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	<title>bioRxiv Channel: 4D Nucleome </title>
	<link>https://biorxiv.org</link>
	<description>
	This feed contains articles for bioRxiv Channel "4D Nucleome "
	</description>

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	<prism:publicationName>bioRxiv</prism:publicationName>
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	<title>bioRxiv</title>
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	<link>https://biorxiv.org</link>
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	<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/099911v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The 3D genome organization of Drosophila melanogaster through data integration 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/099911v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome structures are dynamic and non-randomly organized in the nucleus of higher eukaryotes. To maximize the accuracy and coverage of 3D genome structural models, it is important to integrate all available sources of experimental information about a genomes organization. It remains a major challenge to integrate such data from various complementary experimental methods. Here, we present an approach for data integration to determine a population of complete 3D genome structures that are statistically consistent with data from both genome-wide chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) and lamina-DamID experiments. Our structures resolve the genome at the resolution of topological domains, and reproduce simultaneously both sets of experimental data. Importantly, this framework allows for structural heterogeneity between cells, and hence accounts for the expected plasticity of genome structures. As a case study we choose Drosophila melanogaster embryonic cells, for which both data types are available. Our 3D geome structures have strong predictive power for structural features not directly visible in the initial data sets, and reproduce experimental hallmarks of the D. melanogaster genome organization from independent and our own imaging experiments. Also they reveal a number of new insights about the genome organization and its functional relevance, including the preferred locations of heterochromatic satellites of differnet chromosomes, and observations about homologous pairing that cannot be directly observed in the original Hi-C or lamina-DamID data. To our knowledge our approach is the first that allows systematic integration of Hi-C and lamina DamID data for complete 3D genome structure calculation, while also explicitly considering genome structural variability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tjong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiolo, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alber, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-01-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/099911</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The 3D genome organization of Drosophila melanogaster through data integration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-01-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/095802v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeted degradation of CTCF decouples local insulation of chromosome domains from higher-order genomic compartmentalization 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/095802v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The molecular mechanisms underlying folding of mammalian chromosomes remain poorly understood. The transcription factor CTCF is a candidate regulator of chromosomal structure. Using the auxin-inducible degron system in mouse embryonic stem cells, we show that CTCF is absolutely and dose-dependently required for looping between CTCF target sites and segmental organization into topologically associating domains (TADs). Restoring CTCF reinstates proper architecture on altered chromosomes, indicating a powerful instructive function for CTCF in chromatin folding, and CTCF remains essential for TAD organization in non-dividing cells. Surprisingly, active and inactive genome compartments remain properly segregated upon CTCF depletion, revealing that compartmentalization of mammalian chromosomes emerges independently of proper insulation of TADs. Further, our data supports that CTCF mediates transcriptional insulator function through enhancer-blocking but not direct chromatin barrier activity. These results define the functions of CTCF in chromosome folding, and provide new fundamental insights into the rules governing mammalian genome organization.nnnnO_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=178 SRC="FIGDIR/small/095802_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">nView larger version (49K):norg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@79c6c5org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@e8e61forg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@5c2eedorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@cf7f3_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nora, E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goloborodko, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valton, A.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibcus, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uebsersohn, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdennur, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dekker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirny, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruneau, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-12-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/095802</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeted degradation of CTCF decouples local insulation of chromosome domains from higher-order genomic compartmentalization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-12-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/094946v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cohesin dependent compaction of mitotic chromosomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/094946v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes (SMC) protein complexes are key determinants of chromosome conformation. Using Hi-C and polymer modelling, we study how cohesin and condensin, two deeply-conserved SMC complexes, organize chromosomes in budding yeast. The canonical role of cohesins is to co-align sister chromatids whilst condensins generally compact mitotic chromosomes. We find strikingly different roles in budding yeast mitosis. First, cohesin is responsible for compacting mitotic chromosomes arms, independent of and in addition to its role in sister-chromatid cohesion. Cohesin dependent mitotic chromosome compaction can be fully accounted for through cis-looping of chromatin by loop extrusion. Second, condensin is dispensable for compaction along chromosomal arms and instead plays a specialized role, structuring rDNA and peri-centromeric regions. Our results argue that the conserved mechanism of SMC complexes is to form chromatin loops and that SMC-dependent looping is readily deployed in a range of contexts to functionally organize chromosomes.nnHighlightsO_LICohesin compacts mitotic chromosomes independently of sister chromatid cohesion.nC_LIO_LIFormation of cis-loops by loop extrusion fully accounts for cohesin-mediated compaction.nC_LIO_LICondensin is not required for mitotic chromosome compaction of yeast chromosome armsnC_LIO_LICondensin has a focused pre-anaphase role at centromeres and rDNA in yeastnC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schalbetter, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goloborodko, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fudenberg, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belton, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miles, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dekker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirny, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baxter, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-12-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/094946</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cohesin dependent compaction of mitotic chromosomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-12-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/094185v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Two independent modes of chromosome organization are revealed by cohesin removal 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/094185v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The three-dimensional organization of chromosomes is tightly related to their biological function 1. Both imaging and chromosome conformation capture studies have revealed several layers of organization 2-4: segregation into active and inactive compartments at the megabase scale 5, and partitioning into domains (TADs) 6,7 and associated loops 8 at the sub-megabase scale. Yet, it remains unclear how these layers of genome organization form, interact with one another, and contribute to or result from genome activities. TADs seem to have critical roles in regulating gene expression by promoting or preventing interactions between promoters and distant cis-acting regulatory elements 9-14, and different architectural proteins, including cohesin, have been proposed to play central roles in their formation 15,16. However, experimental depletions of these proteins have resulted in marginal changes in chromosome organization 17-19. Here, we show that deletion of the cohesin-loading factor, Nipbl, leads to loss of chromosome-associated cohesin and results in dramatic genome reorganization. TADs and associated loops vanish globally, even in the absence of transcriptional changes. In contrast, segregation into compartments is preserved and even reinforced. Strikingly, the disappearance of TADs unmasks a finer compartment structure that accurately reflects the underlying epigenetic landscape. These observations demonstrate that the 3D organization of the genome results from the independent action of two distinct mechanisms: 1) cohesin-independent segregation of the genome into fine-scale compartment regions, defined by the underlying chromatin state; and 2) cohes-dependent formation of TADs possibly by the recently proposed loop extrusion mechanism 20,21, enabling long-range and target-specific activity of promiscuous enhancers. The interplay between these mechanisms creates an architecture that is more complex than a simple hierarchy of layers and can be central to guiding normal development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schwarzer, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdennur, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goloborodko, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pekowska, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fudenberg, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loe-Mie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fonseca, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huber, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haering, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirny, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spitz, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-12-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/094185</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Two independent modes of chromosome organization are revealed by cohesin removal]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-12-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/093476v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CTCF and Cohesin Regulate Chromatin Loop Stability with Distinct Dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/093476v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Abstract/summaryFolding of mammalian genomes into spatial domains is critical for gene regulation. CTCF and cohesin control domain location by folding domains into loop structures, which are thought to be highly stable. Combining genomic, biochemical and single-molecule imaging approaches, we show that although CTCF and cohesin can physically interact, CTCF binds chromatin much more dynamically than cohesin (~1 min vs. ~22 min residence time). Moreover, after unbinding, CTCF quickly rebinds another cognate site unlike cohesin (~1 min vs. ~33 min). Thus, CTCF and cohesin form a rapidly exchanging "dynamic complex" rather than a typical stable complex. Since CTCF and cohesin are required for loop domain formation, our results suggest that chromatin loops constantly break and reform throughout the cell cycle.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hansen, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pustova, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cattoglio, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tjian, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darzacq, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-12-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/093476</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CTCF and Cohesin Regulate Chromatin Loop Stability with Distinct Dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-12-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/090001v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HI-C 2.0: AN OPTIMIZED HI-C PROCEDURE FOR HIGH-RESOLUTION GENOME-WIDE MAPPING OF CHROMOSOME CONFORMATION 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/090001v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromosome conformation capture-based methods such as Hi-C have become mainstream techniques for the study of the 3D organization of genomes. These methods convert chromatin interactions reflecting topological chromatin structures into digital information (counts of pair-wise interactions). Here, we describe an updated protocol for Hi-C (Hi-C 2.0) that integrates recent improvements into a single protocol for efficient and high-resolution capture of chromatin interactions. This protocol combines chromatin digestion and frequently cutting enzymes to obtain kilobase (Kb) resolution. It also includes steps to reduce random ligation and the generation of uninformative molecules, such as unligated ends, to improve the amount of valid intra-chromosomal read pairs. This protocol allows for obtaining information on conformational structures such as compartment and TADs, as well as high-resolution conformational features such as DNA loops.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Belaghzal, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dekker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibcus, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-11-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/090001</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HI-C 2.0: AN OPTIMIZED HI-C PROCEDURE FOR HIGH-RESOLUTION GENOME-WIDE MAPPING OF CHROMOSOME CONFORMATION]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-11-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/081448v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
FISH-ing for captured contacts: towards reconciling FISH and 3C 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/081448v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Deciphering how the one-dimensional information encoded in a genomic sequence is read out in three-dimensions is a pressing contemporary challenge. Chromosome conformation capture (3C) and fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) are two popular technologies that provide important links between genomic sequence and 3D chromosome organization. However, how to integrate views from 3C, or genome-wide Hi-C, and FISH is far from solved. We first discuss what each of these methods measure by reconsidering available matched experimental data for Hi-C and FISH. Using polymer simulations, we then demonstrate that contact frequency is distinct from average spatial distance. We show this distinction can create a seemingly-paradoxical relationship between 3C and FISH. Finally, we consider how the measurement of specific interactions between chromosomal loci might be differentially affected by the two technologies. Together, our results have implications for future attempts to cross-validate and integrate 3C and FISH, as well as for developing models of chromosomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fudenberg, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imakaev, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/081448</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[FISH-ing for captured contacts: towards reconciling FISH and 3C]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/076893v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparative analysis of 2D and 3D distance measurements to study spatial genome organization 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/076893v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The spatial organization of eukaryotic genomes is non-random, cell-type specific, and has been linked to cellular function. The investigation of spatial organization has traditionally relied extensively on fluorescence microscopy. The validity of the imaging methods used to probe spatial genome organization often depends on the accuracy and precision of distance measurements. Imaging-based measurements may either use 2 dimensional datasets or 3D datasets including the z-axis information in image stacks. Here we compare the suitability of 2D versus 3D distance measurements in the analysis of various features of spatial genome organization. We find in general good agreement between 2D and 3D analysis with higher convergence of measurements as the interrogated distance increases, especially in flat cells. Overall, 3D distance measurements are more accurate than 2D distances, but are also more prone to noise. In particular, z-stacks are prone to error due to imaging properties such as limited resolution along the z-axis and optical aberrations, and we also find significant deviations from unimodal distance distributions caused by low sampling frequency in z. These deviations can be ameliorated by sampling at much higher frequency in the z-direction. We conclude that 2D distances are preferred for comparative analyses between cells, but 3D distances are preferred when comparing to theoretical models in large samples of cells. In general, 2D distance measurements remain preferable for many applications of analysis of spatial genome organization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Elizabeth Finn</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gianluca Pegoraro</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sigal Shachar</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tom Misteli</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/076893</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparative analysis of 2D and 3D distance measurements to study spatial genome organization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/071357v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Micro-C XL: assaying chromosome conformation at length scales from the nucleosome to the entire genome 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/071357v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Structural analysis of chromosome folding in vivo has been revolutionized by Chromosome Conformation Capture (3C) and related methods, which use proximity ligation to identify chromosomal loci in physical contact. We recently described a variant 3C technique, Micro-C, in which chromatin is fragmented to mononucleosomes using micrococcal nuclease, enabling nucleosome-resolution folding maps of the genome. Here, we describe an improved Micro-C protocol using long crosslinkers, termed Micro-C XL, which exhibits greatly increased signal to noise, and provides further insight into the folding of the yeast genome. We also find that signal to noise is much improved in Micro-C XL libraries generated from relatively insoluble chromatin as opposed to soluble material, providing a simple method to physically enrich for bona-fide long-range interactions. Micro-C XL maps of the budding and fission yeast genomes reveal both short-range chromosome fiber features such as chromosomally-interacting domains (CIDs), as well as higher-order features such as clustering of centromeres and telomeres, thereby addressing the primary discrepancy between prior Micro-C data and reported 3C and Hi-C analyses. Interestingly, comparison of chromosome folding maps of S. cerevisiae and S. pombe revealed widespread qualitative similarities, yet quantitative differences, between these distantly-related species. Micro-C XL thus provides a single assay suitable for interrogation of chromosome folding at length scales from the nucleosome to the full genome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tsung-Han Hsieh</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geoffrey Fudenberg</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anton Goloborodko</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oliver Rando</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-08-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/071357</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Micro-C XL: assaying chromosome conformation at length scales from the nucleosome to the entire genome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-08-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/038281v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Compaction and segregation of sister chromatids via active loop extrusion 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/038281v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mechanism by which chromatids and chromosomes are segregated during mitosis and meiosis is a major puzzle of biology and biophysics. Using polymer simulations of chromosome dynamics, we show that a single mechanism of loop extrusion by condensins can robustly compact, segregate and disentangle chromosomes, arriving at individualized chromatids with morphology observed in vivo. Our model resolves the paradox of topological simplification concomitant with chromosome "condensation", and explains how enzymes a few nanometers in size are able to control chromosome geometry and topology at micron length scales. We suggest that loop extrusion is a universal mechanism of genome folding that mediates functional interactions during interphase and compacts chromosomes during mitosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Anton Goloborodko</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maxim V. Imakaev</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>John F. Marko</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leonid A. Mirny</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-01-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/038281</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Compaction and segregation of sister chromatids via active loop extrusion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-01-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/110239v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Histone H3 Lysine 4 methyltransferases MLL3 and MLL4 Modulate Long-range Chromatin Interactions at Enhancers 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/110239v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Regulation of gene expression in mammalian cells depends on long-range chromatin interactions between enhancers and promoters. Currently, the exact mechanisms that connect distal enhancers to their specific target promoters remain to be fully elucidated. Here we show that the histone H3 Lysine 4 monomethylation (H3K4me1) writer proteins MLL3 and MLL4 (MLL3/4) play an active role in this process. We demonstrate that in differentiating mouse embryonic stem cells, MLL3/4-dependent deposition of H3K4me1 at enhancers correlates with increased levels of chromatin interactions, whereas loss of MLL3/4 leads to greatly reduced frequencies of chromatin interactions and failure of lineage-specific gene expression programs. We further show that H3K4me1 facilitates recruitment of the Cohesin complex to chromatin in vitro and in vivo, providing a potential mechanism for MLL3/4 to promote chromatin looping. Taken together, our results support an active role for MLL3/4 in modulating chromatin organization at enhancers in mammalian cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.-A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Local, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, A.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preissl, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivera, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ishii, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ge, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-02-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/110239</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Histone H3 Lysine 4 methyltransferases MLL3 and MLL4 Modulate Long-range Chromatin Interactions at Enhancers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-02-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/100198v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comprehensive characterization of neutrophil genome topology 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/100198v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neutrophils are responsible for the first line of defense against invading pathogens. Their nuclei are uniquely structured as multiple lobes that establish a highly constrained nuclear environment. Here we found that neutrophil differentiation was not associated with large-scale changes in the number and sizes of topologically associating domains. However, neutrophil genomes were enriched for long-range genomic interactions that spanned multiple topologically associating domains. Population-based simulation of spherical and toroid genomes revealed declining radii of gyration for neutrophil chromosomes. We found that neutrophil genomes were highly enriched for heterochromatic genomic interactions across vast genomic distances, a process named super-contraction. Super-contraction involved genomic regions located in the heterochromatic compartment in both progenitors and neutrophils or genomic regions that switched from the euchromatic to the heterochromatic compartment during neutrophil differentiation. Super-contraction was accompanied by the repositioning of centromeres, pericentromeres and Long-Interspersed Nuclear Elements (LINEs) to the neutrophil nuclear lamina. We found that Lamin-B Receptor expression was required to attach centromeric and pericentromeric repeats but not LINE-1 elements to the lamina. Differentiating neutrophils also repositioned ribosomal DNA and mini-nucleoli to the lamina: a process that was closely associated with sharply reduced ribosomal RNA expression. We propose that large-scale chromatin reorganization involving super-contraction and recruitment of heterochromatin and nucleoli to the nuclear lamina facilitate the folding of the neutrophil genome into a confined geometry imposed by a multi-lobed nuclear architecture.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Denholtz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandra, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamps, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alber, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murre, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-01-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/100198</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comprehensive characterization of neutrophil genome topology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-01-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/074294v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MAPPING OF LONG-RANGE CHROMATIN INTERACTIONS BY PROXIMITY LIGATION ASSISTED CHIP-SEQ 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/074294v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We report a highly sensitive and cost-effective method for genome-wide identification of chromatin interactions in eukaryotic cells. Combining proximity ligation with chromatin immunoprecipitation and sequencing, the method outperforms the state of art approach in sensitivity, accuracy and ease of operation. Application of the method to mouse embryonic stem cells improves mapping of enhancer-promoter interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rongxin Fang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao Yu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guoqiang Li</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sora Chee</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tristin Liu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anthony Schmitt</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bing Ren</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/074294</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MAPPING OF LONG-RANGE CHROMATIN INTERACTIONS BY PROXIMITY LIGATION ASSISTED CHIP-SEQ]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/103614v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nucleotide sequence and DNaseI sensitivity are predictive of 3D chromatin architecture 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/103614v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recently, Hi-C has been used to probe the 3D chromatin architecture of multiple organisms and cell types. The resulting collections of pairwise contacts across the genome have connected chromatin architecture to many cellular phenomena, including replication timing and gene regulation. However, high resolution (10 kb or finer) contact maps remain scarce due to the expense and time required for collection. A computational method for predicting pairwise contacts without the need to run a Hi-C experiment would be invaluable in understanding the role that 3D chromatin architecture plays in genome biology. We describe Rambutan, a deep convolutional neural network that predicts Hi-C contacts at 1 kb resolution using nucleotide sequence and DNaseI assay signal as inputs. Specifically, Rambutan identifies locus pairs that engage in high confidence contacts according to Fit-Hi-C, a previously described method for assigning statistical confidence estimates to Hi-C contacts. We first demonstrate Rambutans performance across chromosomes at 1 kb resolution in the GM12878 cell line. Subsequently, we measure Rambutans performance across six cell types. In this setting, the model achieves an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve between 0.7662 and 0.8246 and an area under the precision-recall curve between 0.3737 and 0.9008. We further demonstrate that the predicted contacts exhibit expected trends relative to histone modification ChlP-seq data, replication timing measurements, and annotations of functional elements such as promoters and enhancers. Finally, we predict Hi-C contacts for 53 human cell types and show that the predictions cluster by cellular function. [NOTE: After our original submission we discovered an error in our calling of statistically significant contacts. Briefly, when calculating the prior probability of a contact, we used the number of contacts at a certain genomic distance in a chromosome but divided by the total number of bins in the full genome. While we investigate what impact this had on our results, we ask that readers treat this manuscript skeptically.]
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schreiber, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Libbrecht, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bilmes, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noble, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-01-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/103614</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nucleotide sequence and DNaseI sensitivity are predictive of 3D chromatin architecture]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-01-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/086017v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Software tools for visualizing Hi-C data 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/086017v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recently developed, high-throughput assays for measuring the three-dimensional configuration of DNA in the nucleus have provided unprecedented insights into the relationship between DNA 3D configuration and function. However, accurate interpretation of data from assays such as ChIA-PET and Hi-C is challenging because the data is large and cannot be easily rendered using a standard genome browser. In particular, an effective Hi-C visualization tool must provide a variety of visualization modes and be capable of viewing the data in conjunction with existing, complementary data. We review a number of such software tools that have been described recently in the literature, focusing on tools that do not require programming expertise on the part of the user. In particular, we describe HiBrowse, Juicebox, my5C, the 3D Genome Browser, and the Epigenome Browser, outlining their complementary functionalities and highlighting which types of visualization tasks each tool is best designed to handle.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yardimci, G. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noble, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-11-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/086017</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Software tools for visualizing Hi-C data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-11-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/065052v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Massively multiplex single-cell Hi-C 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/065052v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We present combinatorial single cell Hi-C, a novel method that leverages combinatorial cellular indexing to measure chromosome conformation in large numbers of single cells. In this proof-of-concept, we generate and sequence combinatorial single cell Hi-C libraries for two mouse and four human cell types, comprising a total of 9,316 single cells across 5 experiments. We demonstrate the utility of single-cell Hi-C data in separating different cell types, identify previously uncharacterized cell-to-cell heterogeneity in the conformational properties of mammalian chromosomes, and demonstrate that combinatorial indexing is a generalizable molecular strategy for single-cell genomics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vijay Ramani</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xinxian Deng</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kevin L Gunderson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frank J Steemers</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christine M Disteche</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>William S Noble</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhijun Duan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jay Shendure</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-07-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/065052</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Massively multiplex single-cell Hi-C]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-07-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/101477v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiplexed dynamic imaging of genomic loci in single cells by combined CRISPR imaging and DNA sequential FISH 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/101477v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Visualization of chromosome dynamics allows the investigation of spatiotemporal chromatin organization and its role in gene regulation and other cellular processes. However, current approaches to label multiple genomic loci in live cells have a fundamental limitation in the number of loci that can be labelled and uniquely identified. Here we describe an approach we call "track first and identify later" for multiplexed visualization of chromosome dynamics by combining two techniques: CRISPR labeling and DNA sequential fluorescence in situ hybridization (DNA seqFISH). Our approach first labels and tracks chromosomal loci in live cells with the CRISPR system, then barcodes those loci by DNA seqFISH in fixed cells and resolves their identities. We demonstrate our approach by tracking telomere dynamics, identifying 12 unique subtelomeric regions with variable detection efficiencies, and tracking back the telomere dynamics of respective chromosomes in mouse embryonic stem cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Takei, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harvey, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-01-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/101477</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiplexed dynamic imaging of genomic loci in single cells by combined CRISPR imaging and DNA sequential FISH]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-01-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/111179v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Real-time chromatin dynamics at the single gene levelduring transcription activation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/111179v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome dynamics relate to regulation of gene expression, the most fundamental process in biology. Yet we still do not know whether the very process of transcription drives spatial organization and chromatin conformation at specific gene loci. To address this issue, we have optimized the ANCHOR/ParB DNA labeling system for real-time imaging and quantitative analysis of the dynamics of a single-copy transgene in human cells. Transcription of the transgene under the control of the endogenous Cyclin D1 promoter was induced by addition of 17{beta}-estradiol. Motion of the ANCHOR3-tagged DNA locus was recorded in the same cell prior to and during appearance of nascent mRNA visualized using the MS2 system. We found that transcription initiation resulted in rapid confinement of the mRNA-producing gene. The confinement was maintained even upon inhibition of pol2 elongation. It did not occur when recruitment of pol2 or transcription initiation was blocked by anti-estrogens or Triptolide. These results suggest that preinitiation complex formation and concomitant reorganization of the chromatin domain constrains freedom of movement of an induced genes promoter within minutes. Confined diffusion reflects assembly of functional protein hubs and DNA processing during the rate-limiting steps of transcription.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Germier, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kocanova, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walther, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bancaud, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaban, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sellou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Politi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellenberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallardo, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bystricky, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-02-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/111179</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Real-time chromatin dynamics at the single gene levelduring transcription activation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-02-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/099523v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Direct visualization of transcriptional activation by physical enhancer-promoter proximity 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/099523v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A long-standing question in metazoan gene regulation is how remote enhancers communicate with their target promoters over long distances. Combining genome editing and quantitative live imaging we simultaneously visualize physical enhancer-promoter communication and transcription in Drosophila embryos. Enhancers regulating pair rule stripes of even-skipped expression activate transcription of a reporter gene over a distance of 150 kb. We show in individual cells that activation only occurs after the enhancer comes into close proximity with its regulatory target and that upon dissociation transcription ceases almost immediately. We further observe distinct topological conformations of the eve locus, depending on the spatial identity of the activating stripe enhancer. In addition, long-range activation results in transcriptional competition at the endogenous eve locus, causing corresponding developmental defects. Overall, we demonstrate that sustained physical proximity and enhancer-promoter engagement are required for enhancer action, and we provide a path to probe the implications of long-range regulation on cellular fates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fujioka, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gregor, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-01-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/099523</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Direct visualization of transcriptional activation by physical enhancer-promoter proximity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-01-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/066464v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Dynamic Mode of Mitotic Bookmarking by Transcription Factors 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/066464v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During mitosis, transcription is shut off, chromatin condenses, and most transcription factors (TFs) are reported to be excluded from chromosomes. How do daughter cells re-establish the original transcription program? Recent discoveries that a select set of TFs remain bound on mitotic chromosomes suggest a potential mechanism for maintaining transcriptional programs through the cell cycle termed mitotic bookmarking. Here we report instead that many TFs remain associated with chromosomes, and that the exclusion previously described is largely a fixation artifact. In particular, most TFs we tested are significantly enriched on mitotic chromosomes. Studies with Sox2 reveal that this mitotic interaction is more dynamic than in interphase and requires both DNA binding and nuclear import. Furthermore, this dynamic mode results from lack of transcriptional activation rather than decreased accessibility of underlying DNA sequences in mitosis. The nature of the cross-linking artifact prompts careful re-examination of the role of TFs in mitotic bookmarking.nnHighlightsO_LIMany transcription factors bind to mitotic chromosomesnC_LIO_LISox2 mitotic interaction is dynamic and requires DNA binding and nuclear importnC_LIO_LIDNA remains highly accessible in mitotic chromosomesnC_LIO_LIFormaldehyde-based cross-linking leads to mis-localization of TFsnC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sheila S Teves</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luye An</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anders S Hansen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liangqi Xie</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xavier Darzacq</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robert Tjian</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-07-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/066464</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Dynamic Mode of Mitotic Bookmarking by Transcription Factors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-07-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/082339v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The p150N domain of Chromatin Assembly Factor-1 regulates Ki-67 accumulation on the mitotic perichromosomal layer 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/082339v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromatin Assembly Factor 1 (CAF-1) deposits histones during DNA synthesis. The p150 subunit of human CAF-1 contains an N-terminal domain (p150N) that is dispensable for histone deposition but which promotes the localization of specific loci (Nucleolar-Associated Domains, or "NADs") and proteins to the nucleolus during interphase. One of the p150N-regulated proteins is proliferation antigen Ki-67, whose depletion also decreases the nucleolar association of NADs. Ki-67 is also a fundamental component of the perichromosomal layer (PCL), a sheath of proteins surrounding condensed chromosomes during mitosis. We show here that a subset of p150 localizes to the PCL during mitosis, and that p150N is required for normal levels of Ki-67 accumulation on the PCL. This activity requires the Sumoylation Interacting Motif (SIM) within p150N, which is also required for the nucleolar localization of NADs and Ki-67 during interphase. In this manner, p150N coordinates both interphase and mitotic nuclear structures via Ki67.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Matheson, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufman, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/082339</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The p150N domain of Chromatin Assembly Factor-1 regulates Ki-67 accumulation on the mitotic perichromosomal layer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/088146v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Visualizing adenosine to inosine RNA editing in single mammalian cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/088146v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Conversion of adenosine bases to inosine in RNA is a frequent type of RNA editing, but important details about its biology, including subcellular localization, remain unknown due to a lack of imaging tools. We developed an RNA FISH strategy we called inoFISH that enables us to directly visualize and quantify adenosine-to-inosine edited transcripts in situ. Applying this tool to three edited transcripts (GRIA2, EIF2AK2 and NUP43), we found that editing of these transcripts is not correlated with nuclear localization nor paraspeckle association, and that NUP43 exhibits constant editing rates between single cells while the rates for GRIA2 vary.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mellis, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupte, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raj, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rouhanifard, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-11-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/088146</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Visualizing adenosine to inosine RNA editing in single mammalian cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-11-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/103499v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The 4D Nucleome Project 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/103499v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Summary Summary Background Overview of the goals... Structure of the 4D... Research Plans References The spatial organization of the genome and its dynamics contribute to gene expression and cellular function in normal development as well as in disease. Although we are increasingly well equipped to determine a genomes sequence and linear chromatin composition, studying the three-dimensional organization of the genome with high spatial and temporal resolution remains challenging. The 4D Nucleome Network aims to develop and apply approaches to map the structure and dynamics of the human and mouse genomes in space and time with the long term goal of gaining deeper mechanistic understanding of how the nucleus is organized. The project will develop and benchmark experimental and computational approaches for meas ...
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dekker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belmont, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guttman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leshyk, V. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lis, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lomvardas, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirny, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Shea, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ritland, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shendure, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>The 4D Nucleome Network,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-01-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/103499</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The 4D Nucleome Project]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-01-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/104653v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Repli-seq: genome-wide analysis of replication timing by next-generation sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/104653v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cycling cells duplicate their DNA content during S phase, following a defined program called replication timing (RT). Early and late replicating regions differ in terms of mutation rates, transcriptional activity, chromatin marks and sub-nuclear position. Moreover, RT is regulated during development and is altered in disease. Exploring mechanisms linking RT to other cellular processes in normal and diseased cells will be facilitated by rapid and robust methods with which to measure RT genome wide. Here, we describe a protocol to analyse genome-wide RT by next-generation sequencing (NGS). This protocol yields highly reproducible results across laboratories and platforms. We also provide the computational pipelines for analysis, parsing phased genomes using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) for analyzing imprinted RT, and for direct comparison to Repli-chip data obtained by analyzing nascent DNA by microarrays.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Marchal, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sasaki, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vera, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sima, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivera-Mulia, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trevilla Garcia, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nogues, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nafie, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-02-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/104653</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Repli-seq: genome-wide analysis of replication timing by next-generation sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-02-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/112268v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The 3D Genome Browser: a web-based browser for visualizing 3D genome organization and long-range chromatin interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/112268v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent advent of 3C-based technologies such as Hi-C and ChIA-PET provides us an opportunity to explore chromatin interactions and 3D genome organization in an unprecedented scale and resolution. However, it remains a challenge to visualize chromatin interaction data due to its size and complexity. Here, we introduce the 3D Genome Browser (http://3dgenome.org), which allows users to conveniently explore both publicly available and their own chromatin interaction data. Users can also seamlessly integrate other "omics" data sets, such as ChIP-Seq and RNA-Seq for the same genomic region, to gain a complete view of both regulatory landscape and 3D genome structure for any given gene. Finally, our browser provides multiple methods to link distal cis-regulatory elements with their potential target genes, including virtual 4C, ChIA-PET, Capture Hi-C and cross-cell-type correlation of proximal and distal DNA hypersensitive sites, and therefore represents a valuable resource for the study of gene regulation in mammalian genomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choudhary, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hardison, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yue, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-02-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/112268</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The 3D Genome Browser: a web-based browser for visualizing 3D genome organization and long-range chromatin interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-02-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/112631v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HiCPlus: Resolution Enhancement of Hi-C interaction heatmap 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/112631v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationThe Hi-C technology has become an efficient tool to measure the spatial organization of the genome. With the recent advance of 1Kb resolution Hi-C experiment, some of the essential regulatory features have been uncovered. However, most available Hi-C datasets are in coarse-resolution due to the extremely high cost for generating high-resolution data. Therefore, a computational method to maximum the usage of the current available Hi-C data is urgently desired.nnResultsInspired by the super-resolution image technique, we develop a computational approach to impute the high-resolution Hi-C data from low-resolution Hi-C data using the deep convolutional neural network. We hypothesize that the Hi-C interaction heatmap contains the repeating features, and develop an end-to-end framework to map these features from low-resolution Hi-C heatmap to high-resolution Hi-C heatmap at the feature level. Our approach successfully reconstructs the high-resolution Hi-C interaction map from the low-resolution counterpart, which also proves that the Hi-C interaction matrix is a combination of the regional features. Besides, our approach is highly expandable, and we can also increase prediction accuracy by incorporating ChIA-PET data.nnAvailabilitySource code is publicly available at https://github.com/zhangyan32/HiCPlusnnContactjtang@cse.sc.edu, fyue@hmc.psu.edu
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yue, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-03-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/112631</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HiCPlus: Resolution Enhancement of Hi-C interaction heatmap]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-03-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/111690v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A fluorogenic nanobody array tag for prolonged single molecule imaging in live cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/111690v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Prolonged single molecule imaging in live cells requires labels that do not aggregate, have high contrast, and are photo-stable. To address these requirements, we have generated arrays of modular protein domains that function as fluorophore recruitment platforms. ArrayG, a linear repeat of GFP-nanobodies, recruits free monomeric wild-type GFP, which brightens ~15-fold upon binding the array. The fluorogenic ArrayG tag effectively eliminates background fluorescence from free binders, a major impediment to high-throughput acquisition of long trajectories in recruitment based imaging strategies. The photo-stability of ArrayG and consistently low background made it possible to continuously track single integrins for as long as 105 seconds (2100 frames). Prolonged tracking of both kinesin and integrin revealed repeated state-switching events, a measurement capability that is crucial to a mechanistic understanding of complex cellular processes. We also report an orthogonal array tag, based on a DHFR-nanobody, for prolonged dual color imaging of single molecules.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Draper, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franklin, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liphardt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-02-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/111690</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A fluorogenic nanobody array tag for prolonged single molecule imaging in live cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-02-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/089011v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Detecting hierarchical 3-D genome domain reconfiguration with network modularity 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/089011v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mammalian genomes are folded in a hierarchy of topologically associating domains (TADs), subTADs and looping interactions. The nested nature of chromatin domains has rendered it challenging to identify a sensitive and specific metric for detecting subTADs and quantifying their dynamic reconfiguration across cellular states. Here, we apply graph theoretic principles to quantify hierarchical folding patterns in high-resolution chromatin topology maps. We discover that TADs can be accurately detected using a Louvain-like locally greedy algorithm to maximize network modularity. By varying a resolution parameter in the modularity quality function, we accurately partition the mouse genome across length scales into a hierarchical nested structure of network communities exhibiting a wide range of sizes. To distinguish high probability subTADs from the full detected set, we developed and applied a new  hierarchical spatial variance minimization method. Moreover, we identified a large number of dynamically altered communities between pluripotent embryonic stem cells and multipotent neural progenitor cells. Cell type specific boundaries correlate with trends in dynamic occupancy of the architectural protein CTCF, thereby validating their biological relevance. Together, these data demonstrate the utility of metrics from network science in quantifying a nested hierarchy of dynamic 3D chromatin communities across length scales. Our findings are significant toward unraveling the link between higher-order genome folding and gene expression during healthy development and the deregulation of molecular pathways linked to disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Norton, H. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emerson, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bassett, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillips-Cremins, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-11-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/089011</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Detecting hierarchical 3-D genome domain reconfiguration with network modularity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-11-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/105676v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Free energy based high-resolution modeling of CTCF-mediated chromatin loops for human genome 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/105676v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A thermodynamic method for computing the stability and dynamics of chromatin loops is proposed. The CTCF-mediated interactions as observed in ChIA-PET experiments for human B-lymphoblastoid cells are evaluated in terms of a polymer model for chain folding physical properties and the experimentally observed frequency of contacts within the chromatin regions. To estimate the optimal free energy and a Boltzmann distribution of suboptimal structures, the approach uses dynamic programming with methods to handle degeneracy and heuristics to compute parallel and antiparallel chain stems and pseudoknots. Moreover, multiple loops mediated by CTCF proteins connected together and forming multimeric islands are simulated using the same model. Based on the thermodynamic properties of those topological three-dimensional structures, we predict the correlation between the relative activity of chromatin loop and the Boltzmann probability, or the minimum free energy, depending also on its genomic length. Segments of chromatin where the structures show a more stable minimum free energy (for a given genomic distance) tend to be inactive, whereas structures that have lower stability in the minimum free energy (with the same genomic distance) tend to be active.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dawson, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plewczynski, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/105676</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Free energy based high-resolution modeling of CTCF-mediated chromatin loops for human genome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/101386v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HiCRep: assessing the reproducibility of Hi-C data using a stratum-adjusted correlation coefficient 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/101386v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hi-C is a powerful technology for studying genome-wide chromatin interactions. However, current methods for assessing Hi-C data reproducibility can produce misleading results because they ignore spatial features in Hi-C data, such as domain structure and distance dependence. We present HiCRep, a framework for assessing the reproducibility of Hi-C data that systematically accounts for these features. In particular, we introduce a novel similarity measure, the stratum adjusted correlation coefficient (SCC), for quantifying the similarity between Hi-C interaction matrices. Not only does it provide a statistically sound and reliable evaluation of reproducibility, SCC can also be used to quantify differences between Hi-C contact matrices and to determine the optimal sequencing depth for a desired resolution. The measure consistently shows higher accuracy than existing approaches in distinguishing subtle differences in reproducibility and depicting interrelationships of cell lineages. The proposed measure is straightforward to interpret and easy to compute, making it well-suited for providing standardized, interpretable, automatable, and scalable quality control. The freely available R package HiCRep implements our approach.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yardimci, G. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hardison, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noble, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yue, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-01-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/101386</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HiCRep: assessing the reproducibility of Hi-C data using a stratum-adjusted correlation coefficient]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-01-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/024620v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Formation of Chromosomal Domains by Loop Extrusion 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/024620v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Topologically Associating Domains (TADs) are fundamental structural and functional building blocks of human interphase chromosomes, yet mechanisms of TAD formation remain unknown. Here we propose that loop extrusion underlies TAD formation. In this process, cis-acting loop-extruding factors, likely cohesins, form progressively larger loops, but stall at TAD boundaries due to interactions with boundary proteins, including CTCF. Using polymer simulations, we show that this model can produce TADs as determined by our analyses of Hi-C data. Contrary to typical illustrations, each TAD consists of multiple dynamically formed loops, rather than a single static loop. Our model explains diverse experimental observations, including the preferential orientation of CTCF motifs, enrichments of architectural proteins at TAD boundaries, and boundary deletion experiments, and makes specific predictions for depletion of CTCF versus cohesin. The emerging picture is that TADs arise from actively forming, growing, and dissociating loops, presenting a framework for understanding interphase chromosomal organization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Geoffrey Fudenberg</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maxim Imakaev</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carolyn Lu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anton Goloborodko</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nezar Abdennur</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leonid A Mirny</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-08-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/024620</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Formation of Chromosomal Domains by Loop Extrusion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-08-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/115436v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ChromoTrace: Reconstruction of 3D Chromosome Configurations by Super-Resolution Microscopy 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/115436v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationThe three-dimensional structure of chromatin plays a key role in genome function, including gene expression, DNA replication, chromosome segregation, and DNA repair. Furthermore the location of genomic loci within the nucleus, especially relative to each other and nuclear structures such as the nuclear envelope and nuclear bodies strongly correlates with aspects of function such as gene expression. Therefore, determining the 3D position of the 6 billion DNA base pairs in each of the 23 chromosomes inside the nucleus of a human cell is a central challenge of biology. Recent advances of super-resolution microscopy in principle enable the mapping of specific molecular features with nanometer precision inside cells. Combined with highly specific, sensitive and multiplexed fluorescence labeling of DNA sequences this opens up the possibility of mapping the 3D path of the genome sequence in situ.nnResultsHere we develop computational methodologies to reconstruct the sequence configuration of all human chromosomes in the nucleus from a super-resolution image of a set of fluorescent in situ probes hybridized to the genome in a cell. To test our approach we develop a method for the simulation of chromatin packing in an idealized human nucleus. Our reconstruction method, ChromoTrace, uses suffix trees to assign a known linear ordering of in situ probes on the genome to an unknown set of 3D in situ probe positions in the nucleus from super-resolved images using the known genomic probe spacing as a set of physical distance constraints between probes. We find that ChromoTrace can assign the 3D positions of the majority of loci with high accuracy and reasonable sensitivity to specific genome sequences. By simulating spatial resolution, label multiplexing and noise scenarios we assess algorithm performance under realistic experimental constraints. Our study shows that it is feasible to achieve chromosome-wide reconstruction of the 3D DNA path in chromatin based on super-resolution microscopy images.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Morganella, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oedegaard, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexander, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ries, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fitzgerald, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellenberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Birney, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-03-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/115436</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ChromoTrace: Reconstruction of 3D Chromosome Configurations by Super-Resolution Microscopy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-03-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/091827v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The dynamic three-dimensional organization of the diploid yeast genome 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/091827v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a long-standing model for the three-dimensional organization of eukaryotic genomes. Even in this well-studied model, it is unclear how homolog pairing in diploids and environment-induced gene relocalization influence overall genome organization. Here, we performed high-throughput chromosome conformation capture on diverged Saccharomyces hybrid diploids to obtain the first global view of chromosome conformation in diploid yeasts. After controlling for the Rabl-like orientation, we observe significant homolog proximity that increased in saturated culture conditions. Surprisingly, we observe a localized increase in homologous interactions between the HAS1 alleles specifically under galactose induction and saturated growth, mediated by association with nuclear pore complexes at the nuclear periphery. Together, these results reveal that the diploid yeast genome has a dynamic and complex 3D organization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liachko, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brickner, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cook, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noble, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brickner, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shendure, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunham, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/091827</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The dynamic three-dimensional organization of the diploid yeast genome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/083212v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Natural Selection has Shaped Coding and Non-coding Transcription in Primate CD4+ T-cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/083212v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcriptional regulatory changes have been shown to contribute to phenotypic differences between species, but many questions remain about how gene expression evolves. Here we report the first comparative study of nascent transcription in primates. We used PRO-seq to map actively transcribing RNA polymerases in resting and activated CD4+ T-cells in multiple human, chimpanzee, and rhesus macaque individuals, with rodents as outgroups. This approach allowed us to measure transcription separately from post-transcriptional processes. We observed general conservation in coding and non-coding transcription, punctuated by numerous differences between species, particularly at distal enhancers and non-coding RNAs. We found evidence that transcription factor binding sites are a primary determinant of transcriptional differences between species, that stabilizing selection maintains gene expression levels despite frequent changes at distal enhancers, and that adaptive substitutions have driven lineage-specific transcription. Finally, we found strong correlations between evolutionary rates and long-range chromatin interactions. These observations clarify the role of primary transcription in regulatory evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Danko, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rice, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martins, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tait Wojno, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lis, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kraus, L. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siepel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-10-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/083212</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Natural Selection has Shaped Coding and Non-coding Transcription in Primate CD4+ T-cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-10-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/121889v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HiGlass: Web-based Visual Comparison And Exploration Of Genome Interaction Maps 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/121889v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We present HiGlass, an open source visualization tool built on web technologies that provides a rich interface for rapid, multiplex, and multiscale navigation of 2D genomic maps alongside 1D genomic tracks, allowing users to combine various data types, synchronize multiple visualization modalities, and share fully customizable views with others. We demonstrate its utility in exploring different experimental conditions, comparing the results of analyses, and creating interactive snapshots to share with collaborators and the broader public. HiGlass is accessible online at http://higlass.io and is also available as a containerized application that can be run on any platform.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kerpedjiev, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdennur, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lekschas, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCallum, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dinkla, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strobelt, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luber, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouellette, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahzir, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alver, B. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pfister, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirny, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gehlenborg, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/121889</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HiGlass: Web-based Visual Comparison And Exploration Of Genome Interaction Maps]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/123588v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HiPiler: Visual Exploration Of Large Genome Interaction Matrices With Interactive Small Multiples 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/123588v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This paper presents an interactive visualization interface--HiPiler--for the exploration and visualization of regions-of-interest in large genome interaction matrices. Genome interaction matrices approximate the physical distance of pairs of regions on the genome to each other and can contain up to 3 million rows and columns with many sparse regions. Regions of interest (ROIs) can be defined, e.g., by sets of adjacent rows and columns, or by specific visual patterns in the matrix. However, traditional matrix aggregation or pan-and-zoom interfaces fail in supporting search, inspection, and comparison of ROIs in such large matrices. In HiPiler, ROIs are first-class objects, represented as thumbnail-like "snippets". Snippets can be interactively explored and grouped or laid out automatically in scatterplots, or through dimension reduction methods. Snippets are linked to the entire navigable genome interaction matrix through brushing and linking. The design of HiPiler is based on a series of semi-structured interviews with 10 domain experts involved in the analysis and interpretation of genome interaction matrices. We describe six exploration tasks that are crucial for analysis of interaction matrices and demonstrate how HiPiler supports these tasks. We report on a user study with a series of data exploration sessions with domain experts to assess the usability of HiPiler as well as to demonstrate respective findings in the data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lekschas, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bach, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerpedjiev, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gehlenborg, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pfister, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/123588</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HiPiler: Visual Exploration Of Large Genome Interaction Matrices With Interactive Small Multiples]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/125815v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Versatile Compressed Sensing Scheme For Faster And Less Phototoxic 3D Fluorescence Microscopy 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/125815v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Three-dimensional fluorescence microscopy based on Nyquist sampling of focal planes faces harsh trade-offs between acquisition time, light exposure, and signal-to-noise. We propose a 3D compressed sensing approach that uses temporal modulation of the excitation intensity during axial stage sweeping and can be adapted to fluorescence microscopes without hardware modification. We describe implementations on a lattice light sheet microscope and an epifluorescence microscope, and show that images of beads and biological samples can be reconstructed with a 5-10 fold reduction of light exposure and acquisition time. Our scheme opens a new door towards faster and less damaging 3D fluorescence microscopy.nnOCIS codes: (110.1758) Computational imaging; (170.2520) Fluorescence microscopy; (170.6900) Three-dimensional microscopy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Woringer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darzacq, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimmer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mir, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-04-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/125815</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Versatile Compressed Sensing Scheme For Faster And Less Phototoxic 3D Fluorescence Microscopy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-04-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/128280v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nuclear Microenvironments Modulate Transcription From Low-Affinity Enhancers 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/128280v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcription factors regulate gene expression by binding to DNA for short durations and by often binding to low-affinity DNA sequences. It is not clear how such temporally brief, low-affinity interactions can drive efficient transcription. Here we report that the transcription factor Ultrabithorax (Ubx) functionally utilizes low-affinity binding sites in the Drosophila melanogaster shavenbaby (svb) locus in nuclear microenvironments of relatively high Ubx concentration. By manipulating the affinity of svb enhancers, we revealed an inverse relationship between enhancer affinity and Ubx concentration required for transcriptional activation. A Ubx cofactor, Homothorax (Hth), was enriched together with Ubx near enhancers that require Hth, even though Ubx and Hth did not co-localize throughout the nucleus. These results suggest that low affinity sites overcome their kinetic inefficiency by utilizing microenvironments with high concentrations of transcription factors and cofactors. Mechanisms that generate these microenvironments are likely to be a general feature of eukaryotic transcriptional regulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Crocker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muthusamy, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavis, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singer, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stern, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-04-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/128280</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nuclear Microenvironments Modulate Transcription From Low-Affinity Enhancers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-04-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/119651v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An Integrative Framework For Detecting Structural Variations In Cancer Genomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/119651v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Structural variants can contribute to oncogenesis through a variety of mechanisms, yet, despite their importance, the identification of structural variants in cancer genomes remains challenging. Here, we present an integrative framework for comprehensively identifying structural variation in cancer genomes. For the first time, we apply next-generation optical mapping, high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C), and whole genome sequencing to systematically detect SVs in a variety of cancer cells.nnUsing this approach, we identify and characterize structural variants in up to 29 commonly used normal and cancer cell lines. We find that each method has unique strengths in identifying different classes of structural variants and at different scales, suggesting that integrative approaches are likely the only way to comprehensively identify structural variants in the genome. Studying the impact of the structural variants in cancer cell lines, we identify widespread structural variation events affecting the functions of non-coding sequences in the genome, including the deletion of distal regulatory sequences, alteration of DNA replication timing, and the creation of novel 3D chromatin structural domains.nnThese results underscore the importance of comprehensive structural variant identification and indicate that non-coding structural variation may be an underappreciated mutational process in cancer genomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dixon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dileep, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le, V. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yardimci, G. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakraborty, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bann, D. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iyyanki, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pool, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sasaki, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mulia, J. C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozadam, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lajoie, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaul, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buckley, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diegel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pezic, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ernst, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hadjur, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Odom, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stamatoyannopoulos, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Broach, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hardison, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ay, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noble, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dekker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yue, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-03-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/119651</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An Integrative Framework For Detecting Structural Variations In Cancer Genomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-03-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/138289v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Comparison Between Single Cell RNA Sequencing And Single Molecule RNA FISH For Rare Cell Analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/138289v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The development of single cell RNA sequencing technologies has emerged as a powerful means of profiling the transcriptional behavior of single cells, leveraging the breadth of sequencing measurements to make inferences about cell type. However, there is still little understanding of how well these methods perform at measuring single cell variability for small sets of genes and what "transcriptome coverage" (e.g. genes detected per cell) is needed for accurate measurements. Here, we use single molecule RNA FISH measurements of 26 genes in thousands of melanoma cells to provide an independent reference dataset to assess the performance of the DropSeq and Fluidigm single cell RNA sequencing platforms. We quantified the Gini coefficient, a measure of rare-cell expression variability, and find that the correspondence between RNA FISH and single cell RNA sequencing for Gini, unlike for mean, increases markedly with per-cell library complexity up to a threshold of [~]2000 genes detected. A similar complexity threshold also allows for robust assignment of multi-genic cell states such as cell cycle phase. Our results provide guidelines for selecting sequencing depth and complexity thresholds for single cell RNA sequencing. More generally, our results suggest that if the number of genes whose expression levels are required to answer any given biological question is small, then greater transcriptome complexity per cell is likely more important than obtaining very large numbers of cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Torre, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dueck, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaffer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gospocic, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupte, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonasio, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murray, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raj, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/138289</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Comparison Between Single Cell RNA Sequencing And Single Molecule RNA FISH For Rare Cell Analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/138677v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gene Expression Recovery For Single Cell RNA Sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/138677v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rapid advances in massively parallel single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is paving the way for high-resolution single cell profiling of biological samples. In most scRNA-seq studies, only a small fraction of the transcripts present in each cell are sequenced. The efficiency, that is, the proportion of transcripts in the cell that are sequenced, can be especially low in highly parallelized experiments where the number of reads allocated for each cell is small. This leads to unreliable quantification of lowly and moderately expressed genes, resulting in extremely sparse data and hindering downstream analysis. To address this challenge, we introduce SAVER (Single-cell Analysis Via Expression Recovery), an expression recovery method for scRNA-seq that borrows information across genes and cells to impute the zeros as well as to improve the expression estimates for all genes. We show, by comparison to RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and by data down-sampling experiments, that SAVER reliably recovers cell-specific gene expression concentrations, cross-cell gene expression distributions, and gene-to-gene and cell-to-cell correlations. This improves the power and accuracy of any downstream analysis involving genes with low to moderate expression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torre, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dueck, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaffer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonasio, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murray, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raj, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/138677</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gene Expression Recovery For Single Cell RNA Sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/139782v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cohesin Loss Eliminates All Loop Domains, Leading To Links Among Superenhancers And Downregulation Of Nearby Genes 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/139782v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human genome folds to create thousands of intervals, called "contact domains," that exhibit enhanced contact frequency within themselves. "Loop domains" form because of tethering between two loci - almost always bound by CTCF and cohesin - lying on the same chromosome. "Compartment domains" form when genomic intervals with similar histone marks co-segregate. Here, we explore the effects of degrading cohesin. All loop domains are eliminated, but neither compartment domains nor histone marks are affected. Loci in different compartments that had been in the same loop domain become more segregated. Loss of loop domains does not lead to widespread ectopic gene activation, but does affect a significant minority of active genes. In particular, cohesin loss causes superenhancers to co-localize, forming hundreds of links within and across chromosomes, and affecting the regulation of nearby genes. Cohesin restoration quickly reverses these effects, consistent with a model where loop extrusion is rapid.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glenn St. Hilaire, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engreitz, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kieffer-Kwon, K.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanborn, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnstone, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bochkov, I. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shamim, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Omer, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernstein, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casellas, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lander, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lieberman Aiden, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/139782</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cohesin Loss Eliminates All Loop Domains, Leading To Links Among Superenhancers And Downregulation Of Nearby Genes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/142026v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Static And Dynamic DNA Loops Form AP-1 Bound Activation Hubs During Macrophage Development 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/142026v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The three-dimensional arrangement of the human genome comprises a complex network of structural and regulatory chromatin loops important for coordinating changes in transcription during human development. To better understand the mechanisms underlying context-specific 3D chromatin structure and transcription during cellular differentiation, we generated comprehensive in situ Hi-C maps of DNA loops during human monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation. We demonstrate that dynamic looping events are regulatory rather than structural in nature and uncover widespread coordination of dynamic enhancer activity at preformed and acquired DNA loops. Enhancer-bound loop formation and enhancer-activation of preformed loops represent two distinct modes of regulation that together form multi-loop activation hubs at key macrophage genes. Activation hubs connect 3.4 enhancers per promoter and exhibit a strong enrichment for Activator Protein 1 (AP-1) binding events, suggesting multi-loop activation hubs driven by cell-type specific transcription factors may represent an important class of regulatory chromatin structures for the spatiotemporal control of transcription.nnHIGHLIGHTSO_LIHigh resolution and high sensitivity of loop detection via deeply sequenced in situ Hi-C experiments during monocyte to macrophage differentiation (> 10 billion total reads)nC_LIO_LIMulti-loop interaction communities identified surrounding key macrophage genes.nC_LIO_LIMulti-loop communities connect dynamic enhancers through both static and newly acquired DNA loops, forming hubs of activationnC_LIO_LIMacrophage activation hubs are enriched for AP-1 bound long-range enhancer interactions, suggesting cell-type specific TFs drive changes in 3D structure and transcription through regulatory DNA loopsnC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Phanstiel, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Bortle, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spacek, D. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hess, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saad Shamim, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Machol, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Love, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lieberman Aiden, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bassik, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snyder, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/142026</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Static And Dynamic DNA Loops Form AP-1 Bound Activation Hubs During Macrophage Development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/099804v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Polycomb-Mediated Chromatin Loops Revealed by a Sub-Kilobase Resolution Chromatin Interaction Map 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/099804v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The locations of chromatin loops in Drosophila were determined by Hi-C (chemical cross-linking, restriction digestion, ligation, and high-throughput DNA sequencing). Whereas most loop boundaries or "anchors" are associated with CTCF protein in mammals, loop anchors in Drosophila were found most often in association with the polycomb group (PcG) protein Polycomb (Pc), a subunit of Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1). Loops were frequently located within domains of PcG-repressed chromatin. Promoters located at PRC1 loop anchors regulate some of the most important developmental genes and are less likely to be expressed than those not at PRC1 loop anchors. Although DNA looping has most commonly been associated with enhancer-promoter communication, our results indicate that loops are also associated with gene repression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Eagen, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lieberman Aiden, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kornberg, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-01-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/099804</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Polycomb-Mediated Chromatin Loops Revealed by a Sub-Kilobase Resolution Chromatin Interaction Map]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-01-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/145110v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reconstructing Spatial Transport Distributions In The Nuclear Pore Complex From 2D Images -- How Reliable Is It? 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/145110v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Imaging single molecules in living cells and reconstituted cell systems has resulted in a new understanding of the dynamics of nuclear pore complex functions over the last decade. It does, however, fall short on providing insights into the functional relationships between the pore and nucleocytoplasmic cargo in three-dimensional space. This limited ability is the result of insufficient resolution of optical microscopes along the optical axis and limited fluorescent signal due to the short timescales involved in nuclear transport (fractions of a second). To bypass current technological limitations, it was suggested that highly time-resolved 2D single molecule data could be interpreted as projected cargo locations and could subsequently be transformed into a spatial cargo distribution by assuming cylindrical symmetry 1. Such cargo distributions would provide valuable insights into the NPC-mediated transport in cells. This method, termed 3D-SPEED, has attracted large interest inside and beyond the nuclear pore field, but has also been sharply critiqued for a lack of critical evaluation. Here we present such an evaluation, testing the robustness, reconstruction quality and model-dependency.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tu, L.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huisman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grunwald, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/145110</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reconstructing Spatial Transport Distributions In The Nuclear Pore Complex From 2D Images -- How Reliable Is It?]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/156091v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-molecule FISH in Drosophila muscle reveals location dependent mRNA composition of megaRNPs 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/156091v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-molecule fluorescence in-situ hybridization (smFISH) provides direct access to the spatial relationship between nucleic acids and specific subcellular locations. The ability to precisely localize a messenger RNA can reveal key information about its regulation. Although smFISH is well established in cell culture or thin sections, methods for its accurate application to tissues are lacking. The utility of smFISH in thick tissue sections must overcome several challenges, including probe penetration of fixed tissue, accessibility of target mRNAs for probe hybridization, high fluorescent background, spherical aberration along the optical axis, and image segmentation of organelles. Here we describe how we overcame these obstacles to study mRNA localization in Drosophila larval muscle samples that approach 50 m thickness. We use sample-specific optimization of smFISH, particle identification based on maximum likelihood testing, and 3-dimensional multiple-organelle segmentation. The latter allows using independent thresholds for different regions of interest within an image stack. Our approach therefore facilitates accurate measurement of mRNA location in thick tissues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Noma, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huisman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grunwald, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/156091</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-molecule FISH in Drosophila muscle reveals location dependent mRNA composition of megaRNPs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/094466v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell cycle dynamics of chromosomal organisation at single-cell resolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/094466v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromosomes in proliferating metazoan cells undergo dramatic structural metamorphoses every cell cycle, alternating between a highly condensed mitotic structure facilitating chromosome segregation, and a decondensed interphase structure accommodating transcription, gene silencing and DNA replication. These cyclical structural transformations have been evident under the microscope for over a century, but their molecular-level analysis is still lacking. Here we use single-cell Hi-C to study chromosome conformations in thousands of individual cells, and discover a continuum of cis-interaction profiles that finely position individual cells along the cell cycle. We show that chromosomal compartments, topological domains (TADs), contact insulation and long-range loops, all defined by ensemble Hi-C maps, are governed by distinct cell cycle dynamics. In particular, DNA replication correlates with build-up of compartments and reduction in TAD insulation, while loops are generally stable from G1 through S and G2. Analysing whole genome 3D structural models using haploid cell data, we discover a radial architecture of chromosomal compartments with distinct epigenomic signatures. Our single-cell data creates an essential new paradigm for the re-interpretation of chromosome conformation maps through the prism of the cell cycle.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nagano, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lubling, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varnai, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dudley, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leung, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baran, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mandelson Cohen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wingett, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fraser, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanay, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-12-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/094466</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell cycle dynamics of chromosomal organisation at single-cell resolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-12-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/162156v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Knock-in of an Optimized TetO Repeat for Live Cell Imaging of Endogenous Loci 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/162156v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nuclear organization has an important role in determining genome function; however, it is not clear how spatiotemporal organization of the genome relates to functionality. To elucidate this relationship, a high-throughput method for tracking any locus of interest is desirable. Here, we report an efficient and scalable method named SHACKTeR (Short Homology and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Knock-in of a TetO Repeat) for live cell imaging of specific chromosomal regions. Compared to alternatives, our method does not require a nearby repetitive sequence and it requires only two modifications to the genome: CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in of an optimized TetO repeat and its visualization by TetR-EGFP expression. Our simplified knock-in protocol, utilizing short homology arms integrated by PCR, was successful at labeling 9 different loci in HCT116 cells with up to 20% efficiency. These loci included both nuclear speckle-associated, euchromatin regions and nuclear lamina-associated, heterochromatin regions. We anticipate the general applicability and scalability of our method will enhance causative analyses between gene function and compartmentalization in a high-throughput manner.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tasan, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sustackova, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sivaguru, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>HamediRad, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Genova, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belmont, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-07-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/162156</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Knock-in of an Optimized TetO Repeat for Live Cell Imaging of Endogenous Loci]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-07-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/165340v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Orientation-dependent Dxz4 contacts shape the 3D structure of the inactive X chromosome 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/165340v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mammalian inactive X chromosome (Xi) condenses into a bipartite structure with two superdomains of frequent long-range contacts separated by a boundary or hinge region. Using in situ DNase Hi-C in mouse cells with deletions or inversions within the hinge we show that the conserved repeat locus Dxz4 alone is sufficient to maintain the bipartite structure and that Dxz4 orientation controls the distribution of long-range contacts on the Xi. Frequent long-range contacts between Dxz4 and the telomeric superdomain are either lost after its deletion or shifted to the centromeric superdomain after its inversion. This massive reversal in contact distribution is consistent with the reversal of CTCF motif orientation at Dxz4. De-condensation of the Xi after Dxz4 deletion is associated with partial restoration of TADs normally attenuated on the Xi. There is also an increase in chromatin accessibility and CTCF binding on the Xi after Dxz4 deletion or inversion, but few changes in gene expression, in accordance with multiple epigenetic mechanisms ensuring X silencing. We propose that Dxz4 represents a structural platform for frequent long-range contacts with multiple loci in a direction dictated by the orientation of a bank of CTCF motifs at Dxz4, which may work as a ratchet to form the distinctive bipartite structure of the condensed Xi.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bonora, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramani, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qui, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berletch, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Filippova, G. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schendure, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noble, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Disteche, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-07-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/165340</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Orientation-dependent Dxz4 contacts shape the 3D structure of the inactive X chromosome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-07-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/171801v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Heterogeneity and Intrinsic Variation in Spatial Genome Organization 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/171801v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The genome is hierarchically organized in 3D space and its architecture is altered in differentiation, development and disease. Some of the general principles that determine global 3D genome organization have been established. However, the extent and nature of cell-to-cell and cell-intrinsic variability in genome architecture are poorly characterized. Here, we systematically probe the heterogeneity in genome organization in human fibroblasts by combining high-resolution Hi-C datasets and high-throughput genome imaging. Optical mapping of several hundred genome interaction pairs at the single cell level demonstrates low steady-state frequencies of colocalization in the population and independent behavior of individual alleles in single nuclei. Association frequencies are determined by genomic distance, higher-order chromatin architecture and chromatin environment. These observations reveal extensive variability and heterogeneity in genome organization at the level of single cells and alleles and they demonstrate the coexistence of a broad spectrum of chromatin and genome conformations in a cell population.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Finn, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pegoraro, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandao, H. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valton, A.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oomen, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dekker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirny, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Misteli, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/171801</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Heterogeneity and Intrinsic Variation in Spatial Genome Organization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/171819v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
C-BERST: Defining subnuclear proteomic landscapes at genomic elements with dCas9-APEX2 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/171819v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mapping proteomic composition at distinct genomic loci and subnuclear landmarks in living cells has been a long-standing challenge. Here we report that dCas9-APEX2 Biotinylation at genomic Elements by Restricted Spatial Tagging (C-BERST) allows the rapid, unbiased mapping of proteomes near defined genomic loci, as demonstrated for telomeres and centromeres. By combining the spatially restricted enzymatic tagging enabled by APEX2 with programmable DNA targeting by dCas9, C-BERST has successfully identified nearly 50% of known telomere-associated factors and many known centromere-associated factors. We also identified and validated SLX4IP and RPA3 as telomeric factors, confirming C-BERSTs utility as a discovery platform. C-BERST enables the rapid, high-throughput identification of proteins associated with specific sequences, facilitating annotation of these factors and their roles in nuclear and chromosome biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gao, X. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, L.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mir, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dekker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaffer, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolfe, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sontheimer, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/171819</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[C-BERST: Defining subnuclear proteomic landscapes at genomic elements with dCas9-APEX2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/171983v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spot-On: robust model-based analysis of single-particle tracking experiments 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/171983v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-particle tracking (SPT) has become an important method to bridge biochemistry and cell biology since it allows direct observation of protein binding and diffusion dynamics in live cells. However, accurately inferring information from SPT studies is challenging due to biases in both data analysis and experimental design. To address analysis bias, we introduce "Spot-On", an intuitive web-interface. Spot-On implements a kinetic modeling framework that accounts for known biases, including molecules moving out-of-focus, and robustly infers diffusion constants and subpopulations from pooled single-molecule trajectories. To minimize inherent experimental biases, we implement and validate stroboscopic photo-activation SPT (spaSPT), which minimizes motion-blur bias and tracking errors. We validate Spot-On using experimentally realistic simulations and show that Spot-On outperforms other methods. We then apply Spot-On to spaSPT data from live mammalian cells spanning a wide range of nuclear dynamics and demonstrate that Spot-On consistently and robustly infers subpopulation fractions and diffusion constants.nnIMPACT STATEMENTSpot-On is an easy-to-use website that makes a rigorous and bias-corrected modeling framework for analysis of single-molecule tracking experiments available to all.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hansen, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woringer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grimm, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavis, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tjian, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darzacq, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/171983</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spot-On: robust model-based analysis of single-particle tracking experiments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/177766v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Mechanism of Cohesin-Dependent Loop Extrusion Organizes Zygotic Genome Architecture 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/177766v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fertilization triggers assembly of higher-order chromatin structure from a naive genome to generate a totipotent embryo. Chromatin loops and domains are detected in mouse zygotes by single-nucleus Hi-C (snHi-C) but not bulk Hi-C. We resolve this discrepancy by investigating whether a mechanism of cohesin-dependent loop extrusion generates zygotic chromatin conformations. Using snHi-C of mouse knockout embryos, we demonstrate that the zygotic genome folds into loops and domains that depend on Scc1-cohesin and are regulated in size by Wapl. Remarkably, we discovered distinct effects on maternal and paternal chromatin loop sizes, likely reflecting loop extrusion dynamics and epigenetic reprogramming. Polymer simulations based on snHi-C are consistent with a model where cohesin locally compacts chromatin and thus restricts inter-chromosomal interactions by active loop extrusion, whose processivity is controlled by Wapl. Our simulations and experimental data provide evidence that cohesin-dependent loop extrusion organizes mammalian genomes over multiple scales from the one-cell embryo onwards.nnHighlightsO_LIZygotic genomes are organized into cohesin-dependent chromatin loops and TADsnC_LIO_LILoop extrusion leads to different loop strengths in maternal and paternal genomesnC_LIO_LICohesin restricts inter-chromosomal interactions by altering chromosome surface areanC_LIO_LILoop extrusion organizes chromatin at multiple genomic scalesnC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gassler, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandao, H. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imakaev, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flyamer, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ladstatter, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bickmore, W. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirny, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tachibana-Konwalski, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/177766</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Mechanism of Cohesin-Dependent Loop Extrusion Organizes Zygotic Genome Architecture]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/177832v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Building a genome browser with GIVE 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/177832v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Growing popularity and diversity of genomic data demands portable and versatile genome browsers. Here, we present an open source programming library, called GIVE that facilitates creation of personalized genome browsers without requiring a system administrator. By inserting HTML tags, one can add to a personal webpage interactive visualization of multiple types of genomics data, including genome annotation, "linear" quantitative data (wiggle), and genome interaction data. GIVE includes a graphical interface called HUG (HTML Universal Generator) that automatically generates HTML code for displaying user chosen data, which can be copy-pasted into users personal website or saved and shared with collaborators. The simplicity of use was enabled by encapsulation of novel data communication and visualization technologies, including new data structures, a memory management method, and a double layer display method. GIVE is available at: http://www.givengine.org/.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/177832</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Building a genome browser with GIVE]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/104844v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comprehensive single cell transcriptional profiling of a multicellular organism by combinatorial indexing 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/104844v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Conventional methods for profiling the molecular content of biological samples fail to resolve heterogeneity that is present at the level of single cells. In the past few years, single cell RNA sequencing has emerged as a powerful strategy for overcoming this challenge. However, its adoption has been limited by a paucity of methods that are at once simple to implement and cost effective to scale massively. Here, we describe a combinatorial indexing strategy to profile the transcriptomes of large numbers of single cells or single nuclei without requiring the physical isolation of each cell (Single cell Combinatorial Indexing RNA-seq or sci-RNA-seq). We show that sci-RNA-seq can be used to efficiently profile the transcriptomes of tens-of-thousands of single cells per experiment, and demonstrate that we can stratify cell types from these data. Key advantages of sci-RNA-seq over contemporary alternatives such as droplet-based single cell RNA-seq include sublinear cost scaling, a reliance on widely available reagents and equipment, the ability to concurrently process many samples within a single workflow, compatibility with methanol fixation of cells, cell capture based on DNA content rather than cell size, and the flexibility to profile either cells or nuclei. As a demonstration of sci-RNA-seq, we profile the transcriptomes of 42,035 single cells from C. elegans at the L2 stage, effectively 50-fold "shotgun cellular coverage" of the somatic cell composition of this organism at this stage. We identify 27 distinct cell types, including rare cell types such as the two distal tip cells of the developing gonad, estimate consensus expression profiles and define cell-type specific and selective genes. Given that C. elegans is the only organism with a fully mapped cellular lineage, these data represent a rich resource for future methods aimed at defining cell types and states. They will advance our understanding of developmental biology, and constitute a major step towards a comprehensive, single-cell molecular atlas of a whole animal.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Packer, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramani, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cusanovich, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huynh, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daza, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furlan, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steemers, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adey, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waterston, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trapnell, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shendure, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-02-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/104844</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comprehensive single cell transcriptional profiling of a multicellular organism by combinatorial indexing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-02-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/110668v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reversed graph embedding resolves complex single-cell developmental trajectories 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/110668v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Organizing single cells along a developmental trajectory has emerged as a powerful tool for understanding how gene regulation governs cell fate decisions. However, learning the structure of complex single-cell trajectories with two or more branches remains a challenging computational problem. We present Monocle 2, which uses reversed graph embedding to reconstruct single-cell trajectories in a fully unsupervised manner. Monocle 2 learns an explicit principal graph to describe the data, greatly improving the robustness and accuracy of its trajectories compared to other algorithms. Monocle 2 uncovered a new, alternative cell fate in what we previously reported to be a linear trajectory for differentiating myoblasts. We also reconstruct branched trajectories for two studies of blood development, and show that loss of function mutations in key lineage transcription factors diverts cells to alternative branches on the a trajectory. Monocle 2 is thus a powerful tool for analyzing cell fate decisions with single-cell genomics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qiu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chawla, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pliner, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trapnell, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-02-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/110668</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reversed graph embedding resolves complex single-cell developmental trajectories]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-02-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/155473v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chromatin accessibility dynamics of myogenesis at single cell resolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/155473v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Over a million DNA regulatory elements have been cataloged in the human genome, but linking these elements to the genes that they regulate remains challenging. We introduce Cicero, a statistical method that connects regulatory elements to target genes using single cell chromatin accessibility data. We apply Cicero to investigate how thousands of dynamically accessible elements orchestrate gene regulation in differentiating myoblasts. Groups of co-accessible regulatory elements linked by Cicero meet criteria of "chromatin hubs", in that they are physically proximal, interact with a common set of transcription factors, and undergo coordinated changes in histone marks that are predictive of gene expression. Pseudotemporal analysis revealed a subset of elements bound by MYOD in myoblasts that exhibit early opening, potentially serving as the initial sites of recruitment of chromatin remodeling and histone-modifying enzymes. The methodological framework described here constitutes a powerful new approach for elucidating the architecture, grammar and mechanisms of cis-regulation on a genome-wide basis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pliner, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Packer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McFaline-Figueroa, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cusanovich, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daza, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srivatsan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minkina, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adey, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steemers, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shendure, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trapnell, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/155473</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chromatin accessibility dynamics of myogenesis at single cell resolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/111674v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PBAF’s genomic binding dynamics are regulated via bromodomain-acetyl-lysine interactions and select chromatin states 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/111674v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcriptional bursting involves genes rapidly switching between active and inactive states. Chromatin remodelers actively target arrays of acetylated nucleosomes at select enhancers and promoters to facilitate or shut down the repeated recruitment of RNA Pol II during transcriptional bursting. It is unknown how acetylated chromatin is dynamically targeted and regulated by chromatin remodelers such as PBAF. Thus, we sought to understand how PBAF targets acetylated chromatin using live-cell single molecule fluorescence microscopy. Our work reveals chromatin hubs throughout the nucleus where PBAF rapidly cycles on and off the genome. Deletion of PBAFs bromodomains impairs targeting, stable engagement and persistent binding on chromatin in hubs. Interestingly, PBAF has a higher probability to stably engage chromatin inside hubs indicating that hubs contain a unique nucleosomal scaffold compared to global chromatin. Dual color imaging of PBAF in hubs near H3.3 or HP1 reveals that PBAF targets both euchromatic and heterochromatic regions with distinct genome binding kinetics that mimic chromatin stability. Removal of PBAFs bromodomains stabilizes H3.3 and HP1 binding within chromatin indicating that bromodomains may play a direct role in remodeling of the nucleosome. Our data, suggests that PBAF differentially and dynamically engages a variety of chromatin structures involved in both activation and repression of transcription via bromodomains. Furthermore, PBAFs binding stability on chromatin may reflect the chromatin remodeling potential of different bound chromatin states.

