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	<title>bioRxiv Channel: Vienna BioCenter</title>
	<link>https://biorxiv.org</link>
	<description>
	This feed contains articles for bioRxiv Channel "Vienna BioCenter"
	</description>

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	<prism:publicationName>bioRxiv</prism:publicationName>
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	<title>bioRxiv</title>
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	<link>https://biorxiv.org</link>
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	<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.03.19.998716v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Zebrafish Ski7 tunes RNA levels during the oocyte-to-embryo transition 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.03.19.998716v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Post-transcriptional mechanisms are crucial for the regulation of gene expression. These mechanisms are particularly important during rapid developmental transitions such as the oocyte-to-embryo transition, which is characterized by dramatic changes to the developmental program in the absence of nuclear transcription. Under these conditions, changes to the RNA content are solely dependent on RNA degradation. Although several mechanisms that promote RNA decay during embryogenesis have been identified, it remains unclear which cellular machineries contribute to remodeling the maternal transcriptome during the oocyte-to-embryo transition. Here, we focused on the auxiliary 3-to-5 degradation factor Ski7 in zebrafish as its mRNA peaks during this time frame. Homozygous ski7 mutant fish were viable and developed into morphologically normal adults, yet they had decreased fertility. Consistent with the idea that Ski7 participates in remodeling the transcriptome during the oocyte-to-embryo transition, transcriptome profiling identified stage-specific mRNA targets of Ski7. Genes upregulated in ski7 mutants were generally lowly expressed in wild type, suggesting that Ski7 maintains low transcript levels for this subset of genes. GO enrichment analyses of genes mis-regulated in ski7 mutants implicated Ski7 in the regulation of redox processes. This was confirmed experimentally by an increased resistance of ski7 mutant embryos to reductive stress. Overall, our results provide first insights into the physiological role of vertebrate Ski7 as an important post-transcriptional regulator during the oocyte-to-embryo transition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cabrera Quio, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schleiffer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mechtler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pauli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.19.998716</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Zebrafish Ski7 tunes RNA levels during the oocyte-to-embryo transition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.06.240564v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ubiquitous selfish toxin-antidote elements in Caenorhabditis species 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.06.240564v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Toxin-antidote elements (TAs) are selfish genetic dyads that spread in populations by selectively killing non-carriers. TAs are common in prokaryotes, but few examples are known in animals. We discovered five maternal-effect TAs in the nematode Caenorhabditis tropicalis and one in C. briggsae. Unlike previously reported TAs, five of these novel toxins do not kill embryos but instead cause larval arrest or developmental delay. We identified the genes underlying a TA causing developmental delay, slow-1/grow-1, and found that the toxin, slow-1, is homologous to nuclear hormone receptors. Last, we found that balancing selection of conflicting TAs hampers their ability to drive in populations, leading to more stable genetic incompatibilities. Our results show that TAs are common in Caenorhabditis species, target a wide range of developmental processes, and may act as barriers preventing gene flow.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ben-David, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pliota, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Widen, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koreshova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemus-Vergara, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verpukhovskiy, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mandali, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braendle, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burga, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kruglyak, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.06.240564</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ubiquitous selfish toxin-antidote elements in Caenorhabditis species]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.27.117952v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex generates heterotypic ubiquitin chains 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.27.117952v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) is the only known ubiquitin ligase that generates linear/Met1-linked ubiquitin chains. One of the LUBAC components, HOIL-1L, was recently shown to catalyse oxyester bond formation between the C-terminus of ubiquitin and some substrates. However, oxyester bond formation in the context of LUBAC has not been directly observed. We present the first 3D reconstruction of LUBAC obtained by electron microscopy and report its generation of heterotypic ubiquitin chains containing linear linkages with oxyester-linked branches. We found that addition of the oxyester-bound branches depends on HOIL-1L catalytic activity. We suggest a coordinated ubiquitin relay mechanism between the HOIP and HOIL-1L ligases supported by cross-linking mass spectrometry data, which show proximity between the catalytic RBR domains. Mutations in the linear ubiquitin chain-binding NZF domain of HOIL-1L reduces chain branching confirming its role in the process. In cells, these heterotypic chains were induced by TNF. In conclusion, we demonstrate that LUBAC assembles heterotypic ubiquitin chains with linear and oxyester-linked branches by the concerted action of HOIP and HOIL-1L.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Carvajal, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vogel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sonn-Segev, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schodl, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deszcz, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orban-Nemeth, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sakamoto, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mechtler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kukura, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clausen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haselbach, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ikeda, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.27.117952</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex generates heterotypic ubiquitin chains]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.09.194886v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unravelling the developmental roadmap towards human brown adipose tissue 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.09.194886v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Increasing brown adipose tissue (BAT) mass and activation has been proposed as a potential therapeutic strategy to treat obesity and associated cardiometabolic complications. Given that obese and diabetic patients possess low amounts of BAT, an efficient way to expand their BAT mass would be necessary if BAT is to be useful. Currently, there is limited knowledge about how human BAT develops, differentiates, and is optimally activated. Moreover, to have access to human BAT is challenging, given its low volume and being anatomically dispersed. These constrain makes detailed mechanistic studies related to BAT development and function in humans virtually impossible. To overcome these limitations, we have developed a human-relevant new protocol for the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into brown adipocytes (BAs). Unique to this protocol is that it is chemically-defined to recapitulate a physiological step-by-step developmental path of BAT that captures transient paraxial mesoderm and BAT progenitor states, on its way to reaching the adipocyte stage finally. These hPSC-derived BAs express brown adipocyte and thermogenic markers, are insulin sensitive, and respond to {beta}-adrenergic stimuli. This new protocol is a scalable tool to study human BAs during development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stefania Carobbio</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anne-Claire Guenantin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myriam Bahri</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isabella Samuelson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Floris Honig</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sonia Rodriguez-Fdez</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kathleen Long</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ioannis Kamzolas</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sherine Awad</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunja Lukovic</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slaven Erceg</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrew R Bassett</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sasha Mendjan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ludovic vallier</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barry S Rosen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davide Chiarugi</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antonio Vidal-Puig</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.09.194886</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unravelling the developmental roadmap towards human brown adipose tissue]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/598094v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular archaeology of the human brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/598094v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mapping the origin of human cognitive traits typically relies on comparing behavioral or neuroanatomical features in human phylogeny. However, such studies rely on inferences from comparative relationships and do not incorporate neurogenetic information, as these approaches are restricted to experimentally accessible species. Here, we fused evolutionary genomics with human functional neuroanatomy to reconstruct the neurogenetic evolution of human brain functions more directly and comprehensively. Projecting genome-wide selection pressure (dN/dS ratios) in sets of chronologically ordered mammalian species onto the human brain reference space unmasked spatial patterns of cumulative neurogenetic selection and co-evolving brain networks from task-evoked functional MRI and functional neuroanatomy. Importantly, this evolutionary atlas allowed imputing functional features to archaic brains from extinct hominin genomes. These data suggest accelerated neurogenetic selection for language and verbal communication across all hominin lineages. In addition, the predictions identified strategic thought and decision making as the dominant traits that may have separated anatomically modern humans (AMH) from archaic hominins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kaczanowska, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ganglberger, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galik, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hess, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moodley, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buehler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haubensak, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/598094</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular archaeology of the human brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.19.210658v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Muscle cell type diversification driven by extensive gene duplications 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.19.210658v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The evolutionary mechanisms underlying the emergence of new cell types are still unclear. Here, we address the origin and diversification of muscle cells in the diploblastic sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. We discern two fast and two slow-contracting muscle cell populations in Nematostella differing by extensive sets of paralogous genes. The regulatory gene set of the slow cnidarian muscles and the bilaterian cardiac muscle are remarkably similar. By contrast, the two fast muscles differ substantially from each other, while driving the same set of paralogous structural protein genes. Our data suggest that extensive gene duplications and co-option of individual effector modules may have played an important role in cell type diversification during metazoan evolution.

One Sentence SummaryThe study of the simple sea anemone suggests a molecular mechanism for cell type evolution and morphological complexity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cole, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaul, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahnel, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steger, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimmermann, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reischl, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richards, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rentzsch, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinmetz, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Technau, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.19.210658</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Muscle cell type diversification driven by extensive gene duplications]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.01.018192v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
araDEEPopsis: From images to phenotypic traits using deep transfer learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.01.018192v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Linking plant phenotype to genotype, i.e., identifying genetic determinants of phenotypic traits, is a common goal of both plant breeders and geneticists. While the ever-growing genomic resources and rapid decrease of sequencing costs have led to enormous amounts of genomic data, collecting phenotypic data for large numbers of plants remains a bottleneck. Many phenotyping strategies rely on imaging plants, which makes it necessary to extract phenotypic measurements from these images rapidly and robustly. Common image segmentation tools for plant phenotyping mostly rely on color information, which is error-prone when either background or plant color deviate from the underlying expectations. We have developed a versatile, fully open-source pipeline to extract phenotypic measurements from plant images in an unsupervised manner. O_SCPLOWARAC_SCPLOWO_SCPLOWDEEPC_SCPLOWO_SCPLOWOPSISC_SCPLOW was built around the deep-learning model DeepLabV3+ that was re-trained for segmentation of Arabidopsis thaliana rosettes. It uses semantic segmentation to classify leaf tissue into up to three categories: healthy, anthocyanin-rich, and senescent. This makes O_SCPLOWARAC_SCPLOWO_SCPLOWDEEPC_SCPLOWO_SCPLOWOPSISC_SCPLOW particularly powerful at quantitative phenotyping from early to late developmental stages, of mutants with aberrant leaf color and/or phenotype, and of plants growing in stressful conditions where leaf color may deviate from green. Using our tool on a panel of 210 natural Arabidopsis accessions, we were able to not only accurately segment images of phenotypically diverse genotypes but also to map known loci related to anthocyanin production and early necrosis using the O_SCPLOWARAC_SCPLOWO_SCPLOWDEEPC_SCPLOWO_SCPLOWOPSISC_SCPLOW output in genome-wide association analyses. Our pipeline is able to handle images of diverse origins, image quality, and background composition, and could even accurately segment images of a distantly related Brassicaceae. Because it can be deployed on virtually any common operating system and is compatible with several high-performance computing environments, O_SCPLOWARAC_SCPLOWO_SCPLOWDEEPC_SCPLOWO_SCPLOWOPSISC_SCPLOW can be used independently of bioinformatics expertise and computing resources. O_SCPLOWARAC_SCPLOWO_SCPLOWDEEPC_SCPLOWO_SCPLOWOPSISC_SCPLOW is available at https://github.com/Gregor-Mendel-Institute/aradeepopsis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huether, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schandry, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jandrasits, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bezrukov, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.01.018192</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[araDEEPopsis: From images to phenotypic traits using deep transfer learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/857169v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A limited set of transcriptional programs define major histological types and provide the molecular basis for a cellular taxonomy of the human body 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/857169v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We have produced RNA sequencing data for a number of primary cells from different locations in the human body. The clustering of these primary cells reveals that most cells in the human body share a few broad transcriptional programs, which define five major cell types: epithelial, endothelial, mesenchymal, neural and blood cells. These act as basic components of many tissues and organs. Based on gene expression, these cell types redefine the basic histological types by which tissues have been traditionally classified. We identified genes whose expression is specific to these cell types, and from these genes, we estimated the contribution of the major cell types to the composition of human tissues. We found this cellular composition to be a characteristic signature of tissues, and to reflect tissue morphological heterogeneity and histology. We identified changes in cellular composition in different tissues associated with age and sex and found that departures from the normal cellular composition correlate with histological phenotypes associated to disease.

One Sentence SummaryA few broad transcriptional programs define the major cell types underlying the histology of human tissues and organs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Breschi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munoz-Aguirre, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wucher, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garrido-Martin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Djebali, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pervouchine, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vlasova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dobin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaleski, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drenkow, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danyko, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scavelli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reverter, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snyder, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gingeras, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guigo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/857169</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A limited set of transcriptional programs define major histological types and provide the molecular basis for a cellular taxonomy of the human body]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/825190v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A High-throughput Screening Method to Identify Proteins Involved in Unfolded Protein Response Signaling in Plants 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/825190v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe unfolded protein response (UPR) is a highly conserved process in eukaryotic organisms that plays a crucial role in adaptation and development. While the most ubiquitous components of this pathway have been characterized, current efforts are focused on identifying and characterizing other UPR factors that play a role in specific conditions, such as developmental changes, abiotic cues, and biotic interactions. Considering the central role of protein secretion in plant pathogen interactions, there has also been a recent focus on understanding how pathogens manipulate their hosts UPR to facilitate infection.nnResultsWe developed a high-throughput screening assay to identify proteins that interfere with UPR signaling in planta. A set of 35 genes from a library of secreted proteins from the maize pathogen Ustilago maydis were transiently co-expressed with a reporter construct that upregulates enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (eYFP) expression upon UPR stress in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. After UPR stress induction, leaf discs were placed in 96 well plates and eYFP expression was measured. This allowed us to identify a previously undescribed fungal protein that inhibits plant UPR signaling, which was then confirmed using the classical but more laborious qRT-PCR method.nnConclusionsWe have established a rapid and reliable fluorescence-based method to identify heterologously expressed proteins involved in UPR stress in plants. This system can be used for initial screens with libraries of proteins and potentially other molecules to identify candidates for further validation and characterization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alcântara, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seitner, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Navarrete, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Djamei, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/825190</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A High-throughput Screening Method to Identify Proteins Involved in Unfolded Protein Response Signaling in Plants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/844365v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fungal effector Jsi1 hijacks plant JA/ET signaling through Topless 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/844365v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ustilago maydis (U. maydis) is the causal agent of maize smut disease. During the colonization process, the fungus secretes effector proteins which suppress immune responses and redirect the host-metabolism in favor of the pathogen. Here we describe a novel strategy by which U. maydis induces plant jasmonate/ethylene (JA/ET) hormone signaling and thereby biotrophic susceptibility. The U. maydis effector Jasmonate/Ethylene signaling inducer 1 (Jsi1) possesses an ethylene-responsive element binding factor-associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) motif, DLNxxP, which interacts with the second WD40 domain of the conserved plant co-repressor family Topless/Topless related (TPL/TPR). Jsi1 interaction with TPL/TPRs leads to derepression of the ethylene response factor (ERF) branch of the JA/ET signaling pathway, supporting biotrophic susceptibility. Jsi1 likely activates the ERF branch by interfering with the binding of endogenous DLNxxP motif-containing ERF transcription factors to TPL/TPR proteins. The identification of effector proteins possessing a DLNxxP motif in different fungal species with biotrophic and hemibiotrophic lifestyles together with the validation of the interaction between such effectors from Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae), Sporisorium scitamineum (S. scitamineum), and S. reilianum with TPL proteins indicates the convergent evolution of effectors for modulating the TPL/TPR co-repressor hub.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Darino, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marques, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chia, K.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aleksza, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soto, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uhse, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Betz, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bindics, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>zienkiewicz, k.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feussner, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petit-Houdenot, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Djamei, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/844365</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fungal effector Jsi1 hijacks plant JA/ET signaling through Topless]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/851980v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Native mass spectrometry can effectively predict PROTAC efficacy 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/851980v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein degraders, also known as proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs), are bifunctional small molecules that bring an E3 ubiquitin ligase and a protein of interest (POI) into proximity, thus promoting ubiquitination and degradation of the targeted POI [1-3]. Despite their great promise as next-generation pharmaceutical drugs, the development of new PROTACs is challenged by the complexity of the system, which involves binary and ternary interactions between components. Here, we demonstrate the strength of native mass spectrometry (nMS), a label-free technique, to provide novel insight into PROTAC-mediated protein interactions. We show that nMS can monitor the formation of ternary E3-PROTAC-POI complexes and detect various intermediate species in a single experiment. A unique benefit of the method is its ability to reveal preferentially formed E3-PROTAC-POI combinations in competition experiments with multiple substrate proteins, thereby positioning it as an ideal high-throughput screening strategy during the development of new PROTACs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Beveridge, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kessler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rumpel, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ettmayer, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meinhart, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clausen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/851980</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Native mass spectrometry can effectively predict PROTAC efficacy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/829226v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DEK influences the trade-off between growth and arrest via H2A.Z-nucleosomes in Arabidopsis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/829226v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The decision of whether to grow and proliferate or to restrict growth and develop resilience to stress is a key biological trade-off. In plants, constitutive growth results in increased sensitivity to environmental stress1,2. The underlying mechanisms controlling this decision are however not well understood. We used temperature as a cue to discover regulators of this process in plants, as it both enhances growth and development rates within a specific range and is also a stress at extremes. We found that the conserved chromatin-associated protein DEK plays a central role in balancing the response between growth and arrest in Arabidopsis, and it does this via H2A.Z-nucleosomes. DEK target genes show two distinct categories of chromatin architecture based on the distribution of H2A.Z in +1 nucleosome and gene body, and these predict induction or repression by DEK. We show that these chromatin signatures of DEK target genes are conserved in human cells, suggesting that DEK may act through an evolutionarily conserved mechanism to control the balance between growth and arrest in plants and animals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brestovitsky, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ezer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waidmann, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maslen, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balcerowicz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cortijo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charoensawan, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinho, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rhodes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jonak, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wigge, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/829226</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DEK influences the trade-off between growth and arrest via H2A.Z-nucleosomes in Arabidopsis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.29.120857v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Core binding factor leukemia hijacks T-cell prone PU.1 antisense promoter 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.29.120857v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Summary paragraphThe blood system serves as a key model for cell differentiation and cancer. It is orchestrated by precise spatiotemporal expression of the hematopoietic master regulator PU.11-4. PU.1 gene expression is regulated through enhancer-promoter interactions within a topologically associated domain (TAD)5,6. PU.1 levels increase during myeloid differentiation while failure to do so results in myeloid leukemia7. In contrast, T-cell differentiation requires PU.1 to be completely switched off8-10. Little is known about the precise mechanisms of PU.1 repression, physiological as in T-cell differentiation, or pathological as in leukemia. Here we demonstrate that the down-regulation of PU.1 mRNA is a dynamic process involving an alternative promoter11 in intron 3 that is induced by RUNX transcription factors driving noncoding antisense transcription. Core binding factor (CBF) fusions, RUNX1-ETO and CBF{beta}-MYH11 in t(8;21) and inv(16) acute myeloid leukemia (AML)12, activate the PU.1 antisense promoter, thus shifting from sense towards antisense transcription and blocking myeloid differentiation. In patients with CBF-AML, we found that an elevated antisense/sense ratio represents a hallmark compared to normal karyotype AML or healthy CD34+ cells. Competitive interaction of the enhancer with the proximal or the antisense promoter are at the heart of differential PU.1 expression during myeloid and T-cell development. Leukemic CBF fusions thus utilize a physiologic mechanism employed by T-cells to decrease sense PU.1 transcription. Our results identify the first example of a sense/antisense promoter competition as a crucial functional switch for gene expression perturbation by oncogenes. This novel basic disease mechanism reveals a previously unknown Achilles heel for future precise therapeutic targeting of oncogene-induced chromatin remodeling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>van der Kouwe, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heller, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Czibere, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castilla, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delwel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Ruscio, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ebralidze, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forte, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kazianka, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kornauth, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lind, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monteiro Barbosa, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pichler, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pulikkan, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmolke, A.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sill, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sperr, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spittler, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trinh, B. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valent, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vanura, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welner, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuber, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tenen, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Staber, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.29.120857</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Core binding factor leukemia hijacks T-cell prone PU.1 antisense promoter]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/821447v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A synthetic peptide library for benchmarking crosslinking mass spectrometry search engines 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/821447v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We have created synthetic peptide libraries to benchmark crosslinking mass spectrometry search engines for different types of crosslinker. The unique benefit of using a library is knowing which identified crosslinks are true and which are false. Here we have used mass spectrometry data generated from measurement of the peptide libraries to evaluate the most frequently applied search algorithms in crosslinking mass-spectrometry. When filtered to an estimated false discovery rate of 5%, false crosslink identification ranged from 5.2% to 11.3% for search engines with inbuilt validation strategies for error estimation. When different external validation strategies were applied to one single search output, false crosslink identification ranged from 2.4% to a surprising 32%, despite being filtered to an estimated 5% false discovery rate. Remarkably, the use of MS-cleavable crosslinkers did not reduce the false discovery rate compared to non-cleavable crosslinkers, results from which have far-reaching implications in structural biology. We anticipate that the datasets acquired during this research will further drive optimisation and development of search engines and novel data-interpretation technologies, thereby advancing our understanding of vital biological interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Beveridge, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stadlmann, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penninger, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mechtler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/821447</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A synthetic peptide library for benchmarking crosslinking mass spectrometry search engines]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.23.166397v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Scalable, rapid and highly sensitive isothermal detection of SARS-CoV-2 for laboratory and home testing 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.23.166397v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Global efforts to combat the Covid-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 still heavily rely on RT-qPCR-based diagnostic tests. However, their high cost, moderate throughput and reliance on sophisticated equipment limit widespread implementation. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification after reverse transcription (RT-LAMP) is an alternative detection method that has the potential to overcome these limitations. We present a rapid, robust, sensitive and versatile RT-LAMP based SARS-CoV-2 detection assay. Our forty-minute procedure bypasses a dedicated RNA isolation step, is insensitive to carry-over contamination, and uses a hydroxynaphthol blue (HNB)-based colorimetric readout, which allows robust SARS-CoV-2 detection from various sample types. Based on this assay, we have substantially increased sensitivity and scalability by a simple nucleic acid enrichment step (bead-LAMP), established a pipette-free version for home testing (HomeDip-LAMP), and developed open source enzymes that can be produced in any molecular biology setting. Our advanced, universally applicable RT-LAMP assay is a major step towards population-scale SARS-CoV-2 testing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kellner, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ross, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schnabl, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dekens, M. P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heinen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanner, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fritsche-Polanz, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Traugott, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seitz, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zoufaly, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foedinger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wenisch, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuber, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vienna Covid-19 Diagnostics Initiative (VCDI),</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pauli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brennecke, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.23.166397</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Scalable, rapid and highly sensitive isothermal detection of SARS-CoV-2 for laboratory and home testing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/850586v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Expanded huntingtin CAG repeats disrupt the balance between neural progenitor expansion and differentiation in human cerebral organoids 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/850586v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Huntington disease (HD) manifests in both adult and juvenile forms. Mutant HTT gene carriers are thought to undergo normal brain development followed by a degenerative phase, resulting in progressive clinical manifestations. However, recent studies in children and prodromal individuals at risk for HD have raised the possibility of abnormal neurodevelopment. Although key findings in rodent models support this notion, direct evidence in the context of human physiology remains lacking. Using a panel of isogenic HD human embryonic pluripotent stem cells and cerebral organoids, we investigated the impact of mutant HTT on early neurodevelopment. We find that ventricular zone-like neuroepithelial progenitor layer expansion is blunted in an HTT CAG repeat length-dependent manner due to premature neurogenesis in HD cerebral organoids, driven by cell intrinsic processes. Transcriptional profiling and imaging analysis revealed impaired cell cycle regulatory processes, increased G1 length, and increased asymmetric division of apical progenitors, collectively contributing to premature neuronal differentiation. We demonstrate increased activity of the ATM-p53 pathway, an up-stream regulator of cell cycle processes, and show that treatment with ATM antagonists partially rescues the blunted neuroepithelial progenitor expansion in HD organoids. Our findings suggest that CAG repeat length regulates the balance between neural progenitor expansion and differentiation during early neurodevelopment. Our results further support the view that HD, at least in its early-onset forms, may not be a purely neurodegenerative disorder, and that abnormal neurodevelopment may be a component of HD pathophysiology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ooi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Utami, K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Langley, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aning, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheok, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knoblich, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ginhoux, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petretto, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pouladi, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/850586</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Expanded huntingtin CAG repeats disrupt the balance between neural progenitor expansion and differentiation in human cerebral organoids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.02.07.938712v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
EXO70D isoforms mediate selective autophagic degradation of Type-A ARR proteins to regulate cytokinin sensitivity 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.02.07.938712v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The phytohormone cytokinin influences many aspects of plant growth and development, several of which also involve the cellular process of autophagy, including leaf senescence, nutrient re-mobilization, and developmental transitions. The Arabidopsis type-A Response Regulators (type-A ARR) are negative regulators of cytokinin signaling that are transcriptionally induced in response to cytokinin. Here, we describe a mechanistic link between cytokinin signaling and autophagy, demonstrating that plants modulate cytokinin sensitivity through autophagic regulation of type-A ARR proteins. Type-A ARR proteins were degraded by autophagy in an AUTOPHAGY-RELATED (ATG)5-dependent manner. EXO70D family members interacted with Type-A ARR proteins, likely in a phosphorylation-dependent manner, and recruited them to autophagosomes via interaction with the core autophagy protein, ATG8. Consistently, loss-of-function exo70D1,2,3 mutants compromised targeting of type-A ARRs to autophagic vesicles, have elevated levels of type-A ARR proteins, and are hyposensitive to cytokinin. Disruption of both type-A ARRs and EXO70D1,2,3 compromised survival in carbon-deficient conditions, suggesting interaction between autophagy and cytokinin responsiveness in response to stress. These results indicate that the EXO70D proteins act as selective autophagy receptors to target type-A ARR cargos for autophagic degradation, demonstrating that cytokinin signaling can be modulated by selective autophagy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Acheampong, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shanks, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaller, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dagdas, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kieber, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.07.938712</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[EXO70D isoforms mediate selective autophagic degradation of Type-A ARR proteins to regulate cytokinin sensitivity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.07.180133v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NMD is required for timely cell fate transitions by fine-tuning gene expression and controlling translation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.07.180133v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell fate transitions depend on balanced rewiring of transcription and translation programmes to mediate ordered developmental progression. Here we identify a feedback loop between nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) and translation initiation. We show that NMD controls the translation initiation factor Eif4a2 and its premature termination codon encoding isoform (Eif4a2PTC). NMD deficiency leads to translation of a specific truncated Eif4a2 protein, which elicits increased translation rates and is causative for significant delays in mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation. Our results show identical mRNA targets for Smg5, Smg6 and Smg7, but illustrate a clear hierarchy between KOs in amplitude of target deregulation and differentiation phenotype (Smg5 &gt; Smg6 &gt; Smg7). This hierarchy highlights heterodimer independent functions for Smg5 and Smg7. Together, our findings expose an intricate link between mRNA stability and translation initiation control, that must be maintained for normal dynamics of cell state transitions.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Galimberti, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sehlke, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huth, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garmhausen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romeike, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramesmayer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stummer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Titz-Teixeira, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herzog, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chugunova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leesch, K. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holcik, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santini, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lackner, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>von Haeseler, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buecker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pauli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schoefer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ameres, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beyer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leeb, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.07.180133</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NMD is required for timely cell fate transitions by fine-tuning gene expression and controlling translation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/827600v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Pleiades cluster of fungal effector genes inhibit 1 host defenses 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/827600v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SummaryBiotrophic plant pathogens secrete effector proteins to manipulate the host physiology. Effectors suppress defenses and induce an environment favorable to disease development. Sequence-based prediction of effector function is difficulted by their rapid evolution rate. In the maize pathogen Ustilago maydis, effector-coding genes frequently organize in clusters. Here we describe the functional characterization of the pleiades, a cluster of ten symplastic effectors. Deletion of the pleiades leads to strongly impaired virulence and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in infected tissue. Eight of the Pleiades suppress the production of ROS upon perception of pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Although genetically redundant, the Pleiades target different host components. The paralogs Taygeta1 and Merope1 suppress ROS production in either the cytoplasm or nucleus, respectively. Merope1 targets and promotes the autoubiquitination activity of RFI2, a conserved family of E3 ligases that regulates the production of PAMP-triggered ROS burst and influences flowering time in plants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Navarrete, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grujic, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stirnberg, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aleksza, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallei, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bindics, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trujillo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Djamei, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/827600</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Pleiades cluster of fungal effector genes inhibit 1 host defenses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/833889v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cerebellar neurodynamics during motor planning predict decision timing and outcome on single-trial level 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/833889v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The neuronal basis of goal-directed behavior requires interaction of multiple separated brain regions. How subcortical regions and their interactions with brain-wide activity are involved in action selection is less understood. We have investigated this question by developing an assay based on whole-brain volumetric calcium imaging using light-field microscopy combined with an operant-conditioning task in larval zebrafish. We find global and recurring dynamics of brain states to exhibit pre-motor bifurcations towards mutually exclusive decision outcomes which arises from a spatially distributed network. Within this network the cerebellum shows a particularly strong pre-motor activity, predictive of both the timing and outcome of behavior up to [~]10 seconds before movement initiation. Furthermore, on the single-trial level, decision directions can be inferred from the difference neuroactivity between the ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres, while the decision time can be quantitatively predicted by the rate of bi-hemispheric population ramping activity. Our results point towards a cognitive role of the cerebellum and its importance in motor planning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helmreich, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlumm, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engert, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noebauer, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaziri, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/833889</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cerebellar neurodynamics during motor planning predict decision timing and outcome on single-trial level]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2019.12.17.879601v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fast and highly efficient affinity enrichment of Azide-A-DSBSO cross-linked peptides. 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2019.12.17.879601v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cross-linking mass spectrometry is an increasingly used, powerful technique to study protein-protein interactions or to provide structural information. Due to sub-stochiometric reaction efficiencies, cross-linked peptides are usually low abundant. This results in challenging data evaluation and the need for an effective enrichment.

Here we describe an improved, easy to implement, one-step method to enrich azide-tagged, acid-cleavable disuccinimidyl bis-sulfoxide (DSBSO) cross-linked peptides using dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO) coupled Sepharose(R) beads. We probed this method using recombinant Cas9 and E. coli ribosome. For Cas9, the number of detectable cross-links was increased from ~100 before enrichment to 580 cross-links after enrichment. To mimic a cellular lysate, E. coli ribosome was spiked into a tryptic HEK background at a ratio of 1:2 - 1:100. The number of detectable unique cross-links maintained high at ~100. The estimated enrichment efficiency was improved by factor 4 -5 (based on XL numbers) compared to enrichment via biotin and streptavidin. We were still able to detect cross-links from 0.25 g cross-linked E. coli ribosome in a background of 100 g tryptic HEK peptides, indicating a high enrichment sensitivity. In contrast to conventional enrichment techniques, like SEC, the time needed for preparation and MS measurement is significantly reduced.

This robust, fast and selective enrichment method for azide-tagged linkers will contribute to map protein-protein interactions, investigate protein architectures in more depth and help to understand complex biological processes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Matzinger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kandioller, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doppler, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heiss, E. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mechtler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.17.879601</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fast and highly efficient affinity enrichment of Azide-A-DSBSO cross-linked peptides.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.28.176024v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Two microRNAs are sufficient for embryogenesis in C. elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.28.176024v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Microprocessor, composed of Drosha and Pasha/DGCR8, is necessary for the biogenesis of canonical microRNAs (miRNAs) and essential for animal embryogenesis. However, the cause for this requirement is largely unknown: the Microprocessor may be required to produce one or few essential miRNAs, or many individually non-essential miRNAs. Additionally, Drosha and Pasha/ DGCR8 may be required for processing non-miRNA substrates. To distinguish between these possibilities, we developed a system in C. elegans to stringently deplete embryos of Microprocessor activity. Microprocessor-depleted embryos fail to undergo morphogenesis or form organs. We show that this early embryonic arrest is rescued by the addition of two miRNAs from the miR-35 and miR-51 families, resulting in morphologically normal larvae. Thus, just two canonical miRNAs are sufficient for morphogenesis and organogenesis, and the processing of these miRNAs accounts for the essential requirement for Drosha and Pasha/DGCR8 during C. elegans embryonic development.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dexheimer, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cochella, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.28.176024</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Two microRNAs are sufficient for embryogenesis in C. elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/864553v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantifying the heterogeneity of macromolecular machines by mass photometry 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/864553v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sample purity is central to in vitro studies of protein function and regulation, as well as to the efficiency and success of structural studies requiring crystallization or computational alignment of individual molecules. Here, we show that mass photometry (MP) accurately reports on sample heterogeneity using minimal volumes with molecular resolution within minutes. We benchmark our approach by negative stain electron microscopy (nsEM), including workflows involving chemical crosslinking and multi-step purification of a multi-subunit ubiquitin ligase. When applied to proteasome stability, we detect and quantify assemblies invisible to nsEM. Our results illustrate the unique advantages of MP for rapid sample characterization, prioritization and optimization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sonn Segev, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belacic, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bodrug, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>VanderLinden, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schulman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schimpf, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedrich, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vinh Dip, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwartz, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bauer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Struwe, W. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benesch, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, N. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haselbach, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kukura, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/864553</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantifying the heterogeneity of macromolecular machines by mass photometry]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/829036v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Understory light quality affects leaf pigments and leaf phenology in different plant functional types 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/829036v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understory plant species take on different functional strategies, whereby some exploit periods of available light in springtime before the canopy closes, and others also benefit from sunlight later in autumn when the canopy opens again. These strategies involve understory species coordinating phenological events to pre-empt canopy leaf out and to extend their growing season beyond canopy leaf senescence, meanwhile accumulating photo-protective pigments which mitigate periods of high-light exposure. Canopy closure brings shade to the understory, but also causes drastic changes in light quality. Whilst many experiments manipulating spectral quality have revealed understory plant responses to the changing R:FR ratio in shade, effect of the blue and UV regions have been examined very little. We installed filters attenuating short wavelength regions of the solar spectrum in a forest understory in southern Finland, creating the following treatments: a transparent control filter, and filters attenuating UV radiation < 350 nm, all UV radiation, and both UV and blue light. In eight understory species, representing different plant functional types, we repeatedly assessed leaf optical properties to obtain epidermal flavonol and anthocyanin contents from leaf emergence in spring to leaf senescence in autumn, during both 2017 and 2018. Flavonols responded more to seasonal changes in light quality in relatively light-demanding species than in shade-tolerant and wintergreen species; and were particularly responsive to blue light. However, anthocyanins were largely unaffected by our filter treatments, suggesting that other cues such as cold temperatures govern their seasonal variation. UV radiation only accelerated leaf senescence in Acer platanoides seedlings, but blue light accelerated leaf senescence in all species measured apart from Quercus robur. In summary, seasonal changes in understory solar radiation in the blue and UV regions affected leaf pigments and leaf phenology; particularly for more light-demanding species. An increase in canopy duration under climate change will extend the period of shade in the understory, with consequences for the spectral cues available to understory plants. The resultant reduction in blue and UV radiation in shade, could delay leaf senescence in the understory even further.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brelsford, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trasser, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paris, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartikainen, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robson, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/829036</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Understory light quality affects leaf pigments and leaf phenology in different plant functional types]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.11.089060v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Leukemia cell of origin influences apoptotic priming and sensitivity to LSD1 inhibition 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.11.089060v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Previous studies have established that the cell of origin of oncogenic transformation is a determinant of therapeutic sensitivity. However, the mechanisms governing cell-of-origin-driven differences in therapeutic response have not been delineated. Leukemias initiating in hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are less sensitive to cytotoxic chemotherapy and express high levels of the transcription factor Evi1 compared to leukemias derived from myeloid progenitors. Here, we compared drug sensitivity and expression profiles of murine and human leukemias initiated in either HSCs or myeloid progenitors to reveal a novel function for Evi1 in modulating p53 protein stability and activity. HSC-derived leukemias exhibit decreased apoptotic priming, attenuated p53 transcriptional output, and resistance to lysine-specific demethylase 1 inhibitors in addition to classical genotoxic stresses. p53 loss-of-function in Evi1low progenitor-derived leukemias induces resistance to LSD1 inhibition. By contrast, Evi1high leukemias are sensitized to LSD1 inhibition by the BH3 mimetic venetoclax, resulting in enhanced apoptosis and greater reductions in disease burden. Our findings demonstrate a cell-of-origin determined novel role for EVI1 in p53 wild-type cancers in reducing p53 function and provide a strategy to circumvent drug resistance in high-risk, chemoresistant EVI1high AML.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cai, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldberg, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parvin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koche, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glass, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tallman, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Famulare, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cusan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cordner, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DelGaudio, N. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durani, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rex, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuber, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baslan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lowe, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rienhoff, H. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Letai, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levine, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armstrong, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.11.089060</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Leukemia cell of origin influences apoptotic priming and sensitivity to LSD1 inhibition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.02.11.943159v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PHF3 regulates neuronal gene expression through the new Pol II CTD reader domain SPOC 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.02.11.943159v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The C-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is a regulatory hub for transcription and RNA processing. Here, we identify PHD-finger protein 3 (PHF3) as a new CTD-binding factor that negatively regulates transcription and mRNA stability. The PHF3 SPOC domain preferentially binds to CTD repeats phosphorylated on Serine-2 and PHF3 tracks with Pol II across the length of genes. PHF3 competes with TFIIS for Pol II binding through its TFIIS-like domain (TLD), thus inhibiting TFIIS-mediated rescue of backtracked Pol II. PHF3 knock-out or PHF3 SPOC deletion in human cells result in gene upregulation and a global increase in mRNA stability, with marked derepression of neuronal genes. Key neuronal genes are aberrantly expressed in Phf3 knock-out mouse embryonic stem cells, resulting in impaired neuronal differentiation. Our data suggest that PHF3 is a prominent effector of neuronal gene regulation at the interface of transcription elongation and mRNA decay.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Appel, L.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franke, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruno, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grishkovskaya, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kasiliauskaite, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schoeberl, U. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puchinger, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kostrhon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beltzung, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mechtler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vlasova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leeb, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pavri, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stark, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akalin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stefl, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernecky, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Djinovic-Carugo, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slade, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.11.943159</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PHF3 regulates neuronal gene expression through the new Pol II CTD reader domain SPOC]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.02.27.967802v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cerebral organoid model reveals excessive proliferation of human caudal late interneuron progenitors in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.02.27.967802v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although the intricate and prolonged development of the human brain critically distinguishes it from other mammals1, our current understanding of neurodevelopmental diseases is largely based on work using animal models. Recent studies revealed that neural progenitors in the human brain are profoundly different from those found in rodent animal models2-5. Moreover, post-mortem studies revealed extensive migration of interneurons into the late-gestational and post-natal human prefrontal cortex that does not occur in rodents6. Here, we use cerebral organoids to show that overproduction of mid-gestational human interneurons causes Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC), a severe neuro-developmental disorder associated with mutations in TSC1 and TSC2. We identify a previously uncharacterized population of caudal late interneuron progenitors, the CLIP-cells. In organoids derived from patients carrying heterozygous TSC2 mutations, dysregulation of mTOR signaling leads to CLIP-cell over-proliferation and formation of cortical tubers and subependymal tumors. Surprisingly, second-hit events resulting from copy-neutral loss-of-heterozygosity (cnLOH) are not causative for but occur during the progression of tumor lesions. Instead, EGFR signaling is required for tumor proliferation, opening up a promising approach to treat TSC lesions. Our study demonstrates that the analysis of developmental disorders in organoid models can lead to fundamental insights into human brain development and neuropsychiatric disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Eichmueller, O. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corsini, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vertesy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scholl, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruber, V.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peer, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novatchkova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paredes, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feucht, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knoblich, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.27.967802</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cerebral organoid model reveals excessive proliferation of human caudal late interneuron progenitors in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.02.10.941443v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modeling the spatiotemporal control of cell cycle acceleration during axolotl spinal cord regeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.02.10.941443v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Axolotls are uniquely able to resolve spinal cord injuries, but little is known about the mechanisms underlying spinal cord regeneration. We previously found that tail amputation leads to reactivation of a developmental-like program in spinal cord ependymal cells (Rodrigo Albors et al., 2015), characterized by a high-proliferation zone emerging 4 days post-amputation (Rost et al., 2016). What underlies this spatiotemporal pattern of cell proliferation, however, remained unknown. Here, we use modelling, tightly linked to experimental data, to demonstrate that this regenerative response is consistent with a signal that recruits ependymal cells during 85 hours after amputation within ~830{square}m of the injury. We adapted FUCCI technology to axolotls (AxFUCCI) to visualize cell cycles in vivo. AxFUCCI axolotls confirmed the predicted appearance time and size of the injury-induced recruitment zone and revealed cell cycle synchrony between ependymal cells. Our modeling and imaging move us closer to understanding bona fide spinal cord regeneration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cura Costa, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodrigo Albors, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanaka, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chara, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.10.941443</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modeling the spatiotemporal control of cell cycle acceleration during axolotl spinal cord regeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/779058v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ESCO1 and CTCF enable formation of long chromatin loops by protecting cohesinSTAG1 from WAPL 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/779058v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Eukaryotic genomes are folded into loops. It is thought that these are formed by cohesin complexes via extrusion, either until loop expansion is arrested by CTCF or until cohesin is removed from DNA by WAPL. Although WAPL limits cohesins chromatin residence time to minutes, it has been reported that some loops exist for hours. How these loops can persist is unknown. We show that during G1-phase, mammalian cells contain acetylated cohesinSTAG1 which binds chromatin for hours, whereas cohesinSTAG2 binds chromatin for minutes. Our results indicate that CTCF and the acetyltransferase ESCO1 protect a subset of cohesinSTAG1 complexes from WAPL, thereby enable formation of long and presumably long-lived loops, and that ESCO1, like CTCF, contributes to boundary formation in chromatin looping. Our data are consistent with a model of nested loop extrusion, in which acetylated cohesinSTAG1 forms stable loops between CTCF sites, demarcating the boundaries of more transient cohesinSTAG2 extrusion activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wutz, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>St. Hilaire, B. T. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ladurner, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stocsits, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagasaka, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pignard, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanborn, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varnai, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivanov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schoenfelder, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Lelij, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duernberger, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roitinger, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mechtler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, I. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fraser, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aiden, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/779058</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ESCO1 and CTCF enable formation of long chromatin loops by protecting cohesinSTAG1 from WAPL]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.02.10.941989v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cohesin-dependent and independent mechanisms support chromosomal contacts between promoters and enhancers 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.02.10.941989v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
It is currently assumed that 3D chromosomal organisation plays a central role in transcriptional control. However, recent evidence shows that steady-state transcription of only a minority of genes is affected by depletion of architectural proteins such as cohesin and CTCF. Here, we have used Capture Hi-C to interrogate the dynamics of chromosomal contacts of all human gene promoters upon rapid architectural protein degradation. We show that promoter contacts lost in these conditions tend to be long-range, with at least one interaction partner localising in the vicinity of topologically associated domain (TAD) boundaries. In contrast, many shorter-range chromosomal contacts, particularly those that connect active promoters with each other and with active enhancers remain unaffected by cohesin and CTCF depletion. We demonstrate that the effects of cohesin depletion on nascent transcription can be explained by changes in the connectivity of their enhancers. Jointly, these results provide a mechanistic explanation to the limited, but consistent effects of cohesin and CTCF on steady-state transcription and point towards the existence of alternative enhancer-promoter pairing mechanisms that are independent of these proteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Thiecke, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wutz, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muhar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bevan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malysheva, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stocsits, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neumann, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuber, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fraser, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schoenfelder, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spivakov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.10.941989</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cohesin-dependent and independent mechanisms support chromosomal contacts between promoters and enhancers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.01.15.907311v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reduced PABPN1 levels causes cytoskeleton disorganization and aberrant differentiation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.01.15.907311v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The polyadenylation binding protein nucleus 1 (PABPN1), a multifactorial regulator of mRNA processing, regulates muscle wasting and atrophy. Previously, we elucidated the PABPN1-dependent proteome and found that levels of structural proteins, sarcomeric and cytoskeletal, were highly altered. We identified MURC, a plasma membrane-associated protein, to be affected by the cytoskeletal stability and suggest that MURC is a novel marker for impaired regeneration in muscles. We also studied the spatial organization of muscle structural proteins in 2D and 3D cell models with reduced PABPN1 levels (named here as shPAB). We show that dysregulation of cytoskeletal proteins in the shPab proteome is associated with a cytoskeleton lacking a polarized organization in muscle cells. We show that consequently, the cell mechanical features as well as myogenic differentiation are significantly reduced. We then show that restoring cytoskeletal stability, by actin overexpression in shPAB was beneficial for cell fusion and for the expression of sarcomeric proteins in shPAB models. We suggest that poor cytoskeleton mechanical features are caused by altered expression levels and contribute to aging-associated muscle wasting and atrophy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Raz, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Wal, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Domagoj, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olie, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maton, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Greef, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, I.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kareem, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penninger, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kessler, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.15.907311</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reduced PABPN1 levels causes cytoskeleton disorganization and aberrant differentiation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.14.041657v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
LSD1 inhibitors induce neuronal differentiation of Merkel cell carcinoma by disrupting the LSD1-CoREST complex and activating TGFβ signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.14.041657v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a highly aggressive, neuroendocrine skin cancer that is either associated with the clonal integration of the Merkel cell polyomavirus or with chronic sun exposure1,2. Immunotherapy is initially effective in many patients with metastatic MCC, but the response is rarely durable3,4. MCC lacks actionable mutations that could be utilized for targeted therapies, but epigenetic regulators, which govern cell fate, provide unexplored therapeutic entry points. Here, we performed a pharmacological screen in MCC cells, targeting epigenetic regulators. We discovered that the lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A (LSD1/KDM1A) is required for MCC growth in vitro and in vivo. HMG20B (BRAF35), a poorly characterized subunit of the LSD1-CoREST complex, is also essential for MCC proliferation. LSD1 inhibition in MCC disrupts the LSD1-CoREST complex, directly induces the expression of key regulators of the neuronal lineage and of members of the TGF{beta} pathway, and activates a gene expression signature corresponding to normal Merkel cells. Our results provide a rationale for evaluating LSD1 inhibitors, which are currently being tested in patients with leukemia and solid tumors, in MCC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Leiendecker, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neumann, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiesner, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Obenauf, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.14.041657</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[LSD1 inhibitors induce neuronal differentiation of Merkel cell carcinoma by disrupting the LSD1-CoREST complex and activating TGFβ signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.03.10.978148v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sister-chromatid-sensitive Hi-C reveals the conformation of replicated human chromosomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.03.10.978148v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The three-dimensional organization of the genome supports regulated gene expression, recombination, DNA repair, and chromosome segregation during mitosis. Chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C)1-3 has revealed a complex genomic landscape of internal chromosome structures in vertebrate cells4-11 yet how sister chromatids topologically interact in replicated chromosomes has remained elusive due to their identical sequences. Here, we present sister-chromatid-sensitive Hi-C (scsHi-C) based on nascent DNA labeling with 4-thio-thymidine. Genome-wide conformation maps of human chromosomes revealed that sister chromatid pairs interact most frequently at the boundaries of topologically associating domains (TADs). Continuous loading of a dynamic cohesin pool separates sister-chromatid pairs inside TADs and is required to focus sister chromatid contacts at TAD boundaries. We identified a subset of TADs that are overall highly paired, characterized by facultative heterochromatin, as well as insulated topological domains that form separately within individual sister chromatids. The rich pattern of sister chromatid topologies and our scsHi-C technology will make it possible to dissect how physical interactions between identical DNA molecules contribute to DNA repair, gene expression, chromosome segregation, and potentially other biological processes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mitter, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gasser, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takacs, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Langer, C. H. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jessberger, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beales, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neuner, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ameres, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goloborodko, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Micura, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerlich, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.10.978148</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sister-chromatid-sensitive Hi-C reveals the conformation of replicated human chromosomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.14.151324v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reconstitution of Alveolar Regeneration via novel DATPs by Inflammatory Niches 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.14.151324v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tissue regeneration involves a multi-step process composed of diverse cellular hierarchies and states that are also implicated in tissue dysfunction and pathogenesis. Here, we leveraged single-cell RNA sequencing analysis in combination with in vivo lineage tracing and organoid models to fine-map trajectories of alveolar lineage cells during injury repair and regeneration. We identified Damage-Associated Transient Progenitors (DATPs) as a distinct AT2-lineaged population arising during alveolar regeneration. Specifically, we found that IL-1{beta}, secreted by interstitial macrophages, primes a subset of Il1r1+AT2 cells for conversion into DATPs, via a Hif1a-mediated glycolysis pathway, that are functional mediators for mature AT1 cell differentiation. Importantly, we show that chronic inflammation mediated by IL-1{beta} prevents differentiation into AT1 cells, leading to aberrant accumulation of DATPs and impaired alveolar differentiation. Our step-wise fine-mapping of cell fate transitions demonstrates how the inflammatory niche impedes alveolar regeneration by directing stem cell fate behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Choi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsagkogeorga, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yanagita, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koo, B.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.14.151324</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reconstitution of Alveolar Regeneration via novel DATPs by Inflammatory Niches]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.16.154476v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nitric oxide coordinates histone acetylation and expression of genes involved in growth/development and stress response 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.16.154476v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule with multiple regulatory functions in plant physiology and stress response. Besides direct effects on the transcriptional machinery, NO can fulfill its signaling function via epigenetic mechanisms.

We report that light intensity-dependent changes in NO correlate with changes in global histone acetylation (H3, H3K9 and H3K9/K14) in Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type leaves and that this correlation depends on S-nitrosoglutathione reductase and histone deacetylase 6. The activity of histone deacetylase 6 was sensitive to NO, which demonstrates that NO participates in regulation of histone acetylation. ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses revealed that NO is involved in the metabolic switch from growth and development to stress response. This coordinating function of NO might be of special importance in adaptation to a changing environment and could therefore be a promising starting point to mitigating the negative effects of climate change on plant productivity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ageeva_Kieferle, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Georgii, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winkler, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghirardo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albert, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huether, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mengel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schnitzler, J.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durner, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindermayr, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.16.154476</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nitric oxide coordinates histone acetylation and expression of genes involved in growth/development and stress response]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.03.18.995316v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A cross-kingdom conserved ER-phagy receptor maintains endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis during stress 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.03.18.995316v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Eukaryotes have evolved various quality control mechanisms to promote proteostasis in the ER. Selective removal of certain ER domains via autophagy (termed as ER-phagy) has emerged as a major quality control mechanism. However, the degree to which ER-phagy is employed by other branches of ER-quality control remains largely elusive. Here, we identify a cytosolic protein, C53, that is specifically recruited to autophagosomes during ER-stress, in both plant and mammalian cells. C53 interacts with ATG8 via a distinct binding epitope, featuring a shuffled ATG8 interacting motif (sAIM). C53 senses proteotoxic stress in the ER lumen by forming a tripartite receptor complex with the ER-associated ufmylation ligase UFL1 and its membrane adaptor DDRGK1. The C53/UFL1/DDRGK1 receptor complex is activated by stalled ribosomes and induces the degradation of internal or passenger proteins in the ER. Consistently, the C53 receptor complex and ufmylation mutants are highly susceptible to ER stress. Thus, C53 forms an ancient quality control pathway that bridges selective autophagy with ribosome-associated quality control at the ER.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stephani, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Picchianti, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gajic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beveridge, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skarwan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez de Medina Hernandez, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohseni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clavel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naumann, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matuszkiewicz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turco, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loefke, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durnberger, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schutzbier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdrakhmanov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chia, K.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Djamei, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaffner, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mechtler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ikeda, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martens, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clausen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dagdas, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.18.995316</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A cross-kingdom conserved ER-phagy receptor maintains endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis during stress]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.03.19.998609v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The histone variant H2A.W promotes heterochromatin accessibility for efficient DNA methylation in Arabidopsis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.03.19.998609v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In flowering plants, heterochromatin is demarcated by the histone variant H2A.W, elevated levels of the linker histone H1, and specific epigenetic modifications, such as high levels of DNA methylation at both CG and non-CG sites. How H2A.W regulates heterochromatin organization and interacts with other heterochromatic features is unclear. To analyze the in vivo function of H2A.W, we created a h2a.w null mutant via CRISPR-Cas9, h2a.w-2. We find that H2A.W antagonizes deposition of H1 at heterochromatin and that non-CG methylation and accessibility are moderately decreased in h2a.w-2 heterochromatin. Compared to H1 loss alone, combined loss of H1 and H2A.W greatly increases accessibility and facilitates non-CG DNA methylation in heterochromatin, suggesting co-regulation of heterochromatic features by H2A.W and H1. Our results suggest that H2A.W helps maintain optimal heterochromatin accessibility and DNA methylation by promoting chromatin compaction together with H1, while also inhibiting excessive H1 incorporation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bourguet, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Picard, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yelagandula, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pelissier, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorkovic, Z. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pouch-Pelissier, M.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacobsen, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berger, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathieu, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.19.998609</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The histone variant H2A.W promotes heterochromatin accessibility for efficient DNA methylation in Arabidopsis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.24.264432v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gradual evolution of allopolyploidy in Arabidopsis suecica 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.24.264432v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The majority of diploid organisms have polyploid ancestors. The evolutionary process of polyploidization (and subsequent re-diploidization) is poorly understood, but has frequently been conjectured to involve some form of "genome shock" -- partly inspired by studies in crops, where polyploidy has been linked to major genomic changes such as genome reorganization and subgenome expression dominance. It is unclear, however, whether such dramatic changes would be characteristic of natural polyploidization, or whether they are a product of domestication. Here, we study polyploidization in Arabidopsis suecica (n = 13), a post-glacial allopolyploid species formed via hybridization of A. thaliana (n = 5) and A. arenosa (n = 8). We generated a chromosome-level genome assembly of A. suecica and complemented it with polymorphism and transcriptome data from multiple individuals of all species. Despite a divergence of [~]6 Mya between the two ancestral species and appreciable differences in their genome composition, we see no evidence of a genome shock: the A. suecica genome is highly colinear with the ancestral genomes, there is no subgenome dominance in expression, and transposable element dynamics appear to be stable. We do, however, find strong evidence for changes suggesting gradual adaptation to polyploidy. In particular, the A. thaliana subgenome shows upregulation of meiosis-related genes, possibly in order to prevent aneuploidy and undesirable homeologous exchanges that are frequently observed in experimentally generated A. suecica, and the A. arenosa subgenome shows upregulation of cyto-nuclear related processes, possibly in response to the new cytoplasmic environment of A. suecica, with plastids maternally inherited from A. thaliana.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Burns, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mandakova, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jagoda, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soto-Jimenez, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lysak, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novikova, P. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nordborg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.24.264432</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gradual evolution of allopolyploidy in Arabidopsis suecica]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/430447v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Stage-specific transcriptomes and DNA methylomes indicate an early and transient loss of transposon control in Arabidopsis shoot stem cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/430447v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In contrast to animals, postembryonic development in plants is modular, and aerial organs originate from stem cells in the center of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) throughout life. Descendants of SAM stem cells in the subepidermal layer (L2) give also rise to male and female gametes (reviewed in 1) and are therefore considered primordial germ cells. In these cells, transmission of somatic mutations including virus and TE insertions must be avoided. Despite their essential role for plant development and intergenerational continuity, no comprehensive molecular analysis of SAM stem cells exists, due to their low number, deep embedding among non-stem cells, and difficult isolation. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of stage-specific gene expression and DNA methylation dynamics in Arabidopsis SAM stem cells. Stem cell expression signatures are mostly defined by development, but we also identified a core set of differentially expressed stemness genes. Surprisingly, vegetative SAM stem cells showed increased expression of transposable elements (TEs) relative to surrounding cells, despite high expression of genes connected to epigenetic silencing. We also find increasing methylation at CHG and a drop in CHH methylation at TEs before stem cells enter the reproductive lineage, indicating an onset of epigenetic reprogramming at an early stage. Transiently elevated TE expression is reminiscent of that in animal primordial germ cells (PGCs) 2 and demonstrates commonality of transposon biology. Our results connect SAM stem cells with germline development and transposon evolution and will allow future experiments to determine the degree of epigenetic heritability between generations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mittelsten Scheid, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutzat, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rembart, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nussbaumer, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pisupati, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hofmann, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bradamante, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daubel, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaidora, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lettner, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dona, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nordborg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nodine, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/430447</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Stage-specific transcriptomes and DNA methylomes indicate an early and transient loss of transposon control in Arabidopsis shoot stem cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.12.198424v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Friendly regulates membrane depolarization induced mitophagy in Arabidopsis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.12.198424v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The oxidative environment within the mitochondria makes them particularly vulnerable to proteotoxic stress. To maintain a healthy mitochondrial network, eukaryotes have evolved multi-tiered quality control pathways. If the stress cannot be alleviated, defective mitochondria are selectively removed by autophagy via a process termed mitophagy. Despite significant advances in metazoans and yeast, in plants, the molecular underpinnings of mitophagy are largely unknown. Here, using time-lapse imaging, electron tomography and biochemical assays, we show that uncoupler treatments cause loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and induce autophagy in Arabidopsis. The damaged mitochondria are selectively engulfed by autophagosomes that are ATG5 dependent and labelled by ATG8 proteins. Friendly, a member of the Clustered Mitochondria protein family, is recruited to the damaged mitochondria to mediate mitophagy. In addition to stress, mitophagy is also induced during de-etiolation, a major cellular transformation during photomorphogenesis that involves chloroplast biogenesis. De-etiolation triggered mitophagy regulates cotyledon greening, pointing towards an inter-organellar cross-talk mechanism. Altogether our results demonstrate how plants employ mitophagy to recycle damaged mitochondria during stress and development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Juncai Ma</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zizhen Liang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jierui Zhao</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pengfei Wang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wenlong Ma</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juan A. Fernandez Andrade</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yonglun Zeng</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nenad Grujic</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liwen Jiang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yasin Dagdas</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Byung-Ho Kang</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.12.198424</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Friendly regulates membrane depolarization induced mitophagy in Arabidopsis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.03.20.000117v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Irish potato famine pathogen subverts host vesicle trafficking to channel starvation-induced autophagy to the pathogen interface 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.03.20.000117v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Eukaryotic cells deploy autophagy to eliminate invading microbes. In turn, pathogens have evolved effector proteins to counteract antimicrobial autophagy. How and why adapted pathogens co-opt autophagy for their own benefit is poorly understood. The Irish famine pathogen Phythophthora infestans secretes the effector protein PexRD54 that selectively activates an unknown plant autophagy pathway, while antagonizing antimicrobial autophagy. Here we show that PexRD54 induces autophagosome formation by bridging small GTPase Rab8a-decorated vesicles with autophagic compartments labelled by the core autophagy protein ATG8CL. Rab8a is required for pathogen-triggered and starvation-induced but not antimicrobial autophagy, revealing that specific trafficking pathways underpin selective autophagy. We discovered that Rab8a contributes to basal immunity against P. infestans, but PexRD54 diverts a sub-population of Rab8a vesicles to lipid droplets that associate with autophagosomes. These are then diverted towards pathogen feeding structures that are accommodated within the host cells. We propose that PexRD54 mimics starvation-induced autophagy by channeling host endomembrane trafficking towards the pathogen interface possibly to acquire nutrients. This work reveals that effectors can interconnect independent host compartments to stimulate complex cellular processes that benefit the pathogen.

Graphical abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/000117v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pandey, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leary, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tümtas, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savage, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dagvadorj, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khandare, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duggan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yusunov, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madalinski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabriel Mirkin, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schornack, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dagdas, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamoun, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bozkurt, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.20.000117</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Irish potato famine pathogen subverts host vesicle trafficking to channel starvation-induced autophagy to the pathogen interface]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.04.076885v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chromatin Regulates Bipartite-Classified Small RNA Expression to Maintain Epigenome Homeostasis in Arabidopsis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.04.076885v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Eukaryotic genomes are partitioned into euchromatic and heterochromatic domains to regulate gene expression and other fundamental cellular processes. However, chromatin is dynamic during growth and development, and must be properly re-established after its decondensation. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) promote heterochromatin formation in eukaryotes, but little is known about how chromatin regulates siRNA transcription. We demonstrated that thousands of transposable elements (TEs) produce exceptionally high levels of siRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana embryos. Depending on whether they are located in euchromatic or heterochromatic regions of the genome, bipartite-classified TEs generate siRNAs throughout embryogenesis according to two distinct patterns. siRNAs are transcribed in embryos and required to direct the re-establishment of DNA methylation on TEs from which they are derived in the new generation. Decondensed chromatin also permits the production of 24-nt siRNAs from heterochromatic TEs during post-embryogenesis, and siRNA production from bipartite-classified TEs is controlled by their chromatin states. Decondensation of heterochromatin in response to developmental, and perhaps environmental, cues promotes the transcription and function of siRNAs in plants. Our results indicate that chromatin-mediated siRNA transcription provides a cell-autonomous homeostatic control mechanism to reconstitute pre-existing chromatin states during growth and development including those that ensure silencing of TEs in the future germ line.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Papareddy, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paldi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paulraj, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nodine, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.04.076885</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chromatin Regulates Bipartite-Classified Small RNA Expression to Maintain Epigenome Homeostasis in Arabidopsis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/407973v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome duplication and reorganization in Aquilegia 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/407973v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundWhole-genome duplications (WGD) have dominated the evolutionary history of plants. One consequence of WGD is a dramatic restructuring of the genome as it undergoes diploidization, a process under which deletions and rearrangements of various sizes scramble the genetic material, leading to a repacking of the genome and eventual return to diploidy. Here, we investigate the history of WGD in the columbine genus Aquilegia, a basal eudicot, and use it to illuminate the origins of the core eudicots.nnResultsWithin-genome synteny confirms that columbines are ancient tetraploids, and comparison with the grape genome reveals that this tetraploidy appears to be shared with the core eudicots. Thus, the ancient gamma hexaploidy found in all core eudicots must have involved a two-step process: first tetraploidy in the ancestry of all eudicots, then hexaploidy in the ancestry of core eudicots. Furthermore, the precise pattern of synteny sharing suggests that the latter involved allopolyploidization, and that core eudicots thus have a hybrid origin.nnConclusionsNovel analyses of synteny sharing together with the well-preserved structure of the columbine genome reveal that the gamma hexaploidy at the root of core eudicots is likely a result of hybridization between a tetraploid and a diploid species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aköz, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nordborg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/407973</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome duplication and reorganization in Aquilegia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/679035v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptional Activation of Arabidopsis Zygotes Is Required for Their Initial Division 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/679035v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Commonly referred to as the maternal-to-zygotic transition, the shift of developmental control from maternal-to-zygotic genomes is a key event during animal and plant embryogenesis. Together with the degradation of parental gene products, the increased transcriptional activities of the zygotic genome remodels the early embryonic transcriptome during this transition. Although evidence from multiple flowering plants suggests that zygotes become transcriptionally active soon after fertilization, the timing and developmental requirements of zygotic genome activation in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) remained a matter of debate until recently. In this report, we optimized an expansion microscopy technique for robust immunostaining of Arabidopsis ovules and seeds. This enabled the detection of marks indicative of active transcription in zygotes before the first cell division. Moreover, we employed a live-imaging culture system together with transcriptional inhibitors to demonstrate that such active transcription is required in zygotes. Our results indicate that zygotic genome activation occurs soon after fertilization and is physiologically required prior to the initial zygotic division in Arabidopsis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nodine, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/679035</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptional Activation of Arabidopsis Zygotes Is Required for Their Initial Division]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/633735v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MicroRNA Dynamics and Functions During Arabidopsis Embryogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/633735v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that mediate the repression of target transcripts in plants and animals. Although miRNAs are required throughout plant development, relatively little is known regarding their embryonic functions. To systematically characterize embryonic miRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana, we developed or applied high-throughput sequencing based methods to profile hundreds of miRNAs and associated targets throughout embryogenesis. We discovered dozens of miRNAs that dynamically cleave and repress target transcripts including 30 that encode transcription factors. Transcriptome analyses indicated that these miRNA:target interactions have a profound impact on embryonic gene expression programs, and we further demonstrated that the miRNA-mediated repression of six transcription factors were individually required for embryo morphogenesis. These data indicate that the miRNA-directed repression of multiple transcription factors is critically important for the establishment of the plant body plan, and provide a foundation to further investigate how miRNAs contribute to these initial cellular differentiation events.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Plotnikova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kellner, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mosiolek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schon, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nodine, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/633735</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MicroRNA Dynamics and Functions During Arabidopsis Embryogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/747410v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Autophagy mediates temporary reprogramming and dedifferentiation in plant somatic cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/747410v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Somatic cells acclimate to changes in the environment by temporary reprogramming. Much has been learned about transcription factors that induce these cell-state switches in both plants and animals, but how cells rapidly modulate their proteome remains elusive. Here, we show rapid induction of autophagy during temporary reprogramming in plants triggered by phytohormones, immune and danger signals. Quantitative proteomics following sequential reprogramming revealed that autophagy is required for timely decay of previous cellular states and for tweaking the proteome to acclimate to the new conditions. Signatures of previous cellular programs thus persist in autophagy deficient cells, affecting cellular decision-making. Concordantly, autophagy deficient cells fail to acclimatize to dynamic climate changes. Similarly, they have defects in dedifferentiating into pluripotent stem cells, and redifferentiation during organogenesis. These observations indicate that autophagy mediates cell state switches that underlie somatic cell reprogramming in plants and possibly other organisms, and thereby promotes phenotypic plasticity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chevalier, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olsen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ansbol, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kapousidou, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Svenning, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loefke, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koemeda, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drozdowskyj, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durnberger, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuenzl, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schutzbier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mechtler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lolle, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dagdas, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petersen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/747410</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Autophagy mediates temporary reprogramming and dedifferentiation in plant somatic cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/819516v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Common alleles of CMT2 and NRPE1 are major determinants of de novo DNA methylation variation in Arabidopsis thaliana 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/819516v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
DNA cytosine methylation is an epigenetic mark associated with silencing of transposable elements (TEs) and heterochromatin formation. In plants, it occurs in three sequence contexts: CG, CHG, and CHH (where H is A, T, or C). The latter does not allow direct inheritance of methylation during DNA replication due to lack of symmetry, and methylation must therefore be re-established every cell generation. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have previously shown that CMT2 and NRPE1 are major determinants of genome-wide patterns of TE CHH-methylation. Here we instead focus on CHH-methylation of individual TEs and TE-families, allowing us to identify the pathways involved in CHH-methylation simply from natural variation and confirm the associations by comparing them with mutant phenotypes. Methylation at TEs targeted by the RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) pathway is unaffected by CMT2 variation, but is strongly affected by variation at NRPE1, which is largely responsible for the longitudinal cline in this phenotype. In contrast, CMT2-targeted TEs are affected by both loci, which jointly explain 7.3% of the phenotypic variation (13.2% of total genetic effects). There is no longitudinal pattern for this phenotype, however, because the geographic patterns appear to compensate for each other in a pattern suggestive of stabilizing selection.nnAuthor SummaryDNA methylation is a major component of transposon silencing, and essential for genomic integrity. Recent studies revealed large-scale geographic variation as well as the existence of major trans-acting polymorphisms that partly explained this variation. In this study, we re-analyze previously published data (The 1001 Epigenomes), focusing on de novo DNA methylation patterns of individual TEs and TE families rather than on genome-wide averages (as was done in previous studies). GWAS of the patterns reveals the underlying regulatory networks, and allowed us to comprehensively characterize trans-regulation of de novo DNA methylation and its role in the striking geographic pattern for this phenotype.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sasaki, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kawakatsu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ecker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nordborg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/819516</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Common alleles of CMT2 and NRPE1 are major determinants of de novo DNA methylation variation in Arabidopsis thaliana]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/520163v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A hypomorphic allele of telomerase reverse transcriptase uncovers the minimal functional length of telomeres in Arabidopsis. 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/520163v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite the essential requirement of telomeric DNA for genome stability, the length of telomere tracts between species differs by up to four orders of magnitude, raising the question of the minimal length of telomeric DNA necessary for proper function. Here we address this question using a hypomorphic allele of the telomerase catalytic subunit, TERT. We show that although this construct partially restored telomerase activity to a tert mutant, telomeres continued to shorten over several generations, ultimately stabilizing at a bimodal size distribution. Telomeres on two chromosome arms were maintained at a length of 1kb, while the remaining telomeres were maintained at 400 bp. The longest telomeres identified in this background were also significantly longer in wild type populations, suggesting cis-acting elements on these arms either promote telomerase processivity or recruitment. Genetically disrupting telomerase processivity in this background resulted in immediate lethality. Thus, telomeres of 400 bp are both necessary and sufficient for Arabidopsis viability. As this length is the estimated minimal length for t-loop formation, our data suggest that telomeres long enough to form a t-loop constitute the minimal functional length.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Watson, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trieb, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Troestl, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renfrew, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mandakova, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shippen, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riha, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/520163</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A hypomorphic allele of telomerase reverse transcriptase uncovers the minimal functional length of telomeres in Arabidopsis.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/453563v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
N-terminal β-strand underpins biochemical specialization of an ATG8 isoform 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/453563v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ATG8 is a highly-conserved ubiquitin-like protein that modulates autophagy pathways by binding autophagic membranes and numerous proteins, including cargo receptors and core autophagy components. Throughout plant evolution, ATG8 has expanded from a single protein in algae to multiple isoforms in higher plants. However, the degree to which ATG8 isoforms have functionally specialized to bind distinct proteins remains unclear. Here, we describe a comprehensive protein-protein interaction resource, obtained using in planta immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry, to define the potato ATG8 interactome. We discovered that ATG8 isoforms bind distinct sets of plant proteins with varying degrees of overlap. This prompted us to define the biochemical basis of ATG8 specialization by comparing two potato ATG8 isoforms using both in vivo protein interaction assays and in vitro quantitative binding affinity analyses. These experiments revealed that the N-terminal {beta}-strand--and, in particular, a single amino acid polymorphism--underpins binding specificity to the substrate PexRD54 by shaping the hydrophobic pocket that accommodates this proteins ATG8 interacting motif. Additional proteomics experiments indicated that the N-terminal {beta}-strand shapes the ATG8 interactor profiles, defining interaction specificity with about 80 plant proteins. Our findings are consistent with the view that ATG8 isoforms comprise a layer of specificity in the regulation of selective autophagy pathways in plants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zess, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jensen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cruz-Mireles, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De la Concepcion, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sklenar, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imre, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roitinger, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hughes, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belhaj, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mechtler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menke, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bozkurt, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banfield, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamoun, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maqbool, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dagdas, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/453563</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[N-terminal β-strand underpins biochemical specialization of an ATG8 isoform]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/834465v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
mRNA decapping machinery targets transcripts of the LBD3/ASL9 transcription factor to authorize formation of apical hook and lateral roots in Arabidopsis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/834465v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multicellular organisms perceive and transduce multiple cues to optimize developmental reprogramming and cell state switching. Key transcription factors drive developmental changes, but transitions also require the attenuation of previous states. Here, we demonstrate that the mRNA levels of the LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN 3 (LBD3) / ASYMMETRIC LEAVES 2-LIKE 9 (ASL9) transcription factor are directly regulated by mRNA decapping. Capped ASL9 transcripts accumulate in decapping deficient plants and ASL9 mRNAs are found together with decapping components. Accumulation of ASL9 inhibits apical hook and lateral roots formation and interestingly, exogenous auxin application restores lateral roots formation in both ASL9 overexpressor and mRNA decay-deficient mutants. Moreover, mutations in the cytokinin transcription factors type-B ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATORS (B-ARRs) ARR10 and ARR12 restore the developmental defects in apical hooking and lateral root formation caused by over-accumulation of capped ASL9 transcript upon ASL9 overexpression. Thus, the mRNA decay machinery directly targets ASL9 transcripts for decay to balance cytokinin/auxin responses during developmental reprogramming.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zuo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roux, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chevalier, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dagdas, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamashino, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petersen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/834465</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[mRNA decapping machinery targets transcripts of the LBD3/ASL9 transcription factor to authorize formation of apical hook and lateral roots in Arabidopsis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/102996v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Host autophagosomes are diverted to a plant-pathogen interface 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/102996v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Filamentous plant pathogens and symbionts invade their host cells but remain enveloped by host-derived membranes. The mechanisms underlying the biogenesis and functions of these host-microbe interfaces are poorly understood. Recently, we showed that PexRD54, an effector from the Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans, binds host protein ATG8CL to stimulate autophagosome formation and deplete the selective autophagy receptor Joka2 from ATG8CL complexes. Here, we show that during P. infestans infection, ATG8CL autophagosomes are diverted to the pathogen interface. Our findings are consistent with the view that the pathogen coopts host selective autophagy for its own benefit.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dagdas, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pandey, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanguankiattichai, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tumtas, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belhaj, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duggan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Segretin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamoun, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bozkurt, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-01-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/102996</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Host autophagosomes are diverted to a plant-pathogen interface]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-01-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/291294v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The anti-apoptosis ubiquitin E3 ligase XIAP promotes autophagosome-lysosome fusion during autophagy 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/291294v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein (IAP) family members are well-known endogenous regulators of apoptosis. Whether these proteins regulate other degradation pathways is unclear. Here, we discovered that the IAP member X-linked IAP (XIAP) is crucial for macroautophagy. Loss of XIAP in mouse and human cells inhibited starvation-induced degradation of LC3 proteins and an autophagy substrate p62. It also led to the accumulation of mature autophagosomes, suggesting that XIAP controls autophagic flux by mediating autolysosome formation. Xiap{triangleup}RING/{triangleup}RING cells phenocopy the autophagy defects of Xiap-/- cells, suggesting that the ubiquitinating activity mediated by the catalytic RING domain is critical for autophagic flux. We found that XIAP physically interacts with Syntaxin 17, a regulator of autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Syntaxin 17-positive mature autophagosomes positive accumulate in the cytoplasm of starved Xiap-/- cells, suggesting that XIAP might regulate its dissociation from autophagosomes after fusion. XIAP selectively interacts with GABARAP among LC3 family members via the LIR-Docking Site (LDS). Together, our data suggest that XIAP-mediated ubiquitination regulates key autophagy regulators to promote autophagosome-lysosome fusion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pötsch, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ebner, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deszcz, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bachtrog, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stephani, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dagdas, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ikeda, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/291294</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The anti-apoptosis ubiquitin E3 ligase XIAP promotes autophagosome-lysosome fusion during autophagy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/272757v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Adaptive Reduction of Male Gamete Number in a Selfing Species 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/272757v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The number of male gametes produced is critical for reproductive success and varies greatly between and within species1-3. Evolutionary reduction of male gamete production has been widely reported in plants as a hallmark of the selfing syndrome, as well as in humans. Such a reduction may simply represent deleterious decay4-7, but evolutionary theory predicts that breeding systems could act as a major selective force on male gamete number: while large numbers of sperm should be produced in highly promiscuous species because of male-male gamete competition1, reduced sperm numbers may be advantageous at lower outcrossing rates because of the cost of gamete production. Here we used genome-wide association study (GWAS) to show a signature of polygenic selection on pollen number in the predominantly selfing plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The top associations with pollen number were significantly more strongly enriched for signatures of selection than those for ovule number and 107 phenotypes analyzed previously, indicating polygenic selection8. Underlying the strongest association, responsible for 20% of total pollen number variation, we identified the gene REDUCED POLLEN NUMBER 1 affecting cell proliferation in the male germ line. We validated its subtle but causal allelic effects using a quantitative complementation test with CRISPR-Cas9-generated null mutants in a nonstandard wild accession. Our results support polygenic adaptation underlying reduced male gamete numbers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tsuchimatsu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kakui, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamazaki, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marona, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsutsui, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hedhly, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sato, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stadler, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grossniklaus, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanaoka, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lenhard, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nordborg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shimizu, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/272757</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Adaptive Reduction of Male Gamete Number in a Selfing Species]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/264101v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Aquilegia genome: adaptive radiation and an extraordinarily polymorphic chromosome with a unique history 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/264101v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The columbine genus Aquilegia is a classic example of an adaptive radiation, involving a wide variety of pollinators and habitats. Here we present the genome assembly of A. coerulea  Goldsmith, complemented by high-coverage sequencing data from 10 wild species covering the world-wide distribution. Our analyses reveal extensive allele sharing among species and demonstrate that introgression and selection played a role in the Aquilegia radiation. We also present the remarkable discovery that the evolutionary history of an entire chromosome differs from that of the rest of the genome - a phenomenon which we do not fully understand, but which highlights the need to consider chromosomes in an evolutionary context.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Filiault, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ballerini, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mandakova, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akoz, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Derieg, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmutz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jenkins, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grimwood, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayes, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hellsten, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barry, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mihaltcheva, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karafiatova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizhynska, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lysak, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hodges, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nordborg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/264101</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Aquilegia genome: adaptive radiation and an extraordinarily polymorphic chromosome with a unique history]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/479584v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The embryonic transcriptome of Arabidopsis thaliana 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/479584v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cellular differentiation is associated with changes in transcript populations. Accurate quantification of transcriptomes during development can thus provide global insights into differentiation processes including the fundamental specification and differentiation events operating during plant embryogenesis. However, multiple technical challenges have limited the ability to obtain high quality early embryonic transcriptomes, namely the low amount of RNA obtainable and contamination from surrounding endosperm and seed-coat tissues. We compared the performance of three low-input mRNA sequencing (mRNA-seq) library preparation kits on 0.1 to 5 nanograms (ng) of total RNA isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) embryos and identified a low-cost method with superior performance. This mRNA-seq method was then used to profile the transcriptomes of Arabidopsis embryos across eight developmental stages. By comprehensively comparing embryonic and post-embryonic transcriptomes, we found that embryonic transcriptomes do not resemble any other plant tissue we analyzed. Moreover, transcriptome clustering analyses revealed the presence of four distinct phases of embryogenesis which are enriched in specific biological processes. We also compared zygotic embryo transcriptomes with publicly available somatic embryo transcriptomes. Strikingly, we found little resemblance between zygotic embryos and somatic embryos derived from late-staged zygotic embryos suggesting that the molecular basis of somatic and zygotic embryogenesis are distinct from each other. In addition to the biological insights gained from our systematic characterization of the Arabidopsis embryonic transcriptome, we provide a data-rich resource for the community to explore.nnKey MessageArabidopsis embryos possess unique transcriptomes relative to other plant tissues including somatic embryos, and can be partitioned into four transcriptional phases with characteristic biological processes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hofmann, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schon, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nodine, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/479584</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The embryonic transcriptome of Arabidopsis thaliana]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/470401v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A novel model plant to study the light control of seed germination 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/470401v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Timing of seed germination is crucial for seed plants and coordinated by internal and external cues, reflecting adaptations to different habitats. Physiological and molecular studies with lettuce and Arabidopsis thaliana have documented a strict requirement for light to initiate germination and identified many receptors, signalling cascades, and hormonal control elements. In contrast, seed germination of several other plants is inhibited by light, but the molecular basis of this converse response is unknown. We describe Aethionema arabicum (Brassicaceae) as a suitable model plant to investigate the mechanism of germination inhibition by light, as it comprises accessions with natural variation between light-sensitive and light-neutral responses. Inhibition is independent of light wavelength and increases with light intensity and duration. Gibberellins and abscisic acid are involved in the control of germination as in Arabidopsis, but transcriptome comparisons of light- and dark-exposed Aethionema arabicum seeds revealed that expression of genes for key regulators upon light exposure undergo converse changes, resulting in antipodal hormone regulation. This illustrates that similar modular components of a pathway in light-inhibited, light-neutral and light requiring germination among the Brassicaceae have been assembled by evolution to produce divergent pathways, likely as adaptive traits.nnHighlightIn contrast to light requirement for Arabidopsis seed germination, germination of several Aethionema arabicum accessions is inhibited by light, due to antipodal transcriptional regulation of hormone balance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Merai, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graeber, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilhelmsson, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ullrich, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arshad, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grosche, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tarkowska, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tureckova, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strnad, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rensing, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leubner-Metzger, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mittelsten Scheid, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/470401</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A novel model plant to study the light control of seed germination]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/181198v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Plant genes influence microbial hubs that shape beneficial leaf communities 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/181198v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although complex interactions between hosts and microbial associates are increasingly well documented, we still know little about how and why hosts shape microbial communities in nature. In addition, host genetic effects on microbial communities vary widely depending on the environment, obscuring conclusions about which microbes are impacted and which plant functions are important. We characterized the leaf microbiota of 200 A. thaliana genotypes in eight field experiments and detected consistent host effects on specific, broadly distributed microbial OTUs. Host genetics disproportionately influenced hubs within the microbial communities, with their impact then percolating through the community, as evidenced by a decline in the heritability of particular OTUs with their distance to the nearest hub. By simultaneously measuring host performance, we found that host genetics associated with microbial hubs explained over 10% of the variation in lifetime seed production among host genotypes across sites and years. We successfully cultured one of these microbial hubs and demonstrated its growth-promoting effects on plants grown in sterile conditions. Finally, genome-wide association mapping identified many putatively causal genes with small effects on the relative abundance of microbial hubs across sites and years, and these genes were enriched for those involved in the synthesis of specialized metabolites, auxins and the immune system. Using untargeted metabolomics, we corroborate the consistent association of variation in specialized metabolites and microbial hubs across field sites. Together, our results reveal that host natural variation impacts the microbial communities in consistent ways across environments and that these effects contribute to fitness variation among host genotypes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brachi, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Filiault, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darme, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Mentec, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerdaffrec, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rabanal, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anastasio, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Box, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duncan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morton, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novikova, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perisin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsuchimatsu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woolley, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dean, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nordborg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holme, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergelson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/181198</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Plant genes influence microbial hubs that shape beneficial leaf communities]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.21.260547v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An Acentriolar Centrosome At The C. elegans Ciliary Base 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.21.260547v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In animal cells the functions of the cytoskeleton are coordinated by centriole-based centrosomes via microtubule-nucleating {gamma}-tubulin complexes embedded in the pericentriolar material or PCM [1]. PCM assembly has been best studied in the context of mitosis, where centriolar SPD-2 recruits PLK-1, which in turn phosphorylates key scaffolding components such as SPD-5 and CNN to promote expansion of the PCM polymer [2-4]. To what extent these mechanisms apply to centrosomes in interphase or in differentiated cells remains unclear [5]. Here, we examine a novel type of centrosome found at the ciliary base of C. elegans sensory neurons, which we show plays important roles in neuronal morphogenesis, cellular trafficking and ciliogenesis. These centrosomes display similar dynamic behavior to canonical, mitotic centrosomes, with a stable PCM scaffold and dynamically localized client proteins. Unusually, however, they are not organized by centrioles, which degenerate early in terminal differentiation [6]. Yet, PCM not only persists but continues to grow with key scaffolding proteins including SPD-5 expressed under control of the RFX transcription factor DAF-19. This assembly occurs in the absence of the mitotic regulators SPD-2, AIR-1 and PLK-1, but requires tethering by PCMD-1, a protein which also plays a role in the initial, interphase recruitment of PCM in early embryos [7]. These results argue for distinct mechanisms for mitotic and non-mitotic PCM assembly, with only the former requiring PLK-1 phosphorylation to drive rapid expansion of the scaffold polymer.

