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	<title>bioRxiv Channel: Breakthrough Discoveries for Thriving with Bipolar Disorder</title>
	<link>https://biorxiv.org</link>
	<description>
	This feed contains articles for bioRxiv Channel "Breakthrough Discoveries for Thriving with Bipolar Disorder"
	</description>

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	<title>bioRxiv</title>
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	<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.09.06.611689v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A blended genome and exome sequencing method captures genetic variation in an unbiased, high-quality, and cost-effective manner 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.09.06.611689v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We deployed the Blended Genome Exome (BGE), a DNA library blending approach that generates low pass whole genome (1-4x mean depth) and deep whole exome (30-40x mean depth) data in a single sequencing run. This technology is cost-effective, empowers most genomic discoveries possible with deep whole genome sequencing, and provides an unbiased method to capture the diversity of common SNP variation across the globe. To evaluate this new technology at scale, we applied BGE to sequence >53,000 samples from the Populations Underrepresented in Mental Illness Associations Studies (PUMAS) Project, which included participants across African, African American, and Latin American populations. We evaluated the accuracy of BGE imputed genotypes against raw genotype calls from the Illumina Global Screening Array. All PUMAS cohorts had R2 concordance [&ge;]95% among SNPs with MAF[&ge;]1%, and never fell below [&ge;]90% R2 for SNPs with MAF<1%. Furthermore, concordance rates among local ancestries within two recently admixed cohorts were consistent among SNPs with MAF[&ge;]1%, with only minor deviations in SNPs with MAF<1%. We also benchmarked the discovery capacity of BGE to access protein-coding copy number variants (CNVs) against deep whole genome data, finding that deletions and duplications spanning at least 3 exons had a positive predicted value of [~]90%. Our results demonstrate BGE scalability and efficacy in capturing SNPs, indels, and CNVs in the human genome at 28% of the cost of deep whole-genome sequencing. BGE is poised to enhance access to genomic testing and empower genomic discoveries, particularly in underrepresented populations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Boltz, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sealock, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Majara, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Service, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medland, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chapman, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rubinacci, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeFelice, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grimsby, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abebe, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alemayehu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashaba, F. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atkinson, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bigdeli, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bradway, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brand, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chibnik, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fekadu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gatzen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gelaye, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gichuru, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gildea, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hill, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hubbard, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Injera, W. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joloba, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kachulis, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalmbach, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamulegeya, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kigen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwobah, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kyebuzibwa, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lennon, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lind, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopera-Maya, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.06.611689</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A blended genome and exome sequencing method captures genetic variation in an unbiased, high-quality, and cost-effective manner]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.04.01.646642v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Altered Protein Phosphorylation in a Novel Midbrain Organoid Model for Bipolar Disorder 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.04.01.646642v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe psychiatric condition marked by episodes of mania and depression, with neurotransmitter imbalance in the midbrain believed to play a critical role in its pathophysiology. Despite this, there is currently no validated midbrain model for examining BD-associated molecular changes available. Leveraging recent advances in stem cell technology, we developed a midbrain organoid model using human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from BD patients and healthy controls (CTR). To address issues of variability and enhance the throughput in organoid production, we implemented liquid handling and high-content imaging techniques. Quality control metrics were established to identify organoids unsuitable for further study. Electrophysiological analysis via high-density microelectrode arrays (MEAs) revealed significantly elevated neuronal properties in individual BD organoids, including increased mean amplitude, conduction velocity, and extended axonal and dendritic growth. Transcriptome and proteome analyses indicated significant dysregulation of BD-relevant signaling pathways--such as those involving phosphatidylinositol, glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta, and AKT. Notably, we identified dysregulated casein kinase 2 (CSNK2A1) and calmodulin 3 (CALM3) in BD organoids, which were reversed by lithium treatment, highlighting potential novel targets for therapeutic intervention. This study validates the midbrain organoid model as a valuable tool for exploring the molecular underpinnings of BD and identifying new treatment avenues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Meyer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodworth, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goncalves, M. C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yue, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>AlJandal, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morton, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewandowski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zigon, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fortuna, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Corral, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Budnik, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Church, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tam, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.01.646642</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Altered Protein Phosphorylation in a Novel Midbrain Organoid Model for Bipolar Disorder]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.08.23.609190v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamic convergence of autism disorder risk genes across neurodevelopment 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.08.23.609190v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Over three hundred and seventy-three risk genes, broadly enriched for roles in neuronal communication and gene expression regulation, underlie risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and developmental delay (DD). Functional genomic studies of subsets of these genes consistently indicate a convergent role in neurogenesis, but how these diverse risk genes converge on a smaller number of biological pathways in mature neurons is unclear. To uncover shared downstream impacts between neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) risk genes, here we apply a pooled CRISPR approach to contrast the transcriptomic impacts of targeting 29 NDD loss-of-function genes across human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neural progenitor cells, glutamatergic neurons, and GABAergic neurons. Points of convergence vary between the cell types of the brain and are greatest in mature glutamatergic neurons, where they broadly target not just synaptic and epigenetic, but unexpectedly, mitochondrial biology. The strongest convergent networks occur between NDD genes with common co-expression patterns in the post-mortem brain, biological annotations, and clinical associations, suggesting that convergence may one-day inform patient stratification and treatment. Towards this, ten out of eleven drugs tested that were predicted to reverse convergent signatures in human cells and/or arousal and sensory processing behaviors in zebrafish ameliorated at least one behavioral phenotype in vivo. Altogether, robust convergence in post-mitotic neurons represents a clinically actionable therapeutic window.