Statement of SignificanceTranscriptional bursting involves a gene rapidly switching between transcriptionally active and inactive states. To regulate transcriptional bursting, chromatin must interchange between euchromatin and heterochromatin to permit or restrict access of transcription factors including RNA Polymerase II to enhancer and gene promoters. However, little is known regarding how chromatin remodelers dynamically read a rapidly changing 4D epigenome. We used live-cell single molecule imaging to characterize the spatiotemporal chromatin binding dynamics of PBAF, a chromatin remodeler that accesses both euchromatin and heterochromatin to regulate transcription. PBAF cycles on and off chromatin hubs in select nuclear regions where it distinctly engages euchromatin and heterochromatin via bromodomains in its BAF180 subunit. Our study provides the framework to understand how the 4D epigenome is regulated.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kenworthy, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dziuba, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavis, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singer, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coleman, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/111674</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PBAF’s genomic binding dynamics are regulated via bromodomain-acetyl-lysine interactions and select chromatin states]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/083014v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
p53 dynamically directs TFIID assembly on target gene promoters 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/083014v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The p53 tumor suppressor protein is a central regulator that turns on vast gene networks to maintain cellular integrity upon various stimuli. p53 activates transcription initiation in part by aiding recruitment of TFIID to the promoter. However, the precise means by which p53 dynamically interacts with TFIID to facilitate assembly on target gene promoters remains elusive. To address this key question, we have undertaken an integrated approach involving single molecule fluorescence microscopy, single particle cryo-electron microscopy, and biochemistry. Our real-time single molecule imaging demonstrates that TFIID alone binds poorly to native p53 target promoters. p53 unlocks TFIIDs ability to bind DNA by increasing TFIID contacts with both the core promoter and a region surrounding p53s response element (RE). Analysis of single molecule dissociation kinetics reveals that TFIID interacts with promoters via transient and prolonged DNA binding modes that are each regulated by p53. Importantly, our structural work reveals that TFIIDs conversion from a canonical form to a rearranged DNA-binding conformation is enhanced in the presence of DNA and p53. Notably, TFIIDs interaction with DNA induces p53 to rapidly dissociate, effectively liberating the RE on the promoter. Collectively, these findings indicate that p53 dynamically escorts and loads the basal transcription machinery onto its target promoters.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Coleman, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cianfrocco, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piasecka, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aldeborgh, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basishvili, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rice, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-10-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/083014</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[p53 dynamically directs TFIID assembly on target gene promoters]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-10-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/172643v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fast, robust and precise 3D localization for arbitrary point spread functions 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/172643v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We present a fitter for 3D single-molecule localization of arbitrary, experimental point spread functions (PSFs) that reaches minimum uncertainty for EMCCD and sCMOS cameras, and achieves more than 105 fits/s. We provide tools to robustly model experimental PSFs and correct for depth induced aberrations, which allowed us to achieve an unprecedented 3D resolution with engineered astigmatic PSFs, and acquire high quality 3D superresolution images even on standard microscopes without 3D optics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mund, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoess, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matti, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nijmeijer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jimenez Sabinina, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellenberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schoen, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ries, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/172643</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fast, robust and precise 3D localization for arbitrary point spread functions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/142604v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Specific Virus-Host Genome Interactions Revealed By Tethered Chromosome Conformation Capture 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/142604v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Viruses have evolved a variety of mechanisms to interact with host cells for their adaptive benefits, including subverting host immune responses and hijacking host DNA replication/transcription machineries [1-3]. Although interactions between viral and host proteins have been studied extensively, little is known about how the vial genome may interact with the host genome and how such interactions could affect the activities of both the virus and the host cell. Since the three-dimensional organization of a genome can have significant impact on genomic activities such as transcription and replication, we hypothesize that such structure-based regulation of genomic functions also applies to viral genomes depending on their association with host genomic regions and their spatial locations inside the nucleus. Here, we used Tethered Chromosome Conformation Capture (TCC) to investigate viral-host genome interactions between the adenovirus and human lung fibroblast cells. We found viral-host genome interactions were enriched in certain active chromatin regions and chromatin domains marked by H3K27me3. The contacts by viral DNA seems to impact the structure and function of the host genome, leading to remodeling of the fibroblast epigenome. Our study represents the first comprehensive analysis of viral-host interactions at the genome structure level, revealing unexpectedly specific virus-host genome interactions. The non-random nature of such interactions indicates a deliberate but poorly understood mechanism for targeting of host DNA by foreign genomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalhor, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berk, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurdistani, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alber, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/142604</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Specific Virus-Host Genome Interactions Revealed By Tethered Chromosome Conformation Capture]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/134767v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ki-67 Contributes To Normal Cell Cycle Progression And Inactive X Heterochromatin In p21 Checkpoint-Proficient Human Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/134767v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ki-67 protein is widely used as a tumor proliferation marker. However, whether Ki-67 affects cell cycle progression has been controversial. Here, we demonstrate that depletion of Ki-67 in human hTERT-RPE1, WI-38, IMR90, hTERT-BJ cell lines and primary fibroblast cells slowed entry into S phase and coordinately downregulated genes related to DNA replication. Some gene expression changes were partially relieved in Ki-67-depleted hTERT-RPE1 cells by co-depletion of the Rb checkpoint protein, but more thorough suppression of the transcriptional and cell cycle defects was observed upon depletion of cell cycle inhibitor p21. Notably, induction of p21 upon depletion of Ki-67 was a consistent hallmark of cell types in which transcription and cell cycle distribution were sensitive to Ki-67; these responses were absent in cells that did not induce p21. Furthermore, upon Ki-67 depletion, a subset of inactive x (Xi) chromosomes in female hTERT-RPE1 cells displayed several features of compromised heterochromatin maintenance, including decreased H3K27me3 and H4K20me1 labeling. These chromatin alterations were limited to Xi chromosomes localized away from the nuclear lamina and were not observed in checkpoint-deficient 293T cells. Altogether, our results indicate that Ki-67 integrates normal S phase progression and Xi heterochromatin maintenance in p21 checkpoint-proficient human cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bizhanova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matheson, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufman, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/134767</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ki-67 Contributes To Normal Cell Cycle Progression And Inactive X Heterochromatin In p21 Checkpoint-Proficient Human Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/133124v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dense Bicoid Hubs Accentuate Binding along the Morphogen Gradient 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/133124v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Morphogen gradients direct the spatial patterning of developing embryos, however, the mechanisms by which these gradients are interpreted remain elusive. Here we perform in vivo single molecule imaging in early Drosophila melanogaster embryos of the transcription factor Bicoid that forms a gradient and initiates patterning along the anteroposterior axis. We observe that Bicoid binds to DNA with a rapid off-rate, such that its average occupancy at target loci is on-rate dependent, a property required for concentration-sensitive regulation. Surprisingly, we also observe abundant specific DNA binding in posterior nuclei, where Bicoid levels are vanishingly low. Live embryo imaging reveals spatiotemporal "hubs" of local high Bicoid concentration that are dependent on the ubiquitous maternal factor Zelda. We propose that localized modulation of transcription factor on-rates via clustering, provides a general mechanism to facilitate binding to low-affinity targets, and that this may be a prevalent feature directing other developmental transcription networks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mir, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reimer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haines, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stadler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eisen, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darzacq, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/133124</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dense Bicoid Hubs Accentuate Binding along the Morphogen Gradient]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/103358v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PGS: a dynamic and automated population-based genome structure software 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/103358v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hi-C technologies are widely used to investigate the spatial organization of genomes. However, the structural variability of the genome is a great challenge to interpreting ensemble-averaged Hi-C data, particularly for long-range/interchromosomal interactions. We pioneered a probabilistic approach for generating a population of distinct diploid 3D genome structures consistent with all the chromatin-chromatin interaction probabilities from Hi-C experiments. Each structure in the population is a physical model of the genome in 3D. Analysis of these models yields new insights into the causes and the functional properties of the genomes organization in space and time. We provide a user-friendly software package, called PGS, that runs on local machines and high-performance computing platforms. PGS takes a genome-wide Hi-C contact frequency matrix and produces an ensemble of 3D genome structures entirely consistent with the input. The software automatically generates an analysis report, and also provides tools to extract and analyze the 3D coordinates of specific domains.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hua, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tjong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alber, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-01-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/103358</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PGS: a dynamic and automated population-based genome structure software]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-01-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/189373v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Correlative live and super-resolution imaging reveals the dynamic structure of replication domains 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/189373v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromosome organization in higher eukaryotes controls gene expression, DNA replication, and DNA repair. Genome mapping has revealed the functional units of chromatin at the sub-megabase scale as self-interacting regions called topologically associating domains (TADs) and showed they correspond to replication domains (RDs). A quantitative structural and dynamic description of RD behavior in the nucleus is however missing, as visualization of dynamic subdiffraction-sized RDs remains challenging. Using fluorescence labeling of RDs combined with correlative live and super-resolution microscopy in situ, we determined biophysical parameters to characterize the internal organization, spacing and mechanical coupling of RDs. We found that RDs are typically 150 nm in size and contain four co-replicating regions spaced 60 nm apart. Spatially neighboring RDs are spaced 300 nm apart and connected by highly flexible linker regions that couple their motion only below 550 nm. Our pipeline allows a robust quantitative characterization of chromosome structure in situ, and provides important biophysical parameters to understand general principles of chromatin organization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xiang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberti, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heriche, J.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huet, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexander, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellenberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/189373</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Correlative live and super-resolution imaging reveals the dynamic structure of replication domains]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/191213v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic drivers of repeat expansion disorders localize to 3-D chromatin domain boundaries 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/191213v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
More than 25 inherited neurological disorders are caused by the unstable expansion of repetitive DNA sequences termed short tandem repeats (STRs). A fundamental unresolved question is why specific STRs are susceptible to unstable expansion leading to severe pathology, whereas tens of thousands of normal-length repeat tracts across the human genome are relatively stable. Here, we unexpectedly discover that nearly all STRs associated with repeat expansion diseases are located at boundaries demarcating 3-D chromatin domains. We find that boundaries exhibit markedly higher CpG island density compared to loci internal to domains. Importantly, disease-associated STRs are specifically localized to ultra-dense CpG island-rich boundaries, suggesting that these loci might be hotspots for epigenetic instability and topological disruption upon unstable expansion. In Fragile X Syndrome, mutation-length expansion at the Fmr1 gene results in severe disruption of the boundary between TADs. Our data uncover higher-order chromatin architecture as a new dimension in understanding the mechanistic basis of repeat expansion disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emerson, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilgenast, T. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Titus, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beagan, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillips-Cremins, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/191213</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic drivers of repeat expansion disorders localize to 3-D chromatin domain boundaries]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/204776v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fluorescence polarization control for on-off switching of single molecules at cryogenic temperatures 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/204776v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Light microscopy allowing sub-diffraction limited resolution has been among the fastest developing techniques at the interface of biology, chemistry and physics. Intriguingly no theoretical limit exists on how far the underlying measurement uncertainty can be lowered. In particular data fusion of large amounts of images can reduce the measurement error to match the resolution of structural methods like cryo-electron microscopy. Fluorescence, although reliant on a reporter molecule and therefore not the first choice to obtain ultra resolution structures, brings highly specific labeling of molecules in a large assemble to the table and inherently allows the detection of multiple colors, which enable the interrogation of multiple molecular species at the same time in the same sample. Here we discuss the problems to be solved in the coming years to aim for higher resolution and describe what polarization depletion of fluorescence at cryogenic temperatures can contribute for fluorescence imaging of biological samples like whole cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hulleman, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huisman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moerland, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grunwald, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stallinga, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rieger, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/204776</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fluorescence polarization control for on-off switching of single molecules at cryogenic temperatures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/206094v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Locus-Specific Enhancer Hubs And Architectural Loop Collisions Uncovered From Single Allele DNA Topologies 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/206094v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromatin folding is increasingly recognized as a regulator of genomic processes such as gene activity. Chromosome conformation capture (3C) methods have been developed to unravel genome topology through the analysis of pair-wise chromatin contacts and have identified many genes and regulatory sequences that, in populations of cells, are engaged in multiple DNA interactions. However, pair-wise methods cannot discern whether contacts occur simultaneously or in competition on the individual chromosome. We present a novel 3C method, Multi-Contact 4C (MC-4C), that applies Nanopore sequencing to study multi-way DNA conformations of tens of thousands individual alleles for distinction between cooperative, random and competing interactions. MC-4C can uncover previously missed structures in sub-populations of cells. It reveals unanticipated cooperative clustering between regulatory chromatin loops, anchored by enhancers and gene promoters, and CTCF and cohesin-bound architectural loops. For example, we show that the constituents of the active b-globin super-enhancer cooperatively form an enhancer hub that can host two genes at a time. We also find cooperative interactions between further dispersed regulatory sequences of the active proto-cadherin locus. When applied to CTCF-bound domain boundaries, we find evidence that chromatin loops can collide, a process that is negatively regulated by the cohesin release factor WAPL. Loop collision is further pronounced in WAPL knockout cells, suggestive of a "cohesin traffic jam". In summary, single molecule multi-contact analysis methods can reveal how the myriad of regulatory sequences spatially coordinate their actions on individual chromosomes. Insight into these single allele higher-order topological features will facilitate interpreting the consequences of natural and induced genetic variation and help uncovering the mechanisms shaping our genome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Allahyar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vermeulen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bouwman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krijger, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verstegen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geeven, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Kranenburg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pieterse, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Straver, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haarhuis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teunissen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renkens, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kloosterman, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rowland, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Wit, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Ridder, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Laat, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/206094</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Locus-Specific Enhancer Hubs And Architectural Loop Collisions Uncovered From Single Allele DNA Topologies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/085241v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Predicting Enhancer-Promoter Interaction from Genomic Sequence with Deep Neural Networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/085241v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the human genome, distal enhancers are involved in regulating target genes through proxi-mal promoters by forming enhancer-promoter interactions. Although recently developed high-throughput experimental approaches have allowed us to recognize potential enhancer-promoter interactions genome-wide, it is still largely unclear to what extent the sequence-level information encoded in our genome help guide such interactions. Here we report a new computational method (named "SPEID") using deep learning models to predict enhancer-promoter interactions based on sequence-based features only, when the locations of putative enhancers and promoters in a particular cell type are given. Our results across six different cell types demonstrate that SPEID is effective in predicting enhancer-promoter interactions as compared to state-of-the-art methods that only use information from a single cell type. As a proof-of-principle, we also applied SPEID to identify somatic non-coding mutations in melanoma samples that may have reduced enhancer-promoter interactions in tumor genomes. This work demonstrates that deep learning models can help reveal that sequence-based features alone are sufficient to reliably predict enhancer-promoter interactions genome-wide.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Singh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poczos, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/085241</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Predicting Enhancer-Promoter Interaction from Genomic Sequence with Deep Neural Networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/117531v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HUGIn: Hi-C Unifying Genomic Interrogator 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/117531v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationHigh throughput chromatin conformation capture (3C) technologies, such as Hi-C and ChlA-PET, have the potential to elucidate the functional roles of non-coding variants. However, most of published genome-wide unbiased chromatin organization studies have used cultured cell lines, limiting their generalizability.nnResultsWe developed a web browser, HUGIn, to visualize Hi-C data generated from 21 human primary tissues and cell liens. HUGIn enables assessment of chromatin contacts both constitutive across and specific to tissue(s) and/or cell line(s) at any genomic loci, including GWAS SNPs, eQTLs and cis-regulatory elements, facilitating the understanding of both GWAS and eQTLs results and functional genomics data.nnAvailabilityHUGIn is available at http://yunliweb.its.unc.edu/HUGIn.nnContactyunli@med.unc.edu and hum@ccf.orgnnSupplementary information:
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Martin, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reiner, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohlke, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sullivan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-03-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/117531</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HUGIn: Hi-C Unifying Genomic Interrogator]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-03-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/118737v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Preservation of Chromatin Organization after Acute Loss of CTCF in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/118737v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) is widely regarded as a key player in chromosome organization in mammalian cells, yet direct assessment of the impact of loss of CTCF on genome architecture has been difficult due to its essential role in cell proliferation and early embryogenesis. Here, using auxin-inducible degron techniques to acutely deplete CTCF in mouse embryonic stem cells, we show that cell growth is severely slowed yet chromatin organization remains largely intact after loss of CTCF. Depletion of CTCF reduces interactions between chromatin loop anchors, diminishes occupancy of cohesin complex genome-wide, and slightly weakens topologically associating domain (TAD) structure, but the active and inactive chromatin compartments are maintained and the vast majority of TAD boundaries persist. Furthermore, transcriptional regulation and histone marks associated with enhancers are broadly unchanged upon CTCF depletion. Our results suggest CTCF-independent mechanisms in maintenance of chromatin organization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kubo, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ishii, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorkin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meitinger, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desai, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/118737</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Preservation of Chromatin Organization after Acute Loss of CTCF in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/130567v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Supercoiling DNA locates mismatches 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/130567v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We present a method of detecting sequence defects by supercoiling DNA with magnetic tweezers. The method is sensitive to a single mismatched base pair in a DNA sequence of several thousand base pairs. We systematically compare DNA molecules with 0 to 16 adjacent mismatches at 1 M monovalent salt and 3.5 pN force and show that, under these conditions, a single plectoneme forms and is stably pinned at the defect. We use these measurements to estimate the energy and degree of end-loop kinking at defects. From this, we calculate the relative probability of plectoneme pinning at the mismatch under physiologically relevant conditions. Based on this estimate, we propose that DNA supercoiling could contribute to mismatch and damage sensing in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dittmore, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brahmachari, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takagi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marko, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neuman, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-04-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/130567</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Supercoiling DNA locates mismatches]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-04-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/135905v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Torque and buckling in stretched intertwined double-helix DNAs 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/135905v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We present a statistical-mechanical model for the behavior of intertwined DNAs, with a focus on their torque and extension as a function of their catenation (linking) number and applied force, as studied in magnetic tweezers experiments. Our model produces results in good agreement with available experimental data, and predicts a catenation-dependent effective twist modulus distinct from what is observed for twisted individual double-helix DNAs. We find that buckling occurs near to the point where experiments have observed a kink in the extension versus linking number, and that the subsequent "supercoiled braid" state corresponds to a proliferation of multiple small plectoneme structures. We predict a discontinuity in extension at the buckling transition corresponding to nucleation of the first plectoneme domain. We also find that buckling occurs for lower linking number at lower salt; the opposite trend is observed for supercoiled single DNAs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Marko, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brahmachari, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/135905</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Torque and buckling in stretched intertwined double-helix DNAs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/135947v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Facilitated Dissociation Of Transcription Factors From Single DNA Binding Sites 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/135947v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The binding of transcription factors (TFs) to DNA controls most aspects of cellular function, making the understanding of their binding kinetics imperative. The standard description of bimolecular interactions posits TF off-rates are independent of TF concentration in solution. However, recent observations have revealed that proteins in solution can accelerate the dissociation of DNA-bound proteins. To study the molecular basis of facilitated dissociation (FD), we have used single-molecule imaging to measure dissociation kinetics of Fis, a key E. coli TF and major bacterial nucleoid protein, from single dsDNA binding sites. We observe a strong FD effect characterized by an exchange rate {bsim}1 x 104 M-1s-1, establishing that FD of Fis occurs at the single-binding-site level, and we find that the off-rate saturates at large Fis concentrations in solution. While spontaneous (i.e., competitor-free) dissociation shows a strong salt dependence, we find that facilitated dissociation depends only weakly on salt. These results are quantitatively explained by a model in which partially dissociated bound proteins are susceptible to invasion by competitor proteins in solution. We also report FD of NHP6A, a yeast TF whose structure differs significantly from Fis. We further perform molecular dynamics simulations, which indicate that FD can occur for molecules that interact far more weakly than those we have studied. Taken together, our results indicate that FD is a general mechanism assisting in the local removal of TFs from their binding sites and does not necessarily require cooperativity, clustering, or binding site overlap.nnSIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTranscription factors (TFs) control biological processes by binding and unbinding to DNA. Therefore it is crucial to understand the mechanisms that affect TF binding kinetics. Recent studies challenge the standard picture of TF binding kinetics by demonstrating cases of proteins in solution accelerating TF dissociation rates through a facilitated dissociation (FD) process. Our study shows that FD can occur at the level of single binding sites, without the action of large protein clusters or long DNA segments. Our results quantitatively support a model of FD in which competitor proteins invade partially dissociated states of DNA-bound TFs. FD is expected to be a general mechanism for modulating gene expression by altering the occupancy of TFs on the genome.nnAuthor ContributionsRamsey I. Kamarnndesigned research, performed research, contributed new reagents/analytic tools, analyzed data, wrote the papernnEdward J. Banigannndesigned research, performed research, contributed new reagents/analytic tools, analyzed data, wrote the papernnAykut Erbasnndesigned research, performed research, contributed new reagents/analytic tools, analyzed data, wrote the papernnRebecca D. Giuntolinndesigned research, performed research, contributed new reagents/analytic tools, analyzed data, wrote the papernnMonica Olvera de la Cruznndesigned research, performed research, wrote the papernnReid C. Johnsonnndesigned research, performed research, contributed new reagents/analytic tools, analyzed data, wrote the papernnJohn F. Markonndesigned research, performed research, contributed new reagents/analytic tools, analyzed data, wrote the paper
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kamar, R. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banigan, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erbas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giuntoli, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olvera de la Cruz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marko, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/135947</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Facilitated Dissociation Of Transcription Factors From Single DNA Binding Sites]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/146241v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
qSR:  A  software  for  quantitative  analysis  of  single  molecule  and  super-resolution  data 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/146241v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-molecule based super-resolution microscopy (Betzig et al., 2006; Hess et al., 2006; Rust et al., 2006) provides insight into the spatiotemporal organization and dynamics of biomolecules at the length scale of ten to hundreds of nanometers, which is most relevant to protein clustering in a broad range of cellular processes. A series of quantitative analysis approaches have been developed to infer the characteristic size of protein clustering via pair correlation analysis (Sengupta et al., 2013; Sengupta et al., 2011; Veatch et al., 2012) or to merge multiple blinking localizations from single fluorophores (Annibale et al., 2011), to identify clusters based on density of detections (Ester, 1996), and to measure temporal dynamics of protein clustering in living cells (Cho et al., 2016a; ...
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Andrews, J. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narayanan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spille, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, W.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thaler, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cisse, I. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/146241</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[qSR:  A  software  for  quantitative  analysis  of  single  molecule  and  super-resolution  data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/153098v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Live-cell mapping of organelle-associated RNAs via proximity biotinylation combined with protein-RNA crosslinking 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/153098v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The spatial organization of RNA within cells is a crucial factor in a wide range of biological functions, spanning all kingdoms of life. However, a general understanding of RNA localization has been hindered by a lack of simple, high-throughput methods for mapping the transcriptomes of subcellular compartments. Here, we develop such a method, termed APEX-RIP, which combines peroxidase-catalyzed, spatially restricted in situ protein biotinylation with RNA-protein chemical crosslinking. We demonstrate that, using a single protocol, APEX-RIP can isolate RNAs from a variety of subcellular compartments, including the mitochondrial matrix, nucleus, bulk cytosol, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), with higher specificity and coverage than do conventional approaches. We furthermore identify candidate RNAs localized to mitochondria-ER junctions and nuclear lamina, two compartments that are recalcitrant to classical biochemical purification. Since APEX-RIP is simple, versatile, and does not require special instrumentation, we envision its broad application in a variety of biological contexts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kaewsapsak, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shechner, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mallard, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rinn, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ting, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/153098</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Live-cell mapping of organelle-associated RNAs via proximity biotinylation combined with protein-RNA crosslinking]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/158352v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell replication profiling reveals stochastic regulation of the mammalian replication-timing program. 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/158352v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In mammalian cells, distinct replication domains (RDs), corresponding to structural units of chromosomes called topologically-associating domains (TADs), replicate at different times during S-phase1-4. Further, early/late replication of RDs corresponds to active/inactive chromatin interaction compartments5,6. Although replication origins are selected stochastically, such that each cell is using a different cohort of origins to replicate their genomes7-12, replication-timing is regulated independently and upstream of origin selection13 and evidence suggests that replication timing is conserved in consecutive cell cycles14. Hence, quantifying the extent of cell-to-cell variation in replication timing is central to studies of chromosome structure and function. Here we devise a strategy to measure variation in single-cell replication timing using DNA copy number. We find that borders between replicated and un-replicated DNA are highly conserved between cells, demarcating active and inactive compartments of the nucleus. Nonetheless, measurable variation was evident. Surprisingly, we detected a similar degree of variation in replication timing from cell-to-cell, between homologues within cells, and between all domains genome-wide regardless of their replication timing. These results demonstrate that stochastic variation in replication timing is independent of elements that dictate timing or extrinsic environmental variation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dileep, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/158352</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell replication profiling reveals stochastic regulation of the mammalian replication-timing program.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/159004v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Fluorogenic Array Tag for Temporally Unlimited Single Molecule Tracking 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/159004v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cellular processes take place over many timescales, prompting the development of precision measurement technologies that cover milliseconds to hours. Here we describe ArrayG, a bipartite fluorogenic system composed of a GFP-nanobody array and monomeric wtGFP binders. The free binders are initially dim but brighten 15 fold upon binding the array, suppressing background fluorescence. By balancing rates of intracellular binder production, photo-bleaching, and stochastic binder exchange on the array, we achieved temporally unlimited tracking of single molecules. Fast (20-180Hz) tracking of ArrayG tagged kinesins and integrins, for thousands of frames, revealed repeated state-switching and molecular heterogeneity. Slow (0.5 Hz) tracking of single histones for as long as 1 hour showed fractal dynamics of chromatin. We also report ArrayD, a DHFR-nanobody-array tag for dual color imaging. The arrays are aggregation resistant and combine high brightness, background suppression, fluorescence replenishment, and extended choice of fluorophores, opening new avenues for seeing and tracking single molecules in living cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franklin, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Draper, W. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liphardt, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-07-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/159004</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Fluorogenic Array Tag for Temporally Unlimited Single Molecule Tracking]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-07-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/174649v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mitotic chromosomes fold by condensin-dependent helical winding of chromatin loop arrays 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/174649v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During mitosis, chromosomes fold into compacted rod shaped structures. We combined imaging and Hi-C of synchronous DT40 cell cultures with polymer simulations to determine how interphase chromosomes are converted into compressed arrays of loops characteristic of mitotic chromosomes. We found that the interphase organization is disassembled within minutes of prophase entry and by late prophase chromosomes are already folded as arrays of consecutive loops. During prometaphase, this array reorganizes to form a helical arrangement of nested loops. Polymer simulations reveal that Hi-C data are inconsistent with solenoidal coiling of the entire chromatid, but instead suggest a centrally located helically twisted axis from which consecutive loops emanate as in a spiral staircase. Chromosomes subsequently shorten through progressive helical winding, with the numbers of loops per turn increasing so that the size of a helical turn grows from around 3 Mb (~40 loops) to ~12 Mb (~150 loops) in fully condensed metaphase chromosomes. Condensin is essential to disassemble the interphase chromatin conformation. Analysis of mutants revealed differing roles for condensin I and II during these processes. Either condensin can mediate formation of loop arrays. However, condensin II was required for helical winding during prometaphase, whereas condensin I modulated the size and arrangement of loops inside the helical turns. These observations identify a mitotic chromosome morphogenesis pathway in which folding of linear loop arrays produces long thin chromosomes during prophase that then shorten by progressive growth of loops and helical winding during prometaphase.nnOne Sentence SummaryMitotic chromosome morphogenesis occurs through condensin-mediated disassembly of the interphase conformation and formation of extended prophase loop arrays that then shorten by loop growth and condensin-dependent helical winding.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gibcus, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samejima, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goloborodko, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samejima, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naumova, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanemaki, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paulson, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Earnshaw, W. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirny, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dekker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/174649</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mitotic chromosomes fold by condensin-dependent helical winding of chromatin loop arrays]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/184846v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Using DNase Hi-C techniques to map global and local three-dimensional genome architecture at high resolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/184846v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The folding and three-dimensional (3D) organization of chromatin in the nucleus critically impacts genome function. The past decade has witnessed rapid advances in genomic tools for delineating 3D genome architecture. Among them, chromosome conformation capture (3C)-based methods such as Hi-C are the most widely used techniques for mapping chromatin interactions. However, traditional Hi-C protocols rely on restriction enzymes (REs) to fragment chromatin and are therefore limited in resolution. We recently developed DNase Hi-C for mapping 3D genome organization, which uses DNase I for chromatin fragmentation. DNase Hi-C overcomes RE-related limitations associated with traditional Hi-C methods, leading to improved methodological resolution. Furthermore, combining this method with DNA capture technology provides a high-throughput approach (targeted DNase Hi-C) that allows for mapping fine-scale chromatin architecture at exceptionally high resolution. Hence, targeted DNase Hi-C will be valuable for delineating the physical landscapes of cis-regulatory networks that control gene expression and for characterizing phenotype-associated chromatin 3D signatures. Here, we provide a detailed description of method design and step-by-step working protocols for these two methods.nnHighlightsO_LIDNase Hi-C, a method for comprehensive mapping of chromatin contacts on a whole-genome scale, is based on random chromatin fragmentation by DNase I digestion instead of sequence-specific restriction enzyme (RE) digestion.nC_LIO_LITargeted DNase Hi-C, which combines DNase Hi-C with DNA capture technology, is a high-throughput method for mapping fine-scale chromatin architecture of genomic loci of interest at a resolution comparable to that of genomic annotations of functional elements.nC_LIO_LIDNase Hi-C and targeted DNase Hi-C provide the first high-throughput way to overcome the RE-digestion-associated resolution limit of 3C-based methods.nC_LIO_LIStep-by-step whole-genome and targeted DNase Hi-C protocols for mapping global and local 3D genome architecture, respectively, are described.nC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ma, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ay, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gulsoy, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cook, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hesson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cavanaugh, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ware, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krumm, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shendure, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blau, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Disteche, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noble, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-09-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/184846</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Using DNase Hi-C techniques to map global and local three-dimensional genome architecture at high resolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-09-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/188755v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Measuring the reproducibility and quality of Hi-C data 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/188755v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hi-C is currently the most widely used assay to investigate the 3D organization of the genome and to study its role in gene regulation, DNA replication, and disease. However, Hi-C experiments are costly to perform and involve multiple complex experimental steps; thus, accurate methods for measuring the quality and reproducibility of Hi-C data are essential to determine whether the output should be used further in a study. Using real and simulated data, we profile the performance of several recently proposed methods for assessing reproducibility of population Hi-C data, including HiCRep, GenomeDISCO, HiC-Spector and QuASAR-Rep. By explicitly controlling noise and sparsity through simulations, we demonstrate the deficiencies of performing simple correlation analysis on pairs of matrices, and we show that methods developed specifically for Hi-C data produce better measures of reproducibility. We also show how to use established (e.g., ratio of intra to interchromosomal interactions) and novel (e.g., QuASAR-QC) measures to identify low quality experiments. In this work, we assess reproducibility and quality measures by varying sequencing depth, resolution and noise levels in Hi-C data from 13 cell lines, with two biological replicates each, as well as 176 simulated matrices. Through this extensive validation and benchmarking of Hi-C data, we describe best practices for reproducibility and quality assessment of Hi-C experiments. We make all software publicly available at http://github.com/kundajelab/3DChromatin_ReplicateQC to facilitate adoption in the community.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yardimci, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozadam, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sauria, M. E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ursu, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, K.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakraborty, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaul, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lajoie, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ay, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerstein, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kundaje, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yue, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dekker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noble, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-09-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/188755</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Measuring the reproducibility and quality of Hi-C data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-09-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/189654v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-throughput identification of RNA nuclear enrichment sequences 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/189654v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
One of the biggest surprises since the sequencing of the human genome has been the discovery of thousands of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs)1-6. Although lncRNAs and mRNAs are similar in many ways, they differ with lncRNAs being more nuclear-enriched and in several cases exclusively nuclear7,8. Yet, the RNA-based sequences that determine nuclear localization remain poorly understood9-11. Towards the goal of systematically dissecting the lncRNA sequences that impart nuclear localization, we developed a massively parallel reporter assay (MPRA). Unlike previous MPRAs12-15 that determine motifs important for transcriptional regulation, we have modified this approach to identify sequences sufficient for RNA nuclear enrichment for 38 human lncRNAs. Using this approach, we identified 109 unique, conserved nuclear enrichment regions, originating from 29 distinct lncRNAs. We also discovered two shorter motifs within our nuclear enrichment regions. We further validated the sufficiency of several regions to impart nuclear localization by single molecule RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (smRNA-FISH). Taken together, these results provide a first systematic insight into the sequence elements responsible for the nuclear enrichment of lncRNA molecules.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shukla, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCorkindale, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerhardinger, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korthauer, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cabili, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shechner, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irizarry, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maass, P. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rinn, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-09-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/189654</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-throughput identification of RNA nuclear enrichment sequences]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-09-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/195966v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CRISPR-Based DNA Imaging in Living Cells Reveals Cell Cycle-Dependent Chromosome Dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/195966v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In contrast to the well-studied condensation and folding of chromosomes during mitosis, their dynamics in interphase are less understood. We developed a sensitive, multicolor system, CRISPR-Sirius, allowing the real-time tracking of the dynamics of chromosomal loci. We tracked loci kilobases to megabases apart and found significant variation in the inter-locus distances of each pair, indicating differing degrees of DNA contortion. We resolved two distinct modes of dynamics of loci: saltatory local movements as well as translational movements of the domain. The magnitude of both of these modes of movements increased from early to late G1, whereas the translational movements were reduced in early S. The local fluctuations decreased slightly in early S and more markedly in mid-late S. These newly observed movements and their cell cycle-dependence are indicative of a hitherto unrecognized compaction-relaxation dynamic of the chromosomal fiber operating concurrently with changes in the extent of observed genomic domain movements.nnIN BRIEFDistinct chromosome folding and dynamics during cell cycle progression were dissected by CRISPR-Sirius DNA imaging in living cells.nnHIGHLIGHTSO_LICRISPR-Sirius allows tracking of pairs of chromosomal loci having kilobase to megabase inter-locus distancesnC_LIO_LIPair-wise tracking of loci allows measurement of both local and domain dynamicsnC_LIO_LIChromosomal fiber relaxation is positively correlated with local dynamicsnC_LIO_LIGenomic region size contributes to local and domain movementsnC_LIO_LIDistinct chromosome dynamics were uncovered during cell cycle progression in interphasenC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ma, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, L.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naseri, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grunwald, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pederson, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-09-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/195966</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CRISPR-Based DNA Imaging in Living Cells Reveals Cell Cycle-Dependent Chromosome Dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-09-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/196261v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chromatin Organization by an Interplay of Loop Extrusion and Compartmental Segregation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/196261v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mammalian chromatin is organized on length scales ranging from individual nucleosomes to chromosomal territories. At intermediate scales two dominant features emerge in interphase: (i) alternating regions (<5Mb) of active and inactive chromatin that spatially segregate into different compartments, and (ii) domains (<1Mb), i.e. regions that preferentially interact internally, which are also termed topologically associating domains (TADs) and are central to gene regulation. There is growing evidence that TADs are formed by active extrusion of chromatin loops by cohesin, whereas compartments are established by a phase separation process according to local chromatin states. Here we use polymer simulations to examine how the two processes, loop extrusion and compartmental segregation, work collectively and potentially interfere in shaping global chromosome organization. Our integrated model faithfully reproduces Hi-C data from previously puzzling experimental observations, where targeting of the TAD-forming machinery led to changes in compartmentalization. Specifically, depletion of chromatin-associated cohesin reduced TADs and revealed hidden, finer compartments, while increased processivity of cohesin led to stronger TADs and reduced compartmentalization, and depletion of the TAD boundary protein, CTCF, weakened TADs while leaving compartments unaffected. We reveal that these experimental perturbations are special cases of a general polymer phenomenon of active mixing by loop extrusion. This also predicts that interference with chromatin epigenetic states or nuclear volume would affect compartments but not TADs. Our results suggest that chromatin organization on the megabase scale emerges from competition of non-equilibrium active loop extrusion and epigenetically defined compartment structure.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nuebler, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fudenberg, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imakaev, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdennur, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirny, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/196261</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chromatin Organization by an Interplay of Loop Extrusion and Compartmental Segregation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/196345v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nucleation of multiple buckled structures in intertwined DNA double helices 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/196345v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We study the statistical-mechanical properties of intertwined double-helical DNAs (DNA braids). In magnetic tweezers experiments we find that torsionally-stressed stretched braids supercoil via an abrupt buckling transition, which is associated with nucleation of a braid end loop, and that the buckled braid is characterized by proliferation of multiple domains. Differences between the mechanics of DNA braids and supercoiled single DNAs can be understood as an effect of increased bulkiness in the structure of the former. The experimental results are in accord with the predictions of a previously-described statistical-mechanical model.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brahmachari, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunn, K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giuntoli, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mondragon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marko, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/196345</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nucleation of multiple buckled structures in intertwined DNA double helices]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/197566v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanics and buckling of biopolymeric shells and cell nuclei 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/197566v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We study a Brownian dynamics simulation model of a biopolymeric shell deformed by axial forces exerted at opposing poles. The model exhibits two distinct linear force-extension regimes, with the response to small tensions governed by linear elasticity and the response to large tensions governed by an effective spring constant that scales with radius as R-0.25. When extended beyond the initial linear elastic regime, the shell undergoes a hysteretic, temperature-dependent buckling transition. We experimentally observe this buckling transition by stretching and imaging the lamina of isolated cell nuclei. Furthermore, the interior contents of the shell can alter mechanical response and buckling, which we show by simulating a model for the nucleus that quantitatively agrees with our micromanipulation experiments stretching individual nuclei.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Banigan, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stephens, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marko, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/197566</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanics and buckling of biopolymeric shells and cell nuclei]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/205740v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Juicebox.js provides a cloud-based visualization system for Hi-C data 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/205740v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Contact mapping experiments such as Hi-C explore how genomes fold in 3D. Here, we introduce Juicebox.js, a cloud-based web application for exploring the resulting datasets. Like the original Juicebox application, Juicebox.js allows users to zoom in and out of such datasets using an interface similar to Google Earth. Furthermore, Juicebox.js encodes the exact state of the browser in a shareable URL. Creating a public browser for a new Hi-C dataset does not require coding and can be accomplished in under a minute.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Robinson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turner, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durand, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thorvaldsdottir, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mesirov, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aiden, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/205740</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Juicebox.js provides a cloud-based visualization system for Hi-C data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/206367v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chromatin histone modifications and rigidity affect nuclear morphology independent of lamins 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/206367v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nuclear shape and architecture influence gene localization, mechanotransduction, transcription, and cell function. Abnormal nuclear morphology and protrusions termed "blebs" are diagnostic markers for many human afflictions including heart disease, aging, progeria, and cancer. Nuclear blebs are associated with both lamin and chromatin alterations. A number of prior studies suggest that lamins dictate nuclear morphology, but the contributions of altered chromatin compaction remain unclear. We show that chromatin histone modification state dictates nuclear rigidity, and modulating it is sufficient to both induce and suppress nuclear blebs. Treatment of mammalian cells with histone deacetylase inhibitors to increase euchromatin or histone methyltransferase inhibitors to decrease heterochromatin results in a softer nucleus and nuclear blebbing, without perturbing lamins. Oppositely, treatment with histone demethylase inhibitors increases heterochromatin and chromatin nuclear rigidity, which results in reduced nuclear blebbing in lamin B1 null nuclei. Notably, increased heterochromatin also rescues nuclear morphology in a model cell line for the accelerated aging disease Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome caused by mutant lamin A, as well as cells from patients with the disease. Thus, chromatin histone modification state is a major determinant of nuclear blebbing and morphology via its contribution to nuclear rigidity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stephens, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, P. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banigan, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Almassalha, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Backman, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adam, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marko, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/206367</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chromatin histone modifications and rigidity affect nuclear morphology independent of lamins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/208710v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamic and Selective Low-Complexity Domain Interactions Revealed by Live-Cell Single-Molecule Imaging 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/208710v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many eukaryotic transcription factors (TFs) contain intrinsically disordered low-complexity domains (LCDs) but how they perform transactivation functions remains unclear. Recent studies report that TF-LCDs can undergo hydrogel formation or liquid-liquid phase separation in vitro. Here, live-cell single-molecule imaging reveals that TF-LCDs form local high concentration interaction hubs at synthetic and endogenous genomic loci. TF-LCD hubs stabilize DNA binding, recruit RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and activate transcription. LCD-LCD interactions within hubs are highly dynamic, display selectivity with binding partners, and are differentially sensitive to disruption by hexanediols. These findings suggest that under physiological conditions, rapid reversible and multivalent LCD-LCD interactions occur between TFs and the Pol II machinery, which underpins a central mechanism for transactivation and plays a key role in gene expression and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dugast-Darzacq, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dailey, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banala, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavis, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darzacq, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tjian, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/208710</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamic and Selective Low-Complexity Domain Interactions Revealed by Live-Cell Single-Molecule Imaging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/212928v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Cell Type-Specific Class of Chromatin Loops Anchored at Large DNA Methylation Nadirs 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/212928v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Higher order chromatin structure and DNA methylation are implicated in multiple developmental processes, but their relationship to cell state is unknown. Here, we found that large (~10kb) DNA methylation nadirs can form long loops connecting anchor loci that may be dozens of megabases apart, as well as interchromosomal links. The interacting loci comprise ~3.5Mb of the human genome. The data are more consistent with the formation of these loops by phase separation of the interacting loci to form a genomic subcompartment, rather than with CTCF-mediated extrusion. Interestingly, unlike previously characterized genomic subcompartments, this subcompartment is only present in particular cell types, such as stem and progenitor cells. Further, we identify one particular loop anchor that is functionally associated with maintenance of the hematopoietic stem cell state. Our work reveals that H3K27me3-marked large DNA methylation nadirs represent a novel set of very long-range loops and links associated with cellular identity.nnSummaryHi-C and DNA methylation analyses reveal novel chromatin loops between distant sites implicated in stem and progenitor cell function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Joeng, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shamim, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bochkov, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reyes, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heikamp, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Presser Aiden, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lieberman Aiden, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodell, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-11-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/212928</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Cell Type-Specific Class of Chromatin Loops Anchored at Large DNA Methylation Nadirs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-11-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/214361v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Removing unwanted variation between samples in Hi-C experiments 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/214361v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hi-C data is commonly normalized using single sample processing methods, with focus on comparisons between regions within a given contact map. Here, we aim to compare contact maps across different samples. We demonstrate that unwanted variation, of likely technical origin, is present in Hi-C data with replicates from different individuals, and that properties of this unwanted variation changes across the contact map. We present BNBC, a method for normalization and batch correction of Hi-C data and show that it substantially improves comparisons across samples, including in a QTL analysis as well as differential enrichment across cell types.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fletez-Brant, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorkin, D. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-11-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/214361</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Removing unwanted variation between samples in Hi-C experiments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-11-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/218768v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CHRAC/ACF Contribute to the Repressive Ground State of Chromatin 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/218768v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The chromatin remodeling complexes CHRAC and ACF combine the ATPase ISWI with the signature subunit ACF1. These enzymes catalyze well-studied nucleosome sliding reactions in vitro, but how their actions affect physiological gene expression is unclear. Here we explored the influence of Drosophila CHRAC/ACF on transcription by complementary gain- and loss-of-function approaches.nnTargeting ACF1 to multiple reporter genes inserted at many different genomic locations revealed a context-dependent inactivation of poorly transcribed reporters in repressive chromatin. Accordingly, single-embryo transcriptome analysis of a Acf knock-out allele showed that only lowly expressed genes are de-repressed in the absence of ACF1. Finally, the nucleosome arrays in Acf-deficient chromatin show loss of physiological regularity, particularly in transcriptionally inactive domains.nnTaken together our results highlight that ACF1-containing remodeling factors contribute to the establishment of an inactive ground state of the genome through chromatin organization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Scacchetti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brueckner, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schauer, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schnorrer, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Steensel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Straub, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becker, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-11-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/218768</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CHRAC/ACF Contribute to the Repressive Ground State of Chromatin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-11-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/219253v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantitative imaging of chromatin decompaction in living cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/219253v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromatin organization is highly dynamic and regulates transcription. Upon transcriptional activation, chromatin is remodeled and referred to as "open", but quantitative and dynamic data of this decompaction process are lacking. Here, we have developed a quantitative high-resolution microscopy assay in living yeast cells to visualize and quantify chromatin dynamics using the GAL7-10-1 locus as a model system. Upon transcriptional activation of these three clustered genes, we detect an increase of the mean distance across this locus by >100 nm. This decompaction is linked to active transcription but is not sensitive to the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A or to deletion of the histone acetyl transferase Gcn5. By contrast, the deletion of SNF2 (encoding the ATPase of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex) or the deactivation of the histone chaperone complex FACT lead to a strongly reduced decompaction without significant effects on transcriptional induction. Our findings are consistent with nucleosome remodeling and eviction activities being major contributors to chromatin reorganization during transcription but also suggest that transcription can occur in the absence of detectable decompaction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dultz, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mancini, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polles, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vallotton, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alber, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weis, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/219253</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantitative imaging of chromatin decompaction in living cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/219683v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Higher-order inter-chromosomal hubs shape 3-dimensional genome organization in the nucleus 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/219683v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Eukaryotic genomes are packaged into a 3-dimensional structure in the nucleus of each cell. There are currently two distinct views of genome organization that are derived from different technologies. The first view, derived from genome-wide proximity ligation methods (e.g. Hi-C), suggests that genome organization is largely organized around chromosomes. The second view, derived from in situ imaging, suggests a central role for nuclear bodies. Yet, because microscopy and proximity-ligation methods measure different aspects of genome organization, these two views remain poorly reconciled and our overall understanding of how genomic DNA is organized within the nucleus remains incomplete. Here, we develop Split-Pool Recognition of Interactions by Tag Extension (SPRITE), which moves away from proximity-ligation and enables genome-wide detection of higher-order DNA interactions within the nucleus. Using SPRITE, we recapitulate known genome structures identified by Hi-C and show that the contact frequencies measured by SPRITE strongly correlate with the 3-dimensional distances measured by microscopy. In addition to known structures, SPRITE identifies two major hubs of inter-chromosomal interactions that are spatially arranged around the nucleolus and nuclear speckles, respectively. We find that the majority of genomic regions exhibit preferential spatial association relative to one of these nuclear bodies, with regions that are highly transcribed by RNA Polymerase II organizing around nuclear speckles and transcriptionally inactive and centromere-proximal regions organizing around the nucleolus. Together, our results reconcile the two distinct pictures of nuclear structure and demonstrate that nuclear bodies act as inter-chromosomal hubs that shape the overall 3-dimensional packaging of genomic DNA in the nucleus.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Quinodoz, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ollikainen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tabak, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palla, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Detmar, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shishkin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhat, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trinh, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aznauryan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russell, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jovanovic, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chow, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonel, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garber, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guttman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-11-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/219683</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Higher-order inter-chromosomal hubs shape 3-dimensional genome organization in the nucleus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-11-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/221762v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Allele-specific control of replication timing and genome organization during development 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/221762v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
DNA replication occurs in a defined temporal order known as the replication-timing (RT) program. RT is regulated during development in discrete chromosomal units, coordinated with transcriptional activity and 3D genome organization. Here, we derived distinct cell types from F1 hybrid musculus X castaneus mouse crosses and exploited the high single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) density to characterize allelic differences in RT (Repli-seq), genome organization (Hi-C and promoter-capture Hi-C), gene expression (nuclear RNA-seq) and chromatin accessibility (ATAC-seq). We also present HARP: a new computational tool for sorting SNPs in phased genomes to efficiently measure allele-specific genome-wide data. Analysis of 6 different hybrid mESC clones with different genomes (C57BL/6, 129/sv and CAST/Ei), parental configurations and gender revealed significant RT asynchrony between alleles across ~12 % of the autosomal genome linked to sub-species genomes but not to parental origin, growth conditions or gender. RT asynchrony in mESCs strongly correlated with changes in Hi-C compartments between alleles but not SNP density, gene expression, imprinting or chromatin accessibility. We then tracked mESC RT asynchronous regions during development by analyzing differentiated cell types including extraembryonic endoderm stem (XEN) cells, 4 male and female primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and neural precursors (NPCs) differentiated in vitro from mESCs with opposite parental configurations. Surprisingly, we found that RT asynchrony and allelic discordance in Hi-C compartments seen in mESCs was largely lost in all differentiated cell types, coordinated with a more uniform Hi-C compartment arrangement, suggesting that genome organization of homologues converges to similar folding patterns during cell fate commitment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rivera-Mulia, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dimond, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vera, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trevilla-Garcia, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sasaki, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimmerman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dupont, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gribnau, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fraser, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/221762</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Allele-specific control of replication timing and genome organization during development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/222794v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-molecule fluorescent amplification of RNA using clampFISH probes 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/222794v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Non-enzymatic, high-gain signal amplification methods with single-cell, single-molecule resolution are in great need. We present click-amplifying FISH (clampFISH) for the fluorescent detection of RNA that combines the specificity of oligonucleotides with bioorthogonal click chemistry in order to achieve high specificity and extremely high-gain (>400x) signal amplification. We show that clampFISH signal enables detection with low magnification microscopy and separation of cells by RNA levels via flow cytometry. Additionally, we show that the modular design of clampFISH probes enables multiplexing, that the locking mechanism prevents probe detachment in expansion microscopy, and that clampFISH works in tissue samples.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rouhanifard, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunagin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mellis, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bayatpour, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Symmons, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cote, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raj, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/222794</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-molecule fluorescent amplification of RNA using clampFISH probes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/222877v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamic reorganization of nuclear architecture during human cardiogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/222877v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While chromosomal architecture varies among cell types, little is known about how this organization is established or its role in development. We integrated Hi-C, RNA-seq and ATAC-seq during cardiac differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells to generate a comprehensive profile of chromosomal architecture. We identified active and repressive domains that are dynamic during cardiogenesis and recapitulate in vivo cardiomyocytes. During differentiation, heterochromatic regions condense in cis. In contrast, many cardiac-specific genes, such as TTN (titin), decompact and transition to an active compartment coincident with upregulation. Moreover, we identify a network of genes, including TTN, that share the heart-specific splicing factor, RBM20, and become associated in trans during differentiation, suggesting the existence of a 3D nuclear splicing factory. Our results demonstrate both the dynamic nature in nuclear architecture and provide insights into how developmental genes are coordinately regulated.nnOne Sentence SummaryThe three-dimensional structure of the human genome is dynamically regulated both globally and locally during cardiogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fields, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramani, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonora, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yardimci, G. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertero, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reinecke, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pabon, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noble, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shendure, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murry, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/222877</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamic reorganization of nuclear architecture during human cardiogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/259515v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GITAR: An open source tool for analysis and visualization of Hi-C data 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/259515v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Interactions between chromatin segments play a large role in functional genomic assays and developments in genomic interaction detection methods have shown interacting topological domains within the genome. Among these methods, Hi-C plays a key role. Here, we present GITAR (Genome Interaction Tools and Resources), a software to perform a comprehensive Hi-C data analysis, including data preprocessing, normalization, visualization and topologically associated domains (TADs) analysis. GITAR is composed of two main modules: 1) HiCtool, a Python library to process and visualize Hi-C data, including TADs analysis and 2) Processed data library, a large collection of human and mouse datasets processed using HiCtool. HiCtool leads the user step-by-step through a pipeline which goes from the raw Hi-C data to the computation, visualization and optimized storage of intra-chromosomal contact matrices and topological domain coordinates. A large collection of standardized processed data allows to compare different datasets in a consistent way and it saves time of work to obtain data for visualization or additional analyses. GITAR enables users without any programming or bioinformatic expertise to work with Hi-C data and it is freely available for the public at http://genomegitar.org as an open source software.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Calandrelli, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/259515</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GITAR: An open source tool for analysis and visualization of Hi-C data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/237834v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A quantitative map of human Condensins provides new insights into mitotic chromosome architecture 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/237834v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The two Condensin complexes in human cells are essential for mitotic chromosome structure. We used homozygous genome editing to fluorescently tag Condensin I and II subunits and mapped their absolute abundance, spacing and dynamic localization during mitosis by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy-calibrated live cell imaging and super-resolution microscopy. While [~]35,000 Condensin II complexes are stably bound to chromosomes throughout mitosis, [~]195,000 Condensin I complexes dynamically bind in two steps, in prometaphase and early anaphase. The two Condensins rarely co-localize at the chromatid axis, where Condensin II is centrally confined but Condensin I reaches [~]50% of the chromatid diameter from its center. Based on our comprehensive quantitative data, we propose a three-step hierarchical loop model of mitotic chromosome compaction: Condensin II initially fixes loops of a maximum size of [~]450 kb at the chromatid axis whose size is then reduced by Condensin I binding to [~]90 kb in prometaphase and [~]70 kb in anaphase, achieving maximum chromosome compaction upon sister chromatid segregation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Walther, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hossain, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Politi, A. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koch, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kueblbeck, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oedegaard-Fougner, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lampe, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellenberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-01-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/237834</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A quantitative map of human Condensins provides new insights into mitotic chromosome architecture]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-01-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/244038v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Heterochromatin drives organization of conventional and inverted nuclei 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/244038v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mammalian cell nucleus displays a remarkable spatial segregation of active euchromatic from inactive heterochromatic genomic regions. In conventional nuclei, euchromatin is localized in the nuclear interior and heterochromatin at the nuclear periphery. In contrast, rod photoreceptors in nocturnal mammals have inverted nuclei, with a dense heterochromatic core and a thin euchromatic outer shell. This inverted architecture likely converts rod nuclei into microlenses to facilitate nocturnal vision, and may relate to the absence of particular proteins that tether heterochromatin to the lamina. However, both the mechanism of inversion and the role of interactions between different types of chromatin and the lamina in nuclear organization remain unknown. To elucidate this mechanism we performed Hi-C and microscopy on cells with inverted nuclei and their conventional counterparts. Strikingly, despite the inversion evident in microscopy, both types of nuclei display similar Hi-C maps. To resolve this paradox we developed a polymer model of chromosomes and found a universal mechanism that reconciles Hi-C and microscopy for both inverted and conventional nuclei. Based solely on attraction between heterochromatic regions, this mechanism is sufficient to drive phase separation of euchromatin and heterochromatin and faithfully reproduces the 3D organization of inverted nuclei. When interactions between heterochromatin and the lamina are added, the same model recreates the conventional nuclear organization. To further test our models, we eliminated lamina interactions in models of conventional nuclei and found that this triggers a spontaneous process of inversion that qualitatively reproduces the pathway of morphological changes during nuclear inversion in vivo. Together, our experiments and modeling suggest that interactions among heterochromatic regions are central to phase separation of the active and inactive genome in inverted and conventional nuclei, while interactions with the lamina are essential for building the conventional architecture from these segregated phases. Ultimately our data suggest that an inverted organization constitutes the default state of nuclear architecture.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Falk, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feodorova, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naumova, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imakaev, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lajoie, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leonhardt, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joffe, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dekker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fudenberg, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solovei, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirny, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-01-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/244038</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Heterochromatin drives organization of conventional and inverted nuclei]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-01-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/264648v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Emerging Evidence of Chromosome Folding by Loop Extrusion 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/264648v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromosome organization poses a remarkable physical problem with many biological consequences: how can molecular interactions between proteins at the nanometer scale organize micron-long chromatinized DNA molecules, insulating or facilitating interactions between specific genomic elements? The mechanism of active loop extrusion holds great promise for explaining interphase and mitotic chromosome folding, yet remains difficult to assay directly. We discuss predictions from our polymer models of loop extrusion with barrier elements, and review recent experimental studies that provide strong support for loop extrusion, focusing on perturbations to CTCF and cohesin assayed via Hi-C in interphase. Finally, we discuss a likely molecular mechanism of loop extrusion by SMC complexes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fudenberg, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdennur, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imakaev, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goloborodko, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirny, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/264648</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Emerging Evidence of Chromosome Folding by Loop Extrusion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/252049v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiplex Chromatin Interaction Analysis with Single-Molecule Precision 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/252049v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We describe a microfluidics-based strategy for genome-wide analysis of multiplex chromatin interactions with single-molecule precision. In multiplex chromatin interaction analysis (multi-ChIA), individual chromatin complexes are partitioned into droplets that contain a gel bead with unique DNA barcode, in which tethered chromatin DNA fragments are barcoded and amplified for sequencing and mapping to demarcate chromatin contacts. Thus, multi-ChIA has the unprecedented ability to uncover multiplex chromatin interactions at single-molecule level, which has been impossible using previous methods that rely on analyzing pairwise contacts via proximity ligation. We demonstrate that multiplex chromatin interactions predominantly contribute to topologically associated domains, and clusters of gene promoters and enhancers provide a fundamental topological framework for co-transcriptional regulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zheng, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, S. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maurya, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Capurso, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piecuch, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ngan, C. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-01-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/252049</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiplex Chromatin Interaction Analysis with Single-Molecule Precision]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-01-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/239368v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chromatin interaction data visualization in the WashU Epigenome Browser 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/239368v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationLong-range chromatin interactions are critical for gene regulations and genome maintenance. HiC and Cool are the two most common data formats used by the community, including the 4D Nucleome Consortium (4DN), to represent chromatin interaction data from a variety of chromatin conformation capture experiments, and specialized tools were developed for their analysis, visualization, and conversion. However, there does not exist a tool that can support visualization of both data formats simultaneously.nnResultsThe WashU Epigenome Browser has integrated both HiC and Cool data formats into its visualization platform. Investigators can seamlessly explore chromatin interaction data regardless of their underlying data format. For developers it is straightforward to benchmark the differences in rendering speed and computational resource usage between the two data formats.nnAvailabilityhttp://epigenomegateway.wustl.edu/browser/.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Purushotham, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/239368</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chromatin interaction data visualization in the WashU Epigenome Browser]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/254797v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Juicebox Assembly Tools module facilitates de novo assembly of mammalian genomes with chromosome-length scaffolds for under $1000 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/254797v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hi-C contact maps are valuable for genome assembly (Lieberman-Aiden, van Berkum et al. 2009; Burton et al. 2013; Dudchenko et al. 2017). Recently, we developed Juicebox, a system for the visual exploration of Hi-C data (Durand, Robinson et al. 2016), and 3D-DNA, an automated pipeline for using Hi-C data to assemble genomes (Dudchenko et al. 2017). Here, we introduce "Assembly Tools," a new module for Juicebox, which provides a point-and-click interface for using Hi-C heatmaps to identify and correct errors in a genome assembly. Together, 3D-DNA and the Juicebox Assembly Tools greatly reduce the cost of accurately assembling complex eukaryotic genomes. To illustrate, we generated de novo assemblies with chromosome-length scaffolds for three mammals: the wombat, Vombatus ursinus (3.3Gb), the Virginia opossum, Didelphis virginiana (3.3Gb), and the raccoon, Procyon lotor (2.5Gb). The only inputs for each assembly were Illumina reads from a short insert DNA-Seq library (300 million Illumina reads, maximum length 2x150 bases) and an in situ Hi-C library (100 million Illumina reads, maximum read length 2x150 bases), which cost <$1000.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dudchenko, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shamim, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batra, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durand, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Musial, N. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mostofa, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glenn St Hilaire, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stamenova, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoeger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nyquist, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korchina, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pletch, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flanagan, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomaszewicz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McAloose, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez Estrada, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novak, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Omer, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aiden, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-01-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/254797</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Juicebox Assembly Tools module facilitates de novo assembly of mammalian genomes with chromosome-length scaffolds for under $1000]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-01-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/240747v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Improved Aedes aegypti mosquito reference genome assembly enables biological discovery and vector control 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/240747v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes infect hundreds of millions of people each year with dangerous viral pathogens including dengue, yellow fever, Zika, and chikungunya. Progress in understanding the biology of this insect, and developing tools to fight it, has been slowed by the lack of a high-quality genome assembly. Here we combine diverse genome technologies to produce AaegL5, a dramatically improved and annotated assembly, and demonstrate how it accelerates mosquito science and control. We anchored the physical and cytogenetic maps, resolved the size and composition of the elusive sex-determining "M locus", significantly increased the known members of the glutathione-S-transferase genes important for insecticide resistance, and doubled the number of chemosensory ionotropic receptors that guide mosquitoes to human hosts and egg-laying sites. Using high-resolution QTL and population genomic analyses, we mapped new candidates for dengue vector competence and insecticide resistance. We predict that AaegL5 will catalyse new biological insights and intervention strategies to fight this deadly arboviral vector.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Matthews, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dudchenko, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kingan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koren, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antoshechkin, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crawford, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glassford, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herre, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Redmond, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rose, N. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weedall, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batra, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brito-Sierra, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buckingham, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cox, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fansiri, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Filipovic, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fontaine, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gloria-Soria, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joardar, V. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kay, R. G. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kodali, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lycett, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchell, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muehling, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Omer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Partridge, F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peluso, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aiden, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramasamy, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rasic, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saavedra-Rodriguez, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sha</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/240747</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Improved Aedes aegypti mosquito reference genome assembly enables biological discovery and vector control]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/300483v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RNAs as proximity labeling media for identifying nuclear speckle positions relative to the genome 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/300483v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nuclear speckles are interchromatin structures enriched in RNA splicing factors. Determining their relative positions with respect to the folded nuclear genome could provide critical information on co-and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. However, it remains challenging to identify which parts of the nuclear genome are in proximity to nuclear speckles, due to physical separation between nuclear speckle cores and chromatin. We hypothesized that noncoding RNAs including small nuclear RNAs, 7SK and Malat1, which accumulate at the periphery of nuclear speckles (nsaRNA, nuclear speckle associated RNA), may extend to sufficient proximity to the nuclear genome. Leveraging a transcriptome-genome interaction assay (MARGI), we identified nsaRNA-interacting genomic sequences, which exhibited clustering patterns (nsaPeaks) in the genome, suggesting existence of relatively stable interaction sites for nsaRNAs in nuclear genome. Posttranscriptional pre-mRNAs, which are known to be clustered to nuclear speckles, exhibited proximity to nsaPeaks but rarely to other genomic regions. Furthermore, CDK9 proteins that localize to the vicinity of nuclear speckles produced ChIP-seq peaks that overlapped with nsaPeaks. Our combined DNA FISH and immunofluorescence analysis in 182 single cells revealed a 3-fold increase in odds for nuclear speckles to localize near an nsaPeak than its neighboring genomic sequence. These data suggest a model that nsaRNAs locate in sufficient proximity to nuclear genome and leave identifiable genomic footprints, thus revealing the parts of genome proximal to nuclear speckles.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/300483</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RNAs as proximity labeling media for identifying nuclear speckle positions relative to the genome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/301036v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pattern-Driven Navigation in 2D Multiscale Visual Spaces with Scalable Insets 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/301036v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We present Scalable Insets, a technique for interactively exploring and navigating large numbers of annotated patterns in multiscale visualizations such as gigapixel images, matrices, or maps. Exploration of many but sparsely-distributed patterns in multiscale visualizations is challenging as visual representations change across zoom levels, context and navigational cues get lost upon zooming, and navigation is time consuming. Our technique visualizes annotated patterns too small to be identifiable at certain zoom levels using insets, i.e., magnified thumbnail views of the annotated patterns. Insets support users in searching, comparing, and contextualizing patterns while reducing the amount of navigation needed. They are dynamically placed either within the viewport or along the boundary of the viewport to offer a compromise between locality and context preservation. Annotated patterns are interactively clustered by location and type. They are visually represented as an aggregated inset to provide scalable exploration within a single viewport. In a controlled user study with 18 participants, we found that Scalable Insets can speed up visual search and improve the accuracy of pattern comparison at the cost of slower frequency estimation compared to a baseline technique. A second study with 6 experts in the field of genomics showed that Scalable Insets is easy to learn and provides first insights into how Scalable Insets can be applied in an open-ended data exploration scenario.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lekschas, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behrisch, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bach, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerpedjiev, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gehlenborg, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pfister, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/301036</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pattern-Driven Navigation in 2D Multiscale Visual Spaces with Scalable Insets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/307892v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TSA-Seq Mapping of Nuclear Genome Organization 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/307892v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While nuclear compartmentalization is an essential feature of three-dimensional genome organization, no genomic method exists for measuring chromosome distances to defined nuclear structures. Here we describe TSA-Seq, a new mapping method able to estimate mean chromosomal distances from nuclear speckles genome-wide and predict several Mbp chromosome trajectories between nuclear compartments without sophisticated computational modeling. Ensemble-averaged results reveal a clear nuclear lamina to speckle axis correlated with a striking spatial gradient in genome activity. This gradient represents a convolution of multiple, spatially separated nuclear domains, including two types of transcription "hot-zones". Transcription hot-zones protruding furthest into the nuclear interior and positioning deterministically very close to nuclear speckles have higher numbers of total genes, the most highly expressed genes, house-keeping genes, genes with low transcriptional pausing, and super-enhancers. Our results demonstrate the capability of TSA-Seq for genome-wide mapping of nuclear structure and suggest a new model for nuclear spatial organization of transcription.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brinkman, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adam, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Steensel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belmont, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/307892</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TSA-Seq Mapping of Nuclear Genome Organization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/347955v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nuclear speckle fusion via long-range directional motion regulates the number and size of speckles 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/347955v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although the formation of RNA-protein bodies has been studied intensively, their mobility and how their number and size are regulated are still poorly understood. Here, we show significant increased mobility of nuclear speckles after transcriptional inhibition, including long-range directed motion of one speckle towards another speckle, terminated by speckle fusion, over distances up to 4 um and with velocities between 0.2-1.5 m/min. Frequently, 3 or even 4 speckles follow very similar paths, with new speckles appearing along the path followed by a preceding speckle. Speckle movements and fusion events contribute to fewer but larger speckles after transcriptional inhibition. These speckle movements are not actin-dependent, but occur within chromatin-depleted channels enriched with small granules containing the speckle-marker protein SON. Our observations suggest a mechanism for long-range, directed nuclear speckle movements, contributing to overall regulation of nuclear speckle number and size as well as overall nuclear organization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, K. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khanna, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ha, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belmont, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/347955</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nuclear speckle fusion via long-range directional motion regulates the number and size of speckles]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/349340v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
LADL: Light-activated dynamic looping for endogenous gene expression control 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/349340v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mammalian genomes are folded into tens of thousands of long-range looping interactions1,2. The cause and effect relationship between looping and genome function is poorly understood, and the extent to which chromatin loops are dynamic on short time scales remains a fundamental unanswered question. Currently available strategies for loop engineering involve synthetic transcription factors tethered to dCas93,4 or zinc fingers5,6, which are constitutively expressed5,6 or induced on long time scales by the presence of a small molecule3. Here we report a new class of 3-D optoepigenetic tools for the directed rearrangement of 3-D chromatin looping on short time scales using blue light. We create synthetic architectural proteins by fusing the CIBN protein subunit from Arabidopsis thaliana with enzymatically dead Cas9 (dCas9). We target our light-activated dynamic looping system (LADL) to two genomic anchors with CRISPR guide RNAs and engineer their spatial co-localization via light-induced heterodimerization of the cryptochrome 2 (CRY2) protein with dCas9-CIBN. We apply LADL to redirect a stretch enhancer (SE) away from its endogenous Klf4 target gene and to the Zfp462 promoter. Looping changes occur as early as four hours after light induction. Using single molecule RNA FISH, we observe a LADL-induced increase in the total nascent Zfp462 transcripts and the number of Zfp462 alleles expressing simultaneously per cell. Moreover, LADL also increased synchronous Sox2 expression after reinforcement of a known Sox2-SE looping interaction. LADL facilitates loop synchronization across a large population of cells without exogenous chemical cofactors and can enable future efforts to engineer reversible and oscillatory looping on short time scales.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rege, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valeri, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunagin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metzger, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beagan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raj, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillips-Cremins, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/349340</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[LADL: Light-activated dynamic looping for endogenous gene expression control]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/385047v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A combination of transcription factors mediates inducible interchromosomal pairing 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/385047v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Remodeling of the three-dimensional organization of a genome has been previously described (e.g. condition-specific pairing or looping), but it remains unknown which factors specify and mediate such shifts in chromosome conformation. Here we describe an assay, MAP-C (Mutation Analysis in Pools by Chromosome conformation capture), that enables the simultaneous characterization of hundreds of cis or trans-acting mutations for their effects on a chromosomal contact or loop. As a proof of concept, we applied MAP-C to systematically dissect the molecular mechanism of inducible interchromosomal pairing between HAS1pr-TDA1pr alleles in Saccharomyces yeast. We identified three transcription factors, Leu3, Sdd4 (Ypr022c), and Rgt1, whose collective binding to nearby DNA sequences is necessary and sufficient for inducible pairing between binding site clusters. Rgt1 contributes to the regulation of pairing, both through changes in expression level and through its interactions with the Tup1/Ssn6 repressor complex. HAS1pr-TDA1pr is the only locus with a cluster of binding site motifs for all three factors in both S. cerevisiae and S. uvarum genomes, but the promoter for HXT3, which contains Leu3 and Rgt1 motifs, also exhibits inducible homolog pairing. Altogether, our results demonstrate that specific combinations of transcription factors can mediate condition-specific interchromosomal contacts, and reveal a molecular mechanism for interchromosomal contacts and mitotic homolog pairing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunham, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shendure, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/385047</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A combination of transcription factors mediates inducible interchromosomal pairing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/396424v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Photon count estimation in single-molecule localization microscopy 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/396424v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recently, Franke, Sauer and van de Linde1 introduced a way to estimate the axial position of single-molecules (TRABI). To this end, they compared the detected photon count from a temporal radial-aperture-based intensity estimation to the estimated count from Gaussian point-spread function (PSF) fitting to the data. Empirically they found this photometric ratio to be around 0.7-0.8 close to focus and decreasing away from it. Here, we explain this reported but unexplained discrepancy and furthermore show that the photometric ratio as indicator for axial position is susceptible even to typical optical aberrations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rieger, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stallinga, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hulleman, C. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thorsen, R. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grunwald, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hammer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/396424</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Photon count estimation in single-molecule localization microscopy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/266981v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial Chromatin Architecture Alteration by Structural Variations in Human Genomes at Population Scale 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/266981v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This genome-wide study is focused on the impact of structural variants identified in individuals from 26 human populations onto three-dimensional structures of their genomes. We assess the tendency of structural variants to accumulate in spatially interacting genomic segments and design a high-resolution computational algorithm to model the 3D conformational changes resulted by structural variations. We show that differential gene transcription is closely linked to variation in chromatin interaction networks mediated by RNA polymerase II. We also demonstrate that CTCF-mediated interactions are well conserved across population, but enriched with disease-associated SNPs. Altogether, this study assesses the critical impact of structural variants on the higher order organization of chromatin folding and provides unique insight into the mechanisms regulating gene transcription at the population scale, among which the local arrangement of chromatin loops seems to be the leading one. It is the first insight into the variability of the human 3D genome at the population scale.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sadowski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kraft, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szalaj, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wlasnowolski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plewczynski, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/266981</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial Chromatin Architecture Alteration by Structural Variations in Human Genomes at Population Scale]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/472019v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-wide co-localization of RNA-DNA interactions and fusion RNA pairs 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/472019v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fusion transcripts are used as biomarkers in companion diagnoses. Although more than 15,000 fusion RNAs have been identified from diverse cancer types, few common feature has been reported. Here, we compared 16,410 fusion transcripts detected in cancer (from a published cohort of 9,966 tumor samples of 33 cancer types) with genome-wide RNA-DNA interactions mapped in two normal, non-cancerous cell types (using iMARGI, an enhanced version of the MARGI [Mapping RNA-Genome Interactions assay]). Among the top 10 most significant RNA-DNA interactions in normal cells, 5 co-localized with the gene pairs that formed fusion RNAs in cancer. Furthermore, throughout the genome, the frequency of a gene pair to exhibit RNA-DNA interactions is positively correlated with the probability of this gene pair to present documented fusion transcripts in cancer. To test whether RNA-DNA interactions in normal cells are predictive of fusion RNAs, we analyzed in a validation cohort of 96 lung cancer samples using RNA-seq. We found 34 out of 42 fusion transcripts in the validation cohort exhibited RNA-DNA interactions in normal cells. Finally, combining RNA-seq, single-molecule RNA FISH, and DNA FISH, we detected a cancer sample with Eml4-Alk fusion RNA without forming the Eml4-Alk fusion gene. Collectively, these data suggest a novel RNA-poise model, where spatial proximity of RNA and DNA could poise for creation of fusion transcripts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chien, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/472019</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-wide co-localization of RNA-DNA interactions and fusion RNA pairs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/349811v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Feasibility of constructing multi-dimensional genomic maps of juvenile idiopathic arthritis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/349811v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundJuvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is one of the most common chronic conditions of childhood. Like many common chronic human illnesses, JIA likely involves complex interactions between genes and the environment, mediated by the epigenome. Such interactions are best understood through multi-dimensional genomic maps that identify critical genetic and epigenetic components of the disease. However, constructing such maps in a cost-effective way is challenging, and this challenge is further complicated by the challenge of obtaining biospecimens from pediatric patients at time of disease diagnosis, prior to therapy, as well as the limited quantity of biospecimen that can be obtained from children,particularly those who are unwell. In this paper, we demonstrate the feasibility and utility of creating multi-dimensional genomic maps for JIA from limited sample numbers.nnMethodsTo accomplish our aims, we used an approach similar to that used in the ENCODE and Roadmap Epigenomics projects, which used only 2 replicates for each component of the genomic maps. We used genome-wide DNA methylation sequencing, whole genome sequencing on the Illumina 10x platform, RNA sequencing, and chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing for informative histone marks (H3K4me1 and H3K27ac) to construct a multi-dimensional map of JIA neutrophils, a cell we have shown to be important in the pathobiology of JIA.nnResultsThe epigenomes of JIA neutrophils display numerous differences from those from healthy children. DNA methylation changes, however, had only a weak effect on differential gene expression. In contrast, H3K4me1 and H3K27ac, commonly associated with enhancer functions, strongly correlated with gene expression. Furthermore, although unique/novel enhancer marks were associated with insertion-deletion events (indels) identified on whole genome sequencing, we saw no strong association between epigenetic changes and underlying genetic variation. The initiation of treatment in JIA is associated with a re-ordering of both DNA methylation and histone modifications, demonstrating the plasticity of the epigenome in this setting.nnConclusionsThese findings, generated from a small number of patient samples, demonstrate how multidimensional genomic studies may yield new understandings of biology of JIA and provide insight into how therapy alters gene expression patterns.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jarvis, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buck, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moncrief, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macintosh, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sing, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Neil, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/349811</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Feasibility of constructing multi-dimensional genomic maps of juvenile idiopathic arthritis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/295915v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An inter-chromosomal transcription hub activates the unfolded protein response in plasma cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/295915v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Previous studies have indicated that the transcription signature of antibody-secreting cells is closely associated with the induction of the unfolded protein response pathway (UPR). Here we have used genome-wide and single cell analyses to examine the folding patterns of plasma cell genomes. We found that plasma cells adopt a cartwheel configuration and undergo large-scale changes in chromatin folding at genomic regions associated with a plasma cell specific transcription signature. During plasma cell differentiation, Blimp1 assembles into an inter-chromosomal transcription hub with genes associated with the UPR, biosynthesis of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as well as a cluster of genes linked with Alzheimers disease. We suggest that the assembly of the Blimp1-UPR-ER transcription hub permits the coordinate activation of a wide spectrum of genes that collectively establish plasma cell identity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bortnick, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aubrey, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandra, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Denholtz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murre, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/295915</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An inter-chromosomal transcription hub activates the unfolded protein response in plasma cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/283655v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mapping local and global liquid-liquid phase behavior in living cells using light-activated multivalent seeds 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/283655v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent studies show that liquid-liquid phase separation plays a key role in the assembly of diverse intracellular structures. However, the biophysical principles by which phase separation can be precisely localized within subregions of the cell are still largely unclear, particularly for low-abundance proteins. Here we introduce a biomimetic optogenetic system, "Corelets", and utilize its rapid and quantitative tunability to map the first full intracellular phase diagrams, which dictate whether phase separation occurs, and if so by nucleation and growth or spinodal decomposition. Surprisingly, both experiments and simulations show that while intracellular concentrations may be insufficient for global phase separation, sequestering protein ligands to slowly diffusing nucleation centers can move the cell into a different region of the phase diagram, resulting in localized phase separation. This diffusive capture mechanism liberates the cell from the constraints of global protein abundance and is likely exploited to pattern condensates associated with diverse biological processes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bracha, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walls, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, M.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurian, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toettcher, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brangwynne, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/283655</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mapping local and global liquid-liquid phase behavior in living cells using light-activated multivalent seeds]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/470963v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Simultaneous profiling of DNA methylation and chromatin architecture in mixed populations and in single cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/470963v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dynamic DNA methylation and three-dimensional chromatin architecture compose a major portion of a cells epigenome and play an essential role in tissue specific gene expression programs. Currently, DNA methylation and chromatin organization are generally profiled in separate assays. Here, we report Methyl-HiC, a method combining in situ Hi-C and whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) to simultaneously capture chromosome conformation and DNA methylome in a single assay. Methyl-HiC analysis of mouse embryonic stem cells reveals coordinated DNA methylation between distant yet spatially proximal genomic regions. Extension of Methyl-HiC to single cells further enables delineation of the heterogeneity of both chromosomal conformation and DNA methylation in a mixed cell population, and uncovers increased dynamics of chromatin contacts and decreased stochasticity in DNA methylation in genomic regions that replicate early during cell cycle.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kellis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/470963</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Simultaneous profiling of DNA methylation and chromatin architecture in mixed populations and in single cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/443887v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Highly Structured Homolog Pairing Reflects Functional Organization of the Drosophila Genome 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/443887v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Trans-homolog interactions encompass potent regulatory functions, which have been studied extensively in Drosophila, where homologs are paired in somatic cells and pairing-dependent gene regulation, or transvection, is well-documented. Nevertheless, the structure of pairing and whether its functional impact is genome-wide have eluded analysis. Accordingly, we generated a diploid cell line from divergent parents and applied haplotype-resolved Hi-C, discovering that homologs pair relatively precisely genome-wide in addition to establishing trans-homolog domains and compartments. We also elucidated the structure of pairing with unprecedented detail, documenting significant variation across the genome. In particular, we characterized two forms: tight pairing, consisting of contiguous small domains, and loose pairing, consisting of single larger domains. Strikingly, active genomic regions (A-type compartments, active chromatin, expressed genes) correlated with tight pairing, suggesting that pairing has a functional role genome-wide. Finally, using RNAi and haplotype-resolved Hi-C, we show that disruption of pairing-promoting factors results in global changes in pairing.nnOne Sentence SummaryHaplotype-resolved Hi-C reveals structures of homolog pairing and global implications for gene activity in hybrid PnM cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>AlHaj Abed, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erceg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goloborodko, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCole, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saylor, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fudenberg, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lajoie, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dekker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirny, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/443887</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Highly Structured Homolog Pairing Reflects Functional Organization of the Drosophila Genome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/386359v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Allele-specific RNA imaging shows that allelic imbalances can arise in tissues through transcriptional bursting 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/386359v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Extensive cell-to-cell variation exists even among putatively identical cells, and there is great interest in understanding how the properties of transcription relate to this heterogeneity. Differential expression from the two gene copies in diploid cells could potentially contribute, yet our ability to measure from which gene copy individual RNAs originated remains limited, particularly in the context of tissues. Here, we demonstrate quantitative, single molecule allele-specific RNA FISH adapted for use on tissue sections, allowing us to determine the chromosome of origin of individual RNA molecules in formaldehyde-fixed tissues. We used this method to visualize the allele-specific expression of Xist and multiple autosomal genes in mouse kidney. By combining these data with mathematical modeling, we evaluated models for allele-specific heterogeneity, in particular demonstrating that apparent expression from only one of the alleles in single cells can arise as a consequence of low-level mRNA abundance and transcriptional bursting.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Symmons, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mellis, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalish, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartolomei, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raj, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/386359</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Allele-specific RNA imaging shows that allelic imbalances can arise in tissues through transcriptional bursting]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/440974v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tibanna: software for scalable execution of portable pipelines on the cloud 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/440974v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SummaryWe introduce Tibanna, an open-source software tool for automated execution of bioinformatics pipelines on Amazon Web Services (AWS). Tibanna accepts reproducible and portable pipeline standards including Common Workflow Language (CWL), Workflow Description Language (WDL) and Docker. It adopts a strategy of isolation and optimization of individual executions, combined with a serverless scheduling approach. Pipelines are executed and monitored using local commands or the Python Application Programming Interface (API) and cloud configuration is automatically handled. Tibanna is well suited for projects with a range of computational requirements, including those with large and widely fluctuating loads. Notably, it has been used to process terabytes of data for the 4D Nucleome (4DN) Network.nnAvailabilitySource code is available on GitHub at https://github.com/4dn-dcic/tibanna.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vitzthum, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kırlı, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alver, B. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/440974</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tibanna: software for scalable execution of portable pipelines on the cloud]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/441444v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Antigen receptor locus dynamics is orchestrated near the sol-gel phase transition to enforce stepwise VDJ gene rearrangement 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/441444v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Diverse antibody repertoires are generated through remote genomic interactions involving immunoglobulin variable (VH), diversity (DH) and joining (JH) gene segments. How such interactions are orchestrated remains unknown. We developed a novel strategy to track VH-DHJH motion and interactions in live B-lymphocytes. We found that VH and DHJH segments were trapped in configurations that only allowed constrained local motion, such that spatially proximal VH and DHJH segments remained in proximity, whereas spatially remote segments explored their immediate neighborhood while remaining remote. Comparison of experimental and simulated data revealed that such a highly constrained motion was imposed by a network of cross-linked chromatin chains characteristic of a gel phase, yet it was poised near the sol phase, a solution of independent chromatin chains. We propose that epigenetically induced gel droplets and the proximity to the sol-gel phase transition constitute the mechanism that orchestrates ordered VDJ rearrangement.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Khanna, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dudko, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murre, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/441444</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Antigen receptor locus dynamics is orchestrated near the sol-gel phase transition to enforce stepwise VDJ gene rearrangement]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/450262v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Satb1 integrates DNA sequence, shape, motif density and torsional stress to differentially bind targets in nucleosome-dense regions. 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/450262v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Satb1 is a genome organizer that regulates multiple cellular and developmental processes. It is not yet clear how Satb1 selects different sets of targets throughout the genome. We used live-cell single molecule imaging and deep sequencing to assess determinants of Satb1 binding-site selectivity. We found that Satb1 preferentially targets nucleosome-dense regions and can directly bind consensus motifs within nucleosomes. Some genomic regions harbor multiple regularly spaced Satb1 binding motifs (typical separation [~]1 turn of the DNA helix), characterized by highly cooperative binding. The Satb1 homeodomain is dispensable for high-affinity binding but is essential for specificity. Finally, Satb1{Leftrightarrow}DNA interactions are mechanosensitive: increasing negative torsional stress in DNA enhances Satb1 binding and Satb1 stabilizes base unpairing regions (BURs) against melting by molecular machines. The ability of Satb1 to control diverse biological programs may reflect its ability to combinatorially use multiple site selection criteria.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>GHOSH, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>SHI, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>YANG, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>REDDICK, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>NIKITINA, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>ZHURKIN, V. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>FORDYCE, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>STASEVICH, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>CHANG, H. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>GREENLEAF, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LIPHARDT, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/450262</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Satb1 integrates DNA sequence, shape, motif density and torsional stress to differentially bind targets in nucleosome-dense regions.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/473553v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hi-C yields chromosome-length scaffolds for a legume genome, Trifolium subterraneum 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/473553v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We present a chromosome-length assembly of the genome of subterranean clover, Trifolium subterraneum, a key Australian pasture legume. Specifically, in situ Hi-C data (48X) was used to correct misjoins and anchor, order, and orient scaffolds in a previously published genome assembly (TSUd_r1.1; scaffold N50: 287kb). This resulted in an improved genome assembly (TrSub3; scaffold N50: 56Mb) containing eight chromosome-length scaffolds that span 95% of the sequenced bases in the input assembly.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dudchenko, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lui, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batra, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoeger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nyquist, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durand, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shamim, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Machol, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erskine, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aiden, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaur, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/473553</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hi-C yields chromosome-length scaffolds for a legume genome, Trifolium subterraneum]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/379016v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Memory sequencing reveals heritable single cell gene expression programs associated with distinct cellular behaviors 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/379016v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Non-genetic factors can cause individual cells to fluctuate substantially in gene expression levels over time. Yet it remains unclear whether these fluctuations can persist for much longer than the time of one cell division. Current methods for measuring gene expression in single cells mostly rely on single time point measurements, making the duration of gene expression fluctuations or cellular memory difficult to measure. Here, we report a method combining Luria and Delbrucks fluctuation analysis with population-based RNA sequencing (MemorySeq) for identifying genes transcriptome-wide whose fluctuations persist for several cell divisions. MemorySeq revealed multiple gene modules that are expressed together in rare cells within otherwise homogeneous clonal populations. Further, we found that these rare cell subpopulations are associated with biologically distinct behaviors, such as the ability to proliferate in the face of anti-cancer therapeutics, in different cancer cell lines. The identification of non-genetic, multigenerational fluctuations has the potential to reveal new forms of biological memory at the level of single cells and suggests that non-genetic heritability of cellular state may be a quantitative property.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shaffer, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emert, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sizemore, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupte, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torre, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bassett, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raj, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/379016</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Memory sequencing reveals heritable single cell gene expression programs associated with distinct cellular behaviors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/399139v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
EndoC-βH1 multi-genomic profiling defines gene regulatory programs governing human pancreatic β cell identity and function 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/399139v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
EndoC-{beta}H1 is emerging as a critical human beta cell model to study the genetic and environmental etiologies of beta cell function, especially in the context of diabetes. Comprehensive knowledge of its molecular landscape is lacking yet required to fully take advantage of this model. Here, we report extensive chromosomal (spectral karyotyping), genetic (genotyping), epigenetic (ChIP-seq, ATAC-seq), chromatin interaction (Hi-C, Pol2 ChIA-PET), and transcriptomic (RNA-seq, miRNA-seq) maps of this cell model. Integrated analyses of these maps define known (e.g., PDX1, ISL1) and putative (e.g., PCSK1, mir-375) beta cell-specific chromatin interactions and transcriptional cis-regulatory networks, and identify allelic effects on cis-regulatory element use and expression.nnImportantly, comparative analyses with maps generated in primary human islets/beta cells indicate substantial preservation of chromatin looping, but also highlight chromosomal heterogeneity and fetal genomic signatures in EndoC-{beta}H1. Together, these maps, and an interactive web application we have created for their exploration, provide important tools for the broad community in the design and success of experiments to probe and manipulate the genetic programs governing beta cell identity and (dys)function in diabetes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lawlor, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marquez, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orchard, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narisu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shamim, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thibodeau, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varshney, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kursawe, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erdos, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanke, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pak, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dutra, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russell, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piecuch, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chines, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuchbserger, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sethupathy, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aiden, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aiden, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collins, F. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ucar, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parker, S. C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stitzel, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/399139</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[EndoC-βH1 multi-genomic profiling defines gene regulatory programs governing human pancreatic β cell identity and function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/338053v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-throughput mapping of meiotic crossover and chromosome mis-segregation events in interspecific hybrid mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/338053v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We developed "sci-LIANTI", a high-throughput, high-coverage single-cell DNA sequencing method that combines single-cell combinatorial indexing ("sci") and linear amplification via transposon insertion ("LIANTI"). To characterize rare chromosome mis-segregation events in male meiosis and their relationship to the landscape of meiotic crossovers, we applied sci-LIANTI to profile the genomes of 6,928 sperm and sperm precursors from infertile, interspecific F1 male mice. From 1,663 haploid and 292 diploid cells, we mapped 24,672 crossover events and identified genomic and epigenomic contexts that influence crossover hotness. Surprisingly, we observed frequent mitotic chromosome segregation during meiosis. Moreover, segregation during meiosis in individual cells was highly biased towards either mitotic or meiotic events. We anticipate that sci-LIANTI can be applied to fully characterize various recombination landscapes, as well as to other fields requiring high-throughput, high-coverage single-cell genome sequencing.nnOne Sentence SummarySingle-cell genome sequencing maps crossover and non-meiotic chromosome segregation during spermatogenesis in interspecific hybrid mice.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berletch, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Disteche, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noble, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steemers, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adey, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shendure, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/338053</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-throughput mapping of meiotic crossover and chromosome mis-segregation events in interspecific hybrid mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/374058v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Walking along chromosomes with super-resolution imaging, contact maps, and integrative modeling 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/374058v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromosome structure is thought to be crucial for proper functioning of the nucleus. Here, we present a method for visualizing chromosomal DNA at super-resolution and then integrating Hi-C data to produce three-dimensional models of chromosome organization. We begin by applying Oligopaint probes and the single-molecule localization microscopy methods of OligoSTORM and OligoDNA-PAINT to image 8 megabases of human chromosome 19, discovering that chromosomal regions contributing to compartments can form distinct structures. Intriguingly, our data also suggest that homologous maternal and paternal regions may be differentially organized. Finally, we integrate imaging data with Hi-C and restraint-based modeling using a method called integrative modeling of genomic regions (IMGR) to increase the genomic resolution of our traces to 10 kb.nnOne Sentence SummarySuper-resolution genome tracing, contact maps, and integrative modeling enable 10 kb resolution glimpses of chromosome folding.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nir, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farabella, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez Estrada, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ebeling, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beliveau, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sasaki, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCole, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chattoraj, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erceg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>AlHaj Abed, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martins, N. M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, H. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hannan, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russell, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durand, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, S. S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kishi, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soler-Vila, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Pierro, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Onuchic, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Callahan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schreiner, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stuckey, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lieberman Aiden, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marti-Renom, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.- t.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/374058</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Walking along chromosomes with super-resolution imaging, contact maps, and integrative modeling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/411835v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MAPS: model-based analysis of long-range chromatin interactions from PLAC-seq and HiChIP experiments 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/411835v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hi-C and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) have been combined to identify long-range chromatin interactions genome-wide at reduced cost and enhanced resolution, but extracting the information from the resulting datasets has been challenging. Here we describe a computational method, MAPS, Model-based Analysis of PLAC-seq and HiChIP, to process the data from such experiments and identify long-range chromatin interactions. MAPS adopts a zero-truncated Poisson regression framework to explicitly remove systematic biases in the PLAC-seq and HiChIP datasets, and then uses the normalized chromatin contact frequencies to identify significant chromatin interactions anchored at genomic regions bound by the protein of interest. MAPS shows superior performance over existing software tools in analysis of chromatin interactions centered on cohesin, CTCF and H3K4me3 associated regions in multiple cell types. MAPS is freely available at https://github.com/ijuric/MAPS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Juric, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abnousi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raviram, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/411835</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MAPS: model-based analysis of long-range chromatin interactions from PLAC-seq and HiChIP experiments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/365866v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CTCF sites display cell cycle dependent dynamics in factor binding and nucleosome positioning 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/365866v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CTCF plays a key role in formation of topologically associating domains (TADs) and loops in interphase. During mitosis TADs are absent, but how TAD formation is dynamically controlled during the cell cycle is not known. Several contradicting observations have been made regarding CTCF binding to mitotic chromatin using both genomics and microscopy-based techniques. Here we have used 4 different assays to address this debate. First, using 5C we confirmed that TADs and CTCF loops are readily detected in interphase, but absent during prometaphase. Second, ATAC-seq analysis showed that CTCF sites display greatly reduced accessibility and lose the CTCF footprint in prometaphase, suggesting loss of CTCF binding and rearrangement of the nucleosomal array around the binding motif. In contrast, transcription start sites remain accessible in prometaphase, although adjacent nucleosomes can also become repositioned and occupy at least a subset of start sites during mitosis. Third, loss of site-specific CTCF binding was directly demonstrated using CUT&RUN. Histone modifications and histone variants are maintained in mitosis, suggesting a role in bookmarking of active CTCF sites. Finally, live-cell imaging, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and single molecule tracking showed that almost all CTCF chromatin binding is lost in prometaphase. Combined, our results demonstrate loss of CTCF binding to CTCF sites during prometaphase and rearrangement of the chromatin landscape around CTCF motifs. This contributes to loss of TADs and CTCF loops during mitosis, and reveals that CTCF sites, a key architectural cis-element of the genome, display cell cycle stage-dependent dynamics in factor binding and nucleosome positioning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Oomen, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darzacq, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dekker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/365866</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CTCF sites display cell cycle dependent dynamics in factor binding and nucleosome positioning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/325209v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cohesin interacts with a panoply of splicing factors required for cell cycle progression and genomic organization 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/325209v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cohesin complex regulates sister chromatid cohesion, chromosome organization, gene expression, and DNA repair. Here we report that endogenous human cohesin interacts with a panoply of splicing factors and RNA binding proteins, including diverse components of the U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP complex and several splicing factors that are commonly mutated in cancer. The interactions are enhanced during mitosis, and the interacting splicing factors and RNA binding proteins follow the cohesin cycle and prophase pathway of regulated interactions with chromatin. Depletion of cohesin-interacting splicing factors results in stereotyped cell cycle arrests and alterations in genomic organization. These data support the hypothesis that splicing factors and RNA binding proteins control cell cycle progression and genomic organization via regulated interactions with cohesin and chromatin.nnOne Sentence SummaryEndogenous tagging reveals that cohesin interacts with diverse chromatin-bound splicing factors that regulate cell cycle progression and genomic organization in human cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerard, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lane, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noble, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Budnik, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waldman, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/325209</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cohesin interacts with a panoply of splicing factors required for cell cycle progression and genomic organization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/364976v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-scale deep tensor factorization learns a latent representation of the human epigenome 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/364976v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human epigenome has been experimentally characterized by measurements of protein binding, chromatin acessibility, methylation, and histone modification in hundreds of cell types. The result is a huge compendium of data, consisting of thousands of measurements for every basepair in the human genome. These data are difficult to make sense of, not only for humans, but also for computational methods that aim to detect genes and other functional elements, predict gene expression, characterize polymorphisms, etc. To address this challenge, we propose a deep neural network tensor factorization method, Avocado, that compresses epigenomic data into a dense, information-rich representation of the human genome. We use data from the Roadmap Epigenomics Consortium to demonstrate that this learned representation of the genome is broadly useful: first, by imputing epigenomic data more accurately than previous methods, and second, by showing that machine learning models that exploit this representation outperform those trained directly on epigenomic data on a variety of genomics tasks. These tasks include predicting gene expression, promoter-enhancer interactions, replication timing, and an element of 3D chromatin architecture. Our findings suggest the broad utility of Avocados learned latent representation for computational genomics and epigenomics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schreiber, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durham, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bilmes, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noble, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/364976</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-scale deep tensor factorization learns a latent representation of the human epigenome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/443028v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The genome-wide, multi-layered architecture of chromosome pairing in early Drosophila embryos 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/443028v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome organization involves cis and trans chromosomal interactions, both implicated in gene regulation, development, and disease. Here, we focused on trans interactions in Drosophila, where homologous chromosomes are paired in somatic cells from embryogenesis through adulthood. We first addressed the long-standing question of whether pairing extends genome-wide and, to this end, developed a haplotype-resolved Hi-C approach that uses a new strategy to minimize homolog misassignment and thus robustly distinguish trans-homolog from cis contacts. This approach revealed striking genome-wide pairing in Drosophila embryos. Moreover, we discovered pairing to be surprisingly structured, with trans-homolog domains and interaction peaks, many coinciding with the positions of analogous cis features. We also found a significant correlation between pairing and the chromatin accessibility mediated by the pioneer factor Zelda. Our findings reveal a complex, highly structured organization underlying homolog pairing, first discovered more than a century ago.nnOne Sentence SummaryA robust approach for haplotype-resolved Hi-C reveals highly-structured homolog pairing in early stage Drosophila embryos.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Erceg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>AlHaj Abed, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goloborodko, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lajoie, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fudenberg, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdennur, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imakaev, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCole, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saylor, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joyce, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Senaratne, T. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hannan, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nir, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dekker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirny, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.-t.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/443028</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The genome-wide, multi-layered architecture of chromosome pairing in early Drosophila embryos]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/476424v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Limits of chromosome compaction by loop-extruding motors 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/476424v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During mitosis, human chromosomes are linearly compacted ~ 1000-fold by loop-extruding motors. Recent experiments have shown that condensins extrude DNA loops, but in a "one-sided" manner. We explore whether one-sided extrusion can compact chromosomes by developing a mean-field model for polymer compaction by motors that actively extrude loops and turnover. The model establishes an upper bound of only ~ 10-fold for compaction by one-sided extrusion. Thus, it cannot be the sole mechanism of chromosome compaction. However, other, effectively two-sided mechanisms can achieve sufficient compaction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Banigan, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirny, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/476424</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Limits of chromosome compaction by loop-extruding motors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/384982v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Condensin controls mitotic chromosome stiffness and stability without forming a structurally contiguous scaffold 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/384982v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During cell division, chromosomes must be folded into their compact mitotic form to ensure their segregation. This process is thought to be largely controlled by the action of condensin SMC protein complexes on chromatin fibers. However, how condensins organize metaphase chromosomes is not understood. We have combined micromanipulation of single human mitotic chromosomes, sub-nanonewton force measurement, siRNA interference of condensin subunit expression, and fluorescence microscopy, to analyze the role of condensin in large-scale chromosome organization. Condensin depletion leads to a dramatic (~10 fold) reduction in chromosome elastic stiffness relative to the native, non-depleted case. We also find that prolonged metaphase stalling of cells leads to overloading of chromosomes with condensin, with abnormally high chromosome stiffness. These results demonstrate that condensin is a main element controlling the stiffness of mitotic chromosomes. Isolated, slightly stretched chromosomes display a discontinuous condensing staining pattern, suggesting that condensins organize mitotic chromosomes by forming isolated compaction centers that do not form a continuous scaffold.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Marko, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biggs, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hornick, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/384982</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Condensin controls mitotic chromosome stiffness and stability without forming a structurally contiguous scaffold]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/505503v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Revealing Hi-C subcompartments by imputing high-resolution inter-chromosomal chromatin interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/505503v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The higher-order genome organization and its variation in different cellular conditions remains poorly understood. Recent high-resolution genome-wide mapping of chromatin interactions using Hi-C has revealed that chromosomes in the human genome are spatially segregated into distinct subcompartments. However, due to the requirement on sequencing coverage of the Hi-C data to define subcompartments, to date subcompartment annotation is only available in the GM12878 cell line, making it impractical to compare Hi-C subcompartment patterns across multiple cell types. Here we develop a new computational approach, named SO_SCPLOWNIPERC_SCPLOW, based on an autoencoder and multilayer perceptron classifier to infer subcompartments using typical Hi-C datasets with moderate coverage. We demonstrated that SO_SCPLOWNIPERC_SCPLOW can accurately reveal subcompartments based on Hi-C datasets with moderate coverage and can significantly outperform an existing method that uses numerous epigenomic datasets as input features in GM12878. We applied SO_SCPLOWNIPERC_SCPLOW to eight additional cell lines to identify the variation of Hi-C subcompartments across different cell types. SO_SCPLOWNIPERC_SCPLOW revealed that chromosomal regions with conserved and more dynamic subcompartment annotations across cell types have different patterns of functional genomic features. This work demonstrates that SO_SCPLOWNIPERC_SCPLOW is effective in identifying subcompartments without the need of high-coverage Hi-C data and has the potential to provide new insights into the spatial genome organization variation across different cell types.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xiong, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/505503</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Revealing Hi-C subcompartments by imputing high-resolution inter-chromosomal chromatin interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/495432v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An RNA-binding region regulates CTCF clustering and chromatin looping 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/495432v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mammalian genomes are folded into Topologically Associating Domains (TADs), consisting of cell-type specific chromatin loops anchored by CTCF and cohesin. Since CTCF and cohesin are expressed ubiquitously, how cell-type specific CTCF-mediated loops are formed poses a paradox. Here we show RNase-sensitive CTCF self-association in vitro and that an RNA-binding region (RBR) mediates CTCF clustering in vivo. Intriguingly, deleting the RBR abolishes or impairs almost half of all chromatin loops in mouse embryonic stem cells. Disrupted loop formation correlates with abrogated clustering and diminished chromatin binding of the RBR mutant CTCF protein, which in turn results in a failure to halt cohesin-mediated extrusion. Thus, CTCF loops fall into at least 2 classes: RBR-independent and RBR-dependent loops. We suggest that evidence for distinct classes of RBR-dependent loops may provide a mechanism for establishing cell-specific CTCF loops regulated by RNAs and other RBR partner.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hansen, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, T.-H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cattoglio, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pustova, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darzacq, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tjian, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/495432</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An RNA-binding region regulates CTCF clustering and chromatin looping]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/495457v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Guided nuclear exploration increases CTCF target search efficiency 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/495457v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mammalian genomes are enormous. For a DNA-binding protein, this means that the number of non-specific, off-target sites vastly exceeds the number of specific, cognate sites. How mammalian DNA-binding proteins overcome this challenge to efficiently locate their target sites is not known. Here through live-cell single-molecule tracking, we show that CCCTC-binding factor, CTCF, is repeatedly trapped in small zones in the nucleus in a manner that is largely dependent on its RNA-binding region (RBR). Integrating theory, we devise a new model, Anisotropic Diffusion through transient Trapping in Zones (ADTZ), to explain this. Functionally, transient RBR-mediated trapping increases the efficiency of CTCF target search by [~]2.5 fold. Since the RBR-domain also mediates CTCF clustering, our results suggest a "guided" mechanism where CTCF clusters concentrate diffusing CTCF proteins near cognate binding sites, thus increasing the local ON-rate. We suggest that local "guiding" may represent a general target search mechanism in mammalian cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hansen, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amitai, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cattoglio, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tjian, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darzacq, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/495457</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Guided nuclear exploration increases CTCF target search efficiency]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/375071v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transient DNA Binding Induces RNA Polymerase II Compartmentalization During Herpesviral Infection Distinct From Phase Separation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/375071v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During lytic infection, Herpes Simplex Virus 1 generates replication compartments (RCs) in host nuclei that efficiently recruit protein factors, including host RNA Polymerase II (Pol II). Pol II and other cellular factors form hubs in uninfected cells that are proposed to phase separate via multivalent protein-protein interactions mediated by their intrinsically disordered regions. Using a battery of live cell microscopic techniques, we show that although RCs superficially exhibit many characteristics of phase separation, the recruitment of Pol II instead derives from nonspecific interactions with the viral DNA. We find that the viral genome remains nucleosome-free, profoundly affecting the way Pol II explores RCs by causing it to repetitively visit nearby binding sites, thereby creating local Pol II accumulations. This mechanism, distinct from phase separation, allows viral DNA to outcompete host DNA for cellular proteins. Our work provides new insights into the strategies used to create local molecular hubs in cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McSwiggen, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marie-Nelly, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teves, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heckert, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dugast-Darzacq, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Umemoto, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tjian, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darzacq, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/375071</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transient DNA Binding Induces RNA Polymerase II Compartmentalization During Herpesviral Infection Distinct From Phase Separation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/542092v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MOCHI enables discovery of heterogeneous interactome modules in 3D nucleome 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/542092v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The composition of the cell nucleus is highly heterogeneous, with different constituents forming complex interactomes. However, the global patterns of these interwoven heterogeneous interactomes remain poorly understood. Here we focus on two different interactomes, chromatin interaction network and gene regulatory network, as a proof-of-principle, to identify heterogeneous interactome modules (HIMs) in the nucleus. Each HIM represents a cluster of gene loci that are in spatial contact more frequently than expected and that are regulated by the same group of transcription factor proteins. We develop a new algorithm MOCHI to facilitate the discovery of HIMs based on network motif clustering in heterogeneous interactomes. By applying MOCHI to five different cell types, we found that HIMs have strong spatial preference within the nucleus and exhibit distinct functional properties. Through integrative analysis, this work demonstrates the utility of MOCHI to identify HIMs, which may provide new perspectives on 3D genome organization and function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tian, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/542092</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MOCHI enables discovery of heterogeneous interactome modules in 3D nucleome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/552505v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparing 3D genome organization in multiple species using Phylo-HMRF 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/552505v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent developments in whole-genome mapping approaches for the chromatin interactome (such as Hi-C) have offered new insights into 3D genome organization. However, our knowledge of the evolutionary patterns of 3D genome structures in mammalian species remains surprisingly limited. In particular, there are no existing phylogenetic-model based methods to analyze chromatin interactions as continuous features across different species. Here we develop a new probabilistic model, named phylogenetic hidden Markov random field (Phylo-HMRF), to identify evolutionary patterns of 3D genome structures based on multi-species Hi-C data by jointly utilizing spatial constraints among genomic loci and continuous-trait evolutionary models. The effectiveness of Phylo-HMRF is demonstrated in both simulation evaluation and application to real Hi-C data. We used Phylo-HMRF to uncover cross-species 3D genome patterns based on Hi-C data from the same cell type in four primate species (human, chimpanzee, bonobo, and gorilla). The identified evolutionary patterns of 3D genome organization correlate with features of genome structure and function, including long-range interactions, topologically-associating domains (TADs), and replication timing patterns. This work provides a new framework that utilizes general types of spatial constraints to identify evolutionary patterns of continuous genomic features and has the potential to reveal the evolutionary principles of 3D genome organization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/552505</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparing 3D genome organization in multiple species using Phylo-HMRF]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/555250v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chromatin compartment dynamics in a haploinsufficient model of cardiac laminopathy 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/555250v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pathogenic mutations in A-type nuclear lamins cause dilated cardiomyopathy, which is postulated to result from dysregulated gene expression due to changes in chromatin organization into active and inactive compartments. To test this, we performed genome-wide chromosome conformation analyses (Hi-C) in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) with a haploinsufficient mutation for lamin A/C. Compared to gene-corrected cells, mutant hiPSC-CMs have marked electrophysiological and contractile alterations, with modest gene expression changes. While large-scale changes in chromosomal topology are evident, differences in chromatin compartmentalization are limited to a few hotspots that escape inactivation during cardiogenesis. These regions exhibit upregulation of multiple non-cardiac genes including CACNA1A, encoding for neuronal P/Q-type calcium channels. Pharmacological inhibition of the resulting current partially mitigates the electrical alterations. On the other hand, A/B compartment changes do not explain most gene expression alterations in mutant hiPSC-CMs. We conclude that global errors in chromosomal compartmentation are not the primary pathogenic mechanism in heart failure due to lamin A/C haploinsufficiency.