ETOC BLURBCentrioles play a critical role in mitotic centrosome assembly. Here, Garbrecht et al. show that pericentriolar material (PCM) persists at the ciliary base of C. elegans sensory neurons after centriole degeneration, where it contributes to neuronal morphogenesis and cellular trafficking. Remarkably, this PCM displays dynamic properties similar to canonical centrosomes, yet its continued assembly and maintenance is independent of known mitotic regulators, suggesting differential mechanisms for mitotic and non-mitotic centrosome assembly.

HIGHLIGHTSO_LIPCM persists at the acentriolar ciliary base in C. elegans
C_LIO_LIPCM assembles in a SPD-2, AIR-1 and PLK-1-independent manner
C_LIO_LIPCMD-1 tethers PCM at the ciliary base in the absence of centrioles
C_LIO_LIPCM is required for neuronal morphogenesis and cilium assembly
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Garbrecht, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laos, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holzer, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dillinger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dammermann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.21.260547</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An Acentriolar Centrosome At The C. elegans Ciliary Base]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.03.234229v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Assembly defects of the human tRNA splicing endonuclease contribute to impaired pre-tRNA processing in pontocerebellar hypoplasia 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.03.234229v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Introns of human transfer RNA precursors (pre-tRNAs) are excised by the tRNA splicing endonuclease TSEN in complex with the RNA kinase CLP1. Mutations in TSEN/CLP1 occur in patients with pontocerebellar hypoplasia (PCH), however, their role in the disease is unclear. Here, we show that intron excision is catalyzed by tetrameric TSEN assembled from inactive heterodimers independently of CLP1. Splice site recognition involves the mature domain and the anticodon-intron base pair of pre-tRNAs. The 2.1-[A] resolution X-ray crystal structure of a TSEN15-34 heterodimer and differential scanning fluorimetry analyses show that PCH mutations cause thermal destabilization. While endonuclease activity in recombinant mutant TSEN is unaltered, we observe assembly defects and reduced pre-tRNA cleavage activity resulting in an imbalanced pre-tRNA pool in PCH patient-derived fibroblasts. Our work defines the molecular principles of intron excision in humans and provides evidence that modulation of TSEN stability may contribute to PCH phenotypes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sekulovski, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devant, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panizza, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gogakos, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pitiriciu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heitmeier, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramsay, E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barth, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weitzer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuschl, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baas, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trowitzsch, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.03.234229</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Assembly defects of the human tRNA splicing endonuclease contribute to impaired pre-tRNA processing in pontocerebellar hypoplasia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.25.170969v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Expansin-controlled cell wall stiffness regulates root growth in Arabidopsis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.25.170969v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Expansins facilitate cell expansion via mediating pH-dependent cell wall (CW) loosening. However, the role of expansins in the control of biomechanical CW properties in the tissue and organ context remains elusive. We determined hormonal responsiveness and specificity of expression and localization of expansins predicted to be direct targets of cytokinin signalling. We found EXPA1 homogenously distributed throughout the CW of columella/ lateral root cap, while EXPA10 and EXPA14 localized predominantly at the three-cell boundaries of epidermis/cortex in various root zones. Cell type-specific localization of EXPA15 overlaps with higher CW stiffness measured via Brillouin light scattering microscopy. As indicated by both Brillouin frequency shift and AFM-measured Youngs modulus, EXPA1 overexpression upregulated CW stiffness, associated with shortening of the root apical meristem and root growth arrest. We propose that root growth in Arabidopsis requires delicate orchestration of biomechanical CW properties via tight regulation of various expansins localization to specific cell types and extracellular domains.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Samalova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elsayad, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melnikava, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peaucelle, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gahurova, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gumulec, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spyroglou, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zemlyanskaya, E. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ubogoeva, E. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hejatko, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.25.170969</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Expansin-controlled cell wall stiffness regulates root growth in Arabidopsis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.06.189431v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cardioids reveal self-organizing principles of human cardiogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.06.189431v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Organoids that self-organize into tissue-like structures have transformed our ability to model human development and disease. To date, all major organs can be mimicked using self-organizing organoids with the notable exception of the human heart. Here, we established self-organizing cardioids from human pluripotent stem cells that intrinsically specify, pattern and morph into chamber-like structures containing a cavity. Cardioid complexity can be controlled by signaling that instructs the separation of cardiomyocyte and endothelial layers, and by directing epicardial spreading, inward migration and differentiation. We find that cavity morphogenesis is governed by a mesodermal WNT-BMP signaling axis and requires its target HAND1, a transcription factor linked to human heart chamber cavity defects. In parallel, a WNT-VEGF axis coordinates myocardial self-organization with endothelial patterning and specification. Human cardioids represent a powerful platform to mechanistically dissect self-organization and congenital heart defects, serving as a foundation for future translational research.

Highlights- Cardioids form cardiac-like chambers with inner endothelial lining and interact with epicardium
- Cardioid self-organization and lineage complexity can be controlled by signaling
- WNT-BMP signaling directs cavity formation in self-organized cardioids via HAND1
- WNT-VEGF coordinate endothelial patterning with myocardial cavity morphogenesis
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hofbauer, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahnel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papai, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giesshammer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tavernini, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grdseloff, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penc, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meledeth, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deyett, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ctortecka, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salic, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novatchkova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendjan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.06.189431</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cardioids reveal self-organizing principles of human cardiogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.02.184937v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Arabidopsis Poly(ADP-ribose)-binding protein RCD1 interacts with Photoregulatory Protein Kinases in nuclear bodies 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.02.184937v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Continuous reprogramming of gene expression in response to environmental signals is required for plant survival in changing environment. One mechanism responsible for this is signaling through hub proteins that integrate external stimuli and transcriptional responses. RADICAL-INDUCED CELL DEATH1 (RCD1) functions as a nuclear hub protein, that interacts with a variety of transcription factors through its C-terminal RST domain and acts as a co-regulator of numerous stress responses in plants. Here, a previously unknown function for RCD1 as a novel plant poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) reader protein is described. RCD1 localizes to specific locations inside the nucleus, in a PAR-dependent manner; its N-terminal WWE domain o binds PAR and together with the PARP-like domain determines its localization to nuclear bodies (NBs), which is prevented by inhibition of PAR synthesis. RCD1 also interacts with Photoregulatory Protein Kinases (PPKs) that co-localize with RCD1 in the NBs. The PPKs, that have been associated with circadian clock, abscisic acid, and light signaling pathways, phosphorylate RCD1 at multiple sites in the intrinsically disordered region between the WWE and PARP-like domains. This affects its stability and functions in the nucleus and1 provides a mechanism where the turnover of a PAR-binding transcriptional co-regulator is controlled by nuclear protein kinases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vainonen, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shapiguzov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krasensky-Wrzaczek, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Masi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gossens, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danciu, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Battchikova, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jonak, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wirthmueller, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wrzaczek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kangasjärvi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.02.184937</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Arabidopsis Poly(ADP-ribose)-binding protein RCD1 interacts with Photoregulatory Protein Kinases in nuclear bodies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.03.23.000109v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cooperative molecular networks drive a mammalian cell state transition 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.03.23.000109v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the mammalian embryo, epiblast cells must exit their naive state and acquire formative pluripotency. This cell state transition is recapitulated by mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), which undergo pluripotency progression in defined conditions in vitro. However, our understanding of the molecular cascades and gene-networks involved in the exit from naive pluripotency remains fragmented. Here we employed a combination of genetic screens in haploid ESCs, CRISPR/Cas9 gene disruption, large-scale transcriptomics and computational systems-biology to delineate the regulatory circuits governing naive state exit. Transcriptome profiles for 73 knockout ESC lines predominantly manifest delays on the trajectory from naive to formative epiblast. We find that gene networks operative in ESCs are active during transition from pre- to post-implantation epiblast in utero. We identified 374 naive-associated genes tightly connected to epiblast state and largely conserved in human ESCs and primate embryos. Integrated analysis of mutant transcriptomes revealed funneling of multiple gene activities into discrete regulatory modules. Finally, we delineate how intersections with signaling pathways direct this pivotal mammalian cell state transition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lackner, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sehlke, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garmhausen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stirparo, G. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huth, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Titz-Teixeira, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Lelij, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramesmayer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, H. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ralser, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santini, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beyer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leeb, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.23.000109</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cooperative molecular networks drive a mammalian cell state transition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/826180v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structures of three MORN repeat proteins and a re-evaluation of the proposed lipid-binding properties of MORN repeats 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/826180v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MORN (Membrane Occupation and Recognition Nexus) repeat proteins have a wide taxonomic distribution, being found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Despite this ubiquity, they remain poorly characterised at both a structural and a functional level compared to other common repeats. In functional terms, they are often assumed to be lipid-binding modules that mediate membrane targeting. We addressed this putative activity by focusing on a protein composed solely of MORN repeats - Trypanosoma brucei MORN1. Surprisingly, no evidence for binding to membranes or lipid vesicles by TbMORN1 could be obtained either in vivo or in vitro. Conversely, TbMORN1 did interact with individual phospholipids. High- and low-resolution structures of the MORN1 protein from Trypanosoma brucei and homologous proteins from the parasites Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium falciparum were obtained using a combination of macromolecular crystallography, small-angle X-ray scattering, and electron microscopy. This enabled a first structure-based definition of the MORN repeat itself. Furthermore, all three structures dimerised via their C-termini in an antiparallel configuration. The dimers could form extended or V-shaped quaternary structures depending on the presence of specific interface residues. This work provides a new perspective on MORN repeats, showing that they are protein-protein interaction modules capable of mediating both dimerisation and oligomerisation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sajko, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grishkovskaya, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kostan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graewert, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Setiawan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Truebestein, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niedermuller, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gehin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sponga, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puchinger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gavin, A.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Svergun, D. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leonard, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, T. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morriswood, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Djinovic-Carugo, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/826180</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structures of three MORN repeat proteins and a re-evaluation of the proposed lipid-binding properties of MORN repeats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/676270v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Peroxiredoxin promotes longevity and H2O2-resistance in yeast through redox-modification of PKA 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/676270v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Peroxiredoxins are H2O2 scavenging enzymes that also carry H2O2 signaling and chaperone functions. In yeast, the major cytosolic peroxiredoxin, Tsa1 is required for both promoting resistance to H2O2 and extending lifespan upon caloric restriction. We show here that Tsa1 effects both these functions not by scavenging H2O2, but by repressing the nutrient signaling Ras-cAMP-PKA pathway at the level of the protein kinase A (PKA) enzyme. Tsa1 stimulates sulfenylation of cysteines in the PKA catalytic subunit by H2O2 and a significant proportion of the catalytic subunits are glutathionylated on two cysteine residues. Redox modification of the conserved Cys243 inhibits the phosphorylation of a conserved Thr241 in the kinase activation loop and enzyme activity, and preventing Thr241 phosphorylation can overcome the H2O2 sensitivity of Tsa1-deficient cells. Results support a model of aging where nutrient signaling pathways constitute hubs integrating information from multiple aging-related conduits, including a peroxiredoxin-dependent response to H2O2.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Molin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roger, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Picazo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asami, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reiter, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanzen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lagniel, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welkenhuysen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Labarre, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nyström, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grotli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartl, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/676270</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Peroxiredoxin promotes longevity and H2O2-resistance in yeast through redox-modification of PKA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.22.164467v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Keratins couple with the nuclear lamina and regulate proliferation in colonic epithelial cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.22.164467v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Keratin intermediate filaments (IFs) convey mechanical stability and protection against stress to epithelial cells, and may participate in nuclear structure and organization. Keratins are important for colon health as observed in keratin 8 knockout (K8-/-) mice, which exhibit colonic inflammation and epithelial hyperproliferation. Here, using a full body and two intestinal epithelial-specific K8-/- knockout mouse models, we determine if cytoplasmic keratins affect the nuclear structure and lamina in epithelial colonocytes. K8-/- colonocytes in vivo and in organoid cultures exhibit significantly decreased levels of the major lamins A/C, B1 and B2 in a colon-specific and cell-intrinsic manner independent of major changes in colonic inflammation or microbiota. Downregulation of K8 by siRNA in Caco-2 cells similarly decreases lamin A levels, which recover after re-expression of K8. K8 loss is associated with reduced plectin, LINC complex proteins and lamin-associated proteins, indicating a dysfunctional keratin-nuclear lamina coupling. Immunoprecipitation identifies complexes of colonocyte keratins with the LINC protein SUN2 and lamin A. Hyperphosphorylation of the lamin A-associated cell cycle regulator pRb in K8-/- colonocytes together with increased nuclear localization of the mechanosensor YAP provide a molecular mechanism for the hyperproliferation phenotype. These findings identify a novel, colonocyte-specific role for K8 in nuclear function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stenvall, C.-G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nyström, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Butler-Hallissey, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adam, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foisner, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ridge, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldman, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toivola, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.22.164467</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Keratins couple with the nuclear lamina and regulate proliferation in colonic epithelial cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.18.156216v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Membrane Interactions of α-Synuclein Revealed by Multiscale Molecular Dynamics Simulations, Markov State Models, and NMR 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.18.156216v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
-Synuclein is a presynaptic protein that binds to cell membranes and is linked to Parkinsons disease (PD). Whilst the normal function of remains -synuclein remains uncertain, it is thought that oligomerization of the protein on the cell membrane contributes to cell damage. Knowledge of how -synuclein binds to lipid bilayers is therefore of great interest as a likely first step in the molecular pathophysiology of PD, and may provide insight of the phenotype of PD-promoting mutations. We use coarse-grained and atomistic simulations in conjunction with NMR and cross-linking mass spectrometry studies of -synuclein bound to anionic lipid bilayers to reveal a break in the helical structure of the NAC region, which may give rise to subsequent oligomer formation. Coarse-grained simulations of -synuclein show that the interhelical region leads recognition and binding to both POPG and mixed composition bilayers and identifies important protein-lipid contacts, including those in the region between the two helices in the folded structure. We extend these simulations with all-atom simulations of the initial binding event to reveal details of the time-progression of lipid binding. We present secondary structure analysis that reveals points of possible {beta}-strand formation in the structure, and investigate intramolecular contacts with simulations and mass-spectrometry crosslinking. Additionally we show how Markov state models can be used to investigate possible conformational changes of membrane bound -synuclein in the NAC region, and we extract representative structures. These structural insights will aid the design and development of novel therapeutic approaches.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Amos, S.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwarz, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shih, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cossins, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Konrat, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sansom, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.18.156216</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Membrane Interactions of α-Synuclein Revealed by Multiscale Molecular Dynamics Simulations, Markov State Models, and NMR]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.30.124925v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PP2A-Rts1 antagonizes Rck2-mediated hyperosmotic stress signaling in yeast 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.30.124925v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae impairment of protein phosphatase PP2ARts1 leads to temperature and hyperosmotic stress sensitivity, yet the underlying mechanism and the scope of action of the phosphatase in the stress response remain elusive. Using quantitative mass spectrometry-based approaches we have identified a set of putative substrate proteins that show both, hyperosmotic stress- and PP2ARts1-dependent changes in their phosphorylation pattern. A comparative analysis with published MS-shotgun data revealed that the phosphorylation status of many of these sites is regulated by the MAPKAP kinase Rck2, suggesting a node of regulation. Detailed gel mobility shift assays and protein-protein interaction analysis strongly suggest that Rck2 activity is directly regulated by PP2ARts1 via a SLiM B56-family interaction motif, uncovering a previously unknown mechanism of how PP2A influences the response to hyperosmotic stress in Yeast.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hollenstein, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romanov, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerecova, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ogris, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartl, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ammerer, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reiter, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.30.124925</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PP2A-Rts1 antagonizes Rck2-mediated hyperosmotic stress signaling in yeast]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.13.091470v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
iDePP: a genetically encoded system for the inducible depletion of PI(4,5)P2 in Arabidopsis thaliana. 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.13.091470v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] is a low abundant lipid present at the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells. Extensive studies in animal cells revealed the pleiotropic functions of PI(4,5)P2. In plant cells, PI(4,5)P2 is involved in various cellular processes including the regulation of cell polarity and tip growth, clathrin-mediated endocytosis, polar auxin transport, actin dynamics or membrane-contact sites. To date, most studies investigating the role of PI(4,5)P2 in plants have relied on mutants lacking enzymes responsible for PI(4,5)P2 synthesis and degradation. However, such genetic perturbations only allow steady-state analysis of plants undergoing their life cycle in PI(4,5)P2 deficient conditions and the corresponding mutants are likely to induce a range of non-causal (untargeted) effects driven by compensatory mechanisms. In addition, there are no small molecule inhibitors that are available in plants to specifically block the production of this lipid. Thus, there is currently no system to fine tune PI(4,5)P2 content in plant cells. Here we report a genetically encoded and inducible synthetic system, iDePP (Inducible Depletion of PI(4,5)P2 in Plants), that efficiently removes PI(4,5)P2 from the plasma membrane in different organs of Arabidopsis thaliana, including root meristem, root hair and shoot apical meristem. We show that iDePP allows the inducible depletion of PI(4,5)P2 in less than three hours. Using this strategy, we reveal that PI(4,5)P2 is critical for cortical microtubule organization. Together, we propose that iDePP is a simple and efficient genetic tool to test the importance of PI(4,5)P2 in given cellular or developmental responses but also to evaluate the importance of this lipid in protein localization.

Research OrganismA. thaliana
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Doumane, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lebecq, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fangain, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bareille, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamant, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belkhadir, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaillais, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caillaud, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.13.091470</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[iDePP: a genetically encoded system for the inducible depletion of PI(4,5)P2 in Arabidopsis thaliana.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/005918v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Simultaneous estimation of transcript abundances and transcript specific fragment distributions of RNA-Seq data with the Mix2 model 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/005918v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Quantification of RNA transcripts with RNA-Seq is inaccurate due to positional fragmentation bias, which is not represented appropriately by current statistical models of RNA-Seq data. Another, less investigated, source of error is the inaccuracy of transcript start and end annotations.nnThis article introduces the Mix2 (rd. "mixquare") model, which uses a mixture of probability distributions to model the transcript specific positional fragment bias. The parameters of the Mix2 model can be efficiently trained with the EM algorithm and are tied between similar transcripts. Transcript specific shift and scale parameters allow the Mix2 model to automatically correct inaccurate transcript start and end annotations. Experiments are conducted on synthetic data covering 7 genes of different complexity, 4 types of fragment bias and correct as well as incorrect transcript start and end annotations. Abundance estimates obtained by Cufflinks 2.2.0, PennSeq and the Mix2 model show superior performance of the Mix2 model in the vast majority of test conditions.nnThe Mix2 software is available at http://www.lexogen.com/fileadmin/uploads/bioinfo/mix2model.tgz, subject to the enclosed license.nnAdditional experimental data are available in the supplement.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Andreas Tuerk</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gregor Wiktorin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2014-06-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/005918</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Simultaneous estimation of transcript abundances and transcript specific fragment distributions of RNA-Seq data with the Mix2 model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2014-06-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/011767v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mixture models reveal multiple positional bias types in RNA-Seq data and lead to accurate transcript concentration estimates 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/011767v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Quantification of RNA transcripts with RNA-Seq is inaccurate due to positional fragment bias, which is not represented appropriately by current statistical models of RNA-Seq data. This article introduces the Mix2(rd. "mixquare") model, which uses a mixture of probability distributions to model the transcript specific positional fragment bias. The parameters of the Mix2 model can be efficiently trained with the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm resulting in simultaneous estimates of the transcript abundances and transcript specific positional biases. Experiments are conducted on synthetic data and the Universal Human Reference (UHR) and Brain (HBR) sample from the Microarray quality control (MAQC) data set. Comparing the correlation between qPCR and FPKM values to state-of-the-art methods Cufflinks and PennSeq we obtain an increase in R2 value from 0.44 to 0.6 and from 0.34 to 0.54. In the detection of differential expression between UHR and HBR the true positive rate increases from 0.44 to 0.71 at a false positive rate of 0.1. Finally, the Mix2 model is used to investigate biases present in the MAQC data. This reveals 5 dominant biases which deviate from the common assumption of a uniform fragment distribution. The Mix2 software is available at http://www.lexogen.com/fileadmin/uploads/bioinfo/mix2model.tgz.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Andreas Tuerk</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gregor Wiktorin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serhat Güler</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2014-11-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/011767</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mixture models reveal multiple positional bias types in RNA-Seq data and lead to accurate transcript concentration estimates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2014-11-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/012609v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-wide Ultrabithorax binding analysis reveals highly targeted genomic loci at developmental regulators and a potential connection to Polycomb-mediated regulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/012609v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hox homeodomain transcription factors are key regulators of animal development. They specify the identity of segments along the anterior-posterior body axis in metazoans by controlling the expression of diverse downstream targets, including transcription factors and signaling pathway components. The Drosophila melanogaster Hox factor Ultrabithorax (Ubx) directs the development of thoracic and abdominal segments and appendages, and loss of Ubx function can lead for example to the transformation of third thoracic segment appendages (e.g. halters) into second thoracic segment appendages (e.g. wings), resulting in a characteristic four-wing phenotype. Here we present a Drosophila melanogaster strain with a V5-epitope tagged Ubx allele, which we employed to obtain a high quality genome-wide map of Ubx binding sites using ChIP-seq. We confirm the sensitivity of the V5 ChIP-seq by recovering 7/8 of well-studied Ubx-dependent cis-regulatory regions. Moreover, we show that Ubx binding is predictive of enhancer activity as suggested by comparison with a genome-scale resource of in vivo tested enhancer candidates. We observed densely clustered Ubx binding sites at 12 extended genomic loci that included ANTP-C, BX-C, Polycomb complex genes, and other regulators and the clustered binding sites were frequently active enhancers. Furthermore, Ubx binding was detected at known Polycomb response elements (PREs) and was associated with significant enrichments of Pc and Pho ChIP signals in contrast to binding sites of other developmental TFs. Together, our results show that Ubx targets developmental regulators via strongly clustered binding sites and allow us to hypothesize that regulation by Ubx might involve Polycomb group proteins to maintain specific regulatory states in cooperative or mutually exclusive fashion, an attractive model that combines two groups of proteins with prominent gene regulatory roles during animal development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Daria Shlyueva</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antonio C.A. Meireles-Filho</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michaela Pagani</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexander Stark</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2014-12-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/012609</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-wide Ultrabithorax binding analysis reveals highly targeted genomic loci at developmental regulators and a potential connection to Polycomb-mediated regulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2014-12-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/023432v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Super-resolution imaging reveals structurally distinct periodic patterns of chromatin along pachytene chromosomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/023432v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During meiosis, homologous chromosomes associate to form a unique structure called synaptonemal complex (SC) whose disruption leads to infertility. Information about the epigenetic features of chromatin within this structure at the level of super-resolution microscopy is largely lacking. We combined single molecule localization microscopy with quantitative analytical methods to describe the epigenetic landscape of meiotic chromosomes at the pachytene stage in mouse oocytes. DNA is found to be non-randomly distributed along the length of the SC in condensed clusters. Periodic clusters of repressive chromatin (trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 27, H3K27me3) are found at 500 nm intervals along the SC, while one of the ends of SC displays a large and dense cluster of centromeric histone mark (trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 9, H3K9me3). Chromatin associated with active transcription (trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 4, H3K4me3) is arranged in a radial hair-like loop pattern emerging laterally from the SC. These loops seem to be punctuated with small clusters of H3K4me3 mark with an average spread larger than their spacing. Our findings indicate that the nanoscale structure of the pachytene chromosomes is constrained by periodic patterns of chromatin marks, whose function in recombination and higher-order genome organisation is yet to be elucidated.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kirti Prakash</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David Fournier</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stefan Redl</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerrit Best</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Máté Borsos</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>René Ketting</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>KiKuë Tachibana-Konwalski</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christoph Cremer</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Udo Birk</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-08-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/023432</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Super-resolution imaging reveals structurally distinct periodic patterns of chromatin along pachytene chromosomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-08-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/032292v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Automatic segmentation of Drosophila neural compartments using GAL4 expression data reveals novel visual pathways 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/032292v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We made use of two recent, large-scale Drosophila GAL4 libraries and associated confocal imaging datasets to automatically segment large brain regions into smaller putative functional units such as neuropils and fiber tracts. The method we developed is based on the hypothesis that molecular identity can be used to assign individual voxels to biologically meaningful regions. Our results (available at https://strawlab.org/braincode) are consistent with this hypothesis because regions with well-known anatomy, namely the antennal lobes and central complex, were automatically segmented into familiar compartments. We then applied the algorithm to the central brain regions receiving input from the optic lobes. Based on the automated segmentation and manual validation, we can identify and provide promising driver lines for 10 previously identified and 14 novel types of visual projection neurons and their associated optic glomeruli. The same strategy can be used in other brain regions and likely other species, including vertebrates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Karin Panser</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laszlo Tirian</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Florian Schulze</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santiago Villalba</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gregory SXE Jefferis</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katja Buehler</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrew D Straw</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-11-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/032292</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Automatic segmentation of Drosophila neural compartments using GAL4 expression data reveals novel visual pathways]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-11-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/037978v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sensitive whole mount in situ localization of small RNAs in plants 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/037978v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Small regulatory RNAs are pivotal regulators of gene expression and play important roles in many plant processes. Although our knowledge of their biogenesis and mode of action has significantly progressed, we comparatively still know little about their biological functions. In particular, knowledge about their spatiotemporal patterns of expression rely on either indirect detection by use of reporter constructs or labor-intensive direct detection by in situ hybridization on sectioned material. None of the current approaches allows for a systematic investigation of small RNAs expression patterns.Here, we present a method for the sensitive in situ detection of micro-and siRNAs in intact plant tissues that utilizes both double-labelled probes and a specific cross linker. We determined the expression patterns of several small RNAs in plant roots and embryos.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mouli Ghosh Dastidar</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magdalena Mosiolek</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael D Nodine</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexis Maizel</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-01-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/037978</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sensitive whole mount in situ localization of small RNAs in plants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-01-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/070037v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Predicting functional neuroanatomical maps from fusing brain networks with genetic information 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/070037v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A central aim, from basic neuroscience to psychiatry, is to resolve how genes control brain circuitry and behavior. This is experimentally hard, since most brain functions and behaviors are controlled by multiple genes. In low throughput, one gene at a time, experiments, it is therefore difficult to delineate the neural circuitry through which these sets of genes express their behavioral effects. The increasing amount of publicly available brain and genetic data offers a rich source that could be mined to address this problem computationally. However, most computational approaches are not tailored to reflect functional synergies in brain circuitry accumulating within sets of genes. Here, we developed an algorithm that fuses gene expression and connectivity data with functional genetic meta data and exploits such cumulative effects to predict neuroanatomical maps for multigenic functions. These maps recapture known functional anatomical annotations from literature and functional MRI data. When applied to meta data from mouse QTLs and human neuropsychiatric databases, our method predicts functional maps underlying behavioral or psychiatric traits. We show that it is possible to predict functional neuroanatomy from mouse and human genetic meta data and provide a discovery tool for high throughput functional exploration of brain anatomy in silico.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Florian Ganglberger</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joanna Kaczanowska</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Josef M. Penninger</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreas Hess</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katja Buehler</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wulf Haubensak</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-08-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/070037</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Predicting functional neuroanatomical maps from fusing brain networks with genetic information]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-08-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/080747v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SIRVs: Spike-In RNA Variants as External Isoform Controls in RNA-Sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/080747v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spike-In RNA variants (SIRVs) enable for the first time the validation of RNA sequencing workflows using external isoform transcript controls. 69 transcripts, derived from seven human model genes, cover the eukaryotic transcriptome complexity of start- and end-site variations, alternative splicing, overlapping genes, and antisense transcription in a condensed format. Reference RNA samples were spiked with SIRV mixes, sequenced, and exemplarily four data evaluation pipelines were challenged to account for biases introduced by the RNA-Seq workflow. The deviations of the respective isoform quantifications from the known inputs allow to determine the comparability of sequencing experiments and to extrapolate to which degree alterations in an RNA-Seq workflow affect gene expression measurements. The SIRVs as external isoform controls are an important gauge for inter-experimental comparability and a modular spike-in contribution to clear the way for diagnostic RNA-Seq applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Paul, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kubala, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horner, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ante, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hollaender, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexander, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reda, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-10-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/080747</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SIRVs: Spike-In RNA Variants as External Isoform Controls in RNA-Sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-10-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/088088v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unstable inheritance of 45S rRNA genes in Arabidopsis thaliana 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/088088v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The considerable genome size variation in Arabidopsis thaliana has been shown largely to be due to copy number variation (CNV) in 45S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. Surprisingly, attempts to map this variation by means of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) failed to identify either of the two likely sources, namely the nucleolar organizer regions (NORs). Instead, GWAS implicated a trans-acting locus, as if rRNA CNV was a phenotype rather than a genotype. To explain these results, we investigated the inheritance and stability of rRNA gene copy number using the variety of genetic resources available in A. thaliana -- F2 crosses, recombinant inbred lines, the multiparent advanced generation inter-cross population, and mutation accumulation lines. Our results clearly show that rRNA gene CNV can be mapped to the NORs themselves, with both loci contributing equally to the variation. However, NOR size is unstably inherited, and dramatic copy number changes are visible already within tens of generations, which explains why it is not possible to map the NORs using GWAS. We did not find any evidence of trans-acting loci in crosses, which is also expected since changes due to such loci would take very many generations to manifest themselves. rRNA gene copy number is thus an interesting example of "missing heritability" -- a trait that is heritable in pedigrees, but not in the general population.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rabanal, F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizhynska, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mandakova, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novikova, P. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lysak, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mott, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nordborg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-11-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/088088</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unstable inheritance of 45S rRNA genes in Arabidopsis thaliana]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-11-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/088989v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ancient hybridization and strong adaptation to viruses across African vervet monkey populations 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/088989v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Vervet monkeys (genus Chlorocebus, also known as African green monkeys), are highly abundant in savannahs and riverine forests throughout sub-Saharan Africa. They are amongst the most widely distributed nonhuman primates, show considerable phenotypic diversity, and have long been an important biomedical model for a variety of human diseases1 and in vaccine research2-4. They are particularly interesting for HIV/AIDS research as they are the most abundant natural hosts of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), a close relative of HIV. Here we present the first genome-wide survey of polymorphism in vervets, using sequencing data from 163 individuals sampled from across Africa and the Caribbean islands where vervets were introduced during the colonial era. We find high diversity, within and between taxa, and clear evidence that taxonomic divergence was reticulate rather than following a simple branching pattern. A scan for diversifying selection across vervet taxa yields gene enrichments much stronger than in similar studies on humans5. In particular, we report strong and highly polygenic selection signals affecting viral processes -- in line with recent evidence that proposes a driving role for viruses in protein evolution in mammals6. Furthermore, selection scores are highly elevated in genes whose human orthologs interact with HIV, and in genes that show a response to experimental SIV infection in vervet monkeys but not in rhesus macaques, suggesting that part of the signal reflects taxon-specific adaptation to SIV. Intriguingly, rather than affecting genes with antiviral and inflammatory-related functions7, selection in vervets appears to have primarily targeted genes involved in the transcriptional regulation of viruses, and in particular those that are harmful only under immunodeficiency, suggesting adaptation to living with SIV rather than defense against infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Svardal, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jasinska, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Apetrei, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coppola, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmitt, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacquelin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Müller-Trutwin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weinstock, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grobler, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turner, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warren, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freimer, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nordborg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-11-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/088989</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ancient hybridization and strong adaptation to viruses across African vervet monkey populations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-11-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/098228v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Patterns of polymorphism at the self-incompatibility locus in 1,083 Arabidopsis thaliana genomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/098228v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although the transition to selfing in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana involved the loss of the self-incompatibility (SI) system, it clearly did not occur due to the fixation of a single inactivating mutation at the locus determining the specificities of SI (the S-locus). At least three groups of divergent haplotypes (haplogroups), corresponding to ancient functional S-alleles, have been maintained at this locus, and extensive functional studies have shown that all three carry distinct inactivating mutations. However, the historical process of loss of SI is not well understood, in particular its relation with the last glaciation. Here, we took advantage of recently published genomic re-sequencing data in 1,083 Arabidopsis thaliana accessions that we combined with BAC sequencing to obtain polymorphism information for the whole S-locus region at a species-wide scale. The accessions differed by several major rearrangements including large deletions and inter-haplogroup recombinations, forming a set of haplogroups that are widely distributed throughout the native range and largely overlap geographically.  Relict A. thaliana accessions that directly derive from glacial refugia are polymorphic at the S-locus, suggesting that the three haplogroups were already present when glacial refugia from the last Ice Age became isolated. Inter-haplogroup recombinant haplotypes were highly frequent, and detailed analysis of recombination breakpoints suggested multiple independent origins. These findings suggest that the complete loss of SI in A. thaliana involved independent self-compatible mutants that arose prior to the last Ice Age, and experienced further rearrangements during post-glacial colonization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tsuchimatsu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goubet, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallina, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holl, A.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fobis-Loisy, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berges, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marande, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prat, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Platzer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nordborg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vekemans, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castric, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-01-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/098228</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Patterns of polymorphism at the self-incompatibility locus in 1,083 Arabidopsis thaliana genomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-01-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/109520v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Verification of Arabidopsis stock collections using SNPmatch - an algorithm for genotyping high-plexed samples 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/109520v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Large-scale studies such as the Arabidopsis thaliana 1001 Genomes Project aim to understand genetic variation in populations and link it to phenotypic variation. Such studies require routine genotyping of stocks to avoid sample contamination and mix-ups. To genotype samples efficiently and economically, sequencing must be inexpensive and data processing simple. Here we present SNPmatch, a tool which identifies the most likely strain (inbred line, or "accession") from a SNP database. We tested the tool by performing low-coverage sequencing of over 2000 strains. SNPmatch could readily genotype samples correctly from 1-fold coverage sequencing data, and could also identify the parents of F1 or F2 individuals. SNPmatch can be run either on the command line or through AraGeno (https://arageno.gmi.oeaw.ac.at), a web interface that permits sample genotyping from a user-uploaded VCF or BED file.nnAvailability and implementation: https://github.com/Gregor-Mendel-Institute/SNPmatch.git
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pisupati, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reichardt, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seren, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korte, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizhynska, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerdaffrec, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uzunova, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rabanal, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Filiault, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nordborg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-02-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/109520</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Verification of Arabidopsis stock collections using SNPmatch - an algorithm for genotyping high-plexed samples]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-02-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/117879v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Maternal Environment Interacts With Genetic Variation In Regulating Seed Dormancy In Arabidopsis thaliana 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/117879v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Seed dormancy is a complex adaptive trait that controls the timing of seed germination, one of the major fitness components in many plant species. Despite being highly heritable, seed dormancy is extremely plastic and influenced by a wide range of environmental cues. Here, using a set of 92 Arabidopsis thaliana lines from Sweden, we investigate the effect of seed maturation temperature on dormancy variation at the population level. The response to temperature differs dramatically between lines, demonstrating that genotype and the maternal environment interact in controlling the trait. By performing a genome-wide association study (GWAS), we identified several candidate genes that could account for this plasticity, two of which are involved in the photoinduction of germination. Altogether, our results provide insight into both the molecular mechanisms and the evolution of dormancy plasticity, and can serve to improve our understanding of environmentally dependent life-history transitions.nnHighlightThe effect of low seed-maturation temperatures on seed dormancy is highly variable in Arabidopsis thaliana accessions from Sweden, denoting strong genotype-environment interactions, and a genome-wide association study identified compelling candidates that could account for this plasticity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kerdaffrec, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nordborg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-03-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/117879</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Maternal Environment Interacts With Genetic Variation In Regulating Seed Dormancy In Arabidopsis thaliana]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-03-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/125708v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hardwired synthetic lethality within the cohesin complex in human cancer cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/125708v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent genome analyses have identified recurrent mutations in the cohesin complex in a wide range of human cancers. Here we demonstrate that the most frequently mutated subunit of the cohesin complex, STAG2, displays a strong synthetic lethal interaction with its paralog STAG1. Mechanistically, STAG1 loss abrogates sister chromatid cohesion in STAG2 mutated but not in wild-type cells leading to mitotic catastrophe, defective cell division and apoptosis. STAG1 inactivation inhibits the proliferation of STAG2 mutated but not wild-type bladder cancer and Ewing sarcoma cell lines. Restoration of STAG2 expression in a mutated bladder cancer model alleviates the dependency on STAG1. Thus, STAG1 and STAG2 act redundantly to support sister chromatid cohesion and cell survival. STAG1 represents a hardwired, context independent vulnerability of cancer cells carrying mutations in the major emerging tumor suppressor STAG2. Exploiting synthetic lethal interactions to target recurrent cohesin mutations in cancer, e.g. by inhibiting STAG1, holds the promise for the development of selective therapeutics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Petronczki, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Lelij, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lieb, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jude, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wutz, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santos, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Falkenberg, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlattl, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ban, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwentner, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kovar, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Real, F. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waldman, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pearson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kraut, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuber, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-04-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/125708</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hardwired synthetic lethality within the cohesin complex in human cancer cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-04-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/134627v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Deep Learning And Novelty Detection Framework For Rapid Phenotyping In High-Content Screening 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/134627v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Supervised machine learning is a powerful and widely used method to analyze high-content screening data. Despite its accuracy, efficiency, and versatility, supervised machine learning has drawbacks, most notably its dependence on a priori knowledge of expected phenotypes and time-consuming classifier training. We provide a solution to these limitations with CellCognition Explorer, a generic novelty detection and deep learning framework. Application to several large-scale screening data sets on nuclear and mitotic cell morphologies demonstrates that CellCognition Explorer enables discovery of rare phenotypes without user training, which has broad implications for improved assay development in high-content screening.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sommer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoefler, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samwer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerlich, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/134627</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Deep Learning And Novelty Detection Framework For Rapid Phenotyping In High-Content Screening]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/137455v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Accumulation And Functional Architecture Of Deleterious Genetic Variants During The Extinction Of Wrangel Island Mammoths 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/137455v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Woolly mammoths were among the most abundant cold adapted species during the Pleistocene. Their once large populations went extinct in two waves, an end-Pleistocene extinction of continental populations followed by the mid-Holocene extinction of relict populations on St. Paul Island ~5,600 years ago and Wrangel Island ~4,000 years ago. Wrangel Island mammoths experienced an episode of rapid demographic decline coincident with their isolation, leading to a small population, reduced genetic diversity, and the fixation of putatively deleterious alleles, but the functional consequences of these processes are unclear. Here we show that the Wrangel Island mammoth accumulated many putative deleterious mutations that are predicted to cause diverse behavioral and developmental defects. Resurrection and functional characterization of Wrangel Island mammoth genes carrying these substitutions identified both loss and gain of function mutations in genes associated with developmental defects (HYLS1), oligozoospermia and reduced male fertility (NKD1), diabetes (NEUROG3), and the ability to detect floral scents (OR5A1). These results suggest that Wrangel Island mammoths may have suffered adverse consequences from their reduced population sizes and isolation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fry, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chigurapti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mika, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ratan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dammermann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchell, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lynch, V. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/137455</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Accumulation And Functional Architecture Of Deleterious Genetic Variants During The Extinction Of Wrangel Island Mammoths]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/142885v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial Specificity Of Auxin Responses Coordinates Wood Formation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/142885v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spatial organization of signaling events of the phytohormone auxin is fundamental for maintaining a dynamic transition from plant stem cells to differentiated descendants. The cambium, the stem cell niche mediating wood formation, fundamentally depends on auxin signaling but its exact role and spatial organization is obscure. Here, we show that, while auxin signaling levels increase in differentiating cambium descendants, a moderate level of signaling in cambial stem cells is essential for cambium activity. We identify the auxin-dependent transcription factor ARF5/MONOPTEROS to cell-autonomously restrict the number of stem cells by attenuating the activity of the stem cell promoting WOX4 gene. In contrast, ARF3 and ARF4 function as cambium activators in a redundant fashion from outside of WOX4-expressing cells. Our results reveal an influence of auxin signaling on distinct cambium features by specific signaling components and allow the conceptual integration of plant stem cell systems with distinct anatomies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brackmann, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jouannet, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlamp, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruenwald, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greb, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/142885</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial Specificity Of Auxin Responses Coordinates Wood Formation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/153932v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PARP inhibition causes premature loss of cohesion in cancer cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/153932v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) regulate various aspects of cellular function including mitotic progression. Although PARP inhibitors have been undergoing various clinical trials and the PARP1/2 inhibitor olaparib was approved as monotherapy for BRCA-mutated ovarian cancer, their mode of action in killing tumour cells is not fully understood. We investigated the effect of PARP inhibition on mitosis in cancerous (cervical, ovary, breast and osteosarcoma) and non-cancerous cells by live-cell imaging. The clinically relevant inhibitor olaparib induced strong perturbations in mitosis, including problems with chromosome alignment at the metaphase plate, anaphase delay, and premature loss of cohesion (cohesion fatigue) after a prolonged metaphase arrest, resulting in sister chromatid scattering. PARP1 and PARP2 depletion suppressed the phenotype while PARP2 overexpression enhanced it, suggesting that olaparib-bound PARP1 and PARP2 rather than the lack of catalytic activity causes this phenotype. Olaparib-induced mitotic chromatid scattering was observed in various cancer cell lines with increased protein levels of PARP1 and PARP2, but not in non-cancer or cancer cell lines that expressed lower levels of PARP1 or PARP2. Interestingly, the sister chromatid scattering phenotype occurred only when olaparib was added during the S-phase preceding mitosis, suggesting that PARP1 and PARP2 entrapment at replication forks impairs sister chromatid cohesion. Clinically relevant DNA-damaging agents that impair replication progression such as topoisomerase inhibitors and cisplatin were also found to induce sister chromatid scattering and metaphase plate alignment problems, suggesting that these mitotic phenotypes are a common outcome of replication perturbation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kukolj, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufmann, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dick, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeillinger, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerlich, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slade, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/153932</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PARP inhibition causes premature loss of cohesion in cancer cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/155184v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Natural Genetic Variation Shapes Root System Responses to Phytohormones in Arabidopsis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/155184v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plants adjust their architecture by modulating organ growth. This ability is largely dependent on phytohormones. While many genes involved in phytohormone pathways have been identified, it remains unclear to which extent and how these pathways are modulated in non-reference strains and whether this is relevant for local adaptation. Here we assess variation of root traits in response to perturbations of the auxin, cytokinin, and abscisic acid pathways in 192 Arabidopsis accessions. We identify common response patterns, uncover the extent of their modulation by specific genotypes, and find that the Col-0 reference accession is not a good representative of the species in this regard. We conduct GWAS and identify 114 significant associations, most of them relating to ABA treatment. The numerous ABA candidate genes are not enriched for known ABA associated genes indicating that we largely uncovered unknown players. We then study two associated regions in detail and identify the CRF3 gene as a modulator of multiple hormone pathways. Finally, we show that natural variation in root traits is significantly associated with climate parameters relevant for local adaption in Arabidopsis thaliana and that, in particular, ABA regulated lateral root traits are likely to be relevant for adaptation to soil moisture.nnAuthor SummaryThe root system is a key component for plant survival and productivity. Apart from anchoring the plant, its architecture determines which parts of the soil are foraged for water and nutrients, and it serves as an interface for interaction with microbes and other soil organisms. Plant hormones play crucial roles in the development of root system architecture and its plasticity. However, while there is substantial natural variation of root architectures, it is not clear to which extent genetic variation in hormone related pathways contribute. Using the model species Arabidopsis thaliana we quantitatively explore the breadth of natural variation in plant hormone responses to three major plant hormones: auxin, cytokinin, and abscisic acid. The Col-0 reference strain can be quite different from a large proportion of the natural accessions of the species, illustrating a severe caveat of relying on a single reference strain in model species and drawing generalizations from it. Using GWAS, we further identify a large number of loci underlying the variation of responses to plant hormones, in particular to abscisic acid, find links between local adaptation and root responses to hormones, and finally using mutants for GWAS candidate genes, identify novel players involved in regulating hormone responses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ristova, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metesch, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Busch, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/155184</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Natural Genetic Variation Shapes Root System Responses to Phytohormones in Arabidopsis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/155309v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Synthetic lethality between the cohesin subunits STAG1 and STAG2 in diverse cancer contexts 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/155309v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent genome analyses have identified recurrent mutations in the cohesin complex in a wide range of human cancers. Here we demonstrate that the most frequently mutated subunit of the cohesin complex, STAG2, displays a strong synthetic lethal interaction with its paralog STAG1. Mechanistically, STAG1 loss abrogates sister chromatid cohesion in STAG2 mutated but not in wild-type cells leading to mitotic catastrophe, defective cell division and apoptosis. STAG1 inactivation inhibits the proliferation of STAG2 mutated but not wild-type bladder cancer and Ewing sarcoma cell lines. Restoration of STAG2 expression in a mutated bladder cancer model alleviates the dependency on STAG1. Thus, STAG1 and STAG2 support sister chromatid cohesion to redundantly ensure cell survival. STAG1 represents a vulnerability of cancer cells carrying mutations in the major emerging tumor suppressor STAG2 across different cancer contexts. Exploiting synthetic lethal interactions to target recurrent cohesin mutations in cancer, e.g. by inhibiting STAG1, holds the promise for the development of selective therapeutics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>van der Lelij, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lieb, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jude, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wutz, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santos, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Falkenberg, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlattl, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ban, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwentner, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffmann, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kovar, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Real, F. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waldman, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pearson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kraut, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuber, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petronczki, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/155309</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Synthetic lethality between the cohesin subunits STAG1 and STAG2 in diverse cancer contexts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/164590v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Resolving systematic errors in widely-used enhancer activity assays in human cells enables genome-wide functional enhancer characterization 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/164590v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The identification of transcriptional enhancers in the human genome is a prime goal in biology. Enhancers are typically predicted via chromatin marks, yet their function is primarily assessed with plasmid-based reporter assays. Here, we show that two previous observations relating to plasmid-transfection into human cells render such assays unreliable: (1) the function of the bacterial plasmid origin-of-replication (ORI) as a conflicting core-promoter and (2) the activation of a type I interferon (IFN-I) response. These problems cause strongly confounding false-positives and -negatives in luciferase assays and genome-wide STARR-seq screens. We overcome both problems by directly employing the ORI as a core-promoter and by inhibiting two kinases central to IFN-I induction. This corrects luciferase assays and enables genome-wide STARR-seq screens in human cells. Comprehensive enhancer activity profiles in HeLa-S3 cells uncover strong enhancers, IFN-I-induced enhancers, and enhancers endogenously silenced at the chromatin level. Our findings apply to all episomal enhancer activity assays in mammalian cells, and are key to the characterization of human enhancers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Muerdter, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boryn, Łukasz M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodfin, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neumayr, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rath, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zabidi, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pagani, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haberle, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kazmar, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Catarino, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schernhuber, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnold, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stark, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-07-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/164590</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Resolving systematic errors in widely-used enhancer activity assays in human cells enables genome-wide functional enhancer characterization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-07-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/165738v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Are Caenorhabditis elegans magnetoreceptive? 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/165738v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A diverse array of species on the planet employ the Earths magnetic field as a navigational aid. As the majority of these animals are migratory, their utility to interrogate the molecular and cellular basis of the magnetic sense is limited. Vidal-Gadea and colleagues recently argued that the worm C. elegans possesses a magnetic sense that guides their vertical movement in soil. In making this claim they relied on three different behavioural assays that involved magnetic stimuli. Here, we set out to replicate their results employing blinded protocols and double wrapped coils that control for heat generation. We find no evidence supporting the existence of a magnetic sense in C. elegans. We further show that the Vidal-Gadea hypothesis is problematic as the adoption of a correction angle and a fixed trajectory relative to the Earths magnetic inclination does not necessarily result in vertical movement.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Keays, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landler, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nimpf, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nordmann, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papadaki-Anastasopoulou, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hochstoeger, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-07-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/165738</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Are Caenorhabditis elegans magnetoreceptive?]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-07-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/166645v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Zinc availability modulates plant growth and immune responses via AZI1 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/166645v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Zinc is an essential micronutrient for all living organisms and is involved in a plethora of processes including growth and development, and immunity. However, it is unknown if there is a common genetic and molecular basis underlying multiple facets of zinc function. Here we used natural variation in Arabidopsis thaliana to study the role of zinc in regulating growth. We identify allelic variation of the systemic immunity gene AZI1 as a key for determining root growth responses to low zinc conditions. We further demonstrate that this gene is important for modulating root growth depending on the zinc and defence status. Finally, we show that the interaction of the immunity signal azelaic acid and zinc level to regulate root growth is conserved in rice. This work demonstrates that there is a common genetic and molecular basis for multiple zinc dependent processes and that nutrient cues can determine the balance of plant growth and immune responses in plants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bouain, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satbhai, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saenchai, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desbrosses, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berthomieu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Busch, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rouached, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-07-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/166645</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Zinc availability modulates plant growth and immune responses via AZI1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-07-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/175430v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The genetic architecture of the network underlying flowering time variation in Arabidopsis thaliana 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/175430v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Flowering time is a key adaptive trait in plants and is tightly controlled by a complex regulatory network that responds to seasonal signals. In a rapidly changing climate, understanding the genetic basis of flowering time variation is important for both agriculture and ecology. Genetic mapping has revealed many genetic variants affecting flowering time, but the effects on the gene regulatory networks in population-scale are still largely unknown. We dissected flowering time networks using multi-layered Swedish population data from Arabidopsis thaliana, consisting of flowering time and transcriptome collected under constant 10{degrees}C growth temperature in addition to full genome sequence data. Our analysis identified multiple alleles of the key flowering time gene FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) as the primary determinant of the network underlying flowering time variation under our condition. Genetic variation of FLC affects multiple-pathways through known flowering-time genes including FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1). We demonstrated that an extremely simple single-locus model of FLC involving allelic variation and expression explains almost a half of flowering time variation, with 60% of the effect being mediated through FLC expression. Furthermore, the accuracy of the model fitted at 10{degrees}C is almost unchanged at 16{degrees}C.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sasaki, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frommlet, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nordborg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/175430</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The genetic architecture of the network underlying flowering time variation in Arabidopsis thaliana]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/177444v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CTCF, WAPL and PDS5 proteins control the formation of TADs and loops by cohesin 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/177444v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mammalian genomes are organized into compartments, topologically-associating domains (TADs) and loops to facilitate gene regulation and other chromosomal functions. Compartments are formed by nucleosomal interactions, but how TADs and loops are generated is unknown. It has been proposed that cohesin forms these structures by extruding loops until it encounters CTCF, but direct evidence for this hypothesis is missing. Here we show that cohesin suppresses compartments but is essential for TADs and loops, that CTCF defines their boundaries, and that WAPL and its PDS5 binding partners control the length of chromatin loops. In the absence of WAPL and PDS5 proteins, cohesin passes CTCF sites with increased frequency, forms extended chromatin loops, accumulates in axial chromosomal positions (vermicelli) and condenses chromosomes to an extent normally only seen in mitosis. These results show that cohesin has an essential genome-wide function in mediating long-range chromatin interactions and support the hypothesis that cohesin creates these by loop extrusion, until it is delayed by CTCF in a manner dependent on PDS5 proteins, or until it is released from DNA by WAPL.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wutz, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varnai, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagasaka, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cisneros, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stocsits, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schoenfelder, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jessberger, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muhar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hossain, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walther, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koch, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kueblbeck, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellenberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuber, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fraser, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/177444</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CTCF, WAPL and PDS5 proteins control the formation of TADs and loops by cohesin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/177642v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Thiol-linked alkylation for the metabolic sequencing of RNA 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/177642v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene expression profiling by high-throughput sequencing reveals qualitative and quantitative changes in RNA species at steady-state but obscures the intracellular dynamics of RNA transcription, processing and decay. We developed thiol(SH)-linked alkylation for the metabolic sequencing of RNA (SLAM-seq), an orthogonal chemistry-based epitranscriptomics-sequencing technology that uncovers 4-thiouridine (s4U)-incorporation in RNA species at single-nucleotide resolution. In combination with well-established metabolic RNA labeling protocols and coupled to standard, low-input, high-throughput RNA sequencing methods, SLAM-seq enables rapid access to RNA polymerase II-dependent gene expression dynamics in the context of total RNA. When applied to mouse embryonic stem cells, SLAM-seq provides global and transcript-specific insights into pluripotency-associated gene expression. We validated the method by showing that the RNA-polymerase II-dependent transcriptional output scales with Oct4/Sox2/Nanog-defined enhancer activity; and we provide quantitative and mechanistic evidence for transcript-specific RNA turnover mediated by post-transcriptional gene regulatory pathways initiated by microRNAs and N6-methyladenosine. SLAM-seq facilitates the dissection of fundamental mechanisms that control gene expression in an accessible, cost-effective, and scalable manner.nnOne Sentence SummaryChemical nucleotide-analog derivatization provides global insights into transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene regulation
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Herzog, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reichholf, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neumann, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rescheneder, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhat, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burkard, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wlotzka, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>von Haeseler, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuber, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ameres, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/177642</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Thiol-linked alkylation for the metabolic sequencing of RNA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/177766v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Mechanism of Cohesin-Dependent Loop Extrusion Organizes Zygotic Genome Architecture 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/177766v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fertilization triggers assembly of higher-order chromatin structure from a naive genome to generate a totipotent embryo. Chromatin loops and domains are detected in mouse zygotes by single-nucleus Hi-C (snHi-C) but not bulk Hi-C. We resolve this discrepancy by investigating whether a mechanism of cohesin-dependent loop extrusion generates zygotic chromatin conformations. Using snHi-C of mouse knockout embryos, we demonstrate that the zygotic genome folds into loops and domains that depend on Scc1-cohesin and are regulated in size by Wapl. Remarkably, we discovered distinct effects on maternal and paternal chromatin loop sizes, likely reflecting loop extrusion dynamics and epigenetic reprogramming. Polymer simulations based on snHi-C are consistent with a model where cohesin locally compacts chromatin and thus restricts inter-chromosomal interactions by active loop extrusion, whose processivity is controlled by Wapl. Our simulations and experimental data provide evidence that cohesin-dependent loop extrusion organizes mammalian genomes over multiple scales from the one-cell embryo onwards.nnHighlightsO_LIZygotic genomes are organized into cohesin-dependent chromatin loops and TADsnC_LIO_LILoop extrusion leads to different loop strengths in maternal and paternal genomesnC_LIO_LICohesin restricts inter-chromosomal interactions by altering chromosome surface areanC_LIO_LILoop extrusion organizes chromatin at multiple genomic scalesnC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gassler, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandao, H. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imakaev, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flyamer, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ladstatter, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bickmore, W. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirny, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tachibana-Konwalski, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/177766</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Mechanism of Cohesin-Dependent Loop Extrusion Organizes Zygotic Genome Architecture]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/185652v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Complex models of sequence evolution require accurate estimators as exemplified with the invariable site plus Gamma model 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/185652v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The invariable site plus {Gamma} model is widely used to model rate heterogeneity among alignment sites in maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses. The proof that the invariable site plus continuous {Gamma} model is identifiable (model parameters can be inferred correctly given enough data) has increased the creditability of its application to phylogeny reconstruction. However, most phylogenetic software implement the invariable site plus discrete {Gamma} model, whose identifiability is likely but unproven. How well the parameters of the invariable site plus discrete {Gamma} model are estimated is still disputed. Especially the correlation of the fraction of invariable sites with the fractions of sites with a slow evolutionary rate is discussed as being problematic. We show that optimization heuristics as implemented in frequently used phylogenetic software cannot always reliably estimate the shape parameter, the proportion of invariable sites and the tree length. Here, we propose an improved optimization heuristic that accurately estimates the three parameters. While research efforts mainly focus on tree search methods, our results signify the equal importance of verifying and developing effective estimation methods for complex models of sequence evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>von Haeseler, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minh, B. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-09-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/185652</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Complex models of sequence evolution require accurate estimators as exemplified with the invariable site plus Gamma model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-09-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/194522v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Small RNAs are trafficked from the epididymis to developing mammalian sperm 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/194522v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RNAs present in mature mammalian sperm are delivered to the zygote at fertilization, where they have the potential to affect early development. The biogenesis of the small RNA payload of mature sperm is therefore of great interest, as it may be a target of signaling pathways linking paternal conditions to offspring phenotype. Recent studies have suggested the surprising hypothesis that the small RNA payload carried by mature sperm may include RNAs that were not synthesized during testicular spermatogenesis, but that are instead delivered to sperm during the process of post-testicular maturation in the epididymis. To further test this hypothesis, we characterized small RNA dynamics during testicular and post-testicular germ cell maturation in mice. We show that purified testicular germ cell populations, including mature testicular spermatozoa, carry extremely low levels of tRNA fragments (tRFs), and that tRFs become highly abundant only after sperm have entered the epididiymis. The process of small RNA delivery to sperm can be recapitulated in vitro, as caput epididymosomes deliver small RNAs including tRFs and microRNAs to mature testicular spermatozoa. Finally, to definitively identify the tissue of origin for small RNAs in sperm, we carried out tissue-specific metabolic labeling of RNAs in intact mice, finding that mature sperm carry small RNAs that were originally synthesized in the somatic cells of the epididymis. Taken together, our data demonstrates that soma-germline small RNA transfer occurs in male mammals, most likely via vesicular transport from the epididymis to maturing sperm.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sharma, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reichholf, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herzog, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ameres, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rando, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/194522</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Small RNAs are trafficked from the epididymis to developing mammalian sperm]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/196238v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional analyses of the CIF1-CIF2 complex in Trypanosoma brucei identify the structural motifs required for complex formation and cytokinesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/196238v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cytokinesis in trypanosome occurs uni-directionally along the longitudinal axis from the cell anterior towards the cell posterior and requires a trypanosome-specific CIF1-CIF2 protein complex. However, little is known about the contribution of the structural motifs in CIF1 and CIF2 to complex assembly and cytokinesis. Here, we demonstrated that the two zinc-finger motifs but not the coiled-coil motif in CIF1 are required for interaction with the EF-hand motifs in CIF2. We further showed that localization of CIF1 depends on the coiled-coil motif and the first zinc-finger motif and that localization of CIF2 depends on the EF-hand motifs. Deletion of the coiled-coil motif and mutation of either zinc-finger motifs in CIF1 disrupted cytokinesis. Further, mutation of either zinc-finger motif in CIF1 mis-localized CIF2 to the cytosol and destabilized CIF2, whereas deletion of the coiled-coil motif in CIF1 spread CIF2 over to the new flagellum attachment zone and stabilized CIF2. Together, these results uncovered the requirement of the coiled-coil motif and zinc-finger motifs for CIF1 function in cytokinesis and for CIF2 localization and stability, providing structural insights into the functional interplay between the two cytokinesis regulators.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Majneri, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurasawa, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-09-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/196238</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional analyses of the CIF1-CIF2 complex in Trypanosoma brucei identify the structural motifs required for complex formation and cytokinesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-09-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/198648v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The VT GAL4, LexA, and split-GAL4 driver line collections for targeted expression in the Drosophila nervous system 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/198648v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In studying the cellular interactions within complex tissues, it is extremely valuable to be able to reproducibly and flexibly target transgene expression to restricted subsets of cells. This approach is particularly valuable in studying the nervous system, with its bewildering diversity of neuronal cell types. We report here the generation of over 18,000 driver lines (the VT collection) that exploit the GAL4, LexA, and split-GAL4 systems to express transgenes in distinct and highly specific cell types in Drosophila. We document the expression patterns of over 14,000 of these lines in the adult male brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tirian, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/198648</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The VT GAL4, LexA, and split-GAL4 driver line collections for targeted expression in the Drosophila nervous system]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/221291v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
LEM-3 is a midbody-tethered DNA nuclease that resolves chromatin bridges during cytokinesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/221291v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Faithful chromosome segregation and genome maintenance requires the removal of all DNA bridges that physically link chromosomes before cells divide. Using C. elegans embryos we show that the LEM-3/Ankle1 nuclease defines a new genome integrity mechanism by processing DNA bridges right before cells divide. LEM-3 acts at the midbody, the structure where abscission occurs at the end of cytokinesis. LEM-3 localization depends on factors needed for midbody assembly, and LEM-3 accumulation is increased and prolonged when chromatin bridges are trapped at the cleavage plane. LEM-3 locally processes chromatin bridges that arise from incomplete DNA replication, unresolved recombination intermediates or the perturbance of chromosome structure. Proper LEM-3 midbody localization and function is regulated by AIR-2/Aurora B kinase. Strikingly, LEM-3 act cooperatively with the BRC-1/BRCA1 homologous recombination factor to promote genome integrity. These findings provide a molecular basis for the suspected role of the LEM-3 orthologue Ankle1 in human breast cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>HONG, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sonneville, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheidt, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meier, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woglar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demetriou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Labib, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jantsch, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gartner, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-11-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/221291</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[LEM-3 is a midbody-tethered DNA nuclease that resolves chromatin bridges during cytokinesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-11-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/222125v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Signaling-dependent control of apical membrane size and self-renewal in rosette-stage human neuroepithelial stem cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/222125v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the early developing nervous system, self-renewing neural stem cells are polarized and maintain an apical domain facing a central lumen. The presence of apical membrane is thought to have a profound influence on maintaining the stem cell state. With the onset of neurogenesis cells lose their polarization and the concomitant loss of the apical domain coincides with a loss of the stem cell identity. Very little is known about the molecular signals controlling apical membrane size. Here we use two neuroepithelial cell systems, one derived from regenerating axolotl spinal cord and the other from human ESCs to identify a conserved molecular signalling pathway initiated by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) that controls apical membrane size and consequently controls and maintains epithelial organization and lumen size in neuroepithelial rosettes. This apical domain size increase occurs independently of effects on proliferation and involves a SRF-dependent transcriptional induction of junctional and apical membrane components.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Medelnik, J.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roensch, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okawa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>del Sol, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chara, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mchedlishvili, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanaka, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-11-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/222125</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Signaling-dependent control of apical membrane size and self-renewal in rosette-stage human neuroepithelial stem cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-11-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/235093v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SLAM-ITseq: Sequencing cell type-specific transcriptomes without cell sorting 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/235093v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell type-specific transcriptome analysis is an essential tool in understanding biological processes but can be challenging due to the limits of microdissection or fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Here, we report a novel in vivo sequencing method, which captures the transcriptome of a specific type of cells in a tissue without prior cellular or molecular sorting. SLAM-ITseq provides an accurate snapshot of the transcriptional state in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Matsushima, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herzog, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neumann, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gapp, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuber, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ameres, S. L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miska, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/235093</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SLAM-ITseq: Sequencing cell type-specific transcriptomes without cell sorting]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/237768v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Peripheral infrastructure vectors and an extended set of plant parts for the modular cloning system 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/237768v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Standardized DNA assembly strategies facilitate the generation of multigene constructs from collections of building blocks in plant synthetic biology. A common syntax for hierarchical DNA assembly following the Golden Gate principle employing Type IIs restriction endonucleases was recently developed, and underlies the Modular Cloning and GoldenBraid systems. In these systems, transcriptional units and/or multigene constructs are assembled from libraries of standardized building blocks, also referred to as phytobricks, in several hierarchical levels and by iterative Golden Gate reactions. This combinatorial assembly strategy meets the increasingly complex demands in biotechnology and bioengineering, and also represents a cost-efficient and versatile alternative to previous molecular cloning techniques. For Modular Cloning, a collection of commonly used Plant Parts was previously released together with the Modular Cloning toolkit itself, which largely facilitated the adoption of this cloning system in the research community. Here, a collection of approximately 80 additional phytobricks is provided. These phytobricks comprise e.g. modules for inducible expression systems, different promoters or epitope tags, which will increase the versatility of Modular Cloning-based DNA assemblies. Furthermore, first instances of a "peripheral infrastructure" around Modular Cloning are presented: While available toolkits are designed for the assembly of plant transformation constructs, vectors were created to also use coding sequence-containing phytobricks directly in yeast two hybrid interaction or bacterial infection assays. Additionally, DNA modules and assembly strategies for connecting Modular Cloning with Gateway Cloning are presented, which may serve as an interface between available resources and newly adopted hierarchical assembly strategies. The presented material will be provided as a toolkit to the plant research community and will further enhance the usefulness and versatility of Modular Cloning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gantner, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ilse, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ordon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kretschmer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruetzner, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loefke, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dagdas, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buerstenbinder, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marillonnet, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stuttmann, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/237768</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Peripheral infrastructure vectors and an extended set of plant parts for the modular cloning system]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/256321v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nucleosome turnover is sufficient to establish varied histone methylation states 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/256321v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcription-dependent methylation of histone H3 at lysine 79 (H3K79) is evolutionarily conserved from yeast to mammals, critical for normal development and frequently deregulated by genetic recombination in Mixed Lineage Leukemia. Although this histone modification is associated with gene activity, little is known about the cellular mechanisms of H3K79 methylation regulation. Because no H3K79 demethylase has been discovered, the mechanism of its removal remains unclear. Utilizing chemical-induced-proximity to control histone methylation in vivo we show that the dynamics of methylation state (mono, di, tri-methylation) is genome-context specific. Further, Monte Carlo simulations coupling systems of kinetic reactions with histone turnover rates, suggest that nucleo-some turnover is sufficient to establish varied genome-wide methylation states without active demethylation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chory, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calarco, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hathaway, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bell, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neel, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crabtree, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-01-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/256321</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nucleosome turnover is sufficient to establish varied histone methylation states]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-01-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/264291v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure of a novel dimeric SET domain methyltransferase regulating cell motility 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/264291v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lysine methyltransferases (KMTs) were initially associated with transcriptional control through their methylation of histones and other nuclear proteins, but have since been found to regulate many other cellular activities. The apical complex lysine (K) methyltransferase (AKMT) of the human parasite Toxoplasma gondii was recently shown to play a critical role in regulating cellular motility. Here we report a 2.1-[A] resolution crystal structure of the conserved and functional C-terminal portion (aa289-709) of T. gondii AKMT. AKMT dimerizes via a unique intermolecular interface mediated by the C-terminal TPR (tetratricopeptide repeat)-like domain together with a specific zinc-binding motif that is absent from all other KMTs. Disruption of AKMT dimerization impaired both its enzyme activity and parasite egress from infected host cells in vivo. Structural comparisons reveal that AKMT is related to the KMTs in the SMYD family, with, however, a number of distinct structural features in addition to the unusual dimerization interface. These features are conserved among the apicomplexan parasites and their free-living relatives, but not found in any known KMTs in animals. AKMT therefore is the founding member of a new subclass of KMT that has important implications for the evolution of the apicomplexans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pivovarova, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lesigang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koldyka, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rauschmeier, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/264291</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure of a novel dimeric SET domain methyltransferase regulating cell motility]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/267955v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Incomplete reprogramming of cell-specific epigenetic marks during asexual reproduction leads to heritable phenotypic variation in plants 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/267955v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plants differ from animals in their capability to easily regenerate fertile adult individuals from terminally differentiated cells [1]. This unique developmental plasticity is commonly observed in nature where many species can reproduce asexually through the ectopic initiation of organogenic or embryogenic developmental programs [2, 3]. However, it is not currently known if this developmental reprogramming is coupled to a global epigenomic resetting, or what impact it has on the phenotype of the clonal progeny. Here we show that plants asexually propagated via induction of a zygotic developmental program do not fully reset cell-specific epigenetic imprints. These imprints are instead inherited even over multiple rounds of sexual reproduction, becoming fixed in hybrids and resulting in heritable molecular and physiological phenotypes that depend on the founder cell used. Our results demonstrate how novel phenotypic variation in plants can be unlocked through the incomplete reprogramming of cell-specific epigenetic marks during asexual propagation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wibowo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durr, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Price, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Staepen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hilton, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Putra, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papareddy, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saintain, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harvey, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bending, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schulze-Lefert, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weigel, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutierrez-Marcos, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/267955</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Incomplete reprogramming of cell-specific epigenetic marks during asexual reproduction leads to heritable phenotypic variation in plants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/280214v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The BRCA1-BARD1 complex associates with the synaptonemal complex and pro-crossover factors and influences RAD-51 dynamics during Caenorhabditis elegans meiosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/280214v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During meiosis, the maternal and paternal homologous chromosomes must align along their entire length and recombine to achieve faithful segregation in the gametes. Meiotic recombination is accomplished through the formation of DNA double-strand breaks, a subset of which can mature into crossovers to link the parental homologous chromosomes and promote their segregation. Breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility protein BRCA1 and its heterodimeric partner BARD1 play a pivotal role in DNA repair in mitotic cells; however, their functions in gametogenesis are less well understood. Here we show that localization of BRC-1 and BRD-1 (Caenorhabditis elegans orthologues of BRCA1 and BARD1) is dynamic during meiotic prophase I; they ultimately becoming concentrated at regions surrounding the presumptive crossover sites, co-localizing with the pro-crossover factors COSA-1, MSH-5 and ZHP-3. The synaptonemal complex is essential for BRC-1 loading onto chromosomes but recombination is not. BRC-1 forms an in vivo complex with the synaptonemal complex component SYP-3 and the crossover-promoting factor MSH-5. Furthermore, BRC-1 is essential for efficient stage-specific recruitment of the RAD-51 recombinase to DNA damage sites when synapsis is impaired and upon induction of exogenous DNA double-strand breaks. Taken together, our data provide new insights into the localization and meiotic function of the BRC-1-BRD-1 complex and highlight their essential role in DNA double-strand break repair during gametogenesis.nnAuthor summarySexually reproducing species rely on meiosis to transmit their genetic information across generations. Parental chromosomes (homologues) undergo many distinctive processes in their complex journey from attachment to segregation. The physiological induction of DNA double strand breaks is crucial for promoting correct chromosome segregation: they are needed to activate the DNA repair machinery responsible for creating physical connections, or crossovers (COs), between the homologues. In turn, crossovers promote the accurate segregation of the chromosomes in daughter cells. The BRCA1-BARD1 complex has a pivotal role during DNA repair in somatic cells and is exclusively located on unaligned chromosomal regions during mammalian meiosis. We show that in Caenorhabditis elegans, BRCA1 and BARD1 localize to chromosomes at all stages of meiotic prophase I and are enriched at presumptive crossover sites. We found that BRCA1 promotes DNA loading of the repair factor RAD-51 in specific mutant backgrounds and upon exogenous damage induction. Our data provide evidence for a direct physical association between BRCA1 and pro-crossover factors (including the synaptonemal complex) and identify an important role for BRCA1 in stimulating meiotic DNA repair. Further studies are necessary to identify the substrates acted upon by BRCA1-BARD1 complex to maintain genome stability in the gametes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Janisiw, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dello Stritto, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jantsch, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/280214</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The BRCA1-BARD1 complex associates with the synaptonemal complex and pro-crossover factors and influences RAD-51 dynamics during Caenorhabditis elegans meiosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/283770v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamics of sister chromatid resolution during cell cycle progression 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/283770v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Faithful genome transmission in dividing cells requires that the two copies of each chromosomes DNA package into separate, but physically linked, sister chromatids. The linkage between sister chromatids is mediated by cohesin, yet where sister chromatids are linked and how they resolve during cell cycle progression has remained unclear. Here, we investigated sister chromatid organization in live human cells using dCas9-mEGFP labelling of endogenous genomic loci. We detected substantial sister locus separation during G2 phase, irrespective of the proximity to cohesin enrichment sites. Almost all sister loci separated within a few hours after their respective replication, and then rapidly equilibrated their average distances within dynamic chromatin polymers. Our findings explain why the topology of sister chromatid resolution in G2 largely reflects the DNA replication program. Further, these data suggest that cohesin enrichment sites are not persistent cohesive sites in human cells. Rather, cohesion might occur at variable genomic positions within the cell population.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stanyte, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nuebler, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blaukopf, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoefler, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stocsits, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerlich, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/283770</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamics of sister chromatid resolution during cell cycle progression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/325712v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phosphorylation of HspB1 regulates its mechanosensitive molecular chaperone interaction with native filamin C 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/325712v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Small heat-shock proteins (sHsps; HspBs) are molecular chaperones involved in the cellular stress response and a range of basal functions. Despite a multitude of targets, sHsp interactions are not well understood due their heterogeneous structures and weak binding affinities. The most widely expressed human sHsp, HspB1, is prevalent in striated muscle, where the actin cross-linker filamin C (FLNC, {gamma}-filamin, ABP-L) is a putative binding partner. Musculoskeletal HspB1 is phosphorylated in response to a variety of cues, including mechanical stress, which promotes oligomer disassembly and association with myoarchitectural elements. Here, we report the up-regulation and interaction of both proteins in the hearts of a mouse model of heart failure, with HspB1 being phosphorylated and FLNC increasingly associated with the sarcomeric Z-disc. We used a combination of structural approaches to reveal that phosphorylation of HspB1 results in increased availability of the residues surrounding the phosphosite, facilitating their interaction with folded FLNC domains equivalent to a force-sensing region in the paralog filamin A. By employing native mass spectrometry, we show that domains 18 to 21 of FLNC are extensible under conditions mimicking force, with phosphorylated HspB1 stabilising an intermediate from further unfolding. These findings report on conformations accessible during the cycles of mechanical extension central to filamin function, and are consistent with an interaction between the chaperone and a native target that is strengthened upon the application of force. This may represent a new mode of molecular chaperone activity, allowing HspB1 to protect FLNC from over-extension during mechanical stress.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Collier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alderson, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Villiers, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicholls, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gastall, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allison, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Degiacomi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuerst, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van de Ven, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Djinovic-Carugo, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baldwin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watkins, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gehmlich, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benesch, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/325712</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phosphorylation of HspB1 regulates its mechanosensitive molecular chaperone interaction with native filamin C]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/346247v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Broad applicability of a streamlined Ethyl Cinnamate-based clearing procedure 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/346247v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Turbidity and opaqueness are inherent properties of tissues which limit the capacity to acquire microscopic images through large tissues. Creating a uniform refractive index, known as tissue clearing, overcomes most of these issues. These methods have enabled researchers to image large and complex 3D structures with unprecedented depth and resolution. However, tissue clearing has been adopted to a limited extent due to a combination of cost, time, complexity of existing methods and potential negative impact on fluorescence signal. Here we describe 2Eci (2nd generation Ethyl cinnamate based clearing method) which can be used to clear a wide range of tissues, including cerebral organoids, Drosophila melanogaster, zebrafish, axolotl, and Xenopus laevis in as little as 1-5 days while preserving a broad range of fluorescence proteins including GFP, mCherry, Brainbow, and alexa-fluorophores. Ethyl cinnamate is non-toxic and can easily be used in multi-user microscope facilities. This method will open up clearing to a much broader group of researchers, due to its broad applicability, ease of use, and non-toxic nature of Ethyl cinnamate.nnSummary statementThe non-toxic, broadly applicable, and simplified protocol of 2Eci tissue clearing makes it possible for non-specialist labs to use clearing approaches on conventional inverted microscopes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Masselink, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reumann, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murawala, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pasierbek, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taniguchi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knoblich, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanaka, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/346247</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Broad applicability of a streamlined Ethyl Cinnamate-based clearing procedure]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/349944v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Revised testing procedures do not elicit magnetoreceptive behavior in C. elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/349944v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A diverse range of species is known to rely on the Earths magnetic field for spatial information. Vidal-Gadea et al. claimed that C. elegans are magneto-sensitive, exploiting the magnetic field to guide their burrowing behavior [1]. Our attempts to replicate their findings were unsuccessful [2], which Vidal-Gadea attributed to the satiety of the animals and the environment in which they were raised. Here, we report our repeated experiments, having adopted several suggestions proposed by Vidal-Gadea et al. [3]. We find that shortening the length of the behavioral assay and raising the animals in a Faraday cage does not result in magnetotactic behavior. We reluctantly conclude that the assays employed by Vidal-Gadea are not robust or C. elegans are not magneto-sensitive.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Landler, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nordmann, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nimpf, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hochstoeger, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kagerbauer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keays, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/349944</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Revised testing procedures do not elicit magnetoreceptive behavior in C. elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/354688v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Ly6/uPAR protein Bouncer is necessary and sufficient for species-specific fertilization 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/354688v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fertilization is fundamental for sexual reproduction, yet its molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we identify an oocyte-expressed Ly6/uPAR protein, which we call Bouncer, as a crucial fertilization factor in zebrafish. We show that membrane-bound Bouncer mediates sperm-egg binding and is thus essential for sperm entry into the egg. Remarkably, Bouncer is not only required for sperm-egg interaction, but also sufficient to allow cross-species fertilization between zebrafish and medaka, two fish species that diverged over 150 million years ago. Our study thus identifies Bouncer as a key determinant of species-specific fertilization in fish. Bouncers closest homolog in tetrapods, SPACA4, is restricted to the male gonad in internally fertilizing vertebrates, suggesting that our findings in fish have relevance to human biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Herberg, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gert, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schleiffer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pauli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/354688</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Ly6/uPAR protein Bouncer is necessary and sufficient for species-specific fertilization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/377275v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Homeostatic and Interferon-induced gene expression represent different states of promoter-associated transcription factor ISGF3 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/377275v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cells maintain the balance between homeostasis and inflammation by adapting and integrating the activity of intracellular signalling cascades, including the JAK-STAT pathway. Our understanding how a tailored switch from homeostasis to a strong receptor-dependent response is coordinated remains limited. We used an integrated transcriptomic and proteomic approach to analyze transcription-factor binding, gene expression and in vivo proximity-dependent labelling of proteins in living cells under homeostatic and interferon (IFN)-induced conditions. We show that interferons (IFN) switch murine macrophages from resting-state to induced gene expression by alternating subunits of transcription factor ISGF3. Whereas preformed STAT2-IRF9 complexes control basal expression of IFN-induced genes (ISG), both type I IFN and, unexpectedly, IFN{gamma} cause promoter binding of a complete ISGF3 complex containing STAT1, STAT2 and IRF9. In contrast to the dogmatic view of ISGF3 formation in the cytoplasm, our results suggest a model wherein the assembly of the ISGF3 complex occurs on DNA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Platanitis, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demiroz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Capelle, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schneller, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartl, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gossenreiter, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mueller, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novatchkova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Decker, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/377275</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Homeostatic and Interferon-induced gene expression represent different states of promoter-associated transcription factor ISGF3]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/379651v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A unifying model to predict multiple object orienting behaviors in tethered flies 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/379651v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Individual visual processing circuits for Drosophila locomotor control have been studied in detail, but contributions of specific pathways to multiple behaviors remain unclear. To address how both flexible and stereotyped visual object response behaviors potentially share neural circuit components, we investigated models of asymmetric motion responses. Such models have predicted that object fixation without explicit neural encoding of position is possible. Here we investigated what neural circuits and behaviors are consistent with such models. In behavioral experiments on tethered flying flies, we found close correspondence between T4/T5-neuron dependent turning responses to objects and model output for high frequency perturbations. Furthermore, we found that the model predicts key results from several published accounts of stereotyped object tracking. The concurrence of experiment and theory suggests a neural substrate and algorithmic basis for stereotyped object tracking and informs future studies of flexible visual behaviors and their neural bases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Poehlmann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soselisa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fenk, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Straw, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/379651</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A unifying model to predict multiple object orienting behaviors in tethered flies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/410837v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The novel lncRNA lnc-NR2F1 is pro-neurogenic and mutated in human neurodevelopmental disorders 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/410837v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to act as important cell biological regulators including cell fate decisions but are often ignored in human genetics. Combining differential lncRNA expression during neuronal lineage induction with copy number variation morbidity maps of a cohort of children with autism spectrum disorder/intellectual disability versus healthy controls revealed focal genomic mutations affecting several lncRNA candidate loci. Here we find that a t(5:12) chromosomal translocation in a family manifesting neurodevelopmental symptoms disrupts specifically lnc-NR2F1. We further show that lnc-NR2F1 is an evolutionarily conserved lncRNA functionally enhances induced neuronal cell maturation and directly occupies and regulates transcription of neuronal genes including autism-associated genes. Thus, integrating human genetics and functional testing in neuronal lineage induction is a promising approach for discovering candidate lncRNAs involved in neurodevelopmental diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ang, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wapinski, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flynn, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coe, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Onoguchi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olmos, V. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Do, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dukes-Rimsky, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, Q. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanabe, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elling, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penninger, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eichler, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srivastava, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wernig, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/410837</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The novel lncRNA lnc-NR2F1 is pro-neurogenic and mutated in human neurodevelopmental disorders]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/420687v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Olfaction regulates organismal proteostasis and longevity via microRNA-dependent signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/420687v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Introductory Paragraph Introductory Paragraph Materials and Methods tir-1 3'UTR mutant tir-1::gfp CrispR/Cas9 repair templates References The maintenance of proteostasis is crucial for any organism to survive and reproduce in an ever-changing environment, but its efficiency declines with age1,2. Posttranscriptional regulators such as microRNAs control protein translation of target mRNAs with major consequences for development, physiology, and longevity3,4. However, the precise function of lifespan- determining microRNAs remains poorly understood. Here we show that the microRNA mir-71 controls organismal proteostasis and aging in Caenorhabditis elegans by regulating its conserved target tir-1 in AWC ol ...
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Finger, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ottens, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Springhorn, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drexel, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Proksch, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cochella, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoppe, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/420687</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Olfaction regulates organismal proteostasis and longevity via microRNA-dependent signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/423293v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ANKRD31 regulates spatiotemporal patterning of meiotic recombination initiation and ensures recombination between heterologous sex chromosomes in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/423293v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Orderly segregation of chromosomes during meiosis requires that crossovers form between homologous chromosomes by recombination. Programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) initiate meiotic recombination. We identify ANKRD31 as a critical component of complexes of DSB-promoting proteins which assemble on meiotic chromosome axes. Genome-wide, ANKRD31 deficiency causes delayed recombination initiation. In addition, loss of ANKRD31 alters DSB distribution owing to reduced selectivity for sites that normally attract DSBs. Strikingly, ANKRD31 deficiency also abolishes uniquely high rates of recombination that normally characterize pseudoautosomal regions (PARs) of X and Y chromosomes. Consequently, sex chromosomes do not form crossovers leading to chromosome segregation failure in ANKRD31-deficient spermatocytes. These defects are accompanied by a genome-wide delay in assembling DSB-promoting proteins on axes and a loss of a specialized PAR-axis domain that is highly enriched for DSB-promoting proteins. Thus, we propose a model for spatiotemporal patterning of recombination by ANKRD31-dependent control of axis-associated complexes of DSB-promoting proteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Papanikos, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clement, J. A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Testa, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravindranathan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grey, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dereli, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bondarieva, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valerio-Cabrera, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stanzione, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schleiffer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jansa, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lustyk, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jifeng, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forejt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barchi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Massy, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toth, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/423293</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ANKRD31 regulates spatiotemporal patterning of meiotic recombination initiation and ensures recombination between heterologous sex chromosomes in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/424697v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cross-linking/Mass Spectrometry: A Community-Wide, Comparative Study Towards Establishing Best Practice Guidelines 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/424697v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The number of publications in the field of chemical cross-linking combined with mass spectrometry (XL-MS) to derive constraints for protein three-dimensional structure modeling and to probe protein-protein interactions has largely increased during the last years. As the technique is now becoming routine for in vitro and in vivo applications in proteomics and structural biology there is a pressing need to define protocols as well as data analysis and reporting formats that are generally accepted in the field and that have shown to lead to high-quality results. This first, community-based harmonization study on XL-MS is based on the results of 32 groups participating worldwide. The aim of this paper is to summarize the status quo of XL-MS and to compare and evaluate existing cross-linking strategies. From the results obtained, common protocols will be established. Our study serves as basis for establishing best practice guidelines in the field for conducting cross-linking experiments, performing data analysis, and reporting formats with the ultimate goal of assisting scientists to generate accurate and reproducible XL-MS results.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Iacobucci, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piotrowski, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aebersold, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaral, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrews, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borchers, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brodie, N. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruce, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaignepain, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chavez, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Claverol, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cox, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Degliesposti, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, M. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edinger, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emanuelsson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gay, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goetze, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gozzo, F. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutierrez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haupt, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heck, A. J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herzog, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoopmann, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalisman, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klykov, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kukacka, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacCoss, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mechtler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mesika, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moritz, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagaraj, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nesati, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ninnis, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novak, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Reilly, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pelzing, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petrotchenko, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piersimoni, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plasencia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pukala, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rand,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/424697</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cross-linking/Mass Spectrometry: A Community-Wide, Comparative Study Towards Establishing Best Practice Guidelines]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/426015v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Id4 eliminates the pro-activation factor Ascl1 to maintain quiescence of adult hippocampal stem cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/426015v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Quiescence is essential for the long-term maintenance of adult stem cells and tissue homeostasis. However, how stem cells maintain quiescence is still poorly understood. Here we show that stem cells in the dentate gyrus of the adult hippocampus actively transcribe the pro-activation factor Ascl1 regardless of their activation state. We found that the inhibitor of DNA binding protein Id4 suppresses Ascl1 activity in neural stem cell cultures. Id4 sequesters Ascl1 heterodimerisation partner E47, promoting Ascl1 protein degradation and neural stem cell quiescence. Accordingly, elimination of Id4 from stem cells in the adult hippocampus results in abnormal accumulation of Ascl1 protein and premature stem cell activation. We also found that multiple signalling pathways converge on the regulation of Id4 to reduce the activity of hippocampal stem cells. Id4 therefore maintains quiescence of adult neural stem cells, in sharp contrast with its role of promoting the proliferation of embryonic neural progenitors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Blomfield, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rocamonde, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masdeu, M. D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mulugeta, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaga, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van den Berg, D. L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huillard, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guillemot, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Urban, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/426015</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Id4 eliminates the pro-activation factor Ascl1 to maintain quiescence of adult hippocampal stem cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/439422v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MTHFD1 is a genetic interactor of BRD4 and links folate metabolism to transcriptional regulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/439422v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The histone acetyl-reader BRD4 is an important regulator of chromatin structure and transcription, yet factors modulating its activity have remained elusive. Here we describe two complementary screens for genetic and physical interactors of BRD4, which converge on the folate pathway enzyme MTHFD1. We show that a fraction of MTHFD1 resides in the nucleus, where it is recruited to distinct genomic loci by direct interaction with BRD4. Inhibition of either BRD4 or MTHFD1 results in similar changes in nuclear metabolite composition and gene expression, and pharmacologic inhibitors of the two pathways synergize to impair cancer cell viability in vitro and in vivo. Our finding that MTHFD1 and other metabolic enzymes are chromatin-associated suggests a direct role for nuclear metabolism in the control of gene expression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sdelci, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rendeiro, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rathert, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hofstaetter, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ringler, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moll, H. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>You, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klavins, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guertl, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farlik, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schick, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klepsch, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oldach, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buphamalai, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schischlik, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Majek, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parapatics, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidl, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schuster, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penz, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buckley, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hudecz, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imre, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kralovics, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mueller, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mechtler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menche, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bradner, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winter, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casanova, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bock, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuber, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kubicek, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/439422</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MTHFD1 is a genetic interactor of BRD4 and links folate metabolism to transcriptional regulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/442517v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sulfated RaxX, which represents an unclassified group of ribosomally synthesized post-translationally modified peptides, binds a host immune receptor 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/442517v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The rice immune receptor XA21 is activated by the sulfated microbial peptide RaxX (required for activation of XA21-mediated immunity X) produced by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Mutational studies and targeted proteomics revealed that RaxX is processed and secreted by the protease/transporter RaxB, whose function can be partially fulfilled by a noncognate peptidase-containing transporter B (PctB). RaxX is cleaved at a Gly-Gly motif, yielding a mature peptide that retains the necessary elements for RaxX function as an immunogen and host peptide hormone mimic. These results indicate that RaxX is a founding member of a previously unclassified and understudied group of tyrosine sulfated RiPPs (ribosomally synthesized, post-translationally modified peptides). We further demonstrate that sulfated RaxX directly binds XA21 with high affinity. This work reveals a complete, previously uncharacterized biological process: bacterial RiPP biosynthesis, secretion, binding to a eukaryotic receptor and triggering of a robust host immune response.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Luu, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joe, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parys, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bahar, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pruitt, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L. J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petzold, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adamchak, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belkhadir, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ronald, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/442517</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sulfated RaxX, which represents an unclassified group of ribosomally synthesized post-translationally modified peptides, binds a host immune receptor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/460360v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systems approaches provide new insights into Arabidopsis thaliana root growth under mineral nutrient limitation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/460360v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The molecular genetic mechanisms by which plants modulate their root growth rate (RGR) in response to nutrient deficiency are largely unknown. Using a panel of Arabidopsis thaliana natural accessions, we provide a comprehensive combinatorial analysis of RGR variation under macro- and micronutrient deficiency, namely phosphorus (P), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn), which affect root growth in opposite directions. We found that while -P stimulates early RGR of most accessions, -Fe or -Zn reduces it. The combination of either -P-Fe or -P-Zn leads to suppression of the growth inhibition exerted by -Fe or -Zn alone. Surprisingly, Arabidopsis reference accession Columbia (Col-0) is not representative of the species under -P and -Zn. Using a genome wide association study, we identify candidate genes that control RGR under the assayed nutrient deficiency conditions. By using a network biology driven search using these candidate genes, we further identify a functional module enriched in regulation of cell cycle, DNA replication and chromatin modification that possibly underlies the suppression of root growth reduction in -P-Fe conditions. Collectively, our findings provide a framework for understanding the regulation of RGR under nutrient deficiency, and open new routes for the identification of both large effect genes and favorable allelic variations to improve root growth.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bouain, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korte, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satbhai, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rhee, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Busch, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rouached, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/460360</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systems approaches provide new insights into Arabidopsis thaliana root growth under mineral nutrient limitation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/464024v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Architectural principles for Hfq/Crc-mediated regulation of gene expression 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/464024v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The global regulator Hfq facilitates the action of regulatory RNAs in post-transcription gene regulation in many Gram-negative bacteria. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Hfq, in conjunction with the catabolite repression protein Crc, was shown to form a complex that directly inhibits translation of target transcripts during carbon catabolite repression. Here, we describe and validate high-resolution cryo-EM structures of the cooperative assembly of Hfq and Crc bound to a translation initiation site. The core assembly is formed through interactions of two cognate RNAs, two Hfq hexamers and a Crc pair. Additional Crc protomers can be recruited to form higher-order assemblies with demonstrated in vivo activity. The structures indicate a distinctive RNA conformation and a pattern of repeating motifs that confer regulatory function. This study not only reveals for the first time how Hfq cooperates with a partner protein to regulate translation but also provides a novel structural basis to explain how an RNA code can guide global regulators to interact cooperatively and regulate many different RNA targets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Luisi, B. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pei, X. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dendooven, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sonnleitner, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blasi, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/464024</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Architectural principles for Hfq/Crc-mediated regulation of gene expression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/468421v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
WUSCHEL acts as a rheostat on the auxin pathway to maintain apical stem cells in Arabidopsis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/468421v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To maintain the balance between long-term stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, dynamic signals need to be translated into spatially precise and temporally stable gene expression states. In the apical plant stem cell system, local accumulation of the small, highly mobile phytohormone auxin triggers differentiation while at the same time, pluripotent stem cells are maintained throughout the entire life-cycle. We find that stem cells are resistant to auxin mediated differentiation, but require low levels of signaling for their maintenance. We demonstrate that the WUSCHEL transcription factor confers this behavior by rheostatically controlling the auxin signaling and response pathway. Finally, we show that WUSCHEL acts via regulation of histone acetylation at target loci, including those with functions in the auxin pathway. Our results reveal an important mechanism that allows cells to differentially translate a potent and highly dynamic developmental signal into stable cell behavior with high spatial precision and temporal robustness.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miotk, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sutikovic, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medzihradszky, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Enzl, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ermakova, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaillochet, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forner, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Utan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brackmann, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galvan-Ampudia, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vernoux, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lohmann, J. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/468421</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[WUSCHEL acts as a rheostat on the auxin pathway to maintain apical stem cells in Arabidopsis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/472126v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Remote control of alternative splicing in roots through TOR kinase 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/472126v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
For plants, light is the source of energy and the most relevant regulator of growth and adaptations to the environment by inducing changes in gene expression at various levels, including alternative splicing. Chloroplasts trigger retrograde signals that control alternative splicing in leaves and roots in response to light. Here we provide evidence suggesting that sugars, derived from photosynthesis, act as mobile signals controlling alternative splicing in roots. The inhibition of TOR kinase activity diminishes the alternative splicing response to light and/or sugars in roots, showing the relevance of the TOR pathway in this signaling mechanism. Furthermore, disrupting the function of the mitochondria abolishes alternative splicing changes supporting a key role for these organelles in this signaling axis. We conclude that sugars can act as mobile signals coordinating alternative splicing responses to light throughout the whole plant, exerting this function in roots by activating the TOR pathway.nnGraphical AbstractnnO_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/472126v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">nView larger version (76K):norg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@a8c978org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1430da0org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1339990org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@a6dd5a_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG Art by Dr. Luciana Giono.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Petrillo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riegler, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuchs, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Servi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godoy Herz, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kubaczka, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venhuizen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schweighofer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kornblihtt, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, J. W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalyna, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/472126</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Remote control of alternative splicing in roots through TOR kinase]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/476051v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Optimized fragmentation improves the identification of peptides cross-linked using MS-cleavable reagents 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/476051v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cross-linking mass spectrometry (XLMS) is becoming increasingly popular, and current advances are widening the applicability of the technique so that it can be utilized by non-specialist laboratories. Specifically, the use of novel mass spectrometry-cleavable (MS-cleavable) reagents dramatically reduces complexity of the data by providing i) characteristic reporter ions and ii) the mass of the individual peptides, rather than that of the cross-linked moiety. However, optimum acquisition strategies to obtain the best quality data for such cross-linkers with higher energy C-trap dissociation (HCD) alone is yet to be achieved. Therefore, we have carefully investigated and optimized MS parameters to facilitate the identification of disuccinimidyl sulfoxide (DSSO)- based cross-links on HCD-equipped mass spectrometers. From the comparison of 9 different fragmentation energies we chose several stepped-HCD fragmentation methods that were evaluated on a variety of cross-linked proteins. The optimal stepped-HCD-method was then directly compared with previously described methods using an Orbitrap Fusion Lumos TribridTM instrument using a high-complexity sample. The final results indicate that our stepped-HCD method is able to identify more cross-links than other methods, mitigating the need for multistage MS (MSn) enabled instrumentation and alternative dissociation techniques.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stieger, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doppler, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mechtler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/476051</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Optimized fragmentation improves the identification of peptides cross-linked using MS-cleavable reagents]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/491514v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Selective roles of vertebrate PCF11 in premature and full-length transcript termination 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/491514v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The pervasive nature of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcription requires efficient termination. A key player in this process is the cleavage and polyadenylation (CPA) factor PCF11, which directly binds to the Pol II C-terminal domain and dismantles elongating Pol II from DNA in vitro. We demonstrate that PCF11-mediated termination is essential for vertebrate development. A range of genomic analyses, including: mNET-seq, 3 mRNA-seq, chromatin RNA-seq and ChIP-seq, reveals that PCF11 enhances transcription termination and stimulates early polyadenylation genome-wide. PCF11 binds preferentially between closely spaced genes, where it prevents transcriptional interference and downstream gene silencing. Notably, PCF11 is sub-stoichiometric to the CPA complex. Low levels of PCF11 are maintained by an auto-regulatory mechanism involving premature termination of its own transcript, and are important for normal development. Both in human cell culture and during zebrafish development, PCF11 selectively attenuates the expression of other transcriptional regulators by premature CPA and termination.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kamieniarz-Gdula, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gdula, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panser, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nojima, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monks, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wisniewski, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riepsaame, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brockdorff, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pauli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Proudfoot, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/491514</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Selective roles of vertebrate PCF11 in premature and full-length transcript termination]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/501445v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Augmin-mediated amplification of long-lived spindle microtubules directs plus-ends to kinetochores 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/501445v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dividing cells reorganize their microtubule cytoskeleton into a bipolar spindle, which moves one set of sister chromatids to each nascent daughter cell. Early spindle assembly models postulated that spindle-pole-derived microtubules search the cytoplasmic space until they randomly encounter a kinetochore to form a stable attachment. More recent work uncovered several additional, centrosome-independent microtubule generation pathways, but the contributions of each pathway to spindle assembly have remained unclear. Here, we combined live microscopy and mathematical modeling to show that most microtubules nucleate at non-centrosomal regions in dividing human cells. Using a live-cell probe that selectively labels aged microtubule lattices, we demonstrate that the distribution of growing microtubule plus-ends can be almost entirely explained by Augmin-dependent amplification of long-lived microtubules. By ultra-fast 3D lattice light-sheet microscopy, we observed that this mechanism results in a strong directional bias of microtubule growth towards individual kinetochores. Our systematic quantification of spindle dynamics reveals highly coordinated microtubule growth during kinetochore-fiber assembly.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>David, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roudot, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Legant, W. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Betzig, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danuser, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerlich, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/501445</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Augmin-mediated amplification of long-lived spindle microtubules directs plus-ends to kinetochores]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/524124v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Prrx1 limb enhancer marks an adult population of injury-responsive, multipotent dermal fibroblasts 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/524124v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The heterogeneity of adult tissues has been posited to contribute toward the loss of regenerative potential in mammals. Here we characterize an adult population of dermal fibroblasts that maintain expression of a Prrx1 enhancer which originally marked mesenchymal limb progenitors. Prrx1 enhancer-positive cells (Prrx1enh+) make up a small subset of adult dermal cells (~0.2%) and reside mainly within specific dermal perivascular and hair follicle niches. Upon injury, however, Prrx1enh+ cells readily migrate into the wound bed and amplify on average 16-fold beyond their uninjured numbers. Additionally, Prrx1enh+ cells emigrate out of their dermal niches following wounding and contribute to subcutaneous tissue. Prrx1enh+ cells are uniquely injury-responsive and do not contribute to tissue homeostasis or enriched by neonatal-like Wnt signaling. Prrx1enh+ cells represent a potent regenerative cell population that, despite being a meager minority in adult skin, demonstrate the potential to tip the balance of mammalian wound healing toward scar-free healing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Currie, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grosser, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murawala, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schuez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanaka, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandoval-Guzman, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/524124</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Prrx1 limb enhancer marks an adult population of injury-responsive, multipotent dermal fibroblasts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/530659v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Werner syndrome helicase is a selective vulnerability of microsatellite instability high tumor cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/530659v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Targeted cancer therapy is based on exploiting selective dependencies of tumor cells. By leveraging recent large-scale genomic profiling and functional screening of cancer cell lines we identified Werner syndrome helicase (WRN) as a novel specific vulnerability of microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) cancer cells. MSI, caused by defective mismatch repair is frequently detected in human malignancies, in particular in colorectal, endometrial and gastric cancers. We demonstrate that WRN inactivation selectively impairs the viability of MSI-H but not microsatellite stable (MSS) colorectal and endometrial cancer cell lines. In MSI-H cells, WRN loss results in the emergence of chromosome breaks, chromatin bridges and micronuclei highlighting defective genome integrity. WRN variants harboring mutations abrogating the ATPase function of WRN helicase fail to rescue the viability phenotype of WRN-depleted MSI-H colorectal cells. Our study suggests that pharmacological inhibition of WRN helicase function might represent a novel opportunity to develop a targeted therapy for MSI-H cancers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lieb, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blaha-Ostermann, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamper, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ehrenhoefer-Woelfer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlattl, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wernitznig, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lipp, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagasaka, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bader, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neumueller, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kraut, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pearson, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petronczki, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woehrle, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/530659</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Werner syndrome helicase is a selective vulnerability of microsatellite instability high tumor cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/540880v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A neurodevelopmental origin of behavioral individuality 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/540880v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The genome versus experience, or "Nature versus Nurture", debate has dominated our understanding of individual behavioral variation. A third factor, namely variation in complex behavior potentially due to non-heritable "developmental noise" in brain development, has been largely ignored. Using the Drosophila vinegar fly we demonstrate a causal link between variation in brain wiring due to developmental noise, and behavioral individuality. A population of visual system neurons called DCNs shows non-heritable, inter-individual variation in right/left wiring asymmetry, and control object orientation in freely walking flies. We show that DCN wiring asymmetry predicts an individuals object responses: the greater the asymmetry, the better the individual orients. Silencing DCNs abolishes correlations between anatomy and behavior, while inducing visual asymmetry via monocular deprivation "rescues" object orientation in DCN-symmetric individuals.