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fernandez Garcia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Retallick-Townsley, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pruitt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fitzpatrick, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Livoti, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dossou, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheung, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deans, P. J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huckins, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffman, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brennand, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.23.609190</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamic convergence of autism disorder risk genes across neurodevelopment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.09.18.752670v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Analysis of Rare Coding Variation Identifies New Genetic Contributors to Schizophrenia 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.09.18.752670v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In this study, we present the largest rare coding variant association study of schizophrenia to date, with 87,959 schizophrenia cases and 150,587 controls. We identify 16 genes at exome-wide significance: SETD1A, ZMYM2, HERC1, RB1CC1, SCAF1, XPO7, SP4, FYN, PPP3CA, CUL1, HDAC9, JARID2, ATP9A, PTK2, STAG1, and SCN2A, and an additional 24 at a 5% false discovery rate. Cases carrying ultra-rare, damaging variants, primarily protein-truncating and deleterious missense mutations, show strong enrichment in constrained genes with consistent effects across ancestries. Half of the 40 identified genes overlap with those implicated in developmental delay, autism, or bipolar disorder, underscoring shared neurodevelopmental risk. All 40 genes identified are highly expressed in excitatory and inhibitory neurons, and their expression patterns span diverse developmental stages. Functionally, the identified genes implicate chromatin regulation, protein degradation, and synaptic function. Overall, our results advance understanding of the genetic architecture of schizophrenia, provide a foundation for modeling risk genes in cellular and animal systems, and offer a framework for future work toward biologically informed patient stratification.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sealock, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dowd, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howrigan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satterstrom, F. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Auwerx, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huai, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alemayehu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gichuru, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mwende, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newton, C. R. J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zingela, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kyebuzibwa, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stevenson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hassan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arai, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horiuchi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Itokawa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serrano, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bearden, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belangero, S. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castor Albuquerque, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crossley, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Souza Rodrigues, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz-Zuluaga, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diniz, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freitas, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gadelha, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez-Makhinson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holanda, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kopelowicz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorencetti, P. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quarantini, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramirez-Diaz, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reus, V. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sa</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-09-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.09.18.752670</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Analysis of Rare Coding Variation Identifies New Genetic Contributors to Schizophrenia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-09-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.04.10.717745v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dysregulation of Hippo Signaling Pathway as a Convergent Mechanism Underlying Choroid Plexus Defects in Bipolar Disorder 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.04.10.717745v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a prevalent and highly heritable psychiatric condition. Developmental mechanisms are implicated but the specific molecular origins remain unclear. The choroid plexus (ChP), which regulates cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain homeostasis, has been implicated in BD, but its role is poorly understood. Here, we identify aberrant expansion of ChP in human cortical (hCOs) and ChP organoids (hChPOs) derived from, and in vivo structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) scans of, individuals with BD compared to healthy comparison individuals. Single-cell transcriptomics revealed a lineage bias toward ChP fate in BD hCOs, accompanied by structural enlargement observed in both BD hChPOs and ChP in sMRI scans from individuals with BD. Comprehensive transcriptomic profiling implicates early hyperactivation of the Hippo signaling pathway in neural progenitor cells as a convergent mechanism driving ChP overgrowth. Whole-genome and genome-wide association study analyses highlight recurrent genetic variants in Hippo regulators, including STK4 and YAP1, suggesting genetic priming. BD hChPOs exhibit disrupted epithelial junctions and altered in vitro CSF secretion. These findings position the ChP as a genetically and developmentally predisposed to pathology in BD and highlight organoids as a platform for translational discovery in diagnostics and therapeutics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choe, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaya, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiral, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scandura, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cha, H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jonas, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blumberg, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, I.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.10.717745</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dysregulation of Hippo Signaling Pathway as a Convergent Mechanism Underlying Choroid Plexus Defects in Bipolar Disorder]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.06.03.730017v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell-type targeted CRISPR/Cas9 Clock knockdown in mouse VTA dopamine neurons alter sleep, behavior, and cellular excitability 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.06.03.730017v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe psychiatric disease characterized by recurrent mania, depression, and circadian rhythm disruption. Among circadian regulators implicated in mood-related dysfunction, Clock has emerged as a particularly strong mechanistic candidate. However, cell type-specific functions of Clock within mood-relevant circuits remain incompletely defined. Here, we developed and applied a Cre-dependent AAV-SaCas9 gene-editing strategy to disrupt Clock selectively in ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons. We first established a rapid in vitro screening pipeline for guide RNA selection that accurately predicted in vivo editing efficiency. We then targeted Clock in vivo using a single AAV-based editing strategy and observed robust titer-dependent reduction of Clock expression, by targeted sequencing, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry. We assessed the functional consequences of Clock disruption across analysis levels, including a behavioral battery, circadian and sleep-wake measurements using EEG and EMG, and electrophysiological recordings. These results establish a practical framework for rapid, cell-type-specific disruption of candidate psychiatric risk genes and provide a mechanistically grounded model for investigating how loss of Clock function in mesolimbic dopaminergic circuits contributes to BD-relevant phenotypes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ju, Y. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sianati, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egebjerg, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, O. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Criswell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luff, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stralka, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knapp, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Lecea, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kozorovitskiy, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kauer, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fenno, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-06-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.06.03.730017</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell-type targeted CRISPR/Cas9 Clock knockdown in mouse VTA dopamine neurons alter sleep, behavior, and cellular excitability]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-06-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
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