SummaryBertero et al. observe that lamin A/C haploinsufficiency in human cardiomyocytes markedly alters electrophysiology, contractility, gene expression, and chromosomal topology. Contrary to expectations, however, changes in chromatin compartments involve just few regions, and most dysregulated genes lie outside these hotspots.

Condensed titleGenomic effects of lamin A/C haploinsufficiency
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bertero, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fields, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leonard, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beussman, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sniadecki, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, D.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tse, H.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pabon, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shendure, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noble, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murry, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/555250</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chromatin compartment dynamics in a haploinsufficient model of cardiac laminopathy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/554337v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Localization microscopy at doubled precision with patterned illumination 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/554337v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MINFLUX offers a breakthrough in single molecule localization precision, but suffers from a tiny field-of-view and a lack of practical parallelism. Here, we combine centroid estimation and illumination pattern induced photon count variations in a conventional widefield imaging setup to extract position information over a typical micron sized field-of-view. We show a near twofold improvement in precision over standard localization with the same photon count on DNA-origami nano-structures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cnossen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hinsdale, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thorsen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schueder, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jungmann, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rieger, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stallinga, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/554337</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Localization microscopy at doubled precision with patterned illumination]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/557660v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cooler: scalable storage for Hi-C data andother genomically-labeled arrays 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/557660v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most existing coverage-based (epi)genomic datasets are one-dimensional, but newer technologies probing interactions (physical, genetic, etc.) produce quantitative maps with two-dimensional genomic coordinate systems. Storage and computational costs mount sharply with data resolution when such maps are stored in dense form. Hence, there is a pressing need to develop data storage strategies that handle the full range of useful resolutions in multidimensional genomic datasets by taking advantage of their sparse nature, while supporting efficient compression and providing fast random access to facilitate development of scalable algorithms for data analysis. We developed a file format called cooler, based on a sparse data model, that can support genomically-labeled matrices at any resolution. It has the flexibility to accommodate various descriptions of the data axes (genomic coordinates, tracks and bin annotations), resolutions, data density patterns, and metadata. Cooler is based on HDF5 and is supported by a Python library and command line suite to create, read, inspect and manipulate cooler data collections. The format has been adopted as a standard by the NIH 4D Nucleome Consortium. Cooler is cross-platform, BSD-licensed, and can be installed from the Python Package Index or the bioconda repository. The source code is maintained on Github at https://github.com/mirnylab/cooler.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Abdennur, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirny, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/557660</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cooler: scalable storage for Hi-C data andother genomically-labeled arrays]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/560425v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Absolute quantification of cohesin, CTCF and their regulators in human cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/560425v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The organisation of mammalian genomes into loops and topologically associating domains (TADs) contributes to chromatin structure, gene expression and recombination. Loops and TADs are formed by cohesin and positioned by CTCF. In proliferating cells, cohesin also mediates sister chromatid cohesion, which is essential for chromosome segregation. Current models of chromatin folding and cohesion are based on assumptions of how many cohesin and CTCF molecules organise the genome. Here we have measured absolute copy numbers and dynamics of cohesin, CTCF, NIPBL, WAPL and sororin by mass spectrometry, fluorescence-correlation spectroscopy and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching in HeLa cells. In G1-phase there are ~245,000 cohesin complexes, of which ~139,000 are on chromatin. Comparison with chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing data implies that some genomic cohesin and CTCF enrichment sites are unoccupied in single cells at any one time. We discuss the implications of these findings for how cohesin can contribute to genome organisation and cohesion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Holzmann, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Politi, A. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagasaka, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hantsche-Grininger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walther, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koch, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuchs, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dürnberger, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ladurner, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stocsits, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Busslinger, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novak, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mechtler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, I. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellenberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/560425</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Absolute quantification of cohesin, CTCF and their regulators in human cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/370650v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Architectural Features of 3D Genome Organization Revealed by Counting CTCF and Cohesin Molecules 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/370650v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Achieving a quantitative and predictive understanding of 3D genome architecture remains a major challenge, as it requires quantitative measurements of the key proteins involved. Here we report the quantification of CTCF and cohesin, two causal regulators of topologically associating domains (TADs) in mammalian cells. Extending our previous imaging studies (Hansen et al., 2017), we estimate bounds on the density of putatively DNA loop-extruding cohesin complexes and CTCF binding site occupancy. Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation studies of an endogenously tagged subunit (Rad21) suggest the presence of cohesin dimers and/or oligomers. Finally, based on our cell lines with accurately measured protein abundances, we report a method to conveniently determine the number of molecules of any Halo-tagged protein in the cell. We anticipate that our results and the established tool for measuring cellular protein abundances will advance a more quantitative understanding of 3D genome organization, and facilitate protein quantification, key to comprehend diverse biological processes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cattoglio, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pustova, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Inouye, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dailey, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darzacq, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tjian, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/370650</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Architectural Features of 3D Genome Organization Revealed by Counting CTCF and Cohesin Molecules]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/597518v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Peax: Interactive Visual Pattern Search in Sequential Data Using Unsupervised Deep Representation Learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/597518v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We present PO_SCPLOWEAXC_SCPLOW, a novel feature-based technique for interactive visual pattern search in sequential data, like time series or data mapped to a genome sequence. Visually searching for patterns by similarity is often challenging because of the large search space, the visual complexity of patterns, and the users perception of similarity. For example, in genomics, researchers try to link patterns in multivariate sequential data to cellular or pathogenic processes, but a lack of ground truth and high variance makes automatic pattern detection unreliable. We have developed a convolutional autoencoder for unsupervised representation learning of regions in sequential data that can capture more visual details of complex patterns compared to existing similarity measures. Using this learned representation as features of the sequential data, our accompanying visual query system enables interactive feedback-driven adjustments of the pattern search to adapt to the users perceived similarity. Using an active learning sampling strategy, PO_SCPLOWEAXC_SCPLOW collects user-generated binary relevance feedback. This feedback is used to train a model for binary classification, to ultimately find other regions that exhibit patterns similar to the search target. We demonstrate PO_SCPLOWEAXC_SCPLOWs features through a case study in genomics and report on a user study with eight domain experts to assess the usability and usefulness of PO_SCPLOWEAXC_SCPLOW. Moreover, we evaluate the effectiveness of the learned feature representation for visual similarity search in two additional user studies. We find that our models retrieve significantly more similar patterns than other commonly used techniques.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lekschas, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peterson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haehn, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gehlenborg, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pfister, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/597518</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Peax: Interactive Visual Pattern Search in Sequential Data Using Unsupervised Deep Representation Learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/592741v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Common DNA sequence variation influences 3-dimensional conformation of the human genome 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/592741v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The 3-dimensional (3D) conformation of chromatin inside the nucleus is integral to a variety of nuclear processes including transcriptional regulation, DNA replication, and DNA damage repair. Aberrations in 3D chromatin conformation have been implicated in developmental abnormalities and cancer. Despite the importance of 3D chromatin conformation to cellular function and human health, little is known about how 3D chromatin conformation varies in the human population, or whether DNA sequence variation between individuals influences 3D chromatin conformation. To address these questions, we performed Hi-C on Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines (LCLs) from 20 individuals. We identified thousands of regions across the genome where 3D chromatin conformation varies between individuals and found that this conformational variation is often accompanied by variation in gene expression, histone modifications, and transcription factor (TF) binding. Moreover, we found that DNA sequence variation influences several features of 3D chromatin conformation including loop strength, contact insulation, contact directionality and density of local cis contacts. We mapped hundreds of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) associated with 3D chromatin features and found evidence that some of these same variants are associated at modest levels with other molecular phenotypes as well as complex disease risk. Our results demonstrate that common DNA sequence variants can influence 3D chromatin conformation, pointing to a more pervasive role for 3D chromatin conformation in human phenotypic variation than previously recognized.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gorkin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fletez-Brant, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmitt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noor, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaulton, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sebat, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/592741</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Common DNA sequence variation influences 3-dimensional conformation of the human genome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/582668v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nuclear pores as versatile reference standards for quantitative superresolution microscopy 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/582668v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Quantitative fluorescence and superresolution microscopy are often limited by insufficient data quality or artifacts. In this context, it is essential to have biologically relevant control samples to benchmark and optimize the quality of microscopes, labels and imaging conditions.nnHere we exploit the stereotypic arrangement of proteins in the nuclear pore complex as in situ reference structures to characterize the performance of a variety of microscopy modalities. We created four genome edited cell lines in which we endogenously labeled the nucleoporin Nup96 with mEGFP, SNAP-tag or HaloTag or the photoconvertible fluorescent protein mMaple. We demonstrate their use a) as 3D resolution standards for calibration and quality control, b) to quantify absolute labeling efficiencies and c) as precise reference standards for molecular counting.nnThese cell lines will enable the broad community to assess the quality of their microscopes and labels, and to perform quantitative, absolute measurements.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Thevathasan, J. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kahnwald, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cieslinski, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoess, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peneti, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reitberger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heid, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kasuba, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoerner, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mund, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matti, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pereira, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henriques, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nijmeijer-Winter, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kueblbeck, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jimenez Sabinina, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellenberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ries, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/582668</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nuclear pores as versatile reference standards for quantitative superresolution microscopy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/579961v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Direct visualization of single nuclear pore complex proteins using genetically-encoded probes for DNA-PAINT 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/579961v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Nuclear Pore Complex (NPC) is one of the largest and most complex protein assemblies in the cell and - among other functions - serves as the gatekeeper of nucleocytoplasmic transport. Unraveling its molecular architecture and functioning has been an active research topic for decades with recent cryogenic electron microscopy and superresolution studies advancing our understanding of the NPC's complex architecture. However, the specific and direct visualization of single copies of NPC proteins and thus the ability to observe single-molecule heterogeneities of these complex structures is thus far elusive. Here, we combine genetically-encoded self-labeling enzymes such as SNAP-tag and HaloTag with DNA-PAINT microscopy. We employ the high localization precision in DNA-PAINT and molecular contrast of these protein tags to optically resolve single copies of nucleoporins in the human Y-complex in three dimensions with a precision of ~3 nm. This technological advancement now enables structural studies of multicomponent complexes on the level of single proteins in cells using optical fluorescence microscopy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schlichthaerle, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strauss, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schueder, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Auer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nijmeijer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kueblbeck, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jimenez Sabinina, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ries, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellenberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jungmann, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/579961</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Direct visualization of single nuclear pore complex proteins using genetically-encoded probes for DNA-PAINT]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/604298v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcription amplification by nuclear speckle association 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/604298v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A significant fraction of active chromosome regions and genes reproducibly position near nuclear speckles, but the functional significance of this positioning is unknown. Here we show that Hsp70 BAC transgenes and endogenous genes turn on 2-4 mins after heat shock irrespective of their distance to nuclear speckles. However, we observe 12-56-fold and 3-7-fold higher transcription levels for speckle-associated Hsp70 transgenes and endogenous genes, respectively, after 1-2 hrs heat shock. Several fold higher transcription levels for several genes flanking the Hsp70 locus also correlate with speckle-association at 37 {degrees}C. Live-cell imaging reveals this modulation of Hsp70 transcription temporally correlates with speckle association/disassociation. Our results demonstrate stochastic gene expression dependent on positioning relative to a liquid-droplet nuclear compartment through a "transcriptional amplification" mechanism distinct from transcriptional bursting.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khanna, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belmont, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/604298</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcription amplification by nuclear speckle association]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/604280v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RNA polymerases as moving barriers to condensin loop extrusion 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/604280v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To separate replicated sister chromatids during mitosis, eukaryotes and prokaryotes have structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) condensin complexes that were recently shown to organize chromosomes by a process known as DNA loop extrusion. In rapidly dividing bacterial cells, the process of separating sister chromatids occurs concomitantly with ongoing transcription. How transcription interferes with the condensin loop extrusion process is largely unexplored, but recent experiments show that sites of high transcription may directionally affect condensin loop extrusion. We quantitatively investigate different mechanisms of interaction between condensin and elongating RNA polymerases (RNAP) and find that RNAPs are likely steric barriers that can push and interact with condensins. Supported by new Hi-C and ChIP-seq data for cells after transcription inhibition and RNAP degradation, we argue that translocating condensins must bypass transcribing RNAPs within ~2 seconds of an encounter at rRNA genes and within ~10 seconds at protein coding genes. Thus, while individual RNAPs have little effect on the progress of loop extrusion, long, highly transcribed operons can significantly impede the extrusion process. Our data and quantitative models further suggest that bacterial condensin loop extrusion occurs by two independent, uncoupled motor activities; the motors translocate on DNA in opposing directions and function together to enlarge chromosomal loops, each independently bypassing steric barriers in their path. Our study provides a quantitative link between transcription and 3D genome organization and proposes a mechanism of interactions between SMC complexes and elongating transcription machinery relevant from bacteria to higher eukaryotes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brandao, H. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van den Berg, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rudner, D. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirny, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/604280</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RNA polymerases as moving barriers to condensin loop extrusion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/613034v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ChIA-DropBox: a novel analysis and visualization pipeline for multiplex chromatin interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/613034v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ChIA-Drop is a new experimental method for mapping multiplex chromatin interactions with single-molecule precision by barcoding chromatin complexes inside microfluidics droplets, followed by pooled DNA sequencing. The chromatin DNA reads with the same droplet-specific barcodes are inferred to be derived from the same chromatin interaction complex. Here, we describe an integrated computational pipeline, named ChIA-DropBox, that is specifically designed for reconstructing chromatin reads in each droplet and refining multiplex chromatin complexes from raw ChIA-Drop sequencing reads, and then visualizing the results. First, ChIA-DropBox maps and filters sequencing reads, and then reconstructs the "chromatin droplets" by parsing the barcode sequences and grouping together chromatin reads with the same barcode. Based on the concept of chromosome territories that most chromatin interactions take place within the same chromosome, potential mixing up of chromatin complexes derived from different chromosomes could be readily identified and separated. Accordingly, ChIA-DropBox refines these "chromatin droplets" into purely intra-chromosomal chromatin complexes, ready for downstream analysis. For visualization, ChIA-DropBox converts the ChIA-Drop data to pairwise format and automatically generates input files for viewing 2D contact maps in Juicebox and viewing loops in BASIC Browser. Finally, ChIA-DropBox introduces a new browser, named ChIA-View, for interactive visualization of multiplex chromatin interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tian, S. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Capurso, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/613034</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ChIA-DropBox: a novel analysis and visualization pipeline for multiplex chromatin interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/486415v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of new transmembrane proteins concentrated at the nuclear envelope using organellar proteomics of mesenchymal cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/486415v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The nuclear envelope (NE) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) subdomain that contains characteristic components dedicated to nuclear functions. These include nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) - the channels for nucleocytoplasmic transport, and the nuclear lamina (NL) - a scaffold for NE and chromatin organization at the nuclear periphery. Since numerous human diseases associated with NE/NL proteins occur in mesenchyme-derived cells, a more comprehensive characterization of proteins concentrated at the NE in these cell types is warranted. Accordingly, we used proteomics to analyze NE and other subcellular fractions isolated from mesenchymal stem cells and from differentiated adipocytes and myocytes. We evaluated the proteomics datasets to calculate relative protein enrichment in the NE fraction, using a spectral abundance-based scoring system that accurately described most benchmark proteins. We then examined five high-scoring transmembrane proteins expressed in all three cell types that were not previously known to be enriched at the NE. Using quantitative immunofluorescence microscopy to track ectopically expressed proteins, we validated that all five of these components are substantially concentrated at the NE of multiple cell types. One (Itprip) is exposed to the outer nuclear membrane, a second (Smpd4) is enriched at the NPC, and the three others (Mfsd10, Tmx4, and Arl6ip6) are suggested to reside in the inner nuclear membrane. Considering their sequences and other features, these proteins provide new focal points for studying the functions and membrane dynamics of the NE. Our datasets should be useful for identifying additional NE-concentrated proteins, and for evaluating candidates that are identified in screening.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cheng, L.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baboo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindsay, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brusman, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez-Bartolome, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tapia, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yates, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerace, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/486415</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of new transmembrane proteins concentrated at the nuclear envelope using organellar proteomics of mesenchymal cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/642322v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spring Model - chromatin modeling tool based on OpenMM 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/642322v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromatin structures modelling is a rapidly developing field. Parallel to the enormous growth of available experimental data, there is a growing need of building and visualizing 3D structures of nuclei, chromosomes, chromatin domains, and single loops associated with particular genes locus. Here we present a tool for chromatin domain modeling. It is available as a webserver and standalone python script. Our tool is based on molecular mechanics. It uses OpenMM engine for building models. In this method, the user has to provide contacts and will obtain 3D structure that satisfies these contacts. Additional extra parameters allow controlling fibre stiffness, type of initial structure, resolution. There are also options for structure refinement, and modelling in a spherical container. A user may provide contacts using beads indices, or paste interactions in genome coordinates from BEDPE file. After modelling user is able to download the structure in Protein Data Bank (PDB) file format for further analysis.nnWe dedicate this tool for all who are interested in chromatin structures. It is suitable for quick visualization of datasets, studying the impact of structural variants (SVs), inspecting the effects of adding and removing particular contacts, measuring features like maximum distances between certain sites (e.g. promotor-enhancer) or local density of chromatin.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kadlof, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rozycka, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plewczynski, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/642322</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spring Model - chromatin modeling tool based on OpenMM]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/621920v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Super resolution imaging of a distinct chromatin loop in human lymphoblastoid cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/621920v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The three-dimensional genome structure plays a fundamental role in gene regulation and cellular functions. Recent studies in genomics based on sequencing technologies inferred the very basic functional chromatin folding structures of the genome known as chromatin loops, the long-range chromatin interactions that are often mediated by protein factors. To visualize the looping structure of chromatin we applied super-resolution microscopy iPALM to image a specific chromatin loop in GM12878 cells. Totally, we have generated six images of the target chromatin region at the single molecule resolution. To infer the chromatin structures from the captured images, we modeled them as looping conformations using different computational algorithms and then evaluated the models by comparing with Hi-C data to examine the concordance. The results showed a good correlation between the imaging data and sequencing data, suggesting the visualization of higher-order chromatin structures for the very short genomic segments can be realized by microscopic imaging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ruan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plewczynski, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parteka, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szalaj, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jodkowska, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arron, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chew, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/621920</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Super resolution imaging of a distinct chromatin loop in human lymphoblastoid cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/657080v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HiNT: a computational method for detecting copy number variations and translocations from Hi-C data 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/657080v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The three-dimensional conformation of a genome can be profiled using Hi-C, a technique that combines chromatin conformation capture with high-throughput sequencing. However, structural variations (SV) often yield features that can be mistaken for chromosomal interactions. Here, we describe a computational method HiNT (Hi-C for copy Number variation and Translocation detection), which detects copy number variations and inter-chromosomal translocations within Hi-C data with breakpoints at single base-pair resolution. We demonstrate that HiNT outperforms existing methods on both simulated and real data. We also show that Hi-C can supplement whole-genome sequencing in SV detection by locating breakpoints in repetitive regions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walsh, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alver, B. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/657080</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HiNT: a computational method for detecting copy number variations and translocations from Hi-C data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/644294v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inferring diploid 3D chromatin structures from Hi-C data 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/644294v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The 3D organization of the genome plays a key role in many cellular processes, such as gene regulation, differentiation, and replication. Assays like Hi-C measure DNA-DNA contacts in a high-throughput fashion, and inferring accurate 3D models of chromosomes can yield insights hidden in the raw data. For example, structural inference can account for noise in the data, disambiguate the distinct structures of homologous chromosomes, orient genomic regions relative to nuclear landmarks, and serve as a framework for integrating other data types. Although many methods exist to infer the 3D structure of haploid genomes, inferring a diploid structure from Hi-C data is still an open problem. Indeed, the diploid case is very challenging, because Hi-C data typically does not distinguish between homologous chromosomes. We propose a method to infer 3D diploid genomes from Hi-C data. We demonstrate the accuarcy of the method on simulated data, and we also use the method to infer 3D structures for mouse chromosome X, confirming that the active homolog exhibits a bipartite structure, whereas the active homolog does not.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cauer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yardimci, G. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vert, J.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varoquaux, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noble, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/644294</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inferring diploid 3D chromatin structures from Hi-C data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/644310v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Jointly embedding multiple single-cell omics measurements 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/644310v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many single-cell sequencing technologies are now available, but it is still difficult to apply multiple sequencing technologies to the same single cell. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised manifold alignment algorithm, MMD-MA, for integrating multiple measurements carried out on disjoint aliquots of a given population of cells. Effectively, MMD-MA performs an in silico co-assay by embedding cells measured in different ways into a learned latent space. In the MMD-MA algorithm, single-cell data points from multiple domains are aligned by optimizing an objective function with three components: (1) a maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) term to encourage the differently measured points to have similar distributions in the latent space, (2) a distortion term to preserve the structure of the data between the input space and the latent space, and (3) a penalty term to avoid collapse to a trivial solution. Notably, MMD-MA does not require any correspondence information across data modalities, either between the cells or between the features. Furthermore, MMD-MAs weak distributional requirements for the domains to be aligned allow the algorithm to integrate heterogeneous types of single cell measures, such as gene expression, DNA accessibility, chromatin organization, methylation, and imaging data. We demonstrate the utility of MMD-MA in simulation experiments and using a real data set involving single-cell gene expression and methylation data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yardimci, G. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noble, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/644310</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Jointly embedding multiple single-cell omics measurements]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/687236v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Trans- and cis-acting effects of the lncRNA Firre on epigenetic and structural features of the inactive X chromosome 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/687236v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Firre encodes a lncRNA involved in nuclear organization in mammals. Here we find that Firre RNA is transcribed from the active X chromosome (Xa) and exerts trans-acting effects on the inactive X chromosome (Xi). Allelic deletion of Firre on the Xa in a mouse hybrid fibroblast cell line results in a dramatic loss of the histone modification H3K27me3 and of components of the PRC2 complex on the Xi as well as the disruption of the perinucleolar location of the Xi. These features are measurably rescued by ectopic expression of a mouse or human Firre/FIRRE cDNA transgene, strongly supporting a conserved trans-acting role of the Firre transcript in maintaining the Xi heterochromatin environment. Surprisingly, CTCF occupancy is decreased on the Xi upon loss of Firre RNA, but is partially recovered by ectopic transgene expression, suggesting a functional link between Firre RNA and CTCF in maintenance of epigenetic features and/or location of the Xi. Loss of Firre RNA results in dysregulation of genes implicated in cell division and development, but not in reactivation of genes on the Xi, which retains its bipartite structure despite some changes in chromatin contact distribution. Allelic deletion or inversion of Firre on the Xi causes localized redistribution of chromatin contacts, apparently dependent on the orientation of CTCF binding sites clustered at the locus. Thus, the Firre locus and its RNA have roles in the maintenance of epigenetic features and structure of the Xi.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>FANG, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonora, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewandowski, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thakur, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Filippova, G. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henikoff, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shendure, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rinn, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noble, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Disteche, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/687236</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Trans- and cis-acting effects of the lncRNA Firre on epigenetic and structural features of the inactive X chromosome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/626853v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Photoactivation of silicon rhodamines via a light-induced protonation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/626853v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We present a new type of photoactivatable fluorophore that forms a bright silicon rhodamine derivative through a light-dependent isomerization followed by protonation. In contrast to other photoactivatable fluorophores, no caging groups are required, nor are there any undesired side-products released. Using this photoactivatable fluorophore, we created probes for HaloTag and actin for live-cell single-molecule localization microscopy and single-particle tracking experiments. The unusual mechanism of photoactivation and the fluorophores outstanding spectroscopic properties make it a powerful tool for live-cell super-resolution microscopy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Frei, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoess, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lampe, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nijmeijer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kueblbeck, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellenberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ries, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pitsch, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reymond, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnsson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/626853</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Photoactivation of silicon rhodamines via a light-induced protonation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/683557v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chemogenetic control of nanobodies 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/683557v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We introduce an engineered nanobody whose affinity to green fluorescent protein (GFP) can be switched on and off with small molecules. By controlling the cellular localization of GFP fusion proteins, the engineered nanobody allows to study their role in basic biological processes, an approach that should be applicable to numerous previously described GFP fusions. We also outline how the binding affinities of other nanobodies can be controlled by small molecules.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Farrants, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tarnawski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Müller, T. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Otsuka, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hiblot, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koch, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kueblbeck, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kräusslich, H.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellenberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnsson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/683557</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chemogenetic control of nanobodies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/708024v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Versatile multi-transgene expression using improved BAC TG-EMBED toolkit, novel BAC episomes, and BAC-MAGIC 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/708024v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Achieving reproducible, stable, and high-level transgene expression in mammalian cells remains problematic. Previously, we attained copy-number-dependent, chromosome-position-independent expression of reporter minigenes by embedding them within a BAC containing the mouse Msh3-Dhfr locus (DHFR BAC). Here we extend this "BAC TG-EMBED" approach. First, we report a toolkit of endogenous promoters capable of driving transgene expression over a 0.01-5 fold expression range relative to the CMV promoter, allowing fine-tuning of relative expression levels of multiple reporter genes expressed on a single BAC. Second, we show small variability in both the expression level and long-term expression stability of a reporter gene embedded in BACs containing either transcriptionally active or inactive genomic regions, making choice of BACs more flexible. Third, we describe an intriguing phenomenon in which BAC transgenes are maintained as episomes in a large fraction of stably selected clones. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of BAC TG-EMBED by simultaneously labeling three nuclear compartments in 94% of stable clones using a multi-reporter DHFR BAC, constructed with a combination of synthetic biology and BAC recombineering tools. Our extended BAC TG-EMBED method provides a versatile platform for achieving reproducible, stable simultaneous expression of multiple transgenes maintained either as episomes or stably integrated copies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaturvedi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimmerman, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belmont, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/708024</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Versatile multi-transgene expression using improved BAC TG-EMBED toolkit, novel BAC episomes, and BAC-MAGIC]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/712950v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamic changes in RNA-chromatin interactome promote endothelial dysfunction 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/712950v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromatins are pervasively attached by RNAs. Here, we asked whether global RNA-chromatin contacts are altered in a given cell type in a disease context, and whether these alterations impact gene expression and cell function. In endothelial cells (ECs) treated by high-glucose and TNF, we employed single-cell RNA-sequencing and in situ mapping of RNA-genome interaction (iMARGI) assay to delineate temporal changes in transcriptome and RNA-chromatin interactome. ECs displayed dramatic and heterogeneous changes in single cell transcriptome, accompanied by a dynamic and strong increase in inter-chromosomal RNA-DNA interactions, particularly among super enhancers (SEs). These SEs overlap with genes contributing to inflammatory response and endothelial mesenchymal transition (EndoMT), two key aspects of endothelial dysfunction. Perturbation of a high-glucose and TNF-activated interaction involving SEs overlapping LINC00607 and SERPINE1 attenuated the pro-inflammatory and pro-EndoMT gene induction and EC dysfunction. Our findings highlight RNA-chromatin contacts as a crucial regulatory feature in biological and disease processes, exemplified by endothelial dysfunction, a major mediator of numerous diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Calandrelli, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sriram, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Natarajan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/712950</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamic changes in RNA-chromatin interactome promote endothelial dysfunction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/704957v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Compartment-dependent chromatin interaction dynamics revealed by liquid chromatin Hi-C 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/704957v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromosomes are folded so that active and inactive chromatin domains are spatially segregated. Compartmentalization is thought to occur through polymer phase/microphase separation mediated by interactions between loci of similar type. The nature and dynamics of these interactions are not known. We developed liquid chromatin Hi-C to map the stability of associations between loci. Before fixation and Hi-C, chromosomes are fragmented removing the strong polymeric constraint to enable detection of intrinsic locus-locus interaction stabilities. Compartmentalization is stable when fragments are over 10-25 kb. Fragmenting chromatin into pieces smaller than 6 kb leads to gradual loss of genome organization. Dissolution kinetics of chromatin interactions vary for different chromatin domains. Lamin-associated domains are most stable, while interactions among speckle and polycomb-associated loci are more dynamic. Cohesin-mediated loops dissolve after fragmentation, possibly because cohesin rings slide off nearby DNA ends. Liquid chromatin Hi-C provides a genome-wide view of chromosome interaction dynamics.nnHighlightsO_LILiquid chromatin Hi-C detects chromatin interaction dissociation rates genome-widenC_LIO_LIChromatin conformations in distinct nuclear compartments differ in stabilitynC_LIO_LIStable heterochromatic associations are major drivers of chromatin phase separationnC_LIO_LICTCF-CTCF loops are stabilized by encirclement of loop bases by cohesin ringsnC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Belaghzal, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borrman, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stephens, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lafontaine, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venev, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marko, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dekker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/704957</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Compartment-dependent chromatin interaction dynamics revealed by liquid chromatin Hi-C]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/678474v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A chromosome folding intermediate at the condensin-to-cohesin transition during telophase 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/678474v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromosome folding is extensively modulated as cells progress through the cell cycle. During mitosis, condensin complexes fold chromosomes in helically arranged nested loop arrays. In interphase, the cohesin complex generates loops that can be stalled at CTCF sites leading to positioned loops and topologically associating domains (TADs), while a separate process of compartmentalization drives the spatial segregation of active and inactive chromatin domains. We used synchronized cell cultures to determine how the mitotic chromosome conformation is transformed into the interphase state. Using Hi-C, chromatin binding assays, and immunofluorescence we show that by telophase condensin-mediated loops are lost and a transient folding intermediate devoid of most loops forms. By late telophase, cohesin-mediated CTCF-CTCF loops and positions of TADs start to emerge rapidly. Compartment boundaries are also established in telophase, but long-range compartmentalization is a slow process and proceeds for several hours after cells enter G1. Our results reveal the kinetics and order of events by which the interphase chromosome state is formed and identify telophase as a critical transition between condensin and cohesin driven chromosome folding.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Abramo, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valton, A.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venev, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozadam, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fox, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dekker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/678474</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A chromosome folding intermediate at the condensin-to-cohesin transition during telophase]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/727768v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Measuring significant changes in chromatin conformation with ACCOST 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/727768v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromatin conformation assays such as Hi-C cannot directly measure differences in 3D architecture between cell types or cell states. For this purpose, two or more Hi-C experiments must be carried out, but direct comparison of the resulting Hi-C matrices is confounded by several features of Hi-C data. Most notably, the genomic distance effect, whereby contacts between pairs of genomic loci that are proximal along the chromosome exhibit many more Hi-C contacts that distal pairs of loci, dominates every Hi-C matrix. Furthermore, the form that this distance effect takes often varies between different Hi-C experiments, even between replicate experiments. Thus, a statistical confidence measure designed to identify differential Hi-C contacts must accurately account for the genomic distance effect or risk being misled by large-scale but artifactual differences. ACCOST (Altered Chromatin Conformation STatistics) accomplishes this goal by extending the statistical model employed by DEseq, re-purposing the "size factors," which were originally developed to account for differences in read depth between samples, to instead model the genomic distance effect. We show via analysis of simulated and real data that ACCOST provides unbiased statistical confidence estimates that compare favorably with competing methods such as diffHiC, FIND, and HiCcompare. ACCOST is freely available with an Apache license at https://bitbucket.org/noblelab/accost.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cook, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Roch, K. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vert, J.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noble, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/727768</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Measuring significant changes in chromatin conformation with ACCOST]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/824433v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TSA-Seq 2.0 reveals both conserved and variable chromosomal distances to nuclear speckles 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/824433v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome-wide mapping of chromosomal distances relative to nuclear compartments using TSA-Seq suggests a more deterministic relationship between intranuclear gene position and expression as a function of nuclear speckle distance than radial position. Gene activity increases overall with decreasing distance to nuclear speckles, with active chromosomal regions forming the apex of chromosome loops protruding from the nuclear periphery into the interior. Interestingly, genomic distances to the nearest lamina-associated domain are larger for loop apexes mapping very close to nuclear speckles, suggesting the possibility of genomic "hardwiring" and conservation of speckle-associated regions. To facilitate comparison of genome organization relative to nuclear speckles in human K562, HCT116, HFFc6, and H1 cell lines, here we describe reducing the required cell number 10-20-fold for TSA-Seq by deliberately saturating protein-labeling while preserving distance mapping by the still unsaturated DNA-labeling. Surprisingly, in pair-wise cell line comparisons, only [~]10% of the genome shows a statistically significant shift in relative nuclear speckle distances. These modest shifts in nuclear speckle distance, however, tightly correlate with changes in cell-type specific gene expression. Similarly, half of all loci that contain induced heat-shock protein genes appear pre-positioned close to nuclear speckles, with the remaining showing small shifts towards speckles with transcriptional induction. Speckle association together with chromatin decondensation correlates with expression amplification upon HSPH1 activation. Our results demonstrate a largely "hardwired" genome organization and specific genes moving small mean distances relative to speckles during cell differentiation or physiological transition, suggesting an important role of nuclear speckles in gene expression regulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gholamalamdari, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belmont, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/824433</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TSA-Seq 2.0 reveals both conserved and variable chromosomal distances to nuclear speckles]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/772269v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Direct, sensitive and specific detection of individual single- or double-strand DNA breaks by fluorescence microscopy 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/772269v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We here describe a technique termed STRIDE (SensiTive Recognition of Individual DNA Ends), which enables highly sensitive, specific, direct in situ detection of single- or double-strand DNA breaks (sSTRIDE or dSTRIDE), in nuclei of single cells, using fluorescence microscopy. Sensitivity of STRIDE was tested using specially developed CRISPR/Cas9 DNA damage induction system, capable of inducing small clusters or individual single- or double-strand breaks. STRIDE exhibits significantly higher sensitivity and specificity of detection of DNA breaks than the commonly used TUNEL assay or methods based on monitoring of recruitment of repair proteins or histone modifications at the damage site (e.g. {gamma}H2AX). Even individual genome site-specific DNA double-strand cuts induced by CRISPR/Cas9, as well as individual single-strand DNA scissions induced by the nickase version of Cas9, can be detected by STRIDE and precisely localized within the cell nucleus. We further show that STRIDE can detect low-level spontaneous DNA damage, including age-related DNA lesions, DNA breaks induced by several agents (bleomycin, doxorubicin, topotecan, hydrogen peroxide, UV, photosensitized reactions), and fragmentation of DNA in human spermatozoa. STRIDE methods are potentially useful in studies of mechanisms of DNA damage induction and repair in cell lines and primary cultures, including cells with impaired repair mechanisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kordon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zarebski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solarczyk, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pederson, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dobrucki, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/772269</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Direct, sensitive and specific detection of individual single- or double-strand DNA breaks by fluorescence microscopy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/579573v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sci-Hi-C: a single-cell Hi-C method for mapping 3D genome organization in large number of single cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/579573v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The highly dynamic nature of chromosome conformation and three-dimensional (3D) genome organization leads to cell-to-cell variability in chromatin interactions within a cell population, even if the cells of the population appear to be functionally homogeneous. Hence, although Hi-C is a powerful tool for mapping 3D genome organization, this heterogeneity of chromosome higher order structure among individual cells limits the interpretive power of population based bulk Hi-C assays. Moreover, single-cell studies have the potential to enable the identification and characterization of rare cell populations or cell subtypes in a heterogeneous population. However, it may require surveying relatively large numbers of single cells to achieve statistically meaningful observations in single-cell studies. By applying combinatorial cellular indexing to chromosome conformation capture, we developed single-cell combinatorial indexed Hi-C (sci-Hi-C), a high throughput method that enables mapping chromatin interactomes in large number of single cells. We demonstrated the use of sci-Hi-C data to separate cells by karytoypic and cell-cycle state differences and to identify cellular variability in mammalian chromosomal conformation. Here, we provide a detailed description of method design and step-by-step working protocols for sci-Hi-C.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ramani, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Disteche, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noble, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shendure, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/579573</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sci-Hi-C: a single-cell Hi-C method for mapping 3D genome organization in large number of single cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/815340v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chromosome organization by one-sided and two-sided loop extrusion 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/815340v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SMC complexes, such as condensin or cohesin, organize chromatin throughout the cell cycle by a process known as loop extrusion. SMC complexes reel in DNA, extruding and progressively growing DNA loops. Modeling assuming two-sided loop extrusion reproduces key features of chromatin organization across different organisms. In vitro single-molecule experiments confirmed that yeast condensins extrude loops, however, they remain anchored to their loading sites and extrude loops in a "one-sided" manner. We therefore simulate one-sided loop extrusion to investigate whether "one-sided" complexes can compact mitotic chromosomes, organize interphase domains, and juxtapose bacterial chromosomal arms, as can be done by "two-sided" loop extruders. While one-sided loop extrusion cannot reproduce these phenomena, variants can recapitulate in vivo observations. We predict that SMC complexes in vivo constitute effectively two-sided motors or exhibit biased loading and propose relevant experiments. Our work suggests that loop extrusion is a viable general mechanism of chromatin organization.

Impact statementWe reconcile seemingly contradictory findings of single-molecule and in vivo experiments on a major mechanism of chromosome organization by computationally investigating mechanisms of loop extrusion that are consistent with both.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Banigan, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van den Berg, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandao, H. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marko, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirny, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/815340</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chromosome organization by one-sided and two-sided loop extrusion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/749754v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NuSeT: A Deep Learning Tool for Reliably Separating and Analyzing Crowded Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/749754v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Segmenting cell nuclei within microscopy images is a ubiquitous task in biological research and clinical applications. Unfortunately, segmenting low-contrast overlapping objects that may be tightly packed is a major bottleneck in standard deep learning-based models. We report a Nuclear Segmentation Tool (NuSeT) based on deep learning that accurately segments nuclei across multiple types of fluorescence imaging data. Using a hybrid network consisting of U-Net and Region Proposal Networks (RPN), followed by a watershed step, we have achieved superior performance in detecting and delineating nuclear boundaries in 2D and 3D images of varying complexities. By using foreground normalization and additional training on synthetic images containing non-cellular artifacts, NuSeT improves nuclear detection and reduces false positives. NuSeT addresses common challenges in nuclear segmentation such as variability in nuclear signal and shape, limited training sample size, and sample preparation artifacts. Compared to other segmentation models, NuSeT consistently fares better in generating accurate segmentation masks and assigning boundaries for touching nuclei.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franklin, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>You, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liphardt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/749754</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NuSeT: A Deep Learning Tool for Reliably Separating and Analyzing Crowded Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/628214v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial genome re-organization between fetal and adult hematopoietic stem cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/628214v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fetal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) undergo a developmental switch to become adult HSCs. The functional properties of the HSCs change dramatically during this switch, including their cycling behavior, hematopoietic lineage outputs and proliferation rate. The relationship between three-dimensional (3D) genome organization, epigenomic state, and transcriptome is poorly understood during this critical developmental transition. Here we conducted a comprehensive survey of the 3D genome, epigenome and transcriptome of fetal and adult HSCs in mouse. We found that chromosomal compartments and topologically associating domains (TAD) are largely conserved between fetal and adult HSCs. However, there is a global trend of increased compartmentalization and TAD boundary strength in adult HSCs. In contrast, dynamics of intra-TAD chromatin interactions is much higher and more widespread, involving over a thousand gene promoters and distal enhancers. Such dynamic interactions target genes involved in cell cycle, metabolism, and hematopoiesis. These developmental-stage-specific enhancer-promoter interactions appear to be mediated by different sets of transcription factors in fetal and adult HSCs, such as TCF3 and MAFB in fetal HSCs, versus NR4A1 and GATA3 in adult HSCs. Loss-of-function studies of TCF3 confirms the role of TCF3 in mediating condition-specific enhancer-promoter interactions and gene regulation in fetal HSCs. In summary, our data suggest that the fetal-to-adult transition is accompanied by extensive changes in intra-TAD chromatin interactions that target genes underlying the phenotypic differences between fetal and adult HSCs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tober, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trieu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blobel, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Speck, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/628214</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial genome re-organization between fetal and adult hematopoietic stem cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/816611v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cohesin depleted cells pass through mitosis and reconstitute a functional nuclear architecture 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/816611v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cohesin plays an essential role in chromatin loop extrusion, but its impact on a compartmentalized nuclear architecture, linked to nuclear functions, is debatable. Using live-cell and super-resolved 3D microscopy, we demonstrate that cohesin depleted cells pass through an endomitosis and rebuild a single multilobulated nucleus (MLN) with chromosome territories (CTs) pervaded by interchromatin channels. CTs contain chromatin domain clusters with a zonal organization of repressed chromatin domains in the interior and transcriptionally competent domains located at the periphery. Splicing speckles are located nearby within the lining channel system. These clusters form microscopically defined, active and inactive compartments, which correspond to A/B compartments, detected with ensemble Hi-C. Functionality of MLN despite continuous absence of cohesin was demonstrated by their ability to pass through S-phase with typical spatio-temporal patterns of replication domains. Evidence for structural changes of these domains compared to controls suggests that cohesin is required for their full integrity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cremer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandstetter, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maiser, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmid, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitra, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mamberti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klein, K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leonhardt, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cardoso, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lieberman Aiden, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harz, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cremer, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/816611</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cohesin depleted cells pass through mitosis and reconstitute a functional nuclear architecture]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/665232v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiplex chromatin interaction analysis by signal processing and statistical algorithms 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/665232v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The single-molecule multiplex chromatin interaction data generated by emerging non-ligation-based 3D genome mapping technologies provide novel insights into high dimensional chromatin organization, yet introduce new computational challenges. We developed MIA-Sig (https://github.com/TheJacksonLaboratory/mia-sig.git), an algorithmic framework to de-noise the data, assess the statistical significance of chromatin complexes, and identify topological domains and inter-domain contacts. On chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-enriched data, MIA-Sig can clearly distinguish the protein-associated interactions from the non-specific topological domains.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, S. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Capurso, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuang, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/665232</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiplex chromatin interaction analysis by signal processing and statistical algorithms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/485342v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Co-opted transposons help perpetuate conserved higher-order chromosomal structures 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/485342v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transposable elements (TEs) make up half of mammalian genomes and shape genome regulation by harboring binding sites for regulatory factors. These include architectural proteins--such as CTCF, RAD21 and SMC3--that are involved in tethering chromatin loops and marking domain boundaries. The 3D organization of the mammalian genome is intimately linked to its function and is remarkably conserved. However, the mechanisms by which these structural intricacies emerge and evolve have not been thoroughly probed. Here we show that TEs contribute extensively to both the formation of species-specific loops in humans and mice via deposition of novel anchoring motifs, as well as to the maintenance of conserved loops across both species via CTCF binding site turnover. The latter function demonstrates the ability of TEs to contribute to genome plasticity and reinforce conserved genome architecture as redundant loop anchors. Deleting such candidate TEs in human cells leads to a collapse of such conserved loop and domain structures. These TEs are also marked by reduced DNA methylation and bear mutational signatures of hypomethylation through evolutionary time. TEs have long been considered a source of genetic innovation; by examining their contribution to genome topology, we show that TEs can contribute to regulatory plasticity by inducing redundancy and potentiating genetic drift locally while conserving genome architecture globally, revealing a paradigm for defining regulatory conservation in the noncoding genome beyond classic sequence-level conservation.nnOne-sentence summaryCo-option of transposable elements maintains conserved 3D genome structures via CTCF binding site turnover in human and mouse.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Choudhary, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedman, R. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jang, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/485342</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Co-opted transposons help perpetuate conserved higher-order chromosomal structures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/779058v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ESCO1 and CTCF enable formation of long chromatin loops by protecting cohesinSTAG1 from WAPL 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/779058v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Eukaryotic genomes are folded into loops. It is thought that these are formed by cohesin complexes via extrusion, either until loop expansion is arrested by CTCF or until cohesin is removed from DNA by WAPL. Although WAPL limits cohesins chromatin residence time to minutes, it has been reported that some loops exist for hours. How these loops can persist is unknown. We show that during G1-phase, mammalian cells contain acetylated cohesinSTAG1 which binds chromatin for hours, whereas cohesinSTAG2 binds chromatin for minutes. Our results indicate that CTCF and the acetyltransferase ESCO1 protect a subset of cohesinSTAG1 complexes from WAPL, thereby enable formation of long and presumably long-lived loops, and that ESCO1, like CTCF, contributes to boundary formation in chromatin looping. Our data are consistent with a model of nested loop extrusion, in which acetylated cohesinSTAG1 forms stable loops between CTCF sites, demarcating the boundaries of more transient cohesinSTAG2 extrusion activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wutz, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>St. Hilaire, B. T. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ladurner, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stocsits, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagasaka, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pignard, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanborn, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varnai, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivanov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schoenfelder, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Lelij, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duernberger, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roitinger, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mechtler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, I. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fraser, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aiden, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/779058</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ESCO1 and CTCF enable formation of long chromatin loops by protecting cohesinSTAG1 from WAPL]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/739698v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A supervised learning framework for chromatin loop detection in genome-wide contact maps 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/739698v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accurately predicting chromatin loops from genome-wide interaction matrices such as Hi-C data is critical to deepen our understanding of proper gene regulation events. Current approaches are mainly focused on searching for statistically enriched dots on a genome-wide map. However, given the availability of a wide variety of orthogonal data types such as ChIA-PET, GAM, SPRITE, and high-throughput imaging, a supervised learning approach could facilitate the discovery of a comprehensive set of chromatin interactions. Here we present Peakachu, a Random Forest classification framework that predicts chromatin loops from genome-wide contact maps. Compared with current enrichment-based approaches, Peakachu identified more meaningful short-range interactions. We show that our models perform well in different platforms such as Hi-C, Micro-C, and DNA SPRITE, across different sequencing depths, and across different species. We applied this framework to systematically predict chromatin loops in 56 Hi-C datasets, and the results are available at the 3D Genome Browser (www.3dgenome.org).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Salameh, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wright, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khunsriraksakul, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yue, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/739698</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A supervised learning framework for chromatin loop detection in genome-wide contact maps]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/740480v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distinct features of nucleolus-associated domains in mouse embryonic stem cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/740480v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundHeterochromatin in eukaryotic interphase cells frequently localizes to the nucleolar periphery (nucleolus-associated domains, NADs) and the nuclear lamina (lamina-associated domains, LADs). Gene expression in somatic cell NADs is generally low, but NADs have not been characterized in mammalian stem cells.nnResultsHere, we generated the first genome-wide map of NADs in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) via deep sequencing of chromatin associated with biochemically-purified nucleoli. As we had observed in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), the large Type I subset of NADs overlaps with constitutive LADs and is enriched for features of constitutive heterochromatin, including late replication timing and low gene density and expression levels. Conversely, the Type II NAD subset overlaps with loci that are not lamina-associated, but in mESCs, Type II NADs are much less abundant than in MEFs. mESC NADs are also much less enriched in H3K27me3 modified regions than are NADs in MEFs. Additionally, comparision of MEF and mESC NADs revealed enrichment of developmentally regulated genes in cell type-specific NADs. Together, these data indicate that NADs are a developmentally dynamic component of heterochromatin.nnConclusionsThese studies implicate association with the nucleolar periphery as a mechanism for developmentally-regulated gene silencing, and will facilitate future studies of NADs during mESC differentiation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bizhanova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufman, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/740480</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distinct features of nucleolus-associated domains in mouse embryonic stem cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/619288v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
FIREcaller: an R package for detecting frequently interacting regions from Hi-C data 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/619288v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hi-C experiments have been widely adopted to study chromatin spatial organization, which plays an essential role in genome function. We have recently identified frequently interacting regions (FIREs) and found that they are closely associated with cell-type-specific gene regulation. However, computational tools for detecting FIREs from Hi-C data are still lacking. In this work, we present FIREcaller, a stand-alone, user-friendly R package for detecting FIREs from Hi-C data. FIREcaller takes raw Hi-C contact matrices as input, performs within-sample and cross-sample normalization, and outputs continuous FIRE scores, dichotomous FIREs, and super-FIREs. Applying FIREcaller to Hi-C data from various human tissues, we demonstrate that FIREs and super-FIREs identified, in a tissue-specific manner, are closely related to gene regulation, are enriched for enhancer-promoter (E-P) interactions, tend to overlap with regions exhibiting epigenomic signatures of cis-regulatory roles, and aid the interpretation or GWAS variants. The FIREcaller package is implemented in R and freely available at https://yunliweb.its.unc.edu/FIREcaller.

Highlights- Frequently Interacting Regions (FIREs) can be used to identify tissue and cell-type-specific cis-regulatory regions.
- An R software, FIREcaller, has been developed to identify FIREs and clustered FIREs into super-FIREs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Crowley, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Won, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/619288</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[FIREcaller: an R package for detecting frequently interacting regions from Hi-C data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/809210v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Composition dependent phase separation underlies directional flux through the nucleolus 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/809210v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intracellular bodies such as nucleoli, Cajal bodies, and various signaling assemblies, represent membraneless organelles, or condensates, that form via liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS)1,2. Biomolecular interactions, particularly homotypic interactions mediated by self-associating intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDRs), are thought to underlie the thermodynamic driving forces for LLPS, forming condensates that can facilitate the assembly and processing of biochemically active complexes, such as ribosomal subunits within the nucleolus. Simplified model systems3-6 have led to the concept that a single fixed saturation concentration (Csat) is a defining feature of endogenous LLPS7-9, and has been suggested as a mechanism for intracellular concentration buffering2,7,8,10. However, the assumption of a fixed Csat remains largely untested within living cells, where the richly multicomponent nature of condensates could complicate this simple picture. Here we show that heterotypic multicomponent interactions dominate endogenous LLPS, and give rise to nucleoli and other condensates that do not exhibit a fixed Csat. As the concentration of individual components is varied, their partition coefficients change, in a manner that can be used to extract thermodynamic interaction energies, that we interpret within a framework we term polyphasic interaction thermodynamic analysis (PITA). We find that heterotypic interactions between protein and RNA components stabilize a variety of archetypal intracellular condensates, including the nucleolus, Cajal bodies, stress granules, and P bodies. These findings imply that the composition of condensates is finely tuned by the thermodynamics of the underlying biomolecular interaction network. In the context of RNA processing condensates such as the nucleolus, this stoichiometric self-tuning manifests in selective exclusion of fully-assembled RNP complexes, providing a thermodynamic basis for vectorial ribosomal RNA (rRNA) flux out of the nucleolus. The PITA methodology is conceptually straightforward and readily implemented, and it can be broadly utilized to extract thermodynamic parameters from microscopy images. These approaches pave the way for a deep understanding of the thermodynamics of multi-component intracellular phase behavior and its interplay with nonequilibrium activity characteristic of endogenous condensates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Riback, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferrolino, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tolbert, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitrea, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanders, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, M.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kriwacki, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brangwynne, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/809210</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Composition dependent phase separation underlies directional flux through the nucleolus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/538652v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Supervised classification enables rapid annotation of cell atlases 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/538652v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single cell technologies for profiling tissues or even entire organisms are rapidly being adopted. However, the manual process by which cell types are typically annotated in the resulting data is labor-intensive and increasingly rate-limiting for the field. Here we describe Garnett, an algorithm and accompanying software for rapidly annotating cell types in scRNA-seq and scATAC-seq datasets, based on an interpretable, hierarchical markup language of cell type-specific genes. Garnett successfully classifies cell types in tissue and whole organism datasets, as well as across species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pliner, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shendure, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trapnell, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/538652</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Supervised classification enables rapid annotation of cell atlases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/638809v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic screening for single-cell variability modulators driving therapy resistance 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/638809v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cellular plasticity describes the ability of cells to transition from one set of phenotypes to another. In the context of cancer therapeutics, plasticity refers to transient fluctuations in the molecular state of tumor cells, driving the formation of rare cells primed to survive drug treatment and ultimately reprogram into a stably resistant fate. However, the biological processes governing this cellular plasticity remain unknown. We used CRISPR/Cas9 genetic screens to reveal genes that affect cell fate decisions by altering cellular plasticity across a range of functional categories. We found that cellular plasticity and cell fate decision making can be decoupled in that factors can affect cell fate decisions in both plasticity-dependent and independent manners. We discovered a novel mode of altering resistance based on cellular plasticity that, contrary to known mechanisms, pushes cells towards a more differentiated state. We further confirmed our prediction that manipulating cellular plasticity before the addition of the main therapy would result in changes in therapy resistance more than concurrent administration. Together, our results indicate that identifying pathways modulating cellular plasticity has the potential to alter cell fate decisions and may provide a new avenue for treating drug resistance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Torre, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arai, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bayatpour, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beck, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emert, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaffer, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mellis, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Budinich, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weeraratna, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raj, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/638809</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic screening for single-cell variability modulators driving therapy resistance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/533273v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Completing the ENCODE3 compendium yields accurate imputations across a variety of assays and human biosamples 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/533273v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationRecent efforts to describe the human epigenome have yielded thousands of uniformly processed epigenomic and transcriptomic data sets. These data sets characterize a rich variety of biological activity in hundreds of human cell lines and tissues ("biosamples"). Understanding these data sets, and specifically how they differ across biosamples, can help explain many cellular mechanisms, particularly those driving development and disease. However, due primarily to cost, the total number of assays that can be performed is limited. Previously described imputation approaches, such as Avocado, have sought to overcome this limitation by predicting genome-wide epigenomics experiments using learned associations among available epigenomic data sets. However, these previous imputations have focused primarily on measurements of histone modification and chromatin accessibility, despite other biological activity being crucially important.

ResultsWe applied Avocado to a data set of 3,814 tracks of data derived from the ENCODE compendium, spanning 400 human biosamples and 84 assays. The resulting imputations cover measurements of chromatin accessibility, histone modification, transcription, and protein binding. We demonstrate the quality of these imputations by comprehensively evaluating the models predictions and by showing significant improvements in protein binding performance compared to the top models in an ENCODE-DREAM challenge. Additionally, we show that the Avocado model allows for efficient addition of new assays and biosamples to a pre-trained model, achieving high accuracy at predicting protein binding, even with only a single track of training data.

AvailabilityTutorials and source code are available under an Apache 2.0 license at https://github.com/jmschrei/avocado.