One Sentence SummaryNon-heritable individual variation in neural circuit development underlies individual variability in behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Linneweber, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andriatsilavo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dutta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hellbruegge, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ejsmont, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fenk, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Straw, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wernet, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hiesinger, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hassan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/540880</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A neurodevelopmental origin of behavioral individuality]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/553529v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Meiotic DNA repair in the nucleolus employs a non-homologous end joining mechanism 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/553529v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ribosomal RNA genes are arranged in large arrays with hundreds of rDNA units in tandem. These highly repetitive DNA elements pose a risk to genome stability since they can undergo non-allelic exchanges. During meiosis DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) are induced as part of the regular program to generate gametes. Meiotic DSBs initiate homologous recombination (HR) which subsequently ensures genetic exchange and chromosome disjunction.

In Arabidopsis thaliana we demonstrate that all 45S rDNA arrays become transcriptionally active and are recruited into the nucleolus early in meiosis. This shields the rDNA from acquiring canonical meiotic chromatin modifications, meiotic cohesin and meiosis-specific DSBs. DNA breaks within the rDNA arrays are repaired in a RAD51-independent, but LIG4-dependent manner, establishing that it is non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) that maintains rDNA integrity during meiosis. Utilizing ectopically integrated rDNA repeats we validate our findings and demonstrate that the rDNA constitutes a HR-refractory genome environment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sims, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Copenhaver, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schloegelhofer, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/553529</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Meiotic DNA repair in the nucleolus employs a non-homologous end joining mechanism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/559187v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
EXOCYST70A3 controls root system depth in Arabidopsis via the dynamic modulation of auxin transport 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/559187v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Root system architecture (RSA), the distribution of roots in soil, plays a major role in plant survival. RSA is shaped by multiple developmental processes that are largely governed by the phytohormone auxin, suggesting that auxin regulates responses of roots that are important for local adaptation. However, auxin has a central role in numerous processes and it is unclear which molecular mechanisms contribute to the variation in RSA for environmental adaptation. Using natural variation in Arabidopsis, we identify EXOCYST70A3 as a modulator of the auxin system that causes variation in RSA by acting on PIN4 protein distribution. Allelic variation and genetic perturbation of EXOCYST70A3 leads to alteration of root gravitropic responses, resulting in a different RSA depth profile and drought resistance. Overall our findings suggest that the local modulation of the pleiotropic auxin pathway can gives rise to distinct root system architectures that can be adaptive in specific environments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ogura, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goeschl, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Filiault, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirea, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slovak, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolhrab, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satbhai, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Busch, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/559187</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[EXOCYST70A3 controls root system depth in Arabidopsis via the dynamic modulation of auxin transport]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/560425v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Absolute quantification of cohesin, CTCF and their regulators in human cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/560425v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The organisation of mammalian genomes into loops and topologically associating domains (TADs) contributes to chromatin structure, gene expression and recombination. Loops and TADs are formed by cohesin and positioned by CTCF. In proliferating cells, cohesin also mediates sister chromatid cohesion, which is essential for chromosome segregation. Current models of chromatin folding and cohesion are based on assumptions of how many cohesin and CTCF molecules organise the genome. Here we have measured absolute copy numbers and dynamics of cohesin, CTCF, NIPBL, WAPL and sororin by mass spectrometry, fluorescence-correlation spectroscopy and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching in HeLa cells. In G1-phase there are ~245,000 cohesin complexes, of which ~139,000 are on chromatin. Comparison with chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing data implies that some genomic cohesin and CTCF enrichment sites are unoccupied in single cells at any one time. We discuss the implications of these findings for how cohesin can contribute to genome organisation and cohesion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Holzmann, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Politi, A. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagasaka, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hantsche-Grininger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walther, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koch, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuchs, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dürnberger, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ladurner, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stocsits, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Busslinger, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novak, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mechtler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, I. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellenberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/560425</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Absolute quantification of cohesin, CTCF and their regulators in human cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/593772v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Differential impacts of the head on Platynereis dumerilii peripheral circadian rhythms 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/593772v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe marine bristle worm Platynereis dumerilii is a useful functional model system for the study of the circadian clock and its interplay with others, e.g. circalunar clocks. The focus has so far been on the worms head. However, behavioral and physiological cycles in other animals typically arise from the coordination of circadian clocks located in the brain and in peripheral tissues. Here we focus on peripheral circadian rhythms and clocks, revisit and expand classical circadian work on the worms chromatophores, investigate locomotion as read-out and include molecular analyses.nnResultsWe establish that different pieces of the trunk exhibit synchronized, robust oscillations of core circadian clock genes. These circadian core clock transcripts are under strong control of the light-dark cycle, quickly losing synchronized oscillation under constant darkness, irrespective of the absence or presence of heads. Different wavelengths are differently effective in controlling the peripheral molecular synchronization. We have previously shown that locomotor activity is under circadian clock control. Here we show that upon decapitation it still follows the light-dark cycle, but does not free-run under constant darkness. We also observe the rhythmicity of pigments in the worms individual chromatophores, confirming that chromatophore size changes follow a circadian pattern. These size changes continue under constant darkness, but cannot be re-entrained by light upon decapitation.nnConclusionsHere we provide the first basic characterization of the peripheral circadian clock of Platynereis dumerilii. In the absence of the head, light is essential as a major synchronization cue for peripheral molecular and locomotor circadian rhythms. Circadian changes in chromatophore size can however continue for several days in the absence of light/dark changes and the head. Thus, the dependence on the head depends on the type of peripheral rhythm studied. These data show that peripheral circadian rhythms and clocks should be considered when investigating the interactions of clocks with different period lengths, a notion likely also true for other organisms with circadian and non-circadian clocks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Arboleda, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zurl, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tessmar-Raible, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/593772</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Differential impacts of the head on Platynereis dumerilii peripheral circadian rhythms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/595025v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolution of neuronal anatomy and circuitry in two highly divergent nematode species 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/595025v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The nematodes C. elegans and P. pacificus populate diverse habitats and display distinct patterns of behavior. To understand how their nervous systems have diverged, we undertook a detailed examination of the neuroanatomy of the chemosensory system of P. pacificus. Using independent features such as cell body position, axon projections and lipophilic dye uptake, we have assigned homologies between the amphid neurons, their first-layer interneurons, and several internal receptor neurons of P. pacificus and C. elegans. We found that neuronal number and soma position are highly conserved. However, the morphological elaborations of several amphid cilia are different between them, most notably in the absence of  winged cilia morphology in P. pacificus. We established a synaptic wiring diagram of amphid sensory neurons and amphid interneurons in P. pacificus and found striking patterns of conservation and divergence in connectivity relative to C. elegans, but very little changes in relative neighborhood of neuronal processes.nnImpact StatementThe substrate for evolutionary divergence does not lie in changes in neuronal cell number or targeting, but rather in sensory perception and synaptic partner choice within invariant, prepatterned neuronal processes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hong, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riebesell, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bumbarger, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cook, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carstensen, H. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarpolaki, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cochella, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castrejon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moreno, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sieriebriennikov, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hobert, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sommer, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/595025</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolution of neuronal anatomy and circuitry in two highly divergent nematode species]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/596171v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A heterochromatin-specific RNA export pathway facilitates piRNA production 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/596171v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) guide transposon silencing in animals. The 22-30nt piRNAs are processed in the cytoplasm from long non-coding RNAs. How piRNA precursors, which often lack RNA processing hallmarks of export-competent transcripts, achieve nuclear export is unknown. Here, we uncover the RNA export pathway specific for piRNA precursors in the Drosophila germline. This pathway requires Nxf3-Nxt1, a variant of the hetero-dimeric mRNA export receptor Nxf1-Nxt1. Nxf3 interacts with UAP56, a nuclear RNA helicase essential for mRNA export, and CG13741/Bootlegger, which recruits Nxf3-Nxt1 and UAP56 to heterochromatic piRNA source loci. Upon RNA cargo binding, Nxf3 achieves nuclear export via the exportin Crm1, and accumulates together with Bootlegger in peri-nuclear nuage, suggesting that after export, Nxf3-Bootlegger delivers precursor transcripts to the piRNA processing sites. Our findings indicate that the piRNA pathway bypasses nuclear RNA surveillance systems to achieve export of heterochromatic, unprocessed transcripts to the cytoplasm, a strategy also exploited by retroviruses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>ElMaghraby, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersen, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puehringer, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meixner, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lendl, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tirian, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brennecke, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/596171</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A heterochromatin-specific RNA export pathway facilitates piRNA production]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/600726v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of novel genes involved in phosphate accumulation in Lotus japonicus through Genome Wide Association mapping of root system architecture and anion content 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/600726v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phosphate is a key nutrient for plants and as it is needed in high quantities. It is highly immobile in the soil and represents a major limiting factor for plant productivity. Plants have evolved different solutions to forage the soil for phosphate and to adapt to phosphate limitation ranging from a profound tuning of their root system architecture and metabolic profile to the evolution of widespread mutualistic interactions, such as those with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM symbiosis). Despite the prevalence of AM symbiosis throughout land plants, most studies aimed at identifying genes that regulate plant responses to phosphate have been conducted in species incapable of AM symbiosis, such as Arabidopsis. Here we elucidated plant responses and their genetic basis to different phosphate levels in a plant species that is widely used as a model for AM symbiosis: Lotus japonicus. Rather than focusing on a single model strain, we measured root growth and anion content in response to different levels of phosphate in a large panel of Lotus japonicus natural accessions. This allowed us not only to uncover common as well as divergent responses within this species, but also enabled Genome Wide Association Studies by which we identified new genes regulating phosphate homeostasis in Lotus. Under low phosphate conditions, we uncovered a correlation between plant biomass and the decrease of plant phosphate concentration in plant tissues, suggesting a dilution effect. Altogether our data of the genetic and phenotypic variation within a species capable of AM complements studies that have been conducted in Arabidopsis, and advances our understanding of the continuum of genotype by phosphate level interaction that exists throughout dicot plants.

Author SummaryPhosphate represents a major limiting factor for plant productivity. Plants have evolved different solutions to adapt to phosphate limitation ranging from a profound tuning of their root system architecture and metabolic profile to the evolution of widespread mutualistic interactions, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Here we elucidated plant responses and their genetic basis to different phosphate levels in model legume plant species, Lotus japonicus, a plant commonly used for studying arbuscular mycorhizal symbiosis. We investigated Lotus responses to phosphate levels by combining high throughput root system architecture phenotyping and nutrient measurements with a natural variation approach. We investigated relations between root phenotypic responses and nutrient accumulation and we uncovered, under low phosphate conditions, a correlation between plant biomass and the decrease of plant phosphate concentration in plant tissues, suggesting a dilution effect. By means of Genome Wide Association mapping and integration of multiple traits, we identified new genes regulating phosphate homeostasis in Lotus.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Giovannetti, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goeschl, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersen, S. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kopriva, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Busch, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/600726</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of novel genes involved in phosphate accumulation in Lotus japonicus through Genome Wide Association mapping of root system architecture and anion content]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/609693v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The nascent RNA binding complex SFiNX licenses piRNA-guided heterochromatin formation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/609693v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway protects animal genome integrity in part through establishing repressive heterochromatin at transposon loci. Silencing requires piRNA-guided targeting of nuclear PIWI proteins to nascent transposon transcripts, yet the subsequent molecular events are not understood. Here, we identify SFiNX (Silencing Factor interacting Nuclear eXport variant), an interdependent protein complex required for Piwi-mediated co-transcriptional silencing in Drosophila. SFiNX consists of Nxf2-Nxt1, a gonad-specific variant of the heterodimeric mRNA export receptor Nxf1-Nxt1, and the Piwi-associated protein Panoramix. SFiNX mutant flies are sterile and exhibit transposon de-repression because piRNA-loaded Piwi is unable to establish heterochromatin. Within SFiNX, Panoramix recruits the heterochromatin effectors, while the RNA binding Nxf2 protein licenses co-transcriptional silencing. Our data reveal how Nxf2 evolved from an RNA transport receptor into a co-transcriptional silencing factor. Thus, NXF-variants, which are abundant in metazoans, can have diverse molecular functions and might have been co-opted for host genome defense more broadly.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Batki, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schnabl, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Handler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreev, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stieger, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novatchkova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lampersberger, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kauneckaite, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mechtler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brennecke, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/609693</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The nascent RNA binding complex SFiNX licenses piRNA-guided heterochromatin formation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/617878v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metabolic control of YAP via the acto-myosin system during liver regeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/617878v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mechanisms of organ size control remain poorly understood. A key question is how cells collectively sense the overall status of a tissue. We addressed this problem focusing on mouse liver regeneration, which is controlled by Hippo signalling. Using digital tissue reconstruction and quantitative image analysis, we found that the apical surface of hepatocytes forming the bile canalicular network expands concomitant with an increase of F-actin and phospho-Myosin, to compensate an overload of bile acids. Interestingly, these changes are sensed by the Hippo transcriptional co-activator YAP, which localizes to the apical F-actin-rich region and translocates to the nucleus in dependence of the acto-myosin system. This mechanism tolerates moderate bile acid fluctuations under tissue homeostasis, but activates YAP in response to sustained bile acid overload. Using an integrated biophysical-biochemical model of bile pressure and Hippo signalling, we explained this behaviour by the existence of a mechano-sensory mechanism that activates YAP in a switch-like manner. We propose that the apical surface of hepatocytes acts as a self-regulatory mechano-sensory system that responds to critical levels of bile acids as readout of tissue status.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Meyer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morales-Navarrete, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seifert, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilsch-Braeuninger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dahmen, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanaka, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brusch, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalaidzidis, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zerial, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/617878</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metabolic control of YAP via the acto-myosin system during liver regeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/621540v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hierarchical recurrent state space models reveal discrete and continuous dynamics of neural activity in C. elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/621540v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Modern recording techniques enable large-scale measurements of neural activity in a variety of model organisms. The dynamics of neural activity shed light on how organisms process sensory information and generate motor behavior. Here, we study these dynamics using optical recordings of neural activity in the nematode C. elegans. To understand these data, we develop state space models that decompose neural time-series into segments with simple, linear dynamics. We incorporate these models into a hierarchical framework that combines partial recordings from many worms to learn shared structure, while still allowing for individual variability. This framework reveals latent states of population neural activity, along with the discrete behavioral states that govern dynamics in this state space. We find stochastic transition patterns between discrete states and see that transition probabilities are determined by both current brain activity and sensory cues. Our methods automatically recover transition times that closely match manual labels of different behaviors, such as forward crawling, reversals, and turns. Finally, the resulting model can simulate neural data, faithfully capturing salient patterns of whole brain dynamics seen in real data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Linderman, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nichols, A. L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blei, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimmer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paninski, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/621540</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hierarchical recurrent state space models reveal discrete and continuous dynamics of neural activity in C. elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/669846v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Protein Engineering Approach for Uncovering Cryptic Ubiquitin-binding Sites: from a Ubiquitin-Variant Inhibitor of APC/C to K48 Chain Binding 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/669846v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis is a fundamental mechanism used by eukaryotic cells to maintain homeostasis and protein quality, and to control timing in biological processes. Two essential aspects of ubiquitin regulation are conjugation through E1-E2-E3 enzymatic cascades, and recognition by ubiquitin-binding domains. An emerging theme in the ubiquitin field is that these two properties are often amalgamated in conjugation enzymes. In addition to covalent thioester linkage to ubiquitins C-terminus for ubiquitin transfer reactions, conjugation enzymes often bind non-covalently and weakly to ubiquitin at "exosites". However, identification of such sites is typically empirical and particularly challenging in large molecular machines. Here, studying the 1.2 MDa E3 ligase Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C), which controls cell division and many aspects of neurobiology, we discover a method for identifying unexpected ubiquitin-binding sites. Using a panel of ubiquitin variants (UbVs) we identify a protein-based inhibitor that blocks ubiquitin ligation to APC/C substrates in vitro and ex vivo. Biochemistry, NMR, and cryo EM structurally define the UbV interaction, explain its inhibitory activity through binding the surface on the APC2 subunit that recruits the E2 enzyme UBE2C, and ultimately reveal that this APC2 surface is also a ubiquitin-binding exosite with preference for K48-linked chains. The results provide a new tool for probing APC/C activity, have implications for the coordination of K48-linked Ub chain binding by APC/C with the multistep process of substrate polyubiquitylation, and demonstrate the power of UbV technology for identifying cryptic ubiquitin binding sites within large multiprotein complexes.nnSIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTUbiquitin-mediated interactions influence numerous biological processes. These are often transient or a part of multivalent interactions. Therefore, unmasking these interactions remains a significant challenge for large, complicated enzymes such as the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C), a multisubunit RING E3 ubiquitin (Ub) ligase. APC/C activity regulates numerous facets of biology by targeting key regulatory proteins for Ub-mediated degradation. Using a series of Ub variants (UbVs), we identified a new Ub-binding site on the APC/C that preferentially binds to K48-linked Ub chains. More broadly, we demonstrate a workflow that can be exploited to uncover Ub-binding sites within ubiquitylation machinery and other associated regulatory proteins to interrogate the complexity of the Ub code in biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Watson, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grace, C. R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, I. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prabu, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolhuis, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kulko, E. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vollrath, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haselbach, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stark, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, N. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sidhu, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schulman, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/669846</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Protein Engineering Approach for Uncovering Cryptic Ubiquitin-binding Sites: from a Ubiquitin-Variant Inhibitor of APC/C to K48 Chain Binding]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/678995v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Improved Sensitivity in Low-Input Proteomics using Micro-Pillar Array-based Chromatography 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/678995v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Capitalizing on the massive increase in sample concentrations which are produced by extremely low elution volumes, nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS is currently one of the most sensitive analytical technologies for the comprehensive characterization of complex protein samples.nnHowever, despite tremendous technological improvements made in the production and the packing of monodisperse spherical particles for nano-flow HPLC, current state-of-the-art systems still suffer from limits in operation at the maximum potential of the technology.nnWith the recent introduction of the {micro}PAC system, which provides perfectly ordered micro-pillar array based chromatographic support materials, completely new chromatographic concepts for optimization towards the needs of ultra-sensitive proteomics become available.nnHere we report on a series of benchmarking experiments comparing the performance of a commercially available 50 cm micro-pillar array column to a widely used nano-flow HPLC column for the proteomics analysis of 10 ng tryptic HeLa cell digest.nnComparative analysis of LC-MS/MS-data corroborated that micro-pillar array cartridges provide outstanding chromatographic performance, excellent retention time stability, increase sensitivity in the analysis of low-input proteomics samples, and thus repeatedly yielded almost twice as many unique peptide and unique protein group identifications when compared to conventional nano-flow HPLC columns.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stadlmann, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hudecz, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krssakova, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Raemdonck, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Op De Beeck, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desmet, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penninger, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacobs, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mechtler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/678995</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Improved Sensitivity in Low-Input Proteomics using Micro-Pillar Array-based Chromatography]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/684076v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Invariants of Frameshifted Variants 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/684076v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Frameshifts in protein coding sequences are widely perceived as resulting in either non-functional or even deleterious protein products. Indeed, frameshifts typically lead to markedly altered protein sequences and premature stop codons. By analyzing complete proteomes from all three domains of life, we demonstrate that, in contrast, several key physicochemical properties of protein sequences exhibit significant robustness against +1 and -1 frameshifts in their mRNA coding sequences. In particular, we show that hydrophobicity profiles of many protein sequences remain largely invariant upon frameshifting. For example, over 2900 human proteins exhibit a Pearson correlation coefficient between the hydrophobicity profiles of the original and the +1-frameshifted variants greater than 0.7, despite a median sequence identity between the two of only 6.5% in this group. We observe a similar effect for protein sequence profiles of affinity for certain nucleobases, their matching with the cognate mRNA nucleobase-density profiles as well as protein sequence profiles of intrinsic disorder. Finally, we show that frameshift invariance is directly embedded in the structure of the universal genetic code and may have contributed to shaping it. Our results suggest that frameshifting may be a powerful evolutionary mechanism for creating new proteins with vastly different sequences, yet similar physicochemical properties to the proteins they originate from.nnSignificance StatementGenetic information stored in DNA is transcribed to messenger RNAs and then read in the process of translation to produce proteins. A frameshift in the reading frame at any stage of the process typically results in a significantly different protein sequence being produced and is generally assumed to be a source of detrimental errors that biological systems need to control. Here, we show that several essential properties of many protein sequences, such as their hydrophobicity profiles, remain largely unchanged upon frameshifts. This finding suggests that frameshifting could be an effective evolutionary strategy for generating novel protein sequences, which retain the functionally relevant physicochemical properties of the sequences they derive from.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bartonek, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braun, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zagrovic, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/684076</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Invariants of Frameshifted Variants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/692228v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular mechanism for the recognition of sequence-divergent CIF peptides by the plant receptor kinases GSO1/SGN3 and GSO2. 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/692228v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plants use leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases (LRR-RKs) to sense sequence diverse peptide hormones at the cell surface. A 3.0 [A] crystal structure of the LRR-RK GSO1/SGN3 regulating Casparian strip formation in the endodermis reveals a large spiral-shaped ectodomain. The domain provides a binding platform for 21 amino-acid CIF peptide ligands, which are tyrosine sulfated by the tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase TPST/SGN2. GSO1/SGN3 harbors a binding pocket for sulfotyrosine and makes extended backbone interactions with CIF2. Quantitative biochemical comparisons reveal that GSO1/SGN3 - CIF2 represents one of the strongest receptor-ligand pairs known in plants. Multiple missense mutations are required to block CIF2 binding in vitro, and GSO1/SGN3 function in vivo. Using structure-guided sequence analysis we uncover novel CIF peptides conserved among higher plants. Quantitative binding assays with known and novel CIFs suggest that the homologous LRR-RKs GSO1/SGN3 and GSO2 have evolved unique peptide binding properties to control different developmental processes. A quantitative biochemical interaction screen, a CIF peptide antagonist and genetic analyses together implicate SERK LRR-RKs as essential co-receptor kinases required for GSO1/SGN3 and GSO2 receptor activation. 0ur work provides a mechanistic framework for the recognition of sequence-divergent peptide hormones in plants.nnSignificance StatementTwo sequence-related plant membrane receptor kinases and their shape-complementary co-receptors are shown to selectively sense members of a small family of secreted peptide hormones to control formation of an important diffusion barrier in the plant root.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Okuda, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fujita, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moretti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hohmann, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez Doblas, V. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pfister, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandt, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geldner, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hothorn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/692228</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular mechanism for the recognition of sequence-divergent CIF peptides by the plant receptor kinases GSO1/SGN3 and GSO2.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/698480v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TMT-Opsins differentially modulate medaka brain function in a context-dependent fashion 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/698480v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Vertebrate behavior is strongly influenced by light. Light receptors, encoded by functional Opsin proteins, are present inside the vertebrate brain and peripheral tissues. This expression feature is present from fishes to human and appears to be particularly prominent in diurnal vertebrates. Despite their conserved widespread occurrence, the non-visual functions of Opsins are still largely enigmatic. This is even more apparent when considering the high number of Opsins. Teleosts possess around 40 Opsin genes, present from young developmental stages to adulthood. Many of these Opsins have been shown to function as light receptors. This raises the question, if this large number might mainly reflect functional redundancy or rather maximally enables teleosts to optimally use the complex light information present under water. We focus on tmt-opsin1b and tmt-opsin2, c-Opsins with ancestral-type sequence features, conserved across several vertebrate phyla, expressed with partly similar expression in non-rod, non-cone, non-RGCs brain tissues and a similar spectral sensitivity. The characterization of the single mutants revealed age- and light-dependent behavioral changes, as well as an impact on the levels of the preprohormone sst1b and the voltage-gated sodium channel subunit scn12aa. The amount of day-time rest is affected independently of eyes, pineal and the circadian clock in tmt-opsin1b mutants. We further focused on day-time behavior and the molecular changes in tmt-opsin1b/2 double mutants, and revealed that - despite their similar expression and spectral features- these Opsins interact in part non-additively. Specifically, double mutants complement molecular and (age-dependently) behavioral phenotypes observed in single mutants.Our work provides a starting point to disentangle the highly complex interactions of vertebrate non-visual Opsins, suggesting that tmt-opsin-expressing cells together with other visual and non-visual Opsins provide detailed light information to the organism for behavioral fine-tuning. This work also provides a stepping stone to unravel how vertebrate species with conserved Opsins, but in different ecological niches respond to similar light cues and how human generated artificial light might impact on behavioral processes in natural environments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fontinha, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zekoll, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallach, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reithofer, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barker, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hofbauer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>von Haeseler, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baier, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tessmar-Raible, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/698480</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TMT-Opsins differentially modulate medaka brain function in a context-dependent fashion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/708974v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolved for success in novel environments: the round goby genome 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/708974v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Since the beginning of global trade, hundreds of species have colonized territories outside of their native range. Some of these species proliferate at the expense of native ecosystems, i.e., have become invasive. Invasive species constitute powerful in situ experimental systems to study fast adaptation and directional selection on short ecological timescales. They also present promising case studies for ecological and evolutionary success in novel environments.nnWe seize this unique opportunity to study genomic substrates for ecological success and adaptability to novel environments in a vertebrate. We report a highly contiguous long-read based genome assembly for the most successful temperate invasive fish, the benthic round goby (Neogobius melanostomus), and analyse gene families that may promote its impressive ecological success.nnOur approach provides novel insights from the large evolutionary scale to the small species-specific scale. We describe expansions in specific cytochrome P450 enzymes, a remarkably diverse innate immune system, an ancient duplication in red light vision accompanied by red skin fluorescence, evolutionary patterns in epigenetic regulators, and the presence of genes that may have contributed to the round gobys capacity to invade cold and salty waters.nnA recurring theme across all analyzed gene families are gene expansions. This suggests that gene duplications may promote ecological flexibility, superior performance in novel environments, and underlie the impressive colonization success of the round goby. Gobiidae generally feature fascinating adaptations and are excellent colonizers. Further long-read genome approaches across the goby family may reveal whether the ability to conquer new habitats relates more generally to gene copy number expansions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Adrian-Kalchhauser, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blomberg, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larsson, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Musliova, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peart, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pippel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hongroe Solbakken, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suurvaeli, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walser, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alm Rosenblad, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burguera, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutnik, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michiels, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toelpel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pankov, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schloissnig, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winkler, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/708974</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolved for success in novel environments: the round goby genome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/714097v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural control for the coordinated assembly into functional pathogenic type-3 secretion systems 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/714097v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Functional injectisomes of the type-3 secretion system assemble into highly defined and stoichiometric bacterial molecular machines essential for infecting human and other eukaryotic cells. However, the mechanism that governs the regulated step-wise assembly process from the nucleation-phase, to ring-assembly, and the filamentous phase into a membrane embedded needle complex is unclear. We here report that the formation of a megadalton-sized needle complexes from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (SPI-1, Salmonella pathogenicity island-1) with proper stoichiometries is highly structurally controlled competing against the self-assembly propensity of injectisome components, leading to a highly unusual structurally-pleiotropic phenotype. The structure of the entire needle complex from pathogenic injectisomes was solved by cryo electron microscopy, focused refinements (2.5-4 [A]) and co-variation analysis revealing an overall asymmetric arrangement containing cyclic, helical, and asymmetric sub-structures. The centrally located export apparatus assembles into a conical, pseudo-helical structure and provides a structural template that guides the formation of a 24-mer cyclic, surrounding ring, which then serves as a docking interface comprising three different conformations for sixteen N-terminal InvG subunits of the outer secretin ring. Unexpectedly, the secretin ring excludes the 16th protein chain at the C-terminal outer ring, resulting in a pleiotropic 16/15-mer ring and consequently to an overall 24:16/15 basal body structure. Finally, we report how the transition from the pseudo-helical export apparatus into the helical filament is structurally resolved to generate the protein secretion channel, which provides the structural basis to restrict access of unfolded effector substrates. These results highlight the diverse molecular signatures required for a highly coordinated assembly process and provide the molecular basis for understanding triggering and transport of unfolded proteins through injectisomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Goessweiner-Mohr, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kotov, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunner, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayr, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wald, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuhlen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miletic, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vesper, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lugmayr, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DiMaio, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lea, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marlovits, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/714097</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural control for the coordinated assembly into functional pathogenic type-3 secretion systems]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/724039v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamics of activating and repressive histone modifications in Drosophila neural stem cell lineages and brain tumors 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/724039v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During central nervous system (CNS) development, spatiotemporal gene expression programs mediate specific lineage decisions to generate neuronal and glial cell types from neural stem cells (NSCs). However, little is known about the epigenetic landscape underlying these highly complex developmental events. Here, we perform ChIP-seq on distinct subtypes of Drosophila FACS-purified neural stem cells (NSCs) and their differentiated progeny to dissect the epigenetic changes accompanying the major lineage decisions in vivo. By analyzing active and repressive histone modifications, we show that stem cell identity genes are silenced during differentiation by loss of their activating marks and not via repressive histone modifications. Our analysis also uncovers a new set of genes specifically required for altering lineage patterns in type II neuroblasts, one of the two main Drosophila NSC identities. Finally, we demonstrate that this subtype specification in NBs, unlike NSC differentiation, requires Polycomb-group (PcG)-mediated repression.nnSummary statementDynamic epigenetic landscape of Drosophila neural stem cell lineages.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Abdusselamoglu, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landskron, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eroglu, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burkard, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kingston, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knoblich, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/724039</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamics of activating and repressive histone modifications in Drosophila neural stem cell lineages and brain tumors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/731802v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Norovirus replication in human intestinal epithelial cells is restricted by the interferon-induced JAK/STAT signalling pathway and RNA Polymerase II mediated transcriptional responses. 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/731802v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human noroviruses (HuNoV) are a leading cause of viral gastroenteritis worldwide and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in all age groups. The recent finding that HuNoV can be propagated in B cells and mucosa derived intestinal epithelial organoids (IEOs), has transformed our capability to dissect the life cycle of noroviruses. Using RNA-Seq of HuNoV infected intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), we have found that replication of HuNoV in IECs results in interferon-induced transcriptional responses and that HuNoV replication in IECs is sensitive to IFN. This contrasts with previous studies that suggest that the innate immune response may play no role in the restriction of HuNoV replication in immortalised cells. We demonstrate that the inhibition of JAK1/JAK2 enhances HuNoV replication in IECs. Surprisingly, targeted inhibition of cellular RNA polymerase II-mediated transcription was not detrimental to HuNoV replication, but enhanced replication to a greater degree compared to blocking of JAK signalling directly. Furthermore, we demonstrate for the first time that IECs generated from genetically modified intestinal organoids, engineered to be deficient in the interferon response, are more permissive to HuNoV infection. Together our work identifies the IFN-induced transcriptional responses restrict HuNoV replication in IECs and demonstrates that the inhibition of these responses by modifications to the culture conditions can greatly enhance the robustness of the norovirus culture system.nnImportanceNoroviruses are a major cause of gastroenteritis worldwide yet the challenges associated with their growth culture has greatly hampered the development of therapeutic approaches and has limited our understanding of cellular pathways that control infection. Here we show that human intestinal epithelial cells, the first point of entry of human noroviruses into the host, limit virus replication by the induction of the innate responses. Furthermore we show that modulating the ability of intestinal epithelial cells to induce transcriptional responses to HuNoV infection can significantly enhance human norovirus replication in culture. Collectively our findings provide new insights into the biological pathways that control norovirus infection but also identify mechanisms to enhance the robustness of norovirus culture.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hosmillo, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaudhry, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nayak, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sorgeloos, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koo, B.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merenda, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lillestol, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drumright, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zilbauer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodfellow, I. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/731802</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Norovirus replication in human intestinal epithelial cells is restricted by the interferon-induced JAK/STAT signalling pathway and RNA Polymerase II mediated transcriptional responses.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/738153v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Crystal structure of the TbBILBO1 N-terminal domain reveals a ubiquitin fold with a long rigid loop for the binding of its partner 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/738153v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BILBO1 was the first characterized component of the flagellar pocket collar (FPC) in trypanosomes. The N-terminal domain (NTD) of BILBO1 plays an essential role in Trypanosoma brucei FPC biogenesis and is thus vital for the parasites survival. Here we report a 1.6-[A] resolution crystal structure of TbBILBO1-NTD, which revealed a conserved horseshoe-like hydrophobic pocket formed by an unusually long loop. Mutagenesis studies suggested that another FPC protein, FPC4, interacts with TbBILBO1 via mainly contacting the three conserved aromatic residues W71, Y87 and F89 at the center of this pocket. Overall, we have determined the binding site of TbFPC4 on TbBILBO1-NTD, which may provide a basis for rational drug design in the future.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dong, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/738153</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Crystal structure of the TbBILBO1 N-terminal domain reveals a ubiquitin fold with a long rigid loop for the binding of its partner]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/740217v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cep97 Is Required For Centriole Structural Integrity And Cilia Formation In Drosophila 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/740217v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Centrioles are highly elaborate microtubule-based structures responsible for the formation of centrosomes and cilia. Despite considerable variation across species and tissues, within any given tissue their size is essentially constant [1, 2]. While the diameter of the centriole cylinder is set by the dimensions of the inner scaffolding structure of the cartwheel [3], how centriole length is set so precisely and stably maintained over many cell divisions is not well understood. Cep97 and CP110 are conserved proteins that localize to the distal end of centrioles and have been reported to limit centriole elongation in vertebrates [4, 5]. Here, we examine Cep97 function in Drosophila melanogaster. We show that Cep97 is essential for formation of full-length centrioles in multiple tissues of the fly. We further identify the microtubule deacetylase Sirt2 as a Cep97 proximity interactor. Deletion of Sirt2 likewise affects centriole size. Interestingly, so does deletion of the acetylase Atat1, indicating that loss of stabilizing acetyl marks impairs centriole integrity. Cep97 and CP110 were originally identified as inhibitors of cilia formation in vertebrate cultured cells [6] and loss of CP110 is a widely used marker of basal body maturation. In contrast, in Drosophila Cep97 is only transiently removed from basal bodies and loss of Cep97 strongly impairs ciliogenesis. Collectively, our results support a model whereby Cep97 functions as part of a protective cap that acts together with the microtubule acetylation machinery to maintain centriole stability, essential for proper function in cilium biogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dobbelaere, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt-Cernohorska, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huranova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slade, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dammermann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/740217</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cep97 Is Required For Centriole Structural Integrity And Cilia Formation In Drosophila]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/742544v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Site-specific ubiquitination of the E3 ligase HOIP regulates cell death and immune signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/742544v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
HOIP, the catalytic component of the Linear Ubiquitin chain Assembly Complex (LUBAC), is a critical regulator of inflammation. However, how HOIP itself is regulated to control inflammatory responses is unclear. Here, we discover that site-specific ubiquitination of K784 within HOIP promotes Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF)-induced inflammatory signalling by controlling TNF Receptor complex I (TNFR1) formation. A HOIP K784R mutant is catalytically active but shows reduced induction of an NF-{kappa}B reporter relative to wild type HOIP. HOIP K784 is evolutionarily conserved, equivalent to HOIP K778 in mice. We generated HoipK778R/K778R knockin mice, which show no overt developmental phenotypes; however, in response to TNF, HoipK778R/K778R mouse embryonic fibroblasts display suppressed NF-{kappa}B activation and increased sensitivity to apoptosis. On the other hand, HOIP K778R enhances the TNF-induced formation of TNFR complex II, and an interaction between TNFR complex II and LUBAC. Loss of the LUBAC component SHARPIN leads to embryonic lethality in HoipK778R/K778R mice, which is rescued by knockout of TNFR1. We propose that site-specific ubiquitination of HOIP regulates a LUBAC-dependent switch between survival and apoptosis in TNF-signalling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fennell, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deszcz, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schleiffer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mechtler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kavirayani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ikeda, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/742544</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Site-specific ubiquitination of the E3 ligase HOIP regulates cell death and immune signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/758276v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Profiling cellular diversity in sponges informs animal cell type and nervous system evolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/758276v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The evolutionary origin of metazoan cell types such as neurons, muscles, digestive, and immune cells, remains unsolved. Using whole-body single-cell RNA sequencing in a sponge, an animal without nervous system and musculature, we identify 18 distinct cell types comprising four major families. This includes nitric-oxide sensitive contractile cells, digestive cells active in macropinocytosis, and a family of amoeboid-neuroid cells involved in innate immunity. We uncover  presynaptic genes in an amoeboid-neuroid cell type, and  postsynaptic genes in digestive choanocytes, suggesting asymmetric and targeted communication. Corroborating this, long neurite-like extensions from neuroid cells directly contact and enwrap choanocyte microvillar collars. Our data indicate a link between neuroid and immune functions in sponges, and suggest that a primordial neuro-immune system cleared intruders and controlled ciliary beating for feeding.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Musser, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schippers, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nickel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mizzon, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kohn, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pape, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hammel, J. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolf, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez-Plaza, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Achim, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schieber, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Francis, W. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vargas R., S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kling, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renkert, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feuda, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaspar, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burkhardt, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bork, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beck, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kreshuk, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wörheide, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huerta-Cepas, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwab, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moroz, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arendt, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/758276</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Profiling cellular diversity in sponges informs animal cell type and nervous system evolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/761346v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The IDA cell separation pathway connects developmental and defense responses 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/761346v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The abscission of floral organs and emergence of lateral roots in Arabidopsis is regulated by the peptide ligand INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION (IDA) and the receptor protein kinases HAESA (HAE) and HAESA-LIKE 2 (HSL2). During these cell separation processes, the plant induces defense-associated genes to protect against pathogen invasion. However, the molecular coordination between abscission and immunity has not been thoroughly explored. Here we show that IDA induces a release of cytosolic calcium ions (Ca2+) and apoplastic production of reactive oxygen species, which are signatures of early defense responses. In addition, we find that IDA promotes late defense responses by the transcriptional upregulation of genes known to be involved in immunity. When comparing the IDA induced early immune responses to known immune responses, such as those elicited by flagellin22 treatment, we observe both similarities and differences. We propose a molecular mechanism by which IDA promotes signatures of an immune response in cells destined for separation to guard them from pathogen attack.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Olsson, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smakowska-Luzan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breiden, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marhavy, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schneeweiss, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belkhadir, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simon, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Butenko, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/761346</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The IDA cell separation pathway connects developmental and defense responses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/762310v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ifnar1 signaling breaks the hepatic urea cycle to regulate adaptive immunity 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/762310v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Infections induce complex host responses linked to antiviral defense, inflammation and tissue damage and repair. These processes are increasingly understood to involve systemic metabolic reprogramming. We hypothesized that the liver as a central metabolic hub may orchestrate many of these changes during infection. Thus, we investigated the systemic interplay between inflammation and metabolism in a mouse model of chronic viral infection and hepatitis. Here we show that virus-induced type I interferon (IFN-I) modulates wide-spread metabolic alterations of the liver in a hepatocyte-intrinsic Ifnar1-dependent way. Specifically, IFN-I repressed the transcription of numerous genes with metabolic function including Otc and Ass1, which encode enzymes of the urea cycle. This led to decreased arginine and increased ornithine concentrations in the circulation, resulting in suppressed virus-specific CD8 T cell responses and ameliorated liver pathology. These findings establish IFN-I-induced modulation of hepatic metabolism and the urea cycle as an endogenous mechanism of immunoregulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lercher, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharya, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Popa, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caldera, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlapansky, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baazim, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Majek, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunner, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kosack, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vitko, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinter, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guertl, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reil, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalinke, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menche, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, P. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schabbauer, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trauner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klavins, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergthaler, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/762310</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ifnar1 signaling breaks the hepatic urea cycle to regulate adaptive immunity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/812347v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Importance of parental genome balance in the generation of novel yet heritable epigenetic and transcriptional states during doubled haploid breeding 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/812347v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundDoubling the genome contribution of haploid plants has accelerated breeding in most cultivated crop species. Although plant doubled haploids are isogenic in nature, they frequently display unpredictable phenotypes, thus limiting the potential of this technology. Therefore, being able to predict the factors implicated in this phenotypic variability could accelerate the generation of desirable genomic combinations and ultimately plant breeding.nnResultsWe use computational analysis to assess the transcriptional and epigenetic dynamics taking place during doubled haploids generation in the genome of Brassica oleracea. We observe that doubled haploid lines display unexpected levels of transcriptional and epigenetic variation, and that this variation is largely due to imbalanced contribution of parental genomes. We reveal that epigenetic modification of transposon-related sequences during DH breeding contributes to the generation of unpredictable yet heritable transcriptional states. Targeted epigenetic manipulation of these elements using dCas9-hsTET3 confirms their role in transcriptional regulation. We have uncovered a hitherto unknown role for parental genome balance in the transcriptional and epigenetic stability of doubled haploids.nnConclusionsThis is the first study that demonstrates the importance of parental genome balance in the transcriptional and epigenetic stability of doubled haploids, thus enabling predictive models to improve doubled haploid-assisted plant breeding.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Price, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antunez-Sanchez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hussain, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wibowo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papareddy, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teakle, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barker, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weigel, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutierrez-Marcos, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/812347</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Importance of parental genome balance in the generation of novel yet heritable epigenetic and transcriptional states during doubled haploid breeding]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/827881v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chromatin organization in early land plants reveals an ancestral association between H3K27me3, transposons, and constitutive heterochromatin 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/827881v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome packaging by nucleosomes is a hallmark of eukaryotes. Histones and the pathways that deposit, remove, and read histone modifications are deeply conserved. Yet, we lack information regarding chromatin landscapes in extant representatives of ancestors of the main groups of eukaryotes and our knowledge of the evolution of chromatin related processes is limited. We used the bryophyte Marchantia polymorpha, which diverged from vascular plants 400 Mya, to obtain a whole chromosome genome assembly and explore the chromatin landscape and three-dimensional organization of the genome of early land plants. Based on genomic profiles of ten chromatin marks, we conclude that the relationship between active marks and gene expression is conserved across land plants. In contrast, we observed distinctive features of transposons and repeats in Marchantia compared with flowering plants. Silenced transposons and repeats did not accumulate around centromeres, and a significant proportion of transposons were marked by H3K27me3, which is otherwise dedicated to the transcriptional repression of protein coding genes in flowering plants. Chromatin compartmentalization analyses of Hi-C data revealed that chromatin regions belonging to repressed heterochromatin were densely decorated with H3K27me3 but not H3K9 or DNA methylation as reported in flowering plants. We conclude that in early plants, H3K27me3 played an essential role in heterochromatin function, suggesting an ancestral role of this mark in transposon silencing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Montgomery, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanizawa, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galik, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ito, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mochizuki, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akimcheva, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cognat, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drouard, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ekker, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Houng, S.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kohchi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, S.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.-Y. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakamura, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valeeva, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shakirov, E. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shippen, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, W.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yagura, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamaoka, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamato, K. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berger, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/827881</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chromatin organization in early land plants reveals an ancestral association between H3K27me3, transposons, and constitutive heterochromatin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/833269v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Host-dependent induction of disease tolerance to infection by tetracycline antibiotics 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/833269v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Synergy of resistance and disease tolerance mechanisms is necessary for an effective immune response leading to survival and return to homeostasis when an organism is challenged by infection. Antibiotics are used for their resistance enhancement capabilities by decreasing pathogen load, but several classes have long been known to have beneficial effects that cannot be explained strictly on the basis of their capacity to control the infectious agent. Here we report that tetracycline antibiotics, a class of ribosome-targeting drugs, robustly protects against sepsis by inducing disease tolerance, independently from their direct antibiotic properties. Mechanistically, we find that mitochondrial inhibition of protein synthesis perturbs the electron transfer chain and leads to improved damage repair in the lung and fatty acid oxidation and glucocorticoid sensitivity in the liver. Using a partial and acute deletion of CRIF1 in the liver, a critical mitoribosomal component for protein synthesis, we find that mice are protected against bacterial sepsis, an observation which is phenocopied by the transient inhibition of complex I of ETC by phenformin. Together, we demonstrate that ribosome-targeting antibiotics are beneficial beyond their antibacterial activity and that mitochondrial protein synthesis inhibition leading to ETC perturbation is a novel mechanism for the induction of disease tolerance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Colaco, H. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barros, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neves-Costa, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seixas, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pedroso, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Velho, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willmann, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, H.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shong, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benes, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Köcher, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moita, L. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/833269</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Host-dependent induction of disease tolerance to infection by tetracycline antibiotics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.31.275644v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A deeply conserved miR-1 dependent regulon supports muscle cell physiology 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.31.275644v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Muscles are not only essential for force generation but are also key regulators of systemic energy homeostasis1. Both these roles rely heavily on mitochondria and lysosome function as providers of energy and building blocks, but also as metabolic sensors2-4. Perturbations in these organelles or their crosstalk lead to a wide range of pathologies5. Here, we uncover a deeply conserved regulon of mitochondria and lysosome homeostasis under control of the muscle-specific microRNA miR-1. Animals lacking miR-1 display a diverse range of muscle cell defects that have been attributed to numerous different targets6. Guided by the striking conservation of miR-1 and some of its predicted targets, we identified a set of direct targets that can explain the pleiotropic function of miR-1. miR-1-mediated repression of multiple subunits of the vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) complex, a key player in the acidification of internal compartments and a hub for metabolic signaling7,8, and of DCT-1/BNIP3, a mitochondrial protein involved in mitophagy and apoptosis9,10, accounts for the function of this miRNA in C. elegans. Surprisingly, although multiple V-ATPase subunits are upregulated in the absence of miR-1, this causes a loss-of-function of V-ATPase due to altered levels or stoichiometry, which negatively impact complex assembly. Finally, we demonstrate the conservation of the functional relationship between miR-1 and the V-ATPase complex in Drosophila.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gutierrez-Perez, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santillan, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lendl, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schrempf, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinacker, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asparuhova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandstetter, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haselbach, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cochella, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.31.275644</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A deeply conserved miR-1 dependent regulon supports muscle cell physiology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2019.12.17.879601v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fast and highly efficient affinity enrichment of Azide-A-DSBSO cross-linked peptides. 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2019.12.17.879601v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cross-linking mass spectrometry is an increasingly used, powerful technique to study protein-protein interactions or to provide structural information. Due to sub-stochiometric reaction efficiencies, cross-linked peptides are usually low abundant. This results in challenging data evaluation and the need for an effective enrichment.

Here we describe an improved, easy to implement, one-step method to enrich azide-tagged, acid-cleavable disuccinimidyl bis-sulfoxide (DSBSO) cross-linked peptides using dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO) coupled Sepharose(R) beads. We probed this method using recombinant Cas9 and E. coli ribosome. For Cas9, the number of detectable cross-links was increased from ~100 before enrichment to 580 cross-links after enrichment. To mimic a cellular lysate, E. coli ribosome was spiked into a tryptic HEK background at a ratio of 1:2 - 1:100. The number of detectable unique cross-links maintained high at ~100. The estimated enrichment efficiency was improved by factor 4 -5 (based on XL numbers) compared to enrichment via biotin and streptavidin. We were still able to detect cross-links from 0.25 g cross-linked E. coli ribosome in a background of 100 g tryptic HEK peptides, indicating a high enrichment sensitivity. In contrast to conventional enrichment techniques, like SEC, the time needed for preparation and MS measurement is significantly reduced.

This robust, fast and selective enrichment method for azide-tagged linkers will contribute to map protein-protein interactions, investigate protein architectures in more depth and help to understand complex biological processes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Matzinger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kandioller, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doppler, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heiss, E. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mechtler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.17.879601</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fast and highly efficient affinity enrichment of Azide-A-DSBSO cross-linked peptides.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.24.311092v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Plasticity of the primary metabolome in 241 cold grown Arabidopsis thaliana accessions and its relation to natural habitat temperature 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.24.311092v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the present study, 241 natural accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana were grown under two different temperature regimes, 16 {degrees}C and 6 {degrees}C, and growth parameters were recorded together with metabolite profiles to investigate the natural variation in metabolic responses and growth rates. Primary metabolism and growth rates of accessions significantly differed between accessions and both growth conditions. Relative growth rates showed high correlations to specific metabolite pools. Metabolic distances based on whole metabolite profiles were built from principal component centroids between both growth setups. Genomic prediction using ridge-regression best linear unbiased prediction (rrBLUP) revealed a significant prediction accuracy of metabolite profiles in both conditions and metabolic distances, which suggests a tight relationship between genome and primary metabolome. GWAS analysis revealed significantly associated SNPs for a number of metabolites, especially for fumarate metabolism at low temperature. A highly significant correlation was observed between metabolic distances and maximum temperature in the original growth habitat between January and March. Inverse data-driven modelling revealed that metabolic pathway regulation and metabolic reaction elasticities distinguish accessions originating from warm and cold growth habitats.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Weiszmann, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clauw, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jagoda, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reichardt-Gomez, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koemeda, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nordborg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walther, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naegele, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weckwerth, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.24.311092</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Plasticity of the primary metabolome in 241 cold grown Arabidopsis thaliana accessions and its relation to natural habitat temperature]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.24.308585v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Host-interactor screens of Phytophthora infestans RXLR proteins reveal vesicle trafficking as a major effector-targeted process 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.24.308585v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pathogens modulate plant cell structure and function by secreting effectors into host tissues. Effectors typically function by associating with host molecules and modulating their activities. This study aimed to identify the host processes targeted by the RXLR class of host-translocated effectors of the potato blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans. To this end, we performed an in planta protein-protein interaction screen by transiently expressing P. infestans RXLR effectors in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves followed by co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). This screen generated an effector-host protein interactome matrix of 59 P. infestans RXLR effectors x 586 N. benthamiana proteins. Classification of the host interactors into putative functional categories revealed over 35 biological processes possibly targeted by P. infestans. We further characterized the PexRD12/31 family of RXLR-WY effectors, which associate and co-localize with components of the vesicle trafficking machinery. One member of this family, PexRD31, increased the number of FYVE positive vesicles in N. benthamiana cells. FYVE positive vesicles also accumulated in leaf cells near P. infestans hyphae, indicating that the pathogen may enhance endosomal trafficking during infection. We anticipate that the interactome dataset we generated will serve as a useful community resource for functional studies of P. infestans effectors and of effector-targeted host processes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Petre, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Contreras, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bozkurt, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schattat, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sklenar, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schornack, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abd-El-Haliem, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castells-Graells, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lozano-Duran, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dagdas, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menke, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, A. M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vossen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robatzek, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamoun, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Win, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.24.308585</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Host-interactor screens of Phytophthora infestans RXLR proteins reveal vesicle trafficking as a major effector-targeted process]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.03.324764v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A transposon surveillance mechanism that safeguards plant male fertility during stress 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.03.324764v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although plants are able to withstand a range of environmental conditions, spikes in ambient temperature can impact plant fertility causing reductions in seed yield and significant economic losses1,2. Therefore, understanding the precise molecular mechanisms that underpin plant fertility under environmental constraints is critical to safeguard future food production3. Here, we identified two Argonaute-like proteins whose activities are required to sustain male fertility in maize plants under high temperatures. We found that MALE-ASSOCIATED ARGONAUTE 1 and 2 (MAGO1 and MAGO2) associate with temperature-induced phased secondary small RNAs in pre-meiotic anthers and are essential to control the activity of retrotransposons in male meiocyte initials. Biochemical and structural analyses revealed how MAGO2 activity and its interaction with retrotransposon RNA targets are modulated through the dynamic phosphorylation of a set of highly conserved surface-located serine residues. Our results demonstrate that an Argonaute-dependent RNA-guided surveillance mechanism is critical in plants to sustain male fertility under environmentally constrained conditions by controlling the mutagenic activity of transposons in male germ cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gutierrez-Marcos, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maple, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durr, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dawson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tamim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyers, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>del Genio, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papareddy, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamb, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sylvester, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Birchler, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nodine, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rouster, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.03.324764</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A transposon surveillance mechanism that safeguards plant male fertility during stress]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.10.272005v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sequencing and analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana NOR2 reveal its distinct organization and tissue-specific expression of rRNA ribosomal variants 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.10.272005v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite vast differences between organisms, some characteristics of their genomes are conserved, such as the nucleolus organizing region (NOR). The NOR is constituted of multiple, highly repetitive rDNA genes, encoding the catalytic ribosomal core RNAs which are transcribed from 45S rDNA units. Their precise sequence information and organization remained uncharacterized.

We used a combination of long- and short-read sequencing technologies to assemble contigs of the Arabidopsis NOR2 rDNA domain providing a first map. We identified several expressed rRNA gene variants which are integrated into translating ribosomes in a tissue-specific manner. These findings support the concept of tissue specific ribosome subpopulations that differ in their rRNA composition and provide the higher order organization of NOR2.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sims, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sestini, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elgert, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>von Haeseler, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schloegelhofer, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.10.272005</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sequencing and analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana NOR2 reveal its distinct organization and tissue-specific expression of rRNA ribosomal variants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.15.296228v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Anti-histamine Azelastine, Identified by Computational Drug Repurposing, Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Reconstituted Human Nasal Tissue In Vitro 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.15.296228v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic is an enormous threat for healthcare systems and economies worldwide that urgently demands effective preventive and therapeutic strategies. Unlike the development of vaccines and new drugs specifically targeting SARS-CoV-2, repurposing of approved or clinically tested drugs can provide an immediate solution.

MethodsWe applied a novel computational approach to search among approved and clinically tested drugs from the DrugBank database. Candidates were selected based on Shannon entropy homology and predefined activity profiles of three small molecules with proven anti-SARS-CoV activity and a published data set. Antiviral activity of a predicted drug, azelastine, was tested in vitro in SARS-CoV-2 infection assays with Vero E6 monkey kidney epithelial cells and reconstituted human nasal tissue. The effect on viral replication was assessed by quantification of viral genomes by droplet digital PCR.

FindingsThe computational approach with four independent queries identified major drug families, most often and in overlapping fashion anti-infective, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, anti-histamine and neuroactive drugs. Azelastine, an histamine 1 receptor-blocker, was predicted in multiple screens, and based on its attractive safety profile and availability in nasal formulation, was selected for experimental testing. Azelastine significantly reduced cytopathic effect and SARS-CoV-2 infection of Vero E6 cells with an EC50 of [~]6 M both in a preventive and treatment setting. Furthermore, azelastine in a commercially available nasal spray tested at 5-fold dilution was highly potent in inhibiting viral propagation in SARS-CoV-2 infected reconstituted human nasal tissue.

InterpretationsAzelastine, an anti-histamine, available in nasal sprays developed against allergic rhinitis may be considered as a topical prevention or treatment of nasal colonization with SARS-CoV-2. As such, it could be useful in reducing viral spread and prophylaxis of COVID-19. Ultimately, its potential benefit should be proven in clinical studies.

Fundingprovided by the Hungarian government to the National Laboratory of Virology and by CEBINA GmbH.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Konrat, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papp, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szijarto, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gesell, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagy, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madai, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeghbib, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuczmog, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lanszki, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helyes, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kemenesi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jakab, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagy, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.15.296228</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Anti-histamine Azelastine, Identified by Computational Drug Repurposing, Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Reconstituted Human Nasal Tissue In Vitro]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.18.303552v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NBR1 directly promotes the formation of p62 - ubiquitin condensates via its PB1 and UBA domains 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.18.303552v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Selective autophagy removes harmful intracellular structures such as ubiquitinated, aggregated proteins ensuring cellular homeostasis. This is achieved by the encapsulation of this cargo material within autophagosomes. The cargo receptor p62/SQSTM1 mediates the phase separation of ubiquitinated proteins into condensates, which subsequently become targets for the autophagy machinery. NBR1, another cargo receptor, is a crucial regulator of condensate formation. The mechanisms of the interplay between p62 and NBR1 are not well understood. Employing a fully reconstituted system we show that two domains of NBR1, the PB1 domain which binds to p62 and the UBA domain which binds to ubiquitin, are required to promote p62-ubiquitin condensate formation. In cells, acute depletion of endogenous NBR1 reduces formation of p62 condensates, a phenotype that can be rescued by re-expression of wild-type NBR1, but not PB1 or UBA domain mutants. Our results provide mechanistic insights into the role of NBR1 in selective autophagy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Savova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romanov, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martens, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.18.303552</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NBR1 directly promotes the formation of p62 - ubiquitin condensates via its PB1 and UBA domains]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.25.313742v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The extracellular matrix protein agrin is essential for epicardial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition during heart development 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.25.313742v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During embryonic heart development, epicardial cells residing within the outer layer of the heart undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and migrate into the myocardium to support and stimulate organ growth and morphogenesis. Disruption of epicardial EMT results in aberrant heart formation and embryonic lethality. Despite being an essential process during development, the regulation of epicardial EMT is poorly understood. Here we report EMT on the epicardial surface of the embryonic heart at subcellular resolution using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We identified high- and low-EMT regions within the mesothelial layer of the epicardium and an association with key components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM basement membrane-associated proteoglycan agrin was found to localize in the epicardium in regions actively undergoing EMT. Deletion of agrin resulted in impaired EMT and compromised development of the epicardium, accompanied by down-regulation of the epicardial EMT regulator WT1. Agrin enhanced EMT in human embryonic stem cell-derived epicardial-like cells by decreasing {beta}-catenin and promoting pFAK localization at focal adhesions. In addition, agrin promoted the aggregation of its receptor dystroglycan to the Golgi apparatus in murine epicardial cells and loss of agrin resulted in dispersal of dystroglycan throughout the epicardial cells in embryos, disrupting basement membrane integrity and impairing EMT. Our results provide new insights into the role of the ECM in heart development, and implicate agrin as a critical regulator of EMT, functioning to ensure dystroglycan connects signals between the ECM and activated epicardial cells.

Summary statementThe basement membrane-associated proteoglycan agrin regulates epicardial epithelia-to-mesenchyme transition (EMT) through dystroglycan localizing on the Golgi apparatus. This ensures ECM and cytoskeletal connectivity and mechanical integrity of the transitioning epicardium and has important implications for the role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in heart development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malandraki-Miller, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kennedy, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bassat, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klaourakis, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gamen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vieira, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tzahor, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riley, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.25.313742</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The extracellular matrix protein agrin is essential for epicardial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition during heart development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.25.313205v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Loss of RNF43/ZNRF3 predisposes to Hepatocellular carcinoma by impairing liver regeneration and altering liver fat metabolism 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.25.313205v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The homologous E3 ubiquitin ligases RNF43/ZNRF3 negatively regulate WNT signalling activation. Recently, both genes have been found mutated in several types of cancers. Specifically, loss-of-function mutations result in adenoma formation in mouse small intestine. However, their role in liver cancer has not been explored yet. Here we describe that hepatocyte-specific deletion of both Rnf43/Znrf3 results in altered lipid metabolism and a non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) phenotype in mouse, in the absence of exogenous fat supplementation. The effect is cell-autonomous, as evidenced by the intracellular lipid accumulation detected in mutant liver organoids. Upon chronic liver damage, Rnf43/Znrf3 deletion results in impaired hepatocyte regeneration, subsequent to an imbalance between hepatocyte differentiation and proliferation, which leads to hepatocellular carcinoma. Remarkably, hepatocellular carcinoma patients with mutations in ZNRF3 also present altered lipid metabolism and poorer survival. Our findings imply that Wnt activation through the RNF43/ZNRF3 module predisposes to liver cancer by altering the liver lipid metabolic ground-state and impairing liver regeneration, which combined, facilitate the progression towards malignancy. Our results highlight the requirement for personalized therapeutic or dietary interventions for those RNF43/ZNRF3 mutated individuals at risk of developing steatosis, NASH and/or liver cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mastrogiovanni, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pacini, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kakava, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnes-Benito, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bradshaw, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davies, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saeb-Parsy, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koo, B.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huch, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.25.313205</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Loss of RNF43/ZNRF3 predisposes to Hepatocellular carcinoma by impairing liver regeneration and altering liver fat metabolism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.25.313296v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
LAP2alpha maintains a mobile and low assembly state of A-type lamins in the nuclear interior 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.25.313296v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lamins form stable filaments at the nuclear periphery in metazoans. Unlike B-type lamins, lamins A and C localize also in the nuclear interior, where they interact with lamin-associated polypeptide 2 alpha (LAP2). We show that lamin A in the nuclear interior is formed from newly expressed pre-lamin A during processing and from soluble mitotic mature lamins in a LAP2-independent manner. Binding of LAP2 to lamins A/C in the nuclear interior during interphase inhibits formation of higher order structures of lamin A/C in vitro and in vivo, keeping lamin A/C in a mobile low assembly state independent of lamin A/C S22 phosphorylation. Loss of LAP2 causes formation of larger, less mobile and biochemically stable lamin A/C structures in the nuclear interior, which reduce the mobility of chromatin. We propose that LAP2 is essential to maintain a mobile lamin A/C pool in the nuclear interior, which is required for proper nuclear functions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Naetar, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Georgiou, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knapp, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bronshtein, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zier, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fichtinger, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dechat, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garini, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foisner, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.25.313296</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[LAP2alpha maintains a mobile and low assembly state of A-type lamins in the nuclear interior]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.25.310029v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural insights into F-actin regulation and sarcomere assembly via myotilin 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.25.310029v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sarcomeres, the basic contractile units of striated muscle cells, contain arrays of thin (actin) and thick (myosin) filaments that slide past each other during contraction. The Ig-like domain containing protein myotilin provides structural integrity to Z-discs - the boundaries between adjacent sarcomeres. Myotilin binds to Z-disc components, including F-actin and -actinin-2, but the molecular mechanism of binding and implications of these interactions on Z-disc integrity are still elusive. We used a combination of small angle X-ray scattering, cross-linking mass spectrometry, biochemical and molecular biophysics approaches. We discovered that myotilin displays conformational ensembles in solution. We generated a structural model of the F-actin:myotilin complex that revealed how myotilin interacts with and stabilizes F-actin via its Ig-like domains and flanking regions. Mutant myotilin designed with impaired F-actin binding showed increased dynamics in cells. Structural analyses and competition assays uncovered that myotilin displaces tropomyosin from F-actin. Our findings suggest a novel role of myotilin as a co-organizer of Z-disc assembly and advance our mechanistic understanding of myotilins structural role in Z-discs.

Significance StatementSarcomeres are the primary structural and functional unit of striated muscles, conferring movement in all animals. The Z-disk is the boundary between adjacent sarcomeres, where actin filaments (F-actin) are anchored. Z-disc protein myotilin, is a scaffold protein, which provides structural integrity to the Z-disc by multiple interactions to its central components, including F-actin and -actinin-2. Here we provide the structure of myotilin, revealing its structural plasticity in solution and the first integrative structural model of its complex with F-actin. We further show that myotilin displaces tropomyosin from F-actin, implying a novel role of myotilin in sarcomere biogenesis beyond being an interaction hub for Z-disk partners.

Highlights Myotilin is structurally described as a dynamic ensemble
Flanking regions enhance F-acting binding to tandem Ig domains
Integrative structural model of myotilin bound to F-actin
Myotilin displaces tropomyosin from F-actin, suggesting an organisational role in Z-disc
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kostan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pavsic, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puz, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwarz, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drepper, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molt, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graewert, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schreiner, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sajko, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Ven, P. F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Svergun, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warscheid, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Konrat, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuerst, D. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lenarcic, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Djinovic-Carugo, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.25.310029</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural insights into F-actin regulation and sarcomere assembly via myotilin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.15.340356v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MCM complexes are barriers that restrict cohesin-mediated loop extrusion 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.15.340356v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Eukaryotic genomes are compacted into loops and topologically associating domains (TADs), which contribute to transcription, recombination and genomic stability. Cohesin extrudes DNA into loops that are thought to lengthen until CTCF boundaries are encountered. Little is known about whether loop extrusion is impeded by DNA-bound macromolecular machines. We demonstrate that the replicative helicase MCM is a barrier that restricts loop extrusion in G1 phase. Single-nucleus Hi-C of one-cell embryos revealed that MCM loading reduces CTCF-anchored loops and decreases TAD boundary insulation, suggesting loop extrusion is impeded before reaching CTCF. Single-molecule imaging shows that MCMs are physical barriers that frequently constrain cohesin translocation in vitro. Simulations are consistent with MCMs as abundant, random barriers. We conclude that distinct loop extrusion barriers contribute to shaping 3D genomes.

One Sentence SummaryMCM complexes are obstacles that impede the formation of CTCF-anchored loops.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dequeker, B. J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandao, H. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scherr, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gassler, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Powell, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaspar, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flyamer, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stocsits, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, I. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duderstadt, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirny, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tachibana, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.15.340356</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MCM complexes are barriers that restrict cohesin-mediated loop extrusion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.21.348912v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GWAS analysis combined with QTL mapping identify CPT3 and ABH as genes underlying dolichol accumulation in Arabidopsis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.21.348912v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dolichols (Dols), ubiquitous components of living organisms, are indispensable for cell survival. In plants, as well as other eukaryotes, Dols are crucial for posttranslational protein glycosylation, aberration of which leads to fatal metabolic disorders in humans. Until now, the regulatory mechanisms underlying Dol accumulation remain elusive. In this report, we have analyzed the natural variation of the accumulation of Dols and six other isoprenoids between 120 Arabidopsis thaliana accessions. Subsequently, by combining QTL and GWAS approaches, we have identified several candidate genes involved in the accumulation of Dols, polyprenols, plastoquinone, and phytosterols. The role of two genes implicated in the accumulation of major Dols in Arabidopsis - the AT2G17570 gene encoding a long searched for cis-prenyltransferase (CPT3) and the AT1G52460 gene encoding an alpha-beta hydrolase (ABH) - is experimentally confirmed. These data will help to generate Dol-enriched plants which might serve as a remedy for Dol-deficiency in humans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gawarecka, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siwinska, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poznanski, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Onysk, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Surowiecki, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Surmacz, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahn, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korte, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swiezewska, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ihnatowicz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.21.348912</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GWAS analysis combined with QTL mapping identify CPT3 and ABH as genes underlying dolichol accumulation in Arabidopsis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.21.348839v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Polyploidy-associated paramutation in Arabidopsis is determined by small RNAs, temperature, and structure 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.21.348839v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Paramutation is a form of non-Mendelian inheritance in which the expression of a paramutable allele changes when it encounters a paramutagenic allele. This change in expression of the paramutable alleles is stably inherited even after segregation of both alleles. While the discovery of paramutation and studies of its underlying mechanism were made with alleles that change plant pigmentation, paramutation-like phenomena are known to modulate the expression of other traits and in other eukaryotes, and many cases have probably gone undetected. It is likely that epigenetic mechanisms are responsible for the phenomenon, as paramutation forms epialleles, genes with identical sequences but different expression states. This could account for the intergenerational inheritance of the paramutated allele, providing profound evidence that triggered epigenetic changes can be maintained over generations. Here, we use a case of paramutation that affects a transgenic selection reporter gene in tetraploid Arabidopsis thaliana. Our data suggest that different types of small RNA are derived from paramutable and paramutagenic epialleles. In addition, deletion of a repeat within the epiallele changes its paramutability. Further, the temperature during the growth of the epiallelic hybrids determines the degree and timing of the allelic interaction. The data further make it plausible why paramutation in this system becomes evident only in the segregating F2 population of tetraploid plants containing both epialleles. In summary, the results support a model for polyploidy-associated paramutation, with similarities as well as distinctions from other cases of paramutation.

AUTHOR SUMMARYIn 1866, Gregor Mendel formulated the general principles of inheritance based on crossing experiments with pea plants. Curiously, in 1915, the progeny from crossing pea plants with a regular and a "rogue" leaf phenotype was lacking the expected segregation and recovery of the regular phenotype. This discovery was one of the first observations of non-Mendelian genetics and later demonstrated for more traits in other plants and termed paramutation. Paramutation is due to the epigenetic switch of an active gene to a silenced version which is then maintained in the inactive state in later generations. This demonstrates that acquired epigenetic changes can become permanent. Despite its early observation and numerous studies, mainly in maize and tomato, it is barely understood how paramutation is established and which parameters influence the process. We investigated a case of paramutation in Arabidopsis thaliana, crossing plants with genetically identical but epigenetically different alleles that result in resistance or sensitivity to an antibiotic in the growth medium. Paramutation did not become manifest immediately but only in the progeny of the hybrids, and only in plants with a doubled chromosome set. These features make this paramutation distinct from other cases. Our studies revealed several parameters that influence paramutation: an important role for sRNAs to initiate silencing, the sequence of the allele itself, the environmental conditions during growth of the hybrids, the developmental stage, and the copy number ratio between the alleles.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bente, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foerster, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarazin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lettner, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mittelsten Scheid, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.21.348839</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Polyploidy-associated paramutation in Arabidopsis is determined by small RNAs, temperature, and structure]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.29.361501v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparative transcriptomic analysis reveals conserved transcriptional programs underpinning organogenesis and reproduction in land plants 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.29.361501v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The evolution of plant organs, including leaves, stems, roots, and flowers, mediated the explosive radiation of land plants, which shaped the biosphere and allowed the establishment of terrestrial animal life. Furthermore, the fertilization products of angiosperms, seeds serve as the basis for most of our food. The evolution of organs and immobile gametes required the coordinated acquisition of novel gene functions, the co-option of existing genes, and the development of novel regulatory programs. However, our knowledge of these events is limited, as no large-scale analyses of genomic and transcriptomic data have been performed for land plants. To remedy this, we have generated gene expression atlases for various organs and gametes of 10 plant species comprising bryophytes, vascular plants, gymnosperms, and flowering plants. Comparative analysis of the atlases identified hundreds of organ- and gamete-specific gene families and revealed that most of the specific transcriptomes are significantly conserved. Interestingly, the appearance of organ-specific gene families does not coincide with the corresponding organs appearance, suggesting that co-option of existing genes is the main mechanism for evolving new organs. In contrast to female gametes, male gametes showed a high number and conservation of specific genes, suggesting that male reproduction is highly specialized. The expression atlas capturing pollen development revealed numerous transcription factors and kinases essential for pollen biogenesis and function. To provide easy access to the expression atlases and these comparative analyses, we provide an online database, www.evorepro.plant.tools, that allows the exploration of expression profiles, organ-specific genes, phylogenetic trees, co-expression networks, and others.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Julca, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flores, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Proost, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindner, A.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hackenberg, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinbachova, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michaelidis, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomes Pereira, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Misra, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kawashima, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berger, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Honys, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Twell, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sprunck, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dresselhaus, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mutwil, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.29.361501</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparative transcriptomic analysis reveals conserved transcriptional programs underpinning organogenesis and reproduction in land plants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.09.373282v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Full species-wide leaf and seed ionomic diversity of Arabidopsis thaliana 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.09.373282v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
O_LISoil is a heterogenous reservoir of essential elements needed for plant growth and development. Plants have evolved mechanisms to balance their nutritional needs based on availability of nutrients. This has led to genetically-based variation in the elemental composition  ionome, of plants, both within and between species.
C_LIO_LIWe explore this natural variation using a panel of wild-collected, geographically widespread Arabidopsis thaliana accessions from the 1001 Genomes Project including over 1,135 accessions, and the 19 parental accessions of the Multi-parent Advanced Generation Inter-Cross (MAGIC) panel, all with full-genome sequences available.
C_LIO_LIWe present an experimental design pipeline for high-throughput ionomic screenings and analyses with improved normalisation procedures to account for errors and variability in conditions often encountered in large-scale, high-throughput data collection. We report quantification of the complete leaf and seed ionome of the entire collection using this pipeline and a digital tool-IonExplorer to interact with the dataset.
C_LIO_LIWe describe the pattern of natural ionomic variation across the A. thaliana species and identify several accessions with extreme ionomic profiles. It forms a valuable resource for exploratory QTL, GWA studies to identify genes underlying natural variation in leaf and seed ionome and genetic adaptation of plants to soil conditions.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Campos, A. C. A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Dijk, W. F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramakrishna, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giles, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korte, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Douglas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salt, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.09.373282</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Full species-wide leaf and seed ionomic diversity of Arabidopsis thaliana]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.30.404814v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
u-track 3D: measuring and interrogating intracellular dynamics in three dimensions. 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.30.404814v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Particle tracking is a ubiquitous task in the study of dynamic molecular and cellular processes through microscopy. Light-sheet microscopy has opened a path to acquiring complete cell volumes for investigation in 3-dimensions (3D). However, hypothesis formulation and quantitative analysis have remained difficult due to fundamental challenges in the visualization and the verification of large and dense sets of 3D particle trajectories. Here we describe u-track 3D, a software package that addresses these two challenges. Building on the established framework of particle association in space and time implemented for 2D time-lapse sequences, we first report a complete and versatile pipeline for particle tracking in 3D. We then present the concept of dynamic region of interest (dynROI), which allows an experimenter to interact with dynamic 3D processes in 2D views amenable to visual inspection. Third, we present an estimator of trackability which defines a score for every trajectory, thereby overcoming the challenges of trajectory validation by visual inspection. With these combined strategies, u-track 3D provides a framework for the unbiased study of molecular processes in complex volumetric sequences.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roudot, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Legant, W. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dean, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welf, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerlich, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiolka, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Betzig, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danuser, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.30.404814</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[u-track 3D: measuring and interrogating intracellular dynamics in three dimensions.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.20.391284v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tension-dependent stabilization of E-cadherin limits cell-cell contact expansion 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.20.391284v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tension of the actomyosin cell cortex plays a key role in determining cell-cell contact growth and size. The level of cortical tension outside of the cell-cell contact, when pulling at the contact edge, scales with the total size to which a cell-cell contact can grow1,2. Here we show in zebrafish primary germ layer progenitor cells that this monotonic relationship only applies to a narrow range of cortical tension increase, and that above a critical threshold, contact size inversely scales with cortical tension. This switch from cortical tension increasing to decreasing progenitor cell-cell contact size is caused by cortical tension promoting E-cadherin anchoring to the actomyosin cytoskeleton, thereby increasing clustering and stability of E-cadherin at the contact. Once tension-mediated E-cadherin stabilization at the contact exceeds a critical threshold level, the rate by which the contact expands in response to pulling forces from the cortex sharply drops, leading to smaller contacts at physiologically relevant timescales of contact formation. Thus, the activity of cortical tension in expanding cell-cell contact size is limited by tension stabilizing E-cadherin-actin complexes at the contact.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Slovakova, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sikora, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caballero-Mancebo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krens, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heisenberg, C.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufmann, W. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huljev, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.20.391284</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tension-dependent stabilization of E-cadherin limits cell-cell contact expansion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.16.384271v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Biomolecular Condensation Drives Leukemia Caused by NUP98-Fusion Proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.16.384271v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
NUP98-fusion proteins cause acute myeloid leukemia via unknown molecular mechanisms. All NUP98-fusion proteins share an intrinsically disordered region (IDR) featuring >35 repeats of Phenylalanine-Glycine (FG) in the NUP98 N-terminus. Conversely, different C-terminal NUP98-fusion partners are often transcriptional and epigenetic regulators. Given these structural features we hypothesized that mechanisms of oncogenic transformation by NUP98-fusion proteins are hard-wired in their protein interactomes. Affinity purification coupled to mass spectrometry of five distinct NUP98-fusion proteins revealed a conserved set of interactors that was highly enriched for proteins involved in biomolecular condensation. We developed biotinylated isoxazole-mediated condensome mass spectrometry (biCon-MS) to show that NUP98-fusion proteins alter the global composition of biomolecular condensates. In addition, an artificial FG-repeat containing fusion protein was able to phenocopy the induction of leukemic gene expression as mediated by NUP98-KDM5A. Thus, we propose that IDR-containing fusion proteins have evolved to uniquely combine biomolecular condensation with gene control to induce cancer.

AML, NUP98, fusion protein, AP-MS, LLPS, biCon-MS, condensate
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Terlecki-Zaniewicz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eder, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmoellerl, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Humer, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuchynka, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parapatics, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heyes, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liberante, F. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Müller, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grebien, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.16.384271</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Biomolecular Condensation Drives Leukemia Caused by NUP98-Fusion Proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.12.03.409623v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rapid nucleus-scale reorganization of chromatin in neurons enables transcriptional adaptation for memory consolidation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.12.03.409623v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The interphase nucleus is functionally organized in active and repressed territories defining the transcriptional status of the cell. However, it remains poorly understood how the nuclear architecture of neurons adapts in response to behaviorally relevant stimuli that trigger fast alterations in gene expression patterns. Imaging of fluorescently tagged nucleosomes revealed that pharmacological manipulation of neuronal activity in vitro and auditory cued fear conditioning in vivo induce nucleus-scale restructuring of chromatin within minutes. Furthermore, the acquisition of auditory fear memory is impaired after infusion of a drug into auditory cortex which blocks chromatin reorganization in vitro. We propose that active chromatin movements at the nucleus scale act together with local gene-specific modifications to enable transcriptional adaptations at fast time scales. Introducing a transgenic mouse line for photolabeling of histones, we extend the realm of systems available for imaging of chromatin dynamics to living animals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Peter, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aschauer, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paz Pandolfo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sinning, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grössl, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kargl, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kraitsy, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burkard, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luhmann, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haubensak, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rumpel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.03.409623</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rapid nucleus-scale reorganization of chromatin in neurons enables transcriptional adaptation for memory consolidation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.12.03.409912v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A BTB-DOMAIN TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR RECRUITS CHROMATIN REMODELERS AND A HISTONE CHAPERONE DURING THE EXIT FROM PLURIPOTENCY 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.12.03.409912v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcription factors (TFs) harboring a btb (Broad-Complex, Tramtrack and Bric a brac) domain play important roles in development and disease. They are thought to recruit transcriptional modulators to DNA through their btb domain. However, a systematic molecular understanding of this TF family is lacking. Here, we identify the zinc finger btb-TF Zbtb2 in a genetic screen for regulators of exit from pluripotency and dissect its mechanistic mode of action. We show that ZBTB2 binds the chromatin remodeler Ep400 to mediate downstream transcription. Independently, the btb domain directly interacts with the chromatin remodeller NuRD and the histone chaperone HiRA via the GATAD2A/B and UBN2 subunits, respectively. NuRD recruitment is a common feature of btb-TFs and we propose by phylogenetic analysis that this is an evolutionary ancient property. Binding to UBN2, in contrast, is specific to ZBTB2 and requires a C-terminal extension of the btb domain. This study therefore identifies a btb-domain TF that recruits chromatin modifiers and a histone chaperone during a developmental cell state transition, and defines unique and shared molecular functions of the btb-domain TF family.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Olivieri, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paramanathan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bardet, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hess, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smallwood, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elling, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Betschinger, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.03.409912</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A BTB-DOMAIN TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR RECRUITS CHROMATIN REMODELERS AND A HISTONE CHAPERONE DURING THE EXIT FROM PLURIPOTENCY]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.01.02.425067v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptomic profiling uncovers novel players in innate immunity in Arabidopsis thaliana 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.01.02.425067v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In this research a high-throughput RNA sequencing based transcriptome analysis technique (RNA-Seq) was used to evaluate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the wild type Arabidopsis seedling in response to flg22, a well-known microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP), and AtPep1, a well-known peptide representing an endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMP). The results of our study revealed that 1895 (1634 up-regulated and 261 down-regulated) and 2271 (1706 up-regulated and 565 down-regulated) significant differentially expressed genes in response to flg22 and AtPep1 treatment, respectively. Among significant DEGs, we observed that a number of hitherto overlooked genes have been found to be induced upon treatment with either flg22 or with AtPep1, indicating their possible involvement in innate immunity. Here, we characterized two of them, namely PP2-B13 and ACLP1. pp2-b13 and aclp1 mutants showed an increased susceptibility to infection by the virulent pathogen Pseudomomas syringae pv tomato mutant hrcC-, as evidenced by an increased growth of the pathogen in planta. Further we present evidence that the aclp1 mutant was deficient in ethylene production upon flg22 treatment, while the pp2-b13 mutant, was deficient in ROS production. The results from this research provide new information to a better understanding of the immune system in Arabidopsis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Safaeizadeh, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boller, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.02.425067</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptomic profiling uncovers novel players in innate immunity in Arabidopsis thaliana]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.12.29.424694v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Wnt/beta-catenin signalling is dispensable for adult neural stem cell homeostasis and activation. 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.12.29.424694v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Adult mouse hippocampal neural stem cells (NSCs) generate new neurons that integrate into existing hippocampal networks and modulate mood and memory. These NSCs are largely quiescent and are stimulated by niche signals to activate and produce neurons. Wnt/{beta}-catenin signalling acts at different steps along the hippocampal neurogenic lineage and has been shown to promote the proliferation of intermediate progenitor cells. However, whether it has a direct role in the regulation of NSCs still remains unclear. Here we used Wnt/{beta}-catenin reporters and transcriptomic data from in vivo and in vitro models to show that both active and quiescent adult NSCs respond to Wnt/{beta}-catenin signalling. Wnt/{beta}-catenin stimulation instructed neuronal differentiation of active NSCs and promoted the activation or differentiation of quiescent NSCs in a dose-dependent manner. However, we found that inhibiting NSCs response to Wnt, by conditionally deleting {beta}-catenin, did not affect their activation or maintenance of their stem cell characteristics. Together, our results indicate that whilst NSCs do respond to Wnt/{beta}-catenin stimulation in a dose-dependent and state-specific manner, Wnt/{beta}-catenin signalling is not cell-autonomously required to maintain NSC homeostasis, which could reconcile some of the contradictions in the literature as to the role of Wnt/{beta}-catenin signalling in adult hippocampal NSCs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Austin, S. H. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paun, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rigo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guillemot, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Urban Avellaneda, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.29.424694</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Wnt/beta-catenin signalling is dispensable for adult neural stem cell homeostasis and activation.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.01.12.425818v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Plant-derived benzoxazinoids act as antibiotics and shape bacterial communities 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.01.12.425818v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plants synthesize and release specialized metabolites into their environment that can serve as chemical cues for other organisms. Metabolites that are released from the roots are important factors in determining which microorganisms will colonize the root and become part of the plant rhizosphere. Root exudates can be converted by soil microorganisms, which can result in the formation of toxic compounds. How individual members of the plant rhizosphere respond to individual compounds and how the differential response of individual microorganisms contributes to the response of a microbial community remains an open question. Here, we investigated the impact of derivatives of benzoxazinoids, a class of plant root exudates released by important crops such as wheat and maize, on a collection of 180 root-associated bacteria. Phenoxazine, derived in soil from benzoxazinoids, inhibited the growth of root-associated bacteria in vitro in an isolate-specific manner, with sensitive and resistant isolates present in most of the studied clades. Using synthetic communities, we show that community stability is a consequence of the resilience of its individual members, with communities assembled from tolerant isolates being overall more tolerant to benzoxazinoids. However, the performance of an isolate in a community context was not correlated with its individual performance but appeared to be shaped by interactions between isolates. These interactions were independent of the overall community composition and were strain-specific, with interactions between different representatives of the same bacterial genera accounting for differential community composition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schandry, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jandrasits, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garrido-Oter, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.12.425818</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Plant-derived benzoxazinoids act as antibiotics and shape bacterial communities]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.01.08.425619v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The molecular principles of Piwi-mediated co-transcriptional silencing through the dimeric SFiNX complex 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.01.08.425619v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nuclear Argonaute proteins, guided to nascent target RNAs by their bound small RNAs, elicit co-transcriptional silencing through heterochromatin formation at transposon insertions and repetitive genomic loci. The molecular mechanisms involved in this process are incompletely understood. Here, we propose that the SFiNX complex, a silencing mediator downstream of nuclear Piwi-piRNA complexes in Drosophila, enables co-transcriptional silencing via the formation of molecular condensates. Condensate formation is stimulated by nucleic acid binding and requires SFiNX dimerization, mediated by the dynein light chain protein, LC8/Cutup. LC8s function within SFiNX can be bypassed with a heterologous dimerization domain, suggesting that dimerization is a constitutive feature of SFiNX. Mutations preventing LC8-mediated SFiNX dimerization result in loss of condensate formation in vitro and inability of Piwi to initiate heterochromatin formation and silence transposons in vivo. Formation of molecular condensates might be a general mechanism that underlies effective heterochromatin establishment at small RNA target loci in a co-transcriptional manner.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schnabl, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hohmann, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gehre, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batki, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreev, V. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Purkhauser, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fasching, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duchek, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novatchkova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mechtler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plaschka, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brennecke, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.08.425619</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The molecular principles of Piwi-mediated co-transcriptional silencing through the dimeric SFiNX complex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.01.08.425886v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lamina-associated polypeptide 2α is required for intranuclear MRTF-A activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.01.08.425886v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A), a coactivator of serum response factor (SRF), regulates the expression of many cytoskeletal genes in response to cytoplasmic and nuclear actin dynamics. Here we describe a novel mechanism to regulate MRTF-A activity within the nucleus by showing that lamina-associated polypeptide 2 (Lap2), the nucleoplasmic isoform of Lap2, is a direct binding partner of MRTF-A, and required for the efficient expression of MRTF-A/SRF target genes. Mechanistically, Lap2 is not required for MRTF-A nuclear localization, unlike most other MRTF-A regulators, but is required for binding of MRTF-A to its target genes. This regulatory step takes place prior to MRTF-A chromatin binding, because Lap2 neither interacts with, nor specifically influences active histone marks on MRTF-A/SRF target genes. Phenotypically, Lap2 is required for serum-induced cell migration, and deregulated MRTF-A activity may also contribute to muscle and proliferation phenotypes associated with loss of Lap2. Our studies therefore add another regulatory layer to the control of MRTF-A-SRF-mediated gene expression, and broaden the role of Lap2 in transcriptional regulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sidorenko, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sokolova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pennanen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kyheroinen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Posern, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foisner, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vartiainen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.08.425886</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lamina-associated polypeptide 2α is required for intranuclear MRTF-A activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.01.08.425924v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CYK-1/Formin activation in cortical RhoA signaling centers promotes organismal left-right symmetry breaking 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.01.08.425924v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
1Proper left-right symmetry breaking is essential for animal development and in many species the actin cytoskeleton plays an instrumental role in this process. Active torque generation in the actomyosin layer promotes left-right symmetry breaking in C. elegans embryos by driving chiral counter-rotating cortical flows. While both Formins and Myosins have been implied in left-right symmetry breaking, and both can rotate actin filaments in vitro, it remains unclear if active torques in the actomyosin cortex are generated by Formins, Myosins, or both. We combined the strength of C. elegans genetics with quantitative imaging and thin film, chiral active fluid theory to show that, while Non-Muscle Myosin II activity drives cortical actomyosin flows, it is permissive for chiral counter-rotation and dispensable for chiral symmetry breaking of cortical flows. Instead, we find that CYK-1/Formin activation in RhoA foci is instructive for chiral counter-rotation and promotes in-plane, active torque generation in the actomyosin cortex. Notably, we observe that artificially generated large active RhoA patches undergo rotations with consistent handedness in a CYK-1/Formin-dependent manner. Altogether, we conclude that, CYK-1/Formin-dependent active torque generation facilitates chiral symmetry breaking of actomyosin flows and drives organismal left-right symmetry breaking in the nematode worm.

2 SignificanceActive torque generation in the actin cytoskeleton has been implicated in driving left-right symmetry breaking of developing embryos, but which molecules generate the active torque and how active torque generation is organized subcellularly remains unclear. This study shows that cortical Formin, recruited to cortical regions where RhoA signaling is active, promotes active torque generation in the actomyosin layer. We find that active torque tends to locally rotate the cortex in a clockwise fashion, which drives the emergence of chiral counter-rotating flows with consistent handedness and facilitates left-right symmetry breaking of C. elegans embryos.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Middelkoop, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Baucells, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quintero-Cadena, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pimpale, L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yazdi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sternberg, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gross, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grill, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.08.425924</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CYK-1/Formin activation in cortical RhoA signaling centers promotes organismal left-right symmetry breaking]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.01.08.425958v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reconstitution of cargo-induced LC3 lipidation in mammalian selective autophagy 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.01.08.425958v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Selective autophagy of damaged mitochondria, intracellular pathogens, protein aggregates, endoplasmic reticulum, and other large cargoes is essential for health. The presence of cargo initiates phagophore biogenesis, which entails the conjugation of ATG8/LC3 family proteins to membrane phosphatidylethanolamine. Current models suggest that the presence of clustered ubiquitin chains on a cargo triggers a cascade of interactions from autophagic cargo receptors through the autophagy core complexes ULK1 and class III PI 3-kinase complex I (PI3KC3-C1), WIPI2, and the ATG7, ATG3, and ATG12-ATG5-ATG16L1 machinery of LC3 lipidation. This model was tested using giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs), GST-Ub4 as a model cargo, the cargo receptors NDP52, TAX1BP1, and OPTN, and the autophagy core complexes. All three cargo receptors potently stimulated LC3 lipidation on GUVs. NDP52- and TAX1BP1-induced LC3 lipidation required the ULK1 complex together with all other components, however, ULK1 kinase activity was dispensable. In contrast, OPTN bypassed the ULK1 requirement completely. These data show that the cargo-dependent stimulation of LC3 lipidation is a common property of multiple autophagic cargo receptors, yet the details of core complex engagement vary considerably and unexpectedly between the different receptors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jensen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yokom, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fracchiolla, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martens, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hurley, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.08.425958</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reconstitution of cargo-induced LC3 lipidation in mammalian selective autophagy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.01.19.427159v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ribosomal intron-mediated switch governs yeast survival in starvation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.01.19.427159v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Introns are universally present in the nuclear genomes of eukaryotes1. The budding yeast, an otherwise intron-poor species, preserves two sets of ribosomal protein (RP) genes differing primarily in their introns2-4. Despite recent findings on the role of RP introns under stress and starvation5-7, understanding the contribution of introns to ribosome regulation remains challenging. Here, combining isogrowth profiling8 with single-cell protein measurements9, we found that introns can mediate inducible phenotypic heterogeneity conferring a clear fitness advantage. Osmotic stress leads to bimodal expression of the small ribosomal subunit protein Rps22B, mediated by an intron in the 5 untranslated region of its transcript. The two resulting yeast subpopulations differ in their ability to cope with starvation. Low Rps22B protein levels resulted in prolonged survival under sustained starvation, while high Rps22B levels enabled cells to grow faster after transient starvation. Further, yeast growing at high sugar concentrations - similar to those in ripe grapes - exhibit bimodal Rps22B expression when approaching stationary phase. Differential intron-mediated regulation of RP genes thus provides a way to diversify the population when starvation looms in natural environments. Our findings reveal a new role for introns in inducing phenotypic heterogeneity in changing environments and suggest that duplicated RP genes in yeast contribute to resolving the evolutionary conflict between precise expression control and environmental responsiveness10.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lukacisin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Espinosa-Cantu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bollenbach, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.19.427159</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ribosomal intron-mediated switch governs yeast survival in starvation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.01.26.428227v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural and functional studies of the first tripartite protein complex at the Trypanosoma brucei flagellar pocket collar 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.01.26.428227v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The flagellar pocket (FP) is the only endo- and exocytic organelle in most trypanosomes and, as such, is essential throughout the life cycle of the parasite. The neck of the FP is maintained enclosed around the flagellum via the flagellar pocket collar (FPC). The FPC is a macromolecular cytoskeletal structure and is essential for the formation of the FP and cytokinesis. FPC biogenesis and structure are poorly understood, mainly due to the lack of information on FPC composition. To date, only two FPC proteins, BILBO1 and FPC4, have been characterized. BILBO1 forms a molecular skeleton upon which other FPC proteins can, theoretically, dock onto. We previously identified FPC4 as the first BILBO1 interacting partner and demonstrated that its C-terminal domain interacts with the BILBO1 N-terminal domain (NTD). Here, we report the characterization of a new FPC component and BILBO1 partner protein, BILBO2 (Tb927.6.3240) by yeast two-hybrid screen, bioinformatics, functional and structural studies. We show that BILBO2 colocalizes with BILBO1 and can modulate the shape of the BILBO1 filament by interacting with the BILBO1 EF-hand domains. Further, we demonstrate that BILBO1 and BILBO2 share a homologous NTD domain and that both domains interact with FPC4. We have determined a 1.9 [A] resolution crystal structure of the BILBO2 NTD in complex with the FPC4 BILBO1-binding domain. Together with mutational analyses, our studies reveal key residues for the function of the BILBO2 NTD and its interaction with FPC4 and evidenced a tripartite interaction between BILBO1, BILBO2, and FPC4. Our work sheds light on the first atomic structure of an FPC protein complex and represents a significant step in deciphering the FPC function in Trypanosoma brucei and other pathogenic kinetoplastids.

Author summaryTrypanosomes belong to a group of zoonotic, protist, parasites that are found in Africa, Asia, South America, and Europe and are responsible for severe human and animal diseases. They all have a common structure called the flagellar pocket (FP). In most trypanosomes, all macromolecular exchanges between the trypanosome and the environment occur via the FP. The FP is thus essential for cell viability and evading the host immune response. We have been studying the flagellar pocket collar (FPC), an enigmatic macromolecular structure at the neck of the FP, and demonstrated its essentiality for the biogenesis of the FP. We demonstrated that BILBO1 is an essential protein of the FPC that interacts with other proteins including a microtubule-binding protein FPC4.

Here we identify another bona fide FPC protein, BILBO2, so named because of close similarity with BILBO1 in protein organization and functional domains. We demonstrate that BILBO1 and BILBO2 share a common N-terminal domain involved in the interaction with FPC4, and illustrate a tripartite interaction between BILBO1, BILBO2, and FPC4. Our study also provides the first atomic view of two FPC components. These data represent an additional step in deciphering the FPC structure and function in T. brucei.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>BONHIVERS, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isch, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Majneri, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landrein, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pivovarova, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lesigang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lauruol, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.26.428227</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural and functional studies of the first tripartite protein complex at the Trypanosoma brucei flagellar pocket collar]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.01.28.427950v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Vasopressin V2 is a promiscuous G protein-coupled receptor that is biased by its peptide ligands 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.01.28.427950v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Activation of the G protein-coupled receptors by agonists may result in the activation of one or more G proteins, and in the recruitment of arrestins. The balance of activation of different pathways can be influenced by the ligand. Using BRET-based biosensors, we showed that the vasopressin V2 receptor activates or at least engages many different G proteins across all G protein subfamilies in response to its native agonist arginine vasopressin (AVP). This includes members of the Gi/o and G12/13 families that have not been previously reported. These signalling pathways are also activated by the synthetic peptide desmopressin and natural homologs of AVP, namely oxytocin and the non-mammalian hormone vasotocin. They demonstrated varying degrees of functional selectivity relative to AVP, as quantified using the operational model for quantifying ligand bias. Additionally, we modelled G protein activation as a Michaelis-Menten reaction. This approach provided a complementary way to quantify signalling bias, with an added benefit of clear separation of the effects of ligand affinity from the intrinsic activity of the receptor. These results showed that V2 receptor is not only promiscuous in its ability to engage several G proteins, but also that its signalling profile could be easily biased by small structural changes in the ligand.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Heydenreich, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plouffe, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rizk, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milic, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breton, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Gouill, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Inoue, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bouvier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veprintsev, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.28.427950</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Vasopressin V2 is a promiscuous G protein-coupled receptor that is biased by its peptide ligands]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.02.03.429533v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Revisiting a GWAS peak in Arabidopsis thaliana reveals possible confounding by genetic heterogeneity 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.02.03.429533v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have become a standard approach for exploring the genetic basis of phenotypic variation. However, correlation is not causation, and only a tiny fraction of all associations have been experimentally confirmed. One practical problem is that a peak of association does not always pinpoint a causal gene, but may instead be tagging multiple causal variants. In this study, we reanalyze a previously reported peak associated with flowering time traits in Swedish in Arabidopsis thaliana. The peak appeared to pinpoint the AOP2/AOP3 cluster of glucosinolate biosynthesis genes, which is known to be responsible for natural variation in herbivore resistance. Here we propose an alternative hypothesis, by demonstrating that the AOP2/AOP3 flowering association can be wholly accounted for by allelic variation in two flanking genes with clear roles in regulating flowering: NDX1, a regulator of the main flowering time controller FLC, and GA1, which plays a central role in gibberellin synthesis and is required for flowering under some conditions. In other words, we propose that the AOP2/AOP3 flowering-time association is yet another example of a spurious, "synthetic" association, arising from trying to fit a single-locus model in the presence of two statistically associated causative loci.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sasaki, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koecher, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Filiault, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nordborg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.03.429533</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Revisiting a GWAS peak in Arabidopsis thaliana reveals possible confounding by genetic heterogeneity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.01.29.428839v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RGI-GOLVEN signalling promotes FLS2 abundance to regulate plant immunity 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.01.29.428839v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Endogenous plant signalling peptides regulate developmental and growth-related processes. Recent research indicates that some of these peptides are classified as phytocytokines as they have regulatory functions during plant immune responses. However, the mechanistic basis for phytocytokine-mediated immune modulation remains largely elusive. Here, we identify GOLVEN2 (GLV2) peptides as novel phytocytokines in Arabidopsis thaliana. By peptide application, precursor overexpression and loss-of-function studies we show that GLV2 enhances sensitivity of plants to elicitation with the bacterial flagellin epitope flg22. GLV2 is perceived by ROOT MERISTEM GROWTH FACTOR 1 INSENSITIVE (RGI) receptors and RGI3 forms an flg22-induced complex with the flg22-receptor FLAGELLIN SENSITIVE 2, suggesting that RGIs are part of activated pattern recognition receptor signalling platforms. GLV2 perception increases posttranscriptional FLS2 abundance and RGIs promote FLS2 protein accumulation. Thus, GLV-RGI signalling controls above ground plant immunity via a novel mechanism of phytocytokine activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stegmann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zecua-Ramirez, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ludwig, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peterson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nimchuk, Z. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belkhadir, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hueckelhoven, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.29.428839</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RGI-GOLVEN signalling promotes FLS2 abundance to regulate plant immunity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.01.14.426637v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Crosstalk between H2A variant-specific modifications impacts vital cell functions 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.01.14.426637v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Histone variants are distinguished by specific substitutions and motifs that might be subject to post-translational modifications (PTMs). Compared with the high conservation of H3 variants, the N- and C-terminal tails of H2A variants are more divergent and are potential substrates for a more complex array of PTMs, which have remained largely unexplored. We used mass spectrometry to inventory the PTMs of the two heterochromatin-enriched variants H2A.W.6 and H2A.W.7 of Arabidopsis, which harbor the C-terminal motif KSPK. This motif is also found in macroH2A variants in animals and confers specific properties to the nucleosome. We showed that H2A.W.6 is phosphorylated by the cell cycle-dependent kinase CDKA specifically at KSPK. In contrast, this modification is absent on H2A.W.7, which also harbors the SQ motif associated with the variant H2A.X. Phosphorylation of the SQ motif is critical for the DNA damage response but is suppressed in H2A.W.7 by phosphorylation of KSPK. To identify factors involved in this suppression mechanism, we performed a synthetic screen in fission yeast expressing a mimic of the Arabidopsis H2A.W.7. Among those factors was the BRCT-domain protein Mdb1. We showed that phosphorylation of KSPK prevents binding of the BRCT-domain protein Mdb1 to phosphorylated SQ and as a result hampers response to DNA damage. Hence, cross-talks between motif-specific PTMs interfere with the vital functions of H2A variants. Such interference could be responsible for the mutual exclusion of specific motifs between distinct H2A variants. We conclude that sequence innovations in H2A variants have potentiated the acquisition of many specific PTMs with still unknown functions. These add a layer of complexity to the nucleosome properties and their impact in chromatin regulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schmuecker, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorkovic, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Capella, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braun, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bourguet, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathieu, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mechtler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berger, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.14.426637</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Crosstalk between H2A variant-specific modifications impacts vital cell functions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.01.29.428863v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metabolic flux partitioning between the TCA cycle and glyoxylate shunt combined with a reversible methyl citrate cycle provide nutritional flexibility for Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.01.29.428863v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The utilisation of multiple host-derived carbon substrates is required by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) to successfully sustain a tuberculosis infection thereby identifying the Mtb specific metabolic pathways and enzymes required for carbon co-metabolism as potential drug targets. Metabolic flux represents the final integrative outcome of many different levels of cellular regulation that contribute to the flow of metabolites through the metabolic network. It is therefore critical that we have an in-depth understanding of the rewiring of metabolic fluxes in different conditions. Here, we employed 13C-metabolic flux analysis using stable isotope tracers (13C and 2H) and lipid fingerprinting to investigate the metabolic network of Mtb growing slowly on physiologically relevant carbon sources in a steady state chemostat. We demonstrate that Mtb is able to efficiently co-metabolise combinations of either cholesterol or glycerol along with C2 generating carbon substrates. The uniform assimilation of the carbon sources by Mtb throughout the network indicated no compartmentalization of metabolism in these conditions however there were substrate specific differences in metabolic fluxes. This work identified that partitioning of flux between the TCA cycle and the glyoxylate shunt combined with a reversible methyl citrate cycle as the critical metabolic nodes which underlie the nutritional flexibility of Mtb. These findings provide new insights into the metabolic architecture that affords adaptability of Mtb to divergent carbon substrates.

ImportanceEach year more than 1 million people die of tuberculosis (TB). Many more are infected but successfully diagnosed and treated with antibiotics, however antibiotic-resistant TB isolates are becoming ever more prevalent and so novel therapies are urgently needed that can effectively kill the causative agent. Mtb specific metabolic pathways have been identified as an important drug target in TB. However the apparent metabolic plasticity of this pathogen presents a major obstacle to efficient targeting of Mtb specific vulnerabilities and therefore it is critical to define the metabolic fluxes that Mtb utilises in different conditions. Here, we used 13C-metabolic flux analysis to measure the metabolic fluxes that Mtb uses whilst growing on potential in vivo nutrients. Our analysis identified selective use of the metabolic network that included the TCA cycle, glyoxylate shunt and methyl citrate cycle. The metabolic flux phenotypes determined in this study improves our understanding about the co-metabolism of multiple carbon substrates by Mtb identifying a reversible methyl citrate cycle and the glyoxylate shunt as the critical metabolic nodes which underlie the nutritional flexibility of Mtb.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Borah, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendum, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawkins, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ward, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beale, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larrouy-Maumus, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhatt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pichler, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MOULIN, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haertlein, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forsyth, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noack, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goulding, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McFadden, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beste, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.29.428863</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metabolic flux partitioning between the TCA cycle and glyoxylate shunt combined with a reversible methyl citrate cycle provide nutritional flexibility for Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.02.11.430601v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparative proteome signatures of ultra-low input samples by TMT multiplexed Data-Independent Acquisition 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.02.11.430601v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single cell transcriptomics has revolutionized our understanding of basic biology and disease. Since transcript levels often do not correlate with protein expression, it is crucial to complement transcriptomics approaches with proteome analyses at single cell resolution. Despite continuous technological improvements in sensitivity, mass spectrometry-based single cell proteomics ultimately faces the challenge of reproducibly comparing the protein expression profiles of thousands of individual cells. Here, we combine two hitherto opposing analytical strategies, DIA and Tandem-Mass-Tag (TMT)-multiplexing, to generate highly reproducible, quantitative proteome signatures from ultra-low input samples. While conventional, data-dependent shotgun proteomics (DDA) of ultra-low input samples critically suffers from the accumulation of missing values with increasing sample-cohort size, data-independent acquisition (DIA) strategies do usually not take full advantage of isotope-encoded sample multiplexing. We developed a novel, identification-independent proteomics data-analysis pipeline that allows to quantitatively compare DIA-TMT proteome signatures across hundreds of samples independent of their biological origin, and to identify cell types and single protein knockouts. We validate our approach using integrative data analysis of different human cell lines and standard database searches for knockouts of defined proteins. These data establish a novel and reproducible approach to markedly expand the numbers of proteins one detects from ultra-low input samples, such as single cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ctortecka, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krssakova, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stejskal, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penninger, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendjan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mechtler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stadlmann, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.11.430601</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparative proteome signatures of ultra-low input samples by TMT multiplexed Data-Independent Acquisition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.02.10.430648v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ultra-sensitive nanoLC-MS using second generation micro pillar array LC technology with Orbitrap Exploris 480 and FAIMS PRO to enable single cell proteomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.02.10.430648v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the light of the ongoing single-cell revolution, scientific disciplines are combining forces to retrieve as much relevant data as possible from trace amounts of biological material. For single cell proteomics, this implies optimizing the entire workflow from initial cell isolation down to sample preparation, liquid chromatography (LC) separation, mass spectrometer (MS) data acquisition and data analysis. To demonstrate the potential for single cell and limited sample proteomics, we report on a series of benchmarking experiments where we combine LC separation on a new generation of micro pillar array columns with state-of-the-art Orbitrap MS/MS detection and High-Field Asymmetric Waveform Ion Mobility Spectrometry (FAIMS). This dedicated limited sample column has a reduced cross section and micro pillar dimensions that have been further downscaled (inter pillar distance and pillar diameter by a factor of 2), resulting in improved chromatography at reduced void times. A dilution series of a HeLa tryptic digest (5-0.05 ng/L) was used to explore the sensitivity that can be achieved. Comparative processing of the MS/MS data with Sequest HT, MS Amanda, Mascot and SpectroMine pointed out the benefits of using Sequest HT together with INFERYS when analyzing sample amounts below 1 ng. 2855 protein groups were identified from just 1 ng of HeLa tryptic digest hereby increasing detection sensitivity as compared to a previous contribution by a factor well above 10. By successfully identifying 1486 protein groups from as little as 250 pg of HeLa tryptic digest, we demonstrate outstanding sensitivity with great promise for use in limited sample proteomics workflows.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stejskal, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Op de Beeck, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Düernberger, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacobs, P. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mechtler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.10.430648</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ultra-sensitive nanoLC-MS using second generation micro pillar array LC technology with Orbitrap Exploris 480 and FAIMS PRO to enable single cell proteomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.02.13.431041v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genomic evidence that governmentally produced Cannabis sativa poorly represents genetic variation available in state markets 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.02.13.431041v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) is the sole producer of Cannabis for research purposes in the United States, including medical investigation. Previous research established that cannabinoid profiles in the NIDA varieties lacked diversity and potency relative to the Cannabis produced commercially. Additionally, microsatellite marker analyses have established that the NIDA varieties are genetically divergent form varieties produced in the private legal market. Here, we analyzed the genome of multiple Cannabis varieties from diverse lineages including two produced by NIDA, and we provide further support that NIDAs varieties differ from widely available medical, recreational, or industrial Cannabis. Furthermore, our results suggest that NIDAs varieties lack diversity in the single copy portion of the genome, the maternally inherited genomes, the cannabinoid genes, and in the repetitive content of the genome. Therefore, results based on NIDAs varieties are not generalizable regarding the effects of Cannabis after consumption. For medical research to be relevant, material that is more widely used would have to be studied. Clearly, having research to date dominated by a single, non-representative source of Cannabis has hindered scientific investigation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vergara, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huscher, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keepers, K. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pisupati, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwabe, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGlaughlin, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kane, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.13.431041</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genomic evidence that governmentally produced Cannabis sativa poorly represents genetic variation available in state markets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.02.12.428880v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extensive N4 cytosine methylation is essential for Marchantia sperm function 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.02.12.428880v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
4-methylcytosine (4mC) is an important DNA modification in prokaryotes, but its relevance, and even presence in eukaryotes have been mysterious. Here we show that spermatogenesis in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha involves two waves of extensive DNA methylation reprogramming. First, 5-methylcytosine (5mC), a well-known eukaryotic DNA modification, expands from transposons to the entire genome. Notably, the second wave installs 4mC throughout genic regions, covering over 50% of CG sites in sperm. 4mC is catalyzed by two novel methyltransferases (MpDN4MT1a and MpDN4MT1b) specifically expressed during late spermiogenesis. Deletion of MpDN4MT1s eliminates 4mC, alters the sperm transcriptome, and produces sperm with swimming defects. Our results reveal extensive 4mC in a eukaryote and define a new family of eukaryotic methyltransferases, thereby expanding the repertoire of functional eukaryotic DNA modifications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Walker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vickers, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dolan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakajima, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.12.428880</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extensive N4 cytosine methylation is essential for Marchantia sperm function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.02.18.431643v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A genetic program boosts mitochondrial function to power macrophage tissue invasion 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.02.18.431643v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metabolic adaptation to changing demands underlies homeostasis. During inflammation or metastasis, cells leading migration into challenging environments require an energy boost, however what controls this capacity is unknown. We identify a previously unstudied nuclear protein, Atossa, as changing metabolism in Drosophila melanogaster immune cells to promote tissue invasion. Atossas vertebrate orthologs, FAM214A-B, can fully substitute for Atossa, indicating functional conservation from flies to mammals. Atossa increases mRNA levels of Porthos, an unstudied RNA helicase and two metabolic enzymes, LKR/SDH and GR/HPR. Porthos increases translation of a gene subset, including those affecting mitochondrial functions, the electron transport chain, and metabolism. Respiration measurements and metabolomics indicate that Atossa and Porthos powers up mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to produce sufficient energy for leading macrophages to forge a path into tissues. As increasing oxidative phosphorylation enables many crucial physiological responses, this unique genetic program may modulate a wide range of cellular behaviors beyond migration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Emtenani, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, E. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gyoergy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bicher, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wendelin-Genger, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koecher, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hurd, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergthaler, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siekhaus, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.18.431643</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A genetic program boosts mitochondrial function to power macrophage tissue invasion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.02.12.430993v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Differentially accessible Cdc4 phospho-degrons regulate Ctf19CCAN kinetochore subunit stability in mitosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.02.12.430993v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Kinetochores are multi-subunit protein assemblies that link chromosomes to microtubules of the mitotic and meiotic spindle. How effective, yet strictly centromere-dependent kinetochore assembly is coupled to cell cycle progression is incompletely understood. Here, by combining comprehensive phosphorylation analysis of native Ctf19CCAN subunits with biochemical and functional assays in the model system budding yeast, we demonstrate that Cdk1 phosphorylation activates phospho-degrons on the essential subunit Ame1CENP-U which are recognized by the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex SCF-Cdc4. Gradual phosphorylation of degron motifs culminates in M-Phase and targets the protein for degradation. Binding of the Mtw1 complex shields the proximal phospho-degron, protecting kinetochore-bound Ame1 from the degradation machinery. Artificially increasing degron strength partially suppresses the temperature-sensitivity of a cdc4 mutant, while overexpression of Ame1-Okp1 is toxic to cells, demonstrating the physiological importance of this mechanism. We propose that phospho-regulated clearance of excess CCAN subunits protects against ectopic kinetochore assembly and contributes to mitotic checkpoint silencing. Our results suggest a novel strategy for how phospho-degrons can be used to regulate the assembly of multi-subunit complexes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Westermann, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Böhm, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Killinger, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dudziak, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pant, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jänen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hohoff, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mechtler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Örd, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loog, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez-Garcia, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.12.430993</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Differentially accessible Cdc4 phospho-degrons regulate Ctf19CCAN kinetochore subunit stability in mitosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.02.23.432388v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
REPROGRAMMING CBX8-PRC1 FUNCTION WITH A POSITIVE ALLOSTERIC MODULATOR 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.02.23.432388v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ABSTRACTCanonical targeting of Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) to repress developmental genes is mediated by cell type-specific, paralogous chromobox (CBX) proteins (CBX2, 4, 6, 7 and 8). Based on their central role in silencing and their misregulation associated with human disease including cancer, CBX proteins are attractive targets for small molecule chemical probe development. Here, we have used a quantitative and target-specific cellular assay to discover a potent positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of CBX8. The PAM activity of UNC7040 antagonizes H3K27me3 binding by CBX8 while increasing interactions with nucleic acids and participation in variant PRC1. We show that treatment with UNC7040 leads to efficient PRC1 chromatin eviction, loss of silencing and reduced proliferation across different cancer cell lines. Our discovery and characterization of UNC7040 not only revealed the most cellularly potent CBX8-specific chemical probe to date, but also corroborates a mechanism of polycomb regulation by non-histone lysine methylated interaction partners.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Suh, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bsteh, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Si, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hart, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weaver, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pribitzer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lau, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soni, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ogana, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rectenwald, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norris, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cholensky, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sagum, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Umana, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hardy, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bedford, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mumenthaler, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lenz, H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y.-m.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, G. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pearce, K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kireev, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Musselman, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frye, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bell, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.23.432388</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[REPROGRAMMING CBX8-PRC1 FUNCTION WITH A POSITIVE ALLOSTERIC MODULATOR]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.02.26.433043v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Global genetic heterogeneity in adaptive traits 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.02.26.433043v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding the genetic architecture of complex traits is a major objective in biology. The standard approach for doing so is genome-wide association studies (GWAS), which aim to identify genetic polymorphisms responsible for variation in traits of interest. In human genetics, consistency across studies is commonly used as an indicator of reliability. However, if traits are involved in adaptation to the local environment, we do not necessarily expect reproducibility. On the contrary, results may depend on where you sample, and sampling across a wide range of environments may decrease the power of GWAS because of increased genetic heterogeneity. In this study, we examine how sampling affects GWAS for a variety of phenotypes in the model plant species Arabididopsis thaliana. We show that traits like flowering time are indeed influenced by distinct genetic effects in local populations. Furthermore, using gene expression as a molecular phenotype, we show that some genes are globally affected by shared variants, while others are affected by variants specific to subpopulations. Remarkably, the former are essentially all cis-regulated, whereas the latter are predominately affected by trans-acting variants. Our result illustrate that conclusions about genetic architecture can be incredibly sensitive to sampling and population structure.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Arboleda, W. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reinert, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nordborg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korte, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.26.433043</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Global genetic heterogeneity in adaptive traits]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.03.09.434568v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interferons Reshape the 3D Conformation and Accessibility of Macrophage Chromatin 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.03.09.434568v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Engagement of macrophages in innate immune responses is directed and enhanced by type I and type II interferons. An essential component of IFN activity is the use of JAK-STAT signal transduction for the transcriptional control of interferon-stimulated genes (ISG). Here, we study the immediate early nuclear response to type I IFN and IFN-{gamma} in murine macrophages. Despite their distinct immunological activities, both IFN types triggered highly overlapping epigenomic and transcriptional changes. These changes included a rapid rearrangement of the 3D chromatin organization and an increase of DNA accessibility at ISG loci. ISGF3, the major transcriptional regulator of ISG, controlled homeostatic as well as induced-state DNA accessibility at a subset of ISG. Increases in DNA accessibility correlated with the appearance of activating histone marks at surrounding nucleosomes. Collectively our data emphasize changes in the three-dimensional nuclear space and epigenome as an important facet of transcriptional control by the IFN-induced JAK-STAT pathway.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Platanitis, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Güner, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geetha, A. R. S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boccuni, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vogt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novatchkova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sommer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Müller, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Decker, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.09.434568</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interferons Reshape the 3D Conformation and Accessibility of Macrophage Chromatin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.03.12.435122v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell-intrinsic functions of the transcription factor Bhlhe40 in activated B cells and T follicular helper cells restrain the germinal center reaction and prevent lymphomagenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.03.12.435122v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The generation of high-affinity antibodies against pathogens and vaccines requires the germinal center (GC) reaction - a process that relies on a complex interplay between specialized effector subsets of B and CD4 T lymphocytes - GC B cells and T follicular helper (TFH) cells. Intriguingly, several key positive regulators of the GC reaction are common for both cell types. Here, we report that the transcription factor Bhlhe40 is a crucial cell-intrinsic negative regulator affecting both the B and T cell sides of the GC reaction. In activated CD4 T cells, Bhlhe40 was required to restrain proliferation thus limiting the number of TFH cells. In B cells, Bhlhe40 executed its function in the first days after immunization by selectively restricting the generation of the earliest GC B cells but not of early memory B cells or plasmablasts. Conditional Bhlhe40 inactivation confirmed cell-autonomous functions of Bhlhe40 in both GC B and TFH cells, while the GC phenotype was further enhanced upon loss of Bhlhe40 in both cell types. This negative regulation of the GC reaction by Bhlhe40 was of crucial importance, as Bhlhe40-deficient mice with progressing age succumbed to a B cell lymphoma characterized by accumulation of monoclonal GC B-like cells and polyclonal TFH cells in various tissues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rauschmeier, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reinhardt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gustafsson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glaros, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Artemov, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taneja, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mansson, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Busslinger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kreslavsky, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.12.435122</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell-intrinsic functions of the transcription factor Bhlhe40 in activated B cells and T follicular helper cells restrain the germinal center reaction and prevent lymphomagenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.03.14.435332v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Community Evaluation of Glycoproteomics Informatics Solutions Reveals High-Performance Search Strategies of Glycopeptide Data 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.03.14.435332v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glycoproteome profiling (glycoproteomics) is a powerful yet analytically challenging research tool. The complex tandem mass spectra generated from glycopeptide mixtures require sophisticated analysis pipelines for structural determination. Diverse software aiding the process have appeared, but their relative performance remains untested. Conducted through the HUPO Human Proteome Project - Human Glycoproteomics Initiative, this community study, comprising both developers and users of glycoproteomics software, evaluates the performance of informatics solutions for system-wide glycopeptide analysis. Mass spectrometry-based glycoproteomics datasets from human serum were shared with all teams. The relative team performance for N- and O-glycopeptide data analysis was comprehensively established and validated through orthogonal performance tests. Excitingly, several high-performance glycoproteomics informatics solutions were identified. While the study illustrated that significant informatics challenges remain, as indicated by a high discordance between annotated glycopeptides, lists of high-confidence (consensus) glycopeptides were compiled from the standardised team reports. Deep analysis of the performance data revealed key performance-associated search variables and led to recommendations for improved "high coverage" and "high accuracy" glycoproteomics search strategies. This study concludes that diverse software for comprehensive glycopeptide data analysis exist, points to several high-performance search strategies, and specifies key variables that may guide future software developments and assist informatics decision-making in glycoproteomics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kawahara, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alagesan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bern, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chalkley, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choo, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edwards, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffmann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kletter, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liquet-Weiland, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mechref, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neelamegham, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen-Khuong, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nilsson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pap, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parker, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pegg, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penninger, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phung, T. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pioch, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rapp, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sakalli, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanda, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shulz, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sofronov, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stadlmann, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vakhrushev, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woo, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ying, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaia, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haslam, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmisano, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoo, J. S</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.14.435332</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Community Evaluation of Glycoproteomics Informatics Solutions Reveals High-Performance Search Strategies of Glycopeptide Data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.03.19.436157v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bacterial-type plant ferroxidases tune local phosphate sensing in root development 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.03.19.436157v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fluctuating bioavailability of inorganic phosphate (Pi), often caused by complex Pi-metal interactions, guide root tip growth and root system architecture for maximizing the foraged soil volume. Two interacting genes in Arabidopsis thaliana, PDR2 (P5-type ATPase) and LPR1 (multicopper oxidase), are central to external Pi monitoring by root tips, which is modified by iron (Fe) co-occurrence. Upon Pi deficiency, the PDR2-LPR1 module facilitates cell type-specific Fe accumulation and cell wall modifications in root meristems, inhibiting intercellular communication and thus root growth. LPR1 executes local Pi sensing, whereas PDR2 restricts LPR1 function. We show that native LPR1 displays specific ferroxidase activity and requires a conserved acidic triad motif for high-affinity Fe2+ binding and root growth inhibition under limiting Pi. Our data indicate that substrate availability tunes LPR1 function and implicate PDR2 in maintaining Fe homeostasis. LPR1 represents the prototype of an ancient ferroxidase family, which evolved very early upon bacterial colonization of land. During plant terrestrialization, horizontal gene transfer transmitted LPR1-type ferroxidase from soil bacteria to the common ancestor of Zygnematophyceae algae and embryophytes, a hypothesis supported by homology modeling, phylogenomics, and activity assays of bacterial LPR1-type multicopper oxidases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Naumann, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heisters, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandt, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janitza, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alfs, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nienguesso, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ziegler, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imre, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mechtler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dagdas, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoehenwarter, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sawers, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quint, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.19.436157</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bacterial-type plant ferroxidases tune local phosphate sensing in root development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.03.24.436811v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Arabidopsis F-box protein FBW2 degrades AGO1 to avoid spurious loading of illegitimate small RNA 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.03.24.436811v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RNA silencing is a conserved mechanism in eukaryotes and is involved in development, heterochromatin maintenance and defense against viruses. In plants, ARGONAUTE1 (AGO1) protein plays a central role in both microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA)-directed silencing and its expression is regulated at multiple levels. Here, we report that the F-box protein FBW2 targets proteolysis of AGO1 by a CDC48-mediated mechanism. We found that FBW2 assembles an SCF complex that recognizes the MID-PIWI domain of AGO1 and requires its C-terminal domain containing a GW motif for AGO1 turnover. We showed that FBW2 prefers the unloaded and some mutated forms of AGO1 protein. While FBW2 loss of function does not lead to strong growth or developmental defects, it significantly increases RNA silencing activity. Interestingly, under conditions in which small RNA production or accumulation is affected, the failure to degrade AGO1 in fbw2 mutants becomes more deleterious for the plant. Hence, the non-degradable AGO1 protein assembles high molecular weight complexes and binds illegitimate small RNA leading to the cleavage of new target genes that belong to stress responses and cellular metabolic processes. Therefore, the control of AGO1 homeostasis by ubiquitin ligases plays an important role in quality control to avoid off-target cleavage.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hacquard, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clavel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baldrich, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lechner, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez-Salamo, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schepetilnikov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Derrien, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dubois, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hammann, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuhn, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brun, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bouteiller, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaucheret, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyers, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Genschik, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.24.436811</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Arabidopsis F-box protein FBW2 degrades AGO1 to avoid spurious loading of illegitimate small RNA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.03.25.436949v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tissue-specific versus pleiotropic enhancers within the bric-a-brac tandem gene duplicates display differential regulatory activity and evolutionary conservation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.03.25.436949v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During animal evolution, de novo emergence and modifications of pre-existing transcriptional enhancers have contributed to biological innovations, by implementing gene regulatory networks. The Drosophila melanogaster bric-a-brac (bab) complex, comprising the tandem paralogous genes bab1-2, provides a paradigm to address how enhancers contribute and co-evolve to regulate jointly or differentially duplicated genes. We previously characterized an intergenic enhancer (named LAE) governing bab2 expression in leg and antennal tissues. We show here that LAE activity also regulates bab1. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated LAE excision reveals its critical role for bab2-specific expression along the proximo-distal leg axis, likely through paralog-specific interaction with the bab2 gene promoter. Furthermore, LAE appears involved but not strictly required for bab1-2 co-expression in leg tissues. Phenotypic rescue experiments, chromatin features and a gene reporter assay reveal a large "pleiotropic" bab1 enhancer (termed BER) including a series of cis-regulatory elements active in the leg, antennal, wing, haltere and gonadal tissues. Phylogenomics analyses indicate that (i) bab2 originates from bab1 duplication within the Muscomorpha sublineage, (ii) LAE and bab1 promoter sequences have been evolutionarily-fixed early on within the Brachycera lineage, while (iii) BER elements have been conserved more recently among muscomorphans. Lastly, we identified conserved binding sites for transcription factors known or prone to regulate directly the paralogous bab genes in diverse developmental contexts. This work provides new insights on enhancers, particularly about their emergence, maintenance and functional diversification during evolution.