Contactwilliam-noble@uw.edu or jmschr@cs.washington.edu
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schreiber, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bilmes, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noble, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/533273</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Completing the ENCODE3 compendium yields accurate imputations across a variety of assays and human biosamples]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/534800v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Capturing cell type-specific chromatin structural patterns by applying topic modeling to single-cell Hi-C data 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/534800v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-cell Hi-C (scHi-C) interrogates genome-wide chromatin interaction in individual cells, allowing us to gain insights into 3D genome organization. However, the extremely sparse nature of scHi-C data poses a significant barrier to analysis, limiting our ability to tease out hidden biological information. In this work, we approach this problem by applying topic modeling to scHi-C data. Topic modeling is well-suited for discovering latent topics in a collection of discrete data. For our analysis, we generate twelve different single-cell combinatorial indexed Hi-C (sciHi-C) libraries from five human cell lines (GM12878, H1Esc, HFF, IMR90, and HAP1), consisting over 25,000 cells. We demonstrate that topic modeling is able to successfully capture cell type differences from sciHi-C data in the form of "chromatin topics." We further show enrichment of particular compartment structures associated with locus pairs in these topics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yardimici, G. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonora, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramani, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hesson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ware, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shendure, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noble, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/534800</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Capturing cell type-specific chromatin structural patterns by applying topic modeling to single-cell Hi-C data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/604355v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Re-configuration of Chromatin Structure During the Mitosis-G1 Phase Transition 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/604355v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Higher-order chromatin organization such as A/B compartments, TADs and chromatin loops are temporarily disrupted during mitosis. These structures are thought to organize aspects of gene regulation, and thus it is important to understand how they are re-established after mitosis. We examined the dynamics of chromosome reorganization by Hi-C at defined time points following exit from mitosis in highly purified, synchronous cell populations. We observed that A/B compartments are rapidly established and progressively gain in strength following mitotic exit. Contact domain formation occurs from the "bottom-up" with smaller sub-TADs forming initially, followed by convergence into multi-domain TAD structures. CTCF is strongly retained at a significant fraction of sites on mitotic chromosomes and immediately resumes full binding at ana/telophase, the earliest tested time point. In contrast, cohesin is completely evicted from mitotic chromosomes and resumes focal binding with delayed kinetics. The formation of CTCF/cohesin co-anchored structural loops follows the kinetics of cohesin positioning. Stripe-shaped contacts anchored by CTCF grow in length, consistent with a loop extrusion process after mitosis. Interactions between cis-regulatory elements can form rapidly, preceding CTCF/cohesin anchored structural loops. Strikingly, we identified a group of rapidly emerging transient contacts between cis-regulatory elements in ana/telophase, that are dissolved upon G1 entry, co-incident with the establishment of inner boundaries or nearby interfering loops. Our findings indicate that distinct but mutually influential forces drive post-mitotic chromatin re-configuration to shape compartments, contact domains, cis-element contacts, and CTCF/cohesin dependent loops.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emerson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilgenast, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Titus, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keller, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giardine, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hardison, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillips-Cremins, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blobel, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/604355</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Re-configuration of Chromatin Structure During the Mitosis-G1 Phase Transition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/484568v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Two Contrasting Classes of Nucleolus-Associated Domains in Mouse Fibroblast Heterochromatin 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/484568v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In interphase eukaryotic cells, almost all heterochromatin is located adjacent to the nucleolus or to the nuclear lamina, thus defining Nucleolus-Associated Domains (NADs) and Lamina-Associated Domains (LADs), respectively. Here, we determined the first genome-scale map of murine NADs in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) via deep sequencing of chromatin associated with purified nucleoli. We developed a Bioconductor package called NADfinder and demonstrated that it identifies NADs more accurately than other peak-calling tools, due to its critical feature of chromosome-level local baseline correction. We detected two distinct classes of NADs. Type I NADs associate frequently with both the nucleolar periphery and with the nuclear lamina, and generally display characteristics of constitutive heterochromatin, including late DNA replication, enrichment of H3K9me3 and little gene expression. In contrast, Type II NADs associate with nucleoli but do not overlap with LADs. Type II NADs tend to replicate earlier, display greater gene expression, and are more often enriched in H3K27me3 than Type I NADs. The nucleolar associations of both classes of NADs were confirmed via DNA-FISH, which also detected Type I but not Type II probes enriched at the nuclear lamina. Interestingly, Type II NADs are enriched in distinct gene classes, notably factors important for differentiation and development. In keeping with this, we observed that a Type II NAD is developmentally regulated, present in MEFs but not in undifferentiated embryonic stem (ES) cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vertii, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pages, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufman, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/484568</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Two Contrasting Classes of Nucleolus-Associated Domains in Mouse Fibroblast Heterochromatin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/639922v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ultrastructural details of mammalian chromosome architecture 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/639922v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Over the past decade, 3C-related methods, complemented by increasingly detailed microscopic views of the nucleus, have provided unprecedented insights into chromosome folding in vivo. Here, to overcome the resolution limits inherent to the majority of genome-wide chromosome architecture mapping studies, we extend a recently-developed Hi-C variant, Micro-C, to map chromosome architecture at nucleosome resolution in human embryonic stem cells and fibroblasts. Micro-C maps robustly capture well-described features of mammalian chromosome folding including A/B compartment organization, topologically associating domains (TADs), and cis interaction peaks anchored at CTCF binding sites, while also providing a detailed 1-dimensional map of nucleosome positioning and phasing genome-wide. Compared to high-resolution in situ Hi-C, Micro-C exhibits substantially improved signal-to-noise with an order of magnitude greater dynamic range, enabling not only localization of domain boundaries with single-nucleosome accuracy, but also resolving more than 20,000 additional looping interaction peaks in each cell type. Intriguingly, many of these newly-identified peaks are localized along stripe patterns and form transitive grids, consistent with their anchors being pause sites impeding the process of cohesin-dependent loop extrusion. Together, our analyses provide the highest resolution maps of chromosome folding in human cells to date, and provide a valuable resource for studies of chromosome folding mechanisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Krietenstein, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abraham, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venev, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdennur, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibcus, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, T.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parsi, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maehr, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirny, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dekker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rando, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/639922</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ultrastructural details of mammalian chromosome architecture]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/737387v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nucleated transcriptional condensates amplify gene expression 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/737387v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Liquid-liquid phase separation is thought to underly gene transcription, through the condensation of the large-scale nucleolus, or in smaller assemblies known as transcriptional hubs or condensates. However, phase separation has not yet been directly linked with transcriptional output, and our biophysical understanding of transcription dynamics is poor. Here, we utilize an optogenetic approach to control condensation of key FET-family transcriptional regulators, particularly TAF15. We show that amino acid sequence-dependent phase separation of TAF15 is enhanced significantly due to strong nuclear interactions with the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA Pol II. Nascent CTD clusters at primed genomic loci lower the energetic barrier for nucleation of TAF15 condensates, which in turn further recruit RNA Pol II to drive transcriptional output. These results suggest a model in which positive feedback between key transcriptional components drives intermittent dynamics of localized phase separation, to amplify gene expression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wei, M.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shimobayashi, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brangwynne, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/737387</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nucleated transcriptional condensates amplify gene expression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/709683v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
pyBedGraph: a Python package for fast operations on 1-dimensional genomic signal tracks 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/709683v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationModern genomic research relies heavily on next-generation sequencing experiments such as ChIP-seq and ChIA-PET that generate coverage files for transcription factor binding, as well as DHS and ATAC-seq that yield coverage files for chromatin accessibility. Such files are in a bedGraph text format or a bigWig binary format. Obtaining summary statistics in a given region is a fundamental task in analyzing protein binding intensity or chromatin accessibility. However, the existing Python package for operating on coverage files is not optimized for speed.nnResultsWe developed pyBedGraph, a Python package to quickly obtain summary statistics for a given interval in a bedGraph file. When tested on 8 ChIP-seq and ATAC-seq datasets, pyBedGraph is on average 245 times faster than the existing program. Notably, pyBedGraph can look up the exact mean signal of 1 million regions in ~0.26 second on a conventional laptop. An approximate mean for 10,000 regions can be computed in ~0.0012 second with an error rate of less than 5 percent.nnAvailabilitypyBedGraph is publicly available at https://github.com/TheJacksonLaboratory/pyBedGraph under the MIT license.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuang, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/709683</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[pyBedGraph: a Python package for fast operations on 1-dimensional genomic signal tracks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/539049v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial resets modulate YAP-dependent transcription 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/539049v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP) is a transcriptional regulator with critical roles in mechanotransduction, organ size control, and regeneration. Here, using new tools for real-time visualization of native YAP and target gene transcription dynamics, we show that a cycle of fast exodus of nuclear YAP to the cytoplasm followed by fast reentry to the nucleus ("localization-resets") activates YAP target genes. These "resets" could be induced by calcium signaling, modulation of actomyosin contractility, or mitosis. Using nascent-transcription reporter knock-ins of YAP target genes, we observed a strict association between these resets and downstream transcription. Oncogenically-transformed transformed cell lines lacked localization-resets and instead showed dramatically elevated rates of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of YAP, suggesting an escape from compartmentalization-based control. The single-cell localization and transcription traces suggest that YAP activity is not a simple linear function of nuclear enrichment and point to a new model of transcriptional activation based on nucleocytoplasmic exchange properties of YAP.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Franklin, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liphardt, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/539049</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial resets modulate YAP-dependent transcription]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/562199v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
EpiAlignment: alignment with both DNA sequence and epigenomic data 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/562199v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Comparative epigenomics, by subjecting both epigenome and genome to interspecies comparison, has become a powerful approach to reveal regulatory features of the genome. Thus elucidated regulatory features surpassed the information derived from comparison of genomic sequences alone. Here, we present EpiAlignment, a web-based tool to align genomic regions with both DNA sequence and epigenomic data. EpiAlignment takes DNA sequence and epigenomic profiles derived by ChIP-seq, DNase-seq, or ATAC-seq from two species as input data, and outputs the best semi-global alignments. These alignments are based on EpiAlignment scores, computed by a dynamic programming algorithm that accounts for both sequence alignment and epigenome similarity. For timely response, the EpiAlignment web server automatically initiates up to 140 computing threads depending on the size of user input data. For users convenience, we have pre-compiled the comparable human and mouse epigenome datasets in matched cell types and tissues from the Roadmap Epigenomics and ENCODE consortia. Users can either upload their own data or select pre-compiled datasets as inputs for EpiAlignment analyses. Results are presented in graphical and tabular formats where the entries can be interactively expanded to visualize additional features of these aligned regions. EpiAlignment is available at https://epialign.ucsd.edu/.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/562199</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[EpiAlignment: alignment with both DNA sequence and epigenomic data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/704247v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gene networks with transcriptional bursting recapitulate rare transient coordinated expression states in cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/704247v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SUMMARYNon-genetic transcriptional variability at the single-cell level is a potential mechanism for therapy resistance in melanoma. Specifically, rare subpopulations of melanoma cells occupy a transient pre-resistant state characterized by coordinated high expression of several genes. Importantly, these rare cells are able to survive drug treatment and develop resistance. How might these extremely rare states arise and disappear within the population? It is unclear whether the canonical stochastic models of probabilistic transcriptional pulsing can explain this behavior, or if it requires special, hitherto unidentified molecular mechanisms. Here we use mathematical modeling to show that a minimal network comprising of transcriptional bursting and interactions between genes can give rise to rare coordinated high states. We next show that although these states occur across networks of different sizes, they depend strongly on three (out of seven) model parameters and require network connectivity to be [&le;] 6. Interestingly, we find that while entry into the rare coordinated high state is initiated by a long transcriptional burst that also triggers entry of other genes, the exit from it occurs through the independent inactivation of individual genes. Finally, our model predicts that increased network connectivity can lead to transcriptionally stable states, which we verify using network inference analysis of experimental data. In sum, we demonstrate that established principles of gene regulation are sufficient to describe this new class of rare cell variability and argue for its general existence in other biological contexts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schuh, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saint-Antoine, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanford, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emert, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marr, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goyal, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raj, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/704247</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gene networks with transcriptional bursting recapitulate rare transient coordinated expression states in cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/762872v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chromatin is frequently unknotted at the megabase scale 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/762872v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Knots in the human genome would greatly impact diverse cellular processes ranging from transcription to gene regulation. To date, it has not been possible to directly examine the genome in vivo for the presence of knots. Recently, methods for serial fluorescent in situ hybridization have made it possible to measure the 3d position of dozens of consecutive genomic loci, in vivo. However, the determination of whether genomic trajectories are knotted remains challenging, because small errors in the localization of a single locus can transform an unknotted trajectory into a highly-knotted trajectory, and vice versa. Here, we use stochastic closure analysis to determine whether a genomic trajectory is knotted in the setting of experimental noise. We analyse 4727 deposited genomic trajectories of a 2Mb long chromatin interval from chromosome 21. For 243 of these trajectories, their knottedness could be reliably determined despite the possibility of localization errors. Strikingly, in each of these 243 cases, the trajectory was unknotted. We note a potential source of bias, insofar as knotted contours may be more difficult to reliably resolve. Nevertheless, our data is consistent with a model where, at the scales probed, the human genome is often free of knots.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Goundaroulis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aiden, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stasiak, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/762872</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chromatin is frequently unknotted at the megabase scale]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/734483v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Temporal-Spatial Visualization of Endogenous Chromosome Rearrangements in Living Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/734483v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Visualizing the real-time dynamics of genome rearrangement in single living cells is core to studying genomics and diagnostics. Here, we report a robust, versatile approach named CRISPR Live-cell fluorescent in situ hybridization (LiveFISH) for multi-locus genome tracking and cytogenetic detection in a broad variety of cell types including primary cells. LiveFISH utilizes an intrinsic stability switch of CRISPR guide RNAs, which enables efficient and accurate detection of chromosomal disorders such as Patau Syndrome in prenatal amniotic fluid cells and allows multi-locus tracking in human T lymphocytes. Using LiveFISH, we are able to detect and track real-time spatiotemporal dynamics of non-homologous endogenous chromosome translocations induced by gene editing. This new approach enables FISH imaging in living primary cells, which can provide useful insights into the spatiotemporal changes of genome organization and rearrangements in normal and diseased primary cells and will enable fast cytogenetic visualization of various gene-editing associated chromosomal translocations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakamura, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daley, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>La Russa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/734483</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Temporal-Spatial Visualization of Endogenous Chromosome Rearrangements in Living Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/506683v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ChIA-PIPE: A fully automated pipeline for ChIA-PET data analysis and visualization 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/506683v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ChIA-PET enables the genome-wide discovery of chromatin interactions involving specific protein factors, with base-pair resolution. Interpreting ChIA-PET data depends on having a robust analytic pipeline. Here, we introduce ChIA-PIPE, a fully automated pipeline for ChIA-PET data processing, quality assessment, analysis, and visualization. ChIA-PIPE performs linker filtering, read mapping, peak calling, loop calling, chromatin-contact-domain calling, and can resolve allele-specific peaks and loops. ChIA-PIPE also automates quality-control assessment for each dataset. Furthermore, ChIA-PIPE generates input files for visualizing 2D contact maps with Juicebox and HiGlass, and provides a new dockerized visualization tool for high-resolution, browser-based exploration of peaks and loops. With minimal adjusting, ChIA-PIPE can also be suited for the analysis of other related chromatin-mapping data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Capurso, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, S. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Namburi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tjong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/506683</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ChIA-PIPE: A fully automated pipeline for ChIA-PET data analysis and visualization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/423541v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effects of altering histone post-translational modifications on mitotic chromosome structure and mechanics 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/423541v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During cell division chromatin is compacted into mitotic chromosomes to aid faithful segregation of the genome between two daughter cells. Post-translational modifications (PTM) of histones alter compaction of interphase chromatin, but it remains poorly understood how these modifications affect mitotic chromosome stiffness and structure. Using micropipette-based force measurements and epigenetic drugs, we probed the influence of canonical histone PTMs that dictate interphase euchromatin (acetylation) and heterochromatin (methylation) on mitotic chromosome stiffness. By measuring chromosome doubling force (the force required to double chromosome length), we find that histone methylation, but not acetylation, contributes to mitotic structure and stiffness. We discuss our findings in the context of chromatin gel modeling of the large-scale organization of mitotic chromosomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Biggs, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stephens, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marko, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/423541</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effects of altering histone post-translational modifications on mitotic chromosome structure and mechanics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/407668v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The accessible chromatin landscape of the hippocampus at single-cell resolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/407668v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Here we present a comprehensive map of the accessible chromatin landscape of the mouse hippocampus at single-cell resolution. Substantial advances of this work include the optimization of single-cell combinatorial indexing assay for transposase accessible chromatin (sci-ATAC-seq), a software suite, scitools, for the rapid processing and visualization of single-cell combinatorial indexing datasets, and a valuable resource of hippocampal regulatory networks at single-cell resolution. We utilized sci-ATAC-seq to produce 2,346 high-quality single-cell chromatin accessibility maps with a mean unique read count per cell of 29,201 from both fresh and frozen hippocampi, observing little difference in accessibility patterns between the preparations. Using this dataset, we identified eight distinct major clusters of cells representing both neuronal and non-neuronal cell types and characterized the driving regulatory factors and differentially accessible loci that define each cluster. We then applied a recently described co-accessibility framework, Cicero, which identified 146,818 links between promoters and putative distal regulatory DNA. Identified co-accessibility networks showed cell-type specificity, shedding light on key dynamic loci that reconfigure to specify hippocampal cell lineages. Lastly, we carried out an additional sci-ATAC-seq preparation from cultured hippocampal neurons (899 high-quality cells, 43,532 mean unique reads) that revealed substantial alterations in their epigenetic landscape compared to nuclei from hippocampal tissue. This dataset and accompanying analysis tools provide a new resource that can guide subsequent studies of the hippocampus.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sinnamon, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torkenczy, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Linhoff, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vitak, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pliner, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trapnell, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steemers, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mandel, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adey, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/407668</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The accessible chromatin landscape of the hippocampus at single-cell resolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/259416v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Predicting CTCF-mediated chromatin loops using CTCF-MP 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/259416v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The three dimensional organization of chromosomes within the cell nucleus is highly regulated. It is known that CTCF is an important architectural protein to mediate long-range chromatin loops. Recent studies have shown that the majority of CTCF binding motif pairs at chromatin loop anchor regions are in convergent orientation. However, it remains unknown whether the genomic context at the sequence level can determine if a convergent CTCF motif pair is able to form chromatin loop. In this paper, we directly ask whether and what sequence-based features (other than the motif itself) may be important to establish CTCF-mediated chromatin loops. We found that motif conservation measured by "branch-of-origin" that accounts for motif turn-over in evolution is an important feature. We developed a new machine learning algorithm called CTCF-MP based on word2vec to demonstrate that sequence-based features alone have the capability to predict if a pair of convergent CTCF motifs would form a loop. Together with functional genomic signals from CTCF ChIP-seq and DNase-seq, CTCF-MP is able to make highly accurate predictions on whether a convergent CTCF motif pair would form a loop in a single cell type and also across different cell types. Our work represents an important step further to understand the sequence determinants that may guide the formation of complex chromatin architectures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/259416</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Predicting CTCF-mediated chromatin loops using CTCF-MP]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/036053v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RTFBSDB: an integrated framework for transcription factor binding site analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/036053v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcription factors (TFs) regulate complex programs of gene transcription by binding to short DNA sequence motifs. Here we introduce rtfbsdb, a unified framework that integrates a database of more than 65,000 TF binding motifs with tools to easily and efficiently scan target genome sequences. Rtfbsdb clusters motifs with similar DNA sequence specificities and optionally integrates RNA-seq or PRO-seq data to restrict analyses to motifs recognized by TFs expressed in the cell type of interest. Our package allows common analyses to be performed rapidly in an integrated environment.nnAvailability: rtfbsdb is available via github (https://github.com/Danko-Lab/rtfbsdb).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhong Wang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andre L Martins</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charles G Danko</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-01-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/036053</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RTFBSDB: an integrated framework for transcription factor binding site analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-01-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/464081v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Promoter-intrinsic and local chromatin features determine gene repression in lamina-associated domains 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/464081v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
It is largely unclear whether genes that are naturally embedded in lamina associated domains (LADs) are inactive due to their chromatin environment, or whether LADs are merely secondary to the lack of transcription. We show that hundreds of human promoters become active when moved from their native LAD position to a neutral context in the same cells, indicating that LADs form a repressive environment. Another set of promoters inside LADs is able to "escape" repression, although their transcription elongation is attenuated. By inserting reporters into thousands of genomic locations, we demonstrate that these escaper promoters are intrinsically less sensitive to LAD repression. This is not simply explained by promoter strength, but by the interplay between promoter sequence and local chromatin features that vary strongly across LADs. Enhancers also differ in their sensitivity to LAD chromatin. This work provides a general framework for the systematic understanding of gene regulation by repressive chromatin.nnHighlightsO_LITwo promoter transplantation strategies elucidate the regulatory role of LAD chromatinnC_LIO_LILADs are generally repressive, but also highly heterogeneousnC_LIO_LILADs can impede both promoter activity and transcription elongationnC_LIO_LIPromoters vary intrinsically in their sensitivity to LAD repressionnC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Leemans, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Zwalm, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brueckner, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Comoglio, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Schaik, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pagie, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Arensbergen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Steensel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/464081</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Promoter-intrinsic and local chromatin features determine gene repression in lamina-associated domains]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/784835v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Architectural RNA is required for heterochromatin organization 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/784835v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In addition to its known roles in protein synthesis and enzyme catalysis, RNA has been proposed to stabilize higher-order chromatin structure. To distinguish presumed architectural roles of RNA from other functions, we applied a ribonuclease digestion strategy to our CUT&RUN in situ chromatin profiling method (CUT&RUN.RNase). We find that depletion of RNA compromises association of the murine nucleolar protein Nucleophosmin with pericentric heterochromatin and alters the chromatin environment of CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) bound regions. Strikingly, we find that RNA maintains the integrity of both constitutive (H3K9me3 marked) and facultative (H3K27me3 marked) heterochromatic regions as compact domains, but only moderately stabilizes euchromatin. To establish the specificity of heterochromatin stabilization by RNA, we performed CUT&RUN on cells deleted for the Firre long non-coding RNA and observed disruption of H3K27me3 domains on several chromosomes. We conclude that RNA maintains local and global chromatin organization by acting as a structural scaffold for heterochromatic domains.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Thakur, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Llagas, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Disteche, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henikoff, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/784835</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Architectural RNA is required for heterochromatin organization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/616102v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chromosome disentanglement driven via optimal compaction of loop-extruded brush structures 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/616102v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Eukaryote cell division features a chromosome compaction-decompaction cycle that is synchronized with their physical and topological segregation. It has been proposed that lengthwise compaction of chromatin into mitotic chromosomes via loop extrusion underlies the compaction-segregation/resolution process. We analyze this disentanglement scheme via considering the chromosome to be a succession of DNA/chromatin loops - a polymer "brush" - where active extrusion of loops controls the brush structure. Given topoisomerase (TopoII)-catalyzed topology fluctuations, we find that inter-chromosome entanglements are minimized for a certain "optimal" loop that scales with the chromosome size. The optimal loop organization is in accord with experimental data across species, suggesting an important structural role of genomic loops in maintaining a less entangled genome. Application of the model to the interphase genome indicates that active loop extrusion can maintain a level of chromosome compaction with suppressed entanglements; the transition to the metaphase state requires higher lengthwise compaction, and drives complete topological segregation. Optimized genomic loops may provide a means for evolutionary propagation of gene-expression patterns while simultaneously maintaining a disentangled genome. We also find that compact metaphase chromosomes have a densely packed core along their cylindrical axes that explains their observed mechanical stiffness. Our model connects chromosome structural reorganization to topological resolution through the cell cycle, and highlights a mechanism of directing Topo-II mediated strand passage via loop extrusion driven lengthwise compaction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brahmachari, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marko, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/616102</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chromosome disentanglement driven via optimal compaction of loop-extruded brush structures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/370395v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Receptor-ligand rebinding kinetics in confinement 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/370395v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rebinding kinetics of molecular ligands plays a critical role in biomachinery, from regulatory networks to protein transcription, and is also a key factor for designing drugs and high-precision biosensors. In this study, we investigate initial release and rebinding of ligands to their binding sites grafted on a planar surface, a situation commonly observed in single molecule experiments and which occurs during exocytosis in vivo. Via scaling arguments and molecular dynamic simulations, we analyze the dependence of non-equilibrium rebinding kinetics on two intrinsic length scales: average separation distance between the binding sites and dimensions of diffusion volume (e.g., height of the experimental reservoir in which diffusion takes place or average distance between receptor-bearing surfaces). We obtain time-dependent scaling laws for on rates and for the cumulative number of rebinding events (the time integral of on rates) for various regimes. Our analyses reveal that, for diffusion-limited cases, the on rate decreases via multiple power law regimes prior to the terminal steady-state regime, in which the on rate becomes constant. At intermediate times, at which particle density has not yet become uniform throughout the reservoir, the number of rebindings exhibits a distinct plateau regime due to the three dimensional escape process of ligands from their binding sites. The duration of this regime depends on the average separation distance between binding sites. Following the three-dimensional diffusive escape process, a one-dimensional diffusive regime describes on rates. In the reaction-limited scenario, ligands with higher affinity to their binding sites (e.g., longer residence times) delay the power laws. Our results can be useful for extracting hidden time scales in experiments where kinetic rates for ligand-receptor interactions are measured in microchannels, as well as for cell signaling via diffusing molecules.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Erbas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olvera de la Cruz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marko, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/370395</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Receptor-ligand rebinding kinetics in confinement]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/796482v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A cost-efficient open source laser engine for microscopy 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/796482v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Scientific-grade lasers are costly components of modern microscopes. For high-power applications, such as single-molecule localization microscopy, their price can become prohibitive. Here, we present an open-source high-power laser engine that can be built for a fraction of the cost. It uses affordable, yet powerful laser diodes at wavelengths of 405 nm, 488 nm and 640 nm and optionally a 561 nm diode-pumped solid-state laser. The light is delivered to the microscope via an agitated multimode fiber in order to suppress speckles. We provide the part lists, CAD files and detailed descriptions, allowing any research group to build their own laser engine.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schroeder, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deschamps, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dasgupta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matti, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ries, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/796482</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A cost-efficient open source laser engine for microscopy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/638775v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Resolving the 3D landscape of transcription-linked mammalian chromatin folding 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/638775v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromatin folding below the scale of topologically associating domains (TADs) remains largely unexplored in mammals. Here, we used a high-resolution 3C-based method, Micro-C, to probe links between 3D-genome organization and transcriptional regulation in mouse stem cells. Combinatorial binding of transcription factors, cofactors, and chromatin modifiers spatially segregate TAD regions into "microTADs" with distinct regulatory features. Enhancer-promoter and promoter-promoter interactions extending from the edge of these domains predominantly link co-regulated loci, often independently of CTCF/Cohesin. Acute inhibition of transcription disrupts the gene-related folding features without altering higher-order chromatin structures. Intriguingly, we detect "two-start" zig-zag 30-nanometer chromatin fibers. Our work uncovers the finer-scale genome organization that establishes novel functional links between chromatin folding and gene regulation.nnONE SENTENCE SUMMARYTranscriptional regulatory elements shape 3D genome architecture of microTADs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, T.-H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slobodyanyuk, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cattoglio, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rando, O. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tjian, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darzacq, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/638775</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Resolving the 3D landscape of transcription-linked mammalian chromatin folding]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/423442v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Physicochemical mechanotransduction alters nuclear shape and mechanics via heterochromatin formation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/423442v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The nucleus houses, organizes, and protects chromatin to ensure genome integrity and proper gene expression, but how the nucleus adapts mechanically to changes in the extracellular environment is poorly understood. Recent studies have revealed that extracellular chemical or physical stresses induce chromatin compaction via mechanotransductive processes. We report that increased extracellular multivalent cations lead to increased heterochromatin levels through mechanosensitive ion channels. This increase in heterochromatin results in increased chromatin-based nuclear rigidity, which suppresses nuclear blebbing in cells with perturbed chromatin or lamins. Furthermore, transduction of elevated extracellular cations rescues nuclear morphology in model and patient cells of human diseases, including progeria and the breast cancer model cell line MDA-MB-231. We conclude that nuclear mechanics and morphology, including abnormal phenotypes found in human diseases, can be modulated by cell sensing of the extracellular environment and consequent changes to histone modification state and chromatin-based nuclear rigidity, without requiring direct mechanical perturbations to the cell interior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stephens, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, P. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kandula, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Almassalha, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Backman, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Halloran, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adam, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldman, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banigan, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marko, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/423442</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Physicochemical mechanotransduction alters nuclear shape and mechanics via heterochromatin formation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/568915v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CUT&Tag for efficient epigenomic profiling of small samples and single cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/568915v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many chromatin features play critical roles in regulating gene expression. A complete understanding of gene regulation will require the mapping of specific chromatin features in small samples of cells at high resolution. Here we describe Cleavage Under Targets and Tagmentation (CUT&Tag), an enzyme-tethering strategy that provides efficient high-resolution sequencing libraries for profiling diverse chromatin components. In CUT&Tag, a chromatin protein is bound in situ by a specific antibody, which then tethers a protein A-Tn5 transposase fusion protein. Activation of the transposase efficiently generates fragment libraries with high resolution and exceptionally low background. All steps from live cells to sequencing-ready libraries can be performed in a single tube on the benchtop or a microwell in a high-throughput pipeline, and the entire procedure can be performed in one day. We demonstrate the utility of CUT&Tag by profiling histone modifications, RNA Polymerase II and transcription factors on low cell numbers and single cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kaya-Okur, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Codomo, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pledger, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bryson, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henikoff, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmad, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henikoff, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/568915</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CUT&Tag for efficient epigenomic profiling of small samples and single cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/448514v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Developmental and conditional dynamics of gene expression in single root cells of A. thaliana 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/448514v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-cell RNA-seq can yield high-resolution cell-type-specific expression signatures that reveal new cell types and the developmental trajectories of cell lineages. Here, we apply this approach to A. thaliana root cells to capture gene expression in 3,121 root cells. We analyze these data with Monocle 3, which orders single cell transcriptomes in an unsupervised manner and uses machine learning to reconstruct single-cell developmental trajectories along pseudotime. We identify hundreds of genes with cell-type-specific expression, with pseudotime analysis of several cell lineages revealing both known and novel genes that are expressed along a developmental trajectory. We identify transcription factor motifs that are enriched in early and late cells, together with the corresponding candidate transcription factors that likely drive the observed expression patterns. We assess and interpret changes in total RNA expression along developmental trajectories and show that trajectory branch points mark developmental decisions. Finally, by applying heat stress to whole seedlings, we address the longstanding question of possible heterogeneity among cell types in the response to an abiotic stress. Although the response of canonical heat shock genes dominates expression across cell types, subtle but significant differences in other genes can be detected among cell types. Taken together, our results demonstrate that single-cell transcriptomics holds promise for studying plant development and plant physiology with unprecedented resolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jean-Baptiste, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McFaline-Figueroa, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandre, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrity, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saunders, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bubb, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trapnell, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fields, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Queitsch, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cuperus, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/448514</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Developmental and conditional dynamics of gene expression in single root cells of A. thaliana]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/285650v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of cis elements for spatio-temporal control of DNA replication 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/285650v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The temporal order of DNA replication (replication timing, RT) is highly coupled with genome architecture, but cis-elements regulating spatio-temporal control of replication have remained elusive. We performed an extensive series of CRISPR mediated deletions and inversions and high-resolution capture Hi-C of a pluripotency associated domain (DppA2/4) in mouse embryonic stem cells. Whereas CTCF mediated loops and chromatin domain boundaries were dispensable, deletion of three intra-domain prominent CTCF-independent 3D contact sites caused a domain-wide delay in RT, shift in sub-nuclear chromatin compartment and loss of transcriptional activity, These "early replication control elements" (ERCEs) display prominent chromatin features resembling enhancers/promoters and individual and pair-wise deletions of the ERCEs confirmed their partial redundancy and interdependency in controlling domain-wide RT and transcription. Our results demonstrate that discrete cis-regulatory elements mediate domain-wide RT, chromatin compartmentalization, and transcription, representing a major advance in dissecting the relationship between genome structure and function.nnHighlightsO_LIcis-elements (ERCEs) regulate large scale chromosome structure and functionnC_LIO_LIMultiple ERCEs cooperatively control domain-wide replicationnC_LIO_LIERCEs harbor prominent active chromatin features and form CTCF-independent loopsnC_LIO_LIERCEs enable genetic dissection of large-scale chromosome structure-function.nC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sima, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakraborty, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dileep, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michalski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivera-Mulia, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trevilla-Garcia, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klein, K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartlett, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Washburn, B. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paulsen, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vera, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nora, E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kraft, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mundlos, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruneau, B. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ljungman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fraser, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ay, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/285650</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of cis elements for spatio-temporal control of DNA replication]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/054031v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Initiation of mtDNA transcription is followed by pausing, and diverge across human cell types and during evolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/054031v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes are long known to be co-transcribed in polycistrones, yet it remains impossible to study nascent mtDNA transcripts quantitatively in vivo using existing tools. To this end we used deep sequencing (GRO-seq and PRO-seq) and analyzed nascent mtDNA-encoded RNA transcripts in diverse human cell lines and metazoan organisms. Surprisingly, accurate detection of human mtDNA transcription initiation sites (TIS) in the heavy and light strands revealed a novel conserved transcription pausing site near the light strand TIS, upstream to the transcription-replication transition region. This pausing site correlated with the presence of a bacterial pausing sequence motif, yet the transcription pausing index varied quantitatively among the cell lines. Analysis of non-human organisms enabled de novo mtDNA sequence assembly, as well as detection of previously unknown mtDNA TIS, pausing, and transcription termination sites with unprecedented accuracy. Whereas mammals (chimpanzee, rhesus macaque, rat, and mouse) showed a human-like mtDNA transcription pattern, the invertebrate pattern (Drosophila and C. elegans) profoundly diverged. Our approach paves the path towards in vivo, quantitative, reference sequence-free analysis of mtDNA transcription in all eukaryotes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Amit Blumberg</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edward J. Rice</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anshul Kundaje</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charles G. Danko</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dan Mishmar</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-05-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/054031</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Initiation of mtDNA transcription is followed by pausing, and diverge across human cell types and during evolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-05-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/305359v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Complementary chromosome folding by transcription factors and cohesin 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/305359v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The spatial organisation of interphase chromosomes is known to affect genomic function, yet the principles behind such organisation remain elusive. Here, we first compare and then combine two well-known biophysical models, the transcription factor (TF) and loop extrusion (LE) models, and dissect their respective roles in organising the genome. Our results suggest that extrusion and transcription factors play complementary roles in folding the genome: the former are necessary to compact gene deserts or "inert chromatin" regions, the latter are sufficient to explain most of the structure found in transcriptionally active or repressed domains. Finally, we find that to reproduce interaction patterns found in HiC experiments we do not need to postulate an explicit motor activity of cohesin (or other extruding factors): a model where co-hesin molecules behave as molecular slip-links sliding diffusively along chromatin works equally well.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pereira, M. C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brackley, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michieletto, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Annunziatella, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bianco, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiariello, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicodemi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marenduzzo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/305359</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Complementary chromosome folding by transcription factors and cohesin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/685255v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Local rewiring of genome - nuclear lamina interactions by transcription. 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/685255v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcriptionally inactive genes are often positioned at the nuclear lamina (NL), as part of large lamina-associated domains (LADs). Activation of such genes is often accompanied by repositioning towards the nuclear interior. How this process works and how it impacts flanking chromosomal regions is poorly understood. We addressed these questions by systematic manipulation of gene activity and detailed analysis of NL interactions. Activation of genes inside LADs typically causes detachment of the entire transcription unit but rarely more than 50-100 kb of flanking DNA, even when multiple neighboring genes are activated. The degree of detachment depends on the expression level and the length of the activated gene. Loss of NL interactions coincides with a switch from late to early replication timing, but the latter can involve longer stretches of DNA. These findings show how NL interactions can be shaped locally by transcription and point to a remarkable flexibility of interphase chromosomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brueckner, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Schaik, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leemans, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sima, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peric-Hupkes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Steensel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/685255</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Local rewiring of genome - nuclear lamina interactions by transcription.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/135699v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
3D Single-Molecule Super-Resolution Microscopy With A Tilted Light Sheet 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/135699v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tilted light sheet microscopy with 3D point spread functions (TILT3D) combines a novel, tilted light sheet illumination strategy with long axial range point spread functions (PSFs) for low-background, 3D super-localization of single molecules as well as 3D super-resolution imaging in thick cells. Because the axial positions of the single emitters are encoded in the shape of each single-molecule image rather than in the position or thickness of the light sheet, the light sheet need not be extremely thin. TILT3D is built upon a standard inverted microscope and has minimal custom parts. The result is simple and flexible 3D super-resolution imaging with tens of nm localization precision throughout thick mammalian cells. We validated TILT3D for 3D super-resolution imaging in mammalian cells by imaging mitochondria and the full nuclear lamina using the double-helix PSF for single-molecule detection and the recently developed Tetrapod PSFs for fiducial bead tracking and live axial drift correction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gustavsson, A.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petrov, P. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, M. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shechtman, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moerner, W. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/135699</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[3D Single-Molecule Super-Resolution Microscopy With A Tilted Light Sheet]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/259689v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Defect-Facilitated Buckling in Supercoiled Double-Helix DNA 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/259689v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We present a statistical-mechanical model for stretched twisted double-helix DNA, where thermal fluctuations are treated explicitly from a Hamiltonian without using any scaling hypotheses. Our model applied to defect-free supercoiled DNA describes coexistence of multiple plectoneme domains in long DNA molecules at physiological salt concentrations ({approx} 0.1 M Na+) and stretching forces ({approx} 1 pN). We find higher (lower) number of domains at lower (higher) ionic strengths and stretching forces, in accord with experimental observations. We use our model to study the effect of an immobile point defect on the DNA contour that allows a localized kink. The degree of the kink is controlled by the defect size, such that a larger defect further reduces the bending energy of the defect-facilitated kinked end loop. We find that a defect can spatially pin a plectoneme domain via nucleation of a kinked end loop, in accord with experiments and simulations. Our model explains previously-reported magnetic tweezer experiments [1] showing two buckling signatures: buckling and  rebuckling in supercoiled DNA with a base-unpaired region. Comparing with experiments, we find that under 1 pN force, a kinked end loop nucleated at a base-mismatched site reduces the bending energy by {approx} 0.7 kBT per unpaired base. Our model predicts coexistence of three states at the buckling and rebuckling transitions that warrants new experiments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brahmachari, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dittmore, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takagi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neuman, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marko, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/259689</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Defect-Facilitated Buckling in Supercoiled Double-Helix DNA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/569129v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A streamlined protocol and analysis pipeline for CUT&RUN chromatin profiling 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/569129v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We previously described a novel alternative to Chromatin Immunoprecipitation, Cleavage Under Targets & Release Using Nuclease (CUT&RUN), in which unfixed permeabilized cells are incubated with antibody, followed by binding of a Protein A-Micrococcal Nuclease (pA/MNase) fusion protein (1). Upon activation of tethered MNase, the bound complex is excised and released into the supernatant for DNA extraction and sequencing. Here we introduce four enhancements to CUT&RUN: 1) a hybrid Protein A-Protein G-MNase construct that expands antibody compatibility and simplifies purification; 2) a modified digestion protocol that inhibits premature release of the nuclease-bound complex; 3) a calibration strategy based on carry-over of E. coli DNA introduced with the fusion protein; and 4) a novel peak-calling strategy customized for the low-background profiles obtained using CUT&RUN. These new features, coupled with the previously described low-cost, high efficiency, high reproducibility and high-throughput capability of CUT&RUN make it the method of choice for routine epigenomic profiling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Meers, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bryson, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henikoff, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/569129</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A streamlined protocol and analysis pipeline for CUT&RUN chromatin profiling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/422683v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Twist-bend coupling and the statistical mechanics of DNA: perturbation theory and beyond 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/422683v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The simplest model of DNA mechanics describes the double helix as a continuous rod with twist and bend elasticity. Recent work has discussed the relevance of a little-studied coupling G between twisting and bending, known to arise from the groove asymmetry of the DNA double helix. Here, the effect of G on the statistical mechanics of long DNA molecules subject to applied forces and torques is investigated. We present a perturbative calculation of the effective torsional stiffness Ceff for small twist-bend coupling. We find that the "bare" G is "screened" by thermal fluctuations, in the sense that the low-force, long-molecule effective free energy is that of a model with G = 0, but with long-wavelength bending and twisting rigidities that are shifted by G-dependent amounts. Using results for torsional and bending rigidities for freely-fluctuating DNA, we show how our perturbative results can be extended to a nonperturbative regime. These results are in excellent agreement with numerical calculations for Monte Carlo "triad" and molecular dynamics "oxDNA" models, characterized by different degrees of coarse-graining, validating the perturbative and non-perturbative analyses. While our theory is in generally-good quantitative agreement with experiment, the predicted torsional stiffness does systematically deviate from experimental data, suggesting that there are as-yet-uncharacterized aspects of DNA twisting-stretching mechanics relevant to low-force, long-molecule mechanical response, which are not captured by widely-used coarse-grained models.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nomidis, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skoruppa, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlon, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marko, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/422683</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Twist-bend coupling and the statistical mechanics of DNA: perturbation theory and beyond]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/275354v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptional burst initiation and polymerase pause release are key control points of transcriptional regulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/275354v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcriptional regulation occurs via changes to the rates of various biochemical processes. Sequencing-based approaches that average together many cells have suggested that polymerase binding and polymerase release from promoter-proximal pausing are two key regulated steps in the transcriptional process. However, single cell studies have revealed that transcription occurs in short, discontinuous bursts, suggesting that transcriptional burst initiation and termination might also be regulated steps. Here, we develop and apply a quantitative framework to connect changes in both Pol II ChIP-seq and single cell transcriptional measurements to changes in the rates of specific steps of transcription. Using a number of global and targeted transcriptional regulatory perturbations, we show that burst initiation rate is indeed a key regulated step, demonstrating that transcriptional activity can be frequency modulated. Polymerase pause release is a second key regulated step, but the rate of polymerase binding is not changed by any of the biological perturbations we examined. Our results establish an important role for transcriptional burst regulation in the control of gene expression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bartman, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keller, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giardine, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hardison, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blobel, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raj, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/275354</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptional burst initiation and polymerase pause release are key control points of transcriptional regulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/283093v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Continuous-trait probabilistic model for comparing multi-species functional genomic data 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/283093v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A large amount of multi-species functional genomic data from high-throughput assays are becoming available to help understand the molecular mechanisms for phenotypic diversity across species. However, continuous-trait probabilistic models, which are key to such comparative analysis, remain underexplored. Here we develop a new model, called phylogenetic hidden Markov Gaussian processes (Phylo-HMGP), to simultaneously infer heterogeneous evolutionary states of functional genomic features in a genome-wide manner. Both simulation studies and real data application demonstrate the effectiveness of Phylo-HMGP. Importantly, we applied Phylo-HMGP to analyze a new cross-species DNA replication timing (RT) dataset from the same cell type in five primate species (human, chimpanzee, orangutan, gibbon, and green monkey). We demonstrate that our Phylo-HMGP model enables discovery of genomic regions with distinct evolutionary patterns of RT. Our method provides a generic framework for comparative analysis of multi-species continuous functional genomic signals to help reveal regions with conserved or lineage-specific regulatory roles.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sasaki, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crivello, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Neill, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/283093</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Continuous-trait probabilistic model for comparing multi-species functional genomic data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/325373v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DNA-segment-capture model for loop extrusion by structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) protein complexes 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/325373v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cells possess remarkable control of the folding and entanglement topology of long and flexible chromosomal DNA molecules. It is thought that structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) protein complexes play a crucial role in this, by organizing long DNAs into series of loops. Recent experimental data suggest that SMC complexes are able to translocate on DNA, as well as pull out lengths of DNA via a "loop extrusion" process. We describe a Brownian loop-capture-ratchet model for translocation and loop extrusion based on known structural, catalytic, and DNA-binding properties of the Bacillus subtilis SMC complex. Our model provides an example of a new class of molecular motor where large conformational fluctuations of the motor  track - in this case DNA - are involved in the basic translocation process. Quantitative analysis of our model leads to a series of predictions for the motor properties of SMC complexes, most strikingly a strong dependence of SMC translocation velocity on tension in the DNA track that it is moving along, with "stalling" occuring at subpiconewton tensions. A closely related hallmark of the loop-capture mechanism is a strong dependence of translocation step size on DNA tension. We also discuss how the same mechanism might be used by other structurally related SMC complexes (E. coli MukBEF and eukaryote condensin, cohesin and SMC5/6) to organize genomic DNA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Marko, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Los Rios, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barducci, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruber, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/325373</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DNA-segment-capture model for loop extrusion by structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) protein complexes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/528877v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Preformed Chromatin Topology Assists TranscriptionalRobustness of Shh during Limb Development 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/528877v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Long-range gene regulation involves physical proximity between enhancers and promoters to generate precise patterns of gene expression in space and time. However, in some cases proximity coincides with gene activation, whereas in others preformed topologies already exist before activation. In this study, we investigate the preformed configuration underlying the regulation of the Shh gene by its unique limb enhancer, the ZRS, in vivo during mouse development. Abrogating the constitutive transcription covering the ZRS region led to a shift within the Shh-ZRS contacts and a moderate reduction in Shh transcription. Deletion of the CTCF binding sites around the ZRS resulted in a loss of the Shh-ZRS preformed interaction and a 50% decrease in Shh expression but no phenotype, suggesting an additional, CTCF-independent mechanism of promoter-enhancer communication. This residual activity, however, was diminished by combining the loss of CTCF binding with a hypomorphic ZRS allele resulting in severe Shh loss-of-function and digit agenesis. Our results indicate that the preformed chromatin structure of the Shh locus is sustained by multiple components and acts to reinforce enhancer-promoter communication for robust transcription.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Paliou, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guckelberger, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schöpflin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heinrich, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esposito, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiariello, A. M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bianco, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Annunziatella, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helmuth, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haas, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jerkovic, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brieske, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wittler, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Timmermann, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicodemi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vingron, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mundlos, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrey, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/528877</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Preformed Chromatin Topology Assists TranscriptionalRobustness of Shh during Limb Development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/256818v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bend-Induced Twist Waves and the Structure of Nucleosomal DNA 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/256818v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent work indicates that twist-bend coupling plays an important role in DNA micromechanics. Here we show that this coupling induces standing twist waves in bent DNA, and we provide an analytical solution of the minimum-energy shape of a bent double-helical molecule. This solution is in excellent agreement with both coarse-grained simulations of DNA minicircles and experimental structural data for nucleosomal DNA, which is bent and wrapped around histone proteins in a superhelical conformation. Our analysis shows that the observed twist oscillation in nucleosomal DNA, so far attributed to the interaction with the histone proteins, is an intrinsic feature of free bent DNA, and should be observable in other protein-DNA complexes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Skoruppa, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nomidis, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marko, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlon, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-01-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/256818</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bend-Induced Twist Waves and the Structure of Nucleosomal DNA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-01-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/316372v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RNA polymerase II clustering through CTD phase separation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/316372v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase (Pol) II is an intrinsically disordered low-complexity region that is critical for pre-mRNA transcription and processing. The CTD consists of hepta-amino acid repeats varying in number from 52 in humans to 26 in yeast. Here we report that human and yeast CTDs undergo cooperative liquid phase separation at increasing protein concentration, with the shorter yeast CTD forming less stable droplets. In human cells, truncation of the CTD to the length of the yeast CTD decreases Pol II clustering and chromatin association whereas CTD extension has the opposite effect. CTD droplets can incorporate intact Pol II and are dissolved by CTD phosphorylation with the transcription initiation factor IIH kinase CDK7. Together with published data, our results suggest that Pol II forms clusters/hubs at active genes through interactions between CTDs and with activators, and that CTD phosphorylation liberates Pol II enzymes from hubs for promoter escape and transcription elongation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Boehning, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dugast-Darzacq, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rankovic, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, T.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marie-Nelly, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kokic, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dailey, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cramer, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darzacq, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zweckstetter, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/316372</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RNA polymerase II clustering through CTD phase separation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/829606v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MS2-TRIBE evaluates protein-RNA interactions and nuclear organization of transcription by RNA editing 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/829606v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nearly every step of RNA regulation is mediated by binding proteins (RBPs). The most common method to identify specific RBP target transcripts in vivo is by crosslinking ("CLIP" and its variants), which rely on protein-RNA crosslinking and specific antibodies. Another recently introduced method exploits RNA editing, with the catalytic domain of ADAR covalently attached to a specific RBP ("TRIBE"). Both approaches suffer from difficulties in distinguishing real RNA targets from false negative and especially false positive signals. To critically evaluate this problem, we used fibroblasts from a mouse where every endogenous {beta}-actin mRNA molecule was tagged with the bacteriophage MS2 RNA stem loops; hence there is only a single bona fide target mRNA for the MS2 capsid protein (MCP). CLIP and TRIBE could both detect the single RNA target, albeit with some false positives (transcripts lacking the MS2 stem loops). Consistent false positive CLIP signals could be attributed to nonspecific antibody crosslinking. To our surprise, the supposed false positive TRIBE targets correlated with the location of genes spatially proximal to the {beta}-actin gene. This result indicates that MCP-ADAR bound to {beta}-actin mRNA contacted and edited nearby nascent transcripts, as evidenced by frequent intronic editing. Importantly, nascent transcripts on nearby chromosomes were also edited, agreeing with the interchromosomal contacts observed in chromosome paint and Hi-C. The identification of nascent RNA-RNA contacts imply that RNA-regulatory proteins such as splicing factors can associate with multiple nascent transcripts and thereby form domains of post-transcriptional activity, which increase their local concentrations. These results more generally indicate that TRIBE combined with the MS2 system, MS2-TRIBE, is a new tool to study nuclear RNA organization and regulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Biswas, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosbash, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/829606</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MS2-TRIBE evaluates protein-RNA interactions and nuclear organization of transcription by RNA editing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.01.22.916171v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Probing multi-way chromatin interaction with hypergraph representation learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.01.22.916171v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Advances in high-throughput mapping of 3D genome organization have enabled genome-wide characterization of chromatin interactions. However, proximity ligation based mapping approaches for pairwise chromatin interaction such as Hi-C cannot capture multi-way interactions, which are informative to delineate higher-order genome organization and gene regulation mechanisms at single-nucleus resolution. The very recent development of ligation-free chromatin interaction mapping methods such as SPRITE and ChIA-Drop has offered new opportunities to uncover simultaneous interactions involving multiple genomic loci within the same nuclei. Unfortunately, methods for analyzing multi-way chromatin interaction data are significantly underexplored. Here we develop a new computational method, called MATCHA, based on hypergraph representation learning where multi-way chromatin interactions are represented as hyperedges. Applications to SPRITE and ChIA-Drop data suggest that MATCHA is effective to denoise the data and make de novo predictions of multi-way chromatin interactions, reducing the potential false positives and false negatives from the original data. We also show that MATCHA is able to distinguish between multi-way interaction in a single nucleus and combination of pairwise interactions in a cell population. In addition, the embeddings from MATCHA reflect 3D genome spatial localization and function. MATCHA provides a promising framework to significantly improve the analysis of multi-way chromatin interaction data and has the potential to offer unique insights into higher-order chromosome organization and function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.22.916171</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Probing multi-way chromatin interaction with hypergraph representation learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/377812v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamic multifactor hubs interact transiently with sites of active transcription in Drosophila embryos 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/377812v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The regulation of transcription requires the coordination of numerous activities on DNA, yet it remains poorly understood how transcription factors facilitate these multiple functions. Here we use lattice light-sheet microscopy to integrate single-molecule and high-speed 4D imaging in developing Drosophila embryos to study the nuclear organization and interactions of the key patterning factors Zelda and Bicoid. In contrast to previous studies suggesting stable, cooperative binding, we show that both factors interact with DNA with surprisingly high off-rates. We find that both factors form dynamic subnuclear hubs, and that Bicoid binding is enriched within Zelda hubs. Remarkably, these hubs are both short lived and interact only transiently with sites of active Bicoid dependent transcription. Based on our observations we hypothesize that, beyond simply forming bridges between DNA and the transcription machinery, transcription factors can organize other proteins into hubs that transiently drive multiple activities at their gene targets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mir, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stadler, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ortiz, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harrison, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darzacq, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eisen, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/377812</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamic multifactor hubs interact transiently with sites of active transcription in Drosophila embryos]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/855254v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-Resolution 3D Fluorescent Imaging of Intact Tissues 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/855254v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Histological analysis of fluorescently labeled tissues has been a critical tool to understand molecular organization in situ. However, assessing molecular structures within large cells and in the context of human organ anatomy has been challenging because it requires penetration of staining reagents and light deep into opaque tissues, while also conforming to the spatial constraints of high-resolution objective lenses. This methodology article describes optimized sample preparation for sub-micron resolution 3D imaging in human and rodent tissues, yielding imaging depth (>100 {micro}m) and resolution (<0.012 {micro}m3 voxel size) that has previously been limited to whole-mount in vitro organoid systems, embryos, and small model organisms. Confocal images of adult human and rodent organs, including heart, kidney, and liver, were generated for several chemical and antibody stains in cleared tissue sections >100 {micro}m thick. This method can be readily adopted by any lab performing routine histology and takes 3 days from the start of tissue preparation to 3D images.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>El-Nachef, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinson, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murry, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacLellan, W. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/855254</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-Resolution 3D Fluorescent Imaging of Intact Tissues]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.01.16.909333v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Strong intracellular signal inactivation produces sharper and more robust signaling from cell membrane to nucleus 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.01.16.909333v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
For a chemical signal to propagate across a cell, it must navigate a tortuous environment involving a variety of organelle barriers. In this work we study mathematical models for a basic chemical signal, the arrival times at the nuclear membrane of proteins that are activated at the cell membrane and diffuse throughout the cytosol. Organelle surfaces within human B cells are reconstructed from soft X-ray tomographic images, and modeled as reflecting barriers to the molecules diffusion. We show that signal inactivation sharpens signals, reducing variability in the arrival time at the nuclear membrane. Inactivation can also compensate for an observed slowdown in signal propagation induced by the presence of organelle barriers, leading to arrival times at the nuclear membrane that are comparable to models in which the cytosol is treated as an open, empty region. In the limit of strong signal inactivation this is achieved by filtering out molecules that traverse non-geodesic paths.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Do, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Gros, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peskin, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larabell, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mori, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isaacson, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.16.909333</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Strong intracellular signal inactivation produces sharper and more robust signaling from cell membrane to nucleus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/867341v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chromosomal-level genome assembly of the scimitar-horned oryx: insights into diversity and demography of a species extinct in the wild 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/867341v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Captive populations provide a valuable insurance against extinctions in the wild. However, they are also vulnerable to the negative impacts of inbreeding, selection and drift. Genetic information is therefore considered a critical aspect of conservation management planning. Recent developments in sequencing technologies have the potential to improve the outcomes of management programmes however, the transfer of these approaches to applied conservation has been slow. The scimitar-horned oryx (Oryx dammah) is a North African antelope that has been extinct in the wild since the early 1980s and is the focus of a long-term reintroduction project. To enable the selection of suitable founder individuals, facilitate post-release monitoring and improve captive breeding management, comprehensive genomic resources are required. Here, we used 10X Chromium sequencing together with Hi-C contact mapping to develop a chromosomal-level genome assembly for the species. The resulting assembly contained 29 chromosomes with a scaffold N50 of 100.4 Mb, and displayed strong chromosomal synteny with the cattle genome. Using resequencing data from six additional individuals, we demonstrated relatively high genetic diversity in the scimitar-horned oryx compared to other mammals, despite it having experienced a strong founding event in captivity. Additionally, the level of diversity across populations varied according to management strategy. Finally, we uncovered a dynamic demographic history that coincided with periods of climate variation during the Pleistocene. Overall, our study provides a clear example of how genomic data can uncover valuable insights into captive populations and contributes important resources to guide future management decisions of an endangered species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Humble, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dobrynin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Senn, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuven, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohr, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dudchenko, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Omer, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colaric, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lieberman Aiden, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wildt, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oliagi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tamazian, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pukazhenthi, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ogden, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koepfli, K.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/867341</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chromosomal-level genome assembly of the scimitar-horned oryx: insights into diversity and demography of a species extinct in the wild]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/406330v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Schizophrenia and a high-resolution map of the three-dimensional chromatin interactome of adult and fetal cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/406330v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome-wide association studies have identified hundreds of genetic associations for complex psychiatric disorders and cognitive traits. However, interpretation of most of these findings is complicated by the presence of many significant and highly correlated genetic variants located in non-coding regions. Here, we address this issue by creating a high-resolution map of the three-dimensional (3D) genome organization by applying Hi-C to adult and fetal brain cortex with concomitant RNA-seq, open chromatin (ATAC-seq), and ChIP-seq data (H3K27ac, H3K4me3, and CTCF). Extensive analyses established the quality, information content, and salience of these new Hi-C data. We used these data to connect 938 significant genetic loci for schizophrenia, intelligence, ADHD, alcohol dependence, Alzheimers disease, anorexia nervosa, autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, major depression, and educational attainment to 8,595 genes (with 42.1% of these genes implicated more than once). We show that assigning genes to traits based on proximity provides a limited view of the complexity of GWAS findings and that gene set analyses based on functional genomic data provide an expanded view of the biological processes involved in the etiology of schizophrenia and other complex brain traits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Giusti-Rodriguez, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sullivan, P. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/406330</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Schizophrenia and a high-resolution map of the three-dimensional chromatin interactome of adult and fetal cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2019.12.19.881979v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell cycle dynamics of lamina associated DNA 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2019.12.19.881979v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In mammalian interphase nuclei more than one thousand large genomic regions are positioned at the nuclear lamina (NL). These lamina associated domains (LADs) are involved in gene regulation and may provide a backbone for the overall folding of interphase chromosomes. While LADs have been characterized in great detail, little is known about their dynamics during interphase, in particular at the onset of G1 phase and during DNA replication. To study these dynamics, we developed an antibody-based variant of the DamID technology (named pA-DamID) that allows us to map and visualize genome - NL interactions with high temporal resolution. Application of pA-DamID combined with synchronization and cell sorting experiments reveals that LAD - NL contacts are generally rapidly established early in G1 phase. However, LADs on the distal [~]25 Mb of most chromosomes tend to contact the NL first and then gradually detach, while centromere-proximal LADs accumulate gradually at the NL. Furthermore, our data indicate that S-phase chromatin shows transiently increased lamin interactions. These findings highlight a dynamic choreography of LAD - NL contacts during interphase progression, and illustrate the usefulness of pA-DamID to study the dynamics of genome compartmentalization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>van Schaik, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vos, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peric-Hupkes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Steensel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.19.881979</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell cycle dynamics of lamina associated DNA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/392662v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BAMM-SC: A Bayesian mixture model for clustering droplet-based single cell transcriptomic data from population studies 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/392662v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The recently developed droplet-based single cell transcriptome sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology makes it feasible to perform a population-scale scRNA-seq study, in which the transcriptome is measured for tens of thousands of single cells from multiple individuals. Despite the advances of many clustering methods, there are few tailored methods for population-scale scRNA-seq studies. Here, we have developed a BAyesiany Mixture Model for Single Cell sequencing (BAMM-SC) method to cluster scRNA-seq data from multiple individuals simultaneously. Specifically, BAMM-SC takes raw data as input and can account for data heterogeneity and batch effect among multiple individuals in a unified Bayesian hierarchical model framework. Results from extensive simulations and application of BAMM-SC to in-house scRNA-seq datasets using blood, lung and skin cells from humans or mice demonstrated that BAMM-SC outperformed existing clustering methods with improved clustering accuracy and reduced impact from batch effects. BAMM-SC has been implemented in a user-friendly R package with a detailed tutorial available on www.pitt.edu/~Cwec47/singlecell.html.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cillo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tabib, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kolls, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruno, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lafyatis, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vignali, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/392662</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BAMM-SC: A Bayesian mixture model for clustering droplet-based single cell transcriptomic data from population studies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.01.30.927061v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GAMIBHEAR: whole-genome haplotype reconstruction from Genome Architecture Mapping data 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.01.30.927061v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationGenome Architecture Mapping (GAM) was recently introduced as a digestion- and ligation-free method to detect chromatin conformation. Orthogonal to existing approaches based on chromatin conformation capture (3C), GAMs ability to capture both inter- and intra-chromosomal contacts from low amounts of input data makes it particularly well suited for allele-specific analyses in a clinical setting. Allele-specific analyses are powerful tools to investigate the effects of genetic variants on many cellular phenotypes including chromatin conformation, but require the haplotypes of the individuals under study to be known a-priori. So far however, no algorithm exists for haplotype reconstruction and phasing of genetic variants from GAM data, hindering the allele-specific analysis of chromatin contact points in non-model organisms or individuals with unknown haplotypes.

ResultsWe present GAMIBHEAR, a tool for accurate haplotype reconstruction from GAM data. GAMIBHEAR aggregates allelic co-observation frequencies from GAM data and employs a GAM-specific probabilistic model of haplotype capture to optimise phasing accuracy. Using a hybrid mouse embryonic stem cell line with known haplotype structure as a benchmark dataset, we assess correctness and completeness of the reconstructed haplotypes, and demonstrate the power of GAMIBHEAR to infer accurate genome-wide haplotypes from GAM data.

AvailabilityGAMIBHEAR is available as an R package under the open source GPL-2 license at https://bitbucket.org/schwarzlab/gamibhear

Maintainer: julia.markowski@mdc-berlin.de
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Markowski, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kempfer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kukalev, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irastorza-Azcarate, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loof, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pombo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwarz, R. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.30.927061</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GAMIBHEAR: whole-genome haplotype reconstruction from Genome Architecture Mapping data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.02.29.971317v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An Improved 4'-Aminomethyltroxsalen-Based DNA Crosslinker for Biotinylation of DNA 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.02.29.971317v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nucleic acid crosslinkers that covalently join commentary strands have applications as both pharmaceuticals and biochemical probes. Psoralen is a popular crosslinker moiety that reacts with double stranded DNA and RNA upon irradiation with long wave UV light. A commercially available compound EZ-Link Psoralen-PEG3-Biotin has been used in many studies to crosslink DNA and double strand RNA for genome-wide investigations. Here we present a novel probe, AP3B, which uses a psoralen derivative, 4-aminomethyltrioxsalen, to biotinylate nucleic acids. We show that this compound is 8-fold more effective at labeling DNA in cells and several hundred-fold more effective at crosslinking two strands of DNA in vitro than the commercially available compound EZ-Link Psoralen-PEG3-Biotin.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wielenberg, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.29.971317</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An Improved 4'-Aminomethyltroxsalen-Based DNA Crosslinker for Biotinylation of DNA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/437459v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Condensin II inactivation in interphase does not affect chromatin folding or gene expression 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/437459v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Condensin complexes have been proposed to play a prominent role in interphase chromatin organization and control of gene expression. Here, we report that the deletion of the central condensin II kleisin subunit Ncaph2 in differentiated mouse hepatocytes does not lead to significant changes in chromosome organization or in gene expression. Both observations challenge current views that implicate condensin in interphase chromosomal domain formation and in enhancer-promoter interactions. Instead, we suggest that the previously reported effects of condensin perturbation may result from their structural role during mitosis, which might indirectly impact the re-establishment of interphase chromosomal architecture after cell division.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Abdennur, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwarzer, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pekowska, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaltiel, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huber, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haering, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirny, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spitz, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/437459</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Condensin II inactivation in interphase does not affect chromatin folding or gene expression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.02.10.941047v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-Cell Analysis of the 3D Topologies of Genomic Loci Using Genome Architecture Mapping 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.02.10.941047v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although each cell within an organism contains a nearly identical genome sequence, the three-dimensional (3D) packing of the genome varies among individual cells, influencing cell-type-specific gene expression. Genome Architecture Mapping (GAM) is the first genome-wide experimental method for capturing 3D proximities between any number of genomic loci without ligation. GAM overcomes several limitations of 3C-based methods by sequencing DNA from a large collection of thin sections sliced from individual nuclei. The GAM technique measures locus co-segregation, extracts radial positions, infers chromatin compaction, requires small numbers of cells, does not depend on ligation, and provides rich single-cell information. However, previous analyses of GAM data focused exclusively on population averages, neglecting the variation in 3D topology among individual cells.

We present the first single-cell analysis of GAM data, demonstrating that the slices from individual cells reveal intercellular heterogeneity in chromosome conformation. By simultaneously clustering both slices and genomic loci, we identify topological variation among single cells, including differential compaction of cell cycle genes. We also develop a geometric model of the nucleus, allowing prediction of the 3D positions of each slice. Using GAM data from mouse embryonic stem cells, we make new discoveries about the structure of the major mammalian histone gene locus, which is incorporated into the Histone Locus Body (HLB), including structural fluctuations and putative causal molecular mechanisms. Our methods are packaged as SluiceBox, a toolkit for mining GAM data. Our approach represents a new method of investigating variation in 3D genome topology among individual cells across space and time.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Welch, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baugher, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marzluff, W. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welch, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pombo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.10.941047</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-Cell Analysis of the 3D Topologies of Genomic Loci Using Genome Architecture Mapping]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.03.09.982967v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SPIN reveals genome-wide landscape of nuclear compartmentalization 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.03.09.982967v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromosomes segregate differentially relative to distinct subnuclear structures, but this genome-wide compartmentalization, pivotal for modulating genome function, remains poorly understood. New genomic mapping methods can reveal chromosome positioning relative to specific nuclear structures. However, computational methods that integrate their results to identify overall intranuclear chromo-some positioning have not yet been developed. We report SPIN, a new method to identify genome-wide nuclear spatial localization patterns. As a proof-of-principle, we use SPIN to integrate nuclear compartment mapping (TSA-seq and DamID) and chromatin interaction data (Hi-C) from K562 cells to identify 10 spatial compartmentalization states genome-wide relative to nuclear speckles, lamina, and nucleoli. These SPIN states show novel patterns of genome spatial organization and their relation to genome function (transcription and replication timing). Comparisons of SPIN states with Hi-C sub-compartments and lamina-associated domains (LADs) from multiple cell types suggest constitutive compartmentalization patterns. By integrating different readouts of higher-order genome organization, SPIN provides critical insights into nuclear spatial and functional compartmentalization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Schaik, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sasaki, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peric-Hupkes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Steensel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belmont, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.09.982967</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SPIN reveals genome-wide landscape of nuclear compartmentalization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.02.020990v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell-type specialization in the brain is encoded by specific long-range chromatin topologies 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.02.020990v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurons and oligodendrocytes are terminally differentiated cells that sustain cascades of gene activation and repression to execute highly specialized functions, while retaining homeostatic control. To study long-range chromatin folding without disturbing the native tissue environment, we developed Genome Architecture Mapping in combination with immunoselection (immunoGAM), and applied it to three cell types from the adult murine brain: dopaminergic neurons (DNs) from the midbrain, pyramidal glutamatergic neurons (PGNs) from the hippocampus, and oligodendroglia (OLGs) from the cortex. We find cell-type specific 3D chromatin structures that relate with patterns of gene expression at multiple genomic scales, including extensive reorganization of topological domains (TADs) and chromatin compartments. We discover the loss of TAD insulation, or  TAD melting, at long genes (>400 kb) when they are highly transcribed. We find many neuron-specific contacts which contain accessible chromatin regions enriched for putative binding sites for multiple neuronal transcription factors, and which connect cell-type specific genes that are associated with neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinsons disease, or specialized functions such as synaptic plasticity and memory. Lastly, sensory receptor genes exhibit increased membership in heterochromatic compartments that establish strong contacts in brain cells. However, their silencing is compromised in a subpopulation of PGNs with molecular signatures of long-term potentiation. Overall, our work shows that the 3D organization of the genome is highly cell-type specific, and essential to better understand mechanisms of gene regulation in highly specialized tissues such as the brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Winick-Ng, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kukalev, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harabula, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zea Redondo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meijer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serebreni, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bianco, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szabo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiariello, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irastorza Azcarate, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiorillo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Musella, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thieme, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irani, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torlai Triglia, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kolodziejczyk, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abentung, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Apostolova, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franke, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kempfer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akalin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teichmann, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dechant, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ungless, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicodemi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castelo-Branco, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pombo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.02.020990</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell-type specialization in the brain is encoded by specific long-range chromatin topologies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.24.059915v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparison of the Hi-C, GAM and SPRITE methods by use of polymer models of chromatin 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.24.059915v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Powerful technologies have been developed to probe chromatin 3D physical interactions genome-wide, such as Hi-C, GAM and SPRITE. Due to their intrinsic differences and without a benchmarking reference, it is currently difficult to assess how well each method represents the genome 3D structure and their relative performance. Here, we develop a computational approach to implement Hi-C, GAM and SPRITE in-silico to compare the three methods in a simplified, yet controlled framework against known polymer 3D structures. We test our approach on models of three 6-Mb genomic regions, around the Sox9 and the HoxD genes in mouse ES cells, and around the Epha4 gene in mouse CHLX-12 cells. The model-derived contact matrices consistently match Hi-C, GAM and SPRITE experiments. We show that in-silico Hi-C, GAM and SPRITE average data are overall faithful to the 3D structures of the polymer models. We find that the inherent variability of model single-molecule 3D conformations and experimental efficiency differently affect the contact data of the different methods. Similarly, the noise-to-signal levels vary with genomic distance differently in in-silico Hi-C, SPRITE and GAM. We benchmark the performance of each technology in bulk and in single-cell experiments, and identify the minimal number of cells required for replicates to return statistically consistent chromatin contact measures. Under the same experimental conditions, SPRITE requires the lowest number of cells, Hi-C is close to SPRITE, while GAM is the most reproducible method to capture interactions at large genomic distances.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fiorillo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Musella, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kempfer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiariello, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bianco, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kukalev, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irastorza-Azcarate, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esposito, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conte, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prisco, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pombo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicodemi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.24.059915</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparison of the Hi-C, GAM and SPRITE methods by use of polymer models of chromatin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.03.21.001693v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CTCF Promotes Long-range Enhancer-promoter Interactions and Lineage-specific Gene Expression in Mammalian Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.03.21.001693v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Topologically associating domains (TAD) and insulated neighborhoods (INs) have been proposed to constrain enhancer-promoter communications to enable cell-type specific transcription programs, but recent studies show that disruption of TADs and INs resulted in relatively mild changes in gene expression profiles. To better understand the role of chromatin architecture in dynamic enhancer-promoter contacts and lineage-specific gene expression, we have utilized the auxin-inducible degron system to acutely deplete CTCF, a key factor involved in TADs and IN formation, in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and examined chromatin architecture and gene regulation during neural differentiation. We find that while CTCF depletion leads to global weakening of TAD boundaries and loss of INs, only a minor fraction of enhancer-promoter contacts are lost, affecting a small subset of genes. The CTCF-dependent enhancer-promoter contacts tend to be long-range, spanning hundreds of kilobases, and are established directly by CTCF binding to promoters. Disruption of CTCF binding at the promoter reduces enhancer-promoter contacts and transcription, while artificial tethering of CTCF to the promoter restores the enhancer-promoter contacts and gene activation. Genome-wide analysis of CTCF binding and gene expression across multiple mouse tissues suggests that CTCF-dependent promoter-enhancer contacts may regulate expression of additional mouse genes, particularly those expressed in the brain. Our results uncover both CTCF-dependent and independent enhancer-promoter contacts, and highlight a distinct role for CTCF in promoting enhancer-promoter contacts and gene activation in addition to its insulator function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kubo, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ishii, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bianco, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meitinger, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hocker, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conte, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorkin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicodemi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.21.001693</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CTCF Promotes Long-range Enhancer-promoter Interactions and Lineage-specific Gene Expression in Mammalian Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.27.060145v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HiTea: a computational pipeline to identify non-reference transposable element insertions in Hi-C data 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.27.060145v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hi-C is a common technique for assessing three-dimensional chromatin conformation. Recent studies have shown that long-range interaction information in Hi-C data can be used to generate chromosome-length genome assemblies and identify large-scale structural variations. Here, we demonstrate the use of Hi-C data in detecting mobile transposable element (TE) insertions genome-wide. Our pipeline HiTea (Hi-C based Transposable element analyzer) capitalizes on clipped Hi-C reads and is aided by a high proportion of discordant read pairs in Hi-C data to detect insertions of three major families of active human TEs. Despite the uneven genome coverage in Hi-C data, HiTea is competitive with the existing callers based on whole genome sequencing (WGS) data and can supplement the WGS-based characterization of the TE insertion landscape. We employ the pipeline to identify TE insertions from human cell-line Hi-C samples. HiTea is available at https://github.com/parklab/HiTea and as a Docker image.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jain, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alver, B. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.27.060145</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HiTea: a computational pipeline to identify non-reference transposable element insertions in Hi-C data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.03.18.996660v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Retrospective identification of rare cell populations underlying drug resistance connects molecular variability with cell fate 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.03.18.996660v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Molecular differences between individual cells can lead to dramatic differences in cell fate, such as death versus survival of cancer cells upon drug treatment. These originating differences remain largely hidden due to difficulties in determining precisely what variable molecular features lead to which cellular fates. Thus, we developed Rewind, a methodology that combines genetic barcoding with RNA FISH to directly capture rare cells that give rise to cellular behaviors of interest. Applied to BRAFV600E melanoma, we trace drug-resistant cell fates back to single-cell gene expression differences in their drug-naive precursors (initial frequency of [~]1:1000-1:10,000 cells) and relative persistence of MAP-kinase signaling soon after drug treatment. Within this rare subpopulation, we uncover a rich substructure in which molecular differences between several distinct subpopulations predict future differences in phenotypic behavior, such as proliferative capacity of distinct resistant clones following drug treatment. Similarly, we show that treatments that modify the frequency of resistance can allow otherwise non-resistant cells in the drug-naive population to become resistant, and that these new populations are marked by the variable expression of distinct genes. Together, our results reveal the presence of hidden, rare-cell variability that can underlie a range of latent phenotypic outcomes upon drug exposure.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Emert, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cote, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torre, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dardani, I. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaffer, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raj, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.18.996660</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Retrospective identification of rare cell populations underlying drug resistance connects molecular variability with cell fate]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.10.036442v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-molecule diffusometry reveals no catalysis-induced diffusion enhancement of alkaline phosphatase as proposed by FCS experiments 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.10.036442v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Theoretical and experimental observations that catalysis enhances the diffusion of enzymes have generated exciting implications about nanoscale energy flow, molecular chemotaxis and self-powered nanomachines. However, contradictory claims on the origin, magnitude, and consequence of this phenomenon continue to arise. Experimental observations of catalysis-enhanced enzyme diffusion, to date, have relied almost exclusively on fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), a technique that provides only indirect, ensemble-averaged measurements of diffusion behavior. Here, using an Anti-Brownian ELectrokinetic (ABEL) trap and in-solution spectroscopy (FCS), a technique that provides only indirect, ensemble-averaged measurements of diffusion behavior. Here, using an Anti-Brownian ELectrokinetic (ABEL) trap and in-solution single-particle tracking (SPT), we show that catalysis does not increase the diffusion of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) at the single-molecule level, in sharp contrast to the ~20% enhancement seen in parallel FCS experiments using p-nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP) as substrate. Combining comprehensive FCS controls, ABEL trap, surface-based single-molecule fluorescence, and Monte-Carlo simulations, we establish that pNPP-induced dye blinking at the ~10 ms timescale is responsible for the apparent diffusion enhancement seen in FCS. Our observations urge a crucial revisit of various experimental findings and theoretical models--including those of our own--in the field, and indicate that in-solution SPT and ABEL trap are more reliable means to investigate diffusion phenomena at the nanoscale.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTRecent experiments have suggested that the energy released by a chemical reaction can propel its enzyme catalyst (for example, alkaline phosphatase, ALP). However, this topic remains controversial, partially due to the indirect and ensemble nature of existing measurements. Here, we used recently developed single-molecule approaches to monitor directly the motions of individual proteins in aqueous solution and find that single ALP enzymes do not diffuse faster under catalysis. Instead, we demonstrate that interactions between the fluorescent dye and the enzymes substrate can produce the signature of apparent diffusion enhancement in fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), the standard ensemble assay currently used to study enzyme diffusion and indicate that single-molecule approaches provide a more robust means to investigate diffusion at the nanoscale.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaw, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woringer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darzacq, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marqusee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bustamante, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.10.036442</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-molecule diffusometry reveals no catalysis-induced diffusion enhancement of alkaline phosphatase as proposed by FCS experiments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.03.21.001917v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exploring Chromosomal Structural Heterogeneity AcrossMultiple Cell Lines 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.03.21.001917v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We study the structural ensembles of human chromosomes across different cell types. Using computer simulations, we generate cell-specific 3D chromosomal structures and compare them to recently published chromatin structures obtained through microscopy. We demonstrate using a combination of machine learning and polymer physics simulations that epigenetic information can be used to predict the structural ensembles of multiple human cell lines. The chromosomal structures obtained in silico are quantitatively consistent with those obtained through microscopy as well as DNA-DNA proximity ligation assays. Theory predicts that chromosome structures are fluid and can only be described by an ensemble, which is consistent with the observation that chromosomes exhibit no unique fold. Nevertheless, our analysis of both structures from simulation and microscopy reveals that short segments of chromatin make transitions between a closed conformation and an open dumbbell conformation. This conformational transition appears to be consistent with a two-state process with an effective free energy cost of about four times the effective information theoretic temperature. Finally, we study the conformational changes associated with the switching of genomic compartments observed in human cell lines. Genetically identical but epigenetically distinct cell types appear to rearrange their respective structural ensembles to expose segments of transcriptionally active chromatin, belonging to the A genomic compartment, towards the surface of the chromosome, while inactive segments, belonging to the B compartment, move to the interior. The formation of genomic compartments resembles hydrophobic collapse in protein folding, with the aggregation of denser and predominantly inactive chromatin driving the positioning of active chromatin toward the surface of individual chromosomal territories.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cheng, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Contessoto, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aiden, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolynes, P. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Pierro, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Onuchic, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.21.001917</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exploring Chromosomal Structural Heterogeneity AcrossMultiple Cell Lines]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.03.18.997494v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
EMU: reconfigurable graphical user interfaces for Micro-Manager 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.03.18.997494v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Advanced light microscopy methods are becoming increasingly popular in biological research. Their ease of use depends, besides experimental aspects, on intuitive user interfaces. The open-source software Micro-Manager offers a universal interface for microscope control but requires implementing plugins to further tailor it to specific systems. Since even similar devices can have different Micro-Manager properties (such as power percentage versus absolute power), transferring user interfaces to other systems is usually very restricted.

We developed Easier Micro-Manager User interface (EMU), a Micro-Manager plugin, to simplify building flexible and reconfigurable user interfaces. EMU offers a choice of interfaces that are rapidly ready to use thanks to an intuitive configuration menu. In particular, the configuration menu allows mapping device properties to the various functions of the interface in a few clicks. Exchanging or adding new devices to the microscope no longer requires rewriting code. The EMU framework also simplifies implementing a new interface by providing the configuration and device interaction mechanisms. The user interface can be built by using a drag-and-drop tool in ones favorite Java development environment and writing a few lines of code for compatibility with EMU.

Micro-Manager users now have a powerful tool to improve the user experience on their instruments. EMU interfaces can be easily transferred to new microscopes and shared with other research groups. In the future, newly developed interfaces will be added to EMU to benefit the whole community.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Deschamps, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ries, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.18.997494</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[EMU: reconfigurable graphical user interfaces for Micro-Manager]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.03.03.975680v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regulation of gene expression by repression condensates during development 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.03.03.975680v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
There is emerging evidence for transcription condensates in the activation of gene expression1-3. However, there is considerably less information regarding transcriptional repression, despite its pervasive importance in regulating gene expression in development and disease. Here, we explore the role of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in the organization of the Groucho/TLE (Gro) family of transcriptional corepressors, which interact with a variety of sequence-specific repressors such as Hes/Hairy4. Gro-dependent repressors have been implicated in a variety of developmental processes, including segmentation of the Drosophila embryo and somitogenesis in vertebrates. These repressors bind to specific recognition sequences, but instead of interacting with coactivators (e.g., Mediator) they recruit Gro corepressors5. Gro contains a series of WD40 repeats that are thought to mediate oligomerization6. How putative Hes/Gro oligomers repress transcription has been the subject of numerous studies5, 6. Here we show that Hes/Gro complexes form discrete puncta within nuclei of living Ciona embryos. These puncta rapidly dissolve during the onset of mitosis and reappear in the ensuing cell cycle. Modified Hes/Gro complexes that are unable to bind DNA exhibit the properties of viscous liquid droplets, similar to those underlying the biogenesis of P-granules in C. elegans7 and nucleoli in Xenopus oocytes8. These observations provide vivid evidence for LLPS in the control of gene expression and suggest a simple physical exclusion mechanism for transcriptional repression. WD40 repeats have been implicated in a wide variety of cellular processes in addition to transcriptional repression9. We suggest that protein interactions using WD40 motifs might be a common feature of processes reliant on LLPS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Treen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shimobayashi, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eeftens, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brangwynne, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levine, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.03.975680</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regulation of gene expression by repression condensates during development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.02.05.935106v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ultrastructural Visualization of 3D Chromatin Folding Using Serial Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy and In Situ Hybridization (3D-EMISH) 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.02.05.935106v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human genome is extensively folded into 3-dimensional organization, yet the detailed 3D chromatin folding structures have not been fully visualized due to the lack of robust and ultra- resolution imaging capability. Here, we report the development of a novel electron microscopy method that combines serial block-face scanning electron microscopy with in situ hybridization (3D-EMISH) to visualize 3D chromatin folding at targeted genomic regions with ultra-resolution (5x5x30 nm in xyz dimensions, respectively). We applied 3D-EMISH to human lymphoblastoid cells at a 1.7 Mb segment of the genome and visualized a large number of distinctive 3D chromatin folding structures in high ultra-resolution. We further quantitatively characterized the reconstituted chromatin folding structures by identifying sub-domains, and uncovered a high level of heterogeneity in chromatin folding ultrastructures, suggestive of extensive dynamic fluidity in 3D chromatin states.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Trzaskoma, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruszczycki, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pels, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krawczyk, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bokota, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szczepankiewicz, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aaron, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walczak, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sliwinska, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magalska, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kadloff, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolny, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parteka, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arabasz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiss- Arabasz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plewczynski, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilczynski, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.05.935106</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ultrastructural Visualization of 3D Chromatin Folding Using Serial Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy and In Situ Hybridization (3D-EMISH)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.02.27.968578v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fluorophore-labelled RNA aptamers to common protein tags as super-resolution imaging reagents. 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.02.27.968578v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Developing labelling methods that densely and specifically label targeted cellular structures is critically important for centroid localization-based super-resolution microscopy. Being easy and inexpensive to produce in the laboratory and of relatively small size, RNA aptamers have potential as a substitute for conventional antibody labelling. By using aptamers selected against common protein tags - GFP (green fluorescent protein) in this case - we demonstrate labelling methods using dSTORM-compatible fluorophores for STORM and hybridizable imager strands for DNA-PAINT super-resolution optical imaging of any cellular proteins fused to the aptamer binding target. We show that we can label both extracellular and intracellular proteins for super-resolution imaging, and that the method in particular, offers some interesting advantages for live cell super-resolution imaging of plasma membrane proteins.

KEY POINTSO_LIA simple to use RNA aptamer method for super-resolution STORM and PAINT imaging in cells expressing common protein tags.
C_LIO_LIThe method has a number of unique advantages for live cell imaging at the nanometer scale.
C_LIO_LIProvides a means to quantify the number of proteins being trafficked on the plasma membrane.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zipfel, W. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.27.968578</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fluorophore-labelled RNA aptamers to common protein tags as super-resolution imaging reagents.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.03.05.979070v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chromatin Topology Reorganization and Transcription Repression by PML/RARα in Acute Promyeloid Leukemia 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.03.05.979070v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundAcute promyeloid leukemia (APL) is characterized by the oncogenic fusion protein PML/RAR, a major etiological agent in APL. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of PML/RAR in leukemogenesis remains largely unknown.

ResultsUsing an inducible system, we comprehensively analyzed the 3D genome organization in myeloid cells and its reorganization after PML/RAR induction, and performed additional analyses in patient-derived APL cells with native PML/RAR. We discovered that PML/RAR mediates extensive chromatin interactions genome-wide. Globally, it redefines the chromatin topology of the myeloid genome toward a more condensed configuration in APL cells; locally, it intrudes RNAPII-associated interaction domains, interrupts myeloid-specific transcription factors binding at enhancers and super-enhancers, and leads to transcriptional repression of genes critical for myeloid differentiation and maturation.