Author summaryGene duplications and transcriptional enhancer emergence/modifications are thought having greatly contributed to phenotypic innovations during animal evolution. However, how enhancers regulate distinctly gene duplicates and are evolutionary-fixed remain largely unknown. The Drosophila bric-a-brac locus, comprising the tandemly-duplicated genes bab1-2, provides a good paradigm to address these issues. The twin bab genes are co-expressed in many tissues. In this study, genetic analyses show a partial co-regulation of both genes in the developing legs depending on tissue-specific transcription factors known to bind a single enhancer. Genome editing and gene reporter assays further show that this shared enhancer is also required for bab2-specific expression. Our results also reveal the existence of partly-redundant regulatory functions of a large pleiotropic enhancer which contributes to co-regulate the bab genes in distal leg tissues. Phylogenomics analyses indicate that the Drosophila bab locus originates from duplication of a dipteran bab1-related gene, which occurred within the Brachycera (true flies) lineage. bab enhancer and promoter sequences have been differentially-conserved among Diptera suborders. This work illuminates how transcriptional enhancers from tandem gene duplicates (i) differentially interact with distinct cognate promoters and (ii) undergo distinct evolutionary changes to diversifying their respective tissue-specific gene expression pattern.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>BOURBON, H.-M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benetah, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guillou, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MOJICA VAZQUEZ, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>BAANANNOU, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>BERNAT - FABRE, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LOUBIERES, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>BANTIGNIES, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>CAVALLI, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>BOUBE, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.25.436949</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tissue-specific versus pleiotropic enhancers within the bric-a-brac tandem gene duplicates display differential regulatory activity and evolutionary conservation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.04.01.438087v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of lectin receptors for conserved SARS-CoV-2 glycosylation sites 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.04.01.438087v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
New SARS-CoV-2 variants are continuously emerging with critical implications for therapies or vaccinations. All 22 N-glycan sites of SARS-CoV-2 Spike remain highly conserved among the variants B.1.1.7, 501Y.V2 and P.1, opening an avenue for robust therapeutic intervention. Here we used a comprehensive library of mammalian carbohydrate-binding proteins (lectins) to probe critical sugar residues on the full-length trimeric Spike and the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2. Two lectins, Clec4g and CD209c, were identified to strongly bind to Spike. Clec4g and CD209c binding to Spike was dissected and visualized in real time and at single molecule resolution using atomic force microscopy. 3D modelling showed that both lectins can bind to a glycan within the RBD-ACE2 interface and thus interferes with Spike binding to cell surfaces. Importantly, Clec4g and CD209c significantly reduced SARS-CoV-2 infections. These data report the first extensive map and 3D structural modelling of lectin-Spike interactions and uncovers candidate receptors involved in Spike binding and SARS-CoV-2 infections. The capacity of CLEC4G and mCD209c lectins to block SARS-CoV-2 viral entry holds promise for pan-variant therapeutic interventions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hoffmann, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mereiter, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, Y. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monteil, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Canena, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hain, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laurent, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruber, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novatchkova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ticevic, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chabloz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wirnsberger, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagelkrueys, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altmann, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mach, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stadlmann, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oostenbrink, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirazimi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hinterdorfer, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penninger, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.01.438087</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of lectin receptors for conserved SARS-CoV-2 glycosylation sites]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.04.06.438574v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extensive OMICS resource for Sf21 and Tni cell lines 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.04.06.438574v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Insect-derived cell lines, from Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf21) and from Trichoplusia ni (Tni), are the two most widely used cell lines for recombinant protein expression in combination with the Baculoviral Expression Vector System (BEVS). Genomic sequences and annotations are still incomplete for Sf21 and absent for Tni. In this study, we present an approach using different sequencing data types, including short-read sequencing, long synthetic and Oxford Nanopore reads, to build genomes. The Sf21 and Tni assemblies contain 4,020 scaffolds of 463 Mb in size with N50 of 364 Kb and 2,954 scaffolds of 332 Mb in size with N50 of 326 Kb, respectively. Furthermore, we built a new gene prediction workflow, which integrates transcriptome and proteome information using pre-existing tools. Using this approach, we predicted 21,506 Sf21 and 14,159 Tni genes, generated and integrated proteomic datasets to validate predicted genes and could identify 5577 and 4919 proteins in the Sf21 and Tni cell lines respectively. This integrative approach could be theoretically applied to any uncharacterized genome and result in valuable new resources. With this information available, Sf21 and Tni cells will become even better tools for protein expression and could be used in a wider range of applications, from promoter identification to genome engineering and editing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Galik, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landry, J. J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirkpatrick, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fritz, M. H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baying, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blake, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haase, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collier, P. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hercog, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pavlinic, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stolt-Bergner, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Besir, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Remans, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gyenesei, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benes, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.06.438574</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extensive OMICS resource for Sf21 and Tni cell lines]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.04.11.439326v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An evidence-based 3D reconstruction of Asteroxylon mackiei the most complex plant preserved from the Rhynie chert 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.04.11.439326v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The 407-million-year-old Rhynie chert preserves the earliest terrestrial ecosystem and informs our understanding of early life on land. However, our knowledge of the 3D structure, and development of these plants is still rudimentary. Here we used digital 3D reconstruction techniques to produce the first complete reconstruction of the lycopsid Asteroxylon mackiei, the most complex plant in the Rhynie chert. The reconstruction reveals the organisation of the three distinct axes types - leafy shoot axes, root-bearing axes and rooting axes - in the body plan. Combining this reconstruction with developmental data from fossilised meristems, we demonstrate that the A. mackiei rooting axis - a transitional lycophyte organ between the rootless ancestral state and true roots - developed from root-bearing axes by anisotomous dichotomy. Our discovery demonstrates how this unique organ developed, and highlights the value of evidence-based reconstructions for understanding the development and evolution of the first complex plants on Earth.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hetherington, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bridson, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee Jones, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hass, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerp, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dolan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.11.439326</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An evidence-based 3D reconstruction of Asteroxylon mackiei the most complex plant preserved from the Rhynie chert]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.04.08.439068v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A CENH3 mutation promotes meiotic exit and restores fertility in SMG7-deficient Arabidopsis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.04.08.439068v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Meiosis in angiosperm plants is followed by mitotic divisions to form multicellular haploid gametophytes. Termination of meiosis and transition to gametophytic development is, in Arabidopsis, governed by a dedicated mechanism that involves SMG7 and TDM1 proteins. Mutants carrying the smg7-6 allele are semi-fertile due to reduced pollen production. We found that instead of forming tetrads, smg7-6 pollen mother cells undergo multiple rounds of chromosome condensation and spindle assembly at the end of meiosis, resembling aberrant attempts to undergo additional meiotic divisions. A suppressor screen uncovered a mutation in centromeric histone H3 (CENH3) that increased fertility and promoted meiotic exit in smg7-6 plants. The mutation led to inefficient splicing of the CENH3 mRNA and a substantial decrease of CENH3, resulting in smaller centromeres. The reduced level of CENH3 delayed formation of the mitotic spindle but did not have an apparent effect on plant growth and development. We suggest that impaired spindle re-assembly at the end of meiosis limits aberrant divisions in smg7-6 plants and promotes formation of tetrads and viable pollen. Furthermore, the reduced level of CENH3 did not induce haploid plants in crosses with wild plants, indicating that differences in centromere size is not the key determinant of centromere-mediate genome elimination.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Capitao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanasa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fulnecek, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raxwal, V. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akimcheva, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bulankova, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mikulkova, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lermontova, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mittelsten Scheid, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riha, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.08.439068</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A CENH3 mutation promotes meiotic exit and restores fertility in SMG7-deficient Arabidopsis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.04.13.439587v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The ubiquitin ligase HOIL-1L regulates immune responses by interacting with linear ubiquitin chains 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.04.13.439587v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Linear Ubiquitin Assembly Complex (LUBAC), composed of HOIP, HOIL-1L and SHARPIN, promotes Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-dependent NF-{kappa}B signaling in diverse cell types. HOIL-1L contains an Npl4 Zinc Finger (NZF) domain that specifically recognizes linear ubiquitin chains, but its physiological role in vivo has remained unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the HOIL-1L NZF domain has important regulatory functions in inflammation and immune responses in mice. We generated knockin mice (Hoil-1lT20;A;R208A/T201A;R208A) expressing a HOIL-1L NZF mutant, and observed attenuated responses to TNF- and LPS-induced shock, including prolonged survival, stabilized body temperature, reduced cytokine production and liver damage markers. Cells derived from the HOIL-1L knockin mice show reduced TNF-dependent NF-{kappa}B activation and incomplete recruitment of HOIL-1L into TNF Receptor (TNFR) Complex I. We further show that the HOIL-1L-NZF domain cooperates with SHARPIN to prevent TNFR-dependent skin inflammation. Collectively, our data suggest that linear ubiquitin-chain binding by HOIL-1L regulates immune responses and inflammation in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gomez Diaz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jonsson, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schodl, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deszcz, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bestehorn, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eislmayr, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Almagro, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kavirayani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fennell, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagelkrueys, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kovarik, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penninger, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ikeda, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.13.439587</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The ubiquitin ligase HOIL-1L regulates immune responses by interacting with linear ubiquitin chains]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.04.14.439828v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An automated workflow for label-free and multiplexed single cell proteomics sample preparation at unprecedented sensitivity. 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.04.14.439828v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The analysis of single-cell proteomes has recently become a viable complement to transcriptomics and genomics studies. Proteins are the primary driver of cellular functionality and mRNA levels are often an unreliable proxy of such. Therefore, the global analysis of the proteome is essential to study cellular identities. Multiplexed and label-free mass spectrometry-based approaches with single-cell resolution have lately attributed surprising heterogeneity to presumed homogenous cell populations. Even though specialized experimental designs and instrumentation have demonstrated remarkable advances, the efficient sample preparation of single cells still lag. Here, we introduce the proteoCHIP, a universal option for single-cell proteomics sample preparation at surprising sensitivity and throughput. The automated processing using a commercial system combining single-cell isolation and picoliter dispensing, the cellenONE(R), reduces final sample volumes to low nanoliters submerged in a hexadecane layer simultaneously eliminating error-prone manual sample handling and overcoming evaporation. The specialized proteoCHIP design allows direct injection of single cells via a standard autosampler resulting in around 1,500 protein groups per analytical run at remarkable reporter ion signal to noise while reducing or eliminating the carrier proteome. We identified close to 2,600 proteins across 170 multiplexed single cells from two highly similar human cell types. This dedicated loss-less workflow allows distinguishing in vitro co-differentiated cell types of self-organizing cardiac organoids based on indicative markers across 150 single cells. In-depth characterization revealed enhanced cellular motility of cardiac endothelial cells and sarcomere organization in cardiomyocytes. Our versatile and automated sample preparation has not only proven to be easily adaptable but is also sufficiently sensitive to drive biological applications of single-cell proteomics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hartlmayr, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ctortecka, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seth, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendjan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tourniaire, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mechtler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.14.439828</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An automated workflow for label-free and multiplexed single cell proteomics sample preparation at unprecedented sensitivity.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.04.13.439688v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In vitro reconstitution of Sgk3 activation by phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.04.13.439688v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 3 (Sgk3) is activated by the phospholipid phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI3P) downstream of growth factor signaling and by Vps34-mediated PI3P production on endosomes. Upregulation of Sgk3 activity has recently been linked to a number of human cancers. Here, we show that Sgk3 is regulated by a combination of phosphorylation and allosteric activation by PI3P. We demonstrate that PI3P binding induces large conformational changes in Sgk3 associated with its activation, and that the PI3P binding pocket of the PX domain of Sgk3 is sequestered in its inactive conformation. Finally, we reconstituted Sgk3 activation via Vps34-mediated PI3P synthesis on phosphatidylinositol liposomes in vitro. In addition to defining the mechanism of Sgk3 activation by PI3P, our findings open up potential therapeutic avenues in allosteric inhibitor development to target Sgk3 in cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pokorny, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Truebestein, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fleming, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burke, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leonard, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.13.439688</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In vitro reconstitution of Sgk3 activation by phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.04.14.439682v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Repression of CHROMOMETHYLASE 3 Prevents Epigenetic Collateral Damage in Arabidopsis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.04.14.439682v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
DNA methylation has evolved to silence mutagenic transposable elements (TEs) while typically avoiding the targeting of endogenous genes. Mechanisms that prevent DNA methyltransferases from ectopically methylating genes are expected to be of prime importance during periods of dynamic cell cycle activities including plant embryogenesis. However, virtually nothing is known regarding how DNA methyltransferase activities are precisely regulated during embryogenesis to prevent the induction of potentially deleterious and mitotically stable genic epimutations. Here, we report that microRNA-mediated repression of CHROMOMETHYLASE 3 (CMT3) and the chromatin features that CMT3 prefers help prevent ectopic methylation of thousands of genes during embryogenesis that can persist for weeks afterwards. Moreover, CMT3-induced ectopic methylation of genes undergoing transcriptional activation can reduce their corresponding transcript levels. Therefore, the repression of CMT3 prevents epigenetic collateral damage on endogenous genes. We also provide a model that may help reconcile conflicting viewpoints regarding the functions of gene-body methylation that occurs in nearly all flowering plants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Papareddy, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paldi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smolka, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hüther, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nodine, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.14.439682</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Repression of CHROMOMETHYLASE 3 Prevents Epigenetic Collateral Damage in Arabidopsis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.04.18.440256v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sperm membrane proteins DCST1 and DCST2 are required for the sperm-egg fusion process in mice and fish 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.04.18.440256v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The process of sperm-egg fusion is critical for successful fertilization, yet the underlying mechanisms that regulate these steps have remained unclear in vertebrates. Here, we show that both mouse and zebrafish DCST1 and DCST2 are necessary in sperm to fertilize the egg, similar to their orthologs SPE-42 and SPE-49 in C. elegans and Sneaky in D. melanogaster. Mouse Dcst1 and Dcst2 single knockout (KO) spermatozoa are able to undergo the acrosome reaction and show normal relocalization of IZUMO1, an essential factor for sperm-egg fusion, to the equatorial segment. While both single KO spermatozoa can bind to the oolemma, they rarely fuse with oocytes, resulting in male sterility. Similar to mice, zebrafish dcst1 KO males are subfertile and dcst2 and dcst1/2 double KO males are sterile. Zebrafish dcst1/2 KO spermatozoa are motile and can approach the egg, but rarely bind to the oolemma. These data demonstrate that DCST1/2 are essential for male fertility in two vertebrate species, highlighting their crucial role as conserved factors in fertilization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Noda, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blaha, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fujihara, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gert, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emori, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deneke, V. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oura, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berent, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kodani, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panser, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cabrera-Quio, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pauli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ikawa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.18.440256</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sperm membrane proteins DCST1 and DCST2 are required for the sperm-egg fusion process in mice and fish]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.04.16.440114v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Two light sensors decode moonlight versus sunlight to adjust a plastic circadian/circalunidian clock to moon phase 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.04.16.440114v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many species synchronize their physiology and behavior to specific hours. It is commonly assumed that sunlight acts as the main entrainment signal for ~24h clocks. However, the moon provides similarly regular time information, and increasingly studies report correlations between diel behavior and lunidian cycles. Yet, mechanistic insight into the possible influences of the moon on ~24hr timers is scarce.

We studied Platynereis dumerilii and uncover that the moon, besides its role in monthly timing, also schedules the exact hour of nocturnal swarming onset to the nights darkest times. Moonlight adjusts a plastic clock, exhibiting <24h (moonlit) or >24h (no moon) periodicity. Abundance, light sensitivity, and genetic requirement indicate Platynereis r-Opsin1 as receptor to determine moonrise, while the cryptochrome L-Cry is required to discriminate between moon- and sunlight valence. Comparative experiments in Drosophila suggest that Cryptochromes requirement for light valence interpretation is conserved. Its exact biochemical properties differ, however, between species with dissimilar timing ecology.

Our work advances the molecular understanding of lunar impact on fundamental rhythmic processes, including those of marine mass spawners endangered by anthropogenic change.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zurl, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poehn, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rieger, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishnan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rokvic, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajan, V. B. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerrard, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlichting, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orel, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lucas, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolf, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helfrich-Foerster, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raible, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tessmar-Raible, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.16.440114</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Two light sensors decode moonlight versus sunlight to adjust a plastic circadian/circalunidian clock to moon phase]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.04.16.439809v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Cryptochrome adopts distinct moon- and sunlight states and functions as moonlight interpreter in monthly oscillator entrainment 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.04.16.439809v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The moons monthly cycle synchronizes reproduction in countless marine organisms. The mass-spawning bristle worm Platynereis dumerilii uses an endogenous monthly oscillator to phase reproduction to specific days. Classical work showed that this oscillator is set by full moon. But how do organisms recognize such a specific moon phase? We uncover that the light receptor L-Cryptochrome (L-Cry) is able to discriminate between different moonlight durations, as well as between sun- and moonlight. Consistent with L-Crys function as light valence interpreter, its genetic loss leads to a faster re-entrainment under artificially strong nocturnal light. This suggests that L-Cry blocks "wrong" light from impacting on the monthly oscillator. A biochemical characterization of purified L-Cry protein, exposed to naturalistic sun- or moonlight, reveals the formation of distinct sun- and moonlight states characterized by different photoreduction- and recovery kinetics of L-Crys co-factor Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide. In vivo, L-Crys sun-versus moonlight states correlate with distinct sub-cellular localizations, indicating different signalling. In contrast, r-Opsin1, the most abundant ocular opsin, is not required for monthly oscillator entrainment. Our work reveals a new concept for correct moonlight interpretation involving a "valence interpreter" that provides entraining photoreceptor(s) with light source and moon phase information. These findings advance our mechanistic understanding of a fundamental biological phenomenon: moon-controlled monthly timing. Such level of understanding is also an essential prerequisite to tackle anthropogenic threats on marine ecology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Poehn, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishnan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zurl, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coric, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rokvic, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arboleda, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orel, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raible, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolf, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tessmar-Raible, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.16.439809</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Cryptochrome adopts distinct moon- and sunlight states and functions as moonlight interpreter in monthly oscillator entrainment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.04.18.440342v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Principles of mRNA targeting and regulation via the Arabidopsis m6A-binding proteins ECT2 and ECT3 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.04.18.440342v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Specific recognition of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in mRNA by RNA-binding proteins containing a YT521-B homology (YTH) domain is important in eukaryotic gene regulation. The Arabidopsis YTH-domain protein ECT2 is thought to bind to mRNA at URU(m6A)Y sites, yet RR(m6A)CH is the canonical m6A consensus site in all eukaryotes and ECT2 functions require m6A binding activity. Here, we apply iCLIP (individual-nucleotide resolution cross-linking and immunoprecipitation) and HyperTRIBE (targets of RNA-binding proteins identified by editing) to define high-quality target sets of ECT2, and analyze the patterns of enriched sequence motifs around ECT2 crosslink sites. Our analyses show that ECT2 does in fact bind to RR(m6A)CH. Pyrimidine-rich motifs are enriched around, but not at m6A-sites, reflecting a preference for N6-adenosine methylation of RRACH/GGAU islands in pyrimidine-rich regions. Such motifs, particularly oligo-U and UNUNU upstream of m6A sites, are also implicated in ECT2 binding via its intrinsically disordered region (IDR). Finally, URUAY-type motifs are enriched at ECT2 crosslink sites, but their distinct properties suggest function as sites of competition between binding of ECT2 and as yet unidentified RNA-binding proteins. Our study provides coherence between genetic and molecular studies of m6A-YTH function in plants, and reveals new insight into the mode of RNA recognition by YTH-domain-containing proteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brodersen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arribas-Hernandez, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rennie, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Staiger, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koester, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewinski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porcelli, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersson, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nodine, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Enugutti, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.18.440342</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Principles of mRNA targeting and regulation via the Arabidopsis m6A-binding proteins ECT2 and ECT3]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.04.26.441470v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The receptor kinase SRF3 coordinates iron-level and flagellin dependent defense and growth responses in plants 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.04.26.441470v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Iron is critical for host-pathogen interactions. While pathogens seek to scavenge iron to spread, the host aims at decreasing iron availability to reduce pathogen virulence. Thus, iron sensing and homeostasis are of particular importance to prevent host infection and part of nutritional immunity. While the link between iron homeostasis and immunity pathways is well established in plants, how iron levels are sensed and integrated with immune response pathways remain unknown. We identified a receptor kinase, SRF3 coordinating root growth, iron homeostasis and immunity pathways via regulation of callose synthase activity. These processes are modulated by iron levels and rely on SRF3 extracellular and kinase domain which tune its accumulation and partitioning at the cell surface. Mimicking bacterial elicitation with the flagellin peptide flg22 phenocopies SRF3 regulation upon low iron levels and subsequent SRF3-dependent responses. We propose that SRF3 is part of nutritional immunity responses involved in sensing external iron levels.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Platre, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satbhai, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brent, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gleason, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grison, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glavier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaillochet, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goeschl, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giovanetti, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Enugutti, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>von Reth, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alcazar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parker, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vert, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bayer, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Busch, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.26.441470</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The receptor kinase SRF3 coordinates iron-level and flagellin dependent defense and growth responses in plants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.04.25.441307v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NMR structures and functional roles of two related chitin-binding domains of a lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase from Cellvibrio japonicus 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.04.25.441307v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Among the extensive repertoire of carbohydrate-active enzymes, lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) have a key role in recalcitrant biomass degradation. LPMOs are copper-dependent enzymes that catalyze oxidative cleavage of glycosidic bonds in polysaccharides such as cellulose and chitin. Several LPMOs contain carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) that are known to promote LPMO efficiency. Still, structural and functional properties of some of these CBMs remain unknown and it is not clear why some LPMOs, like CjLPMO10A from Cellvibrio japonicus, have two CBMs (CjCBM5 and CjCBM73). Here, we studied substrate binding by these two CBMs to shine light on the functional variation, and determined the solution structures of both by NMR, which includes the first structure of a member of the CBM73 family. Chitin-binding experiments and molecular dynamics simulations showed that, while both CBMs bind crystalline chitin with Kd values in the {micro}M range, CjCBM73 has higher affinity than CjCBM5. Furthermore, NMR titration experiments showed that CjCBM5 binds soluble chitohexaose, whereas no binding to soluble chitin was detected for CjCBM73. These functional differences correlated with distinctly different architectures of the substrate-binding surfaces of the two CBMs. Taken together, these results provide insight into natural variation among related chitin-binding CBMs and the possible functional implications of such variation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Madland, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forsberg, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindorff-Larsen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niebisch, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Modregger, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eijsink, V. G. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aachmann, F. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Courtade, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.25.441307</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NMR structures and functional roles of two related chitin-binding domains of a lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase from Cellvibrio japonicus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.05.02.442348v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The sperm protein SPACA4 is required for efficient fertilization in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.05.02.442348v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fertilization is the fundamental process that initiates the development of a new individual in all sexually reproducing species. Despite its importance, our understanding of the molecular players that govern mammalian sperm-egg interaction is incomplete, partly because many of the essential factors found in non-mammalian species do not have obvious mammalian homologs. We have recently identified the Ly6/uPAR protein Bouncer as a new, essential fertilization factor in zebrafish (Herberg et al., 2018). Here, we show that Bouncers homolog in mammals, SPACA4, is also required for efficient fertilization in mice. In contrast to fish, where Bouncer is expressed specifically in the egg, SPACA4 is expressed exclusively in the sperm. Male knockout mice are severely sub-fertile, and sperm lacking SPACA4 fail to fertilize wild-type eggs in vitro. Interestingly, removal of the zona pellucida rescues the fertilization defect of Spaca4-deficient sperm in vitro, indicating that SPACA4 is not required for the interaction of sperm and the oolemma but rather of sperm and zona pellucida. Our work identifies SPACA4 as an important sperm protein necessary for zona pellucida penetration during mammalian fertilization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Herberg, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fujihara, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blaha, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panser, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kobayashi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larasati, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novatchkova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Theussl, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olszanska, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ikawa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pauli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.02.442348</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The sperm protein SPACA4 is required for efficient fertilization in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.05.10.443411v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF213 employs a non-canonical zinc finger active site and is allosterically regulated by ATP 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.05.10.443411v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RNF213 is a giant E3 ubiquitin ligase and a major susceptibility factor of Moyamoya disease, a cerebrovascular disorder that can result in stroke or death. In the cell, RNF213 is involved in lipid droplet formation, lipotoxicity, hypoxia, and NF-{kappa}B signaling, but its exact function in these processes is unclear. Structural characterization has revealed the presence of a dynein- like ATPase module and an unprecedented but poorly understood E3 module. Here, we demonstrate that RNF213 E3 activity is dependent on ATP binding, rather than ATP hydrolysis, and is particularly responsive to the ATP/ADP/AMP ratio. Biochemical and activity-based probe analyses identify a non-canonical zinc finger domain as the E3 active site, which utilizes the strictly conserved Cys4462, not involved in zinc coordination, as the reactive nucleophile. The cryo-EM structure of the trapped RNF213:E2[~]Ub intermediate reveals RNF213 C-terminal domain as the E2 docking site, which positions the ubiquitin-loaded E2 proximal to the catalytic zinc finger, facilitating nucleophilic attack of Cys4462 on the E2[~]Ub thioester. Our findings show that RNF213 represents an undescribed type of a transthiolation E3 enzyme and is regulated by adenine nucleotide concentration via its ATPase core, possibly allowing it to react to changing metabolic conditions in the cell.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ahel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fletcher, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grabarczyk, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roitinger, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deszcz, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lehner, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Virdee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clausen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.10.443411</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF213 employs a non-canonical zinc finger active site and is allosterically regulated by ATP]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.05.09.443220v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SCON - A Short Conditional intrON for conditional knockout with one-step zygote injection 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.05.09.443220v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The generation of conditional alleles using CRISPR technology is still challenging. Here, we introduce a Short Conditional intrON (SCON, 189 bp) that enables rapid generation of conditional alleles via one-step zygote injection. SCON has conditional intronic function in various vertebrate species and its target insertion is as simple as CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene tagging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.-H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szep-Bakonyi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colozza, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boese, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gert, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hallay, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pilat-Carotta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Theussl, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pauli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koo, B.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.09.443220</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SCON - A Short Conditional intrON for conditional knockout with one-step zygote injection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.05.17.444137v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A quantitative map of nuclear pore assembly reveals two distinct mechanisms 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.05.17.444137v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding how the nuclear pore complex (NPC) assembles is of fundamental importance to grasp the mechanisms behind its essential function and understand its role during evolution of eukaryotes1-4. While at least two NPC assembly pathways exist, one during exit from mitosis and one during nuclear growth in interphase, we currently lack a quantitative map of the molecular assembly events. Here, we use fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) calibrated live imaging of endogenously fluorescently-tagged nucleoporins to map the changes in composition and stoichiometry of seven major modules of the human NPC during its assembly in single dividing cells. This systematic quantitative map reveals that the two assembly pathways employ strikingly different molecular mechanisms, inverting the order of addition of two large structural components, the central ring complex and nuclear filaments. The dynamic stoichiometry data underpinned integrative spatiotemporal modeling of the NPC assembly pathway, predicting the structures of postmitotic NPC assembly intermediates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Otsuka, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tempkin, J. O. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Politi, A. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rybina, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hossain, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kueblbeck, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Callegari, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koch, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sali, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellenberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.17.444137</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A quantitative map of nuclear pore assembly reveals two distinct mechanisms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.04.133512v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A RIF1 and KAP1-based, double-bookmarking system generates a toggle switch that stabilises the identities of the active and inactive X chromosomes during random X inactivation in mouse 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.04.133512v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The onset of random X inactivation in mouse requires the switch from a symmetric to an asymmetric state, where the identities of the future inactive and active X chromosomes are assigned. Here we show that RIF1 and KAP1 are two fundamental factors for the definition of the asymmetry. Our data show that at the onset of mESC differentiation, upregulation of the long non-coding RNA Tsix weakens the symmetric RIF1 association with the Xist promoter, and opens a window of opportunity for a more stable association of KAP1. KAP1 is required to sustain high levels of Tsix, thus reinforcing and propagating the asymmetry, and, as a result, marking the future active X chromosome. Furthermore, we show that RIF1 association with the future inactive X chromosome is essential for Xist upregulation. This double-bookmarking system, based on the mutually exclusive relationships of Tsix and RIF1, and RIF1 and KAP1, thus coordinates the identification of the inactive and active X chromosomes and initiates a self-sustaining loop that transforms an initially stochastic event into a stably inherited asymmetric X chromosome state.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Enervald, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foti, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Powell, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piszczek, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buonomo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.04.133512</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A RIF1 and KAP1-based, double-bookmarking system generates a toggle switch that stabilises the identities of the active and inactive X chromosomes during random X inactivation in mouse]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.05.26.445899v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microtubules Promote the Non-cell Autonomy of MicroRNAs by Inhibiting their Cytoplasmic Loading into ARGONAUTE1 in Arabidopsis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.05.26.445899v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mobile microRNAs (miRNAs) serve as local and long-distance signals in developmental patterning and stress responses in plants. However, mechanisms governing the non-cell autonomous activities of miRNAs remain elusive. Here, we show that mutations that disrupt microtubule dynamics are specifically defective for the non-cell autonomous actions of mobile miRNAs, including miR165/6 that is produced in the endodermis and moves to the vasculature to pattern xylem cell fates in Arabidopsis roots. We show that KTN1, a subunit of a microtubule-severing enzyme, is required in source and intermediary cells to inhibit the loading of miR165/6 into ARGONUATE1 (AGO1), which is cell-autonomous, to enable the miRNA"s cell exit. Microtubule disruption enhances the association of miR165/6 with AGO1 in the cytosol. These findings suggest that, while cell-autonomous miRNAs load into AGO1 in the nucleus, cytoplasmic AGO1 loading of mobile miRNAs is a key step regulated by microtubules to promote the range of miRNA"s cell-to-cell movement.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakajima, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.26.445899</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microtubules Promote the Non-cell Autonomy of MicroRNAs by Inhibiting their Cytoplasmic Loading into ARGONAUTE1 in Arabidopsis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.05.29.446276v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DNA replication timing directly regulates the frequency of oncogenic chromosomal translocations 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.05.29.446276v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromosomal translocations result from the joining of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and frequently cause cancer. Yet, the steps linking DSB formation to DSB ligation remain undeciphered. We report that DNA replication timing (RT), mediated by replication origin activity, directly regulates the genesis of lymphomagenic Myc translocations during antibody maturation in B cells. Reduced levels of the replicative helicase, the minichromosome-maintenance (MCM) complex, decreases translocations and globally abrogates the RT program. Ablating a single replication origin at Myc causes an early-to-late RT switch with major loss of translocations, a phenotype that is reversed by restoring early RT. Finally, this novel RT-regulated mechanism occurs after DSB formation and independently of DSB frequency. Thus, RT constitutes a distinct regulatory event in translocation biogenesis linking DSB formation to DSB ligation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Peycheva, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neumann, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malzl, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nazarova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schoeberl, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pavri, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.29.446276</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DNA replication timing directly regulates the frequency of oncogenic chromosomal translocations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.05.29.446196v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell-autonomous generation of the wave pattern within the vertebrate segmentation clock 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.05.29.446196v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rhythmic and sequential segmentation of the growing vertebrate body relies on the segmentation clock, a multi-cellular oscillating genetic network. The clock is visible as tissue-level kinematic waves of gene expression that travel through the pre-somitic mesoderm (PSM) and arrest at the position of each forming segment. Here we test how this hallmark wave pattern is driven by culturing single maturing PSM cells. We compare their cell-autonomous oscillatory and arrest dynamics to those we observe in the embryo at cellular resolution, finding similarity in the relative slowing of oscillations and arrest in concert with differentiation. This shows that cell-extrinsic signals are not required by the cells to instruct the developmental program underlying the wave pattern. We show that a cell-autonomous timing activity initiates during cell exit from the tailbud, then runs down in the anterior-ward cell flow in the PSM, thereby using elapsed time to provide positional information to the clock. Exogenous FGF lengthens the duration of the cell-intrinsic timer, indicating extrinsic factors in the embryo may regulate the segmentation clock via the timer. In sum, our work suggests that a noisy cell-autonomous, intrinsic timer drives the slowing and arrest of oscillations underlying the wave pattern, while extrinsic factors in the embryo tune this timers duration and precision. This is a new insight into the balance of cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic mechanisms driving tissue patterning in development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rohde, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bercowsky-Rama, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Negrete, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valentin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naganathan, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desai, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strnad, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soroldoni, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Julicher, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oates, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.29.446196</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell-autonomous generation of the wave pattern within the vertebrate segmentation clock]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.06.09.447781v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BacPROTACs mediate targeted protein degradation in bacteria 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.06.09.447781v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hijacking the cellular protein degradation system offers unique opportunities for drug discovery, as exemplified by proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs). Despite their superior properties over classical inhibitors, it has so far not been possible to reprogram the bacterial degradation machinery to interfere with microbial infections. Here, we develop small-molecule degraders, so-called BacPROTACs, that bind to the substrate receptor of the ClpC:ClpP protease, priming neo-substrates for degradation. In addition to their targeting function, BacPROTACs activate ClpC, transforming the resting unfoldase into its functional state. The induced higher-order oligomer was visualized by cryo-EM analysis, providing a structural snapshot of activated ClpC unfolding a protein substrate. Finally, degradation assays performed in mycobacteria demonstrate in vivo activity of BacPROTACs, highlighting the potential of the technology to provide next generation antibiotics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Morreale, F. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleine, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leodolter, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ovchinnikov, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kley, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurzbauer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoi, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meinhart, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartl, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haselbach, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaiser, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clausen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.09.447781</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BacPROTACs mediate targeted protein degradation in bacteria]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.06.25.449940v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional diversification gave rise to allelic specialization in a rice NLR immune receptor pair 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.06.25.449940v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cooperation between receptors from the NLR superfamily is important for intracellular activation of immune responses. NLRs can function in pairs that, upon pathogen recognition, trigger hypersensitive cell death and stop pathogen invasion. Natural selection drives specialization of host immune receptors towards an optimal response, whilst keeping a tight regulation of immunity in the absence of pathogens. However, the molecular basis of co-adaptation and specialization between paired NLRs remains largely unknown. Here, we describe functional specialization in alleles of the rice NLR pair Pik that confers resistance to strains of the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae harbouring AVR-Pik effectors. We revealed that matching pairs of allelic Pik NLRs mount effective immune responses whereas mismatched pairs lead to autoimmune phenotypes, a hallmark of hybrid necrosis in both natural and domesticated plant populations. We further showed that allelic specialization is largely underpinned by a single amino acid polymorphism that determines preferential association between matching pairs of Pik NLRs. These results provide a framework for how functionally linked immune receptors undergo co-adaptation to provide an effective and regulated immune response against pathogens. Understanding the molecular constraints that shape paired NLR evolution has implications beyond plant immunity given that hybrid necrosis can drive reproductive isolation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>De la Concepcion, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benjumea, J. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bialas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Terauchi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamoun, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banfield, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.25.449940</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional diversification gave rise to allelic specialization in a rice NLR immune receptor pair]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.06.29.450179v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Innate, translation-dependent silencing of an invasive transposon in Arabidopsis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.06.29.450179v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Co-evolution between hosts and parasites genomes shapes diverse pathways of acquired immunity based on silencing small (s)RNAs. In plants, sRNAs cause heterochromatinization, sequence-degeneration and, ultimately, loss-of-autonomy of most transposable elements (TEs). Recognition of newly-invasive plant TEs, by contrast, involves an innate antiviral-like silencing response. To investigate this responses activation, we studied the single-copy element EVADE (EVD), one of few representatives of the large Ty1/Copia family able to proliferate in Arabidopsis when epigenetically-reactivated. In Ty1/Copia-elements, a short subgenomic mRNA (shGAG) provides the necessary excess of structural GAG protein over the catalytic components encoded by the full-length genomic flGAG-POL. We show here that the predominant cytosolic distribution of shGAG strongly favors its translation over mostly-nuclear flGAG-POL, during which an unusually intense ribosomal stalling event coincides precisely with the starting-point of sRNA production exclusively on shGAG. mRNA breakage occurring at this starting-point yields unconventional 5OH RNA fragments that evade RNA-quality-control and concomitantly likely stimulate RNA-DEPENDENT-RNA-POLYMERASE-6 (RDR6) to initiate sRNA production. This hitherto-unrecognized "translation-dependent silencing" (TdS) is independent of codon-usage or GC-content and is not observed on TE remnants populating the Arabidopsis genome, consistent with their poor association, if any, with polysomes. We propose that TdS forms a primal defense against de novo invasive TEs that underlies their associated sRNA patterns.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Oberlin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajeswaran, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trasser, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barragan-Borrero, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schon, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plotnikova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loncsek, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nodine, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mari-Ordonez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voinnet, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.29.450179</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Innate, translation-dependent silencing of an invasive transposon in Arabidopsis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.06.28.449463v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ZFP462 targets heterochromatin to transposon-derived enhancers restricting transcription factor binding and expression of lineage-specifying genes 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.06.28.449463v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ZNF462 haploinsufficiency is linked to Weiss-Kruszka Syndrome, a genetic disorder characterized by a range of neurodevelopmental defects including Autism. Though it is highly conserved in vertebrates and essential for embryonic development the molecular functions of ZNF462 are unclear. We identified its murine homolog ZFP462 in a screen for epigenetic gene silencing in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Here, we show ZFP462 safeguards neural lineage specification by targeting the H3K9-specific histone methyltransferase complex G9A/GLP to mediate epigenetic silencing of endodermal genes. ZFP462 binds to thousands of transposable elements (TEs) that harbor ESC- and endoderm-specific transcription factor (TF) binding sites and act as enhancers. Through physical interaction with G9A/GLP, ZFP462 seeds heterochromatin at TE-derived enhancers restricting the binding of core pluripotency TFs OCT4 and SOX2. Loss of ZFP462 in ESCs results in increased chromatin accessibility at target sites and ectopic expression of endodermal genes. Taken together, ZFP462 restricts TF binding and subsequent endodermspecific gene activation by conferring lineage and locus-specificity to the broadly expressed epigenetic regulator G9A/GLP. Our results suggest that aberrant activation of endodermal genes in the neuronal lineage underlies ZNF462-associated neurodevelopmental pathology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yelagandula, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stecher, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novatchkova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michetti, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michlits, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hofbauer, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pribitzer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vainorius, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isbel, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendjan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schubeler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elling, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brennecke, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bell, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.28.449463</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ZFP462 targets heterochromatin to transposon-derived enhancers restricting transcription factor binding and expression of lineage-specifying genes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.06.29.450424v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A genetic toolkit for studying transposon control in the Drosophila melanogaster ovary 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.06.29.450424v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Argonaute proteins of the PIWI class complexed with PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) protect the animal germline genome by silencing transposable elements. One of the leading experimental systems for studying piRNA biology is the Drosophila melanogaster ovary. In addition to classical mutagenesis, transgenic RNA interference (RNAi), which enables tissue-specific silencing of gene expression, plays a central role in piRNA research. Here, we establish a versatile toolkit focused on piRNA biology that combines germline transgenic RNAi, GFP marker lines for key proteins of the piRNA pathway, and reporter transgenes to establish genetic hierarchies. We compare constitutive, pan-germline RNAi with an equally potent transgenic RNAi system that is activated only after germ cell cyst formation. Stage-specific RNAi allows us to investigate the role of genes essential for germline cell survival, for example nuclear RNA export or the SUMOylation pathway, in piRNA-dependent and independent transposon silencing. Our work forms the basis for an expandable genetic toolkit provided by the Vienna Drosophila Resource Center.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brennecke, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>ElMaghraby, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laszlo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Senti, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meixner, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.29.450424</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A genetic toolkit for studying transposon control in the Drosophila melanogaster ovary]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.07.05.450834v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A chromatin phase transition protects mitotic chromosomes against microtubule perforation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.07.05.450834v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dividing eukaryotic cells package extremely long chromosomal DNA molecules into discrete bodies to enable microtubule-mediated transport of one genome copy to each of the newly forming daughter cells1-3. Assembly of mitotic chromosomes involves DNA looping by condensin4-8 and chromatin compaction by global histone deacetylation9-13. While condensin confers mechanical resistance towards spindle pulling forces14-16, it is not known how histone deacetylation affects material properties and segregation mechanics of mitotic chromosomes. Here, we show how global histone deacetylation at the onset of mitosis induces a chromatin-intrinsic phase transition that endows chromosomes with specific characteristics necessary for their precise movement during cellular division. Deacetylation-mediated compaction of chromatin forms a structure dense in negative charge and allows mitotic chromosomes to resist perforation by microtubules as they are pushed to the metaphase plate. Hyperacetylated mitotic chromosomes lack a defined surface boundary, are frequently perforated by microtubules, and are prone to missegregation. Our study highlights the different contributions of DNA loop formation and chromatin-intrinsic phase separation to genome segregation in dividing cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schneider, M. W. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibson, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Otsuka, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spicer, M. F. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petrovic, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blaukopf, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Langer, C. C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doolittle, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosen, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerlich, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.05.450834</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A chromatin phase transition protects mitotic chromosomes against microtubule perforation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.07.11.451954v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular architecture of the human tRNA ligase complex 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.07.11.451954v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RtcB enzymes are RNA ligases that play essential roles in tRNA splicing, unfolded protein response, and RNA repair. In metazoa, RtcB functions as part of a five-subunit tRNA ligase complex (tRNA-LC) along with Ddx1, Cgi-99, Fam98B and Ashwin. The human tRNA-LC or its individual subunits have been implicated in additional cellular processes including microRNA maturation, viral replication, DNA double-strand break repair and mRNA transport. Here we present a biochemical analysis of the inter-subunit interactions within the human tRNA-LC along with crystal structures of the catalytic subunit RTCB and the N-terminal domain of CGI-99. We show that the core of the human tRNA-LC is assembled from RTCB and the C-terminal alpha-helical regions of DDX1, CGI-99, and FAM98B, all of which are required for complex integrity. The N-terminal domain of CGI-99 displays structural homology to calponin-homology domains, and CGI-99 and FAM98B associate via their N-terminal domains to form a stable subcomplex. The crystal structure of GMP-bound RTCB reveals divalent metal coordination geometry in the active site, providing insights into its catalytic mechanism. Collectively, these findings shed light on the molecular architecture and mechanism of the human tRNA ligase complex, and provide a structural framework for understanding its functions in cellular RNA metabolism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kroupova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ackle, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boneberg, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chui, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weitzer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leitner, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aebersold, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jinek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.11.451954</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular architecture of the human tRNA ligase complex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.07.15.452501v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SMC complexes can traverse physical roadblocks bigger than their ring size 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.07.15.452501v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ring-shaped structural-maintenance-of-chromosomes (SMC) complexes condensin and cohesin extrude loops of DNA as a key motif in chromosome organization. It remains, how ever, unclear how these SMC motor proteins can extrude DNA loops in chromatin that is bound with proteins. Here, using in vitro single-molecule visualization, we show that nucleosomes, RNA polymerase, and dCas9 pose virtually no barrier to DNA loop extrusion by yeast condensin. Strikingly, we find that even DNA-bound nanoparticles as large as 200 nm, much bigger than the SMC ring size, can be translocated into DNA loops during condensin-driven extrusion. Similarly, human cohesin can pass 200 nm particles during loop extrusion, which even occurs for a single-chain version of cohesin in which the ring-forming subunits are covalently linked and cannot open up to entrap DNA. These findings disqualify all common loop-extrusion models where DNA passes through the SMC rings (pseudo)topologically, and instead point to a nontopological mechanism for DNA loop extrusion.

One-sentence summaryHuge DNA-bound roadblocks can be incorporated into SMC-extruded DNA loops, pointing to a nontopological mechanism for loop extrusion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pradhan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barth, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, I. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bauer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Laar, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryu, J.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Torre, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dekker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.15.452501</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SMC complexes can traverse physical roadblocks bigger than their ring size]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.07.30.454478v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chromosome-level Thlaspi arvense genome provides new tools for translational research and for a newly domesticated cash cover crop of the cooler climates 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.07.30.454478v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Thlaspi arvense (field pennycress) is being domesticated as a winter annual oilseed crop capable of improving ecosystems and intensifying agricultural productivity without increasing land use. It is a selfing diploid with a short life cycle and is amenable to genetic manipulations, making it an accessible field-based model species for genetics and epigenetics. The availability of a high quality reference genome is vital for understanding pennycress physiology and for clarifying its evolutionary history within the Brassicaceae. Here, we present a chromosome-level genome assembly of var. MN106-Ref with improved gene annotation, and use it to investigate gene structure differences between two accessions (MN108 and Spring32-10) that are highly amenable to genetic transformation. We describe small RNAs, pseudogenes, and transposable elements, and highlight tissue specific expression and methylation patterns. Resequencing of forty wild accessions provides insights into genome-wide genetic variation as well as QTL regions for flowering time and a seedling color phenotype. Altogether, these data will serve as a tool for pennycress improvement in general and for translational research across the Brassicaceae.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nunn, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez-Arevalo, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tandukar, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frels, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Contreras-Garrido, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carbonell-Bejerano, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramos-Cruz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jandrasits, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lanz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brusa, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirouze, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorn, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jarvis, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sedbrook, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wyse, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Otto, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Langenberger, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stadler, P. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weigel, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marks, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chopra, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.30.454478</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chromosome-level Thlaspi arvense genome provides new tools for translational research and for a newly domesticated cash cover crop of the cooler climates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.07.27.453956v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A SUMO-dependent regulatory switch connects the piRNA pathway to the heterochromatin machinery in Drosophila 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.07.27.453956v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nuclear Argonaute proteins, guided by small RNAs, mediate sequence-specific heterochromatin formation. The molecular principles that link Argonaute-small RNA complexes to cellular heterochromatin effectors upon binding to nascent target RNAs are poorly understood. Here, we elucidate the mechanism by which the PIWI interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway connects to the heterochromatin machinery in Drosophila. Piwi-mediated stabilization of the corepressor complex SFiNX on chromatin leads to SUMOylation of its subunit Panoramix. SUMOylation, together with an amphipathic LxxLL motif in Panoramixs intrinsically disordered repressor domain, are necessary and sufficient to recruit small ovary (Sov), a multi-zinc finger protein essential for general heterochromatin formation and viability. Structure-guided mutations that abrogate the Panoramix-Sov interaction or that prevent SUMOylation of Panoramix uncouple Sov from the piRNA pathway, resulting in viable but sterile flies in which Piwi-targeted transposons are derepressed. Thus, by coupling recruitment of a corepressor to nascent transcripts with its SUMOylation, Piwi engages the heterochromatin machinery specifically at transposon loci.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Andreev, V. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schnabl, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tirian, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gehre, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Handler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duchek, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novatchkova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baumgartner, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meixner, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sienski, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brennecke, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.27.453956</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A SUMO-dependent regulatory switch connects the piRNA pathway to the heterochromatin machinery in Drosophila]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.08.02.453806v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The CHK-2 antagonizing phosphatase PPM-1.D regulates meiotic entry via catalytic and non-catalytic activities 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.08.02.453806v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The transition from the stem cell/progenitor fate to meiosis is mediated by several redundant post-transcriptional regulatory pathways in C. elegans. Interfering with all three branches causes tumorous germlines. SCFPROM-1 comprises one branch and mediates a scheduled degradation step at entry into meiosis. prom-1 mutants show defects in timely initiation of events of meiotic prophase I, resulting in high rates of embryonic lethality. Here, we identify the phosphatase PPM-1.D/Wip1 as crucial substrate for PROM-1. We report that PPM-1.D antagonizes CHK-2 kinase, a key regulator for meiotic prophase initiation e.g., DNA double strand breaks, chromosome pairing and synaptonemal complex formation. We propose that PPM-1.D controls the amount of active CHK-2 by both catalytic and non-catalytic activities, where strikingly the non-catalytic regulation seems to be crucial at meiotic entry. PPM-1.D sequesters CHK-2 at the nuclear periphery and programmed SCFPROM-1 mediated degradation of PPM-1.D liberates the kinase and promotes meiotic entry.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Baudrimont, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paouneskou, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohammad, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lichtenberger, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blundon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartl, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Falk, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schedl, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jantsch, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.02.453806</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The CHK-2 antagonizing phosphatase PPM-1.D regulates meiotic entry via catalytic and non-catalytic activities]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.08.01.454660v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Arabidopsis m6A-binding proteins ECT2 and ECT3 bind largely overlapping mRNA target sets and influence target mRNA abundance, not alternative polyadenylation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.08.01.454660v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene regulation via N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in mRNA involves RNA-binding proteins that recognize m6A via a YT521-B homology (YTH) domain. The plant YTH domain proteins ECT2 and ECT3 act genetically redundantly in stimulating cell proliferation during organogenesis, but several fundamental questions regarding their mode of action remain unclear. Here, we use HyperTRIBE (targets of RNA-binding proteins identified by editing) to show that most ECT2 and ECT3 targets overlap, with only few examples of preferential targeting by either of the two proteins. HyperTRIBE in different mutant backgrounds also provides direct views of redundant and specific target interactions of the two proteins. We also show that contrary to conclusions of previous reports, ECT2 does not accumulate in the nucleus. Accordingly, inactivation of ECT2, ECT3 and their surrogate ECT4 does not change patterns of polyadenylation site choice in ECT2/3 target mRNAs, but does lead to lower steady state accumulation of target mRNAs. In addition, mRNA and microRNA expression profiles show indications of stress response activation in ect2/ect3/ect4 mutants, likely via indirect effects. Thus, previous suggestions of control of alternative polyadenylation by ECT2 are not supported by evidence, and ECT2 and ECT3 act largely redundantly to regulate target mRNA, including its abundance, in the cytoplasm.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brodersen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arribas-Hernandez, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rennie, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porcelli, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Enugutti, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersson, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nodine, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.01.454660</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Arabidopsis m6A-binding proteins ECT2 and ECT3 bind largely overlapping mRNA target sets and influence target mRNA abundance, not alternative polyadenylation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.08.08.455385v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Topological morphogenesis of neuroepithelial organoids 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.08.08.455385v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Animal organs exhibit complex topologies involving cavities and tubular networks, which underlie their form and function. However, how topology emerges during organ morphogenesis remains elusive. Here, we combine tissue reconstitution and quantitative microscopy to show that trans and cis epithelial fusion govern tissue topology and shape. These two modes of topological transitions can be regulated in neuroepithelial organoids, leading to divergent topologies. The morphological space can be captured by a single control parameter which is analogous to the reduced Gaussian rigidity of an epithelial surface. Finally, we identify a pharmacologically accessible pathway that regulates the frequency of trans and cis fusion, and demonstrate the control of organoid topology and shape. The physical principles uncovered here provide fundamental insights into the self-organization of complex tissues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ishihara, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukherjee, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gromberg, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brugues, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanaka, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Julicher, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.08.455385</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Topological morphogenesis of neuroepithelial organoids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.08.09.455606v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ACE2 is the critical in vivo receptor for SARS-CoV-2 in a novel COVID-19 mouse model with TNF- and IFNγ-driven immunopathology 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.08.09.455606v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite tremendous progress in the understanding of COVID-19, mechanistic insight into immunological, disease-driving factors remains limited. We generated maVie16, a mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2, by serial passaging of a human isolate. In silico modelling revealed how Spike mutations of maVie16 enhanced interaction with murine ACE2. MaVie16 induced profound pathology in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice and the resulting mouse COVID-19 (mCOVID-19) replicated critical aspects of human disease, including early lymphopenia, pulmonary immune cell infiltration, pneumonia and specific adaptive immunity. Inhibition of the proinflammatory cytokines IFN{gamma} and TNF substantially reduced immunopathology. Importantly, genetic ACE2-deficiency completely prevented mCOVID-19 development. Finally, inhalation therapy with recombinant ACE2 fully protected mice from mCOVID-19, revealing a novel and efficient treatment. Thus, we here present maVie16 as a new tool to model COVID-19 for the discovery of new therapies and show that disease severity is determined by cytokine-driven immunopathology and critically dependent on ACE2 in vivo.

Key pointsO_LIThe mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 strain maVie16 causes fatal disease in BALB/c mice and substantial inflammation, pneumonia and immunity in C57BL/6 mice
C_LIO_LITNF/IFN{gamma} blockade ameliorates maVie16-induced immunopathology
C_LIO_LIMaVie16 infection depends on ACE2 and soluble ACE2 inhalation can prevent disease
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gawish, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Starkl, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pimenov, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hladik, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lakovits, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oberndorfer, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cronin, S. J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ohradanova-Repic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wirnsberger, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agerer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Endler, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Capraz, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perthold, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagelkruys, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montserrat, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirazimi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boon, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stockinger, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergthaler, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oostenbrink, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penninger, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knapp, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.09.455606</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ACE2 is the critical in vivo receptor for SARS-CoV-2 in a novel COVID-19 mouse model with TNF- and IFNγ-driven immunopathology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.08.13.456228v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A diabetic milieu increases cellular susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infections in engineered human kidney organoids and diabetic patients 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.08.13.456228v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 infections lead to a high risk of hospitalization and mortality in diabetic patients. Why diabetic individuals are more prone to develop severe COVID-19 remains unclear. Here, we established a novel human kidney organoid model that mimics early hallmarks of diabetic nephropathy. High oscillatory glucose exposure resulted in metabolic changes, expansion of extracellular membrane components, gene expression changes determined by scRNAseq, and marked upregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Upon SARS-CoV-2 infection, hyperglycemic conditions lead to markedly higher viral loads in kidney organoids compared to normoglycemia. Genetic deletion of ACE2, but not of the candidate receptor BSG/CD147, in kidney organoids demonstrated the essential role of ACE2 in SARS-CoV-2 infections and completely prevented SARS-CoV-2 infection in the diabetogenic microenvironment. These data introduce a novel organoid model for diabetic kidney disease and show that diabetic-induced ACE2 licenses the diabetic kidney to enhanced SARS-CoV-2 replication.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Garreta, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prado, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stanifer, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monteil, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hurtado del Pozo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ullate-Agote, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vilas-Zornoza, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romero, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jonsson, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oria, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leopoldi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagelkrueys, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moya-Rull, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marco, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tarantino, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Domingo-Pedrol, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>HasanAli, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ventura-Aguiar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campistol, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prosper, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirazimi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boulant, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penninger, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montserrat, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.13.456228</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A diabetic milieu increases cellular susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infections in engineered human kidney organoids and diabetic patients]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.08.25.457734v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A quantitative mapping approach to identify direct interactions within complexomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.08.25.457734v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Complementary methods are required to fully characterize all protein complexes, or the complexome, of a cell. Affinity purification coupled to mass-spectrometry (AP-MS) can identify the composition of complexes at proteome-scale. However, information on direct contacts between subunits is often lacking. In contrast, solving the 3D structure of protein complexes can provide this information, but structural biology techniques are not yet scalable for systematic, proteome-wide efforts. Here, we optimally combine two orthogonal high-throughput binary interaction assays, LuTHy and N2H, and demonstrate that their quantitative readouts can be used to differentiate direct interactions from indirect associations within multiprotein complexes. We also show that LuTHy allows accurate distance measurements between proteins in live cells and apply these findings to study the impact of the polyglutamine expansion mutation on the structurally unresolved N-terminal domain of Huntingtin. Thus, we present a new framework based on quantitative interaction assays to complement structural biology and AP-MS techniques, which should help to provide first-approximation contact maps of multiprotein complexes at proteome-scale.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=132 SRC="FIGDIR/small/457734v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (25K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1cc7cf1org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1eed9borg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@8197b2org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@e5cb8_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Trepte, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Secker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olivet, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramos, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cassonnet, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golusik, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zenkner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beetz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sperling, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spirohn, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Twizere, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calderwood, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hill, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacob, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vidal, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wanker, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.25.457734</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A quantitative mapping approach to identify direct interactions within complexomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.08.31.458325v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure-guided glyco-engineering of ACE2 for improved potency as soluble SARS-CoV-2 decoy receptor 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.08.31.458325v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Infection and viral entry of SARS-CoV-2 crucially depends on the binding of its Spike protein to angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) presented on host cells. Glycosylation of both proteins is critical for this interaction. Recombinant soluble human ACE2 can neutralize SARS-CoV-2 and is currently undergoing clinical tests for the treatment of COVID-19. We used 3D structural models and molecular dynamics simulations to define the ACE2 N-glycans that critically influence Spike-ACE2 complex formation. Engineering of ACE2 N-glycosylation by site-directed mutagenesis or glycosidase treatment resulted in enhanced binding affinities and improved virus neutralization without notable deleterious effects on the structural stability and catalytic activity of the protein. Importantly, simultaneous removal of all accessible N-glycans from recombinant soluble human ACE2 yields a superior SARS-CoV-2 decoy receptor with promise as effective treatment for COVID-19 patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Capraz, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kienzl, N. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laurent, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perthold, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foederl-Hoebenreich, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruenwald-Gruber, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maresch, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monteil, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niederhoefer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wirnsberger, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirazimi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zatloukal, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mach, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penninger, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oostenbrink, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stadlmann, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.31.458325</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure-guided glyco-engineering of ACE2 for improved potency as soluble SARS-CoV-2 decoy receptor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.09.02.458763v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A high resolution single molecule sequencing-based Arabidopsis transcriptome using novel methods of Iso-seq analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.09.02.458763v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundAccurate and comprehensive annotation of transcript sequences is essential for transcript quantification and differential gene and transcript expression analysis. Single molecule long read sequencing technologies provide improved integrity of transcript structures including alternative splicing, and transcription start and polyadenylation sites. However, accuracy is significantly affected by sequencing errors, mRNA degradation or incomplete cDNA synthesis.

ResultsWe present a new and comprehensive Arabidopsis thaliana Reference Transcript Dataset 3 (AtRTD3). AtRTD3 contains over 160k transcripts - twice that of the best current Arabidopsis transcriptome and including over 1,500 novel genes. 79% of transcripts are from Iso-seq with accurately defined splice junctions and transcription start and end sites. We developed novel methods to determine splice junctions and transcription start and end sites accurately. Mis- match profiles around splice junctions provided a powerful feature to distinguish correct splice junctions and remove false splice junctions. Stratified approaches identified high confidence transcription start/end sites and removed fragmentary transcripts due to degradation. AtRTD3 is a major improvement over existing transcriptomes as demonstrated by analysis of an Arabidopsis cold response RNA-seq time-series. AtRTD3 provided higher resolution of transcript expression profiling and identified cold- and light-induced differential transcription start and polyadenylation site usage.

ConclusionsAtRTD3 is the most comprehensive Arabidopsis transcriptome currently available. It improves the precision of differential gene and transcript expression, differential alternative splicing, and transcription start/end site usage from RNA-seq data. The novel methods for identifying accurate splice junctions and transcription start/end sites are widely applicable and will improve single molecule sequencing analysis from any species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coulter, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calixto, C. P. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Entizne, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marquez, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milne, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riegler, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matsui, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanaka, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harvey, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yubang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiebner-Kroh, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crespi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Denby, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hur, A. b.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huq, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jantsch, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jarmolowski, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koester, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laubinger, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seki, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Staiger, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sunkar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szweykowska-Kulinska, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, S.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wachter, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waugh, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reddy, A. S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalyna, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.02.458763</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A high resolution single molecule sequencing-based Arabidopsis transcriptome using novel methods of Iso-seq analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.09.03.458853v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantitative accuracy and precision in multiplexed single-cell proteomics. 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.09.03.458853v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-cell proteomics workflows have considerably improved in sensitivity and reproducibility to characterize yet unknown biological phenomena. With the emergence of multiplexed single-cell proteomics, studies increasingly present single-cell measurements in conjunction with an abundant congruent carrier to improve precursor selection and enhance identifications. While these extreme carrier spikes are often >100-times more abundant than the investigated samples, undoubtedly the total ion current increases, but quantitative accuracy possibly is affected. We here focus on narrowly titrated carrier spikes (i.e., <20x) and assess their elimination for comparable sensitivity at superior accuracy. We find that subtle changes in the carrier ratio can severely impact measurement variability and describe alternative multiplexing strategies to evaluate data quality. Lastly, we demonstrate elevated replicate overlap while preserving acquisition throughput at improved quantitative accuracy with DIA-TMT and discuss optimized experimental designs for multiplexed proteomics of trace samples. This comprehensive benchmarking gives an overview of currently available techniques and guides conceptualizing the optimal single-cell proteomics experiment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ctortecka, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stejskal, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krssakova, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendjan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mechtler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.03.458853</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantitative accuracy and precision in multiplexed single-cell proteomics.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.09.08.458161v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intercellular crosstalk regulating ARRB2/RARRES1 is involved in transition from fibrosis to cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.09.08.458161v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Progressive fibrogenesis in chronic liver injury is often associated with cancer development. Beta-arrestin-2 (ARRB2) is a regulator of the profibrotic Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AGTR1). The role of ARRB2 in liver fibrosis and in the transition from fibrosis to cancer is not fully understood and was investigated in this study.

This study demonstrates that upregulation of the retinoic acid receptor responder 1 (RARRES1) in HSC mediated by ARRB2 leads to fibrosis. This process is driven by exosomal ARRB2 transfer to HSC, major fibrosis contributors, from injured hepatocytes, which highly express ARRB2. By contrast, downregulation of RARRES1 in hepatocytes induces malignant transformation and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Consequently, Arrb2-deficient mice show higher number and size of liver tumors than wild-type mice in a hepatocellular carcinoma model with fibrosis. The identified relationship between ARRB2 and RARRES1 was observed in at least two species, including human cells and tissues in fibrosis and HCC and has a predictive value for survival in cancer patients. This study describes the discovery of a novel molecular pathway mediating the transition from fibrosis to cancer offering potential diagnostics and therapeutics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schierwagen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dietrich, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heinzen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klein, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uschner, F. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ortiz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tyc, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torres, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hieber, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kraus, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Premont, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruenewald, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poisson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ratou, P.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kristiansen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gracia-Sancho, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poglitsch, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ludwig-Portugall, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walther, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trautwein, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdullah, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muench, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welsch, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeuzem, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moreau, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helllerbrand, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rombouts, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kastenmueller, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diehl, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trebicka, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.08.458161</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intercellular crosstalk regulating ARRB2/RARRES1 is involved in transition from fibrosis to cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.09.10.459744v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Clinical grade ACE2 as a universal agent to block SARS-CoV-2 variants 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.09.10.459744v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The recent emergence of multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants has caused considerable concern due to reduced vaccine efficacy and escape from neutralizing antibody therapeutics. It is therefore paramount to develop therapeutic strategies that inhibit all known and future SARS-CoV-2 variants. Here we report that all SARS-CoV-2 variants analyzed, including variants of concern (VOC) Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta, exhibit enhanced binding affinity to clinical grade and phase 2 tested recombinant human soluble ACE2 (APN01). Importantly, soluble ACE2 neutralized infection of VeroE6 cells and human lung epithelial cells by multiple VOC strains with markedly enhanced potency when compared to reference SARS-CoV-2 isolates. Effective inhibition of infections with SARS-CoV-2 variants was validated and confirmed in two independent laboratories. These data show that SARS-CoV-2 variants that have emerged around the world, including current VOC and several variants of interest, can be inhibited by soluble ACE2, providing proof of principle of a pan-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wirnsberger, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monteil, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eaton, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Postnikova, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braunsfeld, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crozier, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kricek, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niederhoefer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwarzboeck, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breid, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez Jimenez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bugajska-Schretter, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dohnal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruf, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gugenberger, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagelkrueys, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montserrat, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holbrook, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oostenbrink, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shoemaker, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirazimi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penninger, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.10.459744</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Clinical grade ACE2 as a universal agent to block SARS-CoV-2 variants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.09.09.459581v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
FIBCD1 is a Conserved Receptor for Chondroitin Sulphate Proteoglycans of the Brain Extracellular Matrix and a Candidate Gene for a Complex Neurodevelopmental Disorder 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.09.09.459581v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The brain extracellular matrix (ECM) is enriched in chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPGs) with variable sulphate modifications that intimately participate in brain maturation and function. Very little is known about how the changing biophysical properties of the CSPGs are signalled to neurons. Here, we report Fibrinogen C Domain Containing 1 (FIBCD1), a known chitin-binding receptor of the innate immune system, to be highly expressed in the hippocampus and to specifically bind CSPGs containing 4-O sulphate modification (CS-4S). Cultured Fibcd1 knockout (KO) neurons lack phenotypic and transcriptomic responses to CSPG stimulation. Further, Fibcd1 KO mice exhibit accumulation of CS-4S, likely resulting in deficits of hippocampal-dependent learning tasks and abrogated synaptic remodelling, a phenotype rescued by enzymatic digestion of CSPGs. Likewise, neuronal specific knockdown of a Fibcd1 orthologue in flies results in neuronal morphological changes at the neuromuscular junctions and behavioural defects. Finally, we report two undiagnosed patients with a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with deleterious variants in FIBCD1, strongly implicating FIBCD1 in the development of the disease. Taken together, our results demonstrate that FIBCD1 is a novel, evolutionarily conserved component of ECM sulphation recognition that is crucial for neuronal development and function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fell, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagelkruys, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cicvaric, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horrer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J. S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stadlmann, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polyansky, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mereiter, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tejada, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kokotovic, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scaramuzza, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Twyman, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morrow, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juusola, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burmeister, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersen, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wirnsberger, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holmskov, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perrimon, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zagrovic, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monje, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moeller, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penninger, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagy, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.09.459581</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[FIBCD1 is a Conserved Receptor for Chondroitin Sulphate Proteoglycans of the Brain Extracellular Matrix and a Candidate Gene for a Complex Neurodevelopmental Disorder]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.09.14.459961v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Development of a novel, pan-variant aerosol intervention for COVID-19 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.09.14.459961v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To develop a universal strategy to block SARS-CoV-2 cellular entry and infection represents a central aim for effective COVID-19 therapy. The growing impact of emerging variants of concern increases the urgency for development of effective interventions. Since ACE2 is the critical SARS-CoV-2 receptor and all tested variants bind to ACE2, some even at much increased affinity (see accompanying paper), we hypothesized that aerosol administration of clinical grade soluble human recombinant ACE2 (APN01) will neutralize SARS-CoV-2 in the airways, limit spread of infection in the lung and mitigate lung damage caused by deregulated signaling in the renin-angiotensin (RAS) and Kinin pathways. Here we show that intranasal administration of APN01 in a mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection dramatically reduced weight loss and prevented animal death. As a prerequisite to a clinical trial, we evaluated both virus binding activity and enzymatic activity for cleavage of Ang II following aerosolization. We report successful aerosolization for APN01, retaining viral binding as well as catalytic RAS activity. Dose range-finding and IND-enabling repeat-dose aerosol toxicology testing were conducted in dogs. Twice daily aerosol administration for two weeks at the maximum feasible concentration revealed no notable toxicities. Based on these results, a Phase I clinical trial in healthy volunteers can now be initiated, with subsequent Phase II testing in individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection. This strategy could be used to develop a viable and rapidly actionable therapy to prevent and treat COVID-19, against all current and future SARS-CoV-2 variants.

One Sentence SummaryPreclinical development and evaluation of aerosolized soluble recombinant human ACE2 (APN01) administered as a COVID-19 intervention is reported.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shoemaker, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panettieri, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Libutti, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hochster, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watts, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wingfield, P. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Starkl, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pimenov, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gawish, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hladik, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knapp, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boring, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawrence, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boone, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marshall, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matthews, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cholewa, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richig, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCormick, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gugensberger, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holler, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penninger, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wirnsberger, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.14.459961</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Development of a novel, pan-variant aerosol intervention for COVID-19]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/808808v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extracellular vesicles from therapeutic grade allogeneic human placental stromal cells induce angiogenesis and modulate immunity 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/808808v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nanoparticles can acquire a protein corona defining their biological identity. Corona functions were not yet considered for cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). Here we demonstrate that nanosized EVs from therapy-grade human placental-expanded (PLX) stromal cells are surrounded by an imageable and functional protein corona when enriched with permissive technology. Scalable EV separation from cell-secreted soluble factors via tangential flow-filtration and subtractive tandem mass-tag proteomics revealed significant enrichment of predominantly immunomodulatory and proangiogenic proteins. Western blot, calcein-based flow cytometry, super-resolution and electron microscopy verified EV identity. PLX-EVs protected corona proteins from protease digestion. EVs significantly ameliorated human skin regeneration and angiogenesis in vivo, induced differential signaling in immune cells, and dose-dependently inhibited T cell proliferation in vitro. Corona removal by size-exclusion or ultracentrifugation abrogated angiogenesis. Re-establishing an artificial corona by cloaking EVs with defined proangiogenic proteins served as a proof-of-concept. Understanding EV corona formation will improve rational EV-inspired nanotherapy design.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wolf, m.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vari, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bloechl, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raninger, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poupardin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beez, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoog, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brachtl, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eminger, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Binder, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oeller, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spittler, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heuser, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Obermayer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seifert, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huber, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schallmoser, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Volk, H. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strunk, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/808808</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extracellular vesicles from therapeutic grade allogeneic human placental stromal cells induce angiogenesis and modulate immunity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.02.03.428234v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tig1 regulates proximo-distal identity during salamander limb regeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.02.03.428234v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Salamander limb regeneration is an accurate process which gives rise exclusively to the missing structures, irrespective of the amputation level. This suggests that cells in the stump have an awareness of their spatial location, a property termed  positional identity. Little is known about how positional identity is encoded, in salamanders or other biological systems. Through single-cell RNAseq analysis, we identified Tig1/Rarres1 as a potential determinant of proximal identity. Tig1 encodes a conserved cell surface molecule, is regulated by retinoic acid and exhibits a graded expression along the proximo-distal axis of the limb. Its overexpression leads to regeneration defects in the distal elements and elicits proximal displacement of blastema cells, while its neutralisation blocks proximo-distal cell surface interactions. Critically, Tig1 reprogrammes distal cells to a proximal identity, upregulating Prod1 and inhibiting Hoxa13 and distal transcriptional networks. Thus, Tig1 is a central cell surface determinant of proximal identity in the salamander limb.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Oliveira, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knapp, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elewa, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez Malagon, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gates, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petzold, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arce, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cordoba, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chara, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanaka, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yun, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.03.428234</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tig1 regulates proximo-distal identity during salamander limb regeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.09.29.461190v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A NET4-RabG3 couple mediate the link between actin and the tonoplast and is essential for normal actin cytoskeletal remodelling in stomatal closure to flg22 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.09.29.461190v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Members of the NETWORKED (NET) family are involved in actin-membrane interactions. They tether the cells plasma membrane (PM) to the actin network. Moreover, in a similar manner, they are also involved in the tethering of membrane bound organelles to the actin cytoskeleton; the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the ER to the PM. This raises the question as to whether NET proteins are involved in actin cytoskeletal remodelling. Here we show that two members of the NET family, NET4A and NET4B, are essential for normal guard cell actin reorganization, which is a process critical for stomatal closure in plant immunity. NET4 proteins interact with F-actin and with members of the Rab7 GTPase RABG3 family through two distinct domains, allowing for simultaneous localization to actin filaments and the tonoplast. NET4 proteins interact with GTP-bound, active RABG3 members, suggesting their function as downstream effectors. We also show that RABG3b is critical for stomatal closure induced by microbial patterns. Taken together, we conclude that the actin cytoskeletal remodelling during stomatal closure depends on a molecular link between actin filaments and the tonoplast, which is mediated by the NET4-RABG3b interaction. We propose that stomatal closure to microbial patterns involves the coordinated action of immune signalling events and proper actin cytoskeletal remodelling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>HAWKINS, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kopischke, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mentlak, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duckney, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kroon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bui, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richardson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casey, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexander, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Jaeger, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalde, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dagdas, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hussey, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robatzek, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.29.461190</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A NET4-RabG3 couple mediate the link between actin and the tonoplast and is essential for normal actin cytoskeletal remodelling in stomatal closure to flg22]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.10.04.463104v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regressive evolution of an effector following a host jump in the Irish Potato Famine Pathogen Lineage 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.10.04.463104v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In order to infect a new host species, the pathogen must evolve to enhance infection and transmission in the novel environment. Although we often think of evolution as a process of accumulation, it is also a process of loss. Here, we document an example of regressive evolution in the Irish potato famine pathogen (Phytophthora infestans) lineage, providing evidence that a key sequence motif in the effector PexRD54 has degenerated following a host jump. We began by looking at PexRD54 and PexRD54-like sequences from across Phytophthora species. We found that PexRD54 emerged in the common ancestor of Phytophthora clade 1b and 1c species, and further sequence analysis showed that a key functional motif, the C-terminal ATG8-interacting motif (AIM), was also acquired at this point in the lineage. A closer analysis showed that the P. mirabilis PexRD54 (PmPexRD54) AIM appeared unusual, the otherwise-conserved central residue mutated from a glutamate to a lysine. We aimed to determine whether this PmPexRD54 AIM polymorphism represented an adaptation to the Mirabilis jalapa host environment. We began by characterizing the M. jalapa ATG8 family, finding that they have a unique evolutionary history compared to previously characterized ATG8s. Then, using co-immunoprecipitation and isothermal titration calorimetry assays, we showed that both full-length PmPexRD54 and the PmPexRD54 AIM peptide bind very weakly to the M. jalapa ATG8s. Through a combination of binding assays and structural modelling, we showed that the identity of the residue at the position of the PmPexRD54 AIM polymorphism can underpin high-affinity binding to plant ATG8s. Finally, we conclude that the functionality of the PexRD54 AIM was lost in the P. mirabilis lineage, perhaps owing to as-yet-unknown pressure on this effector in the new host environment.

Author SummaryPathogens evolve in concert with their hosts. When a pathogen begins to infect a new host species, known as a "host jump," the pathogen must evolve to enhance infection and transmission. These evolutionary processes can involve both the gain and loss of genes, as well as dynamic changes in protein function. Here, we describe an example of a pathogen protein that lost a key functional domain following a host jump, a salient example of "regressive evolution." Specifically, we show that an effector protein from the plant pathogen Phytopthora mirabilis, a host-specific lineage closely related to the Irish potato famine pathogen Phytopthora infestans, has a derived amino acid polymorphism that results in a loss of interaction with certain host machinery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zess, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dagdas, Y. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peers, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maqbool, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banfield, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bozkurt, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamoun, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.04.463104</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regressive evolution of an effector following a host jump in the Irish Potato Famine Pathogen Lineage]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.10.06.463206v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neutral competition within a long-lived population of symmetrically dividing cells shapes the clonal composition of cerebral organoids 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.10.06.463206v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cerebral organoids model the development of the human brain and are an indispensable tool for studying neurodevelopment. Whole-organoid lineage tracing has revealed the number of progeny arising from each initial stem cell to be highly diverse, with lineage sizes ranging from one to more than 20,000 cells. This exceeds what can be explained by existing stochastic models of corticogenesis, indicating the existence of an additional source of stochasticity. We propose an explanation in terms of the SAN model in which this additional source of stochasticity is the survival time of a lineage within a long-lived population of symmetrically dividing cells under neutral competition. We demonstrate that this model explains the experimentally observed variability of lineage sizes and we derive a formula that captures the quantitative relationship between survival time and lineage size. Finally, we show that our model implies the existence of a regulatory mechanism to keeps the size of the symmetrically dividing cell population constant.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pflug, F. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haendeler, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esk, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindenhofer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knoblich, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>von Haeseler, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.06.463206</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neutral competition within a long-lived population of symmetrically dividing cells shapes the clonal composition of cerebral organoids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.10.05.463203v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DeepSTARR predicts enhancer activity from DNA sequence and enables the de novo design of enhancers 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.10.05.463203v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Enhancer sequences control gene expression and comprise binding sites (motifs) for different transcription factors (TFs). Despite extensive genetic and computational studies, the relationship between DNA sequence and regulatory activity is poorly understood and enhancer de novo design is considered impossible. Here we built a deep learning model, DeepSTARR, to quantitatively predict the activities of thousands of developmental and housekeeping enhancers directly from DNA sequence in Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells. The model learned relevant TF motifs and higher-order syntax rules, including functionally non-equivalent instances of the same TF motif that are determined by motif-flanking sequence and inter-motif distances. We validated these rules experimentally and demonstrated their conservation in human by testing more than 40,000 wildtype and mutant Drosophila and human enhancers. Finally, we designed and functionally validated synthetic enhancers with desired activities de novo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>de Almeida, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reiter, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pagani, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stark, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.05.463203</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DeepSTARR predicts enhancer activity from DNA sequence and enables the de novo design of enhancers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.10.08.463254v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Activation of the essential kinase PDK1 by phosphoinositide-driven autophosphorylation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.10.08.463254v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) is an essential serine/threonine protein kinase, which plays a crucial role in cell growth and proliferation. It is often referred to as a  master kinase due to its ability to activate at least 23 downstream protein kinases implicated in various signaling pathways. In this study, we have elucidated the mechanism of phosphoinositide-driven PDK1 auto-activation. We show that PDK1 trans- autophosphorylation is mediated by a PIP3-mediated face-to-face dimer. We report regulatory motifs in the kinase-PH interdomain linker that allosterically activate PDK1 autophosphorylation via a linker-swapped dimer mechanism. Finally, we show that PDK1 is autoinhibited by its PH domain and that positive cooperativity of PIP3 binding drives switch- like activation of PDK1. Our work implies that the PDK1-mediated activation of effector kinases, including Akt, PKC, Sgk, S6K and RSK, many of whom are not directly regulated by phosphoinositides, is also likely to be dependent on PIP3 or PI(3, 4)P2.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Levina, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fleming, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burke, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leonard, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.08.463254</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Activation of the essential kinase PDK1 by phosphoinositide-driven autophosphorylation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.10.20.465141v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Limited specificity of molecular interactions incurs an environment-dependent fitness cost in bacteria 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.10.20.465141v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Reliable operation of cellular programs depends crucially on the specificity of biomolecular interactions. In gene regulatory networks, the appropriate expression of genes is determined through the specific binding of transcription factors (TFs) to their cognate DNA sequences. However, the large genomic background likely contains many DNA sequences showing similarity to TF target motifs, potentially allowing for substantial non-cognate TF binding with low specificity. Whether and how non-cognate TF binding impacts cellular function and fitness remains unclear. We show that increased expression of different transcriptional regulators in Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica can significantly inhibit population growth across multiple environments. This effect depends upon (i) TF binding to a large number of DNA sequences with low specificity, (ii) TF cooperativity, and (iii) the ratio of TF to DNA. DNA binding due to the limited specificity of promiscuous or non-native TFs can thus severely impact fitness, giving rise to a fundamental biophysical constraint on gene regulatory design and evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Igler, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fourcade, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waldminghaus, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pauler, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santhanam, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tkacik, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guet, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.20.465141</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Limited specificity of molecular interactions incurs an environment-dependent fitness cost in bacteria]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.10.21.465295v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mimicked synthetic ribosomal protein complex for benchmarking cross-linking mass spectrometry workflows 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.10.21.465295v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The field of cross-linking mass spectrometry has matured to a frequently used tool for the investigation of protein structures as well as interactome studies up to a system wide level. The growing community generated a broad spectrum of applications, linker types, acquisition strategies and specialized data analysis tools, which makes it challenging, especially for newcomers, to decide for an appropriate analysis workflow. Therefore, we here present a large and flexible synthetic peptide library as reliable instrument to benchmark crosslinkers with different reactive sites as well as acquisition techniques and data analysis algorithms. Additionally, we provide a tool, IMP-X-FDR, that calculates the real, experimentally validated, FDR, compares results across search engine platforms and analyses crosslink properties in an automated manner. The library was used with the reagents DSSO, DSBU, CDI, ADH, DHSO and azide-a-DSBSO and data were analysed using the algorithms MeroX, MS Annika, XlinkX, pLink 2, MaxLynx and xiSearch. We thereby show that the correct algorithm and search setting choice is highly important to improve ID rate and FDR in combination with software and sample-complexity specific score cut-offs. When analysing DSSO data with MS Annika, we reach high identification rates of up to [~]70 % of the theoretical maximum (i.e. 700 unique lysine-lysine cross-links) while maintaining a low real FDR of < 3 % at cross-link level and with high reproducibility, representatively showing that our test system delivers valuable and statistically solid results.

Graphical abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=114 SRC="FIGDIR/small/465295v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@146c751org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1c7a6e1org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@9d2ee7org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1725693_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Matzinger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasiu, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madalinski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stanek, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mechtler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.21.465295</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mimicked synthetic ribosomal protein complex for benchmarking cross-linking mass spectrometry workflows]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.11.03.467131v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A molecular network of conserved factors keeps ribosomes dormant in the egg 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.11.03.467131v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ribosomes are produced in large quantities during oogenesis and stored in the egg. However, the egg and early embryo are translationally repressed. Using mass-spectrometry and cryo-EM analyses of ribosomes isolated from zebrafish and Xenopus eggs and embryos, we provide molecular evidence that ribosomes transition from a dormant to an active state during the first hours of embryogenesis. Dormant ribosomes are associated with four conserved factors that form two modules and occupy functionally important sites of the ribosome: a Habp4-eEF2 module that stabilizes ribosome levels and a Dap1b/Dapl1-eIF5a module that represses translation. Dap1b/Dapl1 is a newly discovered translational inhibitor that stably inserts into the polypeptide exit tunnel. Thus, a developmentally programmed, conserved ribosome state plays a key role in ribosome storage and translational repression in the egg.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Leesch, K. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorenzo-Orts, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pribitzer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grishkovskaya, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matzinger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roitinger, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belacic, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kandolf, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, T.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mechtler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meinhart, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haselbach, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pauli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.03.467131</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A molecular network of conserved factors keeps ribosomes dormant in the egg]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.11.04.467350v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Parental environmental effects are common and strong, but unpredictable, in Arabidopsis thaliana 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.11.04.467350v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The phenotypes of plants can be influenced by the environmental conditions experienced by their parents. In some cases, such parental effects have been found to be adaptive, which has led to much speculation about their ecological and evolutionary significance. However, there is still much uncertainty about how common and how predictable parental environmental effects really are. We carried out a comprehensive test for parental effects of different environmental stresses in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We subjected plants of three Arabidopsis genotypes to a broad range of biotic or abiotic stresses, or combinations thereof, and compared their offspring phenotypes in a common environment. The majority of environmental stresses (16 out of 24 stress treatments) caused significant parental effects, in particular on plant biomass and reproduction, with positive or negative effects ranging from -35% to +38% changes in offspring fitness. The expression of parental effects was strongly genotype-dependent, with some effects only present in some genotypes but absent, or even in the opposite direction, in others. Parental effects of multiple environmental stresses were often non-additive, and their effects can thus not be predicted from what we know about the effects of individual stresses. Intriguingly, the direction and magnitude of parental effects were unrelated to the direct effects on the parents: some stresses did not affect the parents but caused substantial effects on offspring, while for others the situation was reversed. In summary, parental environmental effects are common and often strong in A. thaliana, but they are genotype-dependent and difficult to predict.

SignificanceStress experienced by plants can alter the phenotypes of their offspring. To understand the ecological and evolutionary significance of such parental effects, we must know how common and how predictable they are. In a large experiment with Arabidopsis thaliana, we show that the majority of 24 environmental stresses cause significant, and often strong, positive or negative parental effects. However, we also find that parental effects are genotype-specific and unrelated to the direct effect of individual stresses, and that multiple stresses often act in non-additive ways across generations. Thus, parental effects appear to be common and strong, but difficult to predict. Our findings have important implications for the study of plant responses to environmental change, and the design of stress experiments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Latzel, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Groot, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutzat, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lampei, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouborg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parepa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmid, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vergeer, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bossdorf, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.04.467350</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Parental environmental effects are common and strong, but unpredictable, in Arabidopsis thaliana]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.11.03.467109v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reciprocal zebrafish-medaka hybrids reveal maternal control of zygotic genome activation timing 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.11.03.467109v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The sperm and egg contribute unequally to the newly formed zygote. While the sperm provides mainly paternal DNA, the egg provides both maternal DNA and the bulk of the future embryonic cytoplasm. Most embryonic processes like the onset of zygotic transcription are thought to depend on maternal cytoplasmic components, but this has not been tested rigorously. Here we report the establishment of a reciprocal zebrafish-medaka hybrid system which enables unequivocal distinction between maternal and paternal gene products. By combining expression of zebrafish Bouncer on the medaka egg with artificial egg activation, we demonstrate the in vitro generation of paternal zebrafish/maternal medaka (reripes) hybrid embryos. These hybrids complement the previously reported paternal medaka/maternal zebrafish (latio) hybrid embryos1, providing a versatile tool to dissect parental control mechanisms during early development. With this system, we investigated maternal vs. paternal control of zygotic genome activation (ZGA) timing. RNA-seq and ATAC-seq analyses of the purebred fish species and hybrids revealed that the onset of ZGA is primarily governed by the egg. Combining these datasets with proteome-wide analysis of early medaka and zebrafish embryogenesis highlights new potential regulators of ZGA, including Znf281b. Overall, our study establishes the reciprocal zebrafish-medaka hybrid system as a versatile tool to study parent-of-origin effects in vertebrate embryos.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gert, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cabrera Quio, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novatchkova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cairns, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pauli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.03.467109</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reciprocal zebrafish-medaka hybrids reveal maternal control of zygotic genome activation timing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.11.03.467172v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Maternally-inherited anti-sense piRNAs antagonize transposon expression in teleost embryos 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.11.03.467172v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transposable elements threaten genome stability, and the Piwi-piRNA system has evolved to silence transposons in the germline1-6. However, it remains largely unknown what mechanisms are utilized in early vertebrate embryos prior to germline establishment and  ping-pong piRNA production. To address this, we first characterized small RNAs in early zebrafish embryos and detected abundant maternally-deposited, Ziwi-associated, antisense piRNAs that map largely to evolutionarily young long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons. Notably, the focal establishment of the repressive modification H3K9me2/3 coincides with these young LTR elements, is deposited independent of transcription, and is required for LTR silencing. We find piRNAs highly enriched and maintained in primordial germ cells (PGCs), which display lower LTR expression than somatic cells. To examine the consequences of piRNA loss, we used reciprocal zebrafish-medaka hybrids, which display selective activation of LTRs that lack maternally-contributed targeting piRNAs. Thus, the Piwi-piRNA system actively antagonizes transposons in the soma and PGCs during early vertebrate embryogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gert, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lebedeva, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Potok, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wike, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grow, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ketting, R. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pauli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cairns, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.03.467172</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Maternally-inherited anti-sense piRNAs antagonize transposon expression in teleost embryos]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.11.15.468652v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extensive gene duplication in Arabidopsis revealed by pseudo-heterozygosity 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.11.15.468652v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundIt is apparent that genomes harbor massive amounts of structural variation, and that this variation has largely gone undetected for technical reasons. In addition to being inherently interesting, structural variation can cause artifacts when short-read sequencing data are mapped to a reference genome. In particular, spurious SNPs (that do not show Mendelian segregation) may result from mapping of reads to duplicated regions. Calling SNP using the raw reads of the 1001 Arabidopsis Genomes Project we identified 3.3 million heterozygous SNPs (44% of total). Given that Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) is highly selfing, we hypothesized that these SNPs reflected cryptic copy number variation, and investigated them further.

ResultsThe heterozygosity we observed consisted of particular SNPs being heterozygous across individuals in a manner that strongly suggests it reflects shared segregating duplications rather than random tracts of residual heterozygosity due to occasional outcrossing. Focusing on such pseudo-heterozygosity in annotated genes, we used GWAS to map the position of the duplicates, identifying 2500 putatively duplicated genes. The results were validated using de novo genome assemblies from six lines. Specific examples included an annotated gene and nearby transposon that, in fact, transpose together. Finally, we use existing bisulfite sequencing data to demonstrate that cryptic structural variation can produce highly inaccurate estimates of DNA methylation polymorphism.

ConclusionsOur study confirms that most heterozygous SNPs calls in A. thaliana are artifacts, and suggest that great caution is needed when analyzing SNP data from short-read sequencing. The finding that 10% of annotated genes exhibit copy-number variation, and the realization that neither gene- nor transposon-annotation necessarily tells us what is actually mobile in the genome suggest that future analyses based on independently assembled genomes will be very informative.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jaegle, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soto-Jimenez, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burns, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rabanal, F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nordborg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.15.468652</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extensive gene duplication in Arabidopsis revealed by pseudo-heterozygosity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.11.08.467720v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pre- and post-mating reproductive isolation evolve independently during rapid adaptation to high temperature 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.11.08.467720v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundEcological speciation and mutation-order speciation are two different mechanisms of adaptation-driven speciation. Both mechanisms predict different patterns of reproductive isolation for replicate populations adapting to the same environment. With ecological speciation, barriers to gene flow emerge between populations from different environments, but not among replicate populations from the same environment. Mutation-order speciation predicts reproductive isolation among populations adapted to the same environment.

ResultsWe demonstrate that both speciation processes occurred within about 100 generations when replicate Drosophila simulans populations adapted to a novel, hot environment. Gene expression analysis identified the underlying molecular mechanisms. Premating ecological speciation is the byproduct of an altered lipid metabolism, which also changed the cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) composition in hot-evolved flies. Postmating reproductive isolation supports mutation-order speciation most likely driven by co-evolution of reproduction-associated genes.

ConclusionAdaptation processes can rapidly induce incipient speciation and different speciation mechanisms affect pre- and postmating reproductive isolation. We propose that the definition of mutation-order speciation should be expanded to account for polygenic processes from standing genetic variation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hsu, S.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, W.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novak, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lehner, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaksic, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Versace, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlötterer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.08.467720</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pre- and post-mating reproductive isolation evolve independently during rapid adaptation to high temperature]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.11.11.468259v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome assembly of the Australian black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) reveals a fragmented IHHNV EVE sequence 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.11.11.468259v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Shrimp are a valuable aquaculture species globally; however, disease remains a major hindrance to shrimp aquaculture sustainability and growth. Mechanisms mediated by endogenous viral elements (EVEs) have been proposed as a means by which shrimp that encounter a new virus start to accommodate rather than succumb to infection over time. However, evidence on the nature of such EVEs and how they mediate viral accommodation is limited. More extensive genomic data on Penaeid shrimp from different geographical locations should assist in exposing the diversity of EVEs. In this context, reported here is a PacBio Sequel-based draft genome assembly of an Australian black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) inbred for one generation. The 1.89 Gbp draft genome is comprised of 31,922 scaffolds (N50: 496,398 bp) covering 85.9% of the projected genome size. The genome repeat content (61.8% with 30% representing simple sequence repeats) is almost the highest identified for any species. The functional annotation identified 35,517 gene models, of which 25,809 were protein-coding and 17,158 were annotated using interproscan. Scaffold scanning for specific EVEs identified an element comprised of a 9,045 bp stretch of repeated, inverted and jumbled genome fragments of Infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) bounded by a repeated 591/590 bp host sequence. As only near complete linear ~4 kb IHHNV genomes have been found integrated in the genome of P. monodon previously, its discovery has implications regarding the validity of PCR tests designed to specifically detect such linear EVE types. The existence of joined inverted IHHNV genome fragments also provides a means by which hairpin dsRNAs could be expressed and processed by the shrimp RNA interference (RNAi) machinery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huerlimann, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cowley, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wade, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kasinadhuni, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, C.-K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jabbari, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siemering, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tinning, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montenegro, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maes, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sellars, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coman, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McWilliam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zenger, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khatkar, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raadsma, H. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donovan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishna, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jerry, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.11.468259</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome assembly of the Australian black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) reveals a fragmented IHHNV EVE sequence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.11.19.469324v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The sperm protein Spaca6 is essential for fertilization in zebrafish 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.11.19.469324v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fertilization is a key process in all sexually reproducing species, yet the molecular mechanisms that underlie this event remain unclear. To date, only a few proteins have been shown to be essential for sperm-egg binding and fusion in mice, and only some are conserved across vertebrates. One of these conserved, testis-expressed factors is SPACA6, yet its function has not been investigated outside of mammals. Here we show that zebrafish spaca6 encodes for a sperm membrane protein which is essential for fertilization. Zebrafish spaca6 knockout males are sterile. Furthermore, Spaca6-deficient sperm have normal morphology, are motile, and can approach the egg, but fail to bind to the egg and therefore cannot complete fertilization. Interestingly, sperm lacking Spaca6 have decreased levels of another essential and conserved sperm fertility factor, Dcst2, revealing a previously unknown dependence of Dcst2 expression on Spaca6. Together, our results show that zebrafish Spaca6 regulates Dcst2 levels and is required for binding between the sperm membrane and the oolemma. This is in contrast to murine SPACA6, which was reported not to be required for sperm-egg membrane binding but necessary for fusion. These findings demonstrate that Spaca6 is essential for zebrafish fertilization and is a conserved sperm factor in vertebrate reproduction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Binner, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kogan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panser, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schleiffer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deneke, V. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pauli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.19.469324</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The sperm protein Spaca6 is essential for fertilization in zebrafish]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.11.22.469620v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In Diverse Conditions Intrinsic Chromatin Condensates Have Liquid-like Material Properties 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.11.22.469620v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Eukaryotic nuclear DNA is wrapped around histone proteins to form nucleosomes, which further assemble to package and regulate the genome. Understanding of the physical mechanisms that contribute to higher order chromatin organization is limited. Previously, we reported the intrinsic capacity of chromatin to undergo phase separation and form dynamic liquid-like condensates, which can be regulated by cellular factors. Recent work from Hansen, Hendzel, and colleagues suggested these intrinsic chromatin condensates are solid in all but a specific set of conditions. Here we show that intrinsic chromatin condensates are fluid in diverse solutions, without need for specific buffering components. Exploring experimental differences in sample preparation and imaging between these two studies, we suggest what may have led Hansen, Hendzel, and colleagues to mischaracterize the innate properties of chromatin condensates. We also describe how liquid-like in vitro behaviors can translate to the locally dynamic but globally constrained movement of chromatin in cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gibson, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blaukopf, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lou, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doolittle, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finkelstein, I. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narlikar, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerlich, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosen, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.22.469620</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In Diverse Conditions Intrinsic Chromatin Condensates Have Liquid-like Material Properties]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.11.23.466958v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
amica: an interactive and user-friendly web-platform for the analysis of proteomics data 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.11.23.466958v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SummaryQuantitative proteomics has become an increasingly prominent tool in the study of life sciences. A substantial hurdle for many biologists are, however, the intricacies involved in the associated high throughput data analysis. In order to facilitate this task for users with limited background knowledge, we have developed amica, a freely available open-source web-based software that accepts proteomic input files from different sources and provides quality control, differential expression, biological network and over-representation analysis on the basis of minimal user input. Scientists can use amica interactively to compare proteins across multiple groups, create customized output graphics, and ultimately export the results in a tab-separated format that can be shared with collaborators.

Availability and ImplementationThe code for the application, input data and documentation can be accessed online at https://github.com/tbaccata/amica and is also incorporated in the web application. A freely available version of amica is available at https://bioapps.maxperutzlabs.ac.at/app/amica.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Didusch, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madern, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartl, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baccarini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.23.466958</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[amica: an interactive and user-friendly web-platform for the analysis of proteomics data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.11.24.469911v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The ADAR1 editome reveals drivers of editing-specificity for ADAR1-isoforms 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.11.24.469911v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) (also known as ADAR1) promotes A-to-I conversion in double-stranded and highly structured RNAs. ADAR1 has two isoforms transcribed from different promoters: ADAR1p150, which is mainly cytoplasmic and interferon-inducible, and constitutively expressed ADAR1p110 that is primarily localized in the nucleus.

Mutations in ADAR1 cause Aicardi - Goutieres syndrome (AGS), a severe autoinflammatory disease in humans associated with aberrant IFN production. In mice, deletion of ADAR1 or selective knockout of the p150 isoform alone leads to embryonic lethality driven by overexpression of interferon-stimulated genes. This phenotype can be rescued by concurrent deletion of cytoplasmic dsRNA-sensor MDA5. These findings indicate that the interferon- inducible p150 isoform is indispensable and cannot be rescued by the ADAR1p110 isoform. Nevertheless, editing sites uniquely targeted by ADAR1p150 but also mechanisms of isoform- specificity remain elusive.

Here we combine RIP-seq on human cells expressing ADAR1 isoforms and combine this with analysis of isoform-specific editing patterns in genetically modified mouse cells to extensively investigate ADAR1-isoform binding- and editing characteristics.

Moreover, using mutated ADAR variants, we examine the effect of two unique features of ADAR1p150 on its target specificity: 1) cytoplasmic localization and 2) Z-DNA binding domain . Our findings indicate that ZBD contributes only minimally to p150 editing-specificity and that isoform-specific editing is directed mainly by the cytoplasmic localization of the editase.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kleinova, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leuchtenberger, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lo Giudice, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanzer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Derdak, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Picardi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jantsch, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.24.469911</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The ADAR1 editome reveals drivers of editing-specificity for ADAR1-isoforms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.11.28.470272v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Analysis of 8000 proteins and reduced carry over significantly increase the throughput of single-shot proteomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.11.28.470272v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the field of LC-MS based proteomics, increases in sampling depth and proteome coverage have mainly been accomplished by rapid advances in mass spectrometer technology. The comprehensiveness and quality of data that can be generated do however also depend on the performance provided by nano liquid chromatography (nanoLC) separations. Proper selection of reversed-phase separation columns can be important to provide the MS instrument with peptides at the highest possible concentration and separated at the highest possible resolution. In the current contribution, we evaluate the use of prototype generation 2 PAC nanoLC columns which use C18 functionalized superficially porous micro pillars as a stationary phase. When comparing to traditionally used fully porous silica stationary phases, more precursors could be characterized when performing single shot data-dependent LC-MS/MS analyses of a human cell line tryptic digest. Up to 30% more protein groups and 60% more unique peptides were identified for short gradients (10 min) and limited sample amounts (10-100 ng of cell lysate digest). With LC-MS gradient times of 10, 60, 120 and 180 min, we respectively identified 2252, 6513, 7382 and 8174 protein groups with 25, 500, 1000 and 2000 ng of sample loaded on column. Reduction of sample carry over to the next run (up to 2 to 3%) and decreased levels of methionine oxidation (up to 3-fold) were identified as additional figures of merit. When analyzing a disuccinimidyl dibutyric urea (DSBU) crosslinked synthetic library, 29 to 59 more unique crosslinked peptides could be identified at a experimentally validated false discovery rate (FDR) of 1-2%.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stejskal, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Op de Beeck, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matzinger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duernberger, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boychenko, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacobs, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mechtler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.28.470272</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Analysis of 8000 proteins and reduced carry over significantly increase the throughput of single-shot proteomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.11.29.466909v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The HUSH complex controls brain architecture and protocadherin fidelity 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.11.29.466909v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AbstractFine-tuning of neural connectivity is important for cerebral functions and brain evolution. Protocadherins provide barcodes for neuronal identity as well as synapse formation and expansion of protocadherin cluster genes has been linked to advanced cognitive functions. The tightly controlled stochastic and combinatorial expression of the different protocadherin isoforms in individual neurons provides the molecular basis for neuronal diversity, neuronal network complexity and function of the vertebrate brain. How protocadherins are epigenetically controlled has not yet been fully elucidated. Here we show that the HUSH (human silencing hub) complex containing H3K9me3 binding protein M-phase phosphoprotein 8 (MPP8) and Microrchidia CW-type zinc finger protein 2 (MORC2), critically controls the fidelity of protocadherin expression. MPP8 and MORC2A are highly expressed in the murine brain and exclusively found in neurons. Genetic inactivation of Mphosph8 (coding for MPP8) or Morc2a in the nervous system of mice leads to increased brain size, altered brain architecture, and behavioral changes. Mechanistically, MPP8 and MORC2A precisely and selectively suppress the repetitive-like protocadherin gene cluster on mouse chromosome 18 in a H3K9me3-dependent manner, thereby affecting synapse formation. Moreover, we demonstrate that individual MPHOSPH8- or MORC2-deficient neurons in human cerebral organoids express increased numbers of clustered protocadherin isoforms. Our data identify the HUSH complex, previously linked to silencing of repetitive transposable elements, as a key epigenetic regulator of protocadherin expression in the nervous system and thereby brain development and neuronal individuality in mice and humans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hagelkruys, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horrer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taubenschmid-Stowers, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kavirayani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novatchkova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orthofer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pai, T.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cikes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuk, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balmana, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esk, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koglgruber, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cronin, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elling, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knoblich, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penninger, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.29.466909</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The HUSH complex controls brain architecture and protocadherin fidelity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.12.07.471598v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Stem cell specific interferon stimulated gene expression is regulated by the formative pluripotency network through IRF1 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.12.07.471598v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Stem cells intrinsically express a subset of genes which are normally associated with interferon stimulation, and thus the innate immunity response. Expression of these interferon stimulated genes (ISG) in stem cells is independent of external stimuli such as viral infection. Here we show that the interferon regulatory factor 1, Irf1, is directly controlled by the murine formative pluripotency gene regulatory network and therefore upregulated in the transition from naive to formative pluripotency. IRF1 in turn binds to regulatory regions of a conserved set of ISGs and is required for their faithful expression in formative pluripotent cells. IRF1 also binds to an enhancer of the formative pluripotency transcription factor Oct6 and is partially required for upregulation of Oct6. IRF1 therefore acts as a link between the formative pluripotency network and the regulation of innate immunity genes in formative pluripotency.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Romeike, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spach, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huber, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vainorius, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elling, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buecker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.07.471598</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Stem cell specific interferon stimulated gene expression is regulated by the formative pluripotency network through IRF1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.12.14.472587v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Standing genetic variation fuels rapid evolution of herbicide resistance in blackgrass 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.12.14.472587v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Repeated herbicide applications exert enormous selection on blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides), a major weed in cereal crops of the temperate climate zone including Europe. This inadvertent large-scale experiment gives us the opportunity to look into the underlying genetic mechanisms and evolutionary processes of rapid adaptation, which can occur both through mutations in the direct targets of herbicides and through changes in other, often metabolic, pathways, known as non-target-site resistance. How much either type of adaptation relies on de novo mutations versus pre-existing standing variation is important for developing strategies to manage herbicide resistance. We generated a chromosome-level reference genome for A. myosuroides for population genomic studies of herbicide resistance and genome-wide diversity across Europe in this species. Bulked-segregant analysis evidenced that non-target-site resistance has a complex genetic architecture. Through empirical data and simulations, we showed that, despite its simple genetics, target-site resistance mainly results from standing genetic variation, with only a minor role for de novo mutations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kersten, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huber, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voichek, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lanz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagmaier, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lutz, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirschberg, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lerchl, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porri, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van de Peer, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmid, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weigel, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rabanal, F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.14.472587</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Standing genetic variation fuels rapid evolution of herbicide resistance in blackgrass]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.06.19.449004v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Release of Notch activity coordinated by IL-1β signalling confers differentiation plasticity of airway progenitors via Fosl2 during alveolar regeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.06.19.449004v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While the acquisition of cellular plasticity in adult stem cells is essential for rapid regeneration after tissue injury, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms governing this process. Our data reveal the coordination of airway progenitor differentiation plasticity by inflammatory signals during alveolar regeneration. Upon damage, IL-1{beta} signalling-dependent modulation of Jag1/2 expression in ciliated cells results in the inhibition of Notch signalling in secretory cells, which drives reprogramming and acquisition of differentiation plasticity. We identify a core role for the transcription factor Fosl2/Fra2 in secretory cell fate conversion to alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells retaining the distinct genetic and epigenetic signatures of secretory lineages. We furthermore reveal that KDR/FLK-1+ human secretory cells display a conserved capacity to generate AT2 cells via Notch inhibition. Our results demonstrate the functional role of a IL-1{beta}-Notch-Fosl2 axis for the fate decision of secretory cells during injury repair, proposing a new potential therapeutic target for human lung alveolar regeneration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Choi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jang, Y. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dabrowska, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iich, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janes, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simons, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koo, B.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.19.449004</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Release of Notch activity coordinated by IL-1β signalling confers differentiation plasticity of airway progenitors via Fosl2 during alveolar regeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.12.15.472841v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Loss of Cohesin regulator PDS5A reveals repressive role of Polycomb loops 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.12.15.472841v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Polycomb Repressive Complexes 1 and 2 (PRC1, PRC2) are conserved epigenetic regulators that promote transcriptional silencing. PRC1 and PRC2 converge on shared targets, catalyzing repressive histone modifications. In addition, a subset of PRC1/PRC2 targets engage in long-range interactions whose functions in gene silencing are poorly understood. Using a CRISPR screen in mouse embryonic stem cells, we identified that the cohesin regulator PDS5A links transcriptional silencing by Polycomb and 3D genome organization. PDS5A deletion impairs cohesin unloading and results in derepression of subset of endogenous PRC1/PRC2 target genes. Importantly, derepression is not associated with loss of repressive Polycomb chromatin modifications. Instead, loss of PDS5A leads to aberrant cohesin activity, ectopic insulation sites and specific reduction of ultra-long Polycomb loops. We infer that these loops are important for robust silencing at a subset of Polycomb target genes and that maintenance of cohesin-dependent genome architecture is critical for Polycomb regulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bsteh, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moussa, H. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michlits, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yelagandula, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elling, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bell, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.15.472841</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Loss of Cohesin regulator PDS5A reveals repressive role of Polycomb loops]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.12.16.472981v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A self-generated Toddler gradient guides mesodermal cell migration 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.12.16.472981v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The sculpting of germ layers during gastrulation relies on coordinated migration of progenitor cells, yet the cues controlling these long-range directed movements remain largely unknown. While directional migration often relies on a chemokine gradient generated from a localized source, we find that zebrafish ventrolateral mesoderm is guided by the uniformly expressed and secreted protein Toddler/ELABELA/Apela, acting as a self-generated gradient. We show that the Apelin receptor, which is specifically expressed in mesodermal cells, has a dual role during gastrulation, acting as a scavenger receptor to generate a Toddler gradient, and as a chemokine receptor to sense this guidance cue. Thus, we uncover a single receptor-based self-generated gradient as the enigmatic guidance cue that can robustly steer the directional migration of mesoderm through the complex and continuously changing environment of the gastrulating embryo.

One sentence summaryAplnr has a dual role to self-generate and sense a Toddler gradient directing mesodermal cells during zebrafish gastrulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stock, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kazmar, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlumm, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hannezo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pauli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.16.472981</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A self-generated Toddler gradient guides mesodermal cell migration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.12.20.473500v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Global SLAM-Seq for accurate mRNA decay determination and identification of NMD targets 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.12.20.473500v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene expression analysis requires accurate measurements of global RNA degradation rates, earlier problematic with methods disruptive to cell physiology. Recently, metabolic RNA labeling emerged as an efficient and minimally invasive technique applied in mammalian cells. Here, we have adapted SH-Linked Alkylation for the Metabolic Sequencing of RNA (SLAM-Seq) for a global mRNA stability study in yeast using 4-thiouracil pulse-chase labeling. We assign high-confidence half-life estimates for 67.5 % of expressed ORFs, and measure a median half-life of 9.4 min. For mRNAs where half-life estimates exist in the literature, their ranking order was in good agreement with previous data, indicating that SLAM-Seq efficiently classifies stable and unstable transcripts.

We then leveraged our yeast protocol to identify targets of the Nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) pathway. There are currently no global reports of half-lives in both wild type and NMD defective yeast cells; instead steady-state RNA level changes are used as a proxy. With SLAM-Seq, we assign 580 transcripts as putative NMD targets, based on their measured half-lives in wild-type and upf3{Delta} mutants. We find 230 novel targets, and observe a strong agreement with previous reports of NMD targets, 60 % of our candidates being identified in previous studies.

This indicates that SLAM-Seq is a simpler and more economic method for global quantification of mRNA half-lives. Our adaptation for yeast yielded global quantitative measures of the NMD effect on transcript half-lives, high correlation with RNA half-lives measured previously with more technically challenging protocols, and identification of novel NMD regulated transcripts that escaped prior detection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alalam, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zepeda, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sunnerhagen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.20.473500</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Global SLAM-Seq for accurate mRNA decay determination and identification of NMD targets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.12.20.473533v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Modified TurboID Approach Identifies Tissue-Specific Centriolar Components In C. elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.12.20.473533v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Proximity-dependent labeling approaches such as BioID have been a great boon to studies of protein-protein interactions in the context of cytoskeletal structures such as centrosomes which are poorly amenable to traditional biochemical approaches like immunoprecipitation and tandem affinity purification. Yet, these methods have so far not been applied extensively to invertebrate experimental models such as C. elegans given the long labeling times required for the original promiscuous biotin ligase variant BirA*. Here, we show that the recently developed variant TurboID successfully probes the interactomes of both stably associated (SPD-5) and dynamically localized (PLK-1) centrosomal components. We further develop an indirect proximity labeling method employing a GFP nanobody-TurboID fusion, which allows the identification of protein interactors in a tissue-specific manner in the context of the whole animal. Critically, this approach utilizes available endogenous GFP fusions, avoiding the need to generate multiple additional strains for each target protein and the potential complications associated with overexpressing the protein from transgenes. Using this method, we identify homologs of two highly conserved centriolar components, Cep97 and Bld10/Cep135, which are present in various somatic tissues of the worm. Surprisingly, neither protein is expressed in early embryos, likely explaining why these proteins have escaped attention until now. Our work expands the experimental repertoire for C. elegans and opens the door for further studies of tissue-specific variation in centrosome architecture.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Holzer, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rumpf-Kienzl, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Falk, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dammermann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.20.473533</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Modified TurboID Approach Identifies Tissue-Specific Centriolar Components In C. elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.12.22.473813v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ModelRevelator: Fast phylogenetic model estimation via deep learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.12.22.473813v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Selecting the best model of sequence evolution for a multiple-sequence-alignment (MSA) constitutes the first step of phylogenetic tree reconstruction. Common approaches for inferring nucleotide models typically apply maximum likelihood (ML) methods, with discrimination between models determined by one of several information criteria. This requires tree reconstruction and optimisation which can be computationally expensive. We demonstrate that neural networks can be used to perform model selection, without the need to reconstruct trees, optimise parameters, or calculate likelihoods.

We introduce ModelRevelator, a model selection tool underpinned by two deep neural networks. The first neural network, NNmodelfind, recommends one of six commonly used models of sequence evolution, ranging in complexity from Jukes and Cantor to General Time Reversible. The second, NNalphafind, recommends whether or not a{Gamma} --distributed rate heterogeneous model should be incorporated, and if so, provides an estimate of the shape parameter, . Users can simply input an MSA into ModelRevelator, and swiftly receive output recommending the evolutionary model, inclusive of the presence or absence of rate heterogeneity, and an estimate of .

We show that ModelRevelator performs comparably with likelihood-based methods and the recently published machine learning method ModelTeller over a wide range of parameter settings, with significant potential savings in computational effort. Further, we show that this performance is not restricted to the alignments on which the networks were trained, but is maintained even on unseen empirical data. We expect that ModelRevelator will provide a valuable alternative for phylogeneticists, especially where traditional methods of model selection are computationally prohibitive.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Burgstaller-Muehlbacher, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crotty, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drucks, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>von Haeseler, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.22.473813</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ModelRevelator: Fast phylogenetic model estimation via deep learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.12.25.474113v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Clinical grade ACE2 effectively inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infections 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.12.25.474113v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The recent emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 variant Omicron has caused considerable concern due to reduced vaccine efficacy and escape from neutralizing antibody therapeutics. Omicron is spreading rapidly around the globe and is suspected to account for most new COVID-19 cases in several countries, though the severity of Omicron-mediated disease is still under debate. It is therefore paramount to identify therapeutic strategies that inhibit the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant. Here we report using 3D structural modelling that Spike of Omicron can still associate with human ACE2. Sera collected after the second mRNA-vaccination did not exhibit a protective effect against Omicron while strongly neutralizing infection of VeroE6 cells with the reference Wuhan strain, confirming recent data by other groups on limited vaccine and convalescent sera neutralization efficacy against Omicron. Importantly, clinical grade recombinant human soluble ACE2, a drug candidate currently in clinical development, potently neutralized Omicron infection of VeroE6 cells with markedly enhanced potency when compared to reference SARS-CoV-2 isolates. These data show that SARS-CoV-2 variant Omicron can be readily inhibited by soluble ACE2, providing proof of principle of a viable and effective therapeutic approach against Omicron infections.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Monteil, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devignot, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klingstroem, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thalin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kellner, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christ, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Havervall, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mereiter, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knapp, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montserrat, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braunsfeld, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kozieradzki, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ali, O. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagelkrueys, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stadlmann, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oostenbrink, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wirnsberger, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penninger, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirazimi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.25.474113</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Clinical grade ACE2 effectively inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infections]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.12.29.474327v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An automated microfluidic platform integrating functional vascularized organoids-on-chip 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.12.29.474327v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The development of vascular networks on-chip is crucial for the long-term culture of three-dimensional cell aggregates such as organoids, spheroids, tumoroids, and tissue explants. Despite the rapid advancement of microvascular network systems and organoid technology, vascularizing organoids-on-chips remains a challenge in tissue engineering. Moreover, most existing microfluidic devices poorly reflect the complexity of in vivo flows and require complex technical settings to operate. Considering these constraints, we developed an innovative platform to establish and monitor the formation of endothelial networks around model spheroids of mesenchymal and endothelial cells as well as blood vessel organoids generated from pluripotent stem cells, cultured for up to 15 days on-chip. Importantly, these networks were functional, demonstrating intravascular perfusion within the spheroids or vascular organoids connected to neighbouring endothelial beds. This microphysiological system thus represents a viable organ-on-chip model to vascularize biological tissues and should allow to establish perfusion into organoids using advanced microfluidics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Quintard, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jonsson, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laporte, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bissardon, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pitaval, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Werschler, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leopoldi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagelkrüys, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blandin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Achard, J.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Navarro, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fouillet, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penninger, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gidrol, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.29.474327</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An automated microfluidic platform integrating functional vascularized organoids-on-chip]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.01.06.475031v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MethylScore, a pipeline for accurate and context-aware identification of differentially methylated regions from population-scale plant WGBS data 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.01.06.475031v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) is the standard method for profiling DNA methylation at single-nucleotide resolution. Many WGBS-based studies aim to identify biologically relevant loci that display differential methylation between genotypes, treatment groups, tissues, or developmental stages. Over the years, different tools have been developed to extract differentially methylated regions (DMRs) from whole-genome data. Often, such tools are built upon assumptions from mammalian data and do not consider the substantially more complex and variable nature of plant DNA methylation. Here, we present MethylScore, a pipeline to analyze WGBS data and to account for plant-specific DNA methylation properties. MethylScore processes data from genomic alignments to DMR output and is designed to be usable by novice and expert users alike. It uses an unsupervised machine learning approach to segment the genome by classification into states of high and low methylation, substantially reducing the number of necessary statistical tests while increasing the signal-to-noise ratio and the statistical power. We show how MethylScore can identify DMRs from hundreds of samples and how its data-driven approach can stratify associated samples without prior information. We identify DMRs in the A. thaliana 1001 Genomes dataset to unveil known and unknown genotype-epigenotype associations. MethylScore is an accessible pipeline for plant WGBS data, with unprecedented features for DMR calling in small- and large-scale datasets; it is built as a Nextflow pipeline and its source code is available at https://github.com/Computomics/MethylScore.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hüther, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagmann, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nunn, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kakoulidou, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pisupati, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Langenberger, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weigel, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johannes, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schultheiss, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.06.475031</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MethylScore, a pipeline for accurate and context-aware identification of differentially methylated regions from population-scale plant WGBS data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.01.10.475685v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-GBS: A massively multiplexed GBS-based protocol optimized for large, repetitive conifer genomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.01.10.475685v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Reduced representation library approaches are still a valuable tool for breeding and population and ecological genomics, even with impressive increases in sequencing capacity in recent years. Unfortunately, current approaches only allow for multiplexing up to 384 samples. To take advantage of increased sequencing capacity, we present Multi-GBS, a massively multiplexable extension to Genotyping-by-Sequencing that is also optimized for large conifer genomes. In Norway Spruce, a highly repetitive 20Gbp diploid genome with high population genetic variation, we call over a million variants in 32 genotypes from three populations, two natural forest in the Alps and Bohemian Alps, and a managed population from southeastern Austria using the existing TASSEL GBSv2 pipeline. Metric MDS analysis of replicated genotypes shows that technical bias in resulting genotype calling is minimal and that populations cluster in biologically meaningful ways.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vallebueno-Estrada, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steindl, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akulova, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riefler, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slusarz, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arizpe, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swarts, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.10.475685</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-GBS: A massively multiplexed GBS-based protocol optimized for large, repetitive conifer genomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.01.10.475641v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The genetic structure of a wild wheat population has remained associated with microhabitats over 36 years 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.01.10.475641v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Long-term genetic studies of wild populations are very scarce, but are essential for connecting ecological and population genetics models, and for understanding the dynamics of biodiversity. We present a study of a wild wheat population sampled over a 36-year period at high spatial resolution. We genotyped 832 individuals from regular sampling along transects during the course of the experiment. Genotypes were clustered into ecological microhabitats over scales of tens of metres, and this clustering was remarkably stable over the 36 generations of the study. Simulations show that it is difficult to explain this spatial and temporal stability using only limited dispersal, suggesting a role for fine-scale local adaptation to ecological parameters. Using a common-garden experiment, we showed that the genotypes found in distinct microhabitats differ phenotypically, further supporting the hypothesis of local adaptation. Our results provide a rare insight into the population genetics of a natural population over a long monitoring period.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dahan-Meir, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellis, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mafessoni, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sela, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manisterski, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avivi-Ragolsky, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feldman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anikster, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nordborg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levy, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.10.475641</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The genetic structure of a wild wheat population has remained associated with microhabitats over 36 years]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.01.07.475367v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcription shapes 3D chromatin organization by interacting with loop-extruding cohesin complexes 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.01.07.475367v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cohesin folds mammalian interphase chromosomes by extruding the chromatin fiber into numerous loops. "Loop extrusion" can be impeded by chromatin-bound factors, such as CTCF, which generates characteristic and functional chromatin organization patterns. It has been proposed that transcription relocalizes or interferes with cohesin, and that active promoters are cohesin loading sites. However, the effects of transcription on cohesin have not been reconciled with observations of active extrusion by cohesin. To determine how transcription modulates extrusion, we studied mouse cells in which we could alter cohesin abundance, dynamics, and localization by genetic  knockouts of the cohesin regulators CTCF and Wapl. Through Hi-C experiments, we discovered intricate, cohesin-dependent contact patterns near active genes. Chromatin organization around active genes exhibited hallmarks of interactions between transcribing RNA polymerases (RNAPs) and extruding cohesins. These observations could be reproduced by polymer simulations in which RNAPs were "moving barriers" to extrusion that obstructed, slowed, and pushed cohesins. The simulations predicted that preferential loading of cohesin at promoters is inconsistent with our experimental data. Additional ChIP-seq experiments showed that the putative cohesin loader Nipbl is not predominantly enriched at promoters. Therefore, we propose that cohesin is not preferentially loaded at promoters and that the barrier function of RNAP accounts for cohesin accumulation at active promoters. Altogether, we find that RNAP is a new type of extrusion barrier that is not stationary, but rather, translocates and relocalizes cohesin. Loop extrusion and transcription might interact to dynamically generate and maintain gene interactions with regulatory elements and shape functional genomic organization.

Significance StatementLoop extrusion by cohesin is critical to folding the mammalian genome into loops. Extrusion can be halted by CTCF proteins bound at specific genomic loci, which generates chromosomal domains and can regulate gene expression. However, the process of transcription itself can modulate cohesin, thus refolding chromosomes near active genes. Through experiments and simulations, we show that transcribing RNA polymerases (RNAPs) act as "moving barriers" to loop-extruding cohesins. Unlike stationary CTCF barriers, RNAPs actively relocalize cohesins, which generates characteristic patterns of spatial organization around active genes. Our model predicts that the barrier function of RNAP can explain why cohesin accumulates at active promoters and provides a mechanism for clustering active promoters. Through transcription-extrusion interactions, cells might dynamically regulate functional genomic contacts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Banigan, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van den Berg, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stocsits, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wutz, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandao, H. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Busslinger, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirny, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.07.475367</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcription shapes 3D chromatin organization by interacting with loop-extruding cohesin complexes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.01.04.474903v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure of a bacterial ribonucleoprotein complex central to the control of cell envelope biogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.01.04.474903v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The biogenesis of the essential precursor of the bacterial cell envelope, glucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcN6P), is controlled through intricate post-transcription networks mediated by GlmZ, a small regulatory RNA (sRNA). GlmZ stimulates translation of the mRNA encoding GlcN6P synthetase in Escherichia coli, but when bound by the protein RapZ, it becomes inactivated through cleavage by the endoribonuclease RNase E. Here we report the cryoEM structure of the RapZ:GlmZ complex, revealing a complementary match of the protein tetrameric quaternary structure to an imperfect structural repeat in the RNA. The RNA is contacted mostly through a highly conserved domain of RapZ that shares deep evolutionary relationship with phosphofructokinase and suggests links between metabolism and riboregulation. We also present the structure of a pre-cleavage encounter intermediate formed between the binary RapZ:GlmZ complex and RNase E that reveals how GlmZ is presented and recognised for cleavage. The structures suggest how other encounter complexes might guide recognition and action of endoribonucleases on target transcripts, and how structured substrates in polycistronic precursors are recognised for processing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Luisi, B. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Islam, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hardwick, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quell, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chirgadze, D. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Görke, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.04.474903</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure of a bacterial ribonucleoprotein complex central to the control of cell envelope biogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.01.10.475709v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Automation of tree-ring detection and measurements using deep learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.01.10.475709v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
O_LIWe present an implementable neural network-based automated detection and measurement of tree-ring boundaries from coniferous species.
C_LIO_LIWe trained our Mask R-CNN extensively on over 8,000 manually annotated rings. We assessed the performance of the trained model from our core processing pipeline on real world data.
C_LIO_LIThe CNN performed well, recognizing over 99% of ring boundaries (precision) and a recall value of 95% when tested on real world data. Additionally, we have implemented automatic measurements based on minimum distance between rings. With minimal editing for missed ring detections, these measurements were a 99% match with human measurements of the same samples.
C_LIO_LIOur CNN is readily deployable through a Docker container and requires only basic command line skills. Application outputs include editable annotations which facilitate the efficient generation of ring-width measurements from tree-ring samples, an important source of environmental data.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Polacek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arizpe, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hüther, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weidlich, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steindl, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swarts, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.10.475709</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Automation of tree-ring detection and measurements using deep learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.01.12.476004v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Precise Transcript Reconstruction with End-Guided Assembly 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.01.12.476004v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accurate annotation of transcript isoforms is crucial to understand gene functions, but automated methods for reconstructing full-length transcripts from RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data remain imprecise. We developed Bookend, a software package for transcript assembly that incorporates data from different RNA-seq techniques, with a focus on identifying and utilizing RNA 5' and 3' ends. Through end-guided assembly with Bookend we demonstrate that correct modeling of transcript start and end sites is essential for precise transcript assembly. Furthermore, we discovered that utilization of end-labeled reads present in full-length single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) datasets dramatically improves the precision of transcript assembly in single cells. Finally, we show that hybrid assembly across short-read, long-read, and end-capture RNA-seq datasets from Arabidopsis, as well as meta-assembly of RNA-seq from single mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) can produce end-to-end transcript annotations of comparable quality to reference annotations in these model organisms.

Summary statementBookend is a generalized framework that utilizes RNA 5' and 3' end information hidden in RNA-seq datasets to accurately reconstruct transcriptomes including those from single cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schon, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lutzmayer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hofmann, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nodine, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.12.476004</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Precise Transcript Reconstruction with End-Guided Assembly]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.01.10.475611v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Heritable and climatic sources of variation in juvenile tree growth in an Austrian common garden experiment of Central European Norway spruce populations 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.01.10.475611v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We leveraged publicly available data on juvenile tree height of 299 Central European Norway spruce populations grown in a common garden experiment across 24 diverse trial locations in Austria and weather data from the trial locations and population provenances to parse the heritable and climatic components of juvenile tree height variation. Principal component analysis of geospatial and weather variables demonstrated high interannual variation among trial environments, largely driven by differences in precipitation, and separation of population provenances based on altitude, temperature, and snowfall. Tree height was highly heritable and modeling the covariance between populations and trial environments based on climatic data led to more stable estimation of heritability and population x environment variance. Climatic similarity among population provenances was highly predictive of population x environment estimates for tree height.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Morales, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swarts, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.10.475611</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Heritable and climatic sources of variation in juvenile tree growth in an Austrian common garden experiment of Central European Norway spruce populations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.01.18.476828v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Complex genetic architecture underlying the plasticity of maize agronomic traits 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.01.18.476828v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phenotypic plasticity is the property of a given genotype to produce multiple phenotypes in response to changing environmental conditions. Understanding the genetic basis of phenotypic plasticity and establishing a predictive model is highly relevant for future agriculture under changing climate. Here, we report findings on the genetic basis of phenotypic plasticity for 23 complex traits using a maize diverse population, planted at five sites with distinct environmental conditions and genotyped with ~ 6.60 million SNPs. We found that altitude-related environmental factors were main drivers for across site variation in flowering time traits but not plant architecture and yield traits. For 23 traits, we detected 109 QTLs, of which 29 was for mean, 66 was for plasticity, and 14 for both parameters, besides, 80% of the QTLs were interreacted with the environment. The effects of several QTLs changed in magnitude or sign, driving variation in phenotype plasticity, and we further experimentally validated one plastic gene ZmTPS14.1 whose effect was likely mediated by the compensation effect of ZmSPL6 which was from the downstream pathway probably. By integrating genetic diversity, environmental variation, and their interaction in a joint model, we could provide site-specific predictions with increased accuracy by as much as 15.5%, 3.8%, and 4.4% for DTT, PH, and EW, respectively. Overall, we revealed a complex genetic architecture involving multiallelic, pleiotropy, and genotype by environment interaction underlying maize complex trait mean and plasticity variation. Our study thus provided novel insights into the dynamic genetic architectures of agronomic traits in response to changing environments, paving a practical route to precision agriculture.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.18.476828</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Complex genetic architecture underlying the plasticity of maize agronomic traits]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.01.25.477718v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Two AGO proteins with transposon-derived sRNA cargo mark the germline in Arabidopsis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.01.25.477718v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Summary paragraphIn sexually propagating organisms, genetic and epigenetic mutations are evolutionarily relevant only if they occur in the germline and provide inherited information to the next generation. In contrast to most animals, plants are thought to lack an early segregating germline, implying that somatic cells can contribute genetic information to the progeny. Here we demonstrate that two ARGONAUTE proteins, AGO5 and AGO9, mark an early-segregating germline. Both AGOs are loaded with dynamically changing populations of small RNAs derived from highly methylated, pericentromeric, long transposons. Sequencing single nuclei revealed that many of these transposons are co-expressed within an AGO5/9 expression domain of the shoot apical meristem (SAM). This indicates a host-parasite tug of war and specific silencing pathways along the plant germline throughout development. Our results open the path to investigate transposon biology and epigenome dynamics at cellular resolution in the SAM stem cell niche.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bradamante, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, V. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Incarbone, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meir, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bente, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dona, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lettner, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mittelsten Scheid, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutzat, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.25.477718</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Two AGO proteins with transposon-derived sRNA cargo mark the germline in Arabidopsis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.01.31.478442v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Matrix topology guides collective cell migration in vivo 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.01.31.478442v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Diverse modes of cell migration shape organisms in health and disease and much research has focused on the role of intracellular and extracellular components in different cell migration phenomena. What is less explored, however, is how the arrangement of the underlying extracellular matrix that many cells move upon in vivo influences migration.

Combining novel transgenic lines and image analysis pipelines, reveals that during zebrafish optic cup formation cells use cryptopodia-like protrusions to migrate collectively and actively over a topologically changing matrix. These changing topologies correspond to different cell-matrix interactions. Interference with matrix topology results in loss of cryptopodia and inefficient migration. Thus, matrix topology influences the efficiency of directed collective cell migration during eye morphogenesis, a concept likely conserved in other developmental and disease contexts.

One-Sentence SummaryDynamic cell-matrix interactions, crucial for successful collective rim cell migration, rely on extracellular matrix topologies during optic cup development in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Soans, K. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramos, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sidhaye, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishna, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solomatina, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffmann, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schluessler, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guck, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sbalzarini, I. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Modes, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norden, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.31.478442</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Matrix topology guides collective cell migration in vivo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.02.09.479810v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Conditional GWAS of non-CG transposon methylation in Arabidopsis thaliana reveals major polymorphisms in five genes 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.02.09.479810v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed that the striking natural variation for DNA CHH-methylation (mCHH; H is A, T, or C) of transposons has oligogenic architecture involving major alleles at a handful of known methylation regulators. Here we use a conditional GWAS approach to show that CHG-methylation (mCHG) has a similar genetic architecture -- once mCHH is statistically controlled for. We identify five key trans-regulators that appear to modulate mCHG levels, and show that they interact with a previously identified modifier of mCHH in regulating natural transposon mobilization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sasaki, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reichardt-Gomez, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizhynska, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nordborg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.09.479810</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Conditional GWAS of non-CG transposon methylation in Arabidopsis thaliana reveals major polymorphisms in five genes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.02.04.477531v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Viviparity is sufficient for the evolution of genomic imprinting 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.02.04.477531v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Complex mechanisms regulate gene dosage throughout eukaryotic life cycles. Mechanisms controlling gene dosage have been extensively studied in animals, however it is unknown how generalizable these mechanisms are to diverse eukaryotes. Here, we use the haploid plant Marchantia polymorpha to assess gene dosage control in its short-lived diploid embryo. We show that throughout embryogenesis, paternal chromosomes are repressed resulting in functional haploidy. The paternal genome is targeted for genomic imprinting by the Polycomb mark H3K27me3 starting at fertilization, rendering the maternal genome in control of embryogenesis. Maintaining haploid gene dosage by this new form of imprinting is essential for embryonic development. Our findings illustrate how haploid-dominant species can regulate gene dosage through paternal chromosome inactivation and initiates the exploration of the link between life cycle history and gene dosage in a broader range of organisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Montgomery, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hisanaga, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Axelsson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akimcheva, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sramek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berger, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.04.477531</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Viviparity is sufficient for the evolution of genomic imprinting]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.02.08.479534v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
FoxP3 can fold into two distinct dimerization states with divergent functional implications for T cell homeostasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.02.08.479534v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
FoxP3 is an essential transcription factor (TF) for immunologic homeostasis, but how it utilizes the common forkhead DNA-binding domain (DBD) to perform its unique function remains poorly understood. We here demonstrate that, unlike other known forkhead TFs, FoxP3 forms a head-to-head dimer using a unique linker (Runx1-binding region, RBR) preceding the forkhead domain. Head-to-head dimerization confers distinct DNA-binding specificity and creates a docking site for the cofactor Runx1. RBR is also important for proper folding of the forkhead domain, as truncation of RBR induces domain-swap dimerization of forkhead, which was previously considered the physiological form of FoxP3. Rather, swap-dimerization impairs FoxP3 function, as demonstrated with the disease-causing mutation R337Q, while a swap-suppressive mutation largely rescues R337Q-mediated functional impairment. Altogether, our findings suggest that FoxP3 can fold into two distinct dimerization states: head-to-head dimerization representing functional specialization of an ancient DBD and swap-dimerization with impaired functions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Leng, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramirez, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Veeken, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rudensk, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benoist, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hur, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.08.479534</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[FoxP3 can fold into two distinct dimerization states with divergent functional implications for T cell homeostasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.02.16.480680v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Autophagy promotes programmed cell death and corpse clearance in specific cell types of the Arabidopsis root cap 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.02.16.480680v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Autophagy is a conserved quality control pathway that mediates the degradation of unnecessary or dysfunctional cellular components by targeting them to the lysosomes or central vacuoles. Autophagy has been implicated in the regulation or execution of regulated cell death processes in a wide range of eukaryotes. However, its function in developmentally controlled programmed cell death (dPCD) in plants remains little studied and controversial. Here, we investigated the role of autophagy in dPCD using the Arabidopsis root cap as an accessible and genetically tractable model system. We show that autophagic flux is induced prior to dPCD execution in both root cap tissues, the columella and the lateral root cap (LRC), and impaired in autophagy-deficient mutants. These mutants show a strongly delayed cell death and an absence of corpse clearance in the columella during and after their shedding into the rhizosphere. However, autophagy deficiency does not affect dPCD execution or corpse clearance in LRC cells at the distal end of the root cap. Our results demonstrate that autophagy promotes dPCD in a highly cell-type specific manner, and present the root cap as a powerful model system to study organ-specific autophagy in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Feng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Rycke, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dagdas, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nowack, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.16.480680</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Autophagy promotes programmed cell death and corpse clearance in specific cell types of the Arabidopsis root cap]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.02.21.480921v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptional response of a target plant to benzoxazinoid and diterpene allelochemicals highlights commonalities in detoxification 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.02.21.480921v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plants growing in proximity to other plants are exposed to a variety of metabolites that these neighbors release into the environment. Some species produce allelochemicals to inhibit growth of neighboring plants, which in turn have evolved ways to detoxify these compounds. In order to understand how the allelochemical-receiving target plants respond to chemically diverse compounds, we performed whole-genome transcriptome analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana exposed to either the benzoxazinoid derivative 2-amino-3H-phenoxazin-3-one (APO) or momilactone B. These two allelochemicals belong to two very different compound classes, benzoxazinoids and diterpenes, respectively, produced by different cereal crop species. Despite their distinct chemical nature, we observed similar molecular responses of A. thaliana to these allelochemicals. In particular, many of the same or closely related genes belonging to the three-phase detoxification pathway were upregulated in both treatments. Further, we observed an overlap between genes upregulated by allelochemicals and those involved in herbicide detoxification. Our findings highlight the overlap in the transcriptional response of a target plant to natural and synthetic phytotoxic compounds and illustrate how herbicide resistance could arise via pathways involved in plant-plant interaction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Knoch, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kovacs, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deiber, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shanmuganathan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serra, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schandry, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.21.480921</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptional response of a target plant to benzoxazinoid and diterpene allelochemicals highlights commonalities in detoxification]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.02.26.482093v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Plant autophagosomes mature into amphisomes prior to their delivery to the central vacuole 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.02.26.482093v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Autophagosomes are double-membraned vesicles that traffic harmful or unwanted cellular macromolecules to the vacuole for recycling. Although autophagosome biogenesis has been extensively studied, mechanisms of autophagosome maturation, i.e., delivery and fusion with the vacuole, remain largely unknown in plants. Here, we have identified an autophagy adaptor, CFS1, that directly interacts with the autophagosome marker ATG8 and localizes on both membranes of the autophagosome. Autophagosomes form normally in Arabidopsis thaliana cfs1 mutants, but their delivery to the vacuole is disrupted. CFS1s function is evolutionarily conserved in plants as it also localizes to the autophagosomes and plays a role in autophagic flux in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. CFS1 regulates autophagic flux by connecting autophagosomes with the ESCRT-I component VPS23, leading to the formation of amphisomes. Disrupting the VPS23-CFS1 interaction affects autophagic flux and renders plants sensitive to starvation stress. Altogether, our results reveal a deeply conserved mechanism of vacuolar delivery in plants that is mediated by amphisomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bui, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuenzl, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De La Concepcion, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petsangouraki, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohseni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia Leon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salas-Gomez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giannini, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gwennogan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kobylinska, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clavel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schellmann, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaillais, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friml, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, B.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dagdas, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.26.482093</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Plant autophagosomes mature into amphisomes prior to their delivery to the central vacuole]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.02.23.481166v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Domestication and lowland adaptation of coastal preceramic maize from Paredones, Peru 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.02.23.481166v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Archaeological cobs from Paredones and Huaca Prieta (Peru) are phenotypically indistinguishable from modern maize. This contrasts with the earliest Mexican macro-specimens from Guila Naquitz and San Marcos, which are phenotypically intermediate even though they date more recently in time. These observations suggest at least two alternative scenarios, one in which maize was domesticated earlier than previously thought in the lowland Mesoamerica, followed by rapid lowland dispersal to Peru, and another in which maize was independently domesticated in South America and subsequently lost, as current evidence supports a single origin for all modern maize. To gain insights into the origins of ancient Peruvian maize, we sequenced DNA from three Paredones specimens dating 6775 to 5000 calibrated years before present (BP) and conducted comparative analyses with two teosinte subspecies (Zea mays ssp. mexicana and parviglumis) and extant maize, including highland and lowland landraces from Mesoamerica and South America. We show that Paredones maize originated from the same domestication event as Mexican maize and was domesticated by 6775 BP, implying rapid dispersal followed by improvement. Paredones maize show minimal levels of gene flow from mexicana, smaller than those observed in teosinte parviglumis. It also harbors significantly fewer alleles previously found to be adaptive to highlands, but not of alleles adaptive to lowlands, supporting a lowland migration route. Our overall results imply that Paredones maize originated in Mesoamerica, arrived in Peru without mexicana introgression through a rapid lowland migration route, and underwent improvements in both Mesoamerica and South America.

Significance StatementThe coastal Peruvian preceramic sites of Paredones and Huaca Prieta provide the earliest known maize macro-remains. Found more than 3,800 km away from the maize center of origin and presenting a phenotypically modern cob constitution relative to their antiquity, these specimens represent a paradox for understanding maize evolution and dispersal. We show that Paredones maize originated in Mesoamerica, like all known maize, and arrived in South America without introgression from the teosinte mexicana. Since modern maize has substantial contributions from mexicana, it raises the question of when mexicana introgression spread to South America. Paredones maize preferentially shares adaptive allelic diversity with lowland Mesoamerican samples, suggesting a migration route probably associated with a coastal corridor previously identified with archeological findings.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vallebueno-Estrada, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez-Robles, G. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez-Orozco, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Valdivia, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tham, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez, V. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swarts, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dillehay, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vielle-Calzada, J.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montiel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.23.481166</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Domestication and lowland adaptation of coastal preceramic maize from Paredones, Peru]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.02.17.480904v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 1 (LRP1) is a host factor for RNA viruses including SARS-CoV-2 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.02.17.480904v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Viruses with an RNA genome are often the cause of zoonotic infections. In order to identify novel pro-viral host cell factors, we screened a haploid insertion-mutagenized mouse embryonic cell library for clones that rendered them resistant to the zoonotic Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV; family Phleboviridae, order Bunyavirales). This screen returned the Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related protein 1 (LRP1, or CD91) as top hit, a 600 kDa plasma membrane protein known to be involved in a wide variety of cell activities. Inactivation of LRP1 expression in human cells reduced RVFV RNA levels already at the attachment and entry stages of infection. Moreover, the role of LRP1 in promoting RVFV infection was dependent on physiological levels of cholesterol and on endocytosis. In the highly LRP1-positive human cell line HuH-7, LRP1 also promoted the early infection stages of Sandfly fever Sicilian virus (SFSV; family Phleboviridae, order Bunyavirales), La Crosse virus (LACV; family Peribunyaviridae, order Bunyavirales), had a minor effect on RNA levels during the late infection stages by vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV; family Rhabdoviridae, order Mononegavirales), whereas infection by Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV, family Picornaviridae) was entirely LRP1-independent. Moreover, siRNA experoments in human Calu-3 cells demonstrated that also SARS-CoV-2 infection benefitted from LRP1. Thus, we identified LRP1 as a host factor that supports infection by a spectrum of RNA viruses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Devignot, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sha, T. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burkard, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmerer, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagelkruys, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirazimi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elling, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penninger, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weber, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.17.480904</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 1 (LRP1) is a host factor for RNA viruses including SARS-CoV-2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.02.16.480748v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bioframe: Operations on Genomic Intervals in Pandas Dataframes 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.02.16.480748v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationGenomic intervals are one of the most prevalent data structures in computational genome biology, and used to represent features ranging from genes, to DNA binding sites, to disease variants. Operations on genomic intervals provide a language for asking questions about relationships between features. While there are excellent interval arithmetic tools for the command line, they are not smoothly integrated into Python, one of the most popular general-purpose computational and visualization environments.

ResultsBioframe is a library to enable flexible and performant operations on genomic interval dataframes in Python. Bioframe extends the Python data science stack to use cases for computational genome biology by building directly on top of two of the most commonly-used Python libraries, numpy and pandas. The bioframe API enables flexible name and column orders, and decouples operations from data formats to avoid unnecessary conversions, a common scourge for bioinformaticians. Bioframe achieves these goals while maintaining high performance and a rich set of features.

Availability and implementationBioframe is open-source under MIT license, cross-platform, and can be installed from the Python package index. The source code is maintained by Open2C on Github at https://github.com/open2c/bioframe.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Open2C,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdennur, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fudenberg, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flyamer, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galitsyna, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goloborodko, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imakaev, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venev, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.16.480748</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bioframe: Operations on Genomic Intervals in Pandas Dataframes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.02.26.482114v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The SPOC domain is a phosphoserine binding module that bridges transcription machinery with co- and post-transcriptional regulators 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.02.26.482114v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The heptarepeats of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) are extensively modified throughout the transcription cycle. The CTD coordinates RNA synthesis and processing by recruiting transcription regulation factors as well as RNA capping, splicing and 3end processing factors. The SPOC domain of PHF3 was recently identified as a new CTD reader domain specifically binding to phosphorylated serine-2 residues in adjacent CTD repeats. Here, we establish the SPOC domains of the human proteins DIDO, SHARP and RBM15 as phosphoserine binding modules that can act as CTD readers but also recognize other phosphorylated binding partners. We report the crystal structure of SHARP (SPEN) SPOC-CTD and identify the molecular determinants for its specific binding to phosphorylated serine-5. PHF3 and DIDO SPOC domains preferentially interact with the Pol II elongation complex, while RBM15 and SHARP SPOC domains engage with the m6A writer and reader proteins. Our findings establish the SPOC domain as a major interface between the transcription machinery and regulators of transcription and co-transcriptional processes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Appel, L.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grishkovskaya, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benedum, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franke, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polyansky, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neudolt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wunder, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zagrovic, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akalin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Djinovic-Carugo, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slade, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.26.482114</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The SPOC domain is a phosphoserine binding module that bridges transcription machinery with co- and post-transcriptional regulators]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.03.02.482658v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PCYT2 controls muscle health and muscle aging 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.03.02.482658v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Muscle degeneration is the most prevalent cause for frailty and dependency in inherited diseases and ageing, affecting hundreds of millions of people. Elucidation of pathophysiological mechanisms, as well as effective treatments for muscle diseases represents an important goal in improving human health. Here, we show that phosphatidylethanolamine cytidyltransferase (PCYT2/ECT), the critical enzyme of the Kennedy branch of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) synthesis pathway, has an essential role in muscle health. Human genetic deficiency in PCYT2 causes a severe disease with failure to thrive and progressive muscle weakness. Pcyt2 mutant zebrafish recapitulate the patient phenotypes, indicating that the role of PCYT2/PE in muscle is evolutionary conserved. Muscle specific Pcyt2 knockout mice exhibited failure to thrive, impaired muscle development, progressive muscle weakness, muscle loss, accelerated ageing, and reduced lifespan. Mechanistically, Pcyt2 deficiency affects mitochondrial bioenergetics and physicochemical properties of the myofiber membrane lipid bilayer, in particular under exercise strain. We also show that PCYT2 activity declines in the aging muscles of humans and mice. AAV-based delivery of PCYT2 rescued muscle weakness in Pcyt2 knock-out mice and, importantly, improved muscle strength in old mice, offering a novel therapeutic avenue for rare disease patients and muscle aging. Thus, PCYT2 plays a fundamental, specific, and conserved role in vertebrate muscle health, linking PCYT2 and PCYT2 synthesized PE lipids to severe muscle dystrophy, exercise intolerance and aging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cikes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elsayad, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sezgin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koitai, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferenc, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orthofer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yarwood, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heinz, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sedlyarov, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darwish-Miranda, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grapentine, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>al-Murshedi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abot, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weidinger, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kutchukian, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cronin, S. J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novatchkova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kavirayani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schuetz, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haubner, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haas, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagelkrueys, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackowski, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kozlov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacquemond, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knauf, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Superti-Furga, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rullman, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gustafsson, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDermott, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lowe, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Radak, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chamberlain, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakovic, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banka, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penninger, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.02.482658</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PCYT2 controls muscle health and muscle aging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.03.06.483192v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural maturation of SYCP1-mediated meiotic chromosome synapsis through conformational remodelling by molecular adapter SYCE3 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.03.06.483192v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In meiosis, a supramolecular protein structure, the synaptonemal complex (SC), assembles between homologous chromosomes to facilitate their recombination. Mammalian SC formation is thought to involve hierarchical zipper-like assembly of an SYCP1 protein lattice that recruits stabilising central element (CE) proteins as it extends. Here, we combine biochemical approaches with separation-of-function mutagenesis in mice to uncover that, rather than stabilising the SYCP1 lattice, the CE protein SYCE3 actively remodels this structure during synapsis. We find that SYCP1 tetramers undergo conformational change into 2:1 heterotrimers upon SYCE3-binding, removing their assembly interfaces and disrupting the SYCP1 lattice. SYCE3 then establishes a new lattice by its self-assembly mimicking the role of the disrupted interface in tethering together SYCP1 dimers. SYCE3 also interacts with CE complexes SYCE1-SIX6OS1 and SYCE2-TEX12, providing a mechanism for their recruitment. Thus, SYCE3 remodels the SYCP1 lattice into a CE-binding integrated SYCP1-SYCE3 lattice to achieve long-range synapsis by a mature SC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Crichton, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunce, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunne, O. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salmon, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devenney, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, I. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davies, O. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.06.483192</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural maturation of SYCP1-mediated meiotic chromosome synapsis through conformational remodelling by molecular adapter SYCE3]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.03.11.483643v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cellular stress in brain organoids is limited to a distinct and bioinformatically removable subpopulation. 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.03.11.483643v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Organoids enable disease modeling in complex and structured human tissue, in vitro. Like most 3D models, they lack sufficient oxygen supply, leading to cellular stress. These negative effects are particularly prominent in complex models, like brain organoids, where they can prevent proper lineage commitment. Here, we analyze brain organoid and fetal single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) data from published and new datasets totaling over 190,000 cells. We describe a unique stress signature found in all organoid samples, but not in fetal samples. We demonstrate that cell stress is limited to a defined organoid cell population, and present Gruffi, an algorithm that uses granular functional filtering to identify and remove stressed cells from any organoid scRNAseq dataset in an unbiased manner. Our data show that adverse effects of cell stress can be corrected by bioinformatic analysis, improving developmental trajectories and resemblance to fetal data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vertesy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eichmueller, O. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naas, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novatchkova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esk, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balmana, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ladstaetter, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bock, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>von Haeseler, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knoblich, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.11.483643</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cellular stress in brain organoids is limited to a distinct and bioinformatically removable subpopulation.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.03.11.483953v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure and regulation of the Myotonic dystrophy kinase-Related Cdc42-binding Kinase 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.03.11.483953v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Remodeling of the cytoskeleton underlies myriad processes essential for life. Protein kinases of the DMPK family are critical regulators of actomyosin contractility in cells. In the nematode worm, Caenorhabditis elegans, MRCK1 is required for the activation of myosin, leading to the development of cortical tension, apical constriction and early gastrulation. Here, we present the structure, conformation, and membrane-binding properties of C. elegans MRCK1. MRCK1 forms an obligate homodimer with N-terminal kinase domains, a parallel coiled-coil of 55 nm, and a C-terminal tripartite module of C1, PH and CNH domains. High-throughput liposome binding assays indicate binding to specific phosphoinositides, while the C-terminal Cdc42-binding (CRIB) motif binds specifically to activated Cdc42. The length of the coiled-coil domain of MRCK, as well as those of the related DMPK kinases ROCK, CRIK and DMPK, is remarkably conserved over millions of years of evolution, suggesting that they may function as molecular rulers to precisely position kinase activity at a fixed distance from the membrane.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Truebestein, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waltenberger, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gehin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gavin, A.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leonard, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.11.483953</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure and regulation of the Myotonic dystrophy kinase-Related Cdc42-binding Kinase]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.03.16.484610v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic and environmental drivers of large-scale epigenetic variation in Thlaspi arvense 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.03.16.484610v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Natural plant populations often harbour substantial heritable variation in DNA methylation. However, a thorough understanding of the genetic and environmental drivers of this epigenetic variation requires large-scale and high-resolution data, which currently exist only for a few model species. Here, we studied 207 lines of the annual weed Thlaspi arvense (field pennycress), collected across a large latitudinal gradient in Europe and propagated in a common environment. By screening for variation in DNA sequence and DNA methylation using whole-genome (bisulfite) sequencing, we found significant epigenetic population structure across Europe. Average levels of DNA methylation were strongly context-dependent, with highest DNA methylation in CG context, particularly in transposable elements and in intergenic regions. Residual DNA methylation variation within all contexts was associated with genetic variants, which often co-localized with annotated methylation machinery genes but also with new candidates. Variation in DNA methylation was also significantly associated with climate of origin, with methylation levels being higher in warmer regions and lower in more variable climates. Finally, we used variance decomposition to assess genetic versus environmental associations with differentially methylation regions (DMRs). We found that while genetic variation was generally the strongest predictor of DMRs, the strength of environmental associations increased from CG to CHG and CHH, with climate-of-origin as the strongest predictor in about one third of the CHH DMRs. In summary, our data show that natural epigenetic variation in Thlaspi arvense is significantly associated with both DNA sequence and environment of origin, and that the relative importance of the two factors strongly depends on the sequence context of DNA methylation. T. arvense is an emerging biofuel and winter cover crop; our results may hence be relevant for breeding efforts and agricultural practices in the context of rapidly changing environmental conditions.

Author SummaryVariation within species is an important level of biodiversity, and it is key for future adaptation. Besides variation in DNA sequence, plants also harbour heritable variation in DNA methylation, and we want to understand the evolutionary significance of this epigenetic variation, in particular how much of it is under genetic control, and how much is associated with the environment. We addressed these questions in a high-resolution molecular analysis of 207 lines of the common plant field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense), which we collected across Europe, propagated under standardized conditions, and sequenced for their genetic and epigenetic variation. We found large geographic variation in DNA methylation, associated with both DNA sequence and climate of origin. Genetic variation was generally the stronger predictor of DNA methylation variation, but the strength of environmental association varied between different sequence contexts. Climate-of-origin was the strongest predictor in about one third of the differentially methylated regions in the CHH context, which suggests that epigenetic variation may play a role in the short-term climate adaptation of pennycress. As pennycress is currently being domesticated as a new biofuel and winter cover crop, our results may be relevant also for agriculture, particularly in changing environments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Galanti, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramos-Cruz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nunn, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez-Arevalo, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheepens, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bossdorf, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.16.484610</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic and environmental drivers of large-scale epigenetic variation in Thlaspi arvense]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.03.15.484455v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Endocytosis is required for access of surface-bound cargo to the flagellar pocket of trypanosomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.03.15.484455v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
All endo- and exocytosis in the African trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei occurs at a single subdomain of the plasma membrane. This subdomain, the flagellar pocket, is a small vase-shaped invagination containing the root of the cells single flagellum. Several cytoskeleton-associated multiprotein complexes are coiled around the neck of the flagellar pocket on its cytoplasmic face. One of these, the hook complex, was proposed to affect macromolecule entry into the flagellar pocket lumen. In previous work, knockdown of the hook complex component TbMORN1 resulted in larger cargo being unable to enter the flagellar pocket. In this study, the hook complex component TbSmee1 was characterised in bloodstream form Trypanosoma brucei and was found to be essential for cell viability. TbSmee1 knockdown resulted in flagellar pocket enlargement and impaired access to the flagellar pocket membrane by surface-bound cargo, similar to depletion of TbMORN1. Unexpectedly, inhibition of endocytosis by knockdown of clathrin phenocopied TbSmee1 knockdown, suggesting that endocytic activity itself is a prerequisite for the entry of surface-bound cargo into the flagellar pocket.