ConclusionsOur results not only provide novel topological insights for the roles of PML/RAR in transforming myeloid cells into leukemia cells, but further uncover a topological framework of a molecular mechanism for oncogenic fusion proteins in cancers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ruan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.05.979070</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chromatin Topology Reorganization and Transcription Repression by PML/RARα in Acute Promyeloid Leukemia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.02.23.961672v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Non-coding germline GATA3 variants alter chromatin topology and contribute to pathogenesis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.02.23.961672v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Inherited non-coding genetic variants confer significant disease susceptibility in many cancers. However, the molecular processes of by which germline variants contribute to somatic lesions are poorly understood. We performed targeted sequencing in 5,008 patients and identified a key regulatory germline variant in GATA3 strongly associated with Philadelphia chromosome-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph-like ALL). By creating an isogenic cellular model with CRISPR-Cas9 system, we showed that this variant activated a strong enhancer that significantly upregulated GATA3 transcription, which in turn reshaped the global chromatin accessibility and 3D genome organization. Remarkably, this genotype switch induced a chromatin loop between the CRLF2 oncogene and a distal enhancer, similar to the somatically acquired super-enhancer hijacking event in patients. GATA3 genotype-related alterations in transcriptional control and 3D chromatin organization were further validated in Ph-like ALL patients. Finally, we showed that GATA3 directly regulates CRLF2 and potentiates the oncogenic effects of JAK-STAT signaling in leukemogenesis. Altogether, our results provide evidence for a novel mechanism by which a germline non-coding variant contributes to oncogene activation epigenetic regulation and 3D genome reprogramming.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberts, K. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, M.-x.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez-Andreu, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iyyanki, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reshmi, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gastier-Foster, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pui, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans, W. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunger, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Platanias, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Relling, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mullighan, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loh, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yue, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.23.961672</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Non-coding germline GATA3 variants alter chromatin topology and contribute to pathogenesis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.06.028092v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The spatial distributions of pre-mRNAs suggest post-transcriptional splicing of specific introns within endogenous genes 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.06.028092v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Splicing is the stepwise molecular process by which introns are removed from pre-mRNA and exons are joined together to form mature mRNA sequences. The ordering and spatial distribution of these steps remain controversial, with opposing models suggesting splicing occurs either during or after transcription. We used single-molecule RNA FISH, expansion microscopy, and live-cell imaging to reveal the spatiotemporal distribution of nascent transcripts in mammalian cells. At super-resolution levels, we found that pre-mRNA formed clouds around the transcription site. These clouds indicate the existence of a transcription site proximal zone through which RNA move more slowly than in the nucleoplasm. Full-length pre-mRNA undergo continuous splicing as they move through this zone following transcription, suggesting a model in which splicing can occur post-transcriptionally but still within the proximity of the transcription site, thus seeming co-transcriptional by most assays. These results may unify conflicting reports of co-transcriptional versus post-transcriptional splicing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cote, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cote, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bayatpour, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drexler, H. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexander, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wassie, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyden, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berger, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Churchman, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raj, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.06.028092</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The spatial distributions of pre-mRNAs suggest post-transcriptional splicing of specific introns within endogenous genes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.02.26.966697v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Subtype-specific epigenomic landscape and 3D genome structure in bladder cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.02.26.966697v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Muscle-invasive bladder cancers have recently been characterized by their distinct expression of luminal and basal genes, which could be used to predict key clinical features such as disease progression and overall survival. For example, FOXA1, GATA3, and PPARG have been shown to be essential for luminal subtype-specific regulation and subtype switching, while TP63 and STAT3 are critical for basal subtype bladder cancer. Despite these advances, the underlying epigenetic mechanism and 3D chromatin architecture for subtype-specific regulation in bladder cancers remains largely unknown. Here, we determined the genome-wide transcriptome, enhancer landscape, TF binding profiles (FOXA1 and GATA3) in luminal and basal subtypes of bladder cancers. Furthermore, we mapped genome-wide chromatin interactions by Hi-C in both bladder cancer cell lines and primary patient tumors, for the first time in bladder cancer. We showed that subtype-specific transcription is accompanied by specific open chromatin and epigenomic marks, at least partially driven by distinct TF binding at distal-enhancers of luminal and basal bladder cancers. Finally, we identified a novel clinically relevant transcriptional factor, Neuronal PAS Domain Protein 2 (NPAS2), in luminal bladder cancers that regulates other luminal-specific genes (such as FOXA1, GATA3, and PPARG) and affects cancer cell proliferation and migration. In summary, our work shows a subtype-specific epigenomic and 3D genome structure in urinary bladder cancers and suggested a novel link between the circadian TF NPAS2 and a clinical bladder cancer subtype.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Iyyanki, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamashita, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warrick, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meeks, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeGraff, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yue, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.26.966697</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Subtype-specific epigenomic landscape and 3D genome structure in bladder cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.03.18.997163v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Accurate 4Pi single-molecule localization using an experimental PSF model 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.03.18.997163v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Interferometric single-molecule localization microscopy (iPALM, 4Pi-SMS) uses multiphase interferometry to localize single fluorophores and achieves nanometer isotropic resolution in 3D. The current data analysis workflow, however, fails to reach the theoretical resolution limit due to the suboptimal localization algorithm. Here, we develop a method to fit an experimentally derived point spread function (PSF) model to the interference 4Pi-PSF. As the interference phase is not fixed with respect to the shape of the PSF, we decoupled the phase term in the model from the 3D position of the PSF. The fitter can reliably infer the interference period even without introducing astigmatism, reducing the complexity of the microscope. Using a spline-interpolated experimental PSF model and by fitting all phase images globally, we show on simulated data that we can achieve the theoretical limit of 3D resolution, the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB), also for the 4Pi microscope.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buglakova, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thevathasan, J. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bewersdorf, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ries, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.18.997163</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Accurate 4Pi single-molecule localization using an experimental PSF model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.02.07.939124v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exploring the coronavirus epidemic using the new WashU Virus Genome Browser 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.02.07.939124v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Since its debut in mid-December, 2019, the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has rapidly spread from its origin in Wuhan, China, to several countries across the globe, leading to a global health crisis. As of February 7, 2020, 44 strains of the virus have been sequenced and uploaded to NCBIs GenBank [1], providing insight into the viruss evolutionary history and pathogenesis. Here, we present the WashU Virus Genome Browser, a web-based portal for viewing virus genomic data. The browser is home to 16 complete 2019-nCoV genome sequences, together with hundreds of related viral sequences including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and Ebola virus. In addition, the browser features unique customizability, supporting user-provided upload of novel viral sequences in various formats. Sequences can be viewed in both a track-based representation as well as a phylogenetic tree-based view, allowing the user to easily compare sequence features across multiple strains. The WashU Virus Genome Browser inherited many features and track types from the WashU Epigenome Browser, and additionally incorporated a new type of SNV track to address the specific needs of viral research. Our Virus Browser portal can be accessed at https://virusgateway.wustl.edu, and documentation is available at https://virusgateway.readthedocs.io/.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Flynn, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Purushotham, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choudhary, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matt, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.07.939124</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exploring the coronavirus epidemic using the new WashU Virus Genome Browser]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.02.18.954610v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CRISPR-based Live Imaging of Epigenetic Modification-Mediated Genome Reorganization 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.02.18.954610v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Epigenetic modifications play an essential role in chromatin architecture and dynamics. The role of epigenetic modification in chromatin organization has been studied by Hi-C from population cells, but imaging techniques to study their correlation and regulation in single living cells are lacking. Here we develop a CRISPR-based EpiGo (Epigenetic perturbation induced Genome organization) system to track epigenetic modification-mediated relocation, interaction or reorganization of genomic regions in living cells. EpiGo-KRAB is sufficient to induce the relocation of genomic loci to HP1 condensates and trigger genomic interactions. EpiGo-KRAB also triggers the induction of H3K9me3 at large genomic regions, which decorate on the surface of HP1 condensates possibly driven by phase separation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Feng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naseri, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pederson, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.18.954610</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CRISPR-based Live Imaging of Epigenetic Modification-Mediated Genome Reorganization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/864199v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Efficient Homology-directed Repair with Circular ssDNA Donors 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/864199v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While genome editing has been revolutionized by the advent of CRISPR-based nucleases, difficulties in achieving efficient, nuclease-mediated, homology-directed repair (HDR) still limit many applications. Commonly used DNA donors such as plasmids suffer from low HDR efficiencies in many cell types, as well as integration at unintended sites. In contrast, single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) donors can produce efficient HDR with minimal off-target integration. Here, we describe the use of ssDNA phage to efficiently and inexpensively produce long circular ssDNA (cssDNA) donors. These cssDNA donors serve as efficient HDR templates when used with Cas9 or Cas12a, with integration frequencies superior to linear ssDNA (lssDNA) donors. To evaluate the relative efficiencies of imprecise and precise repair for a suite of different Cas9 or Cas12a nucleases, we have developed a modified Traffic Light Reporter (TLR) system [TLR-Multi-Cas Variant 1 (MCV1)] that permits side-by-side comparisons of different nuclease systems. We used this system to assess editing and HDR efficiencies of different nuclease platforms with distinct DNA donor types. We then extended the analysis of DNA donor types to evaluate efficiencies of fluorescent tag knock-ins at endogenous sites in HEK293T and K562 cells. Our results show that cssDNA templates produce efficient and robust insertion of reporter tags. Targeting efficiency is high, allowing production of biallelic integrants using cssDNA donors. cssDNA donors also outcompete lssDNA donors in template-driven repair at the target site. These data demonstrate that circular donors provide an efficient, cost-effective method to achieve knock-ins in mammalian cell lines.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Iyer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mir, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibraheim, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>VegaBadillo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roscoe, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luk, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mintzer, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Brito, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zamore, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sontheimer, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolfe, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/864199</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Efficient Homology-directed Repair with Circular ssDNA Donors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.27.060061v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The qBED track: a novel genome browser visualization for point processes 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.27.060061v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SummaryTransposon calling cards is a genomic assay for identifying transcription factor binding sites in both bulk and single cell experiments. Here we describe the qBED format, an open, text-based standard for encoding and analyzing calling card data. In parallel, we introduce the qBED track on the WashU Epigenome Browser, a novel visualization that enables researchers to inspect calling card data in their genomic context. Finally, through examples, we demonstrate that qBED files can be used to visualize non-calling card datasets, such as CADD scores and GWAS/eQTL hits, and may have broad utility to the genomics community.

Availability and ImplementationThe qBED track is available on the WashU Epigenome Browser (http://epigenomegateway.wustl.edu/browser), beginning with version 46. Source code for the WashU Epigenome Browser with qBED support is available on GitHub (http://github.com/arnavm/eg-react and http://github.com/lidaof/eg-react). We have also released a tutorial on how to upload qBED data to the browser (dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bca8ishw).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Moudgil, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Purushotham, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitra, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.27.060061</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The qBED track: a novel genome browser visualization for point processes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.05.078436v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Impact of chromatin context on Cas9-induced DNA double-strand break repair pathway balance 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.05.078436v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair is mediated by multiple pathways, including classical non-homologous end-joining pathway (NHEJ) and several homology-driven repair pathways. This is particularly important for Cas9-mediated genome editing, where the outcome critically depends on the pathway that repairs the break. It is thought that the local chromatin context affects the pathway choice, but the underlying principles are poorly understood. Using a newly developed multiplexed reporter assay in combination with Cas9 cutting, we systematically measured the relative activities of three DSB repair pathways as function of chromatin context in >1,000 genomic locations. This revealed that NHEJ is broadly biased towards euchromatin, while microhomology-mediated end-joining (MMEJ) is more efficient in specific heterochromatin contexts. In H3K27me3-marked heterochromatin, inhibition of the H3K27 methyltransferase EZH2 shifts the balance towards NHEJ. Single-strand templated repair (SSTR), often used for precise CRISPR editing, competes with MMEJ, and this competition is weakly associated with chromatin context. These results provide insight into the impact of chromatin on DSB repair pathway balance, and guidance for the design of Cas9-mediated genome editing experiments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schep, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brinkman, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leemans, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vergara, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Schaik, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manzo, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peric Hupkes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van den Berg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beijersbergen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medema, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Steensel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.05.078436</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Impact of chromatin context on Cas9-induced DNA double-strand break repair pathway balance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.16.099275v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chromatin folding variability across single-cells results from state degeneracy in phase-separation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.16.099275v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromosome spatial organization controls functional interactions between genes and regulators, yet the molecular and physical mechanisms underlying folding at the single DNA molecule level remain to be understood. Here we employ models of polymer physics to investigate the conformations of two 2Mb-wide DNA loci in human HCT116 and IMR90 wild-type and cohesin depleted cells. Model predictions on the 3D structure of single-molecules are consistently validated against super-resolution single-cell imaging data, providing evidence that the architecture of the studied loci is controlled by a thermodynamics mechanism of polymer phase separation whereby chromatin self-assembles in segregated globules. The process is driven by interactions between distinct types of cognate binding sites, correlating each with a different combination of chromatin factors, including CTCF, cohesin and histone marks. The intrinsic thermodynamics degeneracy of conformations results in a broad structural and time variability of single-molecules, reflected in their varying TAD-like contact patterns. Globules breathe in time, inducing stochastic unspecific interactions, yet they produce stable, compact environments where specific contacts become highly favored between regions enriched for cognate binding sites, albeit characterized by weak biochemical affinities. Cohesin depletion tends to reverse globule phase separation into a coil, randomly folded state, resulting in much more variable contacts across single-molecules, hence erasing population-averaged patterns. Overall, globule phase separation appears to be a robust, reversible mechanism of chromatin organization, where stochasticity and specificity coexist.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Conte, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiorillo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bianco, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiariello, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esposito, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicodemi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.16.099275</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chromatin folding variability across single-cells results from state degeneracy in phase-separation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.26.116962v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gene regulation gravitates towards either addition or multiplication when combining the effects of two signals 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.26.116962v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Signals often ultimately affect the transcription of genes, and often, two different signals can affect the transcription of the same gene. In such cases, it is natural to ask how the combined transcriptional response compares to the individual responses. Mechanistic models can predict a range of combined responses, with the most commonly applied models predicting additive or multiplicative responses, but systematic genome-wide evaluation of these predictions are not available. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the transcriptional response of human MCF-7 cells to two different signals (retinoic acid and TGF-{beta}), applied individually and in combination. We found that the combined responses exhibited a range of behaviors, but clearly favored both additive and multiplicative combined transcriptional responses. We also performed paired chromatin accessibility measurements to measure putative transcription factor occupancy at regulatory elements near these genes. We found that increases in chromatin accessibility were largely additive, meaning that the combined accessibility response was the sum of the accessibility responses to each signal individually. We found some association between super-additivity of accessibility and multiplicative or super-multiplicative combined transcriptional responses, while sub-additivity of accessibility associated with additive transcriptional responses. Our findings suggest that mechanistic models of combined transcriptional regulation must be able to reproduce a range of behaviors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sanford, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emert, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cote, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raj, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.26.116962</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gene regulation gravitates towards either addition or multiplication when combining the effects of two signals]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.13.149195v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unsupervised manifold alignment for single-cell multi-omics data 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.13.149195v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Integrating single-cell measurements that capture different properties of the genome is vital to extending our understanding of genome biology. This task is challenging due to the lack of a shared axis across datasets obtained from different types of single-cell experiments. For most such datasets, we lack corresponding information among the cells (samples) and the measurements (features). In this scenario, unsupervised algorithms that are capable of aligning single-cell experiments are critical to learning an in silico co-assay that can help draw correspondences among the cells. Maximum mean discrepancy-based manifold alignment (MMD-MA) is such an unsupervised algorithm. Without requiring correspondence information, it can align single-cell datasets from different modalities in a common shared latent space, showing promising results on simulations and a small-scale single-cell experiment with 61 cells. However, it is essential to explore the applicability of this method to larger single-cell experiments with thousands of cells so that it can be of practical interest to the community. In this paper, we apply MMD-MA to two recent datasets that measure transcriptome and chromatin accessibility in ~2000 single cells. To scale the runtime of MMD-MA to a more substantial number of cells, we extend the original implementation to run on GPUs. We also introduce a method to automatically select one of the user-defined parameters, thus reducing the hyperparameter search space. We demonstrate that the proposed extensions allow MMD-MA to accurately align state-of-the-art single-cell experiments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Singh, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demetci, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonora, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramani, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shendure, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Disteche, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noble, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.13.149195</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unsupervised manifold alignment for single-cell multi-omics data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.11.147207v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Responsiveness to perturbations is a hallmark of transcription factors that maintain cell identity 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.11.147207v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Our ability to identify the particular transcription factors that maintain cell type is limited. Identification of factors by their cell type-specific expression or their participation in developmental regulation has been only modestly successful. We hypothesized that because cell type is often resilient to perturbations, the transcriptional response to perturbations would identify identity-maintaining factors. We developed Perturbation Panel Profiling (P3) as a framework for perturbing cells in dozens of conditions and measuring gene expression responsiveness transcriptome-wide. Applying P3 to human iPSC-derived cardiac myocytes showed that transcription factors known to function in cardiac differentiation and maintenance were among the most frequently up-regulated (most responsive). We reasoned that one potential function of responsive genes may be to maintain cellular identity. We identified responsive transcription factors in fibroblasts using P3 and found that suppressing their expression led to enhanced reprogramming efficiency. We propose that responsiveness to perturbations is a property of factors that help maintain cellular identity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mellis, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edelstein, H. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Truitt, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beck, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Symmons, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goyal, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunagin, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Linares Saldana, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raj, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.11.147207</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Responsiveness to perturbations is a hallmark of transcription factors that maintain cell identity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.03.128561v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chromatin Mechanics Dictates Subdiffusion and Coarsening Dynamics of Embedded Condensates 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.03.128561v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
DNA is organized into chromatin, a complex polymeric material which stores information and controls gene expression. An emerging mechanism for biological organization, particularly within the crowded nucleus, is biomolecular phase separation into condensed droplets of protein and nucleic acids. However, the way in which chromatin impacts the dynamics of phase separation and condensate formation is poorly understood. Here, we utilize a powerful optogenetic strategy to examine the interplay of droplet coarsening with the surrounding viscoelastic chromatin network. We demonstrate that droplet growth dynamics are directly inhibited by the chromatin-dense environment, which gives rise to an anomalously slow coarsening exponent, {beta}[~]0.12, contrasting with the classical prediction of {beta}[~] 1/3. Using scaling arguments and simulations, we show how this arrested growth can arise due to subdiffusion of individual condensates, predicting {beta}[~]/3, where  is the diffusion exponent. Tracking the fluctuating motion of condensates within chromatin reveals a subdiffusive exponent, [~]0.5, which explains the anomalous coarsening behavior and is also consistent with Rouse-like dynamics arising from the entangled chromatin. Our findings have implications for the biophysical regulation of the size and shape of biomolecular condensates, and suggest that condensate emulsions can be used to probe the viscoelastic mechanical environment within living cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, D. S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wingreen, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brangwynne, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.03.128561</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chromatin Mechanics Dictates Subdiffusion and Coarsening Dynamics of Embedded Condensates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.28.066787v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gromov-Wasserstein optimal transport to align single-cell multi-omics data 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.28.066787v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Data integration of single-cell measurements is critical for understanding cell development and disease, but the lack of correspondence between different types of measurements makes such efforts challenging. Several unsupervised algorithms can align heterogeneous single-cell measurements in a shared space, enabling the creation of mappings between single cells in different data domains. However, these algorithms require hyperparameter tuning for high-quality alignments, which is difficult in an unsupervised setting without correspondence information for validation. We present Single-Cell alignment using Optimal Transport (SCOT), an unsupervised learning algorithm that uses Gromov Wasserstein-based optimal transport to align single-cell multi-omics datasets. We compare the alignment performance of SCOT with state-of-the-art algorithms on four simulated and two real-world datasets. SCOT performs on par with state-of-the-art methods but is faster and requires tuning fewer hyperparameters. Furthermore, we provide an algorithm for SCOT to use Gromov Wasserstein distance to guide the parameter selection. Thus, unlike previous methods, SCOT aligns well without using any orthogonal correspondence information to pick the hyperparameters. Our source code and scripts for replicating the results are available at https://github.com/rsinghlab/SCOT.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Demetci, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santorella, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandstede, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noble, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.28.066787</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gromov-Wasserstein optimal transport to align single-cell multi-omics data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.07.192526v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CTCF Mediates Dosage and Sequence-context-dependent Transcriptional Insulation through Formation of Local Chromatin Domains 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.07.192526v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Insulators play a critical role in spatiotemporal gene expression in metazoans by separating active and repressive chromatin domains and preventing inappropriate enhancer-promoter contacts. The evolutionarily conserved CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) is required for insulator function in mammals, but not all of its binding sites act as insulators. Here, we explore the sequence requirements of CTCF-mediated transcriptional insulation with the use of a sensitive insulator reporter assay in mouse embryonic stem cells. We find that insulation potency depends on the number of CTCF binding sites in tandem. Furthermore, CTCF-mediated insulation is dependent on DNA sequences flanking its core binding motifs, and CTCF binding sites at topologically associating domain(TAD) boundaries are more likely to function as insulators than those outside TAD boundaries, independent of binding strength. Using chromosomal conformation capture assays and high-resolution chromatin imaging techniques, we demonstrate that insulators form local chromatin domain boundaries and reduce enhancer-promoter contacts. Taken together, our results provide strong genetic, molecular, and structural evidence connecting chromatin topology to the action of insulators in the mammalian genome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hui Huang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quan Zhu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adam Jussila</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuanyuan Han</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bogdan Bintu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colin Kern</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mattia Conte</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yanxiao Zhang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simona Bianco</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrea Chiariello</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao Yu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rong Hu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivan Juric</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ming Hu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mario Nicodemi</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiaowei Zhuang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bing Ren</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.07.192526</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CTCF Mediates Dosage and Sequence-context-dependent Transcriptional Insulation through Formation of Local Chromatin Domains]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.16.206789v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PartSeg, a Tool for Quantitative Feature Extraction From 3D Microscopy Images for Dummies 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.16.206789v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundBioimaging techniques offer a robust tool for studying molecular pathways and morphological phenotypes of cell populations subjected to various conditions. As modern high resolution 3D microscopy provides access to an ever-increasing amount of high quality images, there arises a need for their analysis in an automated, unbiased and simple way.

Segmentation of structures within cell nucleus, which is the focus of this paper, presents a new layer of complexity in the form of dense packing and significant signal overlap.

At the same time the available segmentation tools provide a steep learning curve for new users with limited technical background. This is especially apparent in bulk processing of image sets, which requires the use of some form of programming notation.

ResultsIn this paper, we present PartSeg, a tool for segmentation and reconstruction of 3D microscopy images, optimised for the study of cell nucleus. PartSeg integrates refined versions of several state-of-the-art algorithms, including a new multi-scale approach for segmentation and quantitative analysis of 3D microscopy images.

The features and user-friendly interface of PartSeg were carefully planned with biologists in mind, based on analysis of multiple use cases and difficulties encountered with other tools, to offer ergonomic interface with a minimal entry barrier. Bulk processing in an ad-hoc manner is possible without the need for programmer support. As the size of datasets of interest grows, such bulk processing solutions become essential for proper statistical analysis of results.

Advanced users can use PartSeg components as a library within Python data processing and visualisation pipelines, for example within Jupyter notebooks. The tool is extensible so that new functionality and algorithms can be added by the use of plugins.

For biologists the utility of PartSeg is presented in several scenarios, showing the quantitative analysis of nuclear structures.

ConclusionsIn this paper, we have presented PartSeg which is a tool for precise and verifiable segmentation and reconstruction of 3D microscopy images. PartSeg is optimised for cell nucleus analysis and offers multiscale segmentation algorithms best-suited for this task. PartSeg can also be used for bulk processing of multiple images and its components can be reused in other systems or computational experiments.

Contact g.bokota@cent.uw.edu.pl, a.magalska@nencki.edu.pl, d.plewczynski@cent.uw.edu.pl
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bokota, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sroka, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trzaskoma, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yushkevich, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grabowska, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magalska, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plewczynski, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.16.206789</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PartSeg, a Tool for Quantitative Feature Extraction From 3D Microscopy Images for Dummies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.15.204719v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Simultaneous Epigenetic Perturbation and Genome Imaging Reveal Distinct Roles of H3K9me3 in Chromatin Architecture and Transcription 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.15.204719v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite the long-observed correlation between H3K9me3, chromatin architecture and transcriptional repression, how H3K9me3 regulates genome higher-order organization and transcriptional activity in living cells remains unclear. Here we develop EpiGo (Epigenetic perturbation induced Genome organization)-KRAB to introduce H3K9me3 at hundreds of loci spanning megabases on human chromosome 19 and simultaneously track genome organization. EpiGo-KRAB is sufficient to induce de novo heterochromatin-like domain formation, which requires SETDB1, a methyltransferase of H3K9me3. Unexpectedly, EpiGo-KRAB induced heterochromatin-like domain does not result in widespread gene repression except a small set of genes with concurrent loss of H3K4me3 and H3K27ac. Ectopic H3K9me3 appears to spread in inactive regions but is largely restricted to transcriptional initiation sites in active regions. Finally, Hi-C analysis showed that EpiGo-KRAB induced to reshape existing compartments. These results reveal the role of H3K9me3 in genome organization could be partially separated from its function in gene repression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Feng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naseri, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pederson, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.15.204719</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Simultaneous Epigenetic Perturbation and Genome Imaging Reveal Distinct Roles of H3K9me3 in Chromatin Architecture and Transcription]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.31.230284v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiplex-GAM: genome-wide identification of chromatin contacts yields insights not captured by Hi-C 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.31.230284v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Technologies for measuring 3D genome topology are increasingly important for studying mechanisms of gene regulation, for genome assembly and for mapping of genome rearrangements. Hi-C and other ligation-based methods have become routine but have specific biases. Here, we develop multiplex-GAM, a faster and more affordable version of Genome Architecture Mapping (GAM), a ligation-free technique to map chromatin contacts genome-wide. We perform a detailed comparison of contacts obtained by multiplex-GAM and Hi-C using mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells. We find that both methods detect similar topologically associating domains (TADs). However, when examining the strongest contacts detected by either method, we find that only one third of these are shared. The strongest contacts specifically found in GAM often involve "active" regions, including many transcribed genes and super-enhancers, whereas in Hi-C they more often contain "inactive" regions. Our work shows that active genomic regions are involved in extensive complex contacts that currently go under-estimated in genome-wide ligation-based approaches, and highlights the need for orthogonal advances in genome-wide contact mapping technologies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Beagrie, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thieme, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Annunziatella, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baugher, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schueler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kramer, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiariello, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bianco, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kukalev, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kempfer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scialdone, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welch, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicodemi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pombo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.31.230284</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiplex-GAM: genome-wide identification of chromatin contacts yields insights not captured by Hi-C]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.11.242081v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A single-cell method to map higher-order 3D genome organization in thousands of individual cells reveals structural heterogeneity in mouse ES cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.11.242081v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In eukaryotes, the nucleus is organized into a three dimensional structure consisting of both local interactions such as those between enhancers and promoters, and long-range higher-order structures such as nuclear bodies. This organization is central to many aspects of nuclear function, including DNA replication, transcription, and cell cycle progression. Nuclear structure intrinsically occurs within single cells; however, measuring such a broad spectrum of 3D DNA interactions on a genome-wide scale and at the single cell level has been a great challenge. To address this, we developed single-cell split-pool recognition of interactions by tag extension (scSPRITE), a new method that enables measurements of genome-wide maps of 3D DNA structure in thousands of individual nuclei. scSPRITE maximizes the number of DNA contacts detected per cell enabling high-resolution genome structure maps within each cells and is easy-to-use and cost-effective. scSPRITE accurately detects chromosome territories, active and inactive compartments, topologically associating domains (TADs), and higher-order structures within single cells. In addition, scSPRITE measures cell-to-cell heterogeneity in genome structure at different levels of resolution and shows that TADs are dynamic units of genome organization that can vary between different cells within a population. scSPRITE will improve our understanding of nuclear architecture and its relationship to nuclear function within an individual nucleus from complex cell types and tissues containing a diverse population of cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Arrastia, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jachowicz, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ollikainen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curtis, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quinodoz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Selck, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guttman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ismagilov, R. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.11.242081</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A single-cell method to map higher-order 3D genome organization in thousands of individual cells reveals structural heterogeneity in mouse ES cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.25.267435v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RNA promotes the formation of spatial compartments in the nucleus 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.25.267435v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The nucleus is a highly organized arrangement of RNA, DNA, and protein molecules that are compartmentalized within three-dimensional (3D) structures involved in shared functional and regulatory processes. Although RNA has long been proposed to play a global role in organizing nuclear structure, exploring the role of RNA in shaping nuclear structure has remained a challenge because no existing methods can simultaneously measure RNA-RNA, RNA-DNA, and DNA-DNA contacts within 3D structures. To address this, we developed RNA & DNA SPRITE (RD-SPRITE) to comprehensively map the location of all RNAs relative to DNA and other RNAs. Using this approach, we identify many RNAs that are localized near their transcriptional loci (RNA-DNA) together with other diffusible ncRNAs (RNA-RNA) within higher-order DNA structures (DNA-DNA). These RNA-chromatin compartments span three major classes of nuclear functions: RNA processing (including ribosome biogenesis, mRNA splicing, snRNA biogenesis, and histone mRNA processing), heterochromatin assembly, and gene regulation. More generally, we identify hundreds of ncRNAs that form stable nuclear compartments in spatial proximity to their transcriptional loci. We find that dozens of nuclear compartments require RNA to guide protein regulators into these 3D structures, and focusing on several ncRNAs, we show that these ncRNAs specifically regulate heterochromatin assembly and the expression of genes contained within these compartments. Together, our results demonstrate a unique mechanism by which RNA acts to shape nuclear structure by forming high concentration territories immediately upon transcription, binding to diffusible regulators, and guiding them into spatial compartments to regulate a wide range of essential nuclear functions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Quinodoz, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhat, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ollikainen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jachowicz, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banerjee, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chovanec, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanco, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chow, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markaki, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plath, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guttman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.25.267435</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RNA promotes the formation of spatial compartments in the nucleus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.29.227199v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-Molecule Micromanipulation Studies Of Methylated DNA 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.29.227199v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cytosine methylated at the 5-carbon position is the most widely studied reversible DNA modification. Prior findings indicate that methylation can alter mechanical properties. However, those findings were qualitative and sometimes contradictory, leaving many aspects unclear. By applying single-molecule magnetic force spectroscopy techniques allowing for direct manipulation and dynamic observation of DNA mechanics and mechanically driven strand separation, we investigated how CpG and non-CpG cytosine methylation affects DNA micromechanical properties. We quantitatively characterized DNA stiffness using persistence length measurements from force-extension curves in the nanoscale length regime and demonstrated that cytosine methylation results in increased DNA flexibility (i.e., decreased persistence length). In addition, we observed the preferential formation of plectonemes over unwound single-stranded "bubbles" of DNA, under physiologically relevant stretching forces and supercoiling densities. The stiffness and high structural stability of methylated DNA is likely to have significant consequences on the recruitment of proteins recognizing cytosine methylation and DNA packaging.

Statement of SignificanceDespite countless structural and functional studies of DNA methylation, a key epigenetic mark in higher organisms, research towards the understanding of DNA intrinsic structural properties in the context of methylation layout representing different epigenetic landscapes is still in its initial stage. We utilize single molecule spectroscopy to analyze the effect of sparse symmetric and asymmetric 5-mC modification on the mechanical stability of long double-stranded DNA. Our findings establish that at physiologically relevant forces and supercoiling densities increased DNA flexibility of non-CpG methylated DNA translates to the high structural stability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zaichuk, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marko, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.29.227199</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-Molecule Micromanipulation Studies Of Methylated DNA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.19.254706v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Epigenetic memory as a time integral over prior history of Polycomb phase separation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.19.254706v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Structural organization of the genome into transcriptionally active euchromatin and silenced heterochromatin is essential for eukaryotic cell function. Heterochromatin is a more compact form of chromatin, and is associated with characteristic post-translational histone modifications and chromatin binding proteins. Phase-separation has recently been suggested as a mechanism for heterochromatin formation, through condensation of heterochromatin associated proteins. However, it is unclear how phase-separated condensates can contribute to stable and robust repression, particularly for heritable epigenetic changes. The Polycomb complex PRC1 is known to be key for heterochromatin formation, but the multitude of Polycomb proteins has hindered our understanding of their collective contribution to chromatin repression. Here, we take a quantitative live cell imaging approach to show that PRC1 proteins form multicomponent condensates through hetero-oligomerization. They preferentially seed at H3K27me3 marks, and subsequently write H2AK119Ub marks. Using optogenetics to nucleate local Polycomb condensates, we show that Polycomb phase separation can induce chromatin compaction, but phase separation is dispensable for maintenance of the compacted state. Our data are consistent with a model in which the time integral of historical Polycomb phase separation is progressively recorded in repressive histone marks, which subsequently drive chromatin compaction. These findings link the equilibrium thermodynamics of phase separation with the fundamentally non-equilibrium concept of epigenetic memory.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Eeftens, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kapoor, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brangwynne, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.19.254706</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Epigenetic memory as a time integral over prior history of Polycomb phase separation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.31.231027v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcript assembly improves expression quantification of transposable elements in single cell RNA-seq data 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.31.231027v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transposable elements (TEs) are an integral part of the host transcriptome. TE-containing noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) exhibit considerable tissue specificity and play crucial roles during development, including stem cell maintenance and cell differentiation. Recent advances in single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) revolutionized cell-type specific gene expression analysis. However, scRNA-seq quantification tools tailored for TEs are lacking, limiting our ability to dissect TE expression dynamics at single cell resolution. To address this issue, we established a TE expression quantification pipeline that is compatible with scRNA-seq data generated across multiple technology platforms. We constructed TE containing ncRNA references using bulk RNA-seq data and demonstrated that quantifying TE expression at the transcript level effectively reduces noise. As proof of principle, we applied this strategy to mouse embryonic stem cells and successfully captured the expression profile of endogenous retroviruses in single cells. We further expanded our analysis to scRNA-seq data from early stages of mouse embryogenesis. Our results illustrated the dynamic TE expression at pre-implantation stages and revealed 137 TE-containing ncRNA transcripts with substantial tissue specificity during gastrulation and early organogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.31.231027</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcript assembly improves expression quantification of transposable elements in single cell RNA-seq data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.31.276402v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Micromanipulation of prophase I chromosomes from mouse spermatocytes reveals high stiffness and gel-like chromatin organization 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.31.276402v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Meiosis produces four haploid cells after two successive divisions in sexually reproducing organisms. A critical event during meiosis is construction of the synaptonemal complex (SC), a large, protein-based bridge that physically links homologous chromosomes. The SC facilitates meiotic recombination, chromosome compaction, and the eventual separation of homologous chromosomes at metaphase I. We present experiments directly measuring physical properties of captured mammalian meiotic prophase I chromosomes. Mouse meiotic chromosomes are about ten-fold stiffer than somatic mitotic chromosomes, even for genetic mutants lacking SYCP1, the central element of the SC. Meiotic chromosomes dissolve when treated with nucleases, but only weaken when treated with proteases, suggesting that the SC is not rigidly connected, and that meiotic prophase I chromosomes are a gel meshwork of chromatin, similar to mitotic chromosomes. These results are consistent with a liquid- or liquid-crystal SC, but with SC-chromatin stiff enough to mechanically drive crossover interference.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Marko, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biggs, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.31.276402</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Micromanipulation of prophase I chromosomes from mouse spermatocytes reveals high stiffness and gel-like chromatin organization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.30.274035v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Homeotic Regulation of Olfactory Receptor Choice via NFI-dependent Heterochromatic Silencing and Genomic Compartmentalization 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.30.274035v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Expression of one out of >1000 olfactory receptor (OR) genes is stochastic but, yet, spatially organized in stereotypic anatomical segments, or "zones", along the dorsoventral axis of the mouse olfactory epithelium. We discovered that zonal OR expression is specified by OR chromatin structure and genome architecture during olfactory neuron differentiation. Specifically, across every zone dorsally expressed ORs have higher levels of heterochromatic marks and long-range contacts than ORs expressed ventrally. However, OR heterochromatin levels and frequency of genomic contacts between ORs gradually increase towards ventral zones. Consequently, ORs from dorsal indexes accumulate high H3K9me3/H3K79me3 enrichment and become silenced in ventral zones, while ORs from ventral indexes lack activating long-range genomic interactions and, thus, cannot be chosen in dorsal segments. This process is regulated by NFIA, B, and X gradients along the dorsoventral axis, triple deletion of which causes homeotic transformations on zonal OR expression, heterochromatin formation, and genomic compartmentalization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bashkirova, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monahan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osinski, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schieren, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barnea, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gronostajski, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lomvardas, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.30.274035</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Homeotic Regulation of Olfactory Receptor Choice via NFI-dependent Heterochromatic Silencing and Genomic Compartmentalization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.28.263020v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A dual mechanism of enhancer activation by FOXA pioneer factors induces endodermal organ fates 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.28.263020v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
FOXA pioneer transcription factors (TFs) displace nucleosomes and prime chromatin across enhancers of different endodermal organs in multipotent precursors before lineage induction. Here, we examined patterns and mechanisms of FOXA target site engagement using human pluripotent stem cell models of endodermal organ development. Unexpectedly, we find that only a subset of pancreatic, hepatic, and alveolar enhancers are FOXA-primed, whereas the majority are unprimed and engage FOXA only upon lineage induction. Analysis of sequence architecture revealed more abundant and stronger FOXA motifs at primed than unprimed enhancers and enrichment for lineage-specific TF motifs at unprimed enhancers. We show that FOXA recruitment to unprimed enhancers specifically depends on lineage-specific TFs, suggesting that regulatory DNA sequence logic governs temporal FOXA recruitment. Our findings suggest that FOXA-mediated enhancer priming broadly facilitates initiation of organ lineage programs, while secondary FOXA recruitment by lineage-specific TFs to the majority of enhancers confers organ specificity to gene expression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Geusz, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lam, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vinckier, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alysandratos, K.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberts, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kefalopoulou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaulton, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kotton, D. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sander, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.28.263020</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A dual mechanism of enhancer activation by FOXA pioneer factors induces endodermal organ fates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.15.340356v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MCM complexes are barriers that restrict cohesin-mediated loop extrusion 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.15.340356v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Eukaryotic genomes are compacted into loops and topologically associating domains (TADs), which contribute to transcription, recombination and genomic stability. Cohesin extrudes DNA into loops that are thought to lengthen until CTCF boundaries are encountered. Little is known about whether loop extrusion is impeded by DNA-bound macromolecular machines. We demonstrate that the replicative helicase MCM is a barrier that restricts loop extrusion in G1 phase. Single-nucleus Hi-C of one-cell embryos revealed that MCM loading reduces CTCF-anchored loops and decreases TAD boundary insulation, suggesting loop extrusion is impeded before reaching CTCF. Single-molecule imaging shows that MCMs are physical barriers that frequently constrain cohesin translocation in vitro. Simulations are consistent with MCMs as abundant, random barriers. We conclude that distinct loop extrusion barriers contribute to shaping 3D genomes.

One Sentence SummaryMCM complexes are obstacles that impede the formation of CTCF-anchored loops.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dequeker, B. J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandao, H. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scherr, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gassler, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Powell, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaspar, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flyamer, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stocsits, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, I. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duderstadt, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirny, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tachibana, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.15.340356</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MCM complexes are barriers that restrict cohesin-mediated loop extrusion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.26.356329v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DNA-loop extruding SMC complexes can traverse one another in vivo 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.26.356329v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The spatial organization of chromosomes by structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) complexes is vital to organisms from bacteria to humans 1,2. SMC complexes were recently found to be motors that extrude DNA loops 3-11. It remains unclear, however, what happens when multiple SMC complexes encounter one another in vivo on the same DNA, how encounters are resolved, or how interactions help organize an active genome 12. Here, we set up a "crash-course track" system to study what happens when SMC complexes encounter one another. Using the parS/ParB system, which loads SMC complexes in a targeted manner13-17, we engineered the Bacillus subtilis chromosome to have multiple SMC loading sites. Chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) analyses of over 20 engineered strains show an amazing variety of never-before-seen chromosome folding patterns. Polymer simulations indicate these patterns require SMC complexes to traverse past each other in vivo, contrary to the common assumption that SMC complexes mutually block each others extrusion activity 18. Our quantitative model of bypassing predicted that increasing the numbers of SMCs on the chromosome could overwhelm the bypassing mechanism, create SMC traffic jams, and lead to major chromosome reorganization. We validated these predictions experimentally. We posit that SMC complexes traversing one another is part of a larger phenomenon of bypassing large steric barriers which enables these loop extruders to spatially organize a functional and busy genome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brandão, H. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karaboja, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirny, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.26.356329</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DNA-loop extruding SMC complexes can traverse one another in vivo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.26.355164v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deep learning enables fast and dense single-molecule localization with high accuracy 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.26.355164v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) has had remarkable success in imaging cellular structures with nanometer resolution, but the need for activating only single isolated emitters limits imaging speed and labeling density. Here, we overcome this major limitation using deep learning. We developed DECODE, a computational tool that can localize single emitters at high density in 3D with highest accuracy for a large range of imaging modalities and conditions. In a public software benchmark competition, it outperformed all other fitters on 12 out of 12 data-sets when comparing both detection accuracy and localization error, often by a substantial margin. DECODE allowed us to take live-cell SMLM data with reduced light exposure in just 3 seconds and to image microtubules at ultra-high labeling density. Packaged for simple installation and use, DECODE will enable many labs to reduce imaging times and increase localization density in SMLM.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Speiser, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Müller, L.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matti, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Obara, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Legant, W. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kreshuk, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macke, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ries, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turaga, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.26.355164</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deep learning enables fast and dense single-molecule localization with high accuracy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.27.357756v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HiCRep.py: Fast comparison of Hi-C contact matrices in Python 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.27.357756v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hi-C is the most widely used assay for investigating genome-wide 3D organization of chromatin. When working with Hi-C data, it is often useful to calculate the similarity between contact matrices in order to asses experimental reproducibility or to quantify relationships among Hi-C data from related samples. The HiCRep algorithm has been widely adopted for this task, but the existing R implementation suffers from run time limitations on high resolution Hi-C data or on large single-cell Hi-C datasets. We introduce a Python implementation of HiCRep and demonstrate that it is much faster than the existing R implementation. Furthermore, we give examples of HiCReps ability to accurately distinguish replicates from non-replicates and to reveal cell type structure among collections of Hi-C data. HiCRep.py and its documentation are available with a GPL license at https://github.com/Noble-Lab/hicrep. The software may be installed automatically using the pip package installer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanders, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noble, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.27.357756</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HiCRep.py: Fast comparison of Hi-C contact matrices in Python]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.09.331900v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HP1α is a chromatin crosslinker that controls nuclear and mitotic chromosome mechanics 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.09.331900v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromatin, which consists of DNA and associated proteins, contains genetic information and is a mechanical component of the nucleus. Heterochromatic histone methylation controls nucleus and chromosome stiffness, but the contribution of heterochromatin protein HP1 (CBX5) is unknown. We used a novel HP1 auxin-inducible degron human cell line to rapidly degrade HP1. Degradation did not alter transcription, local chromatin compaction, or histone methylation, but did decrease chromatin stiffness. Single-nucleus micromanipulation reveals that HP1 is essential to chromatin-based mechanics and maintains nuclear morphology, separate from histone methylation. Further experiments with dimerization-deficient HP1I165E indicate that chromatin crosslinking via HP1 dimerization is critical, while polymer simulations demonstrate the importance of chromatin-chromatin crosslinkers in mechanics. In mitotic chromosomes, HP1 similarly bolsters stiffness while aiding in mitotic alignment and faithful segregation. HP1 is therefore a critical chromatin-crosslinking protein that provides mechanical strength to chromosomes and the nucleus throughout the cell cycle and supports cellular functions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Strom, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biggs, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banigan, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herman, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collado, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yue, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ritland Politz, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tait, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scalzo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Telling, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Groudine, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brangwynne, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marko, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stephens, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.09.331900</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HP1α is a chromatin crosslinker that controls nuclear and mitotic chromosome mechanics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.29.315671v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PYMEVisualize: an open-source tool for exploring 3D super-resolution data 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.29.315671v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Localization-based super-resolution microscopy techniques such as PALM, STORM, and PAINT are increasingly critical tools for biological discovery. These methods generate lists of single fluorophore positions that capture nanoscale structural details of subcellular organisation, but to develop biological insight, we must post-process and visualize this data in a meaningful way. A large number of algorithms have been developed for localization post-processing, transforming point data into representations which approximate traditional microscopy images, and performing specific quantitative analysis directly on points. Implementations of these algorithms typically stand in isolation, necessitating complex workflows involving multiple different software packages. Here we present PYMEVisualize, an open-source tool for the interactive exploration and analysis of 3D, multicolor, single-molecule localization data. PYMEVisualize brings together a broad range of the most commonly used post-processing, density mapping, and direct quantification tools in an easy-to-use and extensible package. This software is one component of the PYthon Microscopy Environment (python-microscopy.org), an integrated application suite for light microscopy acquisition, data storage, visualization, and analysis built on top of the scientific Python environment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Marin, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graff, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barentine, A. E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soeller, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, K. K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuentes, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baddeley, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.29.315671</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PYMEVisualize: an open-source tool for exploring 3D super-resolution data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2019.12.20.885533v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Coarse-Grained Modeling of DNA Plectoneme Formation in the Presence of Base-Pair Mismatches 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2019.12.20.885533v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Damaged or mismatched DNA bases result in the formation of physical defects in double-stranded DNA. In vivo, defects in DNA must be rapidly and efficiently repaired to maintain cellular function and integrity. Defects can also alter the mechanical response of DNA to bending and twisting constraints, both of which are important in defining the mechanics of DNA supercoiling. Here, we use coarse-grained molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and supporting statistical-mechanical theory to study the effect of mismatched base pairs on DNA supercoiling. Our simulations show that plectoneme pinning at the mismatch site is deterministic under conditions of relatively high force (> 2 pN) and high salt concentration (> 0.5 M NaCl). Under physiologically relevant conditions of lower force (0.3 pN) and lower salt concentration (0.2 M NaCl), we find that plectoneme pinning becomes probabilistic and the pinning probability increases with the mismatch size. These findings are in line with experimental observations. The simulation framework, validated with experimental results and supported by the theoretical predictions, provides a way to study the effect of defects on DNA supercoiling and the dynamics of supercoiling in molecular detail.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Desai, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brahmachari, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marko, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neuman, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.20.885533</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Coarse-Grained Modeling of DNA Plectoneme Formation in the Presence of Base-Pair Mismatches]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.06.328948v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Automated CUT&Tag profiling of chromatin heterogeneity in mixed-lineage leukemia 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.06.328948v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Acute myeloid and lymphoid leukemias often harbor chromosomal translocations involving the Mixed Lineage Leukemia-1 gene, encoding the KMT2A lysine methyltransferase. The most common translocations produce in-frame fusions of KMT2A to other chromatin regulatory proteins. Here we develop a strategy to map the genome-wide occupancy of oncogenic KMT2A fusion proteins in primary patient samples regardless of fusion partner. By modifying the versatile CUT&Tag method for full automation we identify common and tumor-specific patterns of aberrant chromatin regulation induced by different KMT2A fusion proteins. Integration of automated and single-cell CUT&Tag uncovers epigenomic heterogeneity within patient samples and predicts sensitivity to therapeutic agents.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Janssens, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meers, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Babaeva, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meshinchi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarthy, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmad, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henikoff, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.06.328948</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Automated CUT&Tag profiling of chromatin heterogeneity in mixed-lineage leukemia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.24.396713v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chromatin Fiber Folding Represses Transcription and Loop Extrusion in Quiescent Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.24.396713v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Determining the conformation of chromatin in cells at the nucleosome level and its relationship to cellular processes has been a central challenge in biology. We show that in quiescent yeast, widespread transcriptional repression coincides with the local compaction of chromatin fibers into structures that are less condensed and more heteromorphic than canonical 30-nanometer forms. Acetylation or substitution of H4 tail residues decompacts fibers and leads to global transcriptional de-repression. Fiber decompaction also increases the rate of loop extrusion by condensin. These findings establish a role for H4 tail-dependent local chromatin fiber folding in regulating transcription and loop extrusion in cells. They also demonstrate the physiological relevance of canonical chromatin fiber folding mechanisms even in the absence of regular 30-nanometer structures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Swygert, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Portillo-Ledesma, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunt, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kao, C.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlick, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noble, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsukiyama, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.24.396713</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chromatin Fiber Folding Represses Transcription and Loop Extrusion in Quiescent Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.03.366914v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptional Network Orchestrating Regional Patterning of Cortical Progenitors 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.03.366914v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We uncovered a transcription factor (TF) network that regulates cortical regional patterning. Screening the expression of hundreds of TFs in the developing mouse cortex identified 38 TFs that are expressed in gradients in the ventricular zone (VZ). We tested whether their cortical expression was altered in mutant mice with known patterning defects (Emx2, Nr2f1 and Pax6), which enabled us to define a cortical regionalization TF network (CRTFN). To identify genomic programming underlying this network, we performed TF ChIP-seq and chromatin-looping conformation to identify enhancer-gene interactions. To map enhancers involved in regional patterning of cortical progenitors, we performed assays for epigenomic marks and DNA accessibility in VZ cells purified from wild-type and patterning mutant mice. This integrated approach has identified a CRTFN and VZ enhancers involved in cortical regional patterning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ypsilanti, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pattabiraman, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Catta-Preta, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golonzhka, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindtner, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abnousi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juric, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickel, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Visel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pennachio, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawrylycz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barozzi, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nord, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rubenstein, J. L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.03.366914</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptional Network Orchestrating Regional Patterning of Cortical Progenitors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.20.390765v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell landscape of nuclear configuration and gene expression during stem cell differentiation and X inactivation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.20.390765v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mammalian development is associated with extensive changes in gene expression, chromatin accessibility, and nuclear structure. Here, we follow such changes associated with mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation and X inactivation by integrating, for the first time, allele-specific data obtained by high-throughput single-cell RNA-seq, ATAC-seq, and Hi-C. In differentiated cells, contact decay profiles, which clearly distinguish the active and inactive X chromosomes, reveal loss of the inactive X-specific structure at mitosis followed by a rapid reappearance, suggesting a  bookkeeping mechanism. In differentiating embryonic stem cells, changes in contact decay profiles are detected in parallel on both the X chromosomes and autosomes, suggesting profound simultaneous reorganization. The onset of the inactive X-specific structure in single cells is notably delayed relative to that of gene silencing, consistent with the idea that chromatin compaction is a late event of X inactivation. Novel computational approaches to effectively align single-cell gene expression, chromatin accessibility, and 3D chromosome structure reveal that long-range structural changes to chromosomes appear as discrete events, unlike progressive changes in gene expression and chromatin accessibility.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bonora, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramani, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srivatsan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trapnell, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shendure, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noble, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Disteche, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.20.390765</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell landscape of nuclear configuration and gene expression during stem cell differentiation and X inactivation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.28.359869v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HiC-ACT: Improved Detection of Chromatin Interactions from Hi-C Data via Aggregated Cauchy Test 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.28.359869v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome-wide chromatin conformation capture technologies such as Hi-C are commonly employed to study chromatin spatial organization. In particular, to identify statistically significant long-range chromatin interactions from Hi-C data, most existing methods such as Fit-Hi-C/FitHiC2 and HiCCUPS assume that all chromatin interactions are statistically independent. Such an independence assumption is reasonable at low resolution (e.g., 40Kb bin), but is invalid at high resolution (e.g., 5 or 10Kb bins) since spatial dependency of neighboring chromatin interactions is non-negligible at high resolution. Our previous hidden Markov random field based methods accommodate spatial dependency but are computationally intensive. It is urgent to develop approaches that can model spatial dependence, in a computationally efficient and scalable manner. Here, we develop HiC-ACT, an aggregated Cauchy test (ACT) based approach, to improve the detection of chromatin interactions by post-processing results from methods assuming independence. To benchmark the performance of HiC-ACT, we re-analyzed deeply sequenced Hi-C data from a human lymphoblastoid cell line GM12878 and mouse embryonic stem cell line (mESC). Our results demonstrate advantages of HiC-ACT in improving sensitivity with controlled type-I error. By leveraging information from neighboring chromatin interactions, HiC-ACT enhances the power to detect interactions with lower signal to noise ratio and similar (if not stronger) epigenetic signatures that suggest regulatory roles. We further demonstrate that HiC-ACT peaks show higher overlap with known enhancers than Fit-Hi-C/FitHiC2 peaks, in both GM12878 and mESC. HiC-ACT, effectively a summary statistic based approach, is computationally efficient (~6 minutes and ~2GB memory to process 25,000 pairwise interactions).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lagler, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abnousi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.28.359869</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HiC-ACT: Improved Detection of Chromatin Interactions from Hi-C Data via Aggregated Cauchy Test]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.26.400739v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DANGO: Predicting higher-order genetic interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.26.400739v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Higher-order genetic interactions, which have profound implications for understanding the molecular mechanisms of phenotypic variation, remain poorly characterized. Most studies to date have focused on pairwise interactions, as designing high-throughput experimental screenings for the vast combinatorial search space of higher-order molecular interactions is dauntingly challenging. Here, we develop DO_SCPLOWANGOC_SCPLOW, a computational method based on a self-attention hypergraph neural network, designed to effectively predict higher-order genetic interaction among groups of genes. As a proof-of-concept, we provide comprehensive predictions for over 400 million trigenic interactions in the yeast S. cerevisiae, significantly expanding the quantitative characterization of such interactions. Our results demonstrate that DO_SCPLOWANGOC_SCPLOW accurately predicts trigenic interactions, uncovering both known and novel biological functions related to cell growth. We further incorporate protein embeddings and model uncertainty scoring to enhance the biological relevance and interpretability of the predicted interactions. Moreover, the predicted interactions can serve as powerful genetic markers for growth response under diverse conditions. Together, DO_SCPLOWANGOC_SCPLOW enables a more complete map of complex genetic interactions that impinge upon phenotypic diversity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.26.400739</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DANGO: Predicting higher-order genetic interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.29.383067v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SPICEMIX: Integrative single-cell spatial modeling for inferring cell identity 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.29.383067v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spatial transcriptomics technologies promise to reveal spatial relationships of cell-type composition in complex tissues. However, the development of computational methods that can utilize the unique properties of spatial transcriptome data to unveil cell identities remains a challenge. Here, we introduce SO_SCPLOWPICEC_SCPLOWMO_SCPLOWIXC_SCPLOW, a new interpretable method based on probabilistic, latent variable modeling for effective joint analysis of spatial information and gene expression from spatial transcriptome data. Both simulation and real data evaluations demonstrate that SO_SCPLOWPICEC_SCPLOWMO_SCPLOWIXC_SCPLOW markedly improves upon the inference of cell types and their spatial patterns compared with existing approaches. By applying to spatial transcriptome data of brain regions in human and mouse acquired by seqFISH+, STARmap, and Visium, we show that SO_SCPLOWPICEC_SCPLOWMO_SCPLOWIXC_SCPLOW can enhance the inference of complex cell identities, reveal interpretable spatial metagenes, and uncover differentiation trajectories. SO_SCPLOWPICEC_SCPLOWMO_SCPLOWIXC_SCPLOW is a generalizable framework for analyzing spatial transcriptome data to provide critical insights into the cell type composition and spatial organization of cells in complex tissues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chidester, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.29.383067</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SPICEMIX: Integrative single-cell spatial modeling for inferring cell identity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.15.297994v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DMA-tudor interaction modules control the specificity of in vivo condensates 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.15.297994v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biomolecular condensation is a widespread mechanism of cellular compartmentalization. Because the  survival of motor neuron protein (SMN) is required for the formation of three different membraneless organelles (MLOs), we hypothesized that at least one region of SMN employs a unifying mechanism of condensation. Unexpectedly, we show here that SMNs globular tudor domain was sufficient for dimerization-induced condensation in vivo, while its two intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) were not. The condensate-forming property of the SMN tudor domain required binding to its ligand, dimethylarginine (DMA), and was shared by at least seven additional tudor domains in six different proteins. Remarkably, asymmetric versus symmetric DMA determined whether two distinct nuclear MLOs - gems and Cajal bodies - were separate or overlapping. These findings show that the combination of a tudor domain bound to its DMA ligand - DMA-tudor - represents a versatile yet specific interaction module that regulates MLO assembly and defines their composition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Courchaine, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barentine, A. E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Straube, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bewersdorf, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neugebauer, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.15.297994</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DMA-tudor interaction modules control the specificity of in vivo condensates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.12.13.422537v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiscale and integrative single-cell Hi-C analysis with Higashi 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.12.13.422537v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The advent of single-cell Hi-C (scHi-C) technologies offers an unprecedented opportunity to unveil cell-to-cell variability of 3D genome organization. However, the development of computational methods that can effectively enhance scHi-C data quality and extract 3D genome features in single cells remains a major challenge. Here, we report Higashi, a new algorithm that achieves state-of-the-art analysis of scHi-C data based on hypergraph representation learning. Extensive evaluations demonstrate that Higashi significantly outperforms existing methods for embedding and imputation of scHi-C data. Higashi is uniquely able to identify multiscale 3D genome features (such as compartmentalization and TAD-like domain boundaries) in single cells, allowing markedly refined delineation of cell-to-cell variability of 3D genome features. By applying to a scHi-C dataset from human prefrontal cortex, Higashi reveals complex cell types as well as new connections between 3D genome features and cell type-specific gene regulation. Higashi provides an end-to-end solution to scHi-C data analysis and is applicable to studying single-cell 3D genomes in a wide range of biological contexts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.13.422537</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiscale and integrative single-cell Hi-C analysis with Higashi]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.12.13.422543v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SnapHiC: a computational pipeline to map chromatin contacts from single cell Hi-C data 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.12.13.422543v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single cell Hi-C (scHi-C) analysis has been increasingly used to map the chromatin architecture in diverse tissue contexts, but computational tools to define chromatin contacts at high resolution from scHi-C data are still lacking. Here, we describe SnapHiC, a method that can identify chromatin loops at high resolution and accuracy from scHi-C data. We benchmark SnapHiC against HiCCUPS, a common tool for mapping chromatin contacts in bulk Hi-C data, using scHi-C data from 742 mouse embryonic stem cells. We further demonstrate its utility by analyzing single-nucleus methyl-3C-seq data from 2,869 human prefrontal cortical cells. We uncover cell-type-specific chromatin loops and predict putative target genes for non-coding sequence variants associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Our results suggest that SnapHiC could facilitate the analysis of cell-type-specific chromatin architecture and gene regulatory programs in complex tissues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abnousi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.13.422543</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SnapHiC: a computational pipeline to map chromatin contacts from single cell Hi-C data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.12.18.423551v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Simple biochemical features underlie transcriptional activation domain diversity and dynamic, fuzzy binding to Mediator 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.12.18.423551v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene activator proteins comprise distinct DNA-binding and transcriptional activation domains (ADs). Because few ADs have been described, we tested domains tiling all yeast transcription factors for activation in vivo and identified 150 ADs. By mRNA display, we showed that 73% of ADs bound the Med15 subunit of Mediator, and that binding strength was correlated with activation. AD-Mediator interaction in vitro was unaffected by a large excess of free activator protein, pointing to a dynamic mechanism of interaction. Structural modeling showed that ADs interact with Med15 without shape complementarity ("fuzzy" binding). ADs shared no sequence motifs, but mutagenesis revealed biochemical and structural constraints. Finally, a neural network trained on AD sequences accurately predicted ADs in human proteins and in other yeast proteins, including chromosomal proteins and chromatin remodeling complexes. These findings solve the longstanding enigma of AD structure and function and provide a rationale for their role in biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sanborn, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feigerle, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, C. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Townshend, R. J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aiden, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dror, R. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kornberg, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.18.423551</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Simple biochemical features underlie transcriptional activation domain diversity and dynamic, fuzzy binding to Mediator]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.27.386599v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
3D super-resolution fluorescence microscopy maps the variable molecular architecture of the Nuclear Pore Complex 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.27.386599v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are large macromolecular machines that mediate the traffic between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. In vertebrates, each NPC consists of ~1000 proteins, termed nucleoporins, and has a mass of over 100 MDa. While a pseudo-atomic static model of the central scaffold of the NPC has recently been assembled by integrating data from isolated proteins and complexes, many structural components still remain elusive due to the enormous size and flexibility of the NPC. Here, we explored the power of 3D super-resolution microscopy combined with computational classification and averaging to explore the 3D structure of the NPC in single human cells. We show that this approach can build the first integrated 3D structural map containing both central as well as peripheral NPC subunits with molecular specificity and nanoscale resolution. Our unbiased classification of over ten thousand individual NPCs indicates that the nuclear ring and the nuclear basket can adopt different conformations. Our approach opens up the exciting possibility to relate different structural states of the NPC to function in situ.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jimenez Sabinina, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hossain, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heriche, J.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoess, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nijmeijer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mosalaganti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kueblbeck, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Callegari, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szymborska, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beck, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ries, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellenberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.27.386599</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[3D super-resolution fluorescence microscopy maps the variable molecular architecture of the Nuclear Pore Complex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.02.366062v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HiCAR: a robust and sensitive multi-omic co-assay for simultaneous measurement of transcriptome, chromatin accessibility, and cis-regulatory chromatin contacts 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.02.366062v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The long-range interactions of cis-regulatory elements (cREs) play a central role in regulating the spatial-temporal gene expression program of multi-cellular organism. cREs are characterized by the presence of accessible (or open) chromatin, which can be identified at genome-wide scale with assays such as ATAC-seq, DHS-seq, and FAIRE-seq. However, it remains technically challenging to comprehensively identify the long-range physical interactions that occur between cREs, especially in a cost effective manner using low-input samples. Here, we report HiCAR (High-throughput Chromosome conformation capture on Accessible DNA with mRNA-seq co-assay), a method that enables simultaneous assessment of cis-regulatory chromatin interactions and chromatin accessibility, as well as evaluation of the transcriptome, which represents the functional output of chromatin structure and accessibility. Unlike immunoprecipitation-based methods such as HiChIP, PLAC-seq, and ChIA-PET, HiCAR does not require target-specific antibodies and thus can comprehensively capture the cis-regulatory chromatin contacts anchored at accessible regulatory DNA regions and associated with diverse epigenetic modifications and transcription factor binding. Compared to Trac-looping, another method designed to capture interactions between accessible chromatin regions, HiCAR produced a 17-fold greater yield of informative long-range cis- reads at a similar sequencing depth and required 1,000-fold fewer cells as input. Applying HiCAR to H1 human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) revealed 46,792 cis-regulatory chromatin interactions at 5kb resolution. Interestingly, we found that epigenetically poised, bivalent, and repressed cREs exhibit comparable spatial interaction activity to those transcriptionally activated cREs. Using machine learning approaches, we predicated 22 epigenome features that are potentially important for the spatial interaction activity of cREs in H1 hESC. Lastly, we also identified long-range cis-regulatory chromatin interactions in GM12878 and mouse embryonic stem cells with HiCAR. Our results demonstrate that HiCAR is a robust and cost-effective multi-omics assay, which is broadly applicable for simultaneous analysis of genome architecture, chromatin accessibility, and the transcriptome using low-input samples.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wei, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abnousi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.02.366062</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HiCAR: a robust and sensitive multi-omic co-assay for simultaneous measurement of transcriptome, chromatin accessibility, and cis-regulatory chromatin contacts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.12.26.424448v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systematic evaluation of chromosome conformation capture assays 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.12.26.424448v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromosome conformation capture (3C)-based assays are used to map chromatin interactions genome-wide. Quantitative analyses of chromatin interaction maps can lead to insights into the spatial organization of chromosomes and the mechanisms by which they fold. A number of protocols such as in situ Hi-C and Micro-C are now widely used and these differ in key experimental parameters including cross-linking chemistry and chromatin fragmentation strategy. To understand how the choice of experimental protocol determines the ability to detect and quantify aspects of chromosome folding we have performed a systematic evaluation of experimental parameters of 3C-based protocols. We find that different protocols capture different 3D genome features with different efficiencies. First, the use of cross-linkers such as DSG in addition to formaldehyde improves signal-to-noise allowing detection of thousands of additional loops and strengthens the compartment signal. Second, fragmenting chromatin to the level of nucleosomes using MNase allows detection of more loops. On the other hand, protocols that generate larger multi-kb fragments produce stronger compartmentalization signals. We confirmed our results for multiple cell types and cell cycle stages. We find that cell type-specific quantitative differences in chromosome folding are not detected or underestimated by some protocols. Based on these insights we developed Hi-C 3.0, a single protocol that can be used to both efficiently detect chromatin loops and to quantify compartmentalization. Finally, this study produced ultra-deeply sequenced reference interaction maps using conventional Hi-C, Micro-C and Hi-C 3.0 for commonly used cell lines in the 4D Nucleome Project.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Akgol Oksuz, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abraham, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venev, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krietenstein, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parsi, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozadam, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oomen, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nand, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Genga, R. M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maehr, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rando, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirny, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibcus, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dekker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.26.424448</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systematic evaluation of chromosome conformation capture assays]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.01.05.425437v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cohesin-mediated loop anchors confine the location of human replication origins 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.01.05.425437v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
DNA replication occurs through an intricately regulated series of molecular events and is fundamental for genome stability across dividing cells in metazoans. It is currently unknown how the location of replication origins and the timing of their activation is determined in the human genome. Here, we dissect the role for G1 phase topologically associating domains (TADs), subTADs, and loops in the activation of replication initiation zones (IZs). We identify twelve subtypes of self-interacting chromatin domains distinguished by their degree of nesting, the presence of corner dot structures indicative of loops, and their co-localization with A/B compartments. Early replicating IZs localize to boundaries of nested corner-dot TAD/subTADs anchored by high density arrays of co-occupied CTCF+cohesin binding sites with divergently oriented motifs. By contrast, late replicating IZs localize to weak TADs/subTAD boundaries devoid of corner dots and most often anchored by singlet CTCF+cohesin sites. Upon global knock-down of cohesin-mediated loops in G1, early wave focal IZs replicate later in S phase and convert to diffuse placement along the genome. Moreover, IZs in mid-late S phase are delayed to the final minutes before entry into G2 when cohesin-mediated dot-less boundaries are ablated. We also delete a specific loop anchor and observe a sharp local delay of an early wave IZ to replication in late S phase. Our data demonstrate that cohesin-mediated loops at genetically-encoded TAD/subTAD boundaries in G1 phase are an essential determinant of the precise genomic placement of human replication origins in S phase.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Emerson, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klein, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ge, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sasaki, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venvev, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibcus, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dekker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillips-Cremins, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.05.425437</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cohesin-mediated loop anchors confine the location of human replication origins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.12.24.424222v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanical frustration of phase separation in the cell nucleus by chromatin 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.12.24.424222v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Liquid-liquid phase separation is a fundamental mechanism underlying subcellular organization. Motivated by the striking observation that optogenetically-generated droplets in the nucleus display suppressed coarsening dynamics, we study the impact of chromatin mechanics on droplet phase separation. We combine theory and simulation to show that crosslinked chromatin can mechanically suppress droplets coalescence and ripening, as well as quantitatively control their number, size, and placement. Our results highlight the role of the subcellular mechanical environment on condensate regulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, D. S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meir, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brangwynne, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wingreen, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.24.424222</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanical frustration of phase separation in the cell nucleus by chromatin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.02.09.430314v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Disruption of nuclear architecture as a cause of COVID-19 induced anosmia 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.02.09.430314v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Olfaction relies on a coordinated partnership between odorant flow and neuronal communication. Disruption in our ability to detect odors, or anosmia, has emerged as a hallmark symptom of infection with SARS-CoV-2, yet the mechanism behind this abrupt sensory deficit remains elusive. Here, using molecular evaluation of human olfactory epithelium (OE) from subjects succumbing to COVID-19 and a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, we discovered widespread downregulation of olfactory receptors (ORs) as well as key components of their signaling pathway. OR downregulation likely represents a non-cell autonomous effect, since SARS-CoV-2 detection in OSNs is extremely rare both in human and hamster OEs. A likely explanation for the reduction of OR transcription is the striking reorganization of nuclear architecture observed in the OSN lineage, which disrupts multi-chromosomal compartments regulating OR expression in humans and hamsters. Our experiments uncover a novel molecular mechanism by which a virus with a very selective tropism can elicit persistent transcriptional changes in cells that evade it, contributing to the severity of COVID-19.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zazhytska, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kodra, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoagland, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fullard, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shayya, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Omer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Firestein, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Canoll, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldman, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roussos, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>tenOever, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Overdevest, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lomvardas, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.09.430314</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Disruption of nuclear architecture as a cause of COVID-19 induced anosmia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.01.06.425599v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-wide variability in recombination activity is associated with meiotic chromatin organization 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.01.06.425599v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundRecombination enables reciprocal exchange of genomic information between parental chromosomes and successful segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis. Errors in this process lead to negative health outcomes, while variability in recombination rate affects genome evolution. In mammals, most crossovers occur in hotspots defined by PRDM9 motifs, though PRDM9 binding sites are not all equally hot. We hypothesize that dynamic patterns of meiotic genome folding are linked to recombination activity.

ResultsWe apply an integrative bioinformatics approach to analyze how three-dimensional (3D) chromosomal organization during meiosis relates to rates of double-strandbreak (DSB) and crossover formation at PRDM9 hotspots. We show that active, spatially accessible genomic regions during meiotic prophase are associated with DSB-favoured hotspots, which further adopt a transient locally active configuration in early prophase. Conversely, crossover formation is depleted among DSBs in spatially accessible regions during meiotic prophase, particularly within gene bodies. We also find evidence that active chromatin regions have smaller average loop sizes in mammalian meiosis. Collectively, these findings establish that differences in chromatin architecture along chromosomal axes are associated with variable recombination activity.

ConclusionsWe propose an updated framework describing how 3D organization of brush-loop chromosomes during meiosis may modulate recombination.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fudenberg, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pollard, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.06.425599</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-wide variability in recombination activity is associated with meiotic chromatin organization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.03.01.433416v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Polymer physics and machine learning reveal a combinatorial code linking chromatin 3D architecture to 1D epigenetics 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.03.01.433416v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mammalian genome has a complex 3D organization, serving vital functional purposes, yet it remains largely unknown how the multitude of specific DNA contacts, e.g., between transcribed and regulatory regions, is orchestrated by chromatin organizers, such as Transcription Factors. Here, we implement a method combining machine learning and polymer physics to infer from only Hi-C data the genomic 1D arrangement of the minimal set of binding sites sufficient to recapitulate, through only physics, 3D contact patterns genome-wide in human and mouse cells. The inferred binding sites are validated by their predictions on how chromatin refolds in a set of duplications at the Sox9 locus against available independent cHi-C data, showing that their different phenotypes originate from distinct enhancer hijackings in their 3D structure. Albeit derived from only Hi-C, our binding sites fall in epigenetic classes that well match chromatin states from epigenetic segmentation studies, such as active, poised and repressed states. However, the inferred binding domains have an overlapping, combinatorial organization along chromosomes, missing in epigenetic segmentations, which is required to explain Hi-C contact specificity with high accuracy. In a reverse approach, the epigenetic profile of binding domains provides a code to derive from only epigenetic marks the DNA binding sites and, hence, the 3D architecture, as validated by successful predictions of Hi-C matrices in an independent set of chromosomes. Overall, our results shed light on how complex 3D architectural information is encrypted in 1D epigenetics via the related, combinatorial arrangement of specific binding sites along the genome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Esposito, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bianco, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiariello, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abraham, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiorillo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conte, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campanile, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicodemi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.01.433416</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Polymer physics and machine learning reveal a combinatorial code linking chromatin 3D architecture to 1D epigenetics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.04.16.440239v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Stripenn detects architectural stripes from chromatin conformation data using computer vision 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.04.16.440239v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Architectural stripes tend to form at genomic regions harboring genes with salient roles in cell identity and function. Therefore, the accurate identification and quantification of these features is essential for the understanding of lineage-specific gene regulation. Here, we present Stripenn, an algorithm rooted in computer vision to systematically detect and quantitate architectural stripes from chromatin conformation measurements of various technologies. We demonstrate that Stripenn outperforms existing methods, highlight its biological applications in the context of B and T lymphocytes, and examine the role of sequence variation on architectural stripes by studying the conservation of these features in inbred strains of mice. In summary, Stripenn is a computational method which borrows concepts from widely used image processing techniques for demarcation and quantification of architectural stripes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yoon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vahedi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.16.440239</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Stripenn detects architectural stripes from chromatin conformation data using computer vision]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.04.25.441198v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Towards community-driven metadata standards for light microscopy: tiered specifications extending the OME model 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.04.25.441198v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
1 -Digital light microscopy provides powerful tools for quantitatively probing the real-time dynamics of subcellular structures. While the power of modern microscopy techniques is undeniable, rigorous record-keeping and quality control are required to ensure that imaging data may be properly interpreted (quality), reproduced (reproducibility), and used to extract reliable information and scientific knowledge which can be shared for further analysis (value). Keeping notes on microscopy experiments and quality control procedures ought to be straightforward, as the microscope is a machine whose components are defined and the performance measurable. Nevertheless, to this date, no universally adopted community-driven specifications exist that delineate the required information about the microscope hardware and acquisition settings (i.e., microscopy "data provenance" metadata) and the minimally accepted calibration metrics (i.e., microscopy quality control metadata) that should be automatically recorded by both commercial microscope manufacturers and customized microscope developers. In the absence of agreed guidelines, it is inherently difficult for scientists to create comprehensive records of imaging experiments and ensure the quality of resulting image data or for manufacturers to incorporate standardized reporting and performance metrics. To add to the confusion, microscopy experiments vary greatly in aim and complexity, ranging from purely descriptive work to complex, quantitative and even sub-resolution studies that require more detailed reporting and quality control measures.

To solve this problem, the 4D Nucleome Initiative (4DN) (1, 2) Imaging Standards Working Group (IWG), working in conjunction with the BioImaging North America (BINA) Quality Control and Data Management Working Group (QC-DM-WG) (3), here propose light Microscopy Metadata specifications that scale with experimental intent and with the complexity of the instrumentation and analytical requirements. They consist of a revision of the Core of the Open Microscopy Environment (OME) Data Model, which forms the basis for the widely adopted Bio-Formats library (4-6), accompanied by a suite of three extensions, each with three tiers, allowing the classification of imaging experiments into levels of increasing imaging and analytical complexity (7, 8). Hence these specifications not only provide an OME-based comprehensive set of metadata elements that should be recorded, but they also specify which subset of the full list should be recorded for a given experimental tier. In order to evaluate the extent of community interest, an extensive outreach effort was conducted to present the proposed metadata specifications to members of several core-facilities and international bioimaging initiatives including the European Light Microscopy Initiative (ELMI), Global BioImaging (GBI), and European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) - European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI). Consequently, close ties were established between our endeavour and the undertakings of the recently established QUAlity Assessment and REProducibility for Instruments and Images in Light Microscopy global community initiative (9). As a result this flexible 4DN-BINA-OME (NBO namespace) framework (7, 8) represents a turning point towards achieving community-driven Microscopy Metadata standards that will increase data fidelity, improve repeatability and reproducibility, ease future analysis and facilitate the verifiable comparison of different datasets, experimental setups, and assays, and it demonstrates the method for future extensions. Such universally accepted microscopy standards would serve a similar purpose as the Encode guidelines successfully adopted by the genomic community (10, 11). The intention of this proposal is therefore to encourage participation, critiques and contributions from the entire imaging community and all stakeholders, including research and imaging scientists, facility personnel, instrument manufacturers, software developers, standards organizations, scientific publishers, and funders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hammer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huisman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rigano, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boehm, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chambers, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaudreault, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>North, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pimentel, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sudar, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bajcsy, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbett, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faklaris, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lacoste, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laude, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nitschke, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farzam, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grunwald, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strambio-De-Castillia, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.25.441198</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Towards community-driven metadata standards for light microscopy: tiered specifications extending the OME model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.04.26.441547v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrated spatial genomics in tissues reveals invariant and cell type dependent nuclear architecture 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.04.26.441547v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nuclear architecture in tissues can arise from cell-type specific organization of nuclear bodies, chromatin states and chromosome structures. However, the lack of genome-wide measurements to interrelate such modalities within single cells limits our overall understanding of nuclear architecture. Here, we demonstrate integrated spatial genomics in the mouse brain cortex, imaging thousands of genomic loci along with RNAs and subnuclear markers simultaneously in individual cells. We revealed chromatin fixed points, combined with cell-type specific organization of nuclear bodies, arrange the interchromosomal organization and radial positioning of chromosomes in diverse cell types. At the sub-megabase level, we uncovered a collection of single-cell chromosome domain structures, including those for the active and inactive X chromosomes. These results advance our understanding of single-cell nuclear architecture in complex tissues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Takei, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pierson, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schindler, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tischbirek, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, G.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.26.441547</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrated spatial genomics in tissues reveals invariant and cell type dependent nuclear architecture]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.03.31.436355v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantification of durable CRISPR-based gene silencing activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.03.31.436355v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Development of CRISPR-based technologies for regulating gene expression stands to provide novel methods for the study and engineering of biological behavior. New tools capable of inducing long-lasting changes in gene expression will increase the utility of these techniques, providing durable effects from one-time doses of reagents. We describe here a reporter system for quantifying the ability of CRISPR-based effectors to induce stable gene repression. We observe a continuous gradation of the ability of these effectors to silence gene expression, depending on the domain composition and configuration. We also report the creation of a single CRISPR protein capable of producing durable gene silencing. This assay should allow for the continued development of enhanced gene repression tools which will be useful in a wide array of biological research and engineering applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nakamura, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivec, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.31.436355</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantification of durable CRISPR-based gene silencing activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.05.31.446382v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Micro-Meta App: an interactive software tool to facilitate the collection of microscopy metadata based on community-driven specifications 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.05.31.446382v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
For the information content of microscopy images to be appropriately interpreted, reproduced, and meet FAIR (Findable Accessible Interoperable and Reusable) principles, they should be accompanied by detailed descriptions of microscope hardware, image acquisition settings, image pixel and dimensional structure, and instrument performance. Nonetheless, the thorough documentation of imaging experiments is significantly impaired by the lack of community-sanctioned easy-to-use software tools to facilitate the extraction and collection of relevant microscopy metadata. Here we present Micro-Meta App, an intuitive open-source software designed to tackle these issues that was developed in the context of nascent global bioimaging community organizations, including BioImaging North America (BINA) and QUAlity Assessment and REProducibility in Light Microscopy (QUAREP-LiMi), whose goal is to improve reproducibility, data quality and sharing value for imaging experiments. The App provides a user-friendly interface for building comprehensive descriptions of the conditions utilized to produce individual microscopy datasets as specified by the recently proposed 4DN-BINA-OME tiered-system of Microscopy Metadata model. To achieve this goal the App provides a visual guide for a microscope-user to: 1) interactively build diagrammatic representations of hardware configurations of given microscopes that can be easily reused and shared with colleagues needing to document similar instruments. 2) Automatically extracts relevant metadata from image files and facilitates the collection of missing image acquisition settings and calibration metrics associated with a given experiment. 3) Output all collected Microscopy Metadata to interoperable files that can be used for documenting imaging experiments and shared with the community. In addition to significantly lowering the burden of quality assurance, the visual nature of Micro-Meta App makes it particularly suited for training users that have limited knowledge of the intricacies of light microscopy experiments. To ensure wide-adoption by microscope-users with different needs Micro-Meta App closely interoperates with MethodsJ2 and OMERO.mde, two complementary tools described in parallel manuscripts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rigano, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ehmsen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozturk, S. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balashov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hammer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirli, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bellve, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boehm, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chambers, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coleman, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cosolo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faklaris, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fogarty, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guilbert, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamacher, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Itano, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keeley, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kunis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lacoste, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laude, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marcello, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montero-Llopis, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nitschke, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pimentel, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weidtkamp-Peters, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alver, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grunwald, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strambio-De-Castillia, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.31.446382</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Micro-Meta App: an interactive software tool to facilitate the collection of microscopy metadata based on community-driven specifications]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.06.10.447969v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Three-dimensional organization of chromatin associated RNAs and their role in chromatin architecture in human cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.06.10.447969v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The interphase genome is dynamically organized in the nucleus and decorated with chromatin-associated RNA (caRNA). It remains unclear whether the genome architecture modulates the spatial distribution of caRNA and vice versa. Here, we generate a resource of genome-wide RNA-DNA and DNA-DNA contact maps in human cells. These maps reveal the chromosomal domains demarcated by locally transcribed RNA, hereafter termed RNA-defined chromosomal domains. Further, the spreading of caRNA is constrained by the boundaries of topologically associating domains (TADs), demonstrating the role of the 3D genome structure in modulating the spatial distribution of RNA. Conversely, stopping transcription or acute depletion of RNA induces thousands of chromatin loops genome-wide. Activation or suppression of the transcription of specific genes suppresses or creates chromatin loops straddling these genes. Deletion of a specific caRNA-producing genomic sequence promotes chromatin loops that straddle the interchromosomal target sequences of this caRNA. These data suggest a feedback loop where the 3D genome modulates the spatial distribution of RNA, which in turn affects the dynamic 3D genome organization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Calandrelli, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaleta-Rivera, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.10.447969</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Three-dimensional organization of chromatin associated RNAs and their role in chromatin architecture in human cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.06.08.447626v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systematic reconstruction of the cellular trajectories of mammalian embryogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.06.08.447626v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mammalian embryogenesis is characterized by rapid cellular proliferation and diversification. Within a few weeks, a single cell zygote gives rise to millions of cells expressing a panoply of molecular programs, including much of the diversity that will subsequently be present in adult tissues. Although intensively studied, a comprehensive delineation of the major cellular trajectories that comprise mammalian development in vivo remains elusive. Here we set out to integrate several single cell RNA-seq datasets (scRNA-seq) that collectively span mouse gastrulation and organogenesis. We define cell states at each of 19 successive stages spanning E3.5 to E13.5, heuristically connect them with their pseudo-ancestors and pseudo-descendants, and for a subset of stages, deconvolve their approximate spatial distributions. Despite being constructed through automated procedures, the resulting trajectories of mammalian embryogenesis (TOME) are largely consistent with our contemporary understanding of mammalian development. We leverage TOME to nominate transcription factors (TF) and TF motifs as key regulators of each branch point at which a new cell type emerges. Finally, to facilitate comparisons across vertebrates, we apply the same procedures to single cell datasets of zebrafish and frog embryogenesis, and nominate "cell type homologs" based on shared regulators and transcriptional states.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qiu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srivatsan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calderon, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noble, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Disteche, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spielmann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moens, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trapnell, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shendure, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.08.447626</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systematic reconstruction of the cellular trajectories of mammalian embryogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.06.06.447300v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interrogation of the Dynamic Properties of Higher-Order Heterochromatin Using CRISPR/dCas9 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.06.06.447300v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Eukaryotic chromosomes feature large regions of compact, repressed heterochromatin hallmarked by Heterochromatin Protein 1 (HP1). HP1 proteins play multi-faceted roles in shaping heterochromatin, and in cells, HP1 tethering to individual gene promoters leads to epigenetic modifications and silencing. However, emergent properties of HP1 at supranucleosomal scales remain difficult to study in cells due to lack of appropriate tools. Here, we develop CRISPR-Engineered Chromatin Organization (EChO), combining live cell CRISPR imaging with inducible large-scale recruitment of chromatin proteins to native genomic targets. We demonstrate that human HP1 tiling across kilobase-scale genomic DNA forms novel contacts with natural heterochromatin, integrates two distantly targeted regions, and reversibly changes chromatin from a diffuse to compact state. The compact state exhibits delayed disassembly kinetics and represses transcription across over 600 kilobases. These findings support a polymer model of HP1-mediated chromatin regulation and highlight the utility of CRISPR-EChO in studying supranucleosomal chromatin organization in living cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.06.447300</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interrogation of the Dynamic Properties of Higher-Order Heterochromatin Using CRISPR/dCas9]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.06.09.447760v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-color super-resolution imaging to study human coronavirus RNA during cellular infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.06.09.447760v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the third human coronavirus within 20 years that gave rise to a life-threatening disease and the first to reach pandemic spread. To make therapeutic headway against current and future coronaviruses, the biology of coronavirus RNA during infection must be precisely understood. Here, we present a robust and generalizable framework combining high-throughput confocal and super-resolution microscopy imaging to study coronavirus infection at the nanoscale. Employing the model human coronavirus HCoV-229E, we specifically labeled coronavirus genomic RNA (gRNA) and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) via multicolor RNA-immunoFISH and visualized their localization patterns within the cell. The exquisite resolution of our approach uncovers a striking spatial organization of gRNA and dsRNA into three distinct structures and enables quantitative characterization of the status of the infection after antiviral drug treatment. Our approach provides a comprehensive framework that supports investigations of coronavirus fundamental biology and therapeutic effects.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moeckl, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moerner, W. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.09.447760</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-color super-resolution imaging to study human coronavirus RNA during cellular infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.06.24.449850v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Macrophage inflammatory and regenerative response periodicity is programmed by cell cycle and chromatin state 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.06.24.449850v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell cycle (CC) is a fundamental biological process with robust, cyclical gene expression programs to facilitate cell division. In the immune system, a productive immune response requires the expansion of pathogen-responsive cell types, but whether CC also confers unique gene expression programs that inform the subsequent immunological response remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that single macrophages adopt different plasticity states in CC, which is a major source of heterogeneity in response to polarizing cytokines. Specifically, macrophage plasticity to interferon gamma (IFNG) is substantially reduced, while interleukin 4 (IL-4) can induce S-G2/M-biased gene expression. Additionally, IL-4 polarization shifts the CC-phase distribution of the population towards G2/M phase, providing a mechanism for reduced IFNG-induced repolarization. Finally, we show that macrophages express tissue remodeling genes in the S-G2/M-phases of CC, that can be also detected in vivo during muscle regeneration. Therefore, macrophage inflammatory and regenerative responses are gated by CC in a cyclical phase-dependent manner.