SummaryCharacterisation of the essential trypanosome protein TbSmee1 suggests that endocytosis is required for flagellar pocket access of surface-bound cargo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schichler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spath, E.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Konle, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riegler, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klein, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seleznev, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wuppermann, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wetterich, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borges, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer-Natus, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Havlicek, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cabrera, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niedermueller, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sajko, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dohn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malzer, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riemer, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tumurbaatar, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Djinovic-Carugo, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janzen, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morriswood, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.15.484455</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Endocytosis is required for access of surface-bound cargo to the flagellar pocket of trypanosomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.03.18.484917v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hepatocyte-specific loss of LAP2α reduces hepatic steatosis in male mice by enhancing LMNA-mediated transcriptional regulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.03.18.484917v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
There is increasing evidence for the importance of the nuclear envelope in lipid metabolism, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Human mutations in LMNA, encoding A-type nuclear lamins, cause early-onset insulin resistance and NASH, while hepatocyte-specific deletion of Lmna predisposes to NASH with fibrosis in male mice. Given that variants in the gene encoding LAP2, a nuclear protein that regulates lamin A/C, were previously identified in patients with NAFLD, we sought to determine the role of LAP2 in NAFLD using a mouse genetic model. Hepatocyte-specific Lap2a-knockout (Lap2({Delta}Hep)) mice and littermate controls were fed normal chow or high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks or 6 months. In contrast to what was observed with hepatocyte-specific Lmna deletion, male Lap2a({Delta}Hep) mice showed no increase in hepatic steatosis or NASH compared to controls. Rather, Lap2a({Delta}Hep) mice demonstrated reduced hepatic steatosis, particularly after long-term HFD, with decreased susceptibility to diet-induced NASH. Accordingly, whereas pro-steatotic genes Cidea, Mogat1, and Cd36 were upregulated in Lmn-KO mice, they were downregulated in Lap2({Delta}Hep) mice, and there was a trend toward decreases in pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic genes. These data indicate that hepatocyte-specific Lap2a deletion protects against hepatic steatosis and NASH in mice; therefore, LAP2 might represent a potential therapeutic target in human NASH.

Brief SummaryLoss of LAP2 in mouse hepatocytes protected against diet-induced hepatic steatosis and NASH.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Upadhyay, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, E.-Y. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foisner, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Omary, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brady, G. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.18.484917</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hepatocyte-specific loss of LAP2α reduces hepatic steatosis in male mice by enhancing LMNA-mediated transcriptional regulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.03.21.485045v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell analyses of axolotl forebrain organization, neurogenesis, and regeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.03.21.485045v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Salamanders are important tetrapod models to study brain organization and regeneration, however the identity and evolutionary conservation of brain cell types is largely unknown. Here, we delineate cell populations in the axolotl telencephalon during homeostasis and regeneration, representing the first single-cell genomic and spatial profiling of an anamniote tetrapod brain. We identify glutamatergic neurons with similarities to amniote neurons of hippocampus, dorsal and lateral cortex, and conserved GABAergic neuron classes. We infer transcriptional dynamics and gene regulatory relationships of postembryonic, region-specific direct and indirect neurogenesis, and unravel conserved signatures. Following brain injury, ependymoglia activate an injury-specific state before reestablishing lost neuron populations and axonal connections. Together, our analyses yield key insights into the organization, evolution, and regeneration of a tetrapod nervous system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lust, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maynard, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomes, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fleck, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camp, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanaka, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Treutlein, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.21.485045</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell analyses of axolotl forebrain organization, neurogenesis, and regeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.03.23.485329v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fate and state transitions during human blood vessel organoid development 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.03.23.485329v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Blood vessel organoids (BVOs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells have emerged as a novel system to understand human vascular development, model disorders, and develop regenerative therapies. However, it is unclear which molecular states constitute BVOs and how cells differentiate and self-organize within BVOs in vitro and after transplantation. Here we reconstruct BVO development over a time course using single-cell transcriptomics. We observe progenitor states that bifurcate into endothelial and mural fates, and find that BVOs do not acquire definitive arterio-venous endothelial identities in vitro. Chromatin accessibility profiling identifies gene regulatory network (GRN) features associated with endothelial and mural fate decisions, and transcriptome-coupled lineage recording reveals multipotent progenitor states within BVOs. We perform single-cell genetic perturbations within mosaic BVOs to dissect the impact of transcription factor (TF) and receptor depletion on cell differentiation, and highlight multiple TFs including MECOM and ETV2 as strong-effect regulators of human BVO development. We show that manipulation of VEGF and Notch signaling pathways alters BVO morphogenesis and endothelial GRNs, and induces arteriovenous-like state differentiation. We analyze matured BVOs after transplantation using scRNA-seq, and observe matured endothelium with clear arteriovenous specification. We also observe off-target cell fates with bone and adipocyte features, suggesting multipotent states reside within the BVOs in vitro that expand and diversify in less restrictive conditions. Finally, we map vascular disease associated genes to BVO cell states to highlight the potential of BVOs for disease modeling. Altogether, our data and analyses provide the first comprehensive cell state atlas of BVO development and illuminate both the power and limitation of BVOs for translational research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nikolova, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wimmer, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seimiya, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nikoloff, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penninger, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camp, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Treutlein, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.23.485329</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fate and state transitions during human blood vessel organoid development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.03.28.486111v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Canonical Wnt Signaling and the Regulation of Divergent Mesenchymal Fgf8 expression in Axolotl Limb Development and Regeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.03.28.486111v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The expression of Fibroblast growth factors (Fgf) ligands in a specialized epithelial compartment, the Apical Ectodermal Ridge (AER), is a conserved feature of limb development across vertebrate species. In vertebrates, Fgf 4, 8, 9, and 17 are all expressed in the AER. An exception to this paradigm is the salamander (axolotl) developing and regenerating limb, where key Fgf ligands are expressed in the mesenchyme. The mesenchymal expression of Amex.Fgf8 in axolotl has been suggested to be critical for regeneration. To date, there is little knowledge regarding what controls Amex.Fgf8 expression in the axolotl limb mesenchyme. A large body of mouse and chick studies have defined a set of transcription factors and canonical Wnt signaling as the main regulators of epidermal Fgf8 expression in these organisms. In this study, we address the hypothesis that alterations to one or more of these components during evolution has resulted in mesenchymal Amex.Fgf8 expression in the axolotl. To sensitively quantify gene expression with spatial precision, we combined optical clearing of whole-mount axolotl limb tissue with single molecule fluorescent in situ hybridization and a semi-automated quantification pipeline. Several candidate upstream components were found expressed in the axolotl ectoderm, indicating that they are not direct regulators of Amex.Fgf8 expression. We found that Amex.Wnt3a is expressed in axolotl limb epidermis, similarly to chicken and mouse. However, unlike in amniotes, Wnt target genes are activated preferentially in limb mesenchyme rather than in epidermis. Inhibition and activation of Wnt signaling results in downregulation and upregulation of mesenchymal Amex.Fgf8 expression respectively. These results implicate a shift in tissue responsiveness to canonical Wnt signaling from epidermis to mesenchyme as one step contributing to the unique mesenchymal Amex.Fgf8 expression seen in the axolotl.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Glotzer, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tardivo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanaka, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.28.486111</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Canonical Wnt Signaling and the Regulation of Divergent Mesenchymal Fgf8 expression in Axolotl Limb Development and Regeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.04.01.485647v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cellular dynamics of endosperm development in Arabidopsis thaliana 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.04.01.485647v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
After double fertilization, the endosperm in the seeds of many flowering plants undergoes repeated mitotic nuclear divisions without cytokinesis, resulting in a large coenocytic endosperm that then cellularizes. Growth during the coenocytic phase is strongly associated with the final seed size; however, a detailed description of the cellular dynamics controlling the unique coenocytic development in flowering plants has remained elusive. By integrating confocal microscopy live-cell imaging and genetics, we have characterized the entire development of the coenocytic endosperm of Arabidopsis thaliana including nuclear divisions, their timing intervals, nuclear movement, and cytoskeleton dynamics. Around each nucleus, microtubules organize into aster-shaped structures that drive F-actin organization. Microtubules promote nuclear movement after division while F-actin restricts it. F-actin is also involved in controlling the size of both the coenocytic endosperm and mature seed. Characterization the of cytoskeleton dynamics in real-time throughout the entire coenocyte endosperm period provides foundational knowledge of plant coenocytic development, insights into the coordination of F-actin and microtubules in nuclear dynamics, and new opportunities to increase seed size and our food security.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ali, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shin, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fatema, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurihara, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berger, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kawashima, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.01.485647</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cellular dynamics of endosperm development in Arabidopsis thaliana]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.04.06.487334v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unexpected Complexity of the Ammonia Monooxygenase in Archaea 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.04.06.487334v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ammonia oxidation as the first step of nitrification constitutes a critical process in the global nitrogen cycle. However, fundamental knowledge of its key enzyme, the copper-dependent ammonia monooxygenase is lacking, in particular for the environmentally abundant ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA). Here, the structure of the enzyme is investigated by blue-native gel electrophoresis and proteomics from native membrane complexes of two AOA. Beside the known AmoABC subunits and the earlier predicted AmoX, two new protein subunits, AmoY and AmoZ, were identified. They are unique to AOA, highly conserved and co-regulated, and their genes are linked to other AMO subunit genes in streamlined AOA genomes. Modelling and in gel cross-link approaches support an overall protomer structure similar to the distantly related bacterial particulate methane monooxygenase indicating that AmoY and AmoZ serve an important structural and functional role. These data open avenues for further structure-function studies of this ecologically important key nitrification complex.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hodgskiss, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melcher, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerou, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ponce-Toledo, R. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savvides, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wienkoop, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartl, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schleper, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.06.487334</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unexpected Complexity of the Ammonia Monooxygenase in Archaea]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.04.21.489003v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiple routes of adaptation to high levels of CIN and aneuploidy in budding yeast 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.04.21.489003v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Both an increased frequency of chromosome missegregation (chromosomal instability) and the presence of an abnormal complement of chromosomes (aneuploidy) are hallmarks of cancer. Paradoxically, both chromosomal instability and aneuploidy are also associated with substantial decreases in cellular fitness. To better understand how cells are able to adapt to high levels of chromosomal instability, we previously examined yeast cells that were deleted of the gene BIR1, a member of the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC). The CPC is an essential regulator of chromosome segregation fidelity. We found bir1{Delta} cells quickly adapted by acquiring specific combinations of beneficial aneuploidies. However, targeted mutations of specific genes were notably absent in the short term. In this study, we monitored these yeast strains for longer periods of time to determine how cells adapt to high levels of both CIN and aneuploidy in the long term. We identify suppressor mutations that mitigate the chromosome missegregation phenotype. The mutated proteins fall into four main categories: outer kinetochore subunits, members of the SCFCdc4 complex, the mitotic kinase Mps1, and a member of the CPC itself. These mutants function in two distinct ways, as mutations in the outer kinetochore suppress Bir1 deletion indirectly by destabilizing connections between the chromosomes and the mitotic spindle, whereas the other three categories of mutations affect the CPC directly. As a consequence of the accumulation of suppressor point mutations, overall levels of aneuploidy decreased. These experiments demonstrate a timeline of adaptation to high rates of CIN wherein cells first acquire specific aneuploidies that suppress the CIN phenotype, next develop point mutations that more specifically target the source of CIN, and finally reduce the level of aneuploidy to relieve the fitness burden placed by aneuploidy on the cell.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Clarke, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marsoner, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alonso Y Adell, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravichandran, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.21.489003</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiple routes of adaptation to high levels of CIN and aneuploidy in budding yeast]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.04.26.489407v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A de novo transcription-dependent TAD boundary underpins critical multiway interactions during antibody class switch recombination 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.04.26.489407v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Conflicts between transcription and cohesin-mediated loop extrusion can majorly influence 3D chromatin architecture but whether these structural changes affect biological function is unknown. Here, we show that a critical step in antibody class switch recombination (CSR) in activated B cells, namely, the juxtaposition (synapsis) of donor and acceptor switch (S) recombination sequences at the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus (Igh), occurs at the interface of a de novo topologically associating domain (TAD) boundary formed via transcriptional activity at acceptor S regions. Using Tri-C to capture higher-order multiway chromatin conformations, we find that synapsis occurs predominantly in the proximity of distal 3 CTCF-binding sites and that this multiway conformation is abolished upon downregulation of transcription and loss of the TAD boundary at the acceptor S region. Thus, an insulating de novo TAD boundary created by the conflict between transcription and loop extrusion plays a direct role in the mechanism of CSR.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Costea, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schoeberl, U. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malzl, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>von der Linde, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fitz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makharova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goloborodko, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pavri, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.26.489407</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A de novo transcription-dependent TAD boundary underpins critical multiway interactions during antibody class switch recombination]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.04.27.489735v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ZW sex-chromosome evolution and contagious parthenogenesis in Artemia brine shrimp 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.04.27.489735v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Eurasian brine shrimp (genus Artemia) have closely related sexual and asexual lineages of parthenogenetic females, which produce rare males at low frequencies. Although they are known to have ZW chromosomes, these are not well characterized, and it is unclear whether they are shared across the clade. Furthermore, the underlying genetic architecture of the transmission of asexuality, which can occur when rare males mate with closely related sexual females, is not well understood. We produced a chromosome-level assembly for the Eurasian species A. sinica and characterized in detail the pair of sex chromosomes of this species. We combined this with short-read genomic data for the sexual species A. sp. Kazakhstan and several lineages of A. parthenogenetica, allowing us to perform a first in-depth characterization of sex-chromosome evolution across the genus. We identified a small differentiated region of the ZW pair that is shared by all sexual and asexual lineages, supporting the shared ancestry of the sex chromosomes. We also inferred that recombination suppression has spread to larger sections of the chromosome independently in the American and Eurasian lineages. Finally, we took advantage of a rare male, which we backcrossed to sexual females, to explore the genetic basis of asexuality. Our results suggest that parthenogenesis may be partly controlled by a locus on the Z chromosome, highlighting the interplay between sex determination and asexuality.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Elkrewi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khauratovich, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toups, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bett, V. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mrnjavac, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fraïsse, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sax, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huylmans, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hontoria, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vicoso, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.27.489735</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ZW sex-chromosome evolution and contagious parthenogenesis in Artemia brine shrimp]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.04.30.490134v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HiCognition: a visual exploration and hypothesis testing tool for 3D genomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.04.30.490134v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The 3D organization of the genome and epigenetic marks play important roles in gene expression, DNA repair, and chromosome segregation. Understanding how structure and composition of the chromatin fiber contribute to function requires integrated analysis of multiple genomics datasets from various techniques, experimental conditions, and cell states. Genome browsers facilitate such analysis, yet currently visualize only a few regions at a time and lack statistical functions that are often necessary to extract meaningful information. Here, we present HiCognition, a visual exploration and machine-learning tool based on a new genomic region set concept, which enables detection of patterns and associations between 3D chromosome conformation and collections of 1D genomics profiles of any type. By revealing how transcriptional activity and cohesin subunit isoforms contribute to chromosome conformation, we showcase how the flexible user interface and machine learning tools of HiCognition can help understand the relationship between structure and function of the genome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Langer, C. C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitter, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stocsits, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerlich, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.30.490134</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HiCognition: a visual exploration and hypothesis testing tool for 3D genomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.04.12.439407v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Visualization of loop extrusion by DNA nanoscale tracing in single cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.04.12.439407v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The spatial organization of the genome is essential for its functions, including gene expression, DNA replication and repair, as well as chromosome segregation. Biomolecular condensates and loop extrusion have been proposed as the principal driving forces that underlie the formation of chromatin compartments and topologically associating domains, respectively. However, whether the actual 3D-fold of DNA in single cells is consistent with these mechanisms has been difficult to address in situ. Here, we present LoopTrace, a workflow for nanoscale 3D imaging of the genome sequence in structurally well-preserved nuclei in single human cells. Tracing the in situ structure of DNA in thousands of individual cells reveals that genomic DNA folds as a flexible random coil in the absence of loop extruding enzymes such as Cohesin. In the presence of Cohesin and its boundary factor CTCF, reproducibly positioned loop structures dominate the folds, while Cohesin alone leads to randomly positioned loops. The 3D structure and size variability of DNA loops we observe in a large number of single cells allow us to formulate a data-constrained computational model of genomic DNA folding that explains how sparse and dynamic loops in single cells lead to the emergence of compact topological domains in averages of cell populations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Beckwith, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oedegaard Fougner, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morero, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barton, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schueder, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexander, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jungmann, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Birney, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellenberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.12.439407</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Visualization of loop extrusion by DNA nanoscale tracing in single cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.05.03.490522v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Membrane curvature sensing and stabilization by the autophagic LC3 lipidation machinery 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.05.03.490522v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
How the highly curved phagophore membrane is stabilized during autophagy initiation is a major open question in autophagosome biogenesis. Here, we use in vitro reconstitution on membrane nanotubes and molecular dynamics simulations to investigate how core autophagy proteins in the LC3 lipidation cascade interact with curved membranes, providing insight into possible roles in regulating membrane shape during autophagosome biogenesis. ATG12-5-16L1 was up to 100-fold enriched on highly curved nanotubes relative to flat membranes. At high surface density, ATG12-5-16L1 binding increased the curvature of the nanotubes. While WIPI2 binding directs membrane recruitment, the amphipathic helix 2 of ATG16L1 is responsible for curvature sensitivity. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that helix 2 of ATG16L1 inserts shallowly into the membrane, explaining its curvature-sensitive binding to the membrane. These observations show how the binding of the ATG12-5-16L1 complex to the early phagophore rim could stabilize membrane curvature and facilitate autophagosome growth.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jensen, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schuschnig, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cada, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martens, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hummer, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hurley, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.03.490522</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Membrane curvature sensing and stabilization by the autophagic LC3 lipidation machinery]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.05.05.490744v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PKD autoinhibition in trans regulates activation loop autophosphorylation in cis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.05.05.490744v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phosphorylation is a ubiquitous mechanism by which signals are transduced in cells. Protein kinases, enzymes that catalyze the phospho-transfer reaction are, themselves, often regulated by phosphorylation. Paradoxically, however, a substantial fraction of the more than 500 human protein kinases are capable of catalyzing their own activation loop phosphorylation. Commonly, these kinases perform this autophosphorylation reaction in trans, whereby transient dimerization leads to the mutual phosphorylation of the activation loop of the opposing protomer. In this study, we demonstrate that Protein Kinase D (PKD) is regulated by the inverse mechanism of dimerization-mediated trans-autoinhibition, followed by activation loop autophosphorylation in cis. We show that PKD forms a stable face-to-face homodimer that is incapable of either auto- or substrate phosphorylation. Dissociation of this trans-autoinhibited dimer results in activation loop autophosphorylation, which occurs exclusively in cis. Phosphorylation serves to increase PKD activity and prevent trans-autoinhibition, thereby switching PKD on. Our findings not only reveal the mechanism of PKD regulation, but have profound implications for the regulation of many other eukaryotic kinases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Reinhardt, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirzel, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Link, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eisler, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haegele, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parson, M. A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burke, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hausser, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leonard, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.05.490744</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PKD autoinhibition in trans regulates activation loop autophosphorylation in cis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.05.04.490597v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In search of the universal method: a comparative survey of bottom-up proteomics sample preparation methods 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.05.04.490597v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Robust, efficient and reproducible protein extraction and sample processing is a key step for bottom-up proteomics analyses. While many sample preparation protocols for mass spectrometry have been described, selecting an appropriate method remains challenging, since some protein classes may require specialized solubilization, precipitation, and digestion procedures. Here we present a comprehensive comparison of 16 most widely used sample preparation methods, covering in-solution digests, device-based methods, as well as commercially available kits. We find a remarkably good performance of the majority of the protocols with high reproducibility, little method dependencies and low levels of artifact formation. However, we revealed method-dependent differences in the recovery of specific protein features, which we summarized in a descriptive guide-matrix. Our work thereby provides a solid basis for the selection of MS sample preparation strategies for a given proteomics project.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Varnavides, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madern, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anrather, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartl, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reiter, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartl, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.04.490597</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In search of the universal method: a comparative survey of bottom-up proteomics sample preparation methods]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.05.09.491178v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Drosophila ZAD zinc finger protein Kipferl guides Rhino to piRNA clusters 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.05.09.491178v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RNA interference systems depend on the synthesis of small RNA precursors whose sequences define the target spectrum of these silencing pathways. The Drosophila Heterochromatin Protein 1 (HP1) variant Rhino permits transcription of PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) precursors within transposon-rich heterochromatic loci in germline cells. Current models propose that Rhinos specific chromatin occupancy at piRNA source loci is determined by histone marks and maternally inherited piRNAs, but also imply the existence of other, undiscovered specificity cues. Here, we identify a member of the diverse family of zinc finger associated domain (ZAD)-C2H2 proteins, Kipferl, as critical Rhino cofactor in ovaries. By binding to guanosine-rich DNA motifs and interacting with the Rhino chromodomain, Kipferl recruits Rhino to specific loci and stabilizes it on chromatin. In kipferl mutant flies, Rhino is lost from most of its target chromatin loci and instead accumulates on pericentromeric satellite arrays, resulting in decreased levels of transposon targeting piRNAs and impaired fertility. Our findings reveal that DNA sequence, in addition to the H3K9me3 mark, determines the identity of piRNA source loci and provide insight into how Rhino might be caught in the crossfire of genetic conflicts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brennecke, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baumgartner, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Handler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duchek, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Platzer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.09.491178</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Drosophila ZAD zinc finger protein Kipferl guides Rhino to piRNA clusters]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.05.31.493688v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The histone variant H2A.W cooperates with chromatin modifications and linker histone H1 to maintain transcriptional silencing of transposons in Arabidopsis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.05.31.493688v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transposable elements (TEs) are marked by a complex array of chromatin modifications, but a central unifying mechanism for how they are silenced remains elusive. Histone H3 Lysine 9 methylation (H3K9me) is an important component of heterochromatin in most eukaryotes, including plants. In flowering plants, the specialized histone variant H2A.W occupies nucleosomes found at TE sequences. This variant is deposited by the chromatin remodeler DDM1 and confers specific biophysical properties to the nucleosomes.

Here we use genetic and genomic strategies to evaluate the role of H2A.W in transposon silencing in Arabidopsis. Compared with mutants lacking either H2A.W or H3K9me, the combined loss of both H2A.W and H3K9me causes a dramatic increase in both the number of expressed TEs and their expression levels. Synergistic effects are also observed when H2A.W is lost in combination with histone H1 or CH methylation. Collectively, these TEs are also upregulated in mutants lacking DDM1, which are impaired in H2A.W deposition and lose heterochromatic marks.

We conclude that H2A.W acts in combination with different elements of heterochromatin to maintain silencing across a large spectrum of TEs present primarily in pericentric heterochromatin in Arabidopsis. In mammals, the DDM1 ortholog LSH deposits macroH2A to heterochromatin and silences TEs. We thus propose that specialized H2A variants localized to heterochromatin interact with a complex array of histone modifications to silence TEs in eukaryotes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bourguet, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yelagandula, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>To, T. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osakabe, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alishe, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, R. J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kakutani, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berger, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.31.493688</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The histone variant H2A.W cooperates with chromatin modifications and linker histone H1 to maintain transcriptional silencing of transposons in Arabidopsis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.05.11.491447v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An expanding arsenal of immune systems that protect bacteria from phages 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.05.11.491447v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacterial anti-phage defense systems are frequently clustered in microbial genomes, forming defense islands. This genomic property enabled the recent discovery of multiple defense systems based on their genomic co-localization with known systems, but the full arsenal of anti-phage mechanisms in bacteria is still unknown. In this study we report the discovery of 21 new defense systems that protect bacteria from phages, based on computational genomic analyses and phage infection experiments. We find multiple systems with protein domains known to be involved in eukaryotic anti-viral immunity, including ISG15-like proteins, dynamin-like proteins, and SEFIR domains, and show that these domains participate in bacterial defense against phages. Additional systems include protein domains predicted to manipulate DNA and RNA molecules, as well as multiple toxin-antitoxin systems shown here to function in anti-phage defense. The systems we discovered are widely distributed in bacterial and archaeal genomes, and in some bacteria form a considerable fraction of the immune arsenal. Our data substantially expand the known inventory of defense systems utilized by bacteria to counteract phage infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Millman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melamed, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leavitt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doron, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernheim, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hör, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopatina, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ofir, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hochhauser, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stokar-Avihail, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tal, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharir, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voichek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erez, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferrer, J. L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dar, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kacen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amitai, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sorek, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.11.491447</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An expanding arsenal of immune systems that protect bacteria from phages]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.05.11.491463v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single cell transcriptomics identifies conserved regulators of neurosecretory lineages 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.05.11.491463v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Communication in bilaterian nervous systems is mediated by electrical and secreted signals, however, the evolutionary origin and relation of neurons to other secretory cell types has not been elucidated. Here we use developmental single cell RNA-sequencing in the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis, representing an early evolutionary lineage with a simple nervous system. Validated by transgenics, we demonstrate that neurons, stinging cells, and gland cells arise from a common multipotent progenitor population. We identify the conserved transcription factor gene SoxC as a key upstream regulator of all neurosecretory lineages and demonstrate that SoxC knockdown eliminates both neuronal and secretory cell types. While in vertebrates and many other bilaterians neurogenesis is largely restricted to early developmental stages, we show that in the sea anemone differentiation of neurosecretory cells is maintained throughout all life stages, and follows the same molecular trajectories from embryo to adulthood, ensuring lifelong homeostasis of neurosecretory cell lineages.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Steger, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cole, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Denner, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lebedeva, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Genikhovich, G. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ries, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reischl, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taudes, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lassnig, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Technau, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.11.491463</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single cell transcriptomics identifies conserved regulators of neurosecretory lineages]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.05.16.492059v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Composition can buffer protein dynamics within liquid-like condensates. 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.05.16.492059v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most non-membrane-bound compartments in cells that form via phase separation have complex composition. While phase separation of individual proteins that form these compartments is well-documented, the mechanisms that modulate dynamics of individual proteins in multicomponent systems remain unclear. Here, we used in vitro reconstitution and in vivo experiments to investigate how the dynamics of a scaffold protein PGL-3 is regulated within the liquid-like  P granule compartment in C. elegans. Using mutational and biophysical perturbations, we generated PGL-3 constructs that form condensates in vitro with widely varying dynamics. Using these PGL-3 constructs, we show that introducing other P granule components buffers against change of dynamics within liquid-like condensates. This dynamics-buffering effect is mediated by weak interactions among two or more components. Such dynamics-buffering may contribute to robust functional output of cellular liquid-like compartments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jelenic, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bindics, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Czermak, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pillai, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holehouse, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.16.492059</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Composition can buffer protein dynamics within liquid-like condensates.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.05.13.491065v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Assessment of 3D MINFLUX data for quantitative structural biology in cells revisited 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.05.13.491065v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Prakash and Curd provide a re-analysis1 of individual datasets taken from our report2 demonstrating MINFLUX 3D imaging in cells. Their evaluation confirms the unique localization precision provided by MINFLUX2,3 featuring a standard deviation of {sigma} = 1-3 nm. We appreciate their confirmation and also welcome the opportunity to clarify their remaining points. The hitherto almost unconceivable 3D localization precision attained by MINFLUX is likely to hold the key to an all-optical dynamical structural biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gwosch, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balzarotti, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pape, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoess, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellenberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ries, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matti, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahl, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hell, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.13.491065</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Assessment of 3D MINFLUX data for quantitative structural biology in cells revisited]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.05.17.492379v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Zygotic genome activation by the totipotency pioneer factor Nr5a2 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.05.17.492379v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Life begins with a switch in genetic control from the maternal to the embryonic genome during zygotic genome activation (ZGA) in totipotent embryos. Despite its importance, the essential regulators of ZGA remain largely unknown in mammals. Based on de novo motif searches, we identified the orphan nuclear receptor Nr5a2 as a key activator of major ZGA in mouse embryos. Nr5a2 binds to its motif within a subtype of SINE B1/Alu transposable elements found in cis-regulatory regions of ZGA genes. Chemical inhibition suggests that 72% of ZGA genes are regulated by Nr5a2 and potentially other orphan nuclear family receptors. Consistent with a role in ZGA, Nr5a2 is required for progression beyond the 2-cell stage. Nr5a2 promotes chromatin accessibility during ZGA and binds to entry/exit sites of nucleosomal DNA in vitro. We conclude that Nr5a2 is an essential pioneer factor that distinctly regulates totipotency and pluripotency during mammalian development.

One-Sentence SummaryNr5a2 is an essential pioneer transcription factor that activates expression of zygotic genes in mouse embryos.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gassler, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kobayashi, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaspar, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruangroengkulrith, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuemmecke, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kravchenko, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaczek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vallot, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez, L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rico, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ladstaetter, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tachibana, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.17.492379</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Zygotic genome activation by the totipotency pioneer factor Nr5a2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.05.22.492627v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An improved TurboID pipeline in C. elegans by biochemical depletion of endogenously biotinylated carboxylases 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.05.22.492627v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Proximity-dependent protein labeling provides a powerful in vivo strategy to characterize the interactomes of specific proteins. We previously optimized a proximity labeling protocol for C. elegans using the highly active biotin ligase TurboID. A significant constraint on the sensitivity of TurboID is the presence of abundant, endogenously biotinylated proteins that take up bandwidth in the mass spectrometer, notably carboxylases that use biotin as a co-factor. In C. elegans, these comprise POD-2/acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha, PCCA-1/propionyl-CoA carboxylase alpha, PYC-1/pyruvate carboxylase and MCCC-1/methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase alpha. We developed ways to remove these carboxylases prior to streptavidin purification and mass spectrometry, by engineering their corresponding genes to add a C-terminal His10 tag. This allows us to deplete them from C. elegans lysates using immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC). To demonstrate the methods efficacy, we use it to expand the interactome map of the presynaptic active zone protein ELKS-1. We identify many known active zone proteins, as well as previously uncharacterized potentially synaptic proteins. Our approach provides a quick and inexpensive solution to a common contaminant problem in biotin- dependent proximity labeling. The approach may be applicable to other model organisms and will enable deeper and more complete analysis of interactors for proteins of interest.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Artan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartl, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Bono, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.22.492627</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An improved TurboID pipeline in C. elegans by biochemical depletion of endogenously biotinylated carboxylases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.05.24.493068v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Host-directed therapy with 2-Deoxy-D-glucose inhibits human rhinoviruses, endemic coronaviruses, and SARS-CoV-2 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.05.24.493068v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rhinoviruses (RVs) and coronaviruses (CoVs) upregulate host cell metabolic pathways such as glycolysis to meet their bioenergetic demands for rapid multiplication. Using the glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), we assessed the dose-dependent inhibition of viral replication of minor- and major-receptor group RVs in epithelial cells. 2-DG disrupted RV infection cycle by inhibiting template negative-strand as well as genomic positive-strand RNA synthesis, resulting in less progeny virus and RV-mediated cell death. Assessment of 2-DGs intracellular kinetics revealed that after a short-exposure to 2-DG, the active intermediate, 2-DG6P, is stored intracellularly for several hours. Finally, we confirmed the antiviral effect of 2-DG on pandemic SARS-CoV-2 and showed for the first time that 2-DG also reduces replication of endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs). These results provide further evidence that 2-DG could be utilized as a broad-spectrum antiviral.

HIGHLIGHTSO_LI2-DG inhibits replication of minor- and major-group rhinoviruses in epithelial cells including human nasal epithelial cell.
C_LIO_LI2-DG disrupts rhinovirus infection cycle and reduces rhinovirus-mediated cell death in vitro.
C_LIO_LI2-DG treatment attenuates viral load of endemic coronaviruses in vitro.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wali, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karbiener, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kovtunyk, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adonyi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goesler, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Contreras, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stoeva, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blaas, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stoeckl, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kreil, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gualdoni, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorki, A.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.24.493068</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Host-directed therapy with 2-Deoxy-D-glucose inhibits human rhinoviruses, endemic coronaviruses, and SARS-CoV-2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.06.01.494399v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SLAMseq resolves the kinetics of maternal and zygotic gene expression in early zebrafish embryogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.06.01.494399v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) is a key developmental process in metazoan embryos that involves the activation of zygotic transcription (ZGA) and degradation of maternal transcripts. We employed metabolic mRNA sequencing (SLAMseq) to deconvolute the compound embryonic transcriptome in zebrafish. While mitochondrial zygotic transcripts prevailed prior to MZT, we uncover the spurious transcription of hundreds of short and intron-poor nuclear genes as early as the 2-cell stage. Upon ZGA, most zygotic transcripts originate from thousands of maternal-zygotic (MZ) genes that are transcribed at rates comparable to those of hundreds of purely zygotic genes and replenish maternal mRNAs at distinct timescales. Rapid replacement of MZ transcripts involves transcript decay features unrelated to major maternal degradation pathways and promotes de novo synthesis of the core gene expression machinery by increasing poly(A)-tail length and translation efficiency. SLAMseq hence provides unprecedented insights into the timescales, molecular features and regulation of MZT during zebrafish embryogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bhat, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cabrera Quio, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herzog, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fasching, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pauli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ameres, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.01.494399</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SLAMseq resolves the kinetics of maternal and zygotic gene expression in early zebrafish embryogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.06.05.494856v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A uniquely stable trimeric model of SARS-CoV-2 spike transmembrane domain 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.06.05.494856v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 effectuates membrane fusion and virus entry into target cells. Its transmembrane domain (TMD) represents a homotrimer of -helices anchoring the spike in the viral envelope. Although S-protein models available to date include the TMD, its precise configuration was given brief consideration. Understanding viral fusion entails realistic TMD models, while no reliable approaches towards predicting the 3D structure of transmembrane (TM) trimers exist. Here, we propose a comprehensive computational framework to model the spike TMD (S-TMD) based solely on its primary structure. First, we performed amino acid sequence pattern matching and compared molecular hydrophobicity potential (MHP) distribution on the helix surface against TM homotrimers with known 3D structures and thus selected the TMD of the tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR-1) for subsequent template-based modelling. We then iteratively built an all-atom homotrimer model of S-TMD based on "dynamic MHP portraits" and residue variability motifs. In this model each helix possessed two overlapping interfaces interacting with either of the remaining helices, which include conservative residues I1216, F1220, I1227, M1229, and M1233. Finally, the stability of this and several alternative models (including a recent NMR structure) and a set of mutant forms was tested in all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in a POPC bilayer mimicking the viral envelope membrane. Unlike other configurations, our model trimer remained extraordinarily tightly packed over a microsecond-range MD and retained its stability when palmitoylated in accordance with experimental data. Palmitoylation had no significant impact on the TMD conformation nor the way in which the lipid bilayer was perturbed in the presence of the trimer. Overall, the resulting model of S-TMD conforms to known basic principles of TM helix packing and will be further used to explore the complex machinery of membrane fusion from a broader perspective beyond the TMD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aliper, E. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krylov, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nolde, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polyansky, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Efremov, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.05.494856</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A uniquely stable trimeric model of SARS-CoV-2 spike transmembrane domain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.06.18.496527v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Binding of a blast fungus Zinc-finger fold effector to a hydrophobic pocket in the host exocyst subunit Exo70 modulates immune recognition in rice 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.06.18.496527v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Exocytosis plays an important role in plant-microbe interactions, both in pathogenesis and symbiosis. Exo70 proteins are integral components of the exocyst, an octameric complex that mediates tethering of vesicles to membranes in eukaryotes. Although plant Exo70s are known to be targeted by pathogen effectors, the underpinning molecular mechanisms and the impact of this interaction on infection is poorly understood. Here, we show the molecular basis of the association between the effector AVR- Pii of the blast fungus Maganaporthe oryzae and rice Exo70 alleles OsExo70F2 and OsExo70F3, which is sensed by the immune receptor pair Pii via an integrated RIN4/NOI domain. The crystal structure of AVR-Pii in complex with OsExo70F2 reveals that the effector binds to a conserved hydrophobic pocket in Exo70, defining a new effector/target binding interface. Structure-guided and random mutagenesis validates the importance of AVR-Pii residues at the Exo70 binding interface to sustain protein association and disease resistance in rice when challenged with fungal strains expressing effector mutants. Further, the structure of AVR-Pii defines a novel Zinc- finger effector fold (ZiF) distinct from the MAX fold previously described for the majority of characterized M. oryzae effectors. Our data suggests that blast fungus ZiF effectors bind a conserved Exo70 interface to manipulate plant exocytosis and that these effectors are also baited by plant immune receptors, pointing to new opportunities for engineering disease resistance.

Significance statementPlant diseases destroy [~]20-30% of annual crop production, contributing to global food insecurity. Discovering how pathogen effectors target host proteins to promote virulence is essential for understanding pathogenesis and can be used for developing disease resistant crops. Here, we reveal the structural basis of how an effector from the blast pathogen (AVR-Pii) binds a specific host target (rice Exo70), and how this underpins immune recognition. This has implications for understanding the molecular mechanisms of blast disease and for the engineering of new recognition specificities in plant immune receptors to confer resistance to a major crop pathogen.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>De la Concepcion, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fujisaki, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bentham, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cruz Mireles, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez de Medina Hernandez, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shimizu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawson, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamoun, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Terauchi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banfield, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.18.496527</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Binding of a blast fungus Zinc-finger fold effector to a hydrophobic pocket in the host exocyst subunit Exo70 modulates immune recognition in rice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.06.14.496076v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effector target-guided engineering of an integrated domain expands the disease resistance profile of a rice NLR immune receptor 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.06.14.496076v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A subset of plant intracellular NLR immune receptors detect effector proteins, secreted by phytopathogens to promote infection, through unconventional integrated domains which resemble the effectors host targets. Direct binding of effectors to these integrated domains activates plant defences. The rice NLR receptor Pik-1 binds the Magnaporthe oryzae effector AVR-Pik through an integrated heavy metal-associated (HMA) domain. However, the stealthy alleles AVR-PikC and AVR-PikF avoid interaction with Pik-HMA and evade host defences. Here, we exploited knowledge of the biochemical interactions between AVR-Pik and its host target, OsHIPP19, to engineer novel Pik-1 variants that respond to AVR-PikC/F. First, we exchanged the HMA domain of Pikp-1 for OsHIPP19-HMA, demonstrating that effector targets can be incorporated into NLR receptors to provide novel recognition profiles. Second, we used the structure of OsHIPP19-HMA to guide mutagenesis of Pikp-HMA to expand its recognition profile. We demonstrate that the extended recognition profiles of engineered Pikp-1 variants correlate with effector binding in planta and in vitro, and with the gain of new contacts across the effector/HMA interface. Crucially, transgenic rice producing the engineered Pikp-1 variants were resistant to blast fungus isolates carrying AVR-PikC or AVR-PikF. These results demonstrate that effector target-guided engineering of NLR receptors can provide new-to- nature disease resistance in crops.

Graphical abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=186 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/496076v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Maidment, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shimizu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vera, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franceschetti, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Longya, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stevenson, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De la Concepcion, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bialas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamoun, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Terauchi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banfield, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.14.496076</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effector target-guided engineering of an integrated domain expands the disease resistance profile of a rice NLR immune receptor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.06.10.495631v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Skeletal muscle lineage is dispensable for appendage regeneration in axolotl 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.06.10.495631v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Regeneration of a complex appendage structure such as limb requires hierarchical coordination of multiple types of tissues. Muscles, as one of the major cell masses in limbs, have been reported recently to be critical to guide other tissue regeneration in planaria, but its function and relationship to other cells in vertebrate complex regeneration have been unclear. Here, we use Pax7 mutant axolotls, in which the limb muscle is developmentally lost, to investigate limb regeneration in the absence of skeletal muscle. We find that the pattern of regenerated limbs is normal in Pax7 mutants compared to the controls. Lack of muscles do not affect the proliferation of fibroblasts, another major population in limbs. Furthermore, using single cell RNA-sequencing, we demonstrate that the cell type composition in completely regenerated limbs in Pax7 mutants is similar to that in the controls, except the lack of cell types in muscle lineage. Our study reveals skeletal muscle is not required for the guidance of complex tissue regeneration in axolotls, and provides new views of the tissue hierarchy in vertebrate appendage regeneration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murawala, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanaka, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fei, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.10.495631</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Skeletal muscle lineage is dispensable for appendage regeneration in axolotl]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.06.17.496645v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The evolution of an RNA-based memory of self in the face of genomic conflict 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.06.17.496645v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Distinguishing endogenous genes from selfish ones is essential for germline integrity. In animals, small regulatory RNAs play a central role in this process; however, the underlying principles are largely unknown. To fill this gap, we studied how selfish toxin-antidote elements (TAs) evade silencing in the nematode Caenorhabditis tropicalis. We found that the slow-1/grow-1 TA is active only when maternally inherited. Surprisingly, this parent-of-origin effect stems from a regulatory role of the toxins mRNA: maternal slow-1 mRNA--but not SLOW-1 protein--licenses slow-1 expression in the zygote by counteracting piRNAs. Our results indicate that epigenetic licensing-- known to play a role in C. elegans sex-determination--is likely a common mechanism that hinders the spread of selfish genes in wild populations while ensuring a lasting memory of self in the germline.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pliota, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marvanova, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koreshova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufman, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tikanova, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krogull, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagmueller, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Widen, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Handler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gokcezade, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duchek, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brennecke, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ben-David, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burga, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.17.496645</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The evolution of an RNA-based memory of self in the face of genomic conflict]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.06.20.496767v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The cohesin subunit RAD21.2 functions as a recombination silencer of ribosomal DNA arrays 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.06.20.496767v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Introductory ParagraphIn many species, including Arabidopsis, heterochromatin often comprises repetitive DNA elements, such as arrays of ribosomal DNA (rDNA). Repetitive regions pose a risk in meiosis since recombination between them can lead to gross genomic rearrangements. However, meiotic recombination at rDNA arrays and other heterochromatic repeat regions is blocked by not well understood mechanisms. Here, we have identified RAD21.2, an -kleisin subunit of cohesin, as a repressor of meiotic recombination at the rDNA regions in Arabidopsis. We show that RAD21.2 co-localizes with heterochromatic factors and is specifically enriched at rDNA repeats, which are devoid of the meiosis specific -kleisin REC8, needed for recombination. Knocking down RAD21.2, we find that REC8 moves into the nucleolus organizing regions (NORs), where we see an increase of RAD51 recombinase foci numbers. Concomitantly, we find extensive rearrangements of the NORs and the offspring of these plants have large variation in rDNA copy numbers demonstrating that RAD21.2 is necessary for transgenerational genome stability.

One-Sentence SummaryThe cohesin component RAD21.2 represses meiotic recombination and by that contributes to genome stability over generations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kuttig, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sims, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamamura, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Komaki, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koehler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stolze, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Jaeger-Braet, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuncay Elbasy, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakagami, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Failla, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schloegelhofer, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schnittger, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.20.496767</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The cohesin subunit RAD21.2 functions as a recombination silencer of ribosomal DNA arrays]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.06.24.497446v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A causal model of ion interference enables assessment and correction of ratio compression in multiplex proteomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.06.24.497446v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multiplex proteomics using isobaric labeling tags has emerged as a powerful tool for the simultaneous relative quantification of peptides and proteins across multiple experimental conditions. However, the quantitative accuracy of the approach is largely compromised by ion interference, a phenomenon that causes fold changes to appear compressed. The degree of compression is generally unknown, and the contributing factors are poorly understood. In this study, we thoroughly characterized ion interference at the MS2 level using a defined two-proteome experimental system with known ground-truth. We discovered remarkably poor agreement between the apparent precursor purity in the isolation window and the actual level of observed reporter ion interference in MS2-scans - a discrepancy that we found resolved by considering co-fragmentation of peptide ions hidden within the spectral "noise" of the MS1 isolation window. To address this issue, we developed a regression modeling strategy to accurately predict estimates of reporter ion interference in any dataset. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of our procedure for improved fold change estimation and unbiased PTM site-to-protein normalization. All computational tools and code required to apply this method to any MS2 TMT dataset are documented and freely available.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Madern, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reiter, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stanek, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartl, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mechtler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartl, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.24.497446</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A causal model of ion interference enables assessment and correction of ratio compression in multiplex proteomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.07.12.499818v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Three consecutive glycolysis enzymes are involved in autophagic flux regulation through monitoring nutrient availability 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.07.12.499818v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Autophagy serves as an important recycling route for growth and survival of eukaryotic organisms in nutrient-deficient conditions. When confronted with starvation, metabolic flux is coordinated by individual metabolic enzymes. Given that the metabolic diversity of carbon in eukaryotes is related to their lifestyle, autophagy may be modulated by metabolic enzymes by monitoring carbon flux. Here, we attempted to identify carbon metabolic genes that modulate autophagy using VIGS screening of 45 glycolysis- and the Calvin-Benson cycle-related genes. We report here that three consecutive triose-phosphate-processing enzymes involved in the cytosolic glycolysis, TPI (triose-phosphate-isomerase), GAPC (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase), and PGK (phosphoglycerate kinase), designated TGP, negatively regulate autophagy. Depletion of TGP enzymes result in spontaneous autophagy induction and increases ATG1 kinase activity. TGP enzymes interact with ATG101, a regulatory component of the ATG1 kinase complex. Spontaneous autophagy induction and abnormal growth under insufficient sugar in the TGP mutants is suppressed by crossing with the atg101 mutant. Considering that triose-phosphates are photosynthates transported to the cytosol from active chloroplasts, the TGP enzymes may be strategically positioned to monitor the flow of photosynthetic sugars and modulate autophagy accordingly. Collectively, these results suggest that TGP enzymes negatively control autophagy acting upstream of the ATG1 complex, which is critical for seedling development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, D.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, M.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pai, H.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.12.499818</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Three consecutive glycolysis enzymes are involved in autophagic flux regulation through monitoring nutrient availability]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.07.08.499318v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Adult neural stem cells and neurogenesis are resilient to intermittent fasting 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.07.08.499318v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intermittent fasting (IF) is a promising non-pharmacological strategy to counteract ageing which has been shown to increase the number of adult-born neurons in the dentate gyrus of mice. However, it is still unclear which steps of the adult neurogenesis process are regulated by IF. The number of adult neural stem cells (NSCs) decreases with age in an activation-dependent manner. To counteract the loss of the stem cell pool, adult NSCs are mostly found in an inactive, quiescent state which ensures their long-term maintenance. We aimed to determine if and how IF impacts the activity and maintenance of adult NSCs in the hippocampus. We chose an every-other-day fasting protocol with food re-administration at night, which we found effectively induces fasting features and preserves the circadian activity pattern of mice. To determine the effects of IF on NSCs and all following steps in the neurogenic lineage, we combined fasting with lineage tracing and label retention assays. We found that IF does not affect NSC activation or maintenance. Contrary to previous reports, we also found that IF does not increase hippocampal neurogenesis. We obtained the same results regardless of strain, sex, diet length, tamoxifen administration or new-born neuron identification method. Our data suggest that NSCs maintain homeostasis upon IF and that this intervention is not a reliable strategy to increase adult neurogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gabarro-Solanas, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davaatseren, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kepcija, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crespo-Enriquez, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Urban, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.08.499318</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Adult neural stem cells and neurogenesis are resilient to intermittent fasting]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.08.02.502433v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A globally distributed major virus-resistance association in Arabidopsis thaliana 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.08.02.502433v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plant viruses account for enormous agricultural losses worldwide, and the most effective way to combat them is to identify genetic material conferring plant resistance to these pathogens. Aiming to identify genetic associations with responses to infection, we screened a large panel of Arabidopsis thaliana natural inbred lines for four disease-related traits caused by infection by A. thaliana-naive and -adapted isolates of the natural pathogen turnip mosaic virus (TuMV). We detected a strong, replicable association in a 1.5 Mb region on chromosome 2 with a 10-fold increase in relative risk of systemic necrosis. The region contains several plausible causal genes as well as abundant structural variation, including an insertion of a Copia transposon into a Toll/interleukin receptor (TIR-NBS-LRR) coding for a gene involved in defense, that could be either a driver or a consequence of the disease-resistance locus. When inoculated with TuMV, loss-of-function mutant plants of this gene exhibited different symptoms than wild-type plants. The direction and severity of symptom differences depended on the adaptation history of the virus. This increase in symptoms severity was specific for infections with the adapted isolate. Necrosis-associated alleles are found worldwide, and their distribution is consistent with a trade-off between resistance during viral outbreaks and a cost of resistance otherwise, leading to negative frequency-dependent selection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Butkovic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellis, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaegle, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nordborg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elena, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.02.502433</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A globally distributed major virus-resistance association in Arabidopsis thaliana]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.07.12.499841v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Large neutral amino acid levels tune perinatal neuronal excitability and survival 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.07.12.499841v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Surprisingly little is known about the critical metabolic changes that neural cells have to undergo during development and how even mild, temporary shifts in this program can influence brain circuitries and behavior. Inspired by the discovery that mutations in SLC7A5, a transporter of metabolically-relevant large neutral amino acids, lead to a form of autism spectrum disorder, we employed metabolomic profiling to study the metabolic states of the cerebral cortex across different stages of life. We found that the cerebral cortex undergoes significant metabolic remodeling throughout development, with certain groups of metabolites showing stage-specific changes. But what are the consequences of interfering with this metabolic program? By manipulating Slc7a5 expression in neural cells, we found that the metabolism of large neutral amino acids and lipids in the cerebral cortex are highly interconnected. Deletion of Slc7a5 in neurons perturbs specifically the postnatal metabolic state leading to a shift in lipid metabolism and a stage- and cell-type-specific alteration in neuronal activity patterns, resulting in a long-term cortical circuit dysfunction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Knaus, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basilico, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malzl, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerykova Bujalkova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smogavec, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwarz, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorkiewicz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amberg, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pauler, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rülicke, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menche, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hippenmeyer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novarino, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.12.499841</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Large neutral amino acid levels tune perinatal neuronal excitability and survival]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.07.11.499622v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phosphorylation and ubiquitination independent endocytosis of BRI1 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.07.11.499622v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The brassinosteroid (BR) hormone and its plasma membrane receptor BR INSENSITIVE1 (BRI1) is one of the best-studied receptor-ligand pairs for understanding the interplay between receptor endocytosis and signaling in plants. BR signaling is mainly determined by the plasma membrane pool of BRI1, whereas BRI1 endocytosis ensures signal attenuation. Since BRs are ubiquitously distributed in the plant, the tools available to study BRI1 function without interference from endogenous BRs are limited. Here, we designed a BR-binding-deficient mutant based on protein sequence-structure analysis and homology modeling of BRI1 and its close homologues. This new tool allowed us to re-examine the BRI1 endocytosis and signal attenuation model. We show that despite decreased phosphorylation and ubiquitination, the BR-binding-deficient BRI1 was internalized similar to the wild type form. These results reinforce the hypothesis that BRI1 is internalized via parallel endocytic routes and machineries. In addition, BR-binding-deficient mutant provides opportunities to study non-canonical ligand-independent BRI1 functions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Russinova, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alves Neubus Claus, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hohmann, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vukasinovic, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pleskot, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schiffner, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaillais, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolf, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Damme, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hothorn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.11.499622</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phosphorylation and ubiquitination independent endocytosis of BRI1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.03.11.483902v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Double NPY motifs at the N-terminus of Sso2 synergistically bind Sec3 to promote membrane fusion 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.03.11.483902v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Exocytosis is an active vesicle trafficking process by which eukaryotes secrete materials to the extracellular environment and insert membrane proteins into the plasma membrane. The final step of exocytosis in yeast involves the assembly of two t-SNAREs, Sso1/2 and Sec9, with the v-SNARE, Snc1/2, on secretory vesicles. The rate-limiting step in this process is the formation of a binary complex of the two t-SNAREs. Despite a previous report of acceleration of binary complex assembly by Sec3, it remains unknown how Sso2 is efficiently recruited to the vesicle-docking site marked by Sec3. Here we report a crystal structure of the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of Sec3 in complex with a nearly full-length version of Sso2 lacking only its C-terminal transmembrane helix. The structure shows a previously uncharacterized binding site for Sec3 at the N-terminus of Sso2, consisting of two highly conserved triple residue motifs (NPY: Asn-Pro-Tyr). We further reveal that the two NPY motifs bind Sec3 synergistically, which together with the previously reported binding interface constitute dual-site interactions between Sso2 and Sec3 to drive the fusion of secretory vesicles at target sites on the plasma membrane.

SignificanceSNARE assembly, which involves one v-SNARE with two t-SNARE proteins, drives the fusion of vesicles to target compartments. The rate-limiting step in SNARE assembly is the assembly of the two t-SNARE proteins on the target membrane. Previous studies in yeast showed that Sec3, a component of the exocyst vesicle tethering complex, directly interacts with the t-SNARE protein Sso2 to promote fast assembly of an Sso2-Sec9 binary t-SNARE complex. This paper presents a new crystal structure of the Sec3 PH domain in complex with a nearly full-length version of Sso2, which reveals a previously unknown binding site for Sec3 at the N-terminus of Sso2. Our work demonstrates that the dual-site interactions between Sso2 and Sec3 plays an essential role in promoting the fusion of secretory vesicles at target sites on the plasma membrane.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Peer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korbula, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novick, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.11.483902</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Double NPY motifs at the N-terminus of Sso2 synergistically bind Sec3 to promote membrane fusion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.07.22.500608v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Carbon ion irradiation plus CTLA4 blockade elicits therapeutic immune responses in a murine tumor model 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.07.22.500608v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Radiotherapy can act as an in situ vaccine thereby activating tumor-specific immune responses that prevent tumor outgrowth in treated patients. While carbon ion radiotherapy has shown superior biophysical properties over conventional photon irradiation, the immunological effects induced have remained largely uncovered. The combination of radiotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibition (radioimmunotherapy) aims at further enhancement of anti-tumor immunity; however, studies on the immune cell composition in irradiated and distant tumors following radioimmunotherapy with carbon ions are scarce. We have established a bilateral tumor model by time shifted transplantation of murine, Her2+ EO771 tumor cells onto the flanks of immune competent mice followed by selective irradiation of the primal tumor, while sparing the consecutive tumor. We demonstrate that CTLA4-but not PD-L1-based radioimmunotherapy induces complete tumor rejection in our model. Intriguingly, local tumor control caused in situ immunization resulting even in eradication of non-irradiated, distant tumors. Moreover, cured mice were protected against EO771 rechallenge indicative of long lasting, tumor-protective immunological memory. Deconvolution of the treatment induced immunological effects by single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and concomitant flow cytometric analyses revealed in irradiated tumors predominating myeloid cells that developed into distinct tumor-associated macrophage clusters with upregulated expression of TNF and IL1 responsive genes, as well as activation of NK cells. Non-irradiated tumors showed higher frequencies of naive T cells in irradiated mice, which were activated when combined with CTLA4 blockade. In conclusion, radioimmunotherapy with carbon ions plus CTLA4 inhibition reshapes the tumor-infiltrating immune cell composition and can induce complete rejection even of non-irradiated tumors. Our data present a rationale to combine radiotherapy approach with CTLA4 blockade to achieve durable anti-tumor immunity. Evaluation of future radioimmunotherapy approaches should thus not only focus on the immunological impacts at the site of irradiation but should also consider systemic immunological effects that might affect outgrowth of non-irradiated tumors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hartmann, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eichmüller, O. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kordass, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furkel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickes, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reid, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Debus, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brons, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdollahi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moustafa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rieken, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eichmüller, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.22.500608</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Carbon ion irradiation plus CTLA4 blockade elicits therapeutic immune responses in a murine tumor model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.10.26.465828v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Glucose intolerance in aging is mediated by the Gpcpd1-GPC metabolic axis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.10.26.465828v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Skeletal muscle plays a central role in the regulation of systemic metabolism during lifespan. With aging, muscle mediated metabolic homeostasis is perturbed, contributing to the onset of multiple chronic diseases. Our knowledge on the mechanisms responsible for this age-related perturbation is limited, as it is difficult to distinguish between correlation and causality of molecular changes in muscle aging. Glycerophosphocholine phosphodiesterase 1 (GPCPD1) is a highly abundant muscle enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of the lipid glycerophosphocholine (GPC). The physiological function of GPCPD1 remained largely unknown. Here, we report that the GPCPD1-GPC metabolic pathway is dramatically perturbed in the aged muscle. Muscle-specific inactivation of Gpcpd1 resulted in severely affected glucose metabolism, without affecting muscle development. This pathology was muscle specific and did not occur in white fat-, brown fat- and liver-deficient Gpcpd1 deficient mice. Moreover, in the muscle specific mutant mice, glucose intolerance was markedly accelerated under high sugar and high fat diet. Mechanistically, Gpcpd1 deficiency results in accumulation of GPC, without any other significant changes in the global lipidome. This causes an "aged-like" transcriptomic signature in young Gpcpd1 deficient muscles and impaired insulin signaling. Finally, we report that GPC levels are markedly perturbed in muscles from both aged humans and patients with Type 2 diabetes, with a high correlation between GPC levels and increased chronological age. Our findings show the novel and critical physiological function of GPCPD1-GPC metabolic pathway to glucose metabolism, and the perturbation of this pathway with aging, which may contribute to glucose intolerance in aging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cikes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leutner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cronin, S. J. - F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novatchkova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pfleger, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klepochova, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rullman, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gustafsson, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagelkrueys, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krebs, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kautzky-Willer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krssak, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orthofer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penninger, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.26.465828</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Glucose intolerance in aging is mediated by the Gpcpd1-GPC metabolic axis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.08.02.502451v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Can pseudotopological models for SMC-driven DNA loop extrusion explain the traversal of physical roadblocks bigger than the SMC ring size? 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.08.02.502451v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
DNA loop extrusion by structural-maintenance-of-chromosome (SMC) complexes has emerged as a primary organizing principle for chromosomes. The mechanism by which SMC motor proteins extrude DNA loops is still unresolved and much debated. The ring-like structure of SMC complexes prompted multiple models where the extruded DNA is topologically or pseudotopologically entrapped within the ring during loop extrusion. However, recent experiments showed the passage of roadblocks much bigger than the SMC ring size, suggesting a nontopological mechanism. Recently, attempts were made to reconcile the observed passage of large roadblocks with a pseudotopological mechanism. Here we examine the predictions of these pseudotopological models, and find that they are not consistent with some experimental data on SMC roadblock encounters. Particularly, these models predict the formation of two loops and that roadblocks will reside near the stem of the loop upon encounter - both in contrast to experimental observations. Overall, the experimental data reinforce the notion of a nontopological mechanism for extrusion of DNA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pradhan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barth, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, I. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torre, J. v. d.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dekker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.02.502451</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Can pseudotopological models for SMC-driven DNA loop extrusion explain the traversal of physical roadblocks bigger than the SMC ring size?]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.08.01.502280v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tumor necrosis factor is a necroptosis-associated alarmin 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.08.01.502280v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Necroptosis is a form of regulated cell death that can occur downstream of several immune pathways. While previous studies have shown that dysregulated necroptosis leads to strong inflammatory responses, little is known about the identity of the endogenous molecules that trigger necroptosis-mediated inflammatory responses. Using a reductionist in vitro model, we found that soluble TNF is strongly released in the context of necroptosis. On the one hand, necroptosis promotes TNF translation by inhibiting negative regulatory mechanisms acting at the post-transcriptional level. On the other hand, necroptosis markedly enhances TNF release by activating ADAM proteases. In studying TNF release at single-cell resolution, we found that TNF release triggered by necroptosis is activated in a switch-like manner and exceeds steady-state TNF processing in magnitude and speed. Although this shedding response precedes massive membrane damage, it is closely associated with lytic cell death. In fact, we found that lytic cell death induction using a pore-forming toxin also triggers TNF shedding, indicating that the activation of ADAM proteases is not strictly related to the necroptotic pathway but associated with biophysical changes of the cell membrane upon lytic cell death. These results demonstrate that lytic cell death, particularly necroptosis, is a critical trigger for TNF release and thus qualify TNF as a necroptosis-associated alarmin.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pinci, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaidt, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagl, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuut, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hornung, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.01.502280</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tumor necrosis factor is a necroptosis-associated alarmin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.08.08.502945v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
UNC-45 assisted myosin folding depends on a conserved FX3HY motif implicated in Freeman Sheldon Syndrome 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.08.08.502945v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Myosin motors are critical for diverse motility functions ranging from cytokinesis and endocytosis to muscle contraction. The UNC-45 chaperone controls myosin function mediating the folding, assembly, and degradation of the muscle protein. Here, we analyze the molecular mechanism of UNC-45 as a hub in myosin quality control. We show that UNC-45 forms discrete complexes with folded and unfolded myosin, forwarding them to downstream chaperones and E3 ligases. Structural analysis of a minimal chaperone:substrate complex reveals that UNC-45 binds to a conserved FX3HY motif in the myosin motor domain. Disrupting the observed interface by mutagenesis prevents myosin maturation leading to protein aggregation in vivo. We also show that a mutation in the FX3HY motif linked to the Freeman Sheldon Syndrome impairs UNC-45 assisted folding, reducing the level of functional myosin. These findings demonstrate that a faulty myosin quality control is a critical yet unexplored cause of human myopathies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Clausen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vogel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnese, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gudino Carrillo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sehr, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bylicki, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meinhart, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.08.502945</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[UNC-45 assisted myosin folding depends on a conserved FX3HY motif implicated in Freeman Sheldon Syndrome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.08.14.503930v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unconventional Initiation of PINK1/Parkin Mitophagy by Optineurin 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.08.14.503930v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cargo sequestration is a fundamental step of selective autophagy in which cells generate a double membrane structure termed an autophagosome on the surface of cargoes. NDP52, TAX1BP1 and p62 bind FIP200 which recruits the ULK1/2 complex to initiate autophagosome formation on cargoes. How OPTN initiates autophagosome formation during selective autophagy remains unknown despite its importance in neurodegeneration. Here, we uncover an unconventional path of PINK1/Parkin mitophagy initiation by OPTN that does not begin with FIP200 binding nor require the ULK1/2 kinases. Using gene-edited cell lines and in vitro reconstitutions, we show that OPTN utilizes the kinase TBK1 which binds directly to the class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex I to initiate mitophagy. During NDP52 mitophagy initiation, TBK1 is functionally redundant with ULK1/2, classifying TBK1s role as a selective autophagy initiating kinase. Overall, this work reveals that OPTN mitophagy initiation is mechanistically distinct and highlights the mechanistic plasticity of selective autophagy pathways.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, T. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sawa-makarska, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khuu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lam, W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adriaenssens, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fracchiolla, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shoebridge, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Padman, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skulsuppaisarn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindblom, R. S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martens, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lazarou, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.14.503930</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unconventional Initiation of PINK1/Parkin Mitophagy by Optineurin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.08.08.503215v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A complex role of Arabidopsis CDKD;3 in meiotic progression and cytokinesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.08.08.503215v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Meiosis is a specialized cell division that halves the number of chromosomes in two consecutive rounds of chromosome segregation. In angiosperm plants is meiosis followed by mitotic divisions to form rudimentary haploid gametophytes. In Arabidopsis, termination of meiosis and transition to gametophytic development is governed by TDM1 and SMG7 that mediate inhibition of translation. Mutants deficient in this mechanism do not form tetrads, but instead undergo multiple cycles of aberrant nuclear divisions, that are likely caused by the failure to downregulate cyclin dependent kinases during meiotic exit. A suppressor screen to identify genes that contribute to meiotic exit uncovered a mutation in CDKD;3 that alleviates meiotic defects in smg7 deficient plants. The CDKD;3 deficiency prevents aberrant meiotic divisions observed in smg7 mutants, or delays their onset after initiation of cytokinesis, which permits formation of functional microspores. Although CDKD;3 acts as an activator of CDKA;1, the main cyclin dependent kinase that regulates meiosis, cdkd;3 mutation appears to promote meiotic exit independently of CDKA;1. Furthermore, analysis of CDKD;3 interactome revealed enrichment for proteins implicated in cytokinesis suggesting a more complex function of CDKD;3 in cell cycle regulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tanasa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shukla, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cairo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ganji, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mikulkova, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valuchova, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raxwal, V. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Capitao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schnittger, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zdrahal, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riha, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.08.503215</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A complex role of Arabidopsis CDKD;3 in meiotic progression and cytokinesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.08.12.503801v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genes encoding cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and glutathione S-transferases associated with herbicide resistance evolved before the origin of land plants 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.08.12.503801v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) monooxygenases and glutathione S-transferases (GST) are enzymes that catalyse chemical modifications of a range of organic compounds. Herbicide tolerance is associated with higher levels of CYP and GST gene expression in some herbicide-resistant weed populations compared to sensitive populations of the same species. By comparing the protein sequences of 9 representative species of the Archaeplastida - the lineage which includes red algae, glaucophyte algae, chlorophyte algae, and streptophytes - and generating phylogenetic trees, we identified the CYP and GST proteins that existed in the common ancestor of the Archaeplastida. All CYP clans and all but one land plant GST classes present in land plants evolved before the divergence of streptophyte algae and land plants from their last common ancestor. We also demonstrate that there are more genes encoding CYP and GST proteins in land plants than in algae. The larger numbers of genes among land plants largely results from gene duplications in CYP clans 71, 72, and 85 and in the GST Phi and Tau classes. Enzymes that either chemically alter herbicides or confer herbicide resistance belong to CYP clans 71 and 72 and the GST Phi and Tau classes. These results demonstrate that the clan and class diversity in extant plant CYP and GST proteins evolved in the Proterozoic before the divergence of land plants and streptophyte algae from a last common ancestor. Then, early in embryophyte evolution during the Palaeozoic, gene duplication in four of the twelve CYP clans, and in two of the fourteen GST classes, led to the large numbers of CYP and GST proteins found in extant land plants. It is among the genes of CYP clans 71 and 72 and GST classes Phi and Tau that alleles conferring herbicide resistance evolved in the last fifty years.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Casey, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dolan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.12.503801</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genes encoding cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and glutathione S-transferases associated with herbicide resistance evolved before the origin of land plants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.08.22.504821v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Endogenous RNAi silences a burgeoning sex chromosome arms race 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.08.22.504821v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although the biological utilities of endogenous RNAi (endo-RNAi) have been largely elusive, recent studies reveal its critical role in the non-model fruitfly Drosophila simulans to suppress selfish genes, whose unchecked activities can severely impair spermatogenesis. In particular, hairpin RNA (hpRNA) loci generate endo-siRNAs that suppress evolutionary novel, X-linked, meiotic drive loci. The consequences of deleting even a single hpRNA (Nmy) in males are profound, as such individuals are nearly incapable of siring male progeny. Here, comparative genomic analyses of D. simulans and D. melanogaster mutants of the core RNAi factor dcr-2 reveal a substantially expanded network of recently-emerged hpRNA-target interactions in the former species. The de novo hpRNA regulatory network in D. simulans bears compelling signatures of sex chromosome conflict and provides insight into molecular strategies that underlie hpRNA emergence. In particular, our data support the existence of ongoing rapid evolution of Nmy/Dox-related networks, recurrent targeting of testis HMG Box loci by hpRNAs, and connections to the piRNA pathway. Importantly, the impact of the endo-RNAi network on gene expression flips the convention for regulatory networks, since we observe strong derepression of targets of the youngest hpRNAs, but only mild effects on the targets of the oldest hpRNAs. These data suggest that endo-RNAi are especially critical during incipient stages of intrinsic sex chromosome conflicts, and that continual cycles of distortion and resolution may contribute to the segregation of species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vedanayagam, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papareddy, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nodine, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flynt, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.22.504821</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Endogenous RNAi silences a burgeoning sex chromosome arms race]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.07.12.499685v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Virus-like transposons cross the species barrier and drive the evolution of genetic incompatibilities 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.07.12.499685v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Horizontal gene transfer--the movement of genetic material between different species--has been reported across all major eukaryotic lineages, including vertebrates. However, the underlying mechanisms of transfer and their impact on genome evolution are still poorly understood. While studying the evolutionary origin of a selfish element in the nematode C. briggsae, we discovered that Mavericks, ancient viral-like transposons related to giant viruses and virophages, are one of the long-sought vectors of horizontal gene transfer. We found that Mavericks gained a novel herpesvirus-like fusogen in nematodes, leading to the widespread exchange of cargo genes between extremely divergent species, bypassing sexual and genetic barriers spanning hundreds of millions of years. Our results show how the union between viruses and transposons--natures melting pot--causes horizontal gene transfer and ultimately genetic incompatibilities in natural populations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Widen, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campo Bes, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koreshova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krogull, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burga, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.12.499685</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Virus-like transposons cross the species barrier and drive the evolution of genetic incompatibilities]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.07.14.499699v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-chamber cardioids unravel human heart development and cardiac defects 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.07.14.499699v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The number one cause of human fetal death are defects in heart development. Because the human embryonic heart is inaccessible, and the impacts of mutations, drugs, and environmental factors on the specialized functions of different heart compartments are not captured by in vitro models, determining the underlying causes is difficult. Here, we established a human cardioid platform that recapitulates the development of all major embryonic heart compartments, including right and left ventricles, atria, outflow tract, and atrioventricular canal. By leveraging both 2D and 3D differentiation, we efficiently generated progenitor subsets with distinct first, anterior, and posterior second heart field identities. This advance enabled the reproducible generation of cardioids with compartment-specific in vivo-like gene expression profiles, morphologies, and functions. We used this platform to unravel the ontogeny of signal and contraction propagation between interacting heart chambers and dissect how genetic and environmental factors cause region-specific defects in the developing human heart.



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=155 SRC="FIGDIR/small/499699v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (44K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@c9c629org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@f0d521org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1389411org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@181098a_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG HIGHLIGHTS- Mesoderm induction and patterning signals specify aSHF, pSHF, and FHF progenitors
- Cardiac progenitors sort, co-develop and functionally connect in multi-chamber cardioids
- Multi-chamber cardioids coordinate contraction propagation and share a lumen
- Multi-chamber platform dissects genetic (ISL1, TBX5, FOXF1) and teratogenic defects
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deyett, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ilmer, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caballero, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haendeler, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pimpale, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Netzer, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ginistrelli, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cirigliano, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mancheno, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reumann, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tavernini, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hering, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hofbauer, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendjan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.14.499699</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-chamber cardioids unravel human heart development and cardiac defects]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.07.16.500291v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular characteristics of diel rhythmic diversity reveal disconnection between different levels of organismal rhythmicity 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.07.16.500291v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The circadian clock controls behavior and metabolism in various organisms. However, the exact timing and strength of rhythmic phenotypes can vary significantly between individuals of the same species. This is highly relevant for the rhythmically complex marine environments where organismal rhythmic diversity likely permits the occupation of different microenvironments. When investigating circadian locomotor behavior of Platynereis dumerilii, a model system for marine molecular chronobiology, we found strain-specific, high variability between individual worms. The individual patterns were reproducibly maintained for several weeks independent of basic culture conditions, such as population density or feeding. A diel head transcriptome comparison of behaviorally rhythmic versus arrhythmic wildtype worms showed that 24h cycling of core circadian clock transcripts is identical between both behavioral phenotypes. While behaviorally arrhythmic worms showed a similar total number of cycling transcripts compared to their behaviorally rhythmic counterparts, the annotation categories of their transcripts, however, differed substantially. Consistent with their locomotor phenotype, behaviorally rhythmic worms exhibit an enrichment of cycling transcripts related to neuronal/behavioral processes. In contrast, behaviorally arrhythmic worms showed significantly increased diel cycling for metabolism- and physiology-related transcripts. Phenotype-specific cycling of distinct matrix metalloproteinase transcripts, encoding extracellular enzymes that modulate synaptic circuit function and neuropeptide signaling, like pigment dispersing factor (PDF), prompted us to functionally investigate Platynereis pdf. Differing from its role in Drosophila, loss of pdf impacts on overall activity levels, but shows only indirect effects on rhythmicity. Our results show that individuals arrhythmic in a given process can show increased rhythmicity in others. Across the Platynereis population, variations of this exist as a reproducible continuum. We hypothesize that such diel rhythm breadth is an important biodiversity resource enabling the species to quickly adapt to heterogeneous marine environments and potentially also to the effects of climate change, which is however endangered with shrinking population sizes and hence diversity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Häfker, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holcik, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vadiwala, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beets, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stockinger, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hammer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schoofs, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raible, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tessmar-Raible, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.16.500291</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular characteristics of diel rhythmic diversity reveal disconnection between different levels of organismal rhythmicity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.04.12.439420v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Translational specialization in pluripotency by RBPMS poises future lineage-decisions 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.04.12.439420v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The blueprints for developing organs are preset at the early stages of embryogenesis. Transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms are proposed to preset developmental trajectories. However, we reveal that the competence for future cardiac fate of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) is preset in pluripotency by a specialized mRNA translation circuit controlled by RBPMS. RBPMS is recruited to active ribosomes in hESCs to control the translation of essential factors needed for cardiac commitment program, including WNT signaling. Consequently, RBPMS loss specifically and severely impedes cardiac mesoderm specification leading to patterning and morphogenesis defects in human cardiac organoids. Mechanistically, RBPMS specializes mRNA translation, selectively via 3UTR binding and globally by promoting translation initiation. Accordingly, RBPMS loss causes translation initiation defects highlighted by aberrant retention of the EIF3 complex and depletion of EIF5A from mRNAs, thereby abrogating ribosome recruitment. We reveal how future fate trajectories are preprogrammed during embryogenesis by specialized mRNA translation.

Teaser: Cardiac fate competence is preprogrammed in pluripotency by specialized mRNA translation of factors initiating cardiogenesis
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bartsch, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalamkar, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahuja, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bazzi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papantonis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurian, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.12.439420</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Translational specialization in pluripotency by RBPMS poises future lineage-decisions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.08.19.504522v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Development of a multi-sensor integrated midbrain organoid-on-a-chip platform for studying Parkinson's disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.08.19.504522v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Due to its ability to recapitulate key pathological processes in vitro, midbrain organoid technology has significantly advanced the modeling of Parkinsons disease over the last few years. However, some limitations such as insufficient tissue differentiation and maturation, deficient nutrient supply, and low analytical accessibility persist, altogether restricting the technology from reaching its full potential. To overcome these drawbacks, we have developed a multi-sensor integrated organ-on-a-chip platform capable of monitoring the electrophysiological, respiratory, and dopaminergic activity of human midbrain organoids. Our study showed that microfluidic cultivation resulted in a marked reduction in necrotic core formation, improved tissue differentiation as well as the recapitulation of key pathological hallmarks. Non-invasive monitoring employing an orthogonal sensing strategy revealed a clear time dependency in the onset of Parkinsons disease-related phenotypes, reflecting the complex progression of the neurodegenerative disorder. Furthermore, drug-mediated rescue effects were observed after treatment with the repurposed compound 2-hydroxypropyl {beta}-cyclodextrin, highlighting the platforms potential in the context of drug screening applications as well as personalized medicine.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Spitz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolognin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandauer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuessl, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schuller, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schobesberger, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jordan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaedl, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grillari, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wanzenboeck, H. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayr, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harasek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwamborn, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ertl, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.19.504522</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Development of a multi-sensor integrated midbrain organoid-on-a-chip platform for studying Parkinson's disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.08.26.505062v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification and characterization of repressive domains in Drosophila transcription factors 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.08.26.505062v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
All multicellular life relies on differential gene expression, determined by regulatory DNA elements and DNA-binding transcription factors that mediate activation and repression via cofactor recruitment. While activators have been extensively characterized, repressors are less well studied and their repressive domains (RDs) are typically unknown, as are the RDs properties and the co-repressors (CoRs) they recruit. Here, we develop the high-throughput next-generation-sequencing-based method Repressive-Domain (RD)-seq to systematically identify RDs in complex libraries. Screening more than 200,000 fragments covering the coding sequences of all transcription-related proteins in Drosophila melanogaster, we identify 195 RDs in known repressors and in proteins not previously associated with repression. Many RDs contain recurrent short peptide motifs that are required for RD function, as demonstrated by motif mutagenesis, and are conserved between fly and human. Moreover, we show that RDs which contain one of five distinct repressive motifs interact with and depend on different CoRs, including Groucho, CtBP, Sin3A or Smrter. Overall, our work constitutes an invaluable resource and advances our understanding of repressors, their sequences, and the functional impact of sequence-altering mutations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Klaus, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Almeida, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vlasova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nemcko, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schleiffer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergauer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rath, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stark, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.26.505062</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification and characterization of repressive domains in Drosophila transcription factors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.08.29.505645v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HUWE1 controls tristetraprolin proteasomal degradation by regulating its phosphorylation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.08.29.505645v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tristetraprolin (TTP) is a critical negative immune regulator. It binds AU-rich elements in the untranslated-regions of many mRNAs encoding pro-inflammatory mediators, thereby accelerating their decay. A key but poorly understood mechanism of TTP regulation is its timely proteolytic removal: TTP is degraded by the proteasome through yet unidentified phosphorylation-controlled drivers. In this study, we set out to identify factors controlling TTP stability. Cellular assays showed that TTP is strongly lysine-ubiquitinated, which is required for its turnover. A genetic screen identified the ubiquitin E3 ligase HUWE1 as a strong regulator of TTP proteasomal degradation, which we found to control TTP stability indirectly by regulating its phosphorylation. Pharmacological assessment of multiple kinases revealed that HUWE1-regulated TTP phosphorylation and stability was independent of the previously characterized effects of MAPK-mediated S52/S178 phosphorylation. HUWE1 function was dependent on phosphatase and E3 ligase binding sites identified in the TTP C-terminus. Our findings indicate that while phosphorylation of S52/S178 is critical for TTP stabilization at earlier times after pro-inflammatory stimulation, phosphorylation of the TTP C-terminus controls its stability at later stages.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Scinicariello, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soederholm, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaefer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shulkina, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwartz, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hacker, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gogova, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalis, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Froussios, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Budroni, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bestehorn, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clausen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kovarik, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuber, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Versteeg, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.29.505645</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HUWE1 controls tristetraprolin proteasomal degradation by regulating its phosphorylation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.08.30.505823v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural basis of how the BIRC6/SMAC complex regulates apoptosis and autophagy 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.08.30.505823v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) bind to pro-apoptotic proteases, keeping them inactive and preventing cell death. BIRC6 is an exceptionally large, multidomain IAP that inhibits its targets by means of its atypical ubiquitin ligase activity and in addition, functions as an inhibitor of autophagy by depleting LC3B. Little is known of the mechanisms by which BIRC6 interacts with its targets and fulfills these two roles. Here, we determined the cryo-EM structure of BIRC6 alone and in complex with two mitochondrial pro-apoptotic proteins, HTRA2 and SMAC. We show BIRC6 is an antiparallel homodimer that forms a crescent shape that arcs around a spacious cavity. The cavity is surrounded by binding sites for client proteins, where they interact with the flexible UBC domain that mediates ubiquitin ligation. Functional data reveal that multivalent binding of SMAC in the central cavity obstructs substrate binding, impeding ubiquitination of both autophagy and apoptotic target proteins. Together our data reveal the molecular mechanisms of how SMAC specifically binds and inhibits BIRC6 to promote apoptosis, and how this regulatory mechanism also extends to autophagy substrates. The interaction sites are hot spots of cancer and atrophy mutations, highlighting the importance of carefully balancing the interplay between BIRC6 and SMAC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ehrmann, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grabarczyk, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heinke, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deszcz, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurzbauer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hudecz, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shulkina, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gogova, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meinhart, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Versteeg, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clausen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.30.505823</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural basis of how the BIRC6/SMAC complex regulates apoptosis and autophagy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.08.31.505973v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptome changes in chlorsulfuron-treated plants are caused by acetolactate synthase inhibition and not induction of a herbicide detoxification system in Marchantia polymorpha 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.08.31.505973v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A sensing mechanism in mammals perceives xenobiotics and induces the transcription of genes encoding proteins that detoxify these molecules. However, it is unclear if plants sense xenobiotics, and activate an analogous signalling system leading to their detoxification. Using the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, we tested the hypothesis that there is a sensing system in plants that perceives herbicides resulting in the increased transcription of genes encoding proteins that detoxify these herbicides. Consistent with the hypothesis, we show that chlorsulfuron-treatment induces changes in the M. polymorpha transcriptome. However, these transcriptome changes do not occur in chlorsulfuron (CS)-treated target site resistant mutants, where the gene encoding the target carries a mutation that confers resistance to chlorsulfuron. Instead, we show that inactivation of the chlorsulfuron target, acetolactate synthase (ALS) (also known as acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS)), is required for the transcriptome response. These data are consistent with the changes in the transcriptome of chlorsulfuron-treated plants being caused by disrupted amino acid synthesis and metabolism resulting from acetolactate synthase inhibition. These conclusions suggest that chlorsulfuron is not sensed in M. polymorpha leading to induce a detoxification system.