HighlightsO_LISingle-cell chromatin maps reveal heterogeneous macrophage polarization states
C_LIO_LICell cycle coincides with heterogeneity and alters macrophage plasticity to polarizing cytokines
C_LIO_LIMacrophage polarization is a cell cycle phase-dependent immunological process
C_LIO_LIS-G2/M-biased gene expression is linked to tissue remodeling and detected in proliferating macrophages during muscle regeneration
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Daniel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belk, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meier, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandor, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kitano, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wheeler, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foster, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Januszyk, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Longaker, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, H. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satpathy, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.24.449850</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Macrophage inflammatory and regenerative response periodicity is programmed by cell cycle and chromatin state]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.07.11.451976v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mapping the nuclear microenvironment of genes at agenome-wide scale 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.07.11.451976v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The nuclear folding of chromosomes relative to nuclear bodies is an integral part of gene function. Here, we demonstrate that population-based modeling--from ensemble Hi-C data--can provide a detailed description of the nuclear microenvironment of genes and its role on gene function. We define the microenvironment by the subnuclear positions of genomic regions with respect to nuclear bodies, local chromatin compaction, and preferences in chromatin compartmentalization. These structural descriptors are determined in single cell models on a genome-wide scale, thereby revealing the structural variability between cells. We demonstrate that the structural microenvironment of a genomic region is linked to its functional potential in gene transcription, replication and chromatin compartmentalization. Some chromatin regions are distinguished by their strong preferences to a single microenvironment, due to associations to specific nuclear bodies in most cells. Other chromatin shows high structural variability, which is a strong indicator of functional heterogeneity. Moreover, we identify specialized nuclear microenvironments, which distinguish chromatin in different functional states and reveal a key role of nuclear speckles in chromosome organization. We demonstrate that our method produces highly predictive 3-dimensional genome structures, which accurately reproduce data from TSA-seq, DamID, GPSeq and super-resolution imaging. Thus, our method considerably expands the range of Hi-C data analysis and is widely applicable.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yildirim, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hua, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boninsegna, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polles, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alber, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.11.451976</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mapping the nuclear microenvironment of genes at agenome-wide scale]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.06.21.449316v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ShinyArchR.UiO: User-friendly, integrative and open-source tool for visualisation of single-cell ATAC-seq data using ArchR 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.06.21.449316v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationMapping of chromatin accessibility landscapes in single-cells and the integration with gene expression enables a better understanding of gene regulatory mechanisms defining cell identities and cell-fate determination in development and disease. Generally, raw data generated from single-cell Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin sequencing (scATAC-seq) are deposited in repositories that are inaccessible due to lack of in-depth knowledge of computational programming.

ResultsWe have developed ShinyArchR.UiO, an R-based shiny app, that facilitates scATAC-seq data accessibility and visualisation in a user-friendly, interactive, and open-source web interface. ShinyArchR.UiO is a tool that can streamline collaborative efforts for interpretation of massive chromatin accessible data and promotes open access data sharing for wider audiences.

Availability and implementationShinyArchR.UiO is available at https://Github.com/EskelandLab/ShinyArchRUiO and a demo server set up with a haematopoietic tutorial dataset: https://cancell.medisin.uio.no/ShinyArchR.UiO

ContactAnkush.Sharma@medisin.uio.no & Ragnhild.Eskeland@medisin.uio.no
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sharma, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akshay, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogne, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eskeland, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.21.449316</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ShinyArchR.UiO: User-friendly, integrative and open-source tool for visualisation of single-cell ATAC-seq data using ArchR]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.07.20.453146v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 Restructures the Host Chromatin Architecture 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.07.20.453146v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 has made >190-million infections worldwide, thus it is pivotal to understand the viral impacts on host cells. Many viruses can significantly alter host chromatin1, but such roles of SARS-CoV-2 are largely unknown. Here, we characterized the three-dimensional (3D) genome architecture and epigenome landscapes in human cells after SARS-CoV-2 infection, revealing remarkable restructuring of host chromatin architecture. High-resolution Hi-C 3.0 uncovered widespread A compartmental weakening and A-B mixing, together with a global reduction of intra-TAD chromatin contacts. The cohesin complex, a central organizer of the 3D genome, was significantly depleted from intra-TAD regions, supporting that SARS-CoV-2 disrupts cohesin loop extrusion. Calibrated ChIP-Seq verified chromatin restructuring by SARS-CoV-2 that is particularly manifested by a pervasive reduction of euchromatin modifications. Built on the rewired 3D genome/epigenome maps, a modified activity-by-contact model2 highlights the transcriptional weakening of antiviral interferon response genes or virus sensors (e.g., DDX58) incurred by SARS-CoV-2. In contrast, pro-inflammatory genes (e.g. IL-6) high in severe infections were uniquely regulated by augmented H3K4me3 at their promoters. These findings illustrate how SARS-CoV-2 rewires host chromatin architecture to confer immunological gene deregulation, laying a foundation to characterize the long-term epigenomic impacts of this virus.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al Hasani, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shivshankar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krakowiak, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eltzschig, H. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.20.453146</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2 Restructures the Host Chromatin Architecture]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.08.05.455340v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Heterochromatin diversity modulates genome compartmentalization and loop extrusion barriers 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.08.05.455340v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Two dominant processes organizing chromosomes are loop extrusion and the compartmental segregation of active and inactive chromatin. The molecular players involved in loop extrusion during interphase, cohesin and CTCF, have been extensively studied and experimentally validated. However, neither the molecular determinants nor the functional roles of compartmentalization are well understood. Here, we distinguish three inactive chromatin states using contact frequency profiling, comprising two types of heterochromatin and a previously uncharacterized inactive state exhibiting a neutral interaction preference. We find that heterochromatin marked by long continuous stretches of H3K9me3, HP1 and HP1{beta} correlates with a conserved signature of strong compartmentalization and is abundant in HCT116 colon cancer cells. We demonstrate that disruption of DNA methyltransferase activity dramatically remodels genome compartmentalization as a consequence of the loss of H3K9me3 and HP1 binding. Interestingly, H3K9me3-HP1/{beta} is replaced by the neutral inactive state and retains late replication timing. Furthermore, we show that H3K9me3-HP1/{beta} heterochromatin is permissive to loop extrusion by cohesin but refractory to CTCF, explaining a paucity of visible loop extrusion-associated patterns in Hi-C. Accordingly, CTCF loop extrusion barriers are reactivated upon loss of H3K9me3-HP1/{beta}, not as a result of canonical demethylation of the CTCF binding motif but due to an intrinsic resistance of H3K9me3-HP1/{beta} heterochromatin to CTCF binding. Together, our work reveals a dynamic structural and organizational diversity of the inactive portion of the genome and establishes new connections between the regulation of chromatin state and chromosome organization, including an interplay between DNA methylation, compartmentalization and loop extrusion.

HighlightsO_LIThree inactive chromatin states are distinguishable by long-range contact frequencies in HCT116, respectively associated with H3K9me3, H3K27me3 and a H3K9me2 state with neutral contact preferences.
C_LIO_LIH3K9me3-HP1/{beta} heterochromatin has a high degree of homotypic affinity and is permissive to loop extrusion but depleted in extrusion barriers.
C_LIO_LIDisrupting DNA methylation causes widespread loss of H3K9me3-HP1/{beta} and dramatic remodeling of genome compartmentalization.
C_LIO_LIH3K9me3-HP1/{beta} is replaced by the neutral inactive state, which gains CTCF loop extrusion barriers and associated contact frequency patterns.
C_LIO_LIDNA methylation suppresses CTCF binding via two distinct mechanisms.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Spracklin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdennur, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imakaev, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chowdhury, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pradhan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirny, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dekker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.05.455340</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Heterochromatin diversity modulates genome compartmentalization and loop extrusion barriers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.08.08.455532v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell type determination for cardiac differentiation occurs soon after seeding of human induced pluripotent stem cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.08.08.455532v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cardiac directed differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells consistently produces a mixed population of cardiomyocytes and non-cardiac cell types even when using very well-characterized protocols. We wondered whether differentiated cell types might result from intrinsic differences in hiPS cells prior to the onset of differentiation. By associating individual differentiated cells that share a common hiPS cell precursor, we were able to test whether expression variability in differentiated cells was pre-determined from the hiPS cell state. Although within a single experiment, differentiated cells that share an hiPS cell progenitor were more transcriptionally similar to each other than to other cells in the differentiated population, when the same hiPS cells were differentiated in parallel, we did not observe high transcriptional similarity across differentiations. Additionally, we found that substantial cell death occurred during differentiation in a manner that suggested that all cells were equally likely to survive or die, suggesting that there was no intrinsic selection bias for cells descended from particular hiPS cell progenitors. These results led us to wonder about how cells grow out spatially during the directed differentiation process. Labeling cells by their expression of a few canonical cell type marker genes, we showed that cells expressing the same marker tended to occur in patches observable by visual inspection, suggesting that cell type determination across multiple cell types, once initiated, is maintained in a cell-autonomous manner for multiple divisions. Altogether, our results show that while there is substantial heterogeneity in the initial hiPS cell population, that heterogeneity is not responsible for heterogeneous outcomes, and that the window during which cell type specification occurs is likely to begin shortly after the seeding of hiPS cells for differentiation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiang, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goyal, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Truitt, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cote, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emert, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mellis, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiani, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raj, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.08.455532</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell type determination for cardiac differentiation occurs soon after seeding of human induced pluripotent stem cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.08.06.455141v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BCL6-dependent TCF-1+ progenitor cells maintain effector and helper CD4 T cell responses to persistent antigen 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.08.06.455141v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Shortly after priming, the fate of activated CD4 T cells is segregated into BCL6+ follicular helper T (Tfh) and BCL6- effector (Teff) cells. However, it remains unknown how these subsets are sustained in the presence of chronic antigen stimulation. Using a combination of single cell- and population-based approaches, we show that in chronic viral infection, activated CD4 T cells differentiate into BCL6-dependent TCF-1+ progenitor cells with superior capacity to expand and give rise to both Teff and Tfh. They share properties with progenitor-exhausted CD8 T cells and are required for the continued generation of Teff cells as antigen persists. In response to tumors, an analogous CD4 T cell population develops in draining lymph nodes. Our study reveals the heterogeneity and plasticity of CD4 T cells upon encountering persistent antigen and highlights their population dynamics through a stable bipotent intermediate state.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandor, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pai, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raju, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsiung, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yangdon, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okamoto, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schreiber, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satpathy, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egawa, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.06.455141</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BCL6-dependent TCF-1+ progenitor cells maintain effector and helper CD4 T cell responses to persistent antigen]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.08.24.457555v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Biochemically distinct cohesin complexes mediate positioned loops between CTCF sites and dynamic loops within chromatin domains 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.08.24.457555v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ring-like cohesin complex mediates sister chromatid cohesion by encircling pairs of sister chromatids. Cohesin also extrudes loops along chromatids. Whether the two activities involve similar mechanisms of DNA engagement is not known. We implemented an experimental approach based on isolated nuclei carrying engineered cleavable RAD21 proteins to precisely control cohesin ring integrity so that its role in chromatin looping could be studied under defined experimental conditions. This approach allowed us to identify cohesin complexes with distinct biochemical, and possibly structural properties, that mediate different sets of chromatin loops. When RAD21 is cleaved and the cohesin ring is opened, cohesin complexes at CTCF sites are released from DNA and loops at these elements are lost. In contrast, cohesin-dependent loops within chromatin domains and that are not anchored at CTCF sites are more resistant to RAD21 cleavage. The results show that the cohesin complex mediates loops in different ways depending on genomic context and suggests that it undergoes structural changes as it dynamically extrudes and encounters CTCF sites.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dekker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.24.457555</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Biochemically distinct cohesin complexes mediate positioned loops between CTCF sites and dynamic loops within chromatin domains]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.08.24.457552v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pairs and Pairix: a file format and a tool for efficient storage and retrieval for Hi-C read pairs 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.08.24.457552v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SummaryAs the amount of three-dimensional chromosomal interaction data continues to increase, storing and accessing such data efficiently becomes paramount. We introduce Pairs, a block-compressed text file format for storing paired genomic coordinates from Hi-C data, and Pairix, an open-source C application to index and query Pairs files. Pairix (also available in Python and R) extends the functionalities of Tabix to paired coordinates data. We have also developed PairsQC, a collapsible HTML quality control report generator for Pairs files.

AvailabilityThe format specification and source code are available at https://github.com/4dn-dcic/pairix, https://github.com/4dn-dcic/Rpairix and https://github.com/4dn-dcic/pairsqc.

Contactpeter_park@hms.harvard.edu or burak_alver@hms.harvard.edu
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vitzthum, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alver, B. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.24.457552</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pairs and Pairix: a file format and a tool for efficient storage and retrieval for Hi-C read pairs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.09.27.461866v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatiotemporal co-dependency between macrophages and exhausted CD8+ T cells in cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.09.27.461866v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
T cell exhaustion is a major impediment to anti-tumor immunity. However, it remains elusive how other immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) contribute to this dysfunctional state. Here we show that the biology of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and exhausted T cells (Tex) in the TME is extensively linked. We demonstrate that in vivo depletion of TAM reduces exhaustion programs in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and reinvigorates their effector potential. Reciprocally, transcriptional and epigenetic profiling reveals that Tex express factors that actively recruit monocytes to the TME and shape their differentiation. Using lattice light sheet microscopy, we show that TAM and CD8+ T cells engage in unique long-lasting antigen-specific synaptic interactions that fail to activate T cells, but prime them for exhaustion, which is then accelerated in hypoxic conditions. Spatially resolved sequencing supports a spatiotemporal self-enforcing positive feedback circuit that is aligned to protect rather than destroy a tumor.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/461866v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (65K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1fb1c4aorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@fe4571org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1812f76org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@5317d5_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kersten, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Combes, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samad, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harwin, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ray, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marchuk, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Artichoker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Courau, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belk, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satpathy, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krummel, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.27.461866</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatiotemporal co-dependency between macrophages and exhausted CD8+ T cells in cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.09.27.461389v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regional and clonal T cell dynamics at single cell resolution in immune checkpoint blockade 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.09.27.461389v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Paired T cell receptor and RNA single cell sequencing (scTCR/RNA-seq) has allowed for enhanced resolution of clonal T cell dynamics in cancer. Here, we report a scTCR/RNA-seq dataset of 162,062 single T cells from 31 tissue regions, including tumor, adjacent normal tissues, and lymph nodes (LN), from three patients who underwent resections for progressing lung cancers after immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). We found marked regional heterogeneity in tumor persistence that was associated with heterogeneity in CD4 and CD8 T cell phenotypes; regions with persistent cancer cells were enriched for follicular helper CD4 T cells (TFH), regulatory T cells (Treg), and exhausted CD8 T cells. Clonal analysis demonstrated that highly-expanded T cell clones were predominantly of the CD8 subtype, were ubiquitously present across all sampled regions, found in the peripheral circulation, and expressed gene signatures of  large and  dual-expanded clones that have been predictive of response to ICB. Longitudinal tracking of CD8 T cell clones in the peripheral blood revealed that the persistence of ubiquitous CD8 T cell clones, as well as phenotypically distinct clones with tumor-reactive features, correlated with systemic tumor control. Finally, tracking CD8 T cell clones across tissues revealed the presence of TCF-1+ precursor exhausted CD8 T cells in tumor draining LNs that were clonally linked to expanded exhausted CD8 T cells in tumors. Altogether, this comprehensive scTCR/RNA-seq dataset with regional, longitudinal, and clonal resolution provides fundamental insights into the tissue distribution, persistence, and differentiation trajectories of ICB-responsive T cells that underlie clinical responses to ICB.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pai, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chow, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sauter, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mattar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rizvi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woo, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uddin, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quintanal-Villalonga, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manoj, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allaj, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baine, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaft, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plodkowski, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Won, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wells, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donoghue, M. T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Stanchina, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolchok, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Houck-Loomis, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merghoub, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rudin, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satpathy, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hellmann, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.27.461389</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regional and clonal T cell dynamics at single cell resolution in immune checkpoint blockade]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.10.14.464435v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The 4D Nucleome Data Portal: a resource for searching and visualizing curated nucleomics data 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.10.14.464435v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The 4D Nucleome (4DN) Network aims to elucidate the complex structure and organization of chromosomes in the nucleus and the impact of their disruption in disease biology. We present the 4DN Data Portal (https://data.4dnucleome.org/), a repository for datasets generated in the 4DN network and relevant external datasets. Datasets were generated with a wide range of experiments, including chromosome conformation capture assays such as Hi-C and other innovative sequencing and microscopy-based assays probing chromosome architecture. All together, the 4DN data portal hosts more than 1800 experiment sets and 34000 files. Results of sequencing-based assays from different laboratories are uniformly processed and quality-controlled. The portal interface allows easy browsing, filtering, and bulk downloads, and the integrated HiGlass genome browser allows interactive visualization and comparison of multiple datasets. The 4DN data portal represents a primary resource for chromosome contact and other nuclear architecture data for the scientific community.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Reiff, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schroeder, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirli, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cosolo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mercado, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veit, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balashov, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vitzthum, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ronchetti, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pitman, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ehmsen, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerpedjiev, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdennur, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imakaev, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozturk, S. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camoglu, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirny, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gehlenborg, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alver, B. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.14.464435</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The 4D Nucleome Data Portal: a resource for searching and visualizing curated nucleomics data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.10.21.465351v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Kinetic principles underlying pioneer function of GAGA transcription factor in live cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.10.21.465351v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
How pioneer factors interface with chromatin to promote accessibility for transcription control is poorly understood in vivo. Here, we directly visualize chromatin association by the prototypical GAGA pioneer factor (GAF) in live Drosophila hemocytes. Single-particle tracking reveals that the majority of GAF is chromatin-bound, with a stable-binding fraction showing nucleosome-like confinement residing on chromatin for over 2 minutes, far longer than the dynamic range of most transcription factors. These kinetic properties require the full complement of GAFs DNA-binding, multimerization and intrinsically disordered domains, and are autonomous from recruited chromatin remodelers NURF and PBAP, whose activities primarily benefit GAFs neighbors such as HSF. Evaluation of GAF kinetics together with its endogenous abundance indicates that despite on-off dynamics, GAF constitutively and fully occupies chromatin targets, thereby providing a temporal mechanism that sustains open chromatin for transcriptional responses to homeostatic, environmental, and developmental signals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wisniewski, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavis, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.21.465351</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Kinetic principles underlying pioneer function of GAGA transcription factor in live cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.11.02.466589v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Loop-extrusion and polymer phase-separation can co-exist at the single-molecule level to shape chromatin folding 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.11.02.466589v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Loop-extrusion and phase-separation have been proposed as mechanisms that shape chromosome large-scale spatial organization. It is unclear, however, how they perform relative to each other in explaining chromatin architecture data and whether they compete or co-exist at the single-molecule level. Here, we compare models of polymer physics based on loop-extrusion and phase-separation, as well as models where both mechanisms act simultaneously in a single molecule, against multiplexed FISH data available in human loci in IMR90 and HCT116 cells. We find that the different models recapitulate bulk Hi-C and average microscopy data. Single-molecule chromatin conformations are also well captured, especially by phase-separation based models that better reflect the experimentally reported segregation in globules of the considered genomic loci and their cell-to-cell structural variability. Such a variability is consistent with two main concurrent causes: single-cell epigenetic heterogeneity and an intrinsic thermodynamic conformational degeneracy of folding. Overall, the model combining loop-extrusion and polymer phase-separation provides a very good description of the data, particularly higher-order contacts, showing that the two mechanisms can co-exist in shaping chromatin architecture in single cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Conte, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irani, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiariello, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abraham, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bianco, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esposito, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicodemi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.02.466589</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Loop-extrusion and polymer phase-separation can co-exist at the single-molecule level to shape chromatin folding]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.10.30.465508v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CTCF blocks anti-sense transcription initiation at divergent gene promoters 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.10.30.465508v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcription at most promoters is divergent, initiating at closely spaced oppositely oriented core promoters to produce sense transcripts along with often unstable upstream antisense (uasTrx). How antisense transcription is regulated and to what extent it is coordinated with sense transcription is largely unknown. Here by combining acute degradation of the multi-functional transcription factor CTCF and nascent transcription measurements, we find that CTCF specifically suppresses antisense but not sense transcription at hundreds of divergent promoters, the great majority of which bear proximal CTCF binding sites. Genome editing, chromatin conformation studies, and high-resolution transcript mapping revealed that precisely positioned CTCF directly suppresses the initiation of uasTrx, in a manner independent of its chromatin architectural function. Primary transcript RNA FISH revealed co-bursting of sense and anti-sense transcripts is disfavored, suggesting CTCF-regulated competition for transcription initiation. In sum, CTCF shapes the transcriptional landscape in part by suppressing upstream antisense transcription.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Luan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Syrett, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vermunt, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cote, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tome, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luppino, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keller, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giardine, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunagin, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joyce, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lis, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raj, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hardison, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blobel, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.30.465508</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CTCF blocks anti-sense transcription initiation at divergent gene promoters]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.10.13.464280v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Optogenetic control of the Bicoid morphogen reveals fast and slow modes of gap gene regulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.10.13.464280v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Developmental patterning networks are regulated by multiple inputs and feedback connections that rapidly reshape gene expression, limiting the information that can be gained solely from slow genetic perturbations. Here we show that fast optogenetic stimuli, real-time transcriptional reporters, and a simplified genetic background can be combined to reveal quantitative regulatory dynamics from a complex genetic network in vivo. We engineer light-controlled variants of the Bicoid transcription factor and study their effects on downstream gap genes in embryos. Our results recapitulate known relationships, including rapid Bicoid-dependent expression of giant and hunchback and delayed repression of Kruppel. In contrast, we find that the posterior pattern of knirps exhibits a quick but inverted response to Bicoid perturbation, suggesting a previously unreported role for Bicoid in suppressing knirps expression. Acute modulation of transcription factor concentration while simultaneously recording output gene activity represents a powerful approach for studying how gene circuit elements are coupled to cell identification and complex body pattern formation in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Singh, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryabichko, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raimundo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wieschaus, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gregor, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toettcher, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.13.464280</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Optogenetic control of the Bicoid morphogen reveals fast and slow modes of gap gene regulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.11.26.470134v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Allelic correlation is a marker of tradeoffs between barriers to transmission of expression variability and signal responsiveness in genetic networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.11.26.470134v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accurately functioning genetic networks should be responsive to signals but prevent transmission of stochastic bursts of expression. Existing data in mammalian cells suggests that such transcriptional "noise" is transmitted by some genes and not others, suggesting that noise transmission is tunable, perhaps at the expense of other signal processing capabilities.However, systematic claims about noise transmission in genetic networks have been limited by the inability to directly measure noise transmission. Here we build a mathematical framework capable of modeling allelic correlation and noise transmission. We find that allelic correlation and noise transmission correspond across a broad range of model parameters and network architectures. We further find that limiting noise transmission comes with the trade-off of being unresponsive to signals, and that within the parameter regimes that are responsive to signals, there is a further trade-off between response time and basal noise transmission. Using a published allele specific single cell RNA-sequencing dataset, we found that genes with high allelic odds ratios are enriched for cell-type specific functions, and that within multiple signaling pathways, factors which are upstream in the pathway have higher allelic odds ratios than downstream factors. Overall, our findings suggest that some degree of noise transmission is required to be responsive to signals, but that minimization of noise transmission can be accomplished by trading-off for a slower response time.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Boe, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayyappan, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schuh, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raj, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.26.470134</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Allelic correlation is a marker of tradeoffs between barriers to transmission of expression variability and signal responsiveness in genetic networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.11.05.467513v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-Cell Multiomics Defines Tolerogenic Extrathymic Aire-Expressing Populations with Unique Homology to Thymic Epithelium 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.11.05.467513v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Autoimmune Regulator (Aire) gene, well defined for its role in medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) and immune self-tolerance, is also expressed in extrathymic Aire-expressing cells (eTACs) in the secondary lymphoid organs. eTACs have been shown to be hematopoietic antigen presenting cells (APCs) and potent inducers of immune tolerance (1-3). However, the precise identity and function of these cells remain unclear. Here, we use high-dimensional single-cell multiomics and functional approaches to define eTACs at the transcriptional, genomic, and proteomic level. We find that eTACs consist of two similar cell types: CCR7+ Aire-expressing migratory dendritic cells (AmDCs) and a unique Aire-hi population co-expressing Aire and RAR-related orphan receptor gamma-t (ROR{gamma}t). The latter, which have significant transcriptional and genomic homology to migratory dendritic cells (migDCs) and mTECs, we term Janus cells (JCs). All eTACs, and JCs in particular, have a highly accessible chromatin structure and high levels of broad gene expression, including tissue-specific antigens, as well as remarkable transcriptional and genomic homology to thymic medullary epithelium. As in the thymus, Aire expression in eTACs is also dependent on RANK-RANK-ligand interactions. Furthermore, lineage-tracing shows that JCs are not precursors to the majority of AmDCs. Finally, self-antigen expression by eTACs is sufficient to mediate negative selection of T cells escaping thymic selection and can prevent autoimmune diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice. This transcriptional, genomic, and functional symmetry between a hematopoietic Aire-expressing population in the periphery and an epithelial Aire-expressing population in the thymus suggests that a core biological program may influence self-tolerance and self-representation across the spectrum of immune development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lareau, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bautista, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandor, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Germino, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arvedson, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reeder, G. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cramer, N. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ntranos, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satpathy, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gardner, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.05.467513</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-Cell Multiomics Defines Tolerogenic Extrathymic Aire-Expressing Populations with Unique Homology to Thymic Epithelium]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.12.16.472900v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Divergent clonal differentiation trajectories of T cell exhaustion 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.12.16.472900v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
T cells activated by chronic antigen exposure in the setting of viral infections or cancer can adopt an exhausted T cell (Tex) state, characterized by reduced effector function and proliferative capacity, and the upregulation of inhibitory receptors. However, whether all antigen-specific T cell clones follow the same molecular and cellular Tex differentiation trajectory remains unclear. Here, we generate a single-cell multi-omic atlas of T cell exhaustion that redefines the phenotypic diversity and molecular regulation of Tex phenotypes. Longitudinal analysis during chronic viral infection identifies an early effector phenotype that is epigenetically primed for Tex differentiation and two late-stage Tex cell states with either a terminal exhaustion or a killer cell lectin-like receptor (KLR)-expressing cytotoxic gene signature. We define clonal trajectories of antigen-specific T cells using paired single-cell RNA and T cell receptor sequencing and reveal distinct differentiation trajectories resulting in terminal Tex-biased, KLR Tex-biased, or divergent clones that differentiate into both phenotypes. Comparison of Tex phenotypes among shared T cell clones that traffic to multiple organs reveals that clonal differentiation trajectories are maintained across tissues. Finally, we show that differences in clonal differentiation trajectory are driven by TCR signal strength, whereby high-affinity T cell clones preferentially adopt a terminal Tex fate, while low-affinity clones adopt an effector-like KLR Tex fate that is detectable long-term but depleted in high antigen settings. These findings reveal clonal heterogeneity in the T cell response to chronic antigen and genomic programs that underlie Tex fates and persistence.

HighlightsO_LIA single-cell atlas of T cell exhaustion identifies novel early effector and KLR Tex states.
C_LIO_LIClonal T cell analysis defines divergent differentiation trajectories during chronic viral infection leading to terminal and KLR Tex fates.
C_LIO_LIThe heterogeneity of the Tex pool arises from three primary differentiation patterns and are differentially persistent in the setting of high antigen.
C_LIO_LIClonal Tex differentiation patterns are conserved across organ sites and driven by TCR signal strength.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Daniel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yost, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandor, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hiam-Galvez, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meier, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belk, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giles, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wherry, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egawa, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satpathy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.16.472900</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Divergent clonal differentiation trajectories of T cell exhaustion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.12.03.471109v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CRISPR Cas13-based tools to track and manipulate endogenous telomeric repeat-containing RNAs in living cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.12.03.471109v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
TERRA, TElomeric Repeat-containing RNA, is a long non-coding RNA transcribed from telomeres. Emerging evidence indicates that TERRA regulates telomere maintenance and chromosome end protection in normal and cancerous cells. However, the mechanism of how TERRA contributes to telomere functions is still unclear, partially owing to the shortage of approaches to track and manipulate endogenous TERRA molecules in live cells. Here, we developed a method to visualize TERRA in live cells via a combination of CRISPR Cas13 RNA labeling and Suntag technology. Single-particle tracking reveals that TERRA foci undergo anomalous diffusion in a manner that depends on the timescale and telomeric localization. Furthermore, we used a chemically-induced protein dimerization system to manipulate TERRA subcellular localization in live cells. Overall, our approaches to monitor and control TERRA locations in live cells provide powerful tools to better understand its roles in telomere maintenance and genomic integrity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chigumira, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tones, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dahl, K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chenoweth, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.03.471109</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CRISPR Cas13-based tools to track and manipulate endogenous telomeric repeat-containing RNAs in living cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.03.31.437978v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chromatin interaction aware gene regulatory modeling with graph attention networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.03.31.437978v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Linking distal enhancers to genes and modeling their impact on target gene expression are longstanding unresolved problems in regulatory genomics and critical for interpreting non-coding genetic variation. Here we present a new deep learning approach called GraphReg that exploits 3D interactions from chromosome conformation capture assays in order to predict gene expression from 1D epigenomic data or genomic DNA sequence. By using graph attention networks to exploit the connectivity of distal elements up to 2Mb away in the genome, GraphReg more faithfully models gene regulation and more accurately predicts gene expression levels than state-of-the-art deep learning methods for this task. Feature attribution used with GraphReg accurately identifies functional enhancers of genes, as validated by CRISPRi-FlowFISH and TAP-seq assays, outperforming both CNNs and the recently proposed Activity-by-Contact model. Sequence-based GraphReg also accurately predicts direct transcription factor (TF) targets as validated by CRISPRi TF knockout experiments via in silico ablation of TF binding motifs. GraphReg therefore represents an important advance in modeling the regulatory impact of epigenomic and sequence elements.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Karbalayghareh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leslie, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.31.437978</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chromatin interaction aware gene regulatory modeling with graph attention networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.12.10.472156v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-fiber nucleosome density shapes the regulatory output of a mammalian chromatin remodeling enzyme 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.12.10.472156v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers regulate the DNA accessibility required of virtually all nuclear processes. Biochemical studies have provided insight into remodeler action at the nucleosome level, but how these findings translate to activity on chromatin fibers in vitro and in vivo remains poorly understood. Here, we present a massively multiplex single-molecule platform allowing high-resolution mapping of nucleosomes on fibers assembled on mammalian genomic sequences. We apply this method to distinguish between competing models for chromatin remodeling by the essential ISWI ATPase SNF2h: linker-length-dependent dynamic positioning versus fixed-linker-length static clamping. Our single-fiber data demonstrate that SNF2h operates as a density-dependent, length-sensing chromatin remodeler whose ability to decrease or increase DNA accessibility depends on single-fiber nucleosome density. In vivo, this activity manifests as different regulatory modes across epigenomic domains: at canonically-defined heterochromatin, SNF2h generates evenly-spaced nucleosome arrays of multiple nucleosome repeat lengths; at SNF2h-dependent accessible sites, SNF2h slides nucleosomes to increase accessibility of motifs for the essential transcription factor CTCF. Overall, our generalizable approach provides molecularly-precise views of the processes that shape nuclear physiology. Concurrently, our data illustrate how a mammalian chromatin remodeling enzyme can effectively sense nucleosome density to induce diametrically-opposed regulatory effects within the nucleus.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Abdulhay, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McNally, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ketavarapu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kasinathan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nanda, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ostrowski, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodarzi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narlikar, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramani, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.10.472156</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-fiber nucleosome density shapes the regulatory output of a mammalian chromatin remodeling enzyme]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.01.18.476836v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Massively parallel genomic perturbations with multi-target CRISPR reveal new insights on Cas9 activity and DNA damage responses at endogenous sites 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.01.18.476836v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We present an approach that combines a Cas9 that simultaneously targets hundreds of epigenetically diverse endogenous genomic sites with high-throughput sequencing technologies to measure Cas9 dynamics and cellular responses at scale. This massive multiplexing of CRISPR is enabled by means of novel multi-target gRNAs (mgRNAs), degenerate gRNAs that direct Cas9 to a pre-determined number of well-mapped sites. mgRNAs uncovered generalizable insights into Cas9 binding and cleavage, discovering rapid post-cleavage Cas9 departure and repair factor loading at PAM-proximal genomic DNA. Moreover, by bypassing confounding effects from gRNA sequence, mgRNAs unveiled that Cas9 binding is enhanced at chromatin-accessible regions, and Cas9 cleavage is more efficient near transcribed regions. Combined with light-mediated activation and deactivation of Cas9 activity, mgRNAs further enabled high-throughput study of the cellular response to double strand breaks with high temporal resolution, discovering the presence, extent (under 2 kb), and kinetics (~ 0.5 hr) of reversible DNA damage-induced chromatin decompaction. Altogether, this work establishes mgRNAs as a generalizable platform for multiplexing CRISPR and advances our understanding of intracellular Cas9 activity and the DNA damage response at endogenous loci.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zou, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marin-Gonzalez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dveirin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, J. X. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalhor, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ha, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.18.476836</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Massively parallel genomic perturbations with multi-target CRISPR reveal new insights on Cas9 activity and DNA damage responses at endogenous sites]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.02.24.432639v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Activity-induced gene expression and long-range enhancer-promoter contacts in cohesin-deficient neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.02.24.432639v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cohesin and CTCF are major drivers of 3D genome organization, but their role in neurons is still emerging. Here we show a prominent role for cohesin in the expression of genes that facilitate neuronal maturation and homeostasis. Unexpectedly, we observed two major classes of activity-regulated genes with distinct reliance on cohesin in primary cortical neurons. Immediate early genes remained fully inducible by KCl and BDNF, and short-range enhancer-promoter contacts at the Immediate early gene Fos formed robustly in the absence of cohesin. In contrast, cohesin was required for full expression of a subset of secondary response genes characterised by long-range chromatin contacts. Cohesin-dependence of constitutive neuronal genes with key functions in synaptic transmission and neurotransmitter signaling also scaled with chromatin loop length. Our data demonstrate that key genes required for the maturation and activation of primary cortical neurons depend cohesin for their full expression, and that the degree to which these genes rely on cohesin scales with the genomic distance traversed by their chromatin contacts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Calderon, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiss, F. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beagan, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oliveira, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carroll, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dharmalingam, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tossell, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Paola, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whilding, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ungless, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisher, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillips-Cremins, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merkenschlager, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.24.432639</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Activity-induced gene expression and long-range enhancer-promoter contacts in cohesin-deficient neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.01.18.476849v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exploring genomic data coupled with 3D chromatin structures using the WashU Epigenome Browser 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.01.18.476849v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biological functions are not only encoded by the genomes sequence but also regulated by its three-dimensional (3D) structure. More and more studies have revealed the importance of 3D chromatin structures in development and diseases; therefore, visualizing the connections between genome sequence, epigenomic dynamics (1D) and the 3D genome becomes a pressing need. The WashU Epigenome Browser introduces a new 3D visualization module to integrate visualization of 1D (such as sequence features, epigenomic data) and 2D data (such as chromosome conformation capture data) with 3D genome structure. Genomic coordinates are encoded in 3D models of the chromosomes; thus, all genomic information displayed on a 1D genome browser can be visualized on a 3D model, supported by genome browser utilities and facilitating interpretation of genomic data. Biological information that is difficult to illustrate in 1D becomes more intuitive when displayed in 3D, providing novel and powerful tools for investigators to hypothesize and understand the connections between biological functions and 3D genome structures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Purushotham, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harrison, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.18.476849</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exploring genomic data coupled with 3D chromatin structures using the WashU Epigenome Browser]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.02.01.475239v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Widespread contribution of transposable elements to the rewiring of mammalian 3D genomes and gene regulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.02.01.475239v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transposable elements (TEs) are major contributors of genetic material in mammalian genomes. These often include binding sites for architectural proteins, including the multifarious master protein, CTCF. These TE-derived architectural protein binding sites shape the 3D genome by creating loops, domains, and compartments borders as well as RNA-DNA chromatin interactions, all of which play a role in the compact packaging of DNA in the nucleus and have the potential to facilitate regulatory function.

In this study, we explore the widespread contribution of TEs to mammalian 3D genomes by quantifying the extent to which they give rise to loops and domain border differences across various cell types and species using a variety of 3D genome mapping technologies. We show that specific (sub-)families of TEs have significantly contributed to lineage-specific 3D chromatin structures in specific mammals. In many cases, these loops have the potential to facilitate interaction between distant cis-regulatory elements and target genes, and domains have the potential to segregate chromatin state to impact gene expression in a lineage-specific and cell-type-specific manner. Backing our extensive conformation study cataloguing and computational analyses, we perform experimental validation using CRISPR-Cas9 to delete one such candidate TE and show disruption of species-specific 3D chromatin structure.

Taken together, we comprehensively quantify and selectively validate our finding that TEs contribute significantly to 3D genome organization and continuously shape it to affect gene regulation during the course of mammalian evolution over deep time.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Choudhary, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quaid, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.01.475239</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Widespread contribution of transposable elements to the rewiring of mammalian 3D genomes and gene regulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.02.13.480215v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantitative fate mapping: Reconstructing progenitor field dynamics via retrospective lineage barcoding 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.02.13.480215v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Natural and induced somatic mutations that accumulate in the genome during development record the phylogenetic relationships of cells; however, whether these lineage barcodes can capture the dynamics of complex progenitor fields remains unclear. Here, we introduce quantitative fate mapping, an approach to simultaneously map the fate and quantify the commitment time, commitment bias, and population size of multiple progenitor groups during development based on a time-scaled phylogeny of their descendants. To reconstruct time-scaled phylogenies from lineage barcodes, we introduce Phylotime, a scalable maximum likelihood clustering approach based on a generalizable barcoding mutagenesis model. We validate these approaches using realistically-simulated barcoding results as well as experimental results from a barcoding stem cell line. We further establish criteria for the minimum number of cells that must be analyzed for robust quantitative fate mapping. Overall, this work demonstrates how lineage barcodes, natural or synthetic, can be used to obtain quantitative fate maps, thus enabling analysis of progenitor dynamics long after embryonic development in any organism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bell, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sapirstein, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asami, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leeper, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zack, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalhor, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.13.480215</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantitative fate mapping: Reconstructing progenitor field dynamics via retrospective lineage barcoding]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.02.21.481225v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nucleome Browser: An integrative and multimodal data navigation platform for 4D Nucleome 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.02.21.481225v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We introduce Nucleome Browser (http://www.nucleome.org), an interactive, multimodal data visualization and exploration platform for 4D Nucleome research. Our tool effectively integrates heterogeneous datasets (e.g., genomics, imaging, 3D genome structure models, and single-cell data) and external data portals by a new adaptive communication mechanism. Nucleome Browser provides a scalable solution for integrating massive amounts of 4D Nucleome data to navigate multiscale nuclear structure and function in a wide range of biological contexts, enabling hypothesis generation and data sharing with the broad community.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belmont, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swedlow, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.21.481225</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nucleome Browser: An integrative and multimodal data navigation platform for 4D Nucleome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.03.14.484360v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cas9-Mediated Knockout of Ndrg2 Enhances the Regenerative Potential of Dendritic Cells for Wound Healing 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.03.14.484360v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chronic wounds impose a significant healthcare burden to a broad patient population. Cell based therapies, while having shown benefits for the treatment of chronic wounds, have not achieved widespread adoption into clinical practice. Here, we developed a novel CRISPR/Cas9 approach to precisely edit dendritic cells (DCs) to enhance their therapeutic potential for healing chronic wounds. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of tolerogenic DCs, we discover N-myc downregulated gene 2 (Ndrg2), which marks a specific population of DC progenitors, as a promising target for CRISPR knockout (KO). Ndrg2-KO alters the transcriptomic profile of DCs and preserves an immature cell state with a strong, pro-angiogenic and regenerative capacity. We then incorporated our CRISPR-based cell engineering within a hydrogel technology for in vivo cell delivery and developed a highly effective translational approach for DC based immunotherapy that accelerated healing of full-thickness wounds in both non-diabetic and diabetic mouse models. These findings could open the door to future clinical trials using safe gene editing in DCs for treating various types of chronic wounds.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Henn, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trotsyuk, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonham, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischer, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kehl, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fehlmann, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sivaraj, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greco, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moortgat Illouz, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Padmanabhan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barrera, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kneser, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lenhof, H.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Januszyk, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levi, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keller, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Longaker, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gurtner, G. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.14.484360</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cas9-Mediated Knockout of Ndrg2 Enhances the Regenerative Potential of Dendritic Cells for Wound Healing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.03.16.484659v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
clampFISH 2.0 enables rapid, scalable amplified RNA detection in situ 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.03.16.484659v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RNA labeling in situ has enormous potential to visualize transcripts and quantify their levels in single cells, but it remains challenging to produce high levels of signal while also enabling multiplexed detection of multiple RNA species simultaneously. Here, we describe clampFISH 2.0, a method that uses an inverted padlock design to efficiently detect and exponentially amplify signals from many RNA species at once, while also reducing time and cost compared to the prior clampFISH method. We leverage the increased throughput afforded by multiplexed signal amplification and sequential detection by demonstrating the ability to detect 10 different RNA species in over 1 million cells. We also show that clampFISH 2.0 works in tissue sections. We expect the advantages offered by clampFISH 2.0 will enable many applications in spatial transcriptomics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dardani, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emert, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goyal, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaur, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rouhanifard, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alicea, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fane, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herlyn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weeraratna, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raj, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.16.484659</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[clampFISH 2.0 enables rapid, scalable amplified RNA detection in situ]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.03.25.485845v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A spatial genome aligner for multiplexed DNA-FISH 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.03.25.485845v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multiplexed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has emerged as a powerful approach for analyzing 3D genome organization, but it is eminently challenging to derive chromosomal conformations from noisy fluorescence signals. Tracing chromatin is not straightforward as chromosomes lack conserved shapes for reference checking whether an observed fluorescence signal belongs to a chromatin fiber or not. Here we report a spatial genome aligner that parses true chromatin signal from noise by aligning signals to a DNA polymer model. We demonstrate that this spatial genome aligner can efficiently reconstruct chromosome architectures from DNA-FISH data across multiple scales and determine chromosome ploidies de novo in interphase cells. Reprocessing of previous whole-genome chromosome tracing data with this method revealed the spatial aggregation of sister chromatids in S/G2 phase cells in asynchronous mouse embryonic stem cells, and uncovered extranumerary chromosomes that remain tightly paired in post-mitotic neurons of the adult mouse cortex. Our spatial genome aligner may facilitate the adaption of multiplexed DNA-FISH by the community.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jia, B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jussila, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kern, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.25.485845</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A spatial genome aligner for multiplexed DNA-FISH]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.04.15.488491v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamic chromatin organization and regulatory interactions in human endothelial cell differentiation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.04.15.488491v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundVascular endothelial cells are a mesoderm-derived lineage with many essential functions, including angiogenesis and coagulation. However, the gene regulatory mechanisms that underpin endothelial specialization are largely unknown, as are the roles of 3D chromatin organization in regulating endothelial cell transcription.

MethodsTo investigate the relationships between 3D chromatin organization and gene expression in endothelial cell differentiation, we induced endothelial cell differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells and performed Hi-C and RNA-seq assays at specific timepoints in differentiation.

ResultsOur analyses reveal that long-range intrachromosomal contacts increase over the course of endothelial cell differentiation, as do genomic compartment transitions between active and inactive states. These compartmental states are tightly associated with endothelial transcription. Dynamic topologically associating domain (TAD) boundaries strengthen and converge on an endothelial cell state, and nascent TAD boundaries are linked to the expression of genes that support endothelial cell specification. Relatedly, chromatin pairwise point interactions (DNA loops) increase in frequency during differentiation and are linked to the expression of genes with essential roles in vascular biology, including MECOM, TFPI, and KDR. To identify forms of regulation specific to endothelial cell differentiation, we compared the functional chromatin dynamics of endothelial cells with those of developing cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocytes exhibit greater long-range cis interactions than endothelial cells, whereas endothelial cells have increased local intra-TAD interactions and much more abundant pairwise point interactions.

ConclusionsGenome topology changes dynamically during endothelial differentiation, including acquisition of long-range cis interactions and new TAD boundaries, interconversion of hetero- and euchromatin, and formation of DNA loops. These chromatin dynamics guide transcription in the development of endothelial cells and promote the divergence of endothelial cells from related cell types such as cardiomyocytes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alavattam, K. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitzelfelt, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonora, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fields, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiu, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pabon, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertero, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palpant, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noble, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murry, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.15.488491</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamic chromatin organization and regulatory interactions in human endothelial cell differentiation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.04.18.488683v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ultrafast and interpretable single-cell 3D genome analysis with Fast-Higashi 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.04.18.488683v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-cell Hi-C (scHi-C) technologies can probe three-dimensional (3D) genome structures in single cells and their cell-to-cell variability. However, existing scHi-C analysis methods are hindered by the data quality and the complex 3D genome patterns. The lack of computational scalability and interpretability poses further challenges for large-scale scHi-C analysis. Here, we introduce Fast-Higashi, an ultrafast and interpretable method based on tensor decomposition that can jointly identify cell identities and chromatin meta-interactions. Fast-Higashi is able to simultaneously model multiple tensors with unmatched features of different sizes. A new partial random walk with restart (Partial RWR) algorithm in Fast-Higashi efficiently mitigates data sparseness. Extensive evaluations on real scHi-C datasets demonstrate the advantage of Fast-Higashi over existing methods for embedding, leading to improved delineation of rare cell types and better reconstruction of developmental trajectories. Fast-Higashi can directly infer chromatin meta-interactions, identify 3D genome features that define distinct cell types, and help elucidate cell type-specific connections between genome structure and function. Moreover, Fast-Higashi can be generalized to incorporate other single-cell omics data. Fast-Higashi provides a highly efficient and interpretable scHi-C analysis solution that is applicable to a broad range of biological contexts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.18.488683</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ultrafast and interpretable single-cell 3D genome analysis with Fast-Higashi]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.04.21.488684v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CONCERT: Genome-wide prediction of sequence elements that modulate DNA replication timing 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.04.21.488684v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Proper control of replication timing (RT) is of vital importance to maintain genome and epigenome integrity. However, the genome-wide sequence determinants regulating RT remain unclear. Here, we develop a new machine learning method, named CO_SCPLOWONCERTC_SCPLOW, to simultaneously predict RT from sequence features and identify RT-modulating sequence elements in a genome-wide manner. CO_SCPLOWONCERTC_SCPLOW integrates two functionally cooperative modules, a selector, which performs importance estimationbased sampling to detect predictive sequence elements, and a predictor, which incorporates bidirectional recurrent neural networks and self-attention mechanism to achieve selective learning of longrange spatial dependencies across genomic loci. We apply CO_SCPLOWONCERTC_SCPLOW to predict RT in mouse embryonic stem cells and multiple human cell types with high accuracy. The identified RT-modulating sequence elements show novel connections with genomic and epigenomic features such as 3D chromatin interactions. In particular, CO_SCPLOWONCERTC_SCPLOW reveals a class of RT-modulating elements that are not transcriptional regulatory elements but are enriched with specific repetitive sequences. As a generic interpretable machine learning framework for predicting large-scale functional genomic profiles based on sequence features, CO_SCPLOWONCERTC_SCPLOW provides new insights into the potential sequence determinants of RT.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.21.488684</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CONCERT: Genome-wide prediction of sequence elements that modulate DNA replication timing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.04.20.488974v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-wide CRISPR screens of T cell exhaustion identify chromatin remodeling factors that limit T cell persistence 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.04.20.488974v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
T cell exhaustion limits anti-tumor immunity, but the molecular determinants of this process remain poorly understood. Using a chronic antigen stimulation assay, we performed genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screens to systematically discover genetic regulators of T cell exhaustion, which identified an enrichment of epigenetic factors. In vivo CRISPR screens in murine and human tumor models demonstrated that perturbation of several epigenetic regulators, including members of the INO80 and BAF chromatin remodeling complexes, improved T cell persistence in tumors. In vivo paired CRISPR perturbation and single-cell RNA sequencing revealed distinct transcriptional roles of each complex and that depletion of canonical BAF complex members, including Arid1a, resulted in the maintenance of an effector program and downregulation of terminal exhaustion-related genes in tumor-infiltrating T cells. Finally, Arid1a-depletion limited the global acquisition of chromatin accessibility associated with T cell exhaustion and led to improved anti-tumor immunity after adoptive cell therapy. In summary, we provide a comprehensive atlas of the genetic regulators of T cell exhaustion and demonstrate that modulation of the epigenetic state of T cell exhaustion can improve T cell responses in cancer immunotherapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Belk, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ly, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freitas, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valencia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shifrut, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kale, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yost, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duffy, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwee, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashworth, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mackall, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carnevale, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vardhana, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satpathy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.20.488974</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-wide CRISPR screens of T cell exhaustion identify chromatin remodeling factors that limit T cell persistence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.04.19.488785v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NIPBL and WAPL balance cohesin activity to regulate chromatin folding and gene expression 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.04.19.488785v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The relationship between cohesin-mediated chromatin looping and gene expression remains unclear. We investigated the roles of NIPBL and WAPL, two regulators of cohesin activity, in chromatin folding and transcription in human cells. Consistent with their opposing roles in cohesin regulation, depletion of these factors showed opposite effects on levels of chromatin-bound cohesin and spatial insulation of neighboring domains. We find that NIPBL or WAPL depletion each alter the expression of ~2,000 genes, most of which are uniquely sensitive to either regulator. We find that each set of differentially expressed genes are enriched at chromatin loop anchors and clustered within the genome, suggesting there are genomic regions sensitive to either more or less cohesin. Remarkably, co-depletion of both regulators rescued chromatin misfolding and gene misexpression compared to either single knockdown. Taken together, we present a model in which the relative, rather than absolute, levels of NIPBL and WAPL are required to balance cohesin activity in chromatin folding to regulate transcription.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Luppino, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Field, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yunker, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adelman, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joyce, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.19.488785</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NIPBL and WAPL balance cohesin activity to regulate chromatin folding and gene expression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.04.08.487672v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-throughput Oligopaint screen identifies druggable regulators of genome folding 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.04.08.487672v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although the molecular rules governing genome organization are being quickly elucidated, relatively few proteins regulating this process have been identified. To address this gap, we developed a fully automated imaging pipeline, called HiDRO (high-throughput DNA or RNA labeling with optimized Oligopaints), that permits quantitative measurement of chromatin interactions across a large number of samples. Using HiDRO, we screened the human druggable genome and identified >300 factors that regulate chromatin folding during interphase, including 43 validated hits that either increase or decrease interactions between topological associating domains (TADs). We discovered that genetic or chemical inhibition of the ubiquitous kinase GSK3A enhances long-range interactions by dysregulating cohesin-mediated chromatin looping. Collectively, these results highlight a noncanonical role for GSK3A signaling in nuclear architecture and underscore the broader utility of HiDRO-based screening to identify novel mechanisms that drive the spatial organization of the genome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Park, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isenhart, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barnett, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandra, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luppino, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harke, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wai, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yunker, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vahedi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillips-Cremins, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joyce, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.08.487672</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-throughput Oligopaint screen identifies druggable regulators of genome folding]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.04.11.487945v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reducing peptide sequence bias in quantitative mass spectrometry data with machine learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.04.11.487945v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Quantitative mass spectrometry measurements of peptides necessarily incorporate sequence-specific biases that reflect the behavior of the peptide during enzymatic digestion, liquid chromatography, and in the mass spectrometer. These sequence-specific effects impair quantification accuracy, yielding peptide quantities that are systematically under- or over-estimated. We provide empirical evidence for the existence of such biases, and we use a deep neural network, called Pepper, to automatically identify and reduce these biases. The model generalizes to new proteins and new runs within a related set of MS/MS experiments, and the learned coefficients themselves reflect expected physicochemical properties of the corresponding peptide sequences. The resulting adjusted abundance measurements are more correlated with mRNA-based gene expression measurements than the unadjusted measurements. Pepper is suitable for data generated on a variety of mass spectrometry instruments, and can be used with labeled or label-free approaches, and with data-independent or data-dependent acquisition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dincer, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schweppe, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noble, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.11.487945</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reducing peptide sequence bias in quantitative mass spectrometry data with machine learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.05.04.490680v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A unique epigenomic landscape defines CD8+ tissue-resident memory T cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.05.04.490680v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Memory T cells provide rapid and long-term protection against infection and tumors. The memory CD8+ T cell repertoire contains phenotypically and transcriptionally heterogeneous subsets with specialized functions and recirculation patterns. While these T cell populations have been well characterized in terms of differentiation potential and function, the epigenetic changes underlying memory T cell fate determination and tissue-residency remain largely unexplored. Here, we examined the single-cell chromatin landscape of CD8+ T cells over the course of acute viral infection. We reveal an early bifurcation of memory precursors displaying distinct chromatin accessibility and define epigenetic trajectories that lead to a circulating (TCIRC) or tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cell fate. While TRM cells displayed a conserved epigenetic signature across organs, we demonstrate that these cells exhibit tissue-specific signatures and identify transcription factors that regulate TRM cell populations in a site-specific manner. Moreover, we demonstrate that TRM cells and exhausted T (TEX) cells are distinct epigenetic lineages that are distinguishable early in their differentiation. Together, these findings show that TRM cell development is accompanied by dynamic alterations in chromatin accessibility that direct a unique transcriptional program resulting in a tissue-adapted and functionally distinct T cell state.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=192 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/490680v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (56K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@b03f1corg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@ff6871org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@220db2org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1b15166_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG HighlightsO_LIscATAC atlas reveals the epigenetic variance of memory CD8+ T cell subsets over the course of acute infection
C_LIO_LIEarly bifurcation of memory precursors leads to circulating versus tissue-resident cell fates
C_LIO_LIIntegrating transcriptional and epigenetic analyses identified organ-specific TRM cell regulators including HIC1 and BACH2
C_LIO_LIEpigenetic distinction of TRM cells and TEX cell subsets
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Buquicchio, F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fonseca, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belk, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evrard, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Obers, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yost, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satpathy, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mackay, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.04.490680</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A unique epigenomic landscape defines CD8+ tissue-resident memory T cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.05.21.492846v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nucleoli and the nucleoli-centromere association are dynamic during normal development and in cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.05.21.492846v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Centromeres are known to cluster around nucleoli in drosophila and mammalian cells. However, the functional significance of nucleoli-centromere interaction remains underexplored. We hypothesize that if this conserved interaction is functionally important, it should be dynamic under different physiological and pathological conditions. We examined the nucleolar structure and centromeres at various differentiation stages using cell culture models. The results show dynamic changes of nucleolar number, area, and nucleoli-centromere interactions at differentiation stages and in cancer cells. Embryonic stem cells usually have a single large nucleolus, which associates with a high percentage of centromeres. As cells differentiate into intermediate states, the nucleolar number increases and the association with centromeres decreases. In terminally differentiated cells, including myotubes, neurons and keratinocytes, the number of nucleoli and their association with centromeres are at the lowest. Cancer cells demonstrate the pattern of nucleoli number and nucleoli-centromere association that is akin to proliferative less differentiated cell types, suggesting that nucleolar reorganization and changes in nucleoli-centromere interactions may help facilitate malignant transformation. This idea is supported in a case of pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma, in which induced differentiation inhibits cell proliferation and reduces nucleolar number and centromere association. These findings suggest active roles of nucleolar structure in centromere function and genome organization critical for cellular function in both normal development and cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rodrigues, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacQuarrie, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freeman, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willis, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarez, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez White, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foltz, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.21.492846</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nucleoli and the nucleoli-centromere association are dynamic during normal development and in cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.05.11.491451v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The association of MEG3 lncRNA with nuclear speckles in living cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.05.11.491451v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nuclear speckles are nuclear bodies containing RNA-binding proteins as well as RNAs including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). MEG3 is a nuclear retained lncRNA that was identified to be associated with nuclear speck-les. To understand the association dynamics of MEG3 lncRNA with nuclear speckles in living cells we generated a fluorescently-tagged MEG3 transcript that could be detected in real-time. Under regular conditions, transient association of MEG3 with nuclear speckles was observed, including a nucleoplasmic fraction. Conditions under which transcription or splicing were inactive, which are known to affect nuclear speckle structure, showed prominent and increased association of MEG3 lncRNA with the nuclear speckles, specifically forming a ring-like structure around the nuclear speckles. This contrasted with MALAT1 lncRNA that is normally highly associated with nuclear speckles, which was released and dispersed in the nucleoplasm. Under normal conditions MEG3 dynamically associated with the periphery of the nuclear speckles, but under transcription or splicing inhibition, MEG3 could also enter the center of the nuclear speckle. Altogether, using live-cell imaging approaches we find that MEG3 lncRNA is a transient resident of nuclear speckles and that its association with this nuclear body is modulated by the levels of transcription and splicing activities in the cell.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hasenson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alkalay, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atrash, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boocholez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gershbaum, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hochberg-Laufer, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shav-Tal, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.11.491451</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The association of MEG3 lncRNA with nuclear speckles in living cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.05.26.493621v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The dynseq genome browser track enables visualization of context-specific, dynamic DNA sequence features at single nucleotide resolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.05.26.493621v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We introduce the dynseq genome browser track, which displays DNA nucleotide characters scaled by user-specified, base-resolution scores provided in the BigWig file format. The dynseq track enables visualization of context-specific, informative genomic sequence features. We demonstrate its utility in three popular genome browsers for interpreting cis-regulatory sequence syntax and regulatory variant interpretation by visualizing nucleotide importance scores derived from machine learning models of regulatory DNA trained on protein-DNA binding and chromatin accessibility experiments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nair, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barrett, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raney, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerpedjiev, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramalingam, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pampari, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lekschas, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haeussler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kundaje, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.26.493621</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The dynseq genome browser track enables visualization of context-specific, dynamic DNA sequence features at single nucleotide resolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.04.28.489670v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-scale phase separation by explosive percolation with single chromatin loop resolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.04.28.489670v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The 2m-long human DNA is tightly intertwined into the cell nucleus of the size of 10m. The DNA packing is explained by folding of chromatin fiber. This folding leads to the formation of such hierarchical structures as: chromosomal territories, compartments; densely packed genomic regions known as Chromatin Contact Domains (CCDs), and loops. We propose models of dynamical genome folding into hierarchical components in human lymphoblastoid, stem cell, and fibroblast cell lines. Our models are based on explosive percolation theory. The chromosomes are modeled as graphs where CTCF chromatin loops are represented as edges. The folding trajectory is simulated by gradually introducing loops to the graph following various edge addition strategies that are based on topological network properties, chromatin loop frequencies, compartmentalization, or epigenomic features. Finally, we propose the genome folding model - a biophysical pseudo-time process guided by a single scalar order parameter. The parameter is calculated by Linear Discriminant Analysis. We simulate the loop formation by using Loop Extrusion Model (LEM) while adding them to the system. The chromatin phase separation, where fiber folds into topological domains and compartments, is observed when the critical number of contacts is reached. We also observe that 80% of the loops are needed for chromatin fiber to condense in 3D space, and this is constant through various cell lines. Overall, our in-silico model integrates the high-throughput 3D genome interaction experimental data with the novel theoretical concept of phase separation, which allows us to model event-based time dynamics of chromatin loop formation and folding trajectories.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sengupta, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Denkiewicz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chilinski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szczepinska, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mollah, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korsak, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Souza, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plewczynski, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.28.489670</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-scale phase separation by explosive percolation with single chromatin loop resolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.07.13.499982v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Beyond TADs: microscopy reveals 2 axes of chromosome organization by CTCF and cohesin 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.07.13.499982v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While population level analyses reveal significant roles for CTCF and cohesin in mammalian genome organization, their contribution to chromatin structure and gene regulation at the single-cell level remain incompletely understood 1-4. Here, we use a super-resolution microscopy approach, Optical Reconstruction of Chromatin Architecture (ORCA) 5 to measure the effects of removal of CTCF or cohesin on genome folding across genomic scales. In untreated embryonic stem cells, we observe intricate, frequently stacked loops of chromatin which are largely dissolved upon cohesin removal. The loops compact chromatin at the < 3 Mb scale, increasing proximity between sequences not only within but also between TADs. We find multi-way contacts among loop anchors, preferentially at TAD borders, and these hubs largely dissolve upon CTCF degradation. CTCF-hubs bridge intervening TAD boundaries while keeping border distal regions from neighboring TADs apart outside the hub. Cohesin dependent loops at the < 3 Mb scale impede mixing at larger chromosomal scales through steric effects of loop stacking, dramatically reducing genomic cross-talk. Disruption of this ordered chromosomal structure led to increased cell-cell variability in gene expression, exceeding changes to average expression. Together our data revise the TAD-centric understanding of CTCF and cohesin, and provide a multi-scale, structural picture of how they organize the genome on the single-cell level through distinct contributions to loop stacking.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hafner, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berger, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nora, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boettiger, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.13.499982</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Beyond TADs: microscopy reveals 2 axes of chromosome organization by CTCF and cohesin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.06.28.498043v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phase separation of Myc differentially regulates gene transcription 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.06.28.498043v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dysregulation and enhanced expression of MYC transcription factors (TFs) including MYC and MYCN contribute to the majority of human cancers. For example, MYCN is amplified up to several hundred-fold in high-risk neuroblastoma. The resulting overexpression of N-myc aberrantly activates genes that are not activated at low N-myc levels and drives proliferation and cell survival. Whether increasing N-myc levels simply mediate binding to lower-affinity binding sites in the genome or fundamentally changes the activation process remains unclear. One such activation mechanism that could become important above threshold levels of N-myc is the formation of aberrant transcriptional condensates through phase separation. Phase separation has recently been linked to transcriptional regulation, but how strongly it contributes to gene activation remains unclear. Here we characterized the phase behavior of N-myc and showed that it can form dynamic condensates that bear the hallmarks of transcriptional activity. We tested the contribution of phase separation to N-myc-mediated gene expression by using a chemogenetic tool that allowed us to compare non-phase-separated and phase-separated conditions at identical N-myc levels, which both showed a strong impact on gene expression compared to no N-myc expression. However, we found that only a small fraction of <3% of N-myc-regulated genes is further affected by phase separation, but that these events include the activation of key oncogenes and the repression of tumor suppressors. Indeed, phase separation increases cell survival by [~]15% corroborating the biological effects of the transcriptional changes. However, our results also show that >97% of N-myc-regulated genes are not affected by N-myc phase separation, highlighting that transcription can be activated effectively by diffuse complexes of TFs with the transcriptional machinery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, C.-I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koach, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiss, W. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.28.498043</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phase separation of Myc differentially regulates gene transcription]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.06.05.494796v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Development and application of an uncapped mRNA platform 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.06.05.494796v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A novel uncapped mRNA platform was developed. Five lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated mRNA constructs were made to evaluate several aspects of our platform, including transfection efficiency and durability in vitro and in vivo and the activation of humoral and cellular immunity in several animal models. The constructs were eGFP-mRNA-LNP (for enhanced green fluorescence mRNA), Fluc-mRNA-LNP (for firefly luciferase mRNA), S{delta}T-mRNA-LNP (for Delta strain SARS-CoV-2 spike protein trimer mRNA), gDED-mRNA-LNP (for truncated glycoprotein D mRNA coding ectodomain from herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV2)) and gDFR-mRNA-LNP (for truncated HSV2 glycoprotein D mRNA coding amino acids 1[~]400). Quantifiable target protein expression was achieved in vitro and in vivo with eGFP-and Fluc-mRNA-LNP. S{delta}T-mRNA-LNP, gDED-mRNA-LNP and gDFR-mRNA-LNP induced both humoral and cellular immune responses comparable to those obtained by previously reported capped mRNA-LNP constructs. Notably, S{delta}T-mRNA-LNP elicited neutralizing antibodies in hamsters against the Omicron and Delta strains. Additionally, gDED-mRNA-LNP and gDFR-mRNA-LNP induced potent neutralizing antibodies in rabbits and mice. The mRNA constructs with uridine triphosphate (UTP) outperformed those with N1-methylpseudouridine triphosphate (N1m{psi}TP) in the induction of antibodies via S{delta}T-mRNA-LNP. Our uncapped, process-simplified, and economical mRNA platform may have broad utility in vaccines and protein replacement drugs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ni, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ke, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.05.494796</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Development and application of an uncapped mRNA platform]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.07.26.501624v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Maf Family Transcription Factors are Required for Nutrient Uptake in the Neonatal Gut 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.07.26.501624v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
There are fundamental differences in the way that neonatal and adult intestines absorb nutrients. In adults, macromolecules are efficiently broken down into simpler molecular components in the lumen of the small intestine, then absorbed. In contrast, neonates are thought to rely more on bulk intake of nutrients and subsequent degradation in the lysosome. Here, we identify the Maf family transcription factors, MafB and cMaf, as markers of terminally-differentiated intestinal enterocytes throughout life. The expression of these factors is regulated by HNF4/{gamma}, master regulators of the enterocyte cell fate. Loss of Maf factors results in a neonatal-specific failure to thrive and loss of bulk uptake of nutrients. RNA-Seq and CUT&RUN analyses defined an endo-lysosomal program as being downstream of these transcription factors. We demonstrate major transcriptional changes in metabolic pathways, including fatty acid oxidation and increases in peroxisome number in response to loss of Mafs. Finally, we show that deletion of Blimp1, which represses adult enterocyte genes in the neonatal gut, shows highly overlapping changes in gene expression and similar defects in nutrient uptake. This work defines transcriptional regulators that are necessary for bulk uptake in neonatal enterocytes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bara, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Underwood, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moreci, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sumigray, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verzi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lechler, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.26.501624</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Maf Family Transcription Factors are Required for Nutrient Uptake in the Neonatal Gut]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.08.11.503410v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In silico discovery of repetitive elements as key sequence determinants of 3D genome folding 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.08.11.503410v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Natural and experimental genetic variants can modify DNA loops and insulating boundaries to tune transcription, but it is unknown how sequence perturbations affect chromatin organization genome-wide. We developed an in silico deep-learning strategy to quantify the effect of any insertion, deletion, inversion, or substitution on chromatin contacts and systematically scored millions of synthetic variants. While most genetic manipulations have little impact, regions with CTCF motifs and active transcription are highly sensitive, as expected. However, our analysis also points to noncoding RNA genes and several families of repetitive elements as CTCF motif-free DNA sequences with particularly large effects on nearby chromatin interactions, sometimes exceeding the effects of CTCF sites and explaining interactions that lack CTCF. We anticipate that our available disruption tracks may be of broad interest and utility as a measure of 3D genome sensitivity and our computational strategies may serve as a template for biological inquiry with deep learning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gunsalus, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keiser, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pollard, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.11.503410</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In silico discovery of repetitive elements as key sequence determinants of 3D genome folding]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.09.16.508339v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of a self-renewing muscle satellite cell state by single-cell chromatin accessibility profiling 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.09.16.508339v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A balance between self-renewal and differentiation is critical for the regenerative capacity of tissue-resident stem cells. In skeletal muscle, successful regeneration requires the orchestrated activation, proliferation, and differentiation of muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) that are normally quiescent. A subset of MuSCs undergoes self-renewal to replenish the stem cell pool, but the features that identify and define self-renewing MuSCs remain to be elucidate. Here, through single-cell chromatin accessibility analysis, we reveal the self-renewal versus differentiation trajectories of MuSCs over the course of regeneration in vivo. We identify TGFBR3 as a unique marker of self-renewing MuSCs that can be purified and efficiently contribute to regeneration after transplantation; and we show that SMAD4 and its downstream genes are genetically required for self-renewal in vivo by restricting differentiation. Our study unveils the identity and mechanisms of self-renewing MuSCs, while providing a key resource for comprehensive analysis of muscle regeneration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Okafor, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Situ, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.16.508339</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of a self-renewing muscle satellite cell state by single-cell chromatin accessibility profiling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.09.08.507172v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Crosstalk between RNA m6A and DNA methylation regulates transposable element chromatin activation and cell fate in human pluripotent stem cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.09.08.507172v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transposable elements (TEs) are parasitic DNA sequences accounting for over half of the human genome. Tight control of the repression and activation states of TEs is critical for genome integrity, development, immunity, and diseases, including cancer. However, precisely how this regulation is achieved remains unclear. To address this question, we develop a targeted proteomic proximity labeling approach to capture TE-associated proteins in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). We find that the RNA N6-methyladenosine(m6A)-reader, YTHDC2, occupies genomic loci of the primate-specific TE, LTR7/HERV-H, specifically through its interaction with m6A-modified HERV-H RNAs. Unexpectedly, YTHDC2 recruits the DNA 5-methylcytosine(5mC)-demethylase, TET1, to remove 5mC from LTR7/HERV-H and prevent epigenetic silencing. Functionally, the YTHDC2/LTR7-axis inhibits neural differentiation of hESCs. Our results reveal both an underappreciated crosstalk between RNA m6A and DNA 5mC, the most abundant regulatory modifications of RNA and DNA in eukaryotes, and the fact that in hESCs this interplay controls TE activity and cell fate.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soderblom, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.08.507172</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Crosstalk between RNA m6A and DNA methylation regulates transposable element chromatin activation and cell fate in human pluripotent stem cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.10.19.512821v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Remodeling and compaction of the inactive X is regulated by Xist during female B cell activation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.10.19.512821v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
X Chromosome Inactivation (XCI) equalizes X-linked gene expression between sexes. B cells exhibit unusually dynamic XCI, as Xist RNA/heterochromatic marks on the inactive X (Xi) are absent in naive B cells, but return following mitogenic stimulation. Xi gene expression analysis supports dosage compensation, but reveals high levels of XCI escape genes in both naive and activated B cells. Allele-specific OligoPaints indicate similar Xi and Xa territories in B cells that is less compact than in fibroblasts. Allele-specific Hi-C maps reveal a lack of TAD-like structures on the Xi of naive B cells, and alterations in TADs and stronger TAD boundaries at Xi escape genes after mitogenic stimulation. Notably, Xist deletion in B cells reduces Xi compaction and changes TAD boundaries, independent of its localization to the Xi. Our findings provide the first evidence that Xi compaction/small scale organization in lymphocytes impact XCI maintenance and female biased X-linked gene expression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Anguera, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sierra, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barnett, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cook, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryu, H.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beethem, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillips-Cremins, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joyce, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.19.512821</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Remodeling and compaction of the inactive X is regulated by Xist during female B cell activation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.10.20.513057v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural elements facilitate extreme long-range gene regulation at a human disease locus 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.10.20.513057v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Enhancer clusters overlapping disease-associated mutations in Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) patients regulate SOX9 expression at genomic distances over 1.25 megabases. We applied optical reconstruction of chromatin architecture (ORCA) imaging to trace 3D locus topology during PRS-enhancer activation. While we observed pronounced changes in locus topology between cell-types, analysis of single chromatin fiber traces revealed that these ensemble-average differences arise not from the presence of cell-type unique conformations, but through changes in frequency of commonly sampled topologies. We further identified two CTCF-bound elements, internal to the SOX9 topologically associating domain, which are positioned near its 3D geometric center and bridge enhancer-promoter contacts in a series of chromatin loops. Ablation of these elements results in diminished SOX9 expression and altered domain-wide contacts. Polymer models with uniform loading across the domain and frequent cohesin collisions recapitulate this multiloop, centrally clustered geometry, suggesting a mechanism for gene regulation over ultralong ranges.

Four short bullet points that convey the key message of the paperSOX9 domain topology dynamically changes during a developmental transition

Structural elements promote TAD-wide interactions, stripe formation and transcription

Structural elements are CTCF-dependent and situated centrally in the 3D TAD structure

Polymer simulations of multi-loop model best recapitulate topological features
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, H. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swigut, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boettiger, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wysocka, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.20.513057</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural elements facilitate extreme long-range gene regulation at a human disease locus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.10.29.514376v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Improving the sensitivity of in vivo CRISPR off-target detection with DISCOVER-Seq+ 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.10.29.514376v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Discovery of off-target CRISPR-Cas genome editing activity in patient-derived cells and animal models is crucial for therapeutic applications, but currently exhibits low sensitivity. We demonstrate that inhibition of DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) accumulates repair protein MRE11 at CRISPR-targeted sites, enabling high-sensitivity mapping of off-target sites to positions of MRE11 binding using chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq). This technique, termed DISCOVER-Seq+, discovered up to 5-fold more CRISPR off-target sites in immortalized cell lines, primary human cells, and mice compared to previous methods. We demonstrated applicability to ex vivo knock-in of a cancer-directed transgenic T-cell receptor in primary human T cells and in vivo adenovirus knock-out of cardiovascular risk gene PCSK9 in mice. DISCOVER-Seq+ is the most sensitive method to-date for discovering off-target genome editing in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zou, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reyes Gaido, O. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Konig, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mog, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aviles-Vazquez, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marin-Gonzalez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ha, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.29.514376</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Improving the sensitivity of in vivo CRISPR off-target detection with DISCOVER-Seq+]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.10.14.512199v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Polycomb repression of Hox genes involves spatial feedback but not domain compaction or demixing 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.10.14.512199v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Polycomb group (PcG) proteins modulate higher-order genome folding and play a critical role in silencing transcription during development. It is commonly proposed that PcG dependent changes in genome folding, which compact chromatin, contribute directly to repression by blocking binding of activating complexes and demixing repressed targets from non-repressed chromatin. To test this model we utilized Optical Reconstruction of Chromatin Architecture (ORCA) to trace the 3-dimensional folding of the Hoxa gene cluster, a canonical Polycomb target, allowing us to analyze thousands of DNA traces in single cells. In cell types ranging from embryonic stem cells to brain tissue, we find that PcG-bound chromatin frequently explores decompact states and partial mixing with neighboring chromatin, while remaining uniformly repressed, challenging the repression-by-compaction model. Using polymer physics simulations, we show that the flexible ensembles we observe can be explained by dynamic contacts mediated by multivalent interactions that are too weak to induce phase separation. Instead, these transient contacts contribute to accurate propagation of the epigenetic state without ectopic spreading or gradual erosion. We propose that the distinctive 3D organization of Polycomb chromatin, reflects a mechanism of "spatial feedback" required for stable repression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Murphy, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boettiger, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.14.512199</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Polycomb repression of Hox genes involves spatial feedback but not domain compaction or demixing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.10.15.511838v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chromosome decompaction and cohesin direct Topoisomerase II activity to establish and maintain an unentangled interphase genome 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.10.15.511838v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The topological state of chromosomes determines their mechanical properties, dynamics, and function. Recent work indicated that interphase chromosomes are largely free of entanglements. Here, we use Hi-C, polymer simulations and multi-contact 3C, and propose that, in contrast, mitotic chromosomes are self-entangled. We explore how a mitotic self-entangled state is converted into an unentangled interphase state during mitotic exit. Most mitotic entanglements are removed during anaphase/telophase, with remaining ones removed during early G1, in a Topoisomerase II-dependent process. Polymer models suggest a two-stage disentanglement pathway: first, decondensation of mitotic chromosomes with remaining condensin loops produces entropic forces that bias Topoisomerase II activity towards decatenation. At the second stage, the loops are released, and formation of new entanglements is prevented by lower Topoisomerase II activity, allowing the establishment of unentangled and territorial G1 chromosomes. When mitotic entanglements are not removed, in experiment and models, a normal interphase state cannot be acquired.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hildebrand, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polovnikov, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dekker, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lafontaine, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fox, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venev, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirny, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dekker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.15.511838</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chromosome decompaction and cohesin direct Topoisomerase II activity to establish and maintain an unentangled interphase genome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.01.04.522664v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Programmable Drug Control of Receptor Valency Modulates the Potency of Cell Therapeutics 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.01.04.522664v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Designer T cells offer a novel paradigm for treating diseases like cancer, yet they are often hindered by target recognition evasion and limited in vivo control. To overcome these challenges, we develop valency-controlled receptors (VCRs), a novel class of synthetic receptors engineered to enable precise modulation of immune cell activity. VCRs use custom-designed valency-control ligands (VCLs) to modulate T cell signaling via spatial molecular clustering. Using multivalent DNA origami as VCL, we first establish that valency is important for tuning the activity of CD3-mediated immune activation. We then generate multivalent formats of clinically relevant drugs as VCL and incorporate VCR into the architecture of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). Our data demonstrate that VCL-mediated VCRs can significantly amplify CAR activities and improve suboptimal CARs. Finally, through medicinal chemistry, we synthesize programmable, bioavailable VCL drugs that potentiate targeted immune response against low-antigen tumors both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings establish receptor valency as a core mechanism for enhancing CAR functionality and offer a synthetic chemical biology platform for strengthening customizable, potent, and safer cell therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Finn, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chavez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rane, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gurjar, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.04.522664</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Programmable Drug Control of Receptor Valency Modulates the Potency of Cell Therapeutics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.01.04.522632v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
3D genome organization around nuclear speckles drives mRNA splicing efficiency 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.01.04.522632v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The nucleus is highly organized such that factors involved in transcription and processing of distinct classes of RNA are organized within specific nuclear bodies. One such nuclear body is the nuclear speckle, which is defined by high concentrations of protein and non-coding RNA regulators of pre-mRNA splicing. What functional role, if any, speckles might play in the process of mRNA splicing remains unknown. Here we show that genes localized near nuclear speckles display higher spliceosome concentrations, increased spliceosome binding to their pre-mRNAs, and higher co-transcriptional splicing levels relative to genes that are located farther from nuclear speckles. We show that directed recruitment of a pre-mRNA to nuclear speckles is sufficient to drive increased mRNA splicing levels. Finally, we show that gene organization around nuclear speckles is highly dynamic with differential localization between cell types corresponding to differences in Pol II occupancy. Together, our results integrate the longstanding observations of nuclear speckles with the biochemistry of mRNA splicing and demonstrate a critical role for dynamic 3D spatial organization of genomic DNA in driving spliceosome concentrations and controlling the efficiency of mRNA splicing
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bhat, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chow, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emert, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ettlin, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quinodoz, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takei, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanco, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guttman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.04.522632</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[3D genome organization around nuclear speckles drives mRNA splicing efficiency]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.01.03.522592v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tet-dependent 5-hydroxymethyl-Cytosine modification of mRNA regulates the axon guidance genes robo2 and slit in Drosophila 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.01.03.522592v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Modifications of mRNA, especially methylation of adenosine, have recently drawn much attention. The much rarer modification, 5-hydroxymethylation of cytosine (5hmC), is not well understood and is the subject of this study. Vertebrate Tet proteins are 5-methylcytosine (5mC) hydroxylases and catalyze the transition of 5mC to 5hmC in DNA. These enzymes have recently been shown to have the same function in messenger RNAs in both vertebrates and in Drosophila. The Tet gene is essential in Drosophila as Tet knock-out animals do not reach adulthood. We describe the identification of Tet-target genes in the embryo and larval brain by mapping one, Tet DNA-binding sites throughout the genome and two, the Tet-dependent 5hmrC modifications transcriptome-wide. 5hmrC modifications are distributed along the entire transcript, while Tet DNA-binding sites are preferentially located at the promoter where they overlap with histone H3K4me3 peaks. The identified mRNAs are preferentially involved in neuron and axon development and Tet knock-out led to a reduction of 5hmrC marks on specific mRNAs. Among the Tet-target genes were the robo2 receptor and its slit ligand that function in axon guidance in Drosophila and in vertebrates. Tet knock-out embryos show overlapping phenotypes with robo2 and both Robo2 and Slit protein levels were markedly reduced in Tet KO larval brains. Our results establish a role for Tet-dependent 5hmrC in facilitating the translation of modified mRNAs primarily in cells of the nervous system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Singh, B. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kramer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirishenko, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Changela, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bizet, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuks, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steward, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.03.522592</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tet-dependent 5-hydroxymethyl-Cytosine modification of mRNA regulates the axon guidance genes robo2 and slit in Drosophila]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.01.18.524527v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Stochastic motion and transcriptional dynamicsof distal enhancer-promoter pairs on a compacted chromosome 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.01.18.524527v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromosomes in the eukaryotic nucleus are highly compacted. However, for many functional processes, including transcription initiation, the 3D pair-wise motion of distal chromosomal elements, such as enhancers and promoters, is essential and necessitates dynamic fluidity. Therefore, the interplay of chromosome organization and dynamics is crucial for gene regulation. Here, we use a live imaging assay to simultaneously measure the positions of pairs of enhancers and promoters and their transcriptional output in the developing fly embryo while systematically varying the genomic separation between these two DNA loci. Our analysis reveals a combination of a compact globular organization and fast subdiffusive dynamics. These combined features cause an anomalous scaling of polymer relaxation times with genomic separation and lead to long-ranged correlations compared to existing polymer models. This scaling implies that encounter times of DNA loci are much less dependent on genomic separation than predicted by existing polymer models, with potentially significant consequences for eukaryotic gene expression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brueckner, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barinov, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zoller, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gregor, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.18.524527</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Stochastic motion and transcriptional dynamicsof distal enhancer-promoter pairs on a compacted chromosome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.10.527870v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Retrospective identification of intrinsic factors that mark pluripotency potential in rare somatic cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.10.527870v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pluripotency can be induced in somatic cells by the expression of the four "Yamanaka" factors OCT4, KLF4, SOX2, and MYC. However, even in homogeneous conditions, usually only a rare subset of cells admit reprogramming, and the molecular characteristics of this subset remain unknown. Here, we apply retrospective clone tracing to identify and characterize the individual human fibroblast cells that are primed for reprogramming. These fibroblasts showed markers of increased cell cycle speed and decreased fibroblast activation. Knockdown of a fibroblast activation factor identified by our analysis led to increased reprogramming efficiency, identifying it as a barrier to reprogramming. Changing the frequency of reprogramming by inhibiting the activity of LSD1 led to an enlarging of the pool of cells that were primed for reprogramming. Our results show that even homogeneous cell populations can exhibit heritable molecular variability that can dictate whether individual rare cells will reprogram or not.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jain, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goyal, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunagin, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cote, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mellis, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emert, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dardani, I. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reffsin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raj, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.10.527870</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Retrospective identification of intrinsic factors that mark pluripotency potential in rare somatic cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.01.26.525571v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deep learning enables fast, gentle STED microscopy 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.01.26.525571v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
STED microscopy is widely used to image subcellular structures with super-resolution. Here, we report that denoising STED images with deep learning can mitigate photobleaching and photodamage by reducing the pixel dwell time by one or two orders of magnitude. Our method allows for efficient and robust restoration of noisy 2D and 3D STED images with multiple targets and facilitates long-term imaging of mitochondrial dynamics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ebrahimi, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stephan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carravilla, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eggeling, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jakobs, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, K. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.26.525571</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deep learning enables fast, gentle STED microscopy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.22.529589v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Foxp3 Orchestrates Reorganization of Chromatin Architecture to Establish Regulatory T Cell Identity 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.22.529589v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromatin conformation reorganization is emerging as an important layer of regulation for gene expression and lineage specification. Yet, how lineage-specific transcription factors contribute to the establishment of cell type-specific 3D chromatin architecture in the immune cells remains unclear, especially for the late stages of T cell subset differentiation and maturation. Regulatory T cells (Treg) are mainly generated in the thymus as a subpopulation of T cells specializing in suppressing excessive immune responses. Here, by comprehensively mapping 3D chromatin organization during Treg cell differentiation, we show that Treg-specific chromatin structures were progressively established during its lineage specification, and highly associated with Treg signature gene expression. Additionally, the binding sites of Foxp3, a Treg lineage specifying transcription factor, were highly enriched at Treg-specific chromatin loop anchors. Further comparison of the chromatin interactions between wide-type Tregs versus Treg cells from Foxp3 knock-in/knockout or newly-generated Foxp3 domain-swap mutant mouse revealed that Foxp3 was essential for the establishment of Treg-specific 3D chromatin architecture, although it was not dependent on the formation of the Foxp3 domain-swapped dimer. These results highlighted an underappreciated role of Foxp3 in modulating Treg-specific 3D chromatin structure formation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, D.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.22.529589</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Foxp3 Orchestrates Reorganization of Chromatin Architecture to Establish Regulatory T Cell Identity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.06.527380v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Boundary stacking interactions enable cross-TAD enhancer-promoter communication during limb development 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.06.527380v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While long-range enhancers and their target promoters are frequently contained within a TAD, many developmentally important genes have their promoter and enhancers within different TADs. Hypotheses about molecular mechanisms enabling such cross-TAD interactions remain to be assessed. To test these hypotheses, we use Optical Reconstruction of Chromatin Architecture (ORCA) to characterize the conformations of the Pitx1 locus on thousands of single chromosomes in developing mouse limbs. Our data supports a model in which neighboring boundaries are stacked with each other as a result of loop-extrusion, bringing boundary-proximal cis-elements into contact. This stacking interaction also explains the appearance of architectural stripes in the population average maps (e.g. Hi-C data). Through molecular dynamics simulations, we further propose that increasing boundary strengths facilitates the formation of the stacked boundary conformation, counter-intuitively facilitating border bypass. This work provides a revised view of the TAD borders function, both facilitating as well as preventing cis-regulatory interactions, and introduces a framework to distinguish border-crossing from border-respecting enhancer-promoter pairs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hung, T.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kingsley, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boettiger, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.06.527380</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Boundary stacking interactions enable cross-TAD enhancer-promoter communication during limb development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.18.528138v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Conformational analysis of chromosome structures reveals vital role of chromosome morphology in gene function 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.18.528138v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The 3D conformations of chromosomes are highly variant and stochastic between single cells. Recent progress in multiplexed 3D FISH imaging, single cell Hi-C and genome structure modeling allows a closer analysis of the structural variations of chromosomes between cells to infer the functional implications of structural heterogeneity. Here, we introduce a two-step dimensionality reduction method to classify a population of single cell 3D chromosome structures, either from simulation or imaging experiment, into dominant conformational clusters with distinct chromosome morphologies. We found that almost half of all structures for each chromosome can be described by 5-10 dominant chromosome morphologies, which play a fundamental role in establishing conformational variation of chromosomes. These morphologies are conserved in different cell types, but vary in their relative proportion of structures. Chromosome morphologies are distinguished by the presence or absence of characteristic chromosome territory domains, which expose some chromosomal regions to varying nuclear environments in different morphologies, such as nuclear positions and associations to nuclear speckles, lamina, and nucleoli. These observations point to distinct functional variations for the same chromosomal region in different chromosome morphologies. We validated chromosome conformational clusters and their associated subnuclear locations with data from DNA-MERFISH imaging and single cell sci-HiC data. Our method provides an important approach to assess the variation of chromosome structures between cells and link differences in conformational states with distinct gene functions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yildirim, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boninsegna, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alber, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.18.528138</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Conformational analysis of chromosome structures reveals vital role of chromosome morphology in gene function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.01.30.526264v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Programmable peroxidase-assisted signal amplification enables flexible detection of nucleic acid targets in cellular and histopathological specimens 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.01.30.526264v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In situ hybridization (ISH) is a powerful tool for investigating the spatial arrangement of nucleic acid targets in fixed samples. ISH is typically visualized using fluorophores to allow high sensitivity and multiplexing or with colorimetric labels to facilitate co-visualization with histopathological stains. Both approaches benefit from signal amplification, which makes target detection effective, rapid, and compatible with a broad range of optical systems. Here, we introduce a unified technical platform, termed  pSABER, for the amplification of ISH signals in cell and tissue systems. pSABER decorates the in situ target with concatemeric binding sites for a horseradish peroxidase-conjugated oligonucleotide which can then catalyze the massive localized deposition of fluorescent or colorimetric substrates. We demonstrate that pSABER effectively labels DNA and RNA targets, works robustly in cultured cells and challenging formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) specimens. Furthermore, pSABER can achieve 25-fold signal amplification over conventional signal amplification by exchange reaction (SABER) and can be serially multiplexed using solution exchange. Therefore, by linking nucleic acid detection to robust signal amplification capable of diverse readouts, pSABER will have broad utility in research and clinical settings.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Attar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Browning, V. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nichols, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsue, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shechner, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shendure, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lieberman, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akilesh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beliveau, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.30.526264</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Programmable peroxidase-assisted signal amplification enables flexible detection of nucleic acid targets in cellular and histopathological specimens]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.06.530899v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tigerfish designs oligonucleotide-based in situ hybridization probes targeting intervals of highly repetitive DNA at the scale of genomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.06.530899v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) is a powerful method for the targeted visualization of nucleic acids in their native contexts. Recent technological advances have leveraged computationally designed oligonucleotide (oligo) probes to interrogate >100 distinct targets in the same sample, pushing the boundaries of FISH-based assays. However, even in the most highly multiplexed experiments, repetitive DNA regions are typically not included as targets, as the computational design of specific probes against such regions presents significant technical challenges. Consequently, many open questions remain about the organization and function of highly repetitive sequences. Here, we introduce Tigerfish, a software tool for the genome-scale design of oligo probes against repetitive DNA intervals. We showcase Tigerfish by designing a panel of 24 interval-specific repeat probes specific to each of the 24 human chromosomes and imaging this panel on metaphase spreads and in interphase nuclei. Tigerfish extends the powerful toolkit of oligo-based FISH to highly repetitive DNA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aguilar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camplisson, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miga, K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noble, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beliveau, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.06.530899</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tigerfish designs oligonucleotide-based in situ hybridization probes targeting intervals of highly repetitive DNA at the scale of genomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.30.534966v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nucleolar structure connects with global nuclear organization 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.30.534966v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The nucleolus is a multi-functional nuclear body. To tease out the roles of nucleolar structure without resorting to multi-action drugs, we knocked down RNA polymerase I subunit RPA194 in HeLa cells by siRNA. Loss of RPA194 resulted in nucleolar structural segregation and effects on both nucleolus-proximal and distal nuclear components. The perinucleolar compartment was disrupted, centromere-nucleolus interactions were significantly reduced, and the intranuclear locations of specific genomic loci were altered. Moreover, Cajal bodies, distal from nucleoli, underwent morphological and compositional changes. To distinguish whether these global reorganizations are the results of nucleolar structural disruption or inhibition of ribosome synthesis, the pre-ribosomal RNA processing factor, UTP4, was also knocked down, which did not lead to nucleolar segregation, nor the intranuclear effects seen with RPA195A knockdown, demonstrating that they do not arise from a cessation of ribosome synthesis. These findings point to a commutative system that links nucleolar structure to the maintenance and spatial organization of certain nuclear bodies and genomic loci.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baserga, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pederson, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.30.534966</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nucleolar structure connects with global nuclear organization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.09.531972v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamics of an incoherent feedforward loop drive ERK-dependent pattern formation in the early Drosophila embryo 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.09.531972v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Positional information in developing tissues often takes the form of stripes of gene expression that mark the boundaries of a particular cell type or morphogenetic process. How stripes form is still in many cases poorly understood. Here we use optogenetics and live-cell biosensors to investigate one such pattern: the posterior stripe of brachyenteron (byn) expression in the early Drosophila embryo. This byn stripe depends on interpretation of an upstream signal - a gradient of ERK kinase activity - and the expression of two target genes tailless (tll) and huckebein (hkb) that exert antagonistic control over byn. We find that high or low doses of ERK signaling produce either transient or sustained byn expression, respectively. These ERK stimuli also regulate tll and hkb expression with distinct dynamics: tll transcription is rapidly induced under both low and high stimuli, whereas hkb transcription converts graded ERK inputs into an output switch with a variable time delay. Antagonistic regulatory paths acting on different timescales are hallmarks of an incoherent feedforward loop architecture, which is sufficient to explain transient or sustained byn dynamics and adds temporal complexity to the steady-state model of byn stripe formation. We further show that an all-or-none stimulus can be  blurred through intracellular diffusion to non-locally produce a stripe of byn gene expression. Overall, our study provides a blueprint for using optogenetic inputs to dissect developmental signal interpretation in space and time.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ho, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oatman, H. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McFann, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, H. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shvartsman, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toettcher, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.09.531972</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamics of an incoherent feedforward loop drive ERK-dependent pattern formation in the early Drosophila embryo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.07.531569v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamic network-guided CRISPRi screen reveals CTCF loop-constrained nonlinear enhancer-gene regulatory activity in cell state transitions 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.07.531569v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Comprehensive enhancer discovery is challenging because most enhancers, especially those affected in complex diseases, have weak effects on gene expression. Our network modeling revealed that nonlinear enhancer-gene regulation during cell state transitions can be leveraged to improve the sensitivity of enhancer discovery. Utilizing hESC definitive endoderm differentiation as a dynamic transition system, we conducted a mid-transition CRISPRi-based enhancer screen. The screen discovered a comprehensive set of enhancers (4 to 9 per locus) for each of the core endoderm lineage-specifying transcription factors, and many enhancers had strong effects mid-transition but weak effects post-transition. Through integrating enhancer activity measurements and three-dimensional enhancer-promoter interaction information, we were able to develop a CTCF loop-constrained Interaction Activity (CIA) model that can better predict functional enhancers compared to models that rely on Hi-C-based enhancer-promoter contact frequency. Our study provides generalizable strategies for sensitive and more comprehensive enhancer discovery in both normal and pathological cell state transitions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Luo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xi, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shigaki, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cutler, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosen, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pulecio, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glenn, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vierbuchen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sidoli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Apostolou, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huangfu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beer, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.07.531569</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamic network-guided CRISPRi screen reveals CTCF loop-constrained nonlinear enhancer-gene regulatory activity in cell state transitions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.21.533670v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Utilizing flow cytometry sorting signal width to enrich for cells positive to endogenous gene integration of fluorescent proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.21.533670v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Endogenous gene knock-in using CRIPSR is becoming the standard for fluorescent tagging of endogenous proteins. Some protocols, particularly those that utilize insert cassettes that carry a fluorescent protein tag, can yield many types of cells with off-target insertions that have diffuse fluorescent signal throughout the whole cell in addition to scarce cells with on-target gene insertions that show the correct sub-cellular localization of the tagged protein. As such, when searching for cells with on-target integration using flow cytometry, the off-target fluorescent cells yield a high percentage of false positives. Here, we show that by changing the gating used to select for fluorescence during flow cytometry sorting, namely utilizing the width of the signal as opposed to the area, we can highly enrich for positively integrated cells. Reproducible gates were created to select for even minuscule percentages of correct subcellular signal, and these parameters were validated by fluorescence microscopy. This method is a powerful tool to rapidly enhance the generation of cell-lines with correctly integrated gene knock-ins encoding endogenous fluorescent proteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Faber, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hauschner, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atrash, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bilinsky, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shav-Tal, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.21.533670</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Utilizing flow cytometry sorting signal width to enrich for cells positive to endogenous gene integration of fluorescent proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.04.04.535480v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparing chromatin contact maps at scale: methods and insights 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.04.04.535480v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Comparing chromatin contact maps is an essential step in quantifying how three-dimensional (3D) genome organization shapes development, evolution, and disease. However, no gold standard exists for comparing contact maps, and even simple methods often disagree. In this study, we propose novel comparison methods and evaluate them alongside existing approaches using genome-wide Hi-C data and 22,500 in silico predicted contact maps. We also quantify the robustness of methods to common sources of biological and technical variation, such as boundary size and noise. We find that simple difference-based methods such as mean squared error are suitable for initial screening, but biologically informed methods are necessary to identify why maps diverge and propose specific functional hypotheses. We provide a reference guide, codebase, and benchmark for rapidly comparing chromatin contact maps at scale to enable biological insights into the 3D organization of the genome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gunsalus, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McArthur, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gjoni, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pittman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Capra, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pollard, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.04.535480</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparing chromatin contact maps at scale: methods and insights]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.04.01.535211v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pro-inflammatory macrophages impair skeletal muscle regeneration in ischemic-damaged limbs by inducing precocious differentiation of satellite cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.04.01.535211v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI), representing the end-stage of peripheral arterial disease (PAD), is associated with a one-year limb amputation rate of [~]15-20% and significant mortality. A key characteristic of CLTI is the failure of the innate regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle, though the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, single-cell transcriptome analysis of ischemic and non-ischemic muscle from the same CLTI patients demonstrated that ischemic-damaged tissue is enriched with pro-inflammatory macrophages. Comparable results were also observed in a murine CLTI model. Importantly, integrated analyses of both human and murine data revealed premature differentiation of muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) in damaged tissue and indications of defects in intercellular signaling communication between MuSCs and their inflammatory niche. Collectively, our research provides the first single-cell transcriptome atlases of skeletal muscle from CLTI patients and murine models, emphasizing the crucial role of macrophages and inflammation in regulating muscle regeneration in CLTI through interactions with MuSCs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Southerland, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fei, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olivere, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morowitz, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Otto, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kontos, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.01.535211</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pro-inflammatory macrophages impair skeletal muscle regeneration in ischemic-damaged limbs by inducing precocious differentiation of satellite cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.04.08.536119v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparative single cell epigenomic analysis of gene regulatory programs in the rodent and primate neocortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.04.08.536119v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sequence divergence of cis-regulatory elements drives species-specific traits, but how this manifests in the evolution of the neocortex at the molecular and cellular level remains to be elucidated. We investigated the gene regulatory programs in the primary motor cortex of human, macaque, marmoset, and mouse with single-cell multiomics assays, generating gene expression, chromatin accessibility, DNA methylome, and chromosomal conformation profiles from a total of over 180,000 cells. For each modality, we determined species-specific, divergent, and conserved gene expression and epigenetic features at multiple levels. We find that cell type-specific gene expression evolves more rapidly than broadly expressed genes and that epigenetic status at distal candidate cis-regulatory elements (cCREs) evolves faster than promoters. Strikingly, transposable elements (TEs) contribute to nearly 80% of the human-specific cCREs in cortical cells. Through machine learning, we develop sequence-based predictors of cCREs in different species and demonstrate that the genomic regulatory syntax is highly preserved from rodents to primates. Lastly, we show that epigenetic conservation combined with sequence similarity helps uncover functional cis-regulatory elements and enhances our ability to interpret genetic variants contributing to neurological disease and traits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zemke, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armand, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nery, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castanon, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartlett, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osteen, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krienen, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taskin, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ting, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCarroll, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Callaway, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behrens, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lein, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ecker, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.08.536119</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparative single cell epigenomic analysis of gene regulatory programs in the rodent and primate neocortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.04.06.535849v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enhanced performance of gene expression predictive models with protein-mediated spatial chromatin interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.04.06.535849v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
There have been multiple attempts to predict the expression of the genes based on the sequence, epigenetics, and various other factors. To improve those predictions, we have decided to investigate adding protein-specific 3D interactions that play a major role in the compensation of the chromatin structure in the cell nucleus. To achieve this, we have used the architecture of one of the state-of-the-art algorithms, ExPecto (J. Zhou et al., 2018), and investigated the changes in the model metrics upon adding the spatially relevant data. We have used ChIA-PET interactions that are mediated by cohesin (24 cell lines), CTCF (4 cell lines), and RNAPOL2 (4 cell lines). As the output of the study, we have developed the Spatial Gene Expression (SpEx) algorithm that shows statistically significant improvements in most cell lines.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chilinski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lipinski, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agarwal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plewczynski, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.06.535849</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enhanced performance of gene expression predictive models with protein-mediated spatial chromatin interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.05.04.539153v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The temporal progression of immune remodeling during metastasis. 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.05.04.539153v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tumor metastasis requires systemic remodeling of distant organ microenvironments which impacts immune cell phenotypes, population structure, and intercellular communication networks. However, our understanding of immune phenotypic dynamics in the metastatic niche remains incomplete. Here, we longitudinally assayed lung immune cell gene expression profiles in mice bearing PyMT-driven metastatic breast tumors from the onset of primary tumorigenesis, through formation of the pre-metastatic niche, to the final stages of metastatic outgrowth. Computational analysis of these data revealed an ordered series of immunological changes that correspond to metastatic progression. Specifically, we uncovered a TLR-NF{kappa}B myeloid inflammatory program which correlates with pre-metastatic niche formation and mirrors described signatures of CD14+  activated MDSCs in the primary tumor. Moreover, we observed that cytotoxic NK cell proportions increased over time which illustrates how the PyMT lung metastatic niche is both inflammatory and immunosuppressive. Finally, we predicted metastasis-associated immune intercellular signaling interactions involving Igf1 and Ccl6 which may organize the metastatic niche. In summary, this work identifies novel immunological signatures of metastasis and discovers new details about established mechanisms that drive metastatic progression.

Graphical abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=85 SRC="FIGDIR/small/539153v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (27K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1333376org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@77c937org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@3b78b1org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@70d497_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG In briefMcGinnis et al. report a longitudinal scRNA-seq atlas of lung immune cells in mice bearing PyMT-driven metastatic breast tumors and identify immune cell transcriptional states, shifts in population structure, and rewiring of cell-cell signaling networks which correlate with metastatic progression.

HighlightsO_LILongitudinal scRNA-seq reveals distinct stages of immune remodeling before, during, and after metastatic colonization in the lungs of PyMT mice.
C_LIO_LITLR-NF{kappa}B inflammation correlates with pre-metastatic niche formation and involves both tissue-resident and bone marrow-derived myeloid cell populations.
C_LIO_LIInflammatory lung myeloid cells mirror  activated primary tumor MDSCs, suggesting that primary tumor-derived cues induce Cd14 expression and TLR-NF{kappa}B inflammation in the lung.
C_LIO_LILymphocytes contribute to the inflammatory and immunosuppressive lung metastatic microenvironment, highlighted by enrichment of cytotoxic NK cells in the lung over time.
C_LIO_LICell-cell signaling network modeling predicts cell type-specific Ccl6 regulation and IGF1-IGF1R signaling between neutrophils and interstitial macrophages.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McGinnis, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reticker-Flynn, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winkler, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satpathy, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.04.539153</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The temporal progression of immune remodeling during metastasis.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.05.07.539762v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-resolution spatial multi-omics reveals cell-type specific nuclear compartments 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.05.07.539762v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mammalian nucleus is compartmentalized by diverse subnuclear structures. These subnuclear structures, marked by nuclear bodies and histone modifications, are often cell-type specific and affect gene regulation and 3D genome organization1-3. Understanding nuclear organization requires identifying the molecular constituents of subnuclear structures and mapping their associations with specific genomic loci in individual cells, within complex tissues. Here, we introduce two-layer DNA seqFISH+, which allows simultaneous mapping of 100,049 genomic loci, together with nascent transcriptome for 17,856 genes and a diverse set of immunofluorescently labeled subnuclear structures all in single cells in cell lines and adult mouse cerebellum. Using these multi-omics datasets, we showed that repressive chromatin compartments are more variable by cell type than active compartments. We also discovered a single exception to this rule: an RNA polymerase II (RNAPII)-enriched compartment was associated with long, cell-type specific genes (> 200kb), in a manner distinct from nuclear speckles. Further, our analysis revealed that cell-type specific facultative and constitutive heterochromatin compartments marked by H3K27me3 and H4K20me3 are enriched at specific genes and gene clusters, respectively, and shape radial chromosomal positioning and inter-chromosomal interactions in neurons and glial cells. Together, our results provide a single-cell high-resolution multi-omics view of subnuclear compartments, associated genomic loci, and their impacts on gene regulation, directly within complex tissues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Takei, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prasad, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ombelets, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schindler, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.07.539762</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-resolution spatial multi-omics reveals cell-type specific nuclear compartments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.05.04.539469v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CTCF-mediated insulation and chromatin environment modulate Car5b escape from X inactivation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.05.04.539469v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe number and escape levels of genes that escape X chromosome inactivation (XCI) in female somatic cells vary among tissues and cell types, potentially contributing to specific sex differences. Here we investigate the role of CTCF, a master chromatin conformation regulator, in regulating escape from XCI. CTCF binding profiles and epigenetic features were systematically examined at constitutive and facultative escape genes using mouse allelic systems to distinguish the inactive X (Xi) and active X (Xa) chromosomes.

ResultsWe found that escape genes are located inside domains flanked by convergent arrays of CTCF binding sites, consistent with the formation of loops. In addition, strong and divergent CTCF binding sites often located at the boundaries between escape genes and adjacent neighbors subject to XCI would help insulate domains. Facultative escapees show clear differences in CTCF binding dependent on their XCI status in specific cell types/tissues. Concordantly, deletion but not inversion of a CTCF binding site at the boundary between the facultative escape gene Car5b and its silent neighbor Siah1b resulted in loss of Car5b escape. Reduced CTCF binding and enrichment of a repressive mark over Car5b in cells with a boundary deletion indicated loss of looping and insulation. In mutant lines in which either the Xi-specific compact structure or its H3K27me3 enrichment was disrupted, escape genes showed an increase in gene expression and associated active marks, supporting the roles of the 3D Xi structure and heterochromatic marks in constraining levels of escape.

ConclusionOur findings indicate that escape from XCI is modulated both by looping and insulation of chromatin via convergent arrays of CTCF binding sites and by compaction and epigenetic features of the surrounding heterochromatin.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tronco, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonora, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thakur, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berletch, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Filippova, G. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henikoff, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shendure, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noble, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Disteche, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.04.539469</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CTCF-mediated insulation and chromatin environment modulate Car5b escape from X inactivation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.05.24.542032v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
scGHOST: Identifying single-cell 3D genome subcompartments 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.05.24.542032v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
New single-cell Hi-C (scHi-C) technologies enable probing of the genome-wide cell-to-cell variability in 3D genome organization from individual cells. Several computational methods have been developed to reveal single-cell 3D genome features based on scHi-C data, including A/B compartments, topologically-associating domains, and chromatin loops. However, no scHi-C analysis method currently exists for annotating single-cell subcompartments, which are crucial for providing a more refined view of large-scale chromosome spatial localization in single cells. Here, we present SCGHOST, a single-cell subcompartment annotation method based on graph embedding with constrained random walk sampling. Applications of SCGHOST to scHi-C data and single-cell 3D genome imaging data demonstrate the reliable identification of single-cell subcompartments and offer new insights into cell-to-cell variability of nuclear subcompartments. Using scHi-C data from the human prefrontal cortex, SCGHOST identifies cell type-specific subcompartments that are strongly connected to cell type-specific gene expression, suggesting the functional implications of single-cell subcompartments. Overall, SCGHOST is an effective new method for single-cell 3D genome subcompartment annotation based on scHi-C data for a broad range of biological contexts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xiong, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.24.542032</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[scGHOST: Identifying single-cell 3D genome subcompartments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.06.02.543474v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Recording morphogen signals reveals origins of gastruloid symmetry breaking 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.06.02.543474v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
When cultured in three dimensional spheroids, mammalian stem cells can reproducibly self-organize a single anterior-posterior axis and sequentially differentiate into structures resembling the primitive streak and tailbud. Whereas the embryos body axes are instructed by spatially patterned extra-embryonic cues, it is unknown how these stem cell gastruloids break symmetry to reproducibly define a single anterior-posterior (A-P) axis. Here, we use synthetic gene circuits to trace how early intracellular signals predict cells future anterior-posterior position in the gastruloid. We show that Wnt signaling evolves from a homogeneous state to a polarized state, and identify a critical 6-hour time period when single-cell Wnt activity predicts future cellular position, prior to the appearance of polarized signaling patterns or morphology. Single-cell RNA sequencing and live-imaging reveal that early Wnt-high and Wnt-low cells contribute to distinct cell types and suggest that axial symmetry breaking is driven by sorting rearrangements involving differential cell adhesion. We further extend our approach to other canonical embryonic signaling pathways, revealing that even earlier heterogeneity in TGF{beta} signaling predicts A-P position and modulates Wnt signaling during the critical time period. Our study reveals a sequence of dynamic cellular processes that transform a uniform cell aggregate into a polarized structure and demonstrates that a morphological axis can emerge out of signaling heterogeneity and cell movements even in the absence of exogenous patterning cues.

HighlightsO_LISymmetry-breaking gastruloid protocol where Wnt signaling evolves from a uniform high state to a single posterior domain.
C_LIO_LISynthetic gene circuits record Wnt, Nodal and BMP signaling with high time resolution.
C_LIO_LIHeterogeneity in Wnt signaling at 96 h predicts cells future positions and types.
C_LIO_LIWnt activity differences are influenced by earlier heterogeneity in Nodal/BMP activity.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McNamara, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solley, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adamson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toettcher, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.02.543474</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Recording morphogen signals reveals origins of gastruloid symmetry breaking]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.06.28.546457v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Joint profiling of multiplex chromatin interactions, gene expression, and RNA-chromatin associations in single cells of the human brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.06.28.546457v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SUMMARY PARAGRAPHThe dynamically organized chromatin complexes often involve multiplex chromatin interactions and sometimes chromatin-associated RNA (caRNA) 1-3. Chromatin complex compositions change during cellular differentiation and aging, and are expected to be highly heterogeneous among terminally differentiated single cells 4-7. Here we introduce the Multi-Nucleic Acid Interaction Mapping in Single Cell (MUSIC) technique for concurrent profiling of multiplex chromatin interactions, gene expression, and RNA-chromatin associations within individual nuclei. Applied to 14 human frontal cortex samples from elderly donors, MUSIC delineates diverse cortical cell types and states. We observed the nuclei exhibiting fewer short-range chromatin interactions are correlated with an "older" transcriptomic signature and with Alzheimers pathology. Furthermore, the cell type exhibiting chromatin contacts between cis expression quantitative trait loci (cis eQTLs) and a promoter tends to be the cell type where these cis eQTLs specifically affect their target genes expression. Additionally, the female cortical cells exhibit highly heterogeneous interactions between the XIST non-coding RNA and Chromosome X, along with diverse spatial organizations of the X chromosomes. MUSIC presents a potent tool for exploring chromatin architecture and transcription at cellular resolution in complex tissues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Luo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richard, J. L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.28.546457</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Joint profiling of multiplex chromatin interactions, gene expression, and RNA-chromatin associations in single cells of the human brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.06.14.544990v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Discovery of Competent Chromatin Regions in Human Embryonic Stem Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.06.14.544990v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mechanisms underlying the ability of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to rapidly activate lineage-specific genes during differentiation remain largely unknown. Through multiple CRISPR-activation screens, we discovered human ESCs have pre-established transcriptionally competent chromatin regions (CCRs) that support lineage-specific gene expression at levels comparable to differentiated cells. CCRs reside in the same topological domains as their target genes. They lack typical enhancer-associated histone modifications but show enriched occupancy of pluripotent transcription factors, DNA demethylation factors, and histone deacetylases. TET1 and QSER1 protect CCRs from excessive DNA methylation, while HDAC1 family members prevent premature activation. This "push and pull" feature resembles bivalent domains at developmental gene promoters but involves distinct molecular mechanisms. Our study provides new insights into pluripotency regulation and cellular plasticity in development and disease.

One sentence summaryWe report a class of distal regulatory regions distinct from enhancers that confer human embryonic stem cells with the competence to rapidly activate the expression of lineage-specific genes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pulecio, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tayyebi, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Damodaran, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaplan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rickert, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shukla, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Apostolou, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leslie, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huangfu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.14.544990</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Discovery of Competent Chromatin Regions in Human Embryonic Stem Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.06.05.543769v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SPIDR: a highly multiplexed method for mapping RNA-protein interactions uncovers a potential mechanism for selective translational suppression upon cellular stress 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.06.05.543769v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RNA binding proteins (RBPs) play crucial roles in regulating every stage of the mRNA life cycle and mediating non-coding RNA functions. Despite their importance, the specific roles of most RBPs remain unexplored because we do not know what specific RNAs most RBPs bind. Current methods, such as crosslinking and immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (CLIP-seq), have expanded our knowledge of RBP-RNA interactions but are generally limited by their ability to map only one RBP at a time. To address this limitation, we developed SPIDR (Split and Pool Identification of RBP targets), a massively multiplexed method to simultaneously profile global RNA binding sites of dozens to hundreds of RBPs in a single experiment. SPIDR employs split-pool barcoding coupled with antibody-bead barcoding to increase the throughput of current CLIP methods by two orders of magnitude. SPIDR reliably identifies precise, single-nucleotide RNA binding sites for diverse classes of RBPs simultaneously. Using SPIDR, we explored changes in RBP binding upon mTOR inhibition and identified that 4EBP1 acts as a dynamic RBP that selectively binds to 5-untranslated regions of specific translationally repressed mRNAs only upon mTOR inhibition. This observation provides a potential mechanism to explain the specificity of translational regulation controlled by mTOR signaling. SPIDR has the potential to revolutionize our understanding of RNA biology and both transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene regulation by enabling rapid, de novo discovery of RNA-protein interactions at an unprecedented scale.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wolin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanco, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goronzy, I. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdou, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorhe, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guttman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jovanovic, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.05.543769</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SPIDR: a highly multiplexed method for mapping RNA-protein interactions uncovers a potential mechanism for selective translational suppression upon cellular stress]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.06.547955v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single cell susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection is driven by variable cell states 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.06.547955v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ability of a virus to infect a cell type is at least in part determined by the presence of host factors required for the viral life cycle. However, even within cell types that express known factors needed for infection, not every cell is equally susceptible, suggesting that our knowledge of the full spectrum of factors that promote infection is incomplete. Profiling the most susceptible subsets of cells within a population may reveal additional factors that promote infection. However, because viral infection dramatically alters the state of the cell, new approaches are needed to reveal the state of these cells prior to infection with virus. Here, we used single-cell clone tracing to retrospectively identify and characterize lung epithelial cells that are highly susceptible to infection with SARS-CoV-2. The transcriptional state of these highly susceptible cells includes markers of retinoic acid signaling and epithelial differentiation. Loss of candidate factors identified by our approach revealed that many of these factors play roles in viral entry. Moreover, a subset of these factors exert control over the infectable cell state itself, regulating the expression of key factors associated with viral infection and entry. Analysis of patient samples revealed the heterogeneous expression of these factors across both cells and patients in vivo. Further, the expression of these factors is upregulated in particular inflammatory pathologies. Altogether, our results show that the variable expression of intrinsic cell states is a major determinant of whether a cell can be infected by SARS-CoV-2.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Reffsin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayyanathan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunagin, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schultz, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cherry, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raj, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.06.547955</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single cell susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection is driven by variable cell states]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.20.549578v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Concurrent profiling of multiscale 3D genome organization and gene expression in single mammalian cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.20.549578v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The organization of mammalian genomes within the nucleus features a complex, multiscale three-dimensional (3D) architecture. The functional significance of these 3D genome features, however, remains largely elusive due to limited single-cell technologies that can concurrently profile genome organization and transcriptional activities. Here, we report GAGE-seq, a highly scalable, robust single-cell co-assay that simultaneously measures 3D genome structure and transcriptome within the same cell. Employing GAGE-seq on mouse brain cortex and human bone marrow CD34+ cells, we comprehensively characterized the intricate relationships between 3D genome and gene expression. We found that these multiscale 3D genome features collectively inform cell type-specific gene expressions, hence contributing to defining cell identity at the single-cell level. Integration of GAGE-seq data with spatial transcriptomic data revealed in situ variations of the 3D genome in mouse cortex. Moreover, our observations of lineage commitment in normal human hematopoiesis unveiled notable discordant changes between 3D genome organization and gene expression, underscoring a complex, temporal interplay at the single-cell level that is more nuanced than previously appreciated. Together, GAGE-seq provides a powerful, cost-effective approach for interrogating genome structure and gene expression relationships at the single-cell level across diverse biological contexts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doty, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munday, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abkowitz, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.20.549578</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Concurrent profiling of multiscale 3D genome organization and gene expression in single mammalian cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.23.550157v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A genome-wide single-cell 3D genome atlas of lung cancer progression 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.23.550157v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although three-dimensional (3D) genome structures are altered in cancer cells, little is known about how these changes evolve and diversify during cancer progression. Leveraging genome-wide chromatin tracing to visualize 3D genome folding directly in tissues, we generated 3D genome cancer atlases of murine lung and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Our data reveal stereotypical, non-monotonic, and stage-specific alterations in 3D genome folding heterogeneity, compaction, and compartmentalization as cancers progress from normal to preinvasive and ultimately to invasive tumors, discovering a potential structural bottleneck in early tumor progression. Remarkably, 3D genome architectures distinguish histologic cancer states in single cells, despite considerable cell-to-cell heterogeneity. Gene-level analyses of evolutionary changes in 3D genome compartmentalization not only showed compartment-associated genes are more homogeneously regulated, but also elucidated prognostic and dependency genes in lung adenocarcinoma and a previously unappreciated role for polycomb-group protein Rnf2 in 3D genome regulation. Our results demonstrate the utility of mapping the single-cell cancer 3D genome in tissues and illuminate its potential to identify new diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers in cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agabiti, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jensen, T. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Radda, J. S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruiz, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baldissera, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muzumdar, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.23.550157</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A genome-wide single-cell 3D genome atlas of lung cancer progression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.19.549714v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systematic mapping and modeling of 3D enhancer-promoter interactions in early mouse embryonic lineages reveal regulatory principles that determine the levels and cell-type specificity of gene expression 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.19.549714v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mammalian embryogenesis commences with two pivotal and binary cell fate decisions that give rise to three essential lineages, the trophectoderm (TE), the epiblast (EPI) and the primitive endoderm (PrE). Although key signaling pathways and transcription factors that control these early embryonic decisions have been identified, the non-coding regulatory elements via which transcriptional regulators enact these fates remain understudied. To address this gap, we have characterized, at a genome-wide scale, enhancer activity and 3D connectivity in embryo-derived stem cell lines that represent each of the early developmental fates. We observed extensive enhancer remodeling and fine-scale 3D chromatin rewiring among the three lineages, which strongly associate with transcriptional changes, although there are distinct groups of genes that are irresponsive to topological changes. In each lineage, a high degree of connectivity or "hubness" positively correlates with levels of gene expression and enriches for cell-type specific and essential genes. Genes within 3D hubs also show a significantly stronger probability of coregulation across lineages, compared to genes in linear proximity or within the same contact domains. By incorporating 3D chromatin features, we build a novel predictive model for transcriptional regulation (3D-HiChAT), which outperformed models that use only 1D promoter or proximal variables in predicting levels and cell-type specificity of gene expression. Using 3D-HiChAT, we performed genome-wide in silico perturbations to nominate candidate functional enhancers and hubs in each cell lineage, and with CRISPRi experiments we validated several novel enhancers that control expression of one or more genes in their respective lineages. Our study comprehensively identifies 3D regulatory hubs associated with the earliest mammalian lineages and describes their relationship to gene expression and cell identity, providing a framework to understand lineage-specific transcriptional behaviors.

HIGHLIGHTS- Cell lines representing early embryonic lineages undergo drastic enhancer remodeling and fine-scale 3D chromatin reorganization
- Highly interacting 3D hubs strongly enrich for highly expressed, cell-type specific and essential genes
- 3D chromatin features greatly improve prediction of cell-type specific gene expression compared to 1D promoter features
- In silico and experimental perturbations identify novel enhancers regulating the expression of two or more genes in early embryonic lineages
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Murphy, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salataj, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Giammartino, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez-Hernaez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kloetgen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garg, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Char, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uyehara, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ee, L.-s.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stadtfeld, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hadjantonakis, A.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsirigos, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polyzos, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Apostolou, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.19.549714</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systematic mapping and modeling of 3D enhancer-promoter interactions in early mouse embryonic lineages reveal regulatory principles that determine the levels and cell-type specificity of gene expression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.12.548736v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High throughput PRIME editing screens identify functional DNA variants in the human genome 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.12.548736v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite tremendous progress in detecting DNA variants associated with human disease, interpreting their functional impact in a high-throughput and base-pair resolution manner remains challenging. Here, we develop a novel pooled prime editing screen method, PRIME, which can be applied to characterize thousands of coding and non-coding variants in a single experiment with high reproducibility. To showcase its applications, we first identified essential nucleotides for a 716 bp MYC enhancer via PRIME-mediated saturation mutagenesis. Next, we applied PRIME to functionally characterize 1,304 non-coding variants associated with breast cancer and 3,699 variants from ClinVar. We discovered that 103 non-coding variants and 156 variants of uncertain significance are functional via affecting cell fitness. Collectively, we demonstrate PRIME capable of characterizing genetic variants at base-pair resolution and scale, advancing accurate genome annotation for disease risk prediction, diagnosis, and therapeutic target identification.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ren, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nierenberg, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beaman, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nobuhara, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takagi, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narayan, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ziv, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.12.548736</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High throughput PRIME editing screens identify functional DNA variants in the human genome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.27.550836v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ChromaFold predicts the 3D contact map from single-cell chromatin accessibility 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.27.550836v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The identification of cell-type-specific 3D chromatin interactions between regulatory elements can help to decipher gene regulation and to interpret the function of disease-associated non-coding variants. However, current chromosome conformation capture (3C) technologies are unable to resolve interactions at this resolution when only small numbers of cells are available as input. We therefore present ChromaFold, a deep learning model that predicts 3D contact maps and regulatory interactions from single-cell ATAC sequencing (scATAC-seq) data alone. ChromaFold uses pseudobulk chromatin accessibility, co-accessibility profiles across metacells, and predicted CTCF motif tracks as input features and employs a lightweight architecture to enable training on standard GPUs. Once trained on paired scATAC-seq and Hi-C data in human cell lines and tissues, ChromaFold can accurately predict both the 3D contact map and peak-level interactions across diverse human and mouse test cell types. In benchmarking against a recent deep learning method that uses bulk ATAC-seq, DNA sequence, and CTCF ChIP-seq to make cell-type-specific predictions, ChromaFold yields superior prediction performance when including CTCF ChIP-seq data as an input and comparable performance without. Finally, fine-tuning ChromaFold on paired scATAC-seq and Hi-C in a complex tissue enables deconvolution of chromatin interactions across cell subpopulations. ChromaFold thus achieves state-of-the-art prediction of 3D contact maps and regulatory interactions using scATAC-seq alone as input data, enabling accurate inference of cell-type-specific interactions in settings where 3C-based assays are infeasible.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gao, V. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McNally, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karagiannidis, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivas, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.-m.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barisic, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karbalayghareh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chin, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noble, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bilmes, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Apostolou, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kharas, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beguelin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Viny, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huangfu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rudensky, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melnick, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leslie, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.27.550836</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ChromaFold predicts the 3D contact map from single-cell chromatin accessibility]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.27.550709v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiscale modelling of chromatin 4D organization in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.27.550709v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 is able to re-structure chromatin organization and alters the epigenomic landscape of the host genome, though the mechanisms that produce such changes are still poorly understood. Here, we investigate with polymer physics chromatin re-organization of the host genome, in space and time upon SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. We show that re-structuring of A/B compartments is well explained by a re-modulation of intra-compartment homotypic affinities, which leads to the weakening of A-A interactions and enhances A-B mixing. At TAD level, re-arrangements are physically described by a general reduction of the loop extrusion activity coupled with an alteration of chromatin phase-separation properties, resulting in more intermingling between different TADs and spread in space of TADs themselves. In addition, the architecture of loci relevant to the antiviral interferon (IFN) response, such as DDX58 or IFIT, results more variable within the 3D single-molecule population of the infected model, suggesting that viral infection leads to a loss of chromatin structural specificity. Analysis of time trajectories of pairwise gene-enhancer and higher-order contacts reveals that such variability derives from a more fluctuating dynamics in infected case, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 alters gene regulation by impacting the stability of the contact network in time.

Overall, our study provides the first polymer-physics based 4D reconstruction of SARS-CoV-2 infected genome with mechanistic insights on the consequent gene mis-regulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chiariello, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abraham, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bianco, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esposito, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vercellone, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conte, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fontana, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicodemi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.27.550709</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiscale modelling of chromatin 4D organization in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.08.30.555359v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional characterization of gene regulatory elements and neuropsychiatric disease-associated risk loci in iPSCs and iPSC-derived neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.08.30.555359v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified thousands of non-coding variants that contribute to psychiatric disease risks, likely by perturbing cis-regulatory elements (CREs). However, our ability to interpret and explore their mechanisms of action is hampered by a lack of annotation of functional CREs (fCREs) in neural cell types. Here, through genome-scale CRISPR screens of 22,000 candidate CREs (cCREs) in human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) undergoing differentiation to excitatory neurons, we identify 2,847 and 5,540 fCREs essential for iPSC fitness and neuronal differentiation, respectively. These fCREs display dynamic epigenomic features and exhibit increased numbers and genomic spans of chromatin interactions following terminal neuronal differentiation. Furthermore, fCREs essential for neuronal differentiation show significantly greater enrichment of genetic heritability for neurodevelopmental diseases including schizophrenia (SCZ), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) than cCREs. Using high-throughput prime editing screens we experimentally confirm 45 SCZ risk variants that act by affecting the function of fCREs. The extensive and in-depth functional annotation of cCREs in neuronal types therefore provides a crucial resource for interpreting non-coding risk variants of neuropsychiatric disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, I. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beaman, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.30.555359</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional characterization of gene regulatory elements and neuropsychiatric disease-associated risk loci in iPSCs and iPSC-derived neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.19.549737v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mega-Enhancer Bodies Organize Neuronal Long Genes in the Cerebellum 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.19.549737v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Exceptionally long genes and cis-regulatory enhancers are selectively activated in mammalian brain neurons, and these loci are mutation hotspots in neurological disorders. However, the organization of these large genomic elements at the level of chromosome folding, beyond local enhancer-promoter interactions, remains poorly understood. Here, we report the discovery of a nuclear subcompartment in the mouse cerebellum formed by near-megabase long enhancers and their associated long genes encoding synaptic or signaling proteins. Genomic regions within this subcompartment reside in the outer-half of the nucleus, separated from other transcriptionally active structures. Using an in vivo CRISPR genetic mini-screen, we uncover a specific role for the transcription factor Etv1 in coupling the compartmentalization of neuronal long genes with their expression. Together, our study defines mechanisms that organize transcriptionally active genes across chromosomes in the mammalian brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parra, O. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muscella, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alber, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scrutton-Alvarado, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muscella, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamada, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.19.549737</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mega-Enhancer Bodies Organize Neuronal Long Genes in the Cerebellum]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.10.13.562147v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The H3.3 K36M oncohistone disrupts the establishment of epigenetic memory through loss of DNA methylation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.10.13.562147v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Histone H3.3 is frequently mutated in cancers, with the lysine 36 to methionine mutation (K36M) being a hallmark of chondroblastomas. While it is known that H3.3K36M changes the cellular epigenetic landscape, it remains unclear how it affects the dynamics of gene expression. Here, we use a synthetic reporter to measure the effect of H3.3K36M on silencing and epigenetic memory after recruitment of KRAB: a member of the largest class of human repressors, commonly used in synthetic biology, and associated with H3K9me3. We find that H3.3K36M, which decreases H3K36 methylation, leads to a decrease in epigenetic memory and promoter methylation weeks after KRAB release. We propose a new model for establishment and maintenance of epigenetic memory, where H3K36 methylation is necessary to convert H3K9me3 domains into DNA methylation for stable epigenetic memory. Our quantitative model can inform oncogenic mechanisms and guide development of epigenetic editing tools.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sinha, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nickels, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thurm, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ludwig, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Archibald, B. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hinks, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bintu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.13.562147</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The H3.3 K36M oncohistone disrupts the establishment of epigenetic memory through loss of DNA methylation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.10.03.560616v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell chromatin state transitions during epigenetic memory formation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.10.03.560616v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Repressive chromatin modifications are thought to compact chromatin to silence transcription. However, it is unclear how chromatin structure changes during silencing and epigenetic memory formation. We measured gene expression and chromatin structure in single cells after recruitment and release of repressors at a reporter gene. Chromatin structure is heterogeneous, with open and compact conformations present in both active and silent states. Recruitment of repressors associated with epigenetic memory produces chromatin compaction across 10-20 kilobases, while reversible silencing does not cause compaction at this scale. Chromatin compaction is inherited, but changes molecularly over time from histone methylation (H3K9me3) to DNA methylation. The level of compaction at the end of silencing quantitatively predicts epigenetic memory weeks later. Similarly, chromatin compaction at the Nanog locus predicts the degree of stem-cell fate commitment. These findings suggest that the chromatin state across tens of kilobases, beyond the gene itself, is important for epigenetic memory formation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fujimori, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rios-Martinez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thurm, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hinks, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doughty, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sinha, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hafner, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenleaf, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boettiger, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bintu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.03.560616</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell chromatin state transitions during epigenetic memory formation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.10.22.563498v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exploring the Roles of RNAs in Chromatin Architecture Using Deep Learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.10.22.563498v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent studies have highlighted the impact of both transcription and transcripts on 3D genome organization, particularly its dynamics. Here, we propose a deep learning framework, called AkitaR, that leverages both genome sequences and genome-wide RNA-DNA interactions to investigate the roles of chromatin-associated RNAs (caRNAs) on genome folding in HFFc6 cells. In order to disentangle the cis- and trans-regulatory roles of caRNAs, we compared models with nascent transcripts, trans-located caRNAs, open chromatin data, or DNA sequence alone. Both nascent transcripts and trans-located caRNAs improved the models predictions, especially at cell-type-specific genomic regions. Analyses of feature importance scores revealed the contribution of caRNAs at TAD boundaries, chromatin loops and nuclear sub-structures such as nuclear speckles and nucleoli to the models predictions. Furthermore, we identified non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) known to regulate chromatin structures, such as MALAT1 and NEAT1, as well as several novel RNAs, RNY5, RPPH1, POLG-DT and THBS1-IT, that might modulate chromatin architecture through trans-interactions in HFFc6. Our modeling also suggests that transcripts from Alus and other repetitive elements may facilitate chromatin interactions through trans R-loop formation. Our findings provide new insights and generate testable hypotheses about the roles of caRNAs in shaping chromatin organization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kuang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pollard, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.22.563498</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exploring the Roles of RNAs in Chromatin Architecture Using Deep Learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.09.27.559406v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HybriSeq: Probe-based Device-free Single-cell RNA Profiling 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.09.27.559406v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We have developed the HybriSeq method for single-cell RNA profiling, which utilizes in situ hybridization of multiple probes for targeted transcripts, followed by split-pool barcoding and sequencing analysis of the probes. We have shown that HybriSeq can achieve high sensitivity for RNA detection with multiple probes and profile entire transcripts without an end bias. The utility of HybriSeq is demonstrated in characterizing cell-to-cell heterogeneities of a panel of 196 genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the detection of missed annotations of transcripts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Foyt, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.27.559406</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HybriSeq: Probe-based Device-free Single-cell RNA Profiling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.10.29.564613v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nucleolus and centromere TSA-Seq reveals variable localization of heterochromatin in different cell types 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.10.29.564613v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome differential positioning within interphase nuclei remains poorly explored. We extended and validated TSA-seq to map genomic regions near nucleoli and pericentric heterochromatin in four human cell lines. Our study confirmed that smaller chromosomes localize closer to nucleoli but further deconvolved this by revealing a preference for chromosome arms below 36-46 Mbp in length. We identified two lamina associated domain subsets through their differential nuclear lamina versus nucleolar positioning in different cell lines which showed distinctive patterns of DNA replication timing and gene expression across all cell lines. Unexpectedly, active, nuclear speckle-associated genomic regions were found near typically repressive nuclear compartments, which is attributable to the close proximity of nuclear speckles and nucleoli in some cell types, and association of centromeres with nuclear speckles in hESCs. Our study points to a more complex and variable nuclear genome organization than suggested by current models, as revealed by our TSA-seq methodology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kumar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gholamalamdari, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vertii, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Schaik, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peric-Hupkes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sasaki, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Steensel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufman, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belmont, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.29.564613</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nucleolus and centromere TSA-Seq reveals variable localization of heterochromatin in different cell types]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.11.03.565556v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SuPreMo: a computational tool for streamlining in silico perturbation using sequence-based predictive models 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.11.03.565556v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Computationally editing genome sequences is a common bioinformatics task, but current approaches have limitations, such as incompatibility with structural variants, challenges in identifying responsible sequence perturbations, and the need for vcf file inputs and phased data. To address these bottlenecks, we present Sequence Mutator for Predictive Models (SuPreMo), a scalable and comprehensive tool for performing in silico mutagenesis. We then demonstrate how pairs of reference and perturbed sequences can be used with machine learning models to prioritize pathogenic variants or discover new functional sequences.

Availability and ImplementationSuPreMo was written in Python, and can be run using only one line of code to generate both sequences and 3D genome disruption scores. The codebase, instructions for installation and use, and tutorials are on the Github page: https://github.com/ketringjoni/SuPreMo/tree/main.

Contactkatherine.pollard@gladstone.ucsf.edu

Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gjoni, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pollard, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.03.565556</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SuPreMo: a computational tool for streamlining in silico perturbation using sequence-based predictive models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.11.22.568268v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ChromaFactor: deconvolution of single-molecule chromatin organization with non-negative matrix factorization 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.11.22.568268v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The investigation of chromatin organization in single cells holds great promise for identifying causal relationships between genome structure and function. However, analysis of single-molecule data is hampered by extreme yet inherent heterogeneity, making it challenging to determine the contributions of individual chromatin fibers to bulk trends. To address this challenge, we propose ChromaFactor, a novel computational approach based on non-negative matrix factorization that deconvolves single-molecule chromatin organization datasets into their most salient primary components. ChromaFactor provides the ability to identify trends accounting for the maximum variance in the dataset while simultaneously describing the contribution of individual molecules to each component. Applying our approach to two single-molecule imaging datasets across different genomic scales, we find that these primary components demonstrate significant correlation with key functional phenotypes, including active transcription, enhancer-promoter distance, and genomic compartment. ChromaFactor offers a robust tool for understanding the complex interplay between chromatin structure and function on individual DNA molecules, pinpointing which subpopulations drive functional changes and fostering new insights into cellular heterogeneity and its implications for bulk genomic phenomena.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gunsalus, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keiser, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pollard, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.22.568268</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ChromaFactor: deconvolution of single-molecule chromatin organization with non-negative matrix factorization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.11.09.566494v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome folding principles revealed in condensin-depleted mitotic chromosomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.11.09.566494v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During mitosis, condensin activity interferes with interphase chromatin structures. Here, we generated condensin-free mitotic chromosomes to investigate genome folding principles. Co- depletion of condensin I and II, but neither alone, triggered mitotic chromosome compartmentalization in ways that differ from interphase. Two distinct euchromatic compartments, indistinguishable in interphase, rapidly emerged upon condensin loss with different interaction preferences and dependence on H3K27ac. Constitutive heterochromatin gradually self-aggregated and co-compartmentalized with the facultative heterochromatin, contrasting with their separation during interphase. While topologically associating domains (TADs) and CTCF/cohesin mediated structural loops remained undetectable, cis-regulatory element contacts became apparent, providing an explanation for their quick re-establishment during mitotic exit. HP1 proteins, which are thought to partition constitutive heterochromatin, were absent from mitotic chromosomes, suggesting, surprisingly, that constitutive heterochromatin can self-aggregate without HP1. Indeed, in cells traversing from M- to G1-phase in the combined absence of HP1, HP1{Pi} and HP1{gamma}, re-established constitutive heterochromatin compartments normally. In sum, "clean-slate" condensin-deficient mitotic chromosomes illuminate mechanisms of genome compartmentalization not revealed in interphase cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jing, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shan, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lam, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Midla, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giardine, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keller, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hardison, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blobel, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.09.566494</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome folding principles revealed in condensin-depleted mitotic chromosomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.11.07.566110v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nanoscale cellular organization of viral RNA and proteins in SARS-CoV-2 replication organelles 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.11.07.566110v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The SARS-CoV-2 viral infection transforms host cells and produces special organelles in many ways, and we focus on the replication organelle where the replication of viral genomic RNA (vgRNA) occurs. To date, the precise cellular localization of key RNA molecules and replication intermediates has been elusive in electron microscopy studies. We use super-resolution fluorescence microscopy and specific labeling to reveal the nanoscopic organization of replication organelles that contain vgRNA clusters along with viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) clusters and the replication enzyme, encapsulated by membranes derived from the host endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We show that the replication organelles are organized differently at early and late stages of infection. Surprisingly, vgRNA accumulates into distinct globular clusters in the cytoplasmic perinuclear region, which grow and accommodate more vgRNA molecules as infection time increases. The localization of ER labels and nsp3 (a component of the double-membrane vesicle, DMV) at the periphery of the vgRNA clusters suggests that replication organelles are enclosed by DMVs at early infection stages which then merge into vesicle packets as infection progresses. Precise co-imaging of the nanoscale cellular organization of vgRNA, dsRNA, and viral proteins in replication organelles of SARS-CoV-2 may inform therapeutic approaches that target viral replication and associated processes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Andronov, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barentine, A. E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garhyan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moerner, W. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.07.566110</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nanoscale cellular organization of viral RNA and proteins in SARS-CoV-2 replication organelles]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.12.14.571730v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ChIP-DIP: A multiplexed method for mapping hundreds of proteins to DNA uncovers diverse regulatory elements controlling gene expression 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.12.14.571730v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene expression is controlled by the dynamic localization of thousands of distinct regulatory proteins to precise regions of DNA. Understanding this cell-type specific process has been a goal of molecular biology for decades yet remains challenging because most current DNA-protein mapping methods study one protein at a time. To overcome this, we developed ChIP-DIP (ChIP Done In Parallel), a split-pool based method that enables simultaneous, genome-wide mapping of hundreds of diverse regulatory proteins in a single experiment. We demonstrate that ChIP-DIP generates highly accurate maps for all classes of DNA-associated proteins, including histone modifications, chromatin regulators, transcription factors, and RNA Polymerases. Using these data, we explore quantitative combinations of protein localization on genomic DNA to define distinct classes of regulatory elements and their functional activity. Our data demonstrate that ChIP-DIP enables the generation of  consortium level, context-specific protein localization maps within any molecular biology lab.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Perez, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goronzy, I. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanco, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guttman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.14.571730</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ChIP-DIP: A multiplexed method for mapping hundreds of proteins to DNA uncovers diverse regulatory elements controlling gene expression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.12.08.570828v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Electrostatic encoding of genome organization principles within single native nucleosomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.12.08.570828v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The eukaryotic genome, first packed into nucleosomes of about 150 bp around the histone core, is organized into euchromatin and heterochromatin, corresponding to the A and B compartments, respectively. Here, we asked if individual nucleosomes in vivo know where to go. That is, do mono-nucleosomes by themselves contain A/B compartment information, associated with transcription activity, in their biophysical properties? We purified native mono-nucleosomes to high monodispersity and used physiological concentrations of biological polyamines to determine their condensability. The chromosomal regions known to partition into A compartments have low condensability and vice versa. In silico chromatin polymer simulations using condensability as the only input showed that biophysical information needed to form compartments is all contained in single native nucleosomes and no other factors are needed. Condensability is also strongly anticorrelated with gene expression, and especially so near the promoter region and in a cell type dependent manner. Therefore, individual nucleosomes in the promoter know whether the gene is on or off, and that information is contained in their biophysical properties. Comparison with genetic and epigenetic features suggest that nucleosome condensability is a very meaningful axis onto which to project the high dimensional cellular chromatin state. Analysis of condensability using various condensing agents including those that are protein-based suggests that genome organization principle encoded into individual nucleosomes is electrostatic in nature. Polyamine depletion in mouse T cells, by either knocking out ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) or inhibiting ODC, results in hyperpolarized condensability, suggesting that when cells cannot rely on polyamines to translate biophysical properties of nucleosomes to control gene expression and 3D genome organization, they accentuate condensability contrast, which may explain dysfunction known to occur with polyamine deficiency.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Park, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Athreya, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carrizo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benning, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchener, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhanu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muir, T. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pearce, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ha, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.08.570828</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Electrostatic encoding of genome organization principles within single native nucleosomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.12.04.569731v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell type-specific loops linked to RNA polymerase II elongation in human neural differentiation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.12.04.569731v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
DNA is folded into higher-order structures that shape and are shaped by genome function. The role for long-range loops in the establishment of new gene expression patterns during cell fate transitions remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the link between cell-specific loops and RNA polymerase II (RNAPolII) during neural lineage commitment. We find thousands of loops decommissioned or gained de novo upon differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to neural progenitors (NPCs) and post-mitotic neurons. During hiPSC-to-NPC and NPC-to-neuron transitions, genes changing from RNAPolII initiation to elongation are >4-fold more likely to anchor cell-specific loops than repressed genes. Elongated genes exhibit significant mRNA upregulation when connected in cell-specific promoter-enhancer loops but not invariant promoter-enhancer loops, promoter-promoter loops, or unlooped. Genes transitioning from repression to RNAPolII initiation exhibit slight mRNA increase independent of loop status. Our data link cell-specific loops and robust RNAPolII-mediated elongation during neural cell fate transitions.

HighlightsO_LIThousands of loops are decommissioned and gained upon human iPSC differentiation to NPCs/neurons
C_LIO_LIGenes transitioning from initiated-to-elongated exhibit robust mRNA upregulation when connected in cell type-specific promoter-enhancer loops
C_LIO_LIGenes transitioning from repressed-to-initiated exhibit slight increases in mRNA levels independent of loop status
C_LIO_LIUpon short-term RNAPolII degradation, loops formed by elongated genes are more severely disrupted than those anchoring initiated genes
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Titus, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simandi, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandrashekar, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paquet, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillips-Cremins, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.04.569731</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell type-specific loops linked to RNA polymerase II elongation in human neural differentiation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.12.22.573104v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Machine learning reveals the diversity of human 3D chromatin contact patterns 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.12.22.573104v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding variation in chromatin contact patterns across human populations is critical for interpreting non-coding variants and their ultimate effects on gene expression and phenotypes. However, experimental determination of chromatin contacts at a population-scale is prohibitively expensive. To overcome this challenge, we develop and validate a machine learning method to quantify the diversity 3D chromatin contacts at 2 kilobase resolution from genome sequence alone. We then apply this approach to thousands of diverse modern humans and the inferred human-archaic hominin ancestral genome. While patterns of 3D contact divergence genome-wide are qualitatively similar to patterns of sequence divergence, we find that 3D divergence in local 1-megabase genomic windows does not follow sequence divergence. In particular, we identify 392 windows with significantly greater 3D divergence than expected from sequence. Moreover, 26% of genomic windows have rare 3D contact variation observed in a small number of individuals. Using in silico mutagenesis we find that most sequence changes to do not result in changes to 3D chromatin contacts. However in windows with substantial 3D divergence, just one or a few variants can lead to divergent 3D chromatin contacts without the individuals carrying those variants having high sequence divergence. In summary, inferring 3D chromatin contact maps across human populations reveals diverse contact patterns. We anticipate that these genetically diverse maps of 3D chromatin contact will provide a reference for future work on the function and evolution of 3D chromatin contact variation across human populations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gilbertson, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brand, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McArthur, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rinker, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pollard, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Capra, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.22.573104</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Machine learning reveals the diversity of human 3D chromatin contact patterns]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.12.04.569983v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Understanding how genetically encoded tags affect phase separation by Heterochromatin Protein HP1α 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.12.04.569983v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is driven by weak multi-valent interactions. Such interactions can result in the formation of puncta in cells and droplets in vitro. The heterochromatin protein HP1 forms droplets with chromatin in vitro and is found in puncta in cells. A common approach to visualize the dynamics of HP1 in cells is to genetically encode fluorescent tags on the protein. HP1 modified with tags such as GFP has been shown to localize to dynamic puncta in vivo. However, whether tagged HP1 retains its intrinsic phase separation properties has not been systematically studied. Here, using different C-terminal tags (AID-sfGFP, mEGFP, and UnaG), we assessed how tag size and linker length affected the phase separation ability of HP1 with DNA in vitro. We found that the AID-sfGFP tag (52 kDa) promoted HP1 phase-separation, possibly driven by the highly disordered AID degron. The mEGFP tag (27 kDa) inhibited phase-separation by HP1, whereas an UnaG tag (13 kDa) with a 16 amino acid linker showed minimal perturbation. The UnaG tag can thus be used in cellular studies of HP1 to better correlate in vitro and in vivo studies. To test if cellular crowding overcomes the negative effects of large tags in vivo, we used polyethylene glycol (PEG) to mimic crowding in vitro. We found that addition of 10% PEG8000 or PEG4000 enables phase separation by GFP-tagged HP1 at comparable concentrations as untagged HP1. However, these crowding agents also substantially dampened the differences in phase-separation between wild-type and mutant HP1 proteins. PEG further drove phase-separation of Maltose Binding Protein (MBP), a tag often used to solubilize other proteins. These results suggest that phase-separation of biological macromolecules with PEG should be interpreted with caution as PEG-based crowding agents may change the types of interactions made within the phases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narlikar, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.04.569983</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Understanding how genetically encoded tags affect phase separation by Heterochromatin Protein HP1α]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.01.16.575860v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rapid and reversible dissolution of biomolecular condensates using light-controlled recruitment of a solubility tag 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.01.16.575860v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biomolecular condensates are broadly implicated in both normal cellular regulation and disease. Consequently, several chemical biology and optogenetic approaches have been developed to induce phase separation of a protein of interest. However, few tools are available to perform the converse function--dissolving a condensate of interest on demand. Such a tool would aid in testing whether the condensate plays specific functional roles, a major question in cell biology and drug development. Here we report an optogenetic approach to selectively dissolve a condensate of interest in a reversible and spatially controlled manner. We show that light-gated recruitment of maltose-binding protein (MBP), a commonly used solubilizing domain in protein purification, results in rapid and controlled dissolution of condensates formed from proteins of interest. Our optogenetic MBP-based dissolution strategy (OptoMBP) is rapid, reversible, and can be spatially controlled with subcellular precision. We also provide a proof-of-principle application of OptoMBP, showing that disrupting condensation of the oncogenic fusion protein FUS-CHOP results in reversion of FUS-CHOP driven transcriptional changes. We envision that the OptoMBP system could be broadly useful for disrupting constitutive protein condensates to probe their biological functions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brumbaugh-Reed, E. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aoki, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toettcher, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-01-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.01.16.575860</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rapid and reversible dissolution of biomolecular condensates using light-controlled recruitment of a solubility tag]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-01-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.11.03.565575v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pseudotime analysis for time-series single-cell sequencing and imaging data 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.11.03.565575v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many single-cell RNA-sequencing studies have collected time-series data to investigate transcriptional changes concerning various notions of biological time, such as cell differentiation, embryonic development, and response to stimulus. Accordingly, several unsupervised and supervised computational methods have been developed to construct single-cell pseudotime embeddings for extracting the temporal order of transcriptional cell states from these time-series scRNA-seq datasets. However, existing methods, such as psupertime, suffer from low predictive accuracy, and this problem becomes even worse when we try to generalize to other data types such as scATAC-seq or microscopy images. To address this problem, we propose Sceptic, a support vector machine model for supervised pseudotime analysis. Whereas psupertime employs a single joint regression model, Sceptic simultaneously trains multiple classifiers with separate score functions for each time point and also allows for non-linear kernel functions. Sceptic first generates a probability vector for each cell and then aims to predict chronological age via conditional expectation. We demonstrate that Sceptic achieves significantly improved prediction power (accuracy improved by 1.4 - 38.9%) for six publicly available scRNA-seq data sets over state-of-the-art methods, and that Sceptic also works well for single-nucleus image data. Moreover, we observe that the pseudotimes assigned by Sceptic show stronger correlations with nuclear morphology than the observed times, suggesting that these pseudotimes accurately capture the heterogeneity of nuclei derived from a single time point and thus provide more informative time labels than the observed times. Finally, we show that Sceptic accurately captures sex-specific differentiation timing from both scATAC-seq and scRNA-seq data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pendyala, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Disteche, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vert, J.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fowler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noble, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.03.565575</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pseudotime analysis for time-series single-cell sequencing and imaging data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.01.31.578123v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Piscis: a novel loss estimator of the F1 score enables accurate spot detection in fluorescence microscopy images via deep learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.01.31.578123v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-molecule RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (RNA FISH)-based spatial transcriptomics methods have enabled the accurate quantification of gene expression at single-cell resolution by visualizing transcripts as diffraction-limited spots. While these methods generally scale to large samples, image analysis remains challenging, often requiring manual parameter tuning. We present Piscis, a fully automatic deep learning algorithm for spot detection trained using a novel loss function, the SmoothF1 loss, that approximates the F1 score to directly penalize false positives and false negatives but remains differentiable and hence usable for training by deep learning approaches. Piscis was trained and tested on a diverse dataset composed of 358 manually annotated experimental RNA FISH images representing multiple cell types and 240 additional synthetic images. Piscis outperforms other state-of-the-art spot detection methods, enabling accurate, high-throughput analysis of RNA FISH-derived imaging data without the need for manual parameter tuning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Niu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Farrell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reffsin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dardani, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goyal, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raj, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-01-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.01.31.578123</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Piscis: a novel loss estimator of the F1 score enables accurate spot detection in fluorescence microscopy images via deep learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-01-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.02.27.582395v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A multi-looping chromatin signature predicts dysregulated gene expression in neurons with familial Alzheimer's disease mutations 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.02.27.582395v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mammalian genomes fold into tens of thousands of long-range loops, but their functional role and physiologic relevance remain poorly understood. Here, using human post-mitotic neurons with rare familial Alzheimers disease (FAD) mutations, we identify hundreds of reproducibly dysregulated genes and thousands of miswired loops prior to amyloid accumulation and tau phosphorylation. Single loops do not predict expression changes; however, the severity and direction of change in mRNA levels and single-cell burst frequency strongly correlate with the number of FAD-gained or -lost promoter-enhancer loops. Classic architectural proteins CTCF and cohesin do not change occupancy in FAD-mutant neurons. Instead, we unexpectedly find TAATTA motifs amenable to binding by DLX homeodomain transcription factors and changing noncoding RNAPolII signal at FAD-dynamic promoter-enhancer loops. DLX1/5/6 mRNA levels are strongly upregulated in FAD-mutant neurons coincident with a shift in excitatory-to-inhibitory gene expression and miswiring of multi-loops connecting enhancers to neural subtype genes. DLX1 overexpression is sufficient for loop miswiring in wildtype neurons, including lost and gained loops at enhancers with tandem TAATTA arrays and singular TAATTA motifs, respectively. Our data uncover a genome structure-function relationship between multi-loop miswiring and dysregulated excitatory and inhibitory transcriptional programs during lineage commitment of human neurons homozygously-engineered with rare FAD mutations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chandrashekar, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simandi, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryu, H.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waldman, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nikish, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muppidi, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paquet, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillips-Cremins, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.27.582395</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A multi-looping chromatin signature predicts dysregulated gene expression in neurons with familial Alzheimer's disease mutations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.02.01.578389v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HiCDiffusion - diffusion-enhanced, transformer-based prediction of chromatin interactions from DNA sequences 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.02.01.578389v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Prediction of chromatin interactions from DNA sequence has been a significant research challenge in the last couple of years. Several solutions have been proposed, most of which are based on encoder-decoder architecture, where 1D sequence is convoluted, encoded into the latent representation, and then decoded using 2D convolutions into the Hi-C pairwise chromatin spatial proximity matrix. Those methods, while obtaining high correlation scores and improved metrics, produce Hi-C matrices that are artificial - they are blurred due to the deep learning model architecture. In our study, we propose the HiCDiffusion model that addresses this problem. We first train the encoder-decoder neural network and then use it as a component of the diffusion model - where we guide the diffusion using a latent representation of the sequence, as well as the final output from the encoder-decoder. That way, we obtain the high-resolution Hi-C matrices that not only better resemble the experimental results - improving the Frechet inception distance by an average of 12 times, with the highest improvement of 35 times - but also obtain similar classic metrics to current state-of-the-art encoder-decoder architectures used for the task.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chilinski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plewczynski, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.01.578389</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HiCDiffusion - diffusion-enhanced, transformer-based prediction of chromatin interactions from DNA sequences]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.01.10.574968v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
LoopSage: An Energy-Based Monte Carlo approach for the Loop Extrusion Modelling of Chromatin 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.01.10.574968v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The connection between the patterns observed in 3C-type experiments and the modeling of polymers remains unresolved. This paper presents a simulation pipeline that generates thermodynamic ensembles of 3D structures for topologically associated domain (TAD) regions by loop extrusion model (LEM). The simulations consist of two main components: a stochastic simulation phase, employing a Monte Carlo approach to simulate the binding positions of cohesins, and a dynamical simulation phase, utilizing these cohesins positions to create 3D structures. In this approach, the systems total energy is the combined result of the Monte Carlo energy and the molecular simulation energy, which are iteratively updated. The structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) protein complexes are represented as loop extruders, while the CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) locations on DNA sequence are modeled as energy minima on the Monte Carlo energy landscape. Finally, the spatial distances between DNA segments from ChIA-PET experiments are compared with the computer simulations, and we observe significant Pearson correlations between predictions and the real data. LoopSage model offers a fresh perspective on chromatin loop dynamics, allowing us to observe phase transition between sparse and condensed states in chromatin.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Korsak, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plewczynski, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-01-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.01.10.574968</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[LoopSage: An Energy-Based Monte Carlo approach for the Loop Extrusion Modelling of Chromatin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-01-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.02.05.576943v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cryosectioning-enabled super-resolution microscopy for studying nuclear architecture at the single protein level 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.02.05.576943v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
DNA-PAINT enables nanoscale imaging with virtually unlimited multiplexing and molecular counting. Here, we address challenges, such as variable imaging performance and target accessibility, that can limit its broader applicability. Specifically, we enhance its capacity for robust single-protein imaging and molecular counting by optimizing the integration of TIRF microscopy with physical sectioning, in particular, Tokuyasu cryosectioning. Our method, tomographic & kinetically enhanced DNA-PAINT (tkPAINT), achieves 3 nm localization precision across diverse samples, enhanced imager binding, and improved cellular integrity. tkPAINT can facilitate molecular counting with DNA-PAINT inside the nucleus, as demonstrated through its quantification of the in situ abundance of RNA Polymerase II in both HeLa cells as well as mouse tissues. Anticipating that tkPAINT could become a versatile tool for the exploration of biomolecular organization and interactions across cells and tissues, we also demonstrate its capacity to support multiplexing, multimodal targeting of proteins and nucleic acids, and 3D imaging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stein, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ericsson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nofal, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magni, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aufmkolk, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMillan, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breimann, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herlihy, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willemin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wohlmann, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arguedas-Jimenez, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pombo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Church, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.-t.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.05.576943</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cryosectioning-enabled super-resolution microscopy for studying nuclear architecture at the single protein level]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.02.10.579769v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Induction and in silico staging of human gastruloids with neural tube, segmented somites & advanced cell types 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.02.10.579769v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Embryonic organoids are emerging as powerful models for studying early mammalian development. For example, stem cell-derived  gastruloids form elongating structures containing all three germ layers1-4. However, although elongated, human gastruloids do not morphologically resemble post-implantation embryos. Here we show that a specific, discontinuous regimen of retinoic acid (RA) robustly induces human gastruloids with embryo-like morphological structures, including a neural tube and segmented somites. Single cell RNA-seq (sc-RNA-seq) further reveals that these human  RA-gastruloids contain more advanced cell types than conventional gastruloids, including neural crest cells, renal progenitor cells, skeletal muscle cells, and, rarely, neural progenitor cells. We apply a new approach to computationally stage human RA-gastruloids relative to somite-resolved mouse embryos, early human embryos and other gastruloid models, and find that the developmental stage of human RA-gastruloids is comparable to that of E9.5 mouse embryos, although some cell types show greater or lesser progression. We chemically perturb WNT and BMP signaling in human RA-gastruloids and find that these signaling pathways regulate somite patterning and neural tube length, respectively, while genetic perturbation of the transcription factors PAX3 and TBX6 markedly compromises the formation of neural crest and somites/renal cells, respectively. Human RA-gastruloids complement other embryonic organoids in serving as a simple, robust and screenable model for decoding early human embryogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hamazaki, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kubo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, B. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garge, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Regalado, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nichols, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daza, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srivatsan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shendure, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.10.579769</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Induction and in silico staging of human gastruloids with neural tube, segmented somites & advanced cell types]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.02.29.582813v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SUMO Promotes DNA Repair Protein Collaboration to Support Alterative Telomere Lengthening in the Absence of PML 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.02.29.582813v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) pathway maintains telomeres in a significant fraction of cancers associated with poor clinical outcomes. A better understanding of ALT mechanisms can provide a basis for developing new treatment strategies for ALT cancers. SUMO modification of telomere proteins plays a critical role in the formation of ALT telomere-associated PML bodies (APBs), where telomeres are clustered and DNA repair proteins are enriched to promote homology-directed telomere DNA synthesis in ALT. However, whether and how SUMO contributes to ALT beyond APB formation remains elusive. Here, we report that SUMO promotes collaboration among DNA repair proteins to achieve APB-independent telomere maintenance. By using ALT cancer cells with PML protein knocked out and thus devoid of APBs, we show that sumoylation is required for manifesting ALT features, including telomere clustering and telomeric DNA synthesis, independent of PML and APBs. Further, small molecule-induced telomere targeting of SUMO produces signatures of phase separation and ALT features in PML null cells in a manner depending on both sumoylation and SUMO interaction with SUMO interaction motifs (SIMs). Mechanistically, SUMO-induced effects are linked to the enrichment of DNA repair proteins, including Rad52, Rad51AP1, and BLM, to the SUMO-containing telomere foci. Finally, we find that Rad52 can undergo phase separation, enrich SUMO on telomeres, and promote telomere DNA synthesis in collaboration with the BLM helicase in a SUMO-dependent manner. Collectively, our findings suggest that, in addition to forming APBs, SUMO also promotes collaboration among DNA repair proteins to support telomere maintenance in ALT cells. Given the promising effects of sumoylation inhibitors in cancer treatment, our findings suggest their potential use in perturbing telomere maintenance in ALT cancer cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wondisford, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lackner, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salsman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dellaire, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chenoweth, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Sullivan, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.29.582813</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SUMO Promotes DNA Repair Protein Collaboration to Support Alterative Telomere Lengthening in the Absence of PML]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.02.29.582872v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regulation of immune signal integration and memory by inflammation-induced chromosome conformation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.02.29.582872v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
3-dimensional (3D) genome conformation is central to gene expression regulation, yet our understanding of its contribution to rapid transcriptional responses, signal integration, and memory in immune cells is limited. Here, we study the molecular regulation of the inflammatory response in primary macrophages using integrated transcriptomic, epigenomic, and chromosome conformation data, including base pair-resolution Micro-Capture C. We demonstrate that interleukin-4 (IL-4) primes the inflammatory response in macrophages by stably rewiring 3D genome conformation, juxtaposing endotoxin-, interferon-gamma-, and dexamethasone-responsive enhancers in close proximity to their cognate gene promoters. CRISPR-based perturbations of enhancer-promoter contacts or CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) boundary elements demonstrated that IL-4-driven conformation changes are indispensable for enhanced and synergistic endotoxin-induced transcriptional responses, as well as transcriptional memory following stimulus removal. Moreover, transcriptional memory mediated by changes in chromosome conformation often occurred in the absence of changes in chromatin accessibility or histone modifications. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that rapid and memory transcriptional responses to immunological stimuli are encoded in the 3D genome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Daniel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandor, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lareau, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yost, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satpathy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.29.582872</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regulation of immune signal integration and memory by inflammation-induced chromosome conformation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.05.08.593251v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Super-enhancer interactomes from single cells link clustering and transcription 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.05.08.593251v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Regulation of gene expression hinges on the interplay between enhancers and promoters, traditionally explored through pairwise analyses. Recent advancements in mapping genome folding, like GAM, SPRITE, and multi-contact Hi-C, have uncovered multi-way interactions among super-enhancers (SEs), spanning megabases, yet have not measured their frequency in single cells or the relationship between clustering and transcription. To close this gap, here we used multiplexed imaging to map the 3D positions of 376 SEs across thousands of mammalian nuclei. Notably, our single-cell images reveal that while SE-SE contacts are rare, SEs often form looser associations we termed "communities". These communities, averaging 4-5 SEs, assemble cooperatively under the combined effects of genomic tethers, Pol2 clustering, and nuclear compartmentalization. Larger communities are associated with more frequent and larger transcriptional bursts. Our work provides insights about the SE interactome in single cells that challenge existing hypotheses on SE clustering in the context of transcriptional regulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Le, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hafner, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaddam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boettiger, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.08.593251</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Super-enhancer interactomes from single cells link clustering and transcription]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.04.26.591412v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CRISPR Screening Uncovers a Long-Range Enhancer for ONECUT1 in Pancreatic Differentiation and Links a Diabetes Risk Variant 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.04.26.591412v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Functional enhancer annotation is a valuable first step for understanding tissue-specific transcriptional regulation and prioritizing disease-associated non-coding variants for investigation. However, unbiased enhancer discovery in physiologically relevant contexts remains a major challenge. To discover regulatory elements pertinent to diabetes, we conducted a CRISPR interference screen in the human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) pancreatic differentiation system. Among the enhancers uncovered, we focused on a long-range enhancer [~]664 kb from the ONECUT1 promoter, since coding mutations in ONECUT1 cause pancreatic hypoplasia and neonatal diabetes. Homozygous enhancer deletion in hPSCs was associated with a near-complete loss of ONECUT1 gene expression and compromised pancreatic differentiation. This enhancer contains a confidently fine-mapped type 2 diabetes associated variant (rs528350911) which disrupts a GATA motif. Introduction of the risk variant into hPSCs revealed substantially reduced binding of key pancreatic transcription factors (GATA4, GATA6 and FOXA2) on the edited allele, accompanied by a slight reduction of ONECUT1 transcription, supporting a causal role for this risk variant in metabolic disease. This work expands our knowledge about transcriptional regulation in pancreatic development through the characterization of a long-range enhancer and highlights the utility of enhancer discovery in disease-relevant settings for understanding monogenic and complex disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kaplan, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pulecio, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leslie-Iyer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kazakov, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dey, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Apostolou, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lesie, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huangfu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.26.591412</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CRISPR Screening Uncovers a Long-Range Enhancer for ONECUT1 in Pancreatic Differentiation and Links a Diabetes Risk Variant]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.04.29.591790v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MASTR-seq: Multiplexed Analysis of Short Tandem Repeats with sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.04.29.591790v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
More than 60 human disorders have been linked to unstable expansion of short tandem repeat (STR) tracts. STR length and the extent of DNA methylation is linked to disease pathology and can be mosaic in a cell type-specific manner in several repeat expansion disorders. Mosaic phenomenon have been difficult to study to date due to technical bias intrinsic to repeat sequences and the need for multi-modal measurements at single-allele resolution. Nanopore long-read sequencing accurately measures STR length and DNA methylation in the same single molecule but is cost prohibitive for studies assessing a target locus across multiple experimental conditions or patient samples. Here, we describe MASTR-seq, Multiplexed Analysis of Short Tandem Repeats, for cost-effective, high-throughput, accurate, multi-modal measurements of DNA methylation and STR genotype at single-allele resolution. MASTR-seq couples long-read sequencing, Cas9-mediated target enrichment, and PCR-free multiplexed barcoding to achieve a >ten-fold increase in on-target read mapping for 8-12 pooled samples in a single MinION flow cell. We provide a detailed experimental protocol and computational tools and present evidence that MASTR-seq quantifies tract length and DNA methylation status for CGG and CAG STR loci in normal-length and mutation-length human cell lines. The MASTR-seq protocol takes approximately eight days for experiments and one additional day for data processing and analyses.

Key pointsO_LIWe provide a protocol for MASTR-seq: Multiplexed Analysis of Short Tandem Repeats using Cas9-mediated target enrichment and PCR-free, multiplexed nanopore sequencing.
C_LIO_LIMASTR-seq achieves a >10-fold increase in on-target read proportion for highly repetitive, technically inaccessible regions of the genome relevant for human health and disease.
C_LIO_LIMASTR-seq allows for high-throughput, efficient, accurate, and cost-effective measurement of STR length and DNA methylation in the same single allele for up to 8-12 samples in parallel in one Nanopore MinION flow cell.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chandradoss, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malachowski, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boya, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryu, H.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brennand, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillips-Cremins, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.29.591790</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MASTR-seq: Multiplexed Analysis of Short Tandem Repeats with sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.05.16.594268v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Improved cohesin HiChIP protocol and bioinformatic analysis for robust detection of chromatin loops and stripes 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.05.16.594268v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromosome Conformation Capture (3C) methods, including Hi-C (a high-throughput variation of 3C), detect pairwise interactions between DNA regions, enabling the reconstruction of chromatin architecture in the nucleus. HiChIP is a modification of the Hi-C experiment, which includes a chromatin immunoprecipitation step (ChIP), allowing genome-wide identification of chromatin contacts mediated by a protein of interest. In mammalian cells, cohesin protein complex is one of the major players in the establishment of chromatin loops. We present an improved cohesin HiChIP experimental protocol. Using comprehensive bioinformatic analysis, we show that performing cohesin HiChIP with two cross-linking agents (formaldehyde [FA] and EGS) instead of the typically used FA alone, results in a substantially better signal-to-noise ratio, higher ChIP efficiency and improved detection of chromatin loops and architectural stripes. Additionally, we propose an automated pipeline called nf-HiChIP (https://github.com/SFGLab/hichip-nf-pipeline) for processing HiChIP samples starting from raw sequencing reads data and ending with a set of significant chromatin interactions (loops), which allows efficient and timely analysis of multiple samples in parallel, without the need of additional ChIP-seq experiments. Finally, using novel approaches for biophysical modelling and stripe calling we generate accurate loop extrusion polymer models for a region of interest and a detailed picture of architectural stripes, respectively.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jodkowska, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parteka-Tojek, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agarwal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Denkiewicz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korsak, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chilinski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banecki, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plewczynski, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.16.594268</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Improved cohesin HiChIP protocol and bioinformatic analysis for robust detection of chromatin loops and stripes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.06.05.597553v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HLH-30/TFEB rewires the chaperone network to promote proteostasis under conditions of Coenzyme A and Iron-Sulfur Cluster Deficiency 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.06.05.597553v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ABSTARCTThe maintenance of a properly folded proteome is critical for cellular function and organismal health, and its age-dependent collapse is associated with a wide range of diseases. Here, we find that despite the central role of Coenzyme A as a molecular cofactor in hundreds of cellular reactions, limiting Coenzyme A levels in C. elegans and in human cells, by inhibiting the conserved pantothenate kinase, promotes proteostasis. Impairment of the cytosolic iron-sulfur clusters formation pathway, which depends on Coenzyme A, similarly promotes proteostasis and acts in the same pathway. Proteostasis improvement by Coenzyme A/iron-sulfur cluster deficiencies are dependent on the conserved HLH-30/TFEB transcription factor. Strikingly, under these conditions, HLH-30 promotes proteostasis by potentiating the expression of select chaperone genes providing a chaperone-mediated proteostasis shield, rather than by its established role as an autophagy and lysosome biogenesis promoting factor. This reflects the versatile nature of this conserved transcription factor, that can transcriptionally activate a wide range of protein quality control mechanisms, including chaperones and stress response genes alongside autophagy and lysosome biogenesis genes. These results highlight TFEB as a key proteostasis-promoting transcription factor and underscore it and its upstream regulators as potential therapeutic targets in proteostasis-related diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shalash, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levi-Ferber, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>von Chrzanowski, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atrash, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shav-Tal, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henis-Korenblit, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.05.597553</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HLH-30/TFEB rewires the chaperone network to promote proteostasis under conditions of Coenzyme A and Iron-Sulfur Cluster Deficiency]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.06.18.599627v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
FISHnet: Detecting chromatin domains in single-cell sequential Oligopaints imaging data 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.06.18.599627v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sequential Oligopaints DNA FISH is an imaging technique that measures higher-order genome folding at single-allele resolution via multiplexed, probe-based tracing. Currently there is a paucity of algorithms to identify 3D genome features in sequential Oligopaints data. Here, we present FISHnet, a graph theory method based on optimization of network modularity to detect chromatin domains and boundaries in pairwise distance matrices. FISHnet uncovers cell type-specific domain-like folding patterns on single alleles, thus enabling future studies aiming to elucidate the role for single-cell folding variation on genome function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Patel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandrashekar, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillips-Cremins, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.18.599627</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[FISHnet: Detecting chromatin domains in single-cell sequential Oligopaints imaging data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.07.08.602430v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Vcam1+ Fibro-adipogenic Progenitors Mark Fatty Infiltration in Chronic Limb Threatening Ischemia 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.07.08.602430v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Skeletal muscle health and function is a critical determinant of clinical outcomes in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Herein, we identify fatty infiltration, the ectopic deposition of adipocytes in skeletal muscle, as a histological hallmark of end-stage PAD, also known as chronic limb threatening ischemia (CLTI). Leveraging single cell transcriptome mapping in mouse models of PAD, we identify a pro-adipogenic mesenchymal stromal cell population marked by expression of Vcam1 (termed Vcam1+ FAPs) that expands in the ischemic limb. Mechanistically, we identify Sfrp1 and Nr3c1 as regulators of Vcam1+ FAP adipogenic differentiation. Loss of Sfrp1 and Nr3c1 impair Vcam1+ FAP differentiation into adipocytes in vitro. Finally, we show that Vcam1+ FAPs are enriched in human CLTI patients. Collectively, our results identify a pro-adipogenic FAP subpopulation in CLTI patients and provide a potential therapeutic target for muscle regeneration in PAD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dai, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fei, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olivere, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garrett, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akers, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Otto, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kontos, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Southerland, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.08.602430</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Vcam1+ Fibro-adipogenic Progenitors Mark Fatty Infiltration in Chronic Limb Threatening Ischemia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.07.09.602710v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Efficient Genome Editing with Chimeric Oligonucleotide-Directed Editing 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.07.09.602710v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Prime editing has emerged as a precise and powerful genome editing tool, offering a favorable gene editing profile compared to other Cas9-based approaches. Here we report new nCas9-DNA polymerase fusion proteins to create chimeric oligonucleotide-directed editing (CODE) systems for search-and-replace genome editing. Through successive rounds of engineering, we developed CODEMax and CODEMax(exo+) editors that achieve efficient genome modifications in human cells with low unintended edits. CODEMax and CODEMax(exo+) contain an engineered Bst DNA polymerase derivative known for its robust strand displacement ability. Additionally, CODEMax(exo+) features a 5 to 3 exonuclease activity that promotes effective strand invasion and repair outcomes favoring the incorporation of the desired edit. We demonstrate CODEs can perform small insertions, deletions, and substitutions with improved efficiency compared to PEMax at many loci. Overall, CODEs complement existing prime editors to expand the toolbox for genome manipulations without double-stranded breaks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rakestraw, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pizzano, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beerensson, K. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antal, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anamiss, K. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peggs, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jing, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burdine, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adamson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toettcher, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myhrvold, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.09.602710</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Efficient Genome Editing with Chimeric Oligonucleotide-Directed Editing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.06.30.601416v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial transcriptomics reveals influence of microenvironment on intrinsic fates in melanoma therapy resistance 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.06.30.601416v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Resistance to cancer therapy is driven by both cell-intrinsic and microenvironmental factors. Previous work has revealed that multiple resistant cell fates emerge in melanoma following treatment with targeted therapy and that, in vitro, these resistant fates are determined by the transcriptional state of individual cells prior to exposure to treatment. What remains unclear is whether these resistant fates are shared across different genetic backgrounds and how, if at all, these resistant fates interact with the tumor microenvironment. Through spatial transcriptomics and single-cell RNA sequencing, we uncovered distinct resistance programs in melanoma cells shaped by both intrinsic cellular states and the tumor microenvironment. Consensus non-negative matrix factorization revealed shared intrinsic resistance programs across different cell lines, highlighting the presence of universal and unique resistance pathways. In patient samples, we demonstrated that these resistance programs coexist within individual tumors and associate with diverse immune signatures, suggesting that the tumor microenvironment and distribution of resistant fates are closely connected. Single-cell resolution spatial transcriptomics in xenograft models revealed both intrinsically determined and extrinsically influenced resistant fates. Overall, this work demonstrates that each therapy resistant fate coexists with a distinct immune microenvironment in tumors and that, in vivo, tissue features, such as regions of necrosis, can influence which resistant fate is adopted.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Boe, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Triandafillou, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lazcano, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wargo, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raj, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.30.601416</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial transcriptomics reveals influence of microenvironment on intrinsic fates in melanoma therapy resistance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.07.19.604327v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Long range regulation of transcription scales with genomic distance in a gene specific manner 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.07.19.604327v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While critical for tuning the timing and level of transcription, enhancer communication with distal promoters is not well understood. Here we bypass the need for sequence-specific transcription factors and recruit activators directly using CARGO-VPR, an approach for targeting dCas9-VPR using a multiplexed array of RNA guides. We show that this approach achieves effective activator recruitment to arbitrary genomic sites, even those inaccessible by single dCas9. We utilize CARGO-VPR across the Prdm8-Fgf5 locus in mESCs, where neither gene is expressed. We demonstrate that while activator recruitment to any tested region results in transcriptional induction of at least one gene, the expression level strongly depends on the genomic distance between the promoter and activator recruitment site. However, the expression-distance relationship for each gene scales distinctly in a manner not attributable to differences in 3D contact frequency, promoter DNA sequence or presence of the repressive chromatin marks at the locus.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jensen, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swigut, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crocker, O. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bassik, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferrell, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boettiger, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wysocka, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.19.604327</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Long range regulation of transcription scales with genomic distance in a gene specific manner]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.07.26.605260v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiscale Molecular Modelling of Chromatin with MultiMM: From Nucleosomes to the Whole Genome 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.07.26.605260v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationWe present a user-friendly 3D chromatin simulation model based on OpenMM, addressing the challenges posed by existing models with use-specific implementations. Our approach employs a multi-scale energy minimization strategy, capturing chromatins hierarchical structure. Initiating with a Hilbert curve-based structure, users can input files specifying nucleosome positioning, loops, compartments, or subcompartments.

ResultsThe model utilizes an energy minimization approach with a large choice of numerical integrators, providing the entire genomes structure within minutes. Output files include the generated structures for each chromosome, offering a versatile and accessible tool for chromatin simulation in bioinformatics studies. Furthermore, MultiMM is capable of producing nucleosomeresolution structures by making simplistic geometric assumptions about the structure and the density of nucleosomes on the DNA.

Code availabilityOpen-source software and the manual are freely available on https://github.com/SFGLab/MultiMM.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Korsak, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banecki, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plewczynski, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.26.605260</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiscale Molecular Modelling of Chromatin with MultiMM: From Nucleosomes to the Whole Genome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.07.26.605267v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ConsensuSV-ONT - a modern method for accurate structural variant calling 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.07.26.605267v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The improvements in sequencing technology make the development of new tools for the detection of structural variance more and more common. However, the tools available for the long-read Oxford Nanopore sequencing are limited, and it is hard to choose one, which is the best. That is why there is a need to create a tool based on consensus that combines existing work in order to discover a set of high-quality, reliable structural variants that can be used for further downstream analysis. The field has also been subject to revolution in machine learning techniques, especially deep learning. In the spirit of the aforementioned need and developments, we propose a novel, fully automated ConsensuSV-ONT algorithm. The method uses six independent, state-of-the-art structural variant callers for long-read sequencing along with a convolutional neural network for filtering high-quality variants. We provide a runtime environment in the form of a docker image, wrapping a nextflow pipeline for efficient processing using parallel computing. The solution is complete in its form and is ready to use not only by computer scientists but accessible and easy to use for everyone working with Oxford Nanopore long-read sequencing data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pietryga, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chilinski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gadakh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plewczynski, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.26.605267</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ConsensuSV-ONT - a modern method for accurate structural variant calling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.08.23.609430v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
LDB1 establishes multi-enhancer networks to regulate gene expression 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.08.23.609430v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
How specific enhancer-promoter pairing is established is still mostly unclear. Besides the CTCF/cohesin machinery, only a few nuclear factors have been studied for a direct role in physically connecting regulatory elements. Here, we show via acute degradation experiments that LDB1 directly and broadly promotes enhancer-promoter loops. Most LDB1-mediated contacts, even those spanning hundreds of kb, can form in the absence of CTCF, cohesin, or YY1 as determined via the use of multiple degron systems. Moreover, an engineered LDB1-driven chromatin loop is cohesin independent. Cohesin-driven loop extrusion does not stall at LDB1 occupied sites but may aid the formation of a subset of LDB1 anchored loops. Leveraging the dynamic reorganization of nuclear architecture during the transition from mitosis to G1-phase, we establish a relationship between LDB1-dependent interactions in the context of TAD organization and gene activation. Lastly, Tri-C and Region Capture Micro-C reveal that LDB1 organizes multi-enhancer networks to activate transcription. This establishes LDB1 as a direct driver of regulatory network inter-connectivity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aboreden, N. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lam, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goel, V. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Midla, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quijano, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keller, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giardine, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hardison, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blobel, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.23.609430</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[LDB1 establishes multi-enhancer networks to regulate gene expression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.08.10.607443v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
YAP charge patterning mediates signal integration through transcriptional co-condensates 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.08.10.607443v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcription factor dynamics are used to selectively engage gene regulatory programs. Biomolecular condensates have emerged as an attractive signaling substrate in this process, but the underlying mechanisms are not well-understood. Here, we probed the molecular basis of YAP signal integration through transcriptional condensates. Leveraging light-sheet single-molecule imaging and synthetic condensates, we demonstrate charge-mediated co-condensation of the transcriptional regulators YAP and Mediator into transcriptionally active condensates in stem cells. IDR sequence analysis and YAP protein engineering demonstrate that instead of the net charge, YAP signaling specificity is established through its negative charge patterning that interacts with Mediators positive charge blocks. The mutual enhancement of YAP/Mediator co-condensation is counteracted by negative feedback from transcription, driving an adaptive transcriptional response that is well-suited for decoding dynamic inputs. Our work reveals a molecular framework for YAP condensate formation and sheds new light on the function of YAP condensates for emergent gene regulatory behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Meyer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yserentant, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheloor-Kovilakam, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruff, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, C.-I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiner, O. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.10.607443</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[YAP charge patterning mediates signal integration through transcriptional co-condensates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.08.23.609244v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HMGB1 restores a dynamic chromatin environment in the presence of linker histone by deforming nucleosomal DNA 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.08.23.609244v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The essential architectural protein HMGB1 increases accessibility of nucleosomal DNA and counteracts the effects of linker histone H1. However, HMGB1 is less abundant than H1 and binds nucleosomes more weakly raising the question of how HMGB1 effectively competes with H1. Here, we show that HMGB1 rescues H1s inhibition of nucleosomal DNA accessibility without displacing H1. HMGB1 also increases the dynamics of condensed, H1-bound chromatin. Cryo-EM shows that HMGB1 binds at internal locations on a nucleosome and locally distorts the DNA. These sites, which are away from the binding site of H1, explain how HMGB1 and H1 co-occupy a nucleosome. Our findings lead to a model where HMGB1 counteracts the activity of H1 by distorting nucleosomal DNA and by contacting the H1 C-terminal tail. Compared to direct competition, nucleosome co-occupancy by HMGB1 and H1 allows a greater diversity of dynamic chromatin states and may be generalizable to other chromatin regulators.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Saunders, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chio, U. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramani, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narlikar, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.23.609244</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HMGB1 restores a dynamic chromatin environment in the presence of linker histone by deforming nucleosomal DNA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.07.02.600897v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Prediction of single-cell chromatin compartments from single-cell chromosome structures by MaxComp 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.07.02.600897v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The genome is partitioned into distinct chromatin compartments with at least two main classes, a transcriptionally active A and an inactive B compartment, corresponding mostly to the segregation of euchromatin and heterochromatin. Chromatin within the same compartment has a higher tendency to interact with itself than with regions in opposing compartments. A/B compartments are traditionally derived from ensemble Hi-C contact matrices through principal component analysis of their covariance matrices. However, defining compartments in single cells from single-cell Hi-C maps is non trivial due to sparsity of the data and the fact that homologous copies are typically not resolved. Here we present an unsupervised approach, named MaxComp, to determine single-cell A/B compartments from geometric considerations in 3D chromosome structures, either from multiplexed FISH imaging or from models derived from Hi-C data. By representing each single-cell structure as an undirected graph with edge-weights encoding structural information, the problem of predicting chromosome compartments can be transformed to an alternative form of the Max-cut problem, a semidefinite graph programming method (SPD) to determine an optimal division of a chromosome structure graph into two structural compartments. Our results show that compartment annotations from principal component analysis of ensemble Hi-C data can be perfectly reproduced as population averages of our single-cell compartment predictions. We therefore prove that compartment predictions can be achieved from geometric considerations alone using 3D coordinates of chromatin regions together with information about their nuclear microenvironment. Our results reveal substantial cell-to-cell heterogeneity of compartments in a cell population, which substantially differs between individual genomic regions. Moreover, by applying our approach to multiplexed FISH tracing experiments, our method sheds light on the relationship between single-cell compartment annotations and gene transcriptional activity in single cells. Overall our approach provides new insights into single-cell chromatin condensation, relationship between population and single-cell chromatin compartmentalization, the cell-to-cell variations of chromatin compartments and its impact on gene transcription.

Author SummaryChromosome conformation capture and imaging techniques revealed the segregation of genomic chromatin into at least two functional compartments. Hi-C contact frequency matrices show checkerboard-like patterns indicating that chromatin regions are divided into at least two states, possibly a result of phase separation. Chromatin regions in the same state have preferential interactions with each other, often over extended sequence distances, while interactions to regions in the opposing state are minimized. Principal component analysis (PCA) on ensemble Hi-C contact frequency matrices can identify these compartment states. However, because the compartment annotations are derived from a cell population, this method cannot provide information about compartments in single cells. Here in this study, we introduce an unsupervised method to predict single-cell compartments using graph-based programming, which utilizes only structural information in single cells. Our results demonstrate that PCA-based ensemble compartment annotations can be reproduced as population averages of our single-cell compartment predictions. Moreover, our results reveal the cell-to-cell heterogeneity of compartments in a cell population, which shows significant disparities among different chromatin regions. Moreover, by applying our approach to multiplexed FISH tracing experiments, our method reveals the relationship between single-cell compartment annotations and gene transcriptional activity in single cells. Finally, our approach also allows us to relate chromatin structural features in single cells with compartment properties. Comparison with other existing approaches showed that our method produces overall better compartmentalization scores in single cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Musella, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alber, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.02.600897</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Prediction of single-cell chromatin compartments from single-cell chromosome structures by MaxComp]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.07.25.604999v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
AP-1 Mediates Cellular Adaptation and Memory Formation During Therapy Resistance 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.07.25.604999v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cellular responses to environmental stimuli are typically thought to be governed by genetically encoded programs. We demonstrate that melanoma cells can form and maintain cellular memories during the acquisition of therapy resistance that exhibit characteristics of cellular learning and are dependent on the transcription factor AP-1. We show that cells exposed to a low dose of therapy adapt to become resistant to a high dose, demonstrating that resistance was not purely selective. The application of therapy itself results in the encoding of transient gene expression into cellular memory and that this encoding occurs for both transiently induced and probabilistically arising expression. Chromatin accessibility showed concomitant persistence. A two-color AP-1 reporter system showed that these memories are encoded in cis, constituting an example of activating cis epigenetics. Our findings establish the formation and maintenance of cellular memories as a critical aspect of gene regulation during the development of therapy resistance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravindran, P. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Farrell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Busch, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boe, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunagin, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goyal, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarma, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herlyn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raj, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.25.604999</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[AP-1 Mediates Cellular Adaptation and Memory Formation During Therapy Resistance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.09.24.614640v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deconvolving organogenesis in space and time via spatial transcriptomics in thick tissues 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.09.24.614640v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Organ development is guided by a space-time landscape that constraints cell behavior. This landscape is challenging to characterize for the hair follicle - the most abundant mini organ - due to its complex microscopic structure and asynchronous development. We developed 3DEEP, a tissue clearing and spatial transcriptomic strategy for characterizing tissue blocks up to 400 {micro}m in thickness. We captured 371 hair follicles at different stages of organogenesis in 1 mm3 of skin of a 12-hour-old mouse with 6 million transcripts from 81 genes. From this single time point, we deconvoluted follicles by age based on whole-organ molecular pseudotimes to animate a stop-motion 3D atlas of follicle development along its trajectory. We defined molecular stages for hair follicle organogenesis and characterized the order of emergence for its structures, differential signaling dynamics at its top and bottom, morphogen shifts preceding and accompanying structural changes, and series of structural changes leading to the formation of its canal and opening. We further found that hair follicle stem cells and their niche are established and stratified early in organogenesis, before the formation of the hair bulb. Overall, this work demonstrates the power of increased depth of spatial transcriptomics to provide a four-dimensional analysis of organogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Asami, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garza, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalhor, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.24.614640</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deconvolving organogenesis in space and time via spatial transcriptomics in thick tissues]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.09.10.611504v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ATP-dependent remodeling of chromatin condensates uncovers distinct mesoscale effects of two remodelers 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.09.10.611504v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling enzymes mobilize nucleosomes, but how such mobilization affects chromatin condensation is unclear. Here, we investigate effects of two major remodelers, ACF and RSC using chromatin condensates and single-molecule footprinting. We find that both remodelers inhibit the formation of condensed chromatin. However, the remodelers have distinct effects on pre-formed chromatin condensates. ACF spaces nucleosomes without de-condensing the chromatin, explaining how ACF maintains nucleosome organization in transcriptionally repressed genomic regions. In contrast, RSC catalyzes ATP-dependent de-condensation of chromatin. Surprisingly, RSC also drives micron-scale movements of entire condensates. These newly uncovered activities of RSC explain its central role in transcriptional activation. The biological importance of remodelers may thus reflect both their effects on nucleosome mobilization and the corresponding consequences on chromatin dynamics at the mesoscale.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Moore, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaur, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chio, U. S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ostrowski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irkliyenko, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramani, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narlikar, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.10.611504</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ATP-dependent remodeling of chromatin condensates uncovers distinct mesoscale effects of two remodelers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.09.16.611917v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamics of microcompartment formation at the mitosis-to-G1 transition 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.09.16.611917v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
As cells exit mitosis and enter G1, mitotic chromosomes decompact and transcription is reestablished. Previously, Hi-C studies showed that essentially all interphase 3D genome features including A/B-compartments, TADs, and CTCF loops, are lost during mitosis. However, Hi-C remains insensitive to features such as microcompartments, nested focal interactions between cis-regulatory elements (CREs). We therefore applied Region Capture Micro-C to cells from mitosis to G1. Unexpectedly, we observe microcompartments in prometaphase, which further strengthen in ana/telophase before gradually weakening in G1. Loss of loop extrusion through condensin depletion differentially impacts microcompartments and large A/B-compartments, suggesting that they are partially distinct. Using polymer modeling, we show that microcompartment formation is favored by chromatin compaction and disfavored by loop extrusion activity, explaining why ana/telophase likely provides a particularly favorable environment. Our results suggest that CREs exhibit intrinsic homotypic affinity leading to microcompartment formation, which may explain transient transcriptional spiking observed upon mitotic exit.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Goel, V. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aboreden, N. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jusuf, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mori, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirny, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blobel, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banigan, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.16.611917</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamics of microcompartment formation at the mitosis-to-G1 transition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.09.17.613111v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An integrated view of the structure and function of the human 4D nucleome 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.09.17.613111v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The dynamic three-dimensional (3D) organization of the human genome (the "4D Nucleome") is closely linked to genome function. Here, we integrate a wide variety of genomic data generated by the 4D Nucleome Project to provide a detailed view of human 3D genome organization in widely used embryonic stem cells (H1-hESCs) and immortalized fibroblasts (HFFc6). We provide extensive benchmarking of 3D genome mapping assays and integrate these diverse datasets to annotate spatial genomic features across scales. The data reveal a rich complexity of chromatin domains and their sub-nuclear positions, and over one hundred thousand structural loops and promoter-enhancer interactions. We developed 3D models of population-based and individual cell-to-cell variation in genome structure, establishing connections between chromosome folding, nuclear organization, chromatin looping, gene transcription, and DNA replication. We demonstrate the use of computational methods to predict genome folding from DNA sequence, uncovering potential effects of genetic variants on genome structure and function. Together, this comprehensive analysis contributes insights into human genome organization and enhances our understanding of connections between the regulation of genome function and 3D genome organization in general.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>The 4D Nucleome Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dekker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oksuz, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minsk, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibcus, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krietenstein, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rando, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janssens, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henikoff, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kukalev, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willemin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winick-Ng, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kempfer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pombo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belmont, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sasaki, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Schaik, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brueckner, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peric-Hupkes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Steensel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chai, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quinodoz, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhat, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guttman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chien, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venev, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plewczynski, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irastorza Azcarate, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szabo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thieme, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szczepinska,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.17.613111</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An integrated view of the structure and function of the human 4D nucleome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.10.04.616668v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Heterogeneity in chromatin structure drives core regulatory pathways in B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.10.04.616668v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is the most common pediatric malignancy. Based on gene expression profiling, B-ALL can be classified into distinct transcriptional subtypes with differing disease outcomes. Many of these transcriptional subtypes are defined by mutations in transcription factors and chromatin-modifying enzymes, but how such diverse mutations lead to distinct transcriptional subtypes remains unclear. To illuminate the chromatin regulatory landscape in B-ALL, we analyzed 3D genome organization, open chromatin, and gene expression in 53 primary patient samples. At the level of 3D genome organization, we identified chromatin interactions that vary across transcriptional subtypes. These sites of variable 3D chromatin interactions correlate with local gene expression changes and are enriched for core drivers of B-ALL observed in genome-wide CRISPR knock-out screens. Sites of variable 3D genome interactions are frequently shared across multiple transcriptional subtypes and are enriched for open chromatin sites found in normal B-cell development but repressed in mature B-cells. Within an individual patient sample, the chromatin landscape can resemble progenitor chromatin states at some loci and mature B-cell chromatin at others, suggesting that the chromatin in B-ALL patient tumor cells is in a partially arrested immature state. By analyzing transcriptomic data from large cohorts of B-ALL patients, we identify gene expression programs that are shared across transcriptional subtypes, associated with B-cell developmental stages, and predictive of patient survival. In combination, these results show that the 3D genome organization of B-ALL reflects B-cell developmental stages and helps illustrate how B-cell developmental arrest interacts with transcriptional subtypes to drive B-ALL.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tyndale, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yasis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, C. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bump, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandran, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petersen, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shokhirev, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McVicker, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixon, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.04.616668</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Heterogeneity in chromatin structure drives core regulatory pathways in B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.10.02.616323v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-wide in vivo dynamics of cohesin-mediated loop extrusion and its role in transcription activation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.10.02.616323v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The organization of the genome in three-dimensional space is highly dynamic, yet how these dynamics are regulated and the role they play in genome function is poorly understood. Here, we utilized acute depletion of NIPBL to characterize the role of cohesin-mediated loop extrusion in vivo. Using this approach, we found that many chromatin loops are rapidly diminished upon loss of NIBPL, consistent with recent single locus imaging studies showing that chromatin loops are transient. However, we also identified cohesin-dependent chromatin loops that are associated with distinct chromatin states and may be "long-lived", given that they require NIPBL for their establishment upon mitotic exit, but are persistent when NIPBL is depleted from interphase cells. In addition to the reformation of 3D genome structures, mitotic exit coincides with widespread transcriptional activation. We found that NIPBL is essential for establishing the expression of lineage-defining genes during the M-G1 transition but has diminished impact on the steady-state maintenance of their expression. At genes sensitive to its depletion, NIPBL supports a unique local genome organization defined by greater spatial proximity to nearby super-enhancers and weaker transcription start site insulation of genomic contacts. Overall, we show that NIPBL-mediated loop extrusion is critical to genome organization and transcription regulation in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Popay, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pant, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munting, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Black, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haghani, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.02.616323</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-wide in vivo dynamics of cohesin-mediated loop extrusion and its role in transcription activation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.10.02.616241v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The challenge of chromatin model comparison and validation a project from the first international 4D Nucleome Hackathon 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.10.02.616241v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The computational modeling of chromatin structure is highly complex and challenging due to the hierarchical organization of chromatin, which reflects its diverse biophysical principles, as well as inherent dynamism, which underlies its complexity. The variety of methods for chromatin structure modeling, which are based on different approaches, assumptions and scales of modeling, suggests that there is a necessity for a comprehensive benchmark. This inspired us to conduct a project at the NIH-funded 4D Nucleome Hackathon on March 18-21, 2024 at The University of Washington in Seattle, USA. The hackathon provided an amazing opportunity to gather an international, multi-institutional and unbiased group of experts to discuss, understand and undertake the challenges of chromatin model comparison and validation. These challenges seem straightforward in theory, however in practice, they are challenging and ambiguous. To address them, we developed a bioinformatics workflow for chromatin model comparison and validation, in which we use distance matrices to represent chromatin models, and we calculate Spearman correlation coefficients between pairs of matrices to estimate correlations between models, as well as between models and experimental data. During the 4-day hackathon, we tested our workflow on several distinct software packages for chromatin structure modeling and we discovered several challenges that include: 1) different aspects of chromatin biophysics and scales complicate model comparisons, 2) expertise in biology, bioinformatics, and physics is necessary to conduct a comprehensive research on chromatin structure, 3) bioinformatic software, which is often developed in academic settings, is characterized by insufficient support and documentation. Therefore, our work constitutes a way to advance the modeling of the 3D organization of the human genome, while emphasizing the importance of establishing guidelines for software development and standardization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kubica, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korsak, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clerkin, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kouril, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schirman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yadavalli, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banecki, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kadlof, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Busby, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plewczynski, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.02.616241</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The challenge of chromatin model comparison and validation a project from the first international 4D Nucleome Hackathon]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.11.06.621353v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
De novo structural variants in autism spectrum disorder disrupt distal regulatory interactions of neuronal genes 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.11.06.621353v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Three-dimensional genome organization plays a critical role in gene regulation, and disruptions can lead to developmental disorders by altering the contact between genes and their distal regulatory elements. Structural variants (SVs) can disturb local genome organization, such as the merging of topologically associating domains upon boundary deletion. Testing large numbers of SVs experimentally for their effects on chromatin structure and gene expression is time and cost prohibitive. To address this, we propose a computational approach to predict SV impacts on genome folding, which can help prioritize causal hypotheses for functional testing. We developed a weighted scoring method that measures chromatin contact changes specifically affecting regions of interest, such as regulatory elements or promoters, and implemented it in the SuPreMo-Akita software (Gjoni and Pollard 2024). With this tool, we ranked hundreds of de novo SVs (dnSVs) from autism spectrum disorder (ASD) individuals and their unaffected siblings based on predicted disruptions to nearby neuronal regulatory interactions. This revealed that putative cisregulatory element interactions (CREints) are more disrupted by dnSVs from ASD probands versus unaffected siblings. We prioritized candidate variants that disrupt ASD CREints and validated our top-ranked locus using isogenic excitatory neurons with and without the dnSV, confirming accurate predictions of disrupted chromatin contacts. This study establishes disrupted genome folding as a potential genetic mechanism in ASD and provides a general strategy for prioritizing variants predicted to disrupt regulatory interactions across tissues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gjoni, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Everitt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pollard, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.06.621353</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[De novo structural variants in autism spectrum disorder disrupt distal regulatory interactions of neuronal genes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.12.21.628413v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Discovery of NANOG enhancers and their essential roles in self-renewal and differentiation in human embryonic stem cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.12.21.628413v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are notable for their ability to self-renew and to differentiate into all tissue types in the body. NANOG is a core regulator of hESC identity, and dynamic control of its expression is crucial to maintain the balance between self-renewal and differentiation. Transcriptional regulation depends on enhancers, but NANOG enhancers in hESCs are not well characterized. Here we report two NANOG enhancers discovered from a CRISPR interference screen in hESCs. Deletion of a single copy of either enhancer significantly reduced NANOG expression, compromising self-renewal and increasing differentiation propensity. Interestingly, these two NANOG enhancers are involved in a tandem duplication event found in certain primates including humans but not in mice. However, the duplicated counterparts do not regulate NANOG expression. This work expands our knowledge of functional enhancers in hESCs, and highlights the sensitivity of the hESC state to the dosage of core regulators and their enhancers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosen, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leslie, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huangfu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.21.628413</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Discovery of NANOG enhancers and their essential roles in self-renewal and differentiation in human embryonic stem cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.01.07.631602v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distinct Control of histone H1 expression within the Histone Locus body by CRAMP1 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.01.07.631602v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Proper histone gene expression is critical to cell viability and maintaining genomic integrity. Multiple histone genes organized into three genomic loci encode for replication coupled core and linker histones. Histone gene expression and transcript processing is orchestrated in the histone locus body (HLB) within the nucleus. We identified human CRAMP1 as a selective regulator of linker histone H1 expression. CRAMP1 is recruited to the HLB in RPE1hTERT cells. Affinity purification shows that CRAMP1 physically associates the HLB component GON4L (a.k.a. YARP). We show that the PAH domains of GON4L interact with CRAMP1. CRAMP1 disruption results in a loss of histone H1 expression and a reduction in H1 protein. CRAMP1 occupies the unmethylated promoters of the replication coupled linker histone genes that reside within the histone locus body, and the replication independent histone H1 loci, which reside in a region of the genome without other histone genes. Together these data identify CRAMP1 as a novel and selective regulator of histone H1 gene expression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bodner, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vadlamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helmin, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendillo, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singer, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srivastava, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foltz, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.07.631602</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distinct Control of histone H1 expression within the Histone Locus body by CRAMP1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.01.16.633463v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Telomeric SUMO level influences the choices of APB formation pathways and ALT efficiency 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.01.16.633463v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many cancers use an alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) pathway for telomere maintenance. ALT telomeric DNA synthesis occurs in ALT telomere-associated PML bodies (APBs). However, the mechanisms by which APBs form are not well understood. Here, we monitored the formation of APBs with time-lapse imaging employing CRISPR knock-in to track the promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein at endogenous levels. We found APBs form via two pathways: telomeres recruit PML proteins to nucleate PML bodies de novo, or telomeres fuse with preformed PML bodies. Both nucleation and fusion of APBs require interactions between SUMO and SUMO interaction motifs (SIMs). Moreover, APB nucleation is associated with higher levels of SUMOs and SUMO-mediated recruitment of DNA helicase BLM, resulting in more robust telomeric DNA synthesis. Finally, further boosting SUMO levels at telomeres enhances APB nucleation, BLM enrichment, and telomeric DNA synthesis. Thus, high SUMO levels at telomeres promote APB formation via nucleation, resulting in stronger ALT activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wivagg, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lackner, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salsman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dellaire, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matunis, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chenoweth, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.16.633463</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Telomeric SUMO level influences the choices of APB formation pathways and ALT efficiency]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.01.17.633622v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pervasive and programmed nucleosome distortion patterns on single mammalian chromatin fibers 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.01.17.633622v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We present a genome-scale method to map the single-molecule co-occupancy of structurally distinct nucleosomes, subnucleosomes, and other protein-DNA interactions via long-read high-resolution adenine methyltransferase footprinting. Iteratively Defined Lengths of Inaccessibility (IDLI) classifies nucleosomes on the basis of shared patterns of intranucleosomal accessibility, into: i.) minimally-accessible chromatosomes; ii.) octasomes with stereotyped DNA accessibility from superhelical locations (SHLs) {+/-}1 through {+/-}7; iii.) highly-accessible unwrapped nucleosomes; and iv.) subnucleosomal species, such as hexasomes, tetrasomes, and other short DNA protections. Applying IDLI to mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) chromatin, we discover widespread nucleosomal distortion on individual mammalian chromatin fibers, with >85% of nucleosomes surveyed displaying degrees of intranucleosomally accessible DNA. We observe epigenomic-domain-specific patterns of distorted nucleosome co-occupancy and positioning, including at enhancers, promoters, and mouse satellite repeat sequences. Nucleosome distortion is programmed by the presence of bound transcription factors (TFs) at cognate motifs; occupied TF binding sites are differentially decorated by distorted nucleosomes compared to unbound sites, and degradation experiments establish direct roles for TFs in structuring binding-site proximal nucleosomes. Finally, we apply IDLI in the context of primary mouse hepatocytes, observing evidence for pervasive nucleosomal distortion in vivo. Further genetic experiments reveal a role for the hepatocyte master regulator FOXA2 in directly impacting nucleosome distortion at hepatocyte-specific regulatory elements in vivo. Our work suggests extreme--but regulated--plasticity in nucleosomal DNA accessibility at the single-molecule level. Further, our study offers an essential new framework to model transcription factor binding, nucleosome remodeling, and cell-type specific gene regulation across biological contexts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richter, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McNally, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dhillon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maresca, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Wit, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willenbring, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maher, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodarzi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramani, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.17.633622</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pervasive and programmed nucleosome distortion patterns on single mammalian chromatin fibers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.01.06.631605v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In vivo measurements of receptor tyrosine kinase activity reveal feedback regulation of a developmental gradient 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.01.06.631605v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A lack of tools for detecting receptor activity in vivo has limited our ability to fully explore receptor-level control of developmental patterning. Here, we extend a new class of biosensors for receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activity, the pYtag system, to visualize endogenous RTK activity in Drosophila. We build biosensors for three Drosophila RTKs that function across developmental stages and tissues. By characterizing Torso::pYtag during terminal patterning in the early embryo, we find that Torso activity differs from downstream ERK activity in two surprising ways: Torso activity is narrowly restricted to the poles but produces a broader gradient of ERK, and Torso activity decreases over developmental time while ERK activity is sustained. This decrease in Torso activity is driven by ERK pathway-dependent negative feedback. Our results suggest an updated model of terminal patterning where a narrow domain of Torso activity, tuned in amplitude by negative feedback, locally activates signaling effectors which diffuse through the syncytial embryo to form the ERK gradient. Altogether, this work highlights the usefulness of pYtags for investigating receptor-level regulation of developmental patterning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ho, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim-Yip, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpkins, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farahani, P. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oatman, H. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Posfai, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shvartsman, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toettcher, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.06.631605</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In vivo measurements of receptor tyrosine kinase activity reveal feedback regulation of a developmental gradient]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.01.09.632202v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dose-dependent sensitivity of human 3D chromatin to a heart disease-linked transcription factor 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.01.09.632202v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dosage-sensitive transcription factors (TFs) underlie altered gene regulation in human developmental disorders, and cell-type specific gene regulation is linked to the reorganization of 3D chromatin during cellular differentiation. Here, we show dose-dependent regulation of chromatin organization by the congenital heart disease (CHD)- linked, lineage-restricted TF TBX5 in human cardiomyocyte differentiation. Genome organization, including compartments, topologically associated domains, and chromatin loops, are sensitive to reduced TBX5 dosage in a human model of CHD, with variations in response across individual cells. Regions normally bound by TBX5 are especially sensitive, while co-occupancy with CTCF partially protects TBX5-bound TAD boundaries and loop anchors. These results highlight the importance of lineage-restricted TF dosage in cell-type specific 3D chromatin dynamics, suggesting a new mechanism for TF-dependent disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Grant, Z. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horrillo, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kameswaran, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joubran, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lau, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartosik, W. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zemke, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kathiriya, I. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pollard, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruneau, B. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.09.632202</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dose-dependent sensitivity of human 3D chromatin to a heart disease-linked transcription factor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.01.22.634275v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Innate Immune Memory is Stimulus Specific 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.01.22.634275v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Innate immune memory (also termed trained immunity) is defined in part by its ability to cross-protect against heterologous pathogens, and can be generated by many different stimuli, suggesting a "universal" trained state. However, different stimuli could form distinct memories, leading to stimulus-specific trained responses. Here, we use primary human monocyte-derived macrophages to demonstrate phenotypic and epigenetic stimulus specificity of innate immune memory six days after initial exposure. Quantification of cytokine production with single-molecule RNA imaging demonstrates stimulus-specific patterns of response to restimulation at the single cell level. Differential licensing of inflammatory transcription factors is associated with encoding of specificities in chromatin. Trained cells show stronger responses to secondary stimuli that are more similar to the initial stimulus they experienced, suggesting a functional role for these stimulus-specific memories. Rather than activating a universal training state, our findings demonstrate that different stimuli impart specific memories that generate distinct training phenotypes in macrophages.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>O'Farrell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Eyndhoven, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarma, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raj, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.22.634275</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Innate Immune Memory is Stimulus Specific]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.02.18.638941v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanisms of enhanced or impaired DNA target selectivity driven by protein dimerization 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.02.18.638941v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Successful DNA transcription demands coordination between proteins that bind DNA while simultaneously binding to one another to form dimers or higher-order complexes. For proteins with numerous DNA targets throughout the genome, measurements that report on their dwell time or occupancy thus represent a convolution over a population interacting with specific DNA, nonspecific DNA, or protein partners on DNA. Dimerization is known to add contacts that can help a single protein to stably bind DNA. However, we show here that dimerization can also impair measured dwell times and occupancy on target sequences because the population redistributes across DNA. We combine mass-action kinetic models of pairwise reversible reactions between proteins and DNA with theory and spatial stochastic simulations to isolate the role of dimerization on observed DNA dwell times, occupancy, and spatial distribution of proteins on DNA. Three key themes emerge: (i) Protein-protein interactions, in addition to protein-DNA interactions, can localize a protein to DNA, and relative binding rates can thus widely tune dwell times. (ii) Dimensional reduction achieved through nonspecific binding and subsequent 1D diffusion controls the order-of-magnitude of enhancements despite nucleosome barriers. (iii) Dimerization enhances selectivity for locally clustered targets and often impairs binding to widely-spaced targets by sequestration. Compared with ChIP-seq data, our model explains how the distribution of the essential GAF protein throughout the genome is highly selective for clustered targets due to protein interactions. This model framework predicts when even weak dimerization can redistribute and stabilize proteins on DNA as a necessary part of transcription.

SignificanceTranscription of DNA into RNA relies on a globally orchestrated but microscopically stochastic recruitment of multiple proteins to targeted DNA sequences. DNA binding is only a first step. Here we show how proteins with many targets throughout the genome can use protein-protein dimerization to not only help proteins bind DNA, but also to redistribute the population genome-wide, significantly enhancing or impairing dwell times and target occupancies dependent on target spacing. Using theory and simulations along with experimental comparison, outcomes depend on protein-to-target ratios, dimensional gains of 1D searchers, and relative binding rates. Our relatively simple formulas predict how these factors yield negligible or dramatic changes in target selection, with direct mapping to experimental measurements on essential transcription factors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.18.638941</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanisms of enhanced or impaired DNA target selectivity driven by protein dimerization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.01.12.632634v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cis-regulatory chromatin contacts form de novo in the absence of loop extrusion 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.01.12.632634v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
NIPBL promotes chromatin loop extrusion by the cohesin complex until it stalls at convergently oriented CTCF sites, leading to the formation of structural loops. However, to what extent loop extrusion contributes to the establishment vs maintenance of cis-regulatory element (CRE) connectivity is poorly understood. Here, we explored the de novo establishment of chromatin folding patterns at the mitosis-to-G1-phase transition upon acute NIPBL loss. NIPBL depletion primarily impaired the formation of cohesin-mediated structural loops with NIPBL dependence being proportional to loop length. In contrast, the majority of CRE loops were established independently of loop extrusion regardless of length. However, NIPBL depletion slowed the re-formation of CRE loops with weak enhancers. Transcription of genes at NIPBL-independent loop anchors was activated normally in the absence of NIPBL. In sum, establishment of most regulatory contacts and gene transcription following mitotic exit is independent of loop extrusion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aboreden, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shan, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blobel, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.12.632634</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cis-regulatory chromatin contacts form de novo in the absence of loop extrusion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.02.10.637523v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional memory T cells are derived from exhausted clones and expanded by checkpoint blockade 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.02.10.637523v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Immune checkpoint blockade can facilitate tumor clearance by T cells, resulting in long term patient survival. However, the capacity of exhausted CD8+ T cells (Tex), present during chronic antigen exposure, to form memory after antigen clearance remains unclear. Here, we performed longitudinal single cell RNA/T cell receptor sequencing and ATAC-sequencing on antigen-specific T cells after the clearance of chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection. These data revealed the formation of a robust population of memory CD8+ T cells that transcriptionally, epigenetically, and functionally resemble central memory T cells (Tcm) that form after clearance of acute infection. To lineage trace the origin and memory recall response of Tex-derived memory clones, we utilized T cell receptor sequencing over the course of primary infection and rechallenge. We show that chronic Tcm are a clonally distinct lineage of Tex derived from progenitor exhausted cells, persist long-term in the absence of antigen, and undergo rapid clonal expansion during rechallenge. Finally, we demonstrate that PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade after chronic LCMV infection preferentially expands clones which form Tcm after clearance. Together, these data support the concept that chronically stimulated T cells form bona fide functional memory T cells through an analogous differentiation pathway to acutely stimulated T cells, which may have significant implications for enhancing immune memory to cancer through checkpoint blockade and vaccination.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Raposo, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Majidi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hiam-Galvez, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satpathy, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.10.637523</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional memory T cells are derived from exhausted clones and expanded by checkpoint blockade]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.02.10.637451v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cohesin drives chromatin scanning during the RAD51-mediated homology search. 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.02.10.637451v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cohesin folds genomes into chromatin loops, whose roles are under debate. We report that double strand breaks (DSB) induce de novo formation of chromatin loops, with the break positioned at the loop base. These loops form only in S/G2 phases and occur during repair via homologous recombination (HR), concomitant with DNA end resection and RAD51 assembly. RAD51 showed two-tiered accumulation around DSBs, with a broad (~Mb) domain arising from the homology search. This domain is regulated by cohesin unloader, is constrained by TAD boundaries, and it overlaps with chromatin regions reeled through the break-anchored loop, suggesting that loop extrusion regulates the homology search. Indeed, depletion of NIPBL results in reduced HR, and this effect is more pronounced when the HR donor is far (~100 kb) from the break. Our data indicates that loop-extruding cohesin promotes the mammalian homology search by facilitating break-chromatin interactions within the damaged TAD.

One-Sentence SummaryHigh spatiotemporal resolution analysis of double strand beak repair in 3D genome revealed the role of cohesin-driven loop extrusion in the homology search.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Marin-Gonzalez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rybczynski, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nilavar, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karwacki- Neisius, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aviles-Vazquez, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanemaki, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scully, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ha, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.10.637451</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cohesin drives chromatin scanning during the RAD51-mediated homology search.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.01.30.635789v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
B cell stimulation changes the structure and higher-order organization of the inactive X chromosome 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.01.30.635789v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
X Chromosome Inactivation (XCI) equalizes X-linked gene expression between sexes. B cells exhibit dynamic XCI, with Xist RNA/heterochromatic marks absent on the inactive X (Xi) in naive B cells but returning following mitogenic stimulation. The impact of dynamic XCI on Xi structure and maintenance was previously unknown. Here, we find dosage compensation of the Xi with state-specific XCI escape genes in naive and in vitro activated B cells. Allele-specific OligoPaints indicate similar Xi and Xa territories in B cells that are less compact than in fibroblasts. Allele-specific Hi-C reveals a lack of TAD-like structures on the Xi of naive B cells, and stimulation-induced alterations in TAD-like boundary strength independent of gene expression. Notably, Xist deletion in B cells changes TAD boundaries and large-scale Xi compaction. Altogether, our results uncover B cell-specific Xi plasticity which could underlie sex-biased biological mechanisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Toothacre, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anguera, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sierra, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.30.635789</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[B cell stimulation changes the structure and higher-order organization of the inactive X chromosome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.03.22.644756v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rewired m6A methylation of promoter antisense RNAs in Alzheimer disease regulates global gene transcription in the 3D nucleome 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.03.22.644756v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent internal RNA modification that can impact mRNA expression post-transcriptionally. Recent progress indicates that m6A also acts on nuclear or chromatin-associated RNAs to impact transcriptional and epigenetic processes. However, the landscapes and functional roles of m6A in human brains and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimers disease (AD), have been under-explored. Here, we examined RNA m6A methylome using total RNA-seq and meRIP-seq in middle frontal cortex tissues of post-mortem human brains from individuals with AD and age-matched counterparts. Our results revealed AD-associated alteration of m6A methylation on both mRNAs and various noncoding RNAs. Notably, a series of promoter antisense RNAs (paRNAs) displayed cell-type-specific expression and changes in AD, including one produced adjacent to the MAPT locus that encodes the Tau protein. We found that MAPT-paRNA is enriched in neurons, and m6A positively controls its expression. In iPSC-derived human excitatory neurons, MAPT-paRNA promotes expression of hundreds of genes related to neuronal and synaptic functions, including a key AD resilience gene MEF2C, and plays a neuroprotective role against excitotoxicity. By examining RNA-DNA interactome in the three-dimensional (3D) nuclei of human brains, we demonstrated that brain paRNAs can interact with both cis- and trans-chromosomal target genes to impact their transcription. These data together reveal previously unexplored landscapes and functions of noncoding RNAs and m6A methylome in brain gene regulation, neuronal survival and AD pathogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>LI, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.22.644756</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rewired m6A methylation of promoter antisense RNAs in Alzheimer disease regulates global gene transcription in the 3D nucleome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.03.06.641951v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sequencing-free whole genome spatial transcriptomics at molecular resolution in intact tissue 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.03.06.641951v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent breakthroughs in spatial transcriptomics technologies have enhanced our understanding of diverse cellular identities, compositions, interactions, spatial organizations, and functions. Yet existing spatial transcriptomics tools are still limited in either transcriptomic coverage or spatial resolution. Leading spatial-capture or spatial-tagging transcriptomics techniques that rely on in-vitro sequencing offer whole-transcriptome coverage, in principle, but at the cost of lower spatial resolution compared to image-based techniques. In contrast, high-performance image-based spatial transcriptomics techniques, which rely on in situ hybridization or in situ sequencing, achieve single-molecule spatial resolution and retain sub-cellular morphologies, but are limited by probe libraries that target only a subset of the transcriptome, typically covering several hundred to a few thousand transcript species. Together, these limitations hinder unbiased, hypothesis-free transcriptomic analyses at high spatial resolution. Here we develop a new image-based spatial transcriptomics technology termed Reverse-padlock Amplicon Encoding FISH (RAEFISH) with whole-genome level coverage while retaining single-molecule spatial resolution in intact tissues. We demonstrate image-based spatial transcriptomics targeting 23,000 human transcript species or 22,000 mouse transcript species, including nearly the entire protein-coding transcriptome and several thousand long-noncoding RNAs, in single cells in cultures and in tissue sections. Our analyses reveal differential subcellular localizations of diverse transcripts, cell-type-specific and cell-type-invariant tissue zonation dependent transcriptome, and gene expression programs underlying preferential cell-cell interactions. Finally, we further develop our technology for direct spatial readout of gRNAs in an image-based high-content CRISPR screen. Overall, these developments provide the research community with a broadly applicable technology that enables high-coverage, high-resolution spatial profiling of both long and short, native and engineered RNA species in many biomedical contexts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.06.641951</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sequencing-free whole genome spatial transcriptomics at molecular resolution in intact tissue]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.03.23.644697v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human Body Single-Cell Atlas of 3D Genome Organization and DNA Methylation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.03.23.644697v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Higher-order chromatin structure and DNA methylation are critical for gene regulation, but how these vary across the human body remains unclear. We performed multi-omic profiling of 3D genome structure and DNA methylation for 86,689 single nuclei across 16 human tissues, identifying 35 major and 206 cell subtypes. We revealed extensive changes in CG and non-CG methylation across almost all cell types and characterized 3D chromatin structure at an unprecedented cellular resolution. Intriguingly, extensive discrepancies exist between cell types delineated by DNA methylation and genome structure, indicating that the role of distinct epigenomic features in maintaining cell identity may vary by lineage. This study expands our understanding of the diversity of DNA methylation and chromatin structure and offers an extensive reference for exploring gene regulation in human health and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castanon, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartlett, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clock, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marcotte, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nery, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liem, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Claffey, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boggeman, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barragan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>eDrigo, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weimer, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper-Knock, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snyder, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preissl, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Connor, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixon, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ecker, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.23.644697</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human Body Single-Cell Atlas of 3D Genome Organization and DNA Methylation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.03.19.644148v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mosaic H3K9me3 at BREACHes predicts synaptic gene expression associated with fragile X syndrome cognitive severity 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.03.19.644148v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Diseases vary in clinical presentation across individuals despite the same molecular diagnosis. In fragile X syndrome (FXS), mutation-length expansion of a CGG short tandem repeat (STR) in FMR1 causes reduced gene expression and FMRP loss. Nevertheless, FMR1 and FMRP are limited predictors of adaptive functioning and cognition in FXS patients, suggesting that molecular correlates of clinical measures would add diagnostic value. We recently uncovered Megabase-scale domains of heterochromatin (BREACHes) in FXS patient-derived iPSCs. Here, we identify BREACHes in FXS brain tissue (N=4) and absent from sex/age-matched neurotypical controls (N=4). BREACHes span >250 genes and exhibit patient-specific H3K9me3 variation. Using N=4 FXS iPSC lines and N=7 single-cell isogenic FXS iPSC subclones, we observe a strong correlation between inter-sample H3K9me3 variation and heterogeneous BREACH gene repression. We demonstrate improved prediction of cognitive metrics in FXS patients with an additive model of blood FMRP and mRNA levels of H3K9me3-mosaic, but not H3K9me3-invariant, BREACH genes. Our results highlight the utility of H3K9me3 variation at BREACHes for identifying genes associated with FXS clinical metrics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pham, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malachowski, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillips-Cremins, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.19.644148</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mosaic H3K9me3 at BREACHes predicts synaptic gene expression associated with fragile X syndrome cognitive severity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.04.21.649818v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multimodal control of Cas13 activity through domain insertion at an allosteric hotspot 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.04.21.649818v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CRISPR-Cas13 RNA nucleases have emerged as powerful tools for programmable RNA targeting. A light-controlled RNA nuclease could be transformative by enabling researchers to selectively knock down transcripts at desired positions in a cell or tissue or at timepoints of interest. Here, we develop a set of multimodal RfxCas13d tools that can be controlled by either light or small molecule addition. Screening an RfxCas13d library containing insertions of the AsLOV2 photoswitchable domain revealed an OptoCas13d-off variant that induced target RNA cleavage in the dark and switched to an inactive state under blue light. Insertion at this same allosteric hotspot could be further exploited to generate an OptoCas13d-on with the opposite light dependence and a ChemoCas13d that is activated upon the addition of rapamycin analogs. Through biochemical assays, we showed that AsLOV2 domain switching did not substantially affect Cas13d-RNA complex formation, indicating allosteric control over Cas13d catalytic activity. We applied the OptoCas13d-on system to target several endogenous transcripts and showed that it exhibited efficient mRNA knockdown only upon blue light illumination. Overall, our results demonstrate that engineered OptoCas13d can achieve cellular RNA modulation with high spatial and temporal precision.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bell, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillmann, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oatman, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hariri, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myhrvold, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toettcher, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.21.649818</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multimodal control of Cas13 activity through domain insertion at an allosteric hotspot]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.03.27.645817v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Kinetic organization of the genome revealed by ultra-resolution, multiscale live imaging 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.03.27.645817v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the last decade, sequencing methods like Hi-C have made it clear the genome is intricately folded, and that this organization contributes significantly to the control of gene expression and thence cell fate and behavior. Single-cell DNA tracing microscopy and polymer physics-based simulations of genome folding have proposed these population-scale patterns arise from motor- driven, heterogeneous movement, rather than stable 3D genomic architecture, implying that motion, rather than structure, is key to understanding genome function. However, tools to directly observe this motion in vivo have been limited in coverage and resolution. Here we describe TRansposon Assisted Chromatin Kinetic Imaging Technology (TRACK-IT), which combines a suite of imaging and labeling improvements to achieve ultra-resolution in space and time, with self-mapping transposons to distribute labels across the chromosome, uncovering dynamic behaviors across four orders of magnitude of genomic separation. We find that sequences separated by sub-megabase distances, typically 200-500 nm of nanometers apart, can transition to close proximity in tens of seconds - faster than previously hypothesized. This rapid motion is dependent upon cohesin and is exhibited only within certain genomic domains. Domain borders act as kinetic impediments to this search process, substantially slowing the rate and frequency of the transition to proximity. The genomic separation-dependent scaling of the search time for cis-interactions within a domain violates predictions of diffusion, suggesting motor driven folding. This distinctive scaling is lost following cohesin depletion, replaced with a behavior consistent with diffusion. Finally, we found cohesin containing cells exhibited rare, processive movements, not seen in cohesin depleted cells. These processive trajectories exhibit extrusion rates of [~]2.7 kb/s across three distinct genomic intervals, faster than recent in vitro measurements and prior estimates from in vivo data. Taken together, these results reveal a genome in motion across multiple genomic and temporal scales, where motor-dependent extrusion divides the sequence, not into spatially separate domains, but into kinetically separated domains that experience accelerated local search.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaudin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spakowitz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boettiger, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.27.645817</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Kinetic organization of the genome revealed by ultra-resolution, multiscale live imaging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.04.25.650475v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Heterogeneous therapy-resistant cancer cells have distinct and exploitable drug sensitivity profiles 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.04.25.650475v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Resistance to targeted therapies is a significant clinical problem, but eliminating resistant cancer cells has proven difficult. One potential reason for this difficulty is heterogeneity in the resistant population: even genetically homogeneous cancer cell populations can give rise to many resistant subtypes, each potentially with specific second-line drug vulnerabilities. Using high-throughput drug screening of genetically-identical resistant clones with varying transcriptomes and morphologies, we show that each clone had a distinct drug sensitivity profile. These results suggested that there are drugs that are effective against only subsets of resistant populations but in combination eliminate a large proportion of the resistant population. Using the individual clone sensitivity profiles, we prospectively identified combinations that were highly effective at eliminating most of the resistant population. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of "subpopulation-directed synergy", showing that considering population heterogeneity can reveal therapeutic opportunities otherwise masked by population averages, offering new strategies to combat therapy resistance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Busch, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boe, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruener, R. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnett, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravindran, P. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herlyn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raj, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.25.650475</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Heterogeneous therapy-resistant cancer cells have distinct and exploitable drug sensitivity profiles]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.05.16.654515v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Oncogenic drivers shape the tumor microenvironment in human gliomas 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.05.16.654515v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gliomas are aggressive and heterogeneous brain tumors with limited treatment options. While oncogenic mutations in gliomas have been well-characterized, their impact on the tumor microenvironment remains poorly understood. To investigate how genomic alterations may influence the glioma microenvironment, we performed an integrative multiomic and spatial transcriptomic analysis of 93 glioma samples (46 IDH-mutant gliomas and 47 IDH-wildtype glioblastoma) from 69 patients representing both primary and recurrent stages. Using whole-genome sequencing, chromatin conformation capture (Hi-C), RNA-seq, and single-cell spatial transcriptomics (Xenium), we defined how major driver mutations influence spatial tumor organization. We found that IDH-mutant gliomas frequently harbored inflammatory microglia expressing CX3CR1 specifically within their astrocyte-like malignant neighborhoods. In contrast, glioblastomas demonstrated relatively higher T-cell infiltration and enrichment of immunosuppressive myeloid cell populations. We further compared glioblastomas harboring EGFR amplifications due to extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) amplifications versus linear chromosomal 7 gains. Tumors with EGFR ecDNA displayed increased presence of mesenchymal-like malignant cells, and higher interactions between pericytes and mesenchymal-like malignant cells, likely driven by hypoxia-associated vascular proliferation. Our findings reveal that the mode of oncogene amplification--linear versus ecDNA--shapes distinct tumor architectures and transcriptional dynamics. Taken together, our study highlights the role of oncogenic drivers in shaping the glioma microenvironment, revealing subtype-specific cellular ecosystems that could inform targeted therapeutic strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, C. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keal, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchell, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin-Barrio, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weinberg, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huse, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixon, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lang, F. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akdemir, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.16.654515</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Oncogenic drivers shape the tumor microenvironment in human gliomas]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.05.21.655426v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rate Limiting Enzymes in Nucleotide Metabolism Synchronize Nucleotide Biosynthesis and Chromatin Formation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.05.21.655426v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromatin formation requires both an adequate nucleotide supply and sufficient availability of histones. Chromatin must be assembled following DNA-based fundamental cellular processes such as replication and transcription to preserve genome integrity. Chromatin assembly is regulated by the orderly engagement of histones with a series of histone chaperones that guide newly synthesized histones from ribosomes to DNA. Although the synthesis of nucleotides and the histone proteins are the two major biosynthetic processes that complete the formation of chromatin, how these processes are coordinated remains unknown. Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetases (PRPSs) catalyze the first and rate-limiting step in the nucleotide biosynthesis pathway. PRPS enzymes form a complex with PRPS-associated proteins (PRPSAPs). In the present study, we discover that PRPS-PRPSAP enzyme complex are part of histone chaperone network. We show that PRPS enzymes are essential not only for nucleotide biogenesis, but together with PRPSAP also play a key role in the early steps in the process of histone maturation by regulating the interaction of histone chaperones with histone H3 and H4. Importantly, this regulation is separate from PRPS nucleotide biosynthetic activity. Depletion of PRPS proteins leads to limited histone availability and impaired chromatin assembly. Our discovery bridges cellular metabolism and chromatin regulation and provides the evidence of how nucleotide biogenesis and histone deposition are coordinated.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Srivastava, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samaniego-Castruita, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khurana, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shukla, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ben-Sahra, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foltz, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.21.655426</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rate Limiting Enzymes in Nucleotide Metabolism Synchronize Nucleotide Biosynthesis and Chromatin Formation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.05.23.655761v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nonrandom interchromatin trafficking through dynamic multiphase speckle connections 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.05.23.655761v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nuclear speckles (NS) enhance the expression of NS-associated genes, possibly by elevating local levels of factors involved in multiple steps of gene expression. While dozens of large NS are distributed throughout interchromatin regions, the extent to which NS components dynamically redistribute between NS to adjust to local physiological demands remains unknown. Here we used live-cell imaging of endogenous NS proteins to identify an interchromatin network of connections that functionally link NS throughout the nucleus. Over timescales ranging from tens of seconds to minutes, NS material undergoes bulk transfer through these connections. Multiphase NS-connecting structures form through the dynamic juxtapositions of multiple NS component phases. Each phase exhibits distinct yet recurrent viscoelastic dynamics, but together, they integrate into a more stable, multiphase, NS-connecting structure in an ATP-and transcription-dependent manner. Our findings reveal the existence of a cellular mechanism that facilitates coordinated inter-NS protein trafficking through multiphase connections.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, G. A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venkata, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, K. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belmont, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.23.655761</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nonrandom interchromatin trafficking through dynamic multiphase speckle connections]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.06.27.661951v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lineage memory shapes viral resistance barriers in human skin 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.06.27.661951v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Individual cells within a given population exhibit striking variability in viral susceptibility, but it remains unknown whether this heterogeneity reflects memories encoded into the cellular lineage or true probabilistic variability. We used multi-color lineage tracing in a human primary organotypic skin model to reveal that viral resistance is encoded within specific cellular lineages. These lineages create distinct boundaries that block viral spread. Our lineage analyses in vitro confirmed that viral susceptibility exhibits strong heritability across cell generations, with siblings and cousins displaying remarkably similar infection outcomes. ATAC and proteomics profiling of resistant and susceptible clones revealed distinct epigenomic and proteomic states, with the transcription factor AP-1 emerging as a potential central regulator of lineage-encoded viral resistance. Inducing AP-1 activity with PMA rendered cells resistant to viral infection, suggesting a causative role in mediating resistance memory. Our findings demonstrate that antiviral resistance in human skin cells is encoded within cellular lineages and preserved through cell divisions, revealing how cell memory may shape infection dynamics and viral containment in tissues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Van Eyndhoven, L. C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinsler, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Farrell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abderrahim, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srivastav, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Triandafillou, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greco, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaret, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cristea, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orzalli, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drayman, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raj, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.27.661951</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lineage memory shapes viral resistance barriers in human skin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.07.14.664617v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell spatial mapping reveals reproducible cell type organization and spatially-dependent gene expression in gastruloids 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.07.14.664617v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gastruloids are three-dimensional stem-cell-based models that recapitulate key aspects of mammalian gastrulation, including formation of an anterior-posterior (AP) axis. However, we do not have detailed spatial information about gene expression and cell type organization, particularly at the level of individual gastruloids. Here, we report a spatially resolved, single-cell molecular catalog of the transcriptomes of 26 individual gastruloids. We found that cell type composition and spatial organization were remarkably consistent across gastruloids. Posterior cell types formed distinct, organized clusters, while anterior cell types were more disorganized. To distinguish progressive differentiation from cell type differences, we developed the L-metric, a parameter-free quantification of mutually exclusive gene expression. This analysis revealed spatial organization without explicit encoding, recapitulated known cell type relationships, and identified novel gene expression states and spatial subclusters within cell types. We confirmed that in gastruloids, NMP differentiation occurred through a continuous, spatially-coordinated process. We also showed that endothelial precursors exhibited unique spatial organization and had distinct gene expression profiles dependent on their association with anterior somitic or posterior endodermal tissues. This work enables the rigorous use of gastruloids as models for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying mammalian development and tissue organization, and introduces novel computational tools for analyzing spatially-resolved single-cell datasets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Triandafillou, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sompalle, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heyman, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raj, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.14.664617</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell spatial mapping reveals reproducible cell type organization and spatially-dependent gene expression in gastruloids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.07.12.664536v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gastruloid patterning reflects division of labor among biased stem cell clones 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.07.12.664536v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Embryonic development typically requires precise coordination among cells to achieve reproducible outcomes, leading to the assumption that cellular heterogeneity must be minimized or buffered against. Using fluorescence-based lineage tracing in combination with spatial transcriptomics, we show that, in the gastruloid model of early development, pre-existing heterogeneity promotes proper axial organization through division of labor among stem cell clones. Individual clones isolated from a common population exhibit consistent spatial propensities for anterior or posterior fates. While pure clones generate elongated structures less frequently than a polyclonal population, mixing clones restores proper axial elongation. Spatial transcriptomics reveals that pure clones show disrupted gene expression with inappropriate coexpression of anterior and posterior markers, while clone combinations restore proper spatial organization. Using RNA-seq, ATAC-seq, and perturbations to key developmental signaling pathways, we further profile differences among clones and suggest a model whereby developmental precision emerges from the coordinated action of intrinsically biased clonal populations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ayyappan, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Triandafillou, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarma, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raj, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.12.664536</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gastruloid patterning reflects division of labor among biased stem cell clones]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.07.29.667515v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Histone Acetylation Differentially Modulates CTCF-CTCF Loops and Intra-TAD Interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.07.29.667515v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cohesin complex structures the interphase genome by extruding loops and organizing topologically associating domains (TADs). While cohesin engages chromatin in context- dependent modes, the regulatory influence of chromatin state on these interactions remains unclear. Here, we show that histone hyperacetylation, induced by the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA), preferentially disrupts short-range interactions within TADs but spares CTCF-anchored loops, despite reduced cohesin occupancy at these sites. These findings point to two functionally distinct cohesin populations: a TSA- sensitive pool within TADs, likely representing extruding, non-topologically bound cohesin, and a TSA-resistant population at CTCF-CTCF anchors that maintains loops through topological entrapment. Using a semi-in vitro system with TEV-cleavable RAD21, we show that TSA-resistant cohesin at CTCF sites becomes TSA-sensitive after proteolytic cleavage that opens the cohesin ring, showing that it is the topological engagement with DNA that makes cohesin, and CTCF-CTCF loops, TSA-resistant. Notably, we also detect TSA-sensitive cohesin at CTCF sites, suggesting the presence of transient, non-encircling cohesin that either precedes conversion to the stable form or is halted by pre-existing encircling cohesin. Together, our results suggest that cohesin exists in distinct biochemical states: an extruding form found within TADs and at CTCF sites, that is sensitive to hyperacetylation, and a topologically bound form specifically at CTCF-CTCF loops that is insensitive. The former may allow dynamic changes in chromatin loops, while latter ensures robustness of CTCF-anchored loops in response to chromatin state changes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Smith, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schiela, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dautle, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azadegan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whetstine, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dekker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.29.667515</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Histone Acetylation Differentially Modulates CTCF-CTCF Loops and Intra-TAD Interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.08.11.666099v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Data Distillery: A Graph Framework for Semantic Integration and Querying of Biomedical Data 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.08.11.666099v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Data Distillery Knowledge Graph (DDKG) is a framework for semantic integration and querying of biomedical data across domains. Built for the NIH Common Fund Data Ecosystem, it supports translational research by linking clinical and experimental datasets in a unified graph model. Clinical standards such as ICD-10, SNOMED, and DrugBank are integrated through UMLS, while genomics and basic science data are structured using ontologies and standards such as HPO, GENCODE, Ensembl, STRING, and ClinVar. The DDKG uses a property graph architecture based on the UBKG infrastructure and supports ontology-based ingestion, identifier normalization, and graph-native querying. The system is modular and can be extended with new datasets or schema modules. We demonstrate its utility for informatics queries across eight use cases, including regulatory variant analysis, tissue-specific expression, biomarker discovery, and cross-species variant prioritization. The DDKG is accessible via a public interface, a programmatic API, and downloadable builds for local use.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mohseni Ahooyi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stear, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simmons, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metzger, V. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evangelista, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clarke, D. J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jenkins, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maurya, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramachandran, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fahy, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imam, F. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kokash, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roth, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fullem, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jevtic, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mihajlovic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiemeyer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillespie, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schroeder, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markowski, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nedzel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hill, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Terry, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nemarich, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ardlie, K. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vora, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazumder, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ranzinger, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Bono, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subramaniam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grethe, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lambert, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Resnick, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milosavljevic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma'ayan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silverstein, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tay</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.11.666099</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Data Distillery: A Graph Framework for Semantic Integration and Querying of Biomedical Data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.08.16.669546v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reduced TBX5 dosage undermines developmental control of atrial cardiomyocyte identity in a model of human atrial disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.08.16.669546v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While atrial septal defects (ASDs) and atrial fibrillation (AF) present differently, there is evidence that they share some genetic basis. Here, we used directed differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into atrial or ventricular cardiomyocytes (CMs) to delineate gene regulatory networks (GRNs) that define each identity. We uncovered accessible chromatin regions, transcription factor motifs and key regulatory nodes specific to, or shared by, both CM types, including the transcription factor TBX5, which is linked to genetic susceptibility of ASDs and AF in humans. Complete TBX5 loss resulted in a near absence of atrial CMs with a concomitant increase in the abundance of other cell types. Reduced dosage of TBX5 in human atrial CMs caused cellular, electrophysiologic and molecular phenotypes consistent with features of atrial CM dysfunction. This included dose-dependent aberrant accessibility of many chromatin regions and perturbation of gene regulatory networks of atrial CM identity. These results suggest that, in addition to stemming from ion channel or extracellular matrix dysfunction, atrial diseases such as ASDs or AF may result from disruptions of atrial CM identity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kathiriya, I. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grant, Z. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matthews, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saucerman, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hota, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruneau, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.16.669546</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reduced TBX5 dosage undermines developmental control of atrial cardiomyocyte identity in a model of human atrial disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.08.07.669196v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Perturb-seq reveals distinct responses to pluripotency regulator dosages underlying the control of self-renewal and differentiation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.08.07.669196v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Precise regulation of transcription factor (TF) expression is critical for maintaining cell identity, but studies on how graded expression levels affect cellular phenotypes are limited. To address this gap, we employed human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) as a dynamic model to study gene dosage effects and systematically titrated key TFs NANOG and OCT4 expression using CRISPR interference (CRISPRi). We then profiled transcriptomic changes in hESCs under self-renewal and differentiation conditions using single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq). Quantitative modeling of these Perturb-seq datasets uncovers distinct response patterns for different types of genes, including a striking non-monotonic response of lineage-specific genes during differentiation, indicating that mild perturbations of hESC TFs promote differentiation while strong perturbations compromise it. These discoveries suggest that fine-tuning the dosage of stem cell TFs can enhance differentiation efficiency and underscore the importance of characterizing TF function across a gradient of expression levels.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beer, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huangfu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.07.669196</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Perturb-seq reveals distinct responses to pluripotency regulator dosages underlying the control of self-renewal and differentiation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.08.15.670620v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Super-Resolution Spatial Atlas of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Human Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.08.15.670620v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The spatial organization of viral and host components dictates the course of infection, yet the nanoscale architecture of the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle remains largely uncharted. Here, we present a comprehensive super-resolution Atlas of SARS-CoV-2 infection, systematically mapping the localization of nearly all viral proteins and RNAs in human cells. This resource reveals that the viral main protease, nsp5, localizes to the interior of double-membrane vesicles (DMVs), challenging existing models and suggesting that polyprotein processing is a terminal step in replication organelle maturation. We identify previously undescribed features of the infection landscape, including thin dsRNA "connectors" that physically link DMVs, and large, membrane-less dsRNA granules decorated with replicase components, reminiscent of viroplasms. Finally, we show that the antiviral drug nirmatrelvir induces the formation of persistent, multi-layered bodies of uncleaved polyproteins. This spatial Atlas provides a foundational resource for understanding coronavirus biology and offers crucial insights into viral replication, assembly, and antiviral mechanisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Andronov, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balaji, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moerner, W. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.15.670620</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Super-Resolution Spatial Atlas of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Human Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.08.05.668773v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-wide chromatin recording resolves dynamic cell state changes 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.08.05.668773v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding how the chromatin state of a cell influences its future behavior is a major challenge throughout biology. However, most chromatin profiling methods are limited to endpoint assays. Here, we present LagTag, a method for recovery of earlier and endpoint chromatin states in the same mammalian cells. In this approach, transient expression of bacterial adenine methyltransferase fusions records the DNA binding profiles of chromatin-associated proteins of interest at earlier timepoints. Subsequent tagmentation and sequencing recovers the earlier chromatin profile from adenine methylation profiles, alongside endpoint profiles of endogenous chromatin-associated proteins. We verified that LagTag profiles aligned with those from established methods in mouse and human cells. More importantly, LagTag was able to record and recover dynamic chromatin state transitions during mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation, capturing transcriptional signatures from pre- and post-differentiation timepoints in the same cells. LagTag thus provides a foundation for temporally resolved chromatin profiling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Takei, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lay, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Linton, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chadly, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ochiai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hadas, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanco, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laurino, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guttman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elowitz, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.05.668773</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-wide chromatin recording resolves dynamic cell state changes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.08.23.671945v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Highly active chromosome regions preferentially associate with two perispeckle networks that partition the interchromatin space 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.08.23.671945v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A subset of highly active chromosomal "hot zones" reproducibly positions adjacent to nuclear speckles (NS). Genes within these regions amplify their expression only with NS contact. However, gene expression differences inversely correlate with differences in NS distance, genome-wide. We hypothesized the existence of additional gene expression "niches" away from, but spatially correlated with, NS. Here we report the identification of two dynamic perispeckle patterns of protein concentrations extending outwards from NS and persisting even after NS are eliminated. Highly active chromosome regions which weakly associate with NS instead show close, NS-independent association with these perispeckle patterns. Additionally, transcripts from model intron-containing versus intronless genes associate differentially with these two patterns. While genes within NS-associated genomic regions are predominantly downregulated upon NS depletion, genes associated with perispeckle patterns are biased towards upregulation. We suggest the interchromatin space is partitioned into additional gene expression "niches"- surrounding and extending from NS - that may be involved in mRNA and gene dynamics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Venkata, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faber, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Misra, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bektash, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaturvedi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernanadez, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dopie, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanemaki, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, K. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shav-Tal, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belmont, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.23.671945</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Highly active chromosome regions preferentially associate with two perispeckle networks that partition the interchromatin space]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.08.07.669116v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Joint decomposition of Hi-C maps reveals salient features of genome architecture across tissues and development 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.08.07.669116v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The spatial organization of chromosomes in the nucleus is fundamental to cellular processes. Contact frequency maps from Hi-C and related chromosome conformation capture assays are increasingly available for a wide variety of biosamples and conditions, creating opportunities for comprehensive studies of genome compartmentalization and long-range interactions. However, the conventional dimensionality reduction approach to study long-range contact frequency profiles projects individual datasets into different and incomparable linear subspaces, making the resulting embeddings unsuitable for large-scale integrative analysis. To address this shortcoming and overcome the computational constraints involved in doing so, we introduce an analytic framework and Python toolkit that leverages incremental principal component analysis to project interchromosomal contact frequency profiles across arbitrarily many Hi-C datasets onto a common set of components or basis vectors. Our approach produces robust and directly comparable first and higher-order principal component (PC) scores that collectively capture biologically meaningful information beyond traditional A/B compartments. By applying our framework to a collection of 89 human Hi-C samples, we uncover distinct patterns of nuclear architecture reflecting cell state categories, associated with different heterochromatin state compositions. We also demonstrate that jointly-derived higher-order PCs improve the prediction of gene expression and regulatory element activity during differentiation. Together, our joint decomposition approach provides a powerful and scalable foundation for systematically investigating genome organization, providing critical insights into its role in development and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Reimonn, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yilmaz, V. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdennur, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.07.669116</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Joint decomposition of Hi-C maps reveals salient features of genome architecture across tissues and development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
</rdf:RDF>