Author SummaryHerbicide use is increasing throughout the world, however we know little about how plants respond to herbicide treatment and regulate their metabolism. Some plants have evolved resistance to herbicides such as chlorsulfuron by increasing the detoxification of the herbicide compared to sensitive plants. It has been suggested that plants can directly sense the herbicide chemical which activates a detoxification response, in a similar way to the detoxification of foreign chemicals in mammalian cells. The liverwort Marchantia polymorpha is an excellent system to study plant herbicide responses due to its short generation time, ease of propagation and low genetic redundancy. We show that chlorsulfuron treatment alters the expression of many genes in M. polymorpha, however plants with a resistance-conferring mutation in the molecular target of chlorsulfuron do not show any changes in gene expression in response to chlorsulfuron treatment. This result indicates that transcriptome changes caused by chlorsulfuron depend on the inhibition of the target by chlorsulfuron. This suggests that plants do not sense chlorsulfuron and activate a detoxification system. This finding has implications for herbicide use and discovery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Casey, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Köcher, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caygill, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Champion, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonnot, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dolan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.31.505973</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptome changes in chlorsulfuron-treated plants are caused by acetolactate synthase inhibition and not induction of a herbicide detoxification system in Marchantia polymorpha]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.09.01.506203v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Wide Window Acquisition and AI-based data analysis to reach deep proteome coverage for a wide sample range, including single cell proteomic inputs 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.09.01.506203v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A comprehensive proteome map is essential to elucidate molecular pathways and protein functions. Although great improvements in sample preparation, instrumentation and data analysis already yielded impressive results, current studies suffer from a limited proteomic depth and dynamic range therefore lacking low abundant or highly hydrophobic proteins. Here, we combine and benchmark advanced micro pillar array columns ({micro}PAC) operated at nanoflow with Wide Window Acquisition (WWA) and the AI-based CHIMERYS search engine for data analysis to maximize chromatographic separation power, sensitivity and proteome coverage.

Our data shows that {micro}PAC columns clearly outperform classical packed bed columns boosting peptide IDs by up to 140%. Already at classical narrow isolation widths CHIMERYS boosted ID rates by a factor of 2.6 compared to the conventional search engine MS Amanda 2.0. By combining CHIMERYS with WWA, even a 4.6-fold increase in ID rates could be achieved.

Using our optimized workflow, we were further able to identify more than 10,000 proteins from a single 2 h gradient shotgun analysis. We further investigated the applicability of WWA for single cell inputs and found that the choice of the optimal isolation window width depends on sample input and complexity. Using a short 5.5 cm column and very high flow rates during loading and column equilibration we improved sample throughput to [~]100 samples per day while maintaining high protein ID numbers. We believe that this is especially important for the single cell field where throughput is one of the most limiting factors.

Finally, we applied our optimized workflow on immunoprecipitations of Smarca5/SNF2H and found 32 additional interaction partners compared to the original workflow utilizing a packed bed column. These additional interaction partners include previously described interaction partners of Smarca5 like Baz2b as well as undescribed interactors including Arid1a, which is also involved in chromatin remodeling and has been described as key player in neurodevelopmental and malignant disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mayer, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matzinger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmücker, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stejskal, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krssakova, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berger, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mechtler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.01.506203</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Wide Window Acquisition and AI-based data analysis to reach deep proteome coverage for a wide sample range, including single cell proteomic inputs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.08.31.506061v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enhancers display constrained sequence flexibility and context-specific modulation of motif function 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.08.31.506061v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The information about when and where each gene is to be expressed is mainly encoded in the DNA sequence of enhancers, sequence elements that comprise binding sites (motifs) for different transcription factors (TFs). Most of the research on enhancer sequences has been focused on TF motif presence, while the enhancer syntax, i.e. the flexibility of important motif positions and how the sequence context modulates the activity of TF motifs, remain poorly understood. Here, we explore the rules of enhancer syntax by a two-pronged approach in Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells: we (1) replace important motifs by an exhaustive set of all possible 65,536 eight-nucleotide-long random sequences and (2) paste eight important TF motif types into 763 positions within 496 enhancers. These complementary strategies reveal that enhancers display constrained sequence flexibility and the context-specific modulation of motif function. Important motifs can be functionally replaced by hundreds of sequences constituting several distinct motif types, but only a fraction of all possible sequences and motif types restore enhancer activity. Moreover, TF motifs contribute with different intrinsic strengths that are strongly modulated by the enhancer sequence context (the flanking sequence, presence and diversity of other motif types, and distance between motifs), such that not all motif types can work in all positions. The context-specific modulation of motif function is also a hallmark of human enhancers and TF motifs, as we demonstrate experimentally. Overall, these two general principles of enhancer sequences are important to understand and predict enhancer function during development, evolution and in disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Reiter, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Almeida, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stark, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.31.506061</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enhancers display constrained sequence flexibility and context-specific modulation of motif function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.09.01.506233v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distinct features in fish Bouncer proteins determine sperm-egg compatibility 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.09.01.506233v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
All sexually reproducing organisms depend on fertilization to survive as species. Despite the importance of fertilization, the mechanisms that drive sperm-egg compatibility are poorly understood. In fish, the egg protein Bouncer is necessary for fertilization and is species-specific between medaka and zebrafish. Here, we investigate whether Bouncer is generally species-specific in fish and identify features mediating its medaka/zebrafish specificity. In vitro fertilization experiments using zebrafish and medaka show that Bouncer is not a general specificity factor. Instead, its homologs exhibit wide compatibility with sperm, in line with the pervasive purifying selection that dominates Bouncers evolution. We further uncover specific features of Bouncer-- distinct amino acid residues and N-glycosylation patterns--that differentially influence the function of medaka and zebrafish Bouncer homologs and contribute to medaka/zebrafish specificity. This work reveals important themes central to understanding Bouncers function in sperm binding and clarifying the molecular requirements for Bouncers sperm interaction partner.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gert, K. R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panser, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Surm, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinmetz, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schleiffer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moran, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kondrashov, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pauli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.01.506233</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distinct features in fish Bouncer proteins determine sperm-egg compatibility]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.09.08.507093v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CTCF is a DNA-tension-dependent barrier to cohesin-mediated DNA loop extrusion 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.09.08.507093v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In eukaryotes, genomic DNA is extruded into loops by cohesin1. By restraining this process, the DNA-binding protein CTCF generates topologically associating domains (TADs)2-4 that play key roles in gene regulation and recombination during development and disease1,5-8. How CTCF establishes TAD boundaries and to what extent these are permeable to cohesin is unknown9. To address these questions, we visualize interactions of single CTCF and cohesin molecules on DNA in vitro. We show that CTCF is sufficient to block diffusing cohesin, possibly reflecting how cohesive cohesin accumulates at TAD boundaries, as well as to block loop-extruding cohesin, reflecting how CTCF establishes TAD boundaries. CTCF functions asymmetrically, as predicted, but unexpectedly is dependent on DNA tension. Moreover, CTCF regulates cohesins loop extrusion activity by changing its direction and by inducing loop shrinkage. Our data indicate that CTCF is not, as previously assumed, simply a barrier to cohesin-mediated loop extrusion but is an active regulator of this process, where the permeability of TAD boundaries can be modulated by DNA tension. These results reveal mechanistic principles of how CTCF controls loop extrusion and genome architecture.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Davidson, I. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barth, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaczek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Torre, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagasaka, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janissen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerssemakers, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wutz, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dekker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.08.507093</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CTCF is a DNA-tension-dependent barrier to cohesin-mediated DNA loop extrusion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.09.18.508265v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Post-mating parental behavior trajectories differ across four species of deer mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.09.18.508265v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Among species, parental behaviors vary in their magnitude, onset relative to reproduction, and sexual dimorphism. In deer mice (genus Peromyscus), while most species are promiscuous with low paternal care, monogamy and biparental care have evolved at least twice under different ecological conditions. Here, in a common laboratory setting, we monitored parental behaviors of males and females of two promiscuous (eastern deer mouse P. maniculatus and white-footed mouse P. leucopus) and two monogamous (oldfield mouse P. polionotus and California mouse P. californicus) species from before mating to after giving birth. In the promiscuous species, females showed parental behaviors largely after parturition, while males showed little parental care. In contrast, both sexes of monogamous species performed parental behaviors. However, while oldfield mice began to display parental behaviors before mating, California mice showed robust parental care behaviors only postpartum. These different parental-care trajectories in the two monogamous species align with their socioecology. Oldfield mice have overlapping home ranges with relatives, so infants they encounter, even if not their own, are likely to be closely related. By contrast, California mice disperse longer distances into exclusive territories with possibly unrelated neighbors, decreasing the inclusive fitness benefits of caring for unfamiliar pups before parenthood. Together, we find that patterns of parental behaviors in Peromyscus are consistent with predictions from inclusive fitness theory.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Khadraoui, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merritt, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoekstra, H. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bendesky, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.18.508265</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Post-mating parental behavior trajectories differ across four species of deer mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.09.19.508483v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Mouse N-Glycome Atlas - High-resolution N-glycan analysis of 23 mouse tissues. 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.09.19.508483v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
N-glycosylation is one of the most common protein modifications in eukaryotes, with immense importance at the molecular, cellular, and organismal level. Accurate and reliable N-glycan analysis is essential to obtain a systems-wide understanding of fundamental biological processes. Due to the structural complexity of glycans, their analysis is still highly challenging. Here we make publicly available a consistent N-glycome dataset of 20 different mouse tissues and demonstrate a multimodal data analysis workflow that allows for unprecedented depth and coverage of N-glycome features. This highly scalable, LC-MS/MS data-driven method integrates the automated identification of N-glycan spectra, the application of non-targeted N-glycome profiling strategies and the isomer-sensitive analysis of glycan structures. Our delineation of critical sub-structural determinants and glycan isomers across the mouse N-glycome uncovered tissue-specific glycosylation patterns, the expression of non-canonical N-glycan structures and highlights multiple layers of N-glycome complexity that derive from organ-specific regulations of glycobiological pathways.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Helm, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mereiter, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oliveira, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penninger, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altmann, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stadlmann, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.19.508483</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Mouse N-Glycome Atlas - High-resolution N-glycan analysis of 23 mouse tissues.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.09.21.508930v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Alternative proteoforms and proteoform-dependent assemblies in humans and plants 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.09.21.508930v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Variability of proteins at the sequence level creates an enormous potential for proteome complexity. Exploring the depths and limits of this complexity is an ongoing goal in biology. Here, we systematically survey human and plant high-throughput bottom-up native proteomics data for protein truncation variants, where substantial regions of the full-length protein are missing from an observed protein product. In humans, Arabidopsis, and the green alga Chlamydomonas, approximately one percent of observed proteins show a short form, which we can assign by comparison to RNA isoforms as either likely deriving from transcript-directed processes or limited proteolysis. While some detected protein fragments align with known splice forms and protein cleavage events, multiple examples are previously undescribed, such as our observation of fibrocystin proteolysis and nuclear translocation in a green alga. We find that truncations occur almost entirely between structured protein domains, even when short forms are derived from transcript variants. Intriguingly, multiple endogenous protein truncations of phase-separating translational proteins resemble cleaved proteoforms produced by enteroviruses during infection. Some truncated proteins are also observed in both humans and plants, suggesting that they date to the last eukaryotic common ancestor. Finally, we describe novel proteoform-specific protein complexes, where loss of a domain may accompany complex formation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McWhite, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sae-Lee, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mallam, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gort-Frietas, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramundo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Onishi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marcotte, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.21.508930</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Alternative proteoforms and proteoform-dependent assemblies in humans and plants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.09.21.508879v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural studies of cilia and flagella associated protein 410 (CFAP410) reveal its bimodular organization with an N-terminal LRR motif and a C-terminal tetrameric helical bundle 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.09.21.508879v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cilia and flagella associated protein 410 (CFAP410) is a protein localized at the basal body of cilia/flagella and plays essential roles in ciliogenesis. Multiple single amino acid mutations in CFAP410 have been identified in patients. However, the molecular mechanism for how the mutations cause these disorders remains poorly understood due to a lack of high-resolution structures of the protein. Our studies demonstrate that CFAP410 adopts a bimodular architecture. We have previously reported our structural studies on the C-terminal domain (CTD) of CFAP410 from various organisms. Here we report a 1.0-[A] resolution crystal structure of the N-terminal domain (NTD) of Trypanosoma brucei CFAP410. We further examined how the disease-causing mutations in this domain may affect the folding and structural stability of CFAP410. Our results suggest that the single-residue mutations in the CFAP410-NTD cause human diseases by destabilizing the structure that subsequently disrupts its interaction with other partners.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stadler, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabriel, H. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alonso-Gil, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crickley, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korbula, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zagrovic, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaughan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sunter, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.21.508879</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural studies of cilia and flagella associated protein 410 (CFAP410) reveal its bimodular organization with an N-terminal LRR motif and a C-terminal tetrameric helical bundle]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.09.23.509019v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cohesin mediates DNA loop extrusion and sister chromatid cohesion by distinct mechanisms 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.09.23.509019v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cohesin connects CTCF binding sites and other genomic loci in cis to form chromatin loops, and replicated DNA molecules in trans to mediate sister chromatid cohesion. Whether cohesin uses distinct or related mechanisms to perform these functions is unknown. Here we describe a cohesin hinge mutant, which can extrude DNA into loops but is unable to mediate cohesion. Our results suggest that the latter defect arises during cohesion establishment. The observation that cohesins cohesion and loop extrusion activities can be separated indicates that cohesin uses distinct mechanisms to perform these two functions. Unexpectedly, the same hinge mutant can also not be stopped by CTCF boundaries as well as wildtype cohesin. This suggests that cohesion establishment and cohesins interaction with CTCF boundaries depend on related mechanisms and raises the possibility that both require transient hinge opening to entrap DNA inside the cohesin ring.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nagasaka, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, I. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stocsits, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wutz, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batty, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panarotto, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Litos, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schleiffer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerlich, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.23.509019</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cohesin mediates DNA loop extrusion and sister chromatid cohesion by distinct mechanisms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.09.30.509643v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functionally distinct promoter classes initiate transcription via different mechanisms reflected in focused versus dispersed initiation patterns 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.09.30.509643v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recruitment of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) to promoter regions is essential for transcription. Despite conflicting evidence, the Pol II Pre-Initiation Complex (PIC) is often thought to be of uniform composition and assemble at all promoters via an identical mechanism. Here, we show using Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells as a model that promoter classes with distinct functions and initiation patterns function via PICs that display different compositions and dependencies: developmental promoter DNA readily associates with the canonical Pol II PIC, whereas housekeeping promoter DNA does not and instead recruit different factors such as DREF. Consistently, TBP and DREF are required by distinct sets of promoters, and TBP and its paralog TRF2 function at different promoter types, partly exclusively and partly redundantly. In contrast, TFIIA is required for transcription from all promoters, and we identify factors that can recruit and/or stabilize TFIIA at housekeeping promoters and activate transcription. We show that promoter activation by these factors is sufficient to induce the dispersed transcription initiation patterns characteristic of housekeeping promoters. Thus, different promoter classes direct distinct mechanisms of transcription initiation, which relate to different focused versus dispersed initiation patterns.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Serebreni, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pleyer, L.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haberle, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hendy, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vlasova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loubiere, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nemcko, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergauer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roitinger, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mechtler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stark, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.30.509643</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functionally distinct promoter classes initiate transcription via different mechanisms reflected in focused versus dispersed initiation patterns]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.10.03.510693v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Robust and easy-to-use one pot workflow for label free single cell proteomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.10.03.510693v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The analysis of ultra-low input samples or even individual cells is essential to answering a multitude of biomedical questions, but current proteomic workflows are limited in their sensitivity and reproducibility. Here we report a comprehensive workflow that includes optimized strategies for all steps from cell lysis to data analysis. Thanks to convenient to handle 1 L sample volume and standardized 384 well plates the workflow is easy for even novice users to implement. At the same time, it can be performed semi-automatized using the CellenONE(R), which allows for highest reproducibility. To achieve high throughput, ultrashort gradient lengths down to 5 min were tested using advanced -pillar columns. Data-dependent acquisition (DDA), wide-window acquisition (WWA) and data-independent acquisition (DIA), and commonly used advanced data-analysis algorithms were benchmarked. Using DDA, 1790 proteins covering a dynamic range of four orders of magnitude were identified in a single cell. Using DIA, proteome coverage increased to more than 2200 proteins identified from single cell level input in a 20-min active gradient. The workflow enabled differentiation of two cell lines, demonstrating its suitability to cellular heterogeneity determination.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Matzinger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mueller, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duernberger, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pichler, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mechtler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.03.510693</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Robust and easy-to-use one pot workflow for label free single cell proteomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.10.13.512152v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A fast and versatile method for simultaneous HCR, immunohistochemistry and EdU labeling (SHInE) 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.10.13.512152v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Access to newer, fast and cheap sequencing techniques, particularly on the single-cell level, have made transcriptomic data of tissues or single cells accessible to many researchers. As a consequence, there is increased need for in situ visualization of gene expression or encoded proteins to validate, localize or help interpret such sequencing data, as well as put them in context with cellular proliferation. A particular challenge for labeling and imaging transcripts are complex tissues that are often opaque and/or pigmented, preventing easy visual inspection. Here we introduce a versatile protocol that combines in situ hybridization chain reaction (HCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and proliferative cell labeling using 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine (EdU), and demonstrate its compatibility with tissue clearing. As a proof-of-concept, we show that our protocol allows for the parallel analysis of cell proliferation, gene expression and protein localization in bristleworm heads and trunks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Coric, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stockinger, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaffer, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rokvic, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tessmar-Raible, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raible, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.13.512152</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A fast and versatile method for simultaneous HCR, immunohistochemistry and EdU labeling (SHInE)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.10.24.513534v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SORORIN is an evolutionary conserved antagonist of WAPL 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.10.24.513534v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cohesin mediates sister chromatid cohesion to enable chromosome segregation and DNA damage repair. To perform these functions, cohesin needs to be protected from WAPL, which otherwise releases cohesin from DNA. It has been proposed that cohesin is protected from WAPL by SORORIN. However, in vivo evidence for this antagonism is missing and SORORIN is only known to exist in vertebrates and insects. It is therefore unknown how important and widespread SORORINs functions are. Here we report the identification of SORORIN orthologs in Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Sor1) and Arabidopsis thaliana (AtSORORIN). sor1{Delta} mutants display cohesion defects, which are partially alleviated by wpl1{Delta}. Atsororin mutant plants display dwarfism, tissue specific cohesion defects and chromosome mis-segregation. Furthermore, Atsororin mutant plants are sterile and separate sister chromatids prematurely at anaphase I. The somatic, but not the meiotic deficiencies can be alleviated by loss of WAPL. These results provide in vivo evidence for SORORIN antagonizing WAPL, reveal that SORORIN is present in organisms beyond the animal kingdom and indicate that it has acquired tissue specific functions in plants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Prusen Mota, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schleiffer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyentan, T.-t.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kovacikova, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nishiyama, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gregan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlogelhofer, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.24.513534</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SORORIN is an evolutionary conserved antagonist of WAPL]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.11.03.515015v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cryo-EM structure of the chain-elongating E3 ligase UBR5 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.11.03.515015v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
UBR5 is a nuclear E3 ligase that ubiquitinates a vast range of substrates for proteasomal degradation. This HECT E3 ligase has recently been identified as an important regulator of oncogenes, e.g., MYC, but little is known about its structure or mechanisms of substrate engagement and ubiquitination. Here, we present the cryo-EM structure of the human UBR5, revealing a building block of an antiparallel dimer which can further assemble into larger oligomers. The large helical scaffold of the dimer is decorated with numerous protein-interacting motifs for substrate engagement. Using cryo-EM processing tools, we observe the dynamic nature of the domain movements of UBR5, which allows the catalytic HECT domain to reach engaged substrates. We characterise the proteasomal nuclear import factor AKIRIN2 as an interacting protein and propose UBR5 as an efficient ubiquitin chain elongator. This preference for ubiquitinated substrates permits UBR5 to function in several different signalling pathways and cancers. Together, our data expand on the limited knowledge of the structure and function of HECT E3s.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hodakova, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grishkovskaya, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunner, H. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolhuis, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belacic, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schleiffer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kotisch, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, N. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haselbach, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.03.515015</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cryo-EM structure of the chain-elongating E3 ligase UBR5]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.11.07.515017v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Widespread regulatory specificities between transcriptional corepressors and enhancers in Drosophila 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.11.07.515017v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Animal development and homeostasis critically depend on the accurate regulation of gene transcription, which includes the silencing of genes that should not be expressed. Repression is mediated by a specific class of transcription factors (TFs) termed repressors that, via the recruitment of co-repressors (CoRs), can dominantly prevent transcription, even in the presence of activating cues. However, the relationship between specific CoRs and enhancers has remained unclear. Here, we used functional genomics to uncover regulatory specificities between CoRs and enhancers. We show that enhancers can typically be repressed by only a subset of CoRs. Enhancers classified by CoR sensitivity also show distinct biological functions and endogenous chromatin features. Moreover, enhancers that are sensitive or resistant to silencing by specific CoRs differ in TF motif content, and their sensitivity to CoRs can be predicted based on TF motif content. Finally, we identified and validated specific TF motifs that have a direct impact on enhancers sensitivity or resistance towards specific CoRs, using large scale motif mutagenesis and addition experiments.

This study reveals the existence of TF motif-based regulatory rules that coordinate CoRs-enhancer compatibilities. These specificities between repressors and activators not only suggest that repression occurs via distinct mechanisms, but also provide an additional layer in transcriptional regulation that allows for differential repression at close genomic distances and offers multiple ways for de-repression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jacobs, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pagani, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wenzl, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stark, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.07.515017</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Widespread regulatory specificities between transcriptional corepressors and enhancers in Drosophila]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.11.17.516862v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Epigenetic variation in the Lombardy poplar along climatic gradients is independent of genetic structure and persists across clonal reproduction 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.11.17.516862v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
- Environmental changes can trigger phenotypic variation in plants through epigenetic mechanisms, but strong genetic influences make it difficult to isolate and study epigenetic effects. Clonal trees with low genetic variation, such as the Lombardy poplar (Populus nigra cv.  Italica Duroi), offer a unique system to study epigenetic variation associated with the environment.
- We collected cuttings (ramets) of Lombardy poplar along a wide geographical range in Europe. We performed whole-genome-bisulfite sequencing of 164 ramets grown in a common garden and of a subset of 35 of the original parental individuals. Using historical bioclimatic data, we tested the relationship between DNA methylation and climatic gradients.
- We found that average methylation levels in TEs and promoter regions correlate with biologically relevant climatic variables. Furthermore, we observed that DNA methylation was transmitted to the next clonal generation, but a fraction of the methylome changed relatively fast when comparing the parental individuals with the clonal offspring.
- Our results suggest that the poplar methylome is a dynamic layer of information that can be transmitted to the clonal offspring and potentially affect how poplars acclimate to new environmental conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Diez Rodriguez, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galanti, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nunn, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pena-Ponton, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez-Bello, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sammarco, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jandrasits, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Paoli, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verhoeven, K. J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Opgenoorth, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.17.516862</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Epigenetic variation in the Lombardy poplar along climatic gradients is independent of genetic structure and persists across clonal reproduction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.11.14.516253v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chromatin states at homeoprotein loci distinguish axolotl limb segments prior to regeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.11.14.516253v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The salamander limb regenerates only the missing portion. Each limb segment can only form segments equivalent to- or more distal to their own identity, relying on a property termed "positional information". How positional information is encoded in limb cells has been unknown. By cell-type-specific chromatin profiling of upper arm, lower arm, and hand, we found segment-specific levels of histone H3K27me3 at limb homeoprotein gene loci but not their upstream regulators, constituting an intrinsic segment information code. During regeneration, regeneration-specific regulatory elements became active prior to the re-appearance of developmental regulatory elements. This means that, in the hand segment, the permissive chromatin state of the hand homeoprotein gene HoxA13 engages with regeneration regulatory elements, bypassing the upper limb program.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kawaguchi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knapp, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murawala, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nowoshilow, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masselink, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taniguchi-Sugiura, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fei, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanaka, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.14.516253</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chromatin states at homeoprotein loci distinguish axolotl limb segments prior to regeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.11.14.515727v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exploration of mechanisms of drug resistance by polyaneuploid cancer cells in a microfluidic device and patient tissues 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.11.14.515727v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chemoresistance is a major cause of treatment failure in many cancers. However, the life cycle of cancer cells as they respond to and survive environmental and therapeutic stress is understudied. In this study, we utilized a microfluidic device to induce the development of doxorubicin-resistant (DOXR) cells from triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells within 11 days by generating gradients of DOX and medium. In vivo chemoresistant xenograft models, an unbiased genome-wide transcriptome analysis, and a patient data/tissue analysis all showed that chemoresistance arose from failed epigenetic control of the nuclear protein-1 (NUPR1)/histone deacetylase 11 (HDAC11) axis, and high Nupr1 expression correlated with poor clinical outcomes. These results suggest that the chip can rapidly induce resistant cells that increase tumor heterogeneity and chemoresistance, highlighting the need for further studies on the epigenetic control of the NUPR1/HDAC11 axis in TNBC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lim, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwang, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeonghun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koo, B.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pienta, K. j.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amend, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Austin, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahn, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.14.515727</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exploration of mechanisms of drug resistance by polyaneuploid cancer cells in a microfluidic device and patient tissues]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.10.07.511280v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrated transcriptome and proteome analysis in human brain organoids reveals translational regulation of ribosomal proteins. 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.10.07.511280v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During development of the human cerebral cortex, multipotent neural progenitors generate excitatory neurons and glial cells. Investigations of the transcriptome and epigenome have revealed important gene regulatory networks underlying this crucial developmental event. However, the post-transcriptional control of gene expression and protein abundance during human corticogenesis remains poorly understood. We addressed this issue by using human telencephalic brain organoids grown using a dual reporter cell line to isolate neural progenitors and neurons and performed cell class and developmental stage-specific transcriptome and proteome analysis. Integrating the two datasets revealed modules of gene expression during human corticogenesis. Investigation of one such module uncovered mTOR-mediated regulation of translation of the 5TOP element-enriched translation machinery in early progenitor cells. We show that in early progenitors partial inhibition of the translation of ribosomal genes prevents precocious translation of differentiation markers. Overall, our multiomics approach reveals novel posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms crucial for the fidelity of cortical development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sidhaye, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trepte, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sepke, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novatchkova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schutzbier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duernberger, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mechtler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knoblich, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.07.511280</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrated transcriptome and proteome analysis in human brain organoids reveals translational regulation of ribosomal proteins.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.11.24.517802v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Precision RNAi using synthetic shRNAmir target sites 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.11.24.517802v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Loss-of-function genetic tools are widely applied for validating therapeutic targets, but their utility remains limited by incomplete on- and uncontrolled off-target effects. We describe artificial RNA interference (ARTi) based on synthetic, ultra-potent, off-target-free shRNAs that enable efficient and inducible suppression of any gene upon introduction of a synthetic target sequence into non-coding transcript regions. ARTi establishes a scalable loss-of-function tool with full control over on- and off-target effects.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hoffmann, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hörmann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corcokovic, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zmajkovic, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hinterndorfer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salkanovic, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spreitzer, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Köferle, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gitschtaler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Popa, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oberndorfer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersch, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaefer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fellner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Budano, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruppert, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chetta, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wurm, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuber, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neumüller, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.24.517802</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Precision RNAi using synthetic shRNAmir target sites]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.11.28.518146v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cross-species analysis identifies conserved transcriptional mechanisms of neutrophil maturation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.11.28.518146v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neutrophils are evolutionarily conserved innate defense cells implicated in diverse pathological processes. Zebrafish models have contributed substantially to our understanding of neutrophil functions, but similarities to human neutrophil maturation have not been characterized limiting applicability to study human disease.

We generated transgenic zebrafish strains to distinguish neutrophil maturation grades in vivo and established a high-resolution transcriptional profile of neutrophil maturation. We linked gene expression at each stage to characteristic transcription factors, including C/ebp{beta}, important for late neutrophil maturation. Cross-species comparison of zebrafish, mouse, and human confirmed high molecular similarity in immature stages and discriminated zebrafish-specific from pan-species gene signatures. Applying pan-species neutrophil maturation signatures in RNA-seq data from neuroblastoma patients revealed an association of metastatic tumor cell infiltration in the bone marrow with an increase in mature neutrophils.

Our detailed neutrophil maturation atlas provides a valuable resource for studying neutrophil function at different stages across species in health and disease.

Graphical abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=83 SRC="FIGDIR/small/518146v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kirchberger, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shoeb, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lazic, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaw, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nogueira, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rifatbegovic, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bozsaky, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ladenstein, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bodenmiller, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lion, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Traver, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farlik, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taschner-Mandl, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halbritter, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Distel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.28.518146</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cross-species analysis identifies conserved transcriptional mechanisms of neutrophil maturation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.12.04.519028v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
On the Causes of Gene-Body Methylation Variation in Arabidopsis thaliana 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.12.04.519028v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene-body methylation (gbM) refers to sparse CG methylation of coding regions, which is especially prominent in evolutionarily conserved house-keeping genes. It is found in both plants and animals, but is directly and stably (epigenetically) inherited over multiple generations in the former. Studies in Arabidopsis thaliana have demonstrated that plants originating from different parts of the world exhibit genome-wide differences in gbM, which could reflect direct selection on gbM, but which could also reflect an epigenetic memory of ancestral genetic and/or environmental factors.

Here we look for evidence of such factors in F2 plants resulting from a cross between a southern Swedish line with low gbM and a northern Swedish line with high gbM, grown at two different temperatures. Using bisulfite-sequencing data with nucleotide-level resolution on hundreds of individuals, we confirm that CG sites are either methylated (nearly 100% methylation across sampled cells) or unmethylated (approximately 0% methylation across sampled cells), and show that the higher level of gbM in the northern line is due to more sites being methylated. Furthermore, methylation variants almost always show Mendelian segregation, consistent with their being directly and stably inherited through meiosis.

To explore how the differences between the parental lines could have arisen, we focused on somatic deviations from the inherited state, distinguishing between gains (relative to the inherited 0% methylation) and losses (relative to the inherited 100% methylation) at each site in the F2 generation. We demonstrate that deviations predominantly affect sites that differ between the parental lines, consistent with these sites being more mutable. Gains and losses behave very differently in terms of the genomic distribution, and are influenced by the local chromatin state. We find clear evidence for different trans-acting genetic polymorphism affecting gains and losses, with those affecting gains showing strong environmental interactions (GxE). Direct effects of the environment were minimal.

In conclusion, we show that genetic and environmental factors can change gbM at a cellular level, and hypothesize that these factors can also lead to transgenerational differences between individuals via the inclusion of such changes in the zygote. If true, this could explain genographic pattern of gbM with selection, and would cast doubt on estimates of epimutation rates from inbred lines in constant environments.

Author summaryGene-body methylation, the sparse CG methylation that is associated with house-keeping genes, is found in both plants and animals, but can be directly inherited in the former. Recently, we discovered that Arabidopsis thaliana originating from different geographic regions exhibit different patterns of gbM, which could be due to direct selection on gbM, but could also reflect a transgenerational memory of genetic or environmental factors. Here we look for evidence of such factors using a genetic cross between two natural inbred lines: one with high, and one with low gbM. We confirm that methylation states are stably inherited, but also see large somatic deviations from the inherited state, in particular at sites that differ between the parental lines. We demonstrate that these deviations are affected by genetic variants in interaction with the environment, and hypothesize that geographic differences in gbM arise through the inclusion of such deviations in the zygote.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pisupati, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizhynska, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molla Morales, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nordborg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.04.519028</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[On the Causes of Gene-Body Methylation Variation in Arabidopsis thaliana]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.12.02.518820v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Scavenger receptor endocytosis controls apical membrane morphogenesis in the Drosophila airways 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.12.02.518820v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The acquisition of distinct branch sizes and shapes is a central aspect in tubular organ morphogenesis and function. In the Drosophila airway tree, the interplay of apical ECM components with the underlying membrane and cytoskeleton controls tube elongation, but the link between ECM composition with apical membrane morphogenesis and tube size regulation is elusive. Here, we characterized Emp (epithelial membrane protein), a Drosophila CD36-homologue belonging to the scavenger receptor class B protein-family. emp mutant embryos fail to internalize the luminal chitin deacetylases Serp and Verm at the final stages of airway maturation and die at hatching with liquid filled airways. Emp localizes in apical epithelial membranes and shows cargo selectivity for LDLr-domain containing proteins. emp mutants also display over elongated tracheal tubes with increased levels of the apical proteins Crb, DE-cad and phosphorylated Src (p-Src). We show that Emp associates and organizes the {beta}H-Spectrin cytoskeleton and is itself confined by apical F-actin bundles. Overexpression or loss of its cargo protein Serp lead to abnormal apical accumulations of Emp and perturbations in p-Src levels. We propose that during morphogenesis, Emp senses and responds to luminal cargo levels by initiating apical membrane endocytosis along the longitudinal tube axis and thereby restricts airway elongation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pinheiro, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsarouhas, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Senti, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arefin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samakovlis, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.02.518820</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Scavenger receptor endocytosis controls apical membrane morphogenesis in the Drosophila airways]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.12.06.519271v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Morphogenesis and development of human telencephalic organoids in the absence and presence of exogenous ECM 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.12.06.519271v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Establishment and maintenance of apical-basal polarity is a fundamental step in brain development, instructing the organization of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and the developing cerebral cortex. Particularly, basally located extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucial for this process. In vitro, epithelial polarization can be achieved via endogenous ECM production, or exogenous ECM supplementation. While neuroepithelial development is recapitulated in cerebral organoids, the effects of different ECM sources in tissue morphogenesis remain unexplored. Here, we show that exposure to exogenous ECM at early neuroepithelial stages causes rapid tissue polarization and complete rearrangement of neuroepithelial architecture within 3 days. In unexposed cultures, endogenous ECM production by NPCs results in gradual polarity acquisition over an extended time. After the onset of neurogenesis, tissue architecture and neuronal differentiation are largely independent of the initial ECM source. These results advance the knowledge on neuroepithelial biology in vitro, with a focus on mechanisms of exogenously- and endogenously-guided morphogenesis. They demonstrate the self-sustainability of neuroepithelial cultures by endogenous processes, prompting an urgent reassessment of indiscriminate use of exogenous ECM in these model systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Martins-Costa, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sidhaye, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novatchkova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moeseneder, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corsini, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knoblich, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.06.519271</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Morphogenesis and development of human telencephalic organoids in the absence and presence of exogenous ECM]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.12.18.520928v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A hormone-activated mobile RNAi pathway defends plant stem cells from virus infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.12.18.520928v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Stem cells are essential for the development and organ regeneration of multicellular organisms, so their infection by pathogenic viruses must be prevented. Accordingly, mammalian stem cells are highly resistant to viral infection due to dedicated antiviral pathways including RNA interference (RNAi) (1, 2). In plants, a small group of stem cells harbored within the shoot apical meristem (SAM) generates all postembryonic above-ground tissues, including the germline cells. Many viruses do not proliferate in these cells, yet the molecular bases of this exclusion remain only partially understood (3, 4). Here we show that a plant-encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, after activation by the plant hormone salicylic acid, amplifies antiviral RNAi in infected tissues. This provides stem cells with RNA-based virus sequence information, which prevents virus proliferation. Furthermore, we find RNAi to be necessary for stem cell exclusion of several unrelated RNA viruses, despite their ability to efficiently suppress RNAi in the rest of the plant. This work elucidates a molecular pathway of great biological and economic relevance and lays the foundations for our future understanding of the unique systems underlying stem cell immunity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Incarbone, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bradamante, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pruckner, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wegscheider, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rozhon, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutzat, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lendl, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacFarlane, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nodine, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheid, O. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.18.520928</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A hormone-activated mobile RNAi pathway defends plant stem cells from virus infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.12.15.520629v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A pan-cnidarian microRNA is an ancient biogenesis regulator of stinging cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.12.15.520629v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
An ancient evolutionary innovation of a novel cell-type, the stinging cell (cnidocyte), appeared >600 million years ago in the phylum Cnidaria (sea anemones, corals, hydroids, and jellyfish). A complex bursting nano-injector of venom, the cnidocyst, is embedded in cnidocytes and enables cnidarians paralyzing prey and predators, contributing to this phylums evolutionary success. In this work, we show that post-transcriptional regulation by a pan-cnidarian microRNA, miR-2022, is essential for biogenesis of these cells. By manipulation of miR-2022 levels in a transgenic reporter line of cnidocytes in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis, followed by transcriptomics, single-cell data analysis, prey paralysis assays, and cell sorting of transgenic cnidocytes, we reveal that miR-2022 enables cnidocyte biogenesis, while exhibiting a conserved expression domain with its targets in cnidocytes of other cnidarian species. Thus, here we reveal one of natures most ancient microRNA-regulated processes by studying the functional basis for its conservation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fridrich, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salinas-Saavedra, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kozlovski, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Surm, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chrysostomou, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tripathi, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frank, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moran, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.15.520629</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A pan-cnidarian microRNA is an ancient biogenesis regulator of stinging cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.12.16.520129v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CBFA2T3-GLIS2-dependent pediatric acute megakaryoblastic leukemia is driven by GLIS2 and sensitive to Navitoclax 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.12.16.520129v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pediatric acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) is an aggressive, uncurable blood cancer associated with poor therapeutic response and high mortality. We developed CBFA2T3-GLIS2-driven mouse models of AMKL that recapitulate the phenotypic and transcriptional signatures of the human disease. We show that an activating Ras mutation, which occurs in human AMKL, increased the penetrance and decreased the latency of CBF2AT3-GLIS2-driven AMKL. CBFA2T3-GLIS2 and GLIS2 modulate similar transcriptional networks. We uncover the dominant oncogenic properties of GLIS2, which trigger AMKL in cooperation with oncogenic Ras. We find that both CBFA2T3-GLIS2 and GLIS2 alter the expression of numerous BH3-only proteins, causing AMKL cell sensitivity to the BCL-2 inhibitor navitoclax both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting a novel therapeutic option for pediatric patients suffering from CBFA2T3-GLIS2-driven AMKL.

Key pointsGLIS2 cooperates with activated Nras to promote the development of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia.

CBFA2T3-GLIS2 and GLIS2 alter the expression of BCL2 family members rendering AMKL cells sensitive to navitoclax.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Neault, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lebert-Ghali, C.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fournier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Capdevielle, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garfinkle, E. A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Obermayer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cotton, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boulay, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sawchyn, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Assaf, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mercier, F. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delisle, J.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drobetsky, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hulea, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaw, T. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuber, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruber, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melichar, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mallette, F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.16.520129</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CBFA2T3-GLIS2-dependent pediatric acute megakaryoblastic leukemia is driven by GLIS2 and sensitive to Navitoclax]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.01.26.525665v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The molecular clock in long-lived tropical trees is independent of growth rate 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.01.26.525665v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The rates of appearance of new mutations play a central role in evolution. However, mutational processes in natural environments and their relationship with growth rates are largely unknown, particular in tropical ecosystems with high biodiversity. Here, we examined the somatic mutation landscapes of two tropical trees, Shorea laevis (slow-growing) and S. leprosula (fast-growing), in central Borneo, Indonesia. Using newly-constructed genomes, we identified a greater number of somatic mutations in tropical trees than in temperate trees. In both species, we observed a linear increase in the number of somatic mutations with physical distance between branches. However, we found that the rate of somatic mutation accumulation per meter of growth was 3.7-fold higher in S. laevis than in S. leprosula. This difference in the somatic mutation rate was scaled with the slower growth rate of S. laevis compared to S. leprosula, resulting in a constant somatic mutation rate per year between the two species. We also found that somatic mutations are neutral within an individual, but those mutations transmitted to the next generation are subject to purifying selection. These findings suggest that somatic mutations accumulate with absolute time and older trees have a greater contribution towards generating genetic variation.

Significance StatementThe significance of our study lies in the discovery of an absolute time-dependent accumulation of somatic mutations in long-lived tropical trees, independent of growth rate. Through a comparative analysis of somatic mutation landscapes in slow- and fast-growing species, we observed a clock-like accumulation of somatic mutations in both species, regardless of their growth rates. Although the majority of somatic mutations were restricted to a single branch, we also identified mutations present in multiple branches, likely transmitted during growth. Our findings suggest that older trees make a greater contribution towards generating genetic variation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Imai, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fujino, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomimoto, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ohta, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Na'iem, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Indrioko, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Widiyatno,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Purnomo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morales, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizhynska, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tani, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suyama, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sasaki, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kasahara, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satake, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.26.525665</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The molecular clock in long-lived tropical trees is independent of growth rate]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.01.24.525378v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mast cell-derived BH4 is a critical mediator of postoperative pain 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.01.24.525378v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Postoperative pain affects most patients after major surgery and can transition to chronic pain. Here, we discovered that postoperative pain hypersensitivity correlated with markedly increased local levels of the metabolite BH4. Gene transcription and reporter mouse analyses after skin injury identified neutrophils, macrophages and mast cells as primary postoperative sources of GTP cyclohydrolase-1 (Gch1) expression, the rate-limiting enzyme in BH4 production. While specific Gch1 deficiency in neutrophils or macrophages had no effect, mice deficient in mast cells or mast cell-specific Gch1 showed drastically decreased postoperative pain after surgery. Skin injury induced the nociceptive neuropeptide substance P, which directly triggers the release of BH4-dependent serotonin in mouse and human mast cells. Substance P receptor blockade substantially ameliorated postoperative pain. Our findings underline the unique position of mast cells at the neuro-immune interface and highlight substance P-driven mast cell BH4 production as promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of postoperative pain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Starkl, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jonsson, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Artner, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turnes, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serhan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oliveira, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gail, L.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stejskal, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Channon, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kocher, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stary, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klang, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaudenzio, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knapp, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woolf, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penninger, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cronin, S. J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.24.525378</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mast cell-derived BH4 is a critical mediator of postoperative pain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.09.527713v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A versatile CRISPR-based system for lineage tracing in living plants 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.09.527713v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Individual cells give rise to diverse cell lineages during the development of multicellular organisms. Understanding the contribution of these lineages to mature organisms is a central question of developmental biology. Several techniques to document cell lineages have been used, from marking single cells with mutations that express a visible marker to generating molecular bar codes by CRISPR-induced mutations and subsequent single-cell analysis. Here, we exploit the mutagenic activity of CRISPR to allow lineage tracing within living plants. Cas9-induced mutations are directed to correct a frameshift mutation that restores expression of a nuclear fluorescent protein, labelling the initial cell and all progenitor cells with a strong signal without modifying other phenotypes of the plants. Spatial and temporal control of Cas9 activity can be achieved using tissue-specific and/or inducible promoters. We provide proof of principle for the function of lineage tracing in two model plants. The conserved features of the components and the versatile cloning system, allowing for easy exchange of promoters, are expected to make the system widely applicable.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBy targeting Cas9 in a tissue- and time-specific way to correct a frameshift mutation, resulting in fluorescence labelling of nuclei, we generated a method for in vivo visual lineage tracing in two model plants. The versatile cloning system makes the system widely applicable in other plants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dona, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bradamante, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bogojevic, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutzat, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Streubel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mosiolek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dolan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mittelsten Scheid, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.09.527713</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A versatile CRISPR-based system for lineage tracing in living plants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.01.31.526419v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The junctions connecting the endoplasmic reticulum to the nuclear envelope are constricted and remodelled during the cell cycle 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.01.31.526419v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is physically connected to the nucleus by junctions with the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope (NE). The ER-NE junctions are essential for supplying the NE with lipids and proteins synthesized in the ER. However, little is known about the structure of these ER-NE junctions. Here, we systematically studied the ultrastructure of ER-NE junctions in cryo-fixed mammalian cells staged in anaphase, telophase, and interphase by correlating live cell imaging with three-dimensional electron microscopy. Strikingly, our results revealed that ER-NE junctions in interphase cells have a pronounced hourglass shape with a constricted neck of 7-20 nm width. This morphology is significantly distinct from that of junctions among the ER, and it emerges as early as telophase. The highly constricted ER-NE junctions are seen in several mammalian cell types, but not in budding yeast. We speculate that the unique and highly-constricted ER-NE junctions are regulated via novel mechanisms that contribute to ER-to-NE lipid and protein traffic in higher eukaryotes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bragulat-Teixidor, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ishihara, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szucs, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Otsuka, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.31.526419</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The junctions connecting the endoplasmic reticulum to the nuclear envelope are constricted and remodelled during the cell cycle]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.01.526449v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interplay between PLEKHG3-regulated actin dynamics and lysosomal trafficking in cell motility 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.01.526449v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lysosomes are highly dynamic organelles that regulate metabolic signaling pathways by recruiting cytosolic molecules to protein platforms on the lysosomal membrane. We performed a proximity-dependent labeling screen to identify novel proteins recruited to the LAMTOR complex, which regulates lysosome positioning and key signaling pathways such as mTORC1, AMPK, and MEK/ERK. We identified a network of proteins involved in actin remodelling, including Pleckstrin homology domain-containing family G member 3 (PLEKHG3), an actin-binding Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor enriched in protrusions. We show that GFP-PLEKHG3 accumulates in focal adhesion sites, where it colocalizes with peripheral lysosomes. Peripheral accumulation of lysosomes concentrates PLEKHG3 below the plasma membrane, inhibits protrusion formation and limits cell motility. Thus, subcellular positioning of lysosomes impacts PLEKHG3 subcellular localization and the cells protrusion activity, shape, and motility. The results shed new light on the interplay between lysosomes and actin dynamics and provides insights into the mechanisms controlling cellular processes such as shape regulation and motility of the plasma membrane.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ettelt, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Didusch, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vucak, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riemelmoser, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ehrenreiter, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartl, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huber, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baccarini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.01.526449</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interplay between PLEKHG3-regulated actin dynamics and lysosomal trafficking in cell motility]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.01.526631v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Short structural variation fuelled CAM evolution within an explosive bromeliad radiation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.01.526631v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
1.The subgenus Tillandsia (Bromeliaceae) belongs to one of the fastest radiating clades in the plant kingdom and is characterised by the repeated evolution of Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM). Despite its complex genetic basis, this water-conserving trait has evolved independently across many plant families and is regarded as a key innovation trait and driver of ecological diversification in Bromeliaceae. By producing high-quality genome assemblies of a Tillandsia species pair displaying divergent photosynthetic phenotypes, and combining genome-wide investigations of synteny, TE dynamics, sequence evolution, gene family evolution and temporal differential expression, we were able to pinpoint the genomic drivers of CAM evolution in Tillandsia. Several large-scale rearrangements associated with karyotype changes between the two genomes and a highly dynamic TE landscape shaped the genomes of Tillandsia. However, our analyses show that rewiring of photosynthetic metabolism is mainly obtained through regulatory evolution rather than coding sequence evolution, as CAM-related genes are differentially expressed across a 24-hour cycle between the two species, but are no candidates of positive selection. Gene orthology analyses reveal that CAM-related gene families manifesting differential expression underwent accelerated gene family expansion in the constitutive CAM species, further supporting the view of gene family evolution as a driver of CAM evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Groot Crego, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hess, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yardeni, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de la Harpe, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beclin, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cauz-Santos, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saadain, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbara, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Temsch, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiss-Schneeweiss, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barfuss, M. H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Till, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heyduk, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lexer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paun, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leroy, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.01.526631</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Short structural variation fuelled CAM evolution within an explosive bromeliad radiation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.09.527641v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Red2Flpe-SCON: A Versatile, Multicolor Strategy for Generating Mosaic Conditional Knockout Mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.09.527641v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Image-based lineage tracing enables tissue turnover kinetics and lineage potentials of different adult cell populations to be investigated. Previously, we reported a genetic mouse model system, Red2Onco, which ectopically expressed mutated oncogenes together with red fluorescent proteins (RFP). This system enabled the expansion kinetics and neighboring effects of oncogenic clones to be dissected. We now report Red2Flpe-SCON: a new mosaic knockout system that uses multicolor reporters to label both mutant and wild-type cells. We have developed the Red2Flpe mouse line for red clone-specific Flpe expression, as well as the FRT-based SCON (Short Conditional IntrON) method to facilitate tunable conditional mosaic knockouts in mice. We used the Red2Flpe-SCON method to study Sox2 mutant clonal analysis in the esophageal epithelium of adult mice which revealed that the stem cell gene, Sox2, is not essential for adult stem cell maintenance itself, but rather for stem cell proliferation and differentiation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.-H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colozza, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakonyi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teriyapirom, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hallay, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pilat-Carrota, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Theussl, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simons, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koo, B.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.09.527641</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Red2Flpe-SCON: A Versatile, Multicolor Strategy for Generating Mosaic Conditional Knockout Mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.12.528178v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A bench-top dark-root device built with LEGO bricks enables a non-invasive plant root development analysis in soil conditions mirroring nature 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.12.528178v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Roots are the hidden parts of plants, anchoring their above ground counterparts in the soil. They are responsible for water and nutrient uptake, as well as for interacting with biotic and abiotic factors in the soil. The root system architecture (RSA) and its plasticity are crucial for resource acquisition and consequently correlate with plant performance, while being highly dependent on the surrounding environment, such as soil properties and therefore environmental conditions.

Thus, especially for crop plants and regarding agricultural challenges, it is essential to perform molecular and phenotypic analyses of the root system under conditions as near as possible to nature (#asnearaspossibletonature). To prevent root illumination during experimental procedures, which would heavily affect root development, dark-root (D-Root) devices (DRDs) have been developed. In this article, we describe the construction and different applications of a sustainable, affordable, flexible, and easy to assemble open-hardware bench-top LEGO(R) DRD, the DRD-BIBLOX (Brick Black Box).

The DRD-BIBLOX consists of one or more 3D-printed rhizoboxes which can be filled with soil, while still providing root visibility. The rhizoboxes sit in a scaffold of secondhand LEGO(R) bricks, which allows root development in the dark as well as non-invasive root-tracking with an infrared (IR) camera and an IR light emitting diode (LED) cluster.

Proteomic analyses confirmed significant effects of root illumination on barley root and shoot proteome. Additionally, we confirmed the significant effect of root illumination on barley root and shoot phenotypes. Our data therefore reinforces the importance of the application of field conditions in the lab and the value of our novel device, the DRD-BIBLOX.

We further provide a DRD-BIBLOX application spectrum, spanning from investigating a variety of plant species and soil conditions as well as simulating different environmental conditions and stresses, to proteomic and phenotypic analyses, including early root tracking in the dark.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dermendjiev, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schnurer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naegele, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marino, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leister, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thuer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plott, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibl, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.12.528178</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A bench-top dark-root device built with LEGO bricks enables a non-invasive plant root development analysis in soil conditions mirroring nature]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.13.528389v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pairtools: from sequencing data to chromosome contacts 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.13.528389v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The field of 3D genome organization produces large amounts of sequencing data from Hi-C and a rapidly-expanding set of other chromosome conformation protocols (3C+). Massive and heterogeneous 3C+ data require high-performance and flexible processing of sequenced reads into contact pairs. To meet these challenges, we present pairtools - a flexible suite of tools for contact extraction from sequencing data. Pairtools provides modular command-line interface (CLI) tools that can be flexibly chained into data processing pipelines. Pairtools provides both crucial core tools as well as auxiliary tools for building feature-rich 3C+ pipelines, including contact pair manipulation, filtration, and quality control. Benchmarking pairtools against popular 3C+ data pipelines shows advantages of pairtools for high-performance and flexible 3C+ analysis. Finally, pairtools provides protocol-specific tools for multi-way contacts, haplotype-resolved contacts, and single-cell Hi-C. The combination of CLI tools and tight integration with Python data analysis libraries makes pairtools a versatile foundation for a broad range of 3C+ pipelines.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Open2C,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdennur, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fudenberg, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flyamer, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galitsyna, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goloborodko, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imakaev, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venev, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.13.528389</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pairtools: from sequencing data to chromosome contacts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.22.529524v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell-cycle status of male and female gametes during Arabidopsis reproduction 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.22.529524v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fertilization in Arabidopsis thaliana is a highly coordinated process that begins with a pollen tube delivering the two sperm cells into the embryo sac. Each sperm cell can then fertilize either the egg or the central cell to initiate embryo or endosperm development, respectively. The success of this double fertilization process requires a tight cell cycle synchrony between the male and female gametes to allow karyogamy (nuclei fusion). However, the cell cycle status of the male and female gametes during fertilization still remains elusive as DNA quantification and DNA replication assays have given conflicting results1-4. Here, to reconcile these results, we quantified the DNA replication state by DNA sequencing and performed microscopic analyses of fluorescent markers covering all the phases of the cell cycle. We show that male and female gametes in Arabidopsis are both arrested prior to DNA replication at maturity and initiate their DNA replication only during fertilization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Voichek, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hurieva, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michaud, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmücker, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vergara, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desvoyes, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutierrez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizhynska, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaegle, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berger, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nordborg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ingouff, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.22.529524</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell-cycle status of male and female gametes during Arabidopsis reproduction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.24.529891v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Heat stress response and transposon control in plant shoot stem cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.24.529891v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Post-embryonic plant development must be coordinated in response to and with environmental feedback. Development of above-ground organs is orchestrated from stem cells in the center of the shoot apical meristem (SAM). Heat can pose significant stress to plants and induces a rapid heat response, developmental alterations, chromatin decondensation, and activation of transposable elements (TEs). However, most plant heat-stress studies are conducted with whole plants, not resolving cell-type-specific responses. Heat stress consequences in stem cells are of particular significance, as they can potentially influence the next generation. Here we use fluorescent-activated nuclear sorting to isolate and characterize stem cells after heat exposure and after a recovery period in wild type and mutants defective in TE defense and chromatin compaction. Our results indicate that stem cells can suppress the heat response pathways that dominate surrounding somatic cells and maintain their developmental program. Furthermore, mutants defective in DNA methylation recover less efficiently from heat stress and persistently activate heat response factors and heat-inducible TEs. Heat stress also induces epimutations at the level of DNA methylation, and we find hundreds of DNA methylation changes three weeks after stress. Our results underline the importance of disentangling cell type-specific environmental responses for understanding plant development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, V. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mittelsten Scheid, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutzat, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.24.529891</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Heat stress response and transposon control in plant shoot stem cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.14.532599v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Population-level annotation of lncRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana reveals extensive expression and epigenetic variability associated with TE-like silencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.14.532599v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are understudied and underannotated in plants. In mammals, lncRNA loci are nearly as ubiquitous as protein-coding genes, and their expression is highly variable between individuals of the same species. Using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model, we aimed to understand the true scope of lncRNA transcription across plants from different regions and study its natural variation. We used transcriptome deep sequencing datasets spanning hundreds of natural accessions and several developmental stages to create a population-wide annotation of lncRNAs, revealing thousands of previously unannotated lncRNA loci. While lncRNA transcription is ubiquitous in the genome, most loci appear to be actively silenced and their expression is extremely variable between natural accessions. This high expression variability is largely caused by the high variability of repressive chromatin levels at lncRNA loci. High variability was particularly common for intergenic lncRNAs (lincRNAs), where pieces of transposable elements (TEs) present in 50% of these lincRNA loci are associated with increased silencing and variation, and such lncRNAs tend to be targeted by the TE silencing machinery. We create a population-wide lncRNA annotation in A. thaliana and improve our understanding of plant lncRNA genome biology, raising fundamental questions about what causes transcription and silencing across the genome.

One-sentence summarylncRNA loci are plentiful in the A. thaliana genome, but their expression is extremely variable and largely repressed, with TE pieces enriched in intergenic lncRNAs aiding variability and silencing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kornienko, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizhynska, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molla Morales, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pisupati, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nordborg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.14.532599</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Population-level annotation of lncRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana reveals extensive expression and epigenetic variability associated with TE-like silencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.20.533408v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Long non-coding RNAs contribute to DNA damage resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.20.533408v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Efficient repair of DNA lesions is essential for faithful transmission of genetic information between somatic cells and for genome integrity across generations. Plants have multiple, partially redundant and overlapping DNA repair pathways, probably due to the less constricted germline and the inevitable exposure to light including higher energy wavelengths. Many proteins involved in DNA repair and their mode of actions are well described. In contrast, a role for DNA damage-associated RNA components, evident from many other organisms, is less well understood. Here, we have challenged young Arabidopsis thaliana plants with two different types of genotoxic stress and performed de novo assembly and transcriptome analysis. We identified three long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that are lowly or not expressed under regular conditions but up-regulated or induced by DNA damage. To understand their potential role in DNA repair, we generated CRISPR/Cas deletion mutants and found that the absence of the lncRNAs impairs the recovery capacity of the plants from genotoxic stress. The genetic loci are highly conserved among world-wide distributed Arabidopsis accessions and within related species in the Brassicaceae group. Together, these results suggest that the lncRNAs have a conserved function in connection with DNA damage and provide a basis for a mechanistic analysis of their role.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Durut, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kornienko, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lettner, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dona, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nordborg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mittelsten Scheid, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.20.533408</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Long non-coding RNAs contribute to DNA damage resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.24.529854v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Acquired epithelial WNT secretion drives niche independence of developing gastric cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.24.529854v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent studies have shed light on the signaling pathways required for gastric tissue maintenance and how aberrations in these key pathways lead to gastric cancer development. Although it has been shown that the WNT pathway is important for gastric epithelial homeostasis, the identity and source of the responsible canonical WNT ligands remain unknown. Furthermore, it is unclear how gastric cancer acquires WNT niche independence - an important early step in tumorigenesis. Using human and mouse gastric organoids and in vivo mouse models, we found that mesenchymal WNT2B and WNT7B maintain gastric epithelium in homeostasis. Next, mouse genetic studies and single-cell multi-omics analyses revealed that activation of MAPK signaling induces secretion of WNT7B in the epithelium itself. We further confirmed that in human gastric cancer, MAPK pathway activation through HER2 overexpression or copy number gains of WNT2 confers WNT independence. Importantly, the epithelium-intrinsic WNT expression could be therapeutically inhibited. Taken together, our results reveal that normal gastric epithelial turnover relies on WNT ligands secreted by niche mesenchymal cells, while transformation involves acquisition of a WNT secretory phenotype in the epithelium - representing a potential target for therapeutic interventions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Teriyapirom, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merker, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersson-Rolf, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahn, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ada, A.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmaeche, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wetterling, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stegert, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheong, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stange, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koo, B.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.24.529854</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Acquired epithelial WNT secretion drives niche independence of developing gastric cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.07.06.499076v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
mRNA decapping machinery targets LBD3/ASL9 transcripts to allow developmental changes in Arabidopsis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.07.06.499076v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multicellular organisms perceive and transduce multiple cues to optimize development. Key transcription factors drive developmental changes, but RNA processing also contributes to tissue development. Here, we report that multiple decapping deficient mutants share developmental defects in apical hook, primary and lateral root growth. More specifically, LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN 3 (LBD3)/ASYMMETRIC LEAVES 2-LIKE 9 (ASL9) transcripts accumulate in decapping deficient plants and can be found in complexes with decapping components. Accumulation of ASL9 inhibits apical hook, primary root growth and lateral root formation. Interestingly, exogenous auxin application restores lateral roots formation in both ASL9 over-expressors and mRNA decay-deficient mutants. Likewise, mutations in the cytokinin transcription factors type-B ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATORS (B-ARRs) ARR10 and ARR12 restore the developmental defects caused by over-accumulation of capped ASL9 transcript upon ASL9 overexpression. Most importantly, loss-of-function of asl9 partially restores apical hook and lateral root formation in decapping deficient mutants. Thus, the mRNA decay machinery directly targets ASL9 transcripts for decay, possibly to interfere with cytokinin/auxin responses, during development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zuo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roux, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chevalier, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dagdas, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamashino, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hojgaard, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ostergaard, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>petersen, m.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.06.499076</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[mRNA decapping machinery targets LBD3/ASL9 transcripts to allow developmental changes in Arabidopsis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.07.531465v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Development and Application of Home Cage Monitoring in Laboratory Mice and Rats: a Systematic Review 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.07.531465v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Traditionally, in biomedical animal research, laboratory rodents are individually examined in test apparatuses outside their home cages at selected time points. However, the outcome of such tests can be influenced by the novel environment, the time of day, separation from the social group, or the presence of an experimenter. Moreover, valuable information may be missed when the animals are only monitored in short periods. These issues can be overcome by longitudinal monitoring mice and rats in their home cages. To shed light on the development of home cage monitoring (HCM) and the current state of the art, a systematic review was carried out on 521 publications retrieved through PubMed and Web of Science. Both the absolute ([~] x26) and relative ([~] x7) number of HCM-related publications increased from 1974 to 2020. In both mice and rats, there was a clear bias towards males and individually housed animals, but during the past decade (2011-2020), an increasing number of studies used both sexes and group housing. More than 70 % of the studies did not involve a disease model, but the percentage of studies using disease models increased since the 2000s. In most studies, animals were kept for short (up to 4 weeks) length periods in the HCM systems; intermediate length periods (4-12 weeks) increased in frequency in the years between 2011 and 2020. Before the 2000s, HCM techniques were predominantly applied for less than 12 hours, while 24-hour measurements have been more frequently since the 2000s. The systematic review demonstrated that manual monitoring is decreasing but still relevant. Until (and including) the 1990s, most techniques were applied manually but have been progressively replaced by automation since the 2000s. Independent of the publication year, the main behavioral parameters measured were locomotor activity, feeding, and social behaviors; the main physiological parameters were heart rate and electrocardiography. External appearance-related parameters were rarely examined in the home cages. Due to technological progress and application of artificial intelligence, more refined and detailed behavioral parameters could be investigated in the home cage in recent times.

Over the period covered in this study, techniques for HCM of mice and rats has improved considerably. This development is ongoing and further progress and validation of HCM systems will extend the applications to allow for continuous, longitudinal, non-invasive monitoring of an increasing range of parameters in group-housed small rodents in their home cages.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kahnau, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mieske, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilzopolski, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalliokoski, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mandillo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hölter, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voikar, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amfim, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Badurek, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartelik, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caruso, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cater, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ey, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golini, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaap, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hrncic, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiryk, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loncarevic-Vasiljkovic, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meziane, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Radzeviciene, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivalan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scattoni, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torquet, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trifkovic, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ulfhake, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thöne-Reineke, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diederich, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewejohann, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hohlbaum, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.07.531465</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Development and Application of Home Cage Monitoring in Laboratory Mice and Rats: a Systematic Review]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.10.532084v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Drug Repurposing Encyclopedia (DRE): a web server for systematic drug repurposing across 20 organisms 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.10.532084v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The identification of new therapeutic uses for compounds via computational or experimental approaches, which is widely known as drug repurposing, has the potential to develop novel therapies with pre-existing medicines, thereby reducing the time and costs associated with drug development. Today, several data-driven methodologies have been developed leading to databases that facilitate drug repurposing initiatives. However, no approach has systematically compared drug transcriptional profiles to those from a wide spectrum of human diseases or molecular pathways. Here, we present the Drug Repurposing Encyclopedia (DRE, https://www.drugrep.org), an interactive web server covering over 198M significant drug-signature associations across 20 organisms to allow users to carry out drug-repositioning analyses. DRE consists of 12 modules covering real-time drug-repurposing for user-provided transcriptional signatures; gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) for all available drug transcriptomics profiles; as well as similarity analyses for provided gene sets across all database signatures. Collectively, DRE provides a one-stop comprehensive solution to help scientists interested in drug-repurposing studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez-Burgos, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huhn, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez-Capetillo, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.10.532084</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Drug Repurposing Encyclopedia (DRE): a web server for systematic drug repurposing across 20 organisms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.13.532402v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GSE1 links the HDAC1/CoREST co-repressor complex to DNA damage 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.13.532402v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Post-translational modifications of histones are important regulators of the DNA damage response (DDR). By using affinity purification mass spectrometry (AP-MS) we discovered that genetic suppressor element 1 (GSE1) forms a complex with the HDAC1/CoREST deacetylase/demethylase co-repressor complex. In-depth phosphorylome analysis revealed that loss of GSE1 results in impaired DDR, ATR signalling and {gamma}H2AX formation upon DNA damage induction. Altered profiles of ATR target serine-glutamine motifs (SQ) on DDR-related hallmark proteins point to a defect in DNA damage sensing. In addition, GSE1 knock-out cells showed hampered DNA damage-induced phosphorylation on SQ motifs of regulators of histone post-translational modifications, suggesting altered histone modification. While loss of GSE1 does not affect the histone deacetylation activity of CoREST, GSE1 appears to be essential for binding of the deubiquitinase USP22 to CoREST and for the deubiquitination of H2B K120 in response to DNA damage. The combination of deacetylase, demethylase, and deubiquitinase activity makes the USP22-GSE1-CoREST subcomplex a multi enzymatic eraser that seems to play an important role during DDR. Since GSE1 has been previously associated with cancer progression and survival our findings are potentially of high medical relevance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vcelkova, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reiter, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zylka, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hollenstein, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schuckert, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartl, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seiser, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.13.532402</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GSE1 links the HDAC1/CoREST co-repressor complex to DNA damage]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.04.06.535761v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanistic basis for oxidative stress protection of the human tRNA ligase complex by the oxidoreductase PYROXD1 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.04.06.535761v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RTCB is the catalytic subunit of the metazoan tRNA ligase complex (tRNA-LC) that plays essential roles in tRNA biogenesis and unfolded protein response. The catalytic center of RTCB contains a conserved cysteine that is susceptible to metal ion-induced oxidative inactivation. The flavin-containing oxidoreductase PYROXD1 preserves the activity of mammalian tRNA-LC in a NAD(P)H-dependent manner, but its protective mechanism remains elusive. Here we report a cryo-EM structure of human RTCB in complex with PYROXD1, revealing that PYROXD1 directly interacts with the catalytic center of RTCB through its C-terminal tail. NAD(P)H binding and FAD reduction allosterically control PYROXD1 activity and RTCB recruitment and PYROXD1, while PYROXD1 reoxidation enables timed release of RTCB. PYROXD1 interaction is mutually exclusive with Archease-mediated RTCB guanylylation, and guanylylated RTCB is intrinsically protected from oxidative inactivation. Together, these findings provide a mechanistic framework for the protective function of PYROXD1 that maintains the activity of tRNA-LC under aerobic conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Loeff, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kroupova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asanovic, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boneberg, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pfleiderer, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferdigg, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ackle, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jinek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.06.535761</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanistic basis for oxidative stress protection of the human tRNA ligase complex by the oxidoreductase PYROXD1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/719922v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TIS7 and SKMc15 Regulate Adipocyte Differentiation and Intestinal Lipid Absorption 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/719922v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Delta-like homolog 1 (DLK1), an inhibitor of adipogenesis, controls the cell fate of adipocyte progenitors. Here we identify two independent regulatory mechanisms, transcriptional and translational, by which TIS7 (IFRD1) and its orthologue SKMc15 (IFRD2) regulate DLK1 levels. Mice deficient in both TIS7 and SKMc15 (dKO) had severely reduced adipose tissue and were resistant to high fat diet-induced obesity. Wnt signaling, a negative regulator of adipocyte differentiation was significantly up regulated in dKO mice. Elevated levels of the Wnt/{beta}-catenin target protein Dlk-1 inhibited the expression of adipogenesis regulators PPAR{gamma} and C/EBP, and fatty acid transporter CD36. Although both, TIS7 and SKMc15, contributed to this phenotype, they utilized two different mechanisms. TIS7 acted by controlling Wnt signaling and thereby transcriptional regulation of Dlk-1. On the other hand, here we provide distinctive experimental evidence that SKMc15 acts as a general translational inhibitor significantly affecting DLK-1 protein levels. Our study provides data describing novel mechanisms of DLK1 regulation in adipocyte differentiation involving TIS7 and SKMc15.

SYNOPSIS

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=184 SRC="FIGDIR/small/719922v3_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (47K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@77d89corg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@2e0ad4org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@c923fdorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@159d117_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG This study uncovered that IFRD1 (TIS7) and its orthologue IFRD2 (SKMc15) are two essential regulators of adipogenesis. These proteins are highly similar on the sequence level, yet they regulate adipocyte differentiation using different but complementary mechanisms. Our main findings are: O_LIIFRD1 (TIS7) and IFRD2 (SKMc15) knockout mice are resistant against diet-induced obesity
C_LIO_LIIFRD1 (TIS7) and IFRD2 (SKMc15) are critical for proper nutritional fat uptake and adipogenesis
C_LIO_LIIFRD1 (TIS7) controls adipogenesis via Wnt/{beta}-catenin-dependent transcriptional regulation of adipocyte-specific genes
C_LIO_LIIFRD2 (SKMc15) regulates adipocyte-specific genes acting as a novel general translational inhibitor
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vietor, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cikes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piironen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gstir, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tancevski, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eller, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demetz, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hess, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuhn, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Degenhart, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rainer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rozman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klingenspor, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hrabe de Angelis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valovka, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huber, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/719922</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TIS7 and SKMc15 Regulate Adipocyte Differentiation and Intestinal Lipid Absorption]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.31.535086v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RIF1 regulates replication origin activity and early replication timing in B cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.31.535086v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mammalian DNA replication timing (RT) program is crucial for the proper functioning and integrity of the genome. The best-known mechanism for controlling RT is the suppression of late origins of replication in heterochromatin by RIF1. Here, we report that in antigen-activated B lymphocytes, RIF1 binds predominantly to early-replicating active chromatin, regulates early origin firing and promotes early replication. RIF1 has a minor role in gene expression and genome organization in B cells. Furthermore, we find that RIF1 functions in a complementary and non-epistatic manner with minichromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins to establish early RT signatures genome-wide and, specifically, to ensure the early replication of highly transcribed genes. These findings reveal new layers of regulation within the B cell RT program, driven by the coordinated activity of RIF1 and MCM proteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Malzl, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peycheva, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahjouei, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gnan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klein, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nazarova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schoeberl, U. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buonomo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Virgilio, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neumann, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pavri, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.31.535086</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RIF1 regulates replication origin activity and early replication timing in B cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.04.14.536700v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeting the catalytic activity of HDAC1 in T cells protects against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.04.14.536700v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Histone deacetylases are key epigenetic regulators that control T cell-mediated immunity. A T cell-specific deletion of Hdac1 (HDAC1cKO) protects mice against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, it remains elusive whether inhibition of HDAC1 enzymatic activity, which could be achieved therapeutically by HDAC1 inhibitor treatment, is sufficient to block EAE induction. In order to address this question, we generated a novel mouse strain that expresses catalytically inactive HDAC1 (HDAC1Off) from the Rosa26 locus in HDAC1cKO CD4+ T cells to mimic selective inhibition of HDAC1 enzymatic activity in vivo. Mice expressing wildtype HDAC1 in HDAC1cKO CD4+ T cells (HDAC1On) were generated as corresponding controls. In contrast to HDAC1On mice, HDAC1Off mice did not develop EAE, and this correlated with diminished leukocyte CNS infiltration. HDAC1Off CD4+ T cells in the CNS displayed a severe reduction of IFN{gamma}, IL-17A and TNF proinflammatory cytokine expression, and in vivo activated HDAC1Off CD4+ T cells downregulated gene sets associated with T cell activation, cytokine expression and cell migration. This indicates impaired effector functions of HDAC1Off CD4+ T cells. Taken together, our study demonstrates that the inhibition of the catalytic activity of HDAC1 in T cells is sufficient to achieve a clinical benefit in EAE disease development. This raises the translational perspective of pharmacological HDAC1 inhibition for treating human T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases.

HighlightsO_LISuccessful generation of a novel mouse model that expresses enzymatic-inactive HDAC1 to mimic HDAC1 inhibitor treatment in vivo.
C_LIO_LIMice expressing enzymatically inactive HDAC1 instead of WT HDAC1 in T cells do not develop EAE and display diminished leukocyte CNS infiltration.
C_LIO_LIIn vivo activated CD4+ T cells expressing enzymatic inactive HDAC1 downregulate pathways important for T cell activation, cytokine expression and cell migration.
C_LIO_LIDemonstrate the proof-of-principle that targeting the enzymatic activity of HDAC1 is a promising treatment strategy for autoimmune diseases.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stolz, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simonovic, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Rubaye, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vcelkova, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moos, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hess, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagelkrueys, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madern, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reiter, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meixner, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bock, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartl, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellmeier, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seiser, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.14.536700</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeting the catalytic activity of HDAC1 in T cells protects against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.04.27.538542v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A high-sensitivity low-nanoflow LC-MS configuration for high-throughput sample-limited proteomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.04.27.538542v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This study demonstrates how optimized liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) conditions combined with a 50 {micro}m internal diameter (I.D.) column operated at 100 nL/min enables high-sensitivity and high-throughput sample-limited proteomics analysis, including single-cell proteomics (SCP). Through systematic parameter evaluation, an optimized method was developed, capable of identifying [~]3,000 protein groups from 250 pg of HeLa protein digest using a 10-min gradient in the direct injection workflow using data-independent acquisition (DIA) from a library-free search method. Further improvements reduced the cycle time from 20 to 14.4 min by employing a trap-and-elute workflow, permitting 100 runs/day with 70% MS utilization. A proof of principle study indicated that ca. 1,700 protein groups were identified from single-cell samples without a library for label-free quantification (LFQ). In conclusion, we demonstrate a high-sensitivity LC-MS/MS configuration that serves the needs for limited sample analysis, permitting 100 runs/day throughout.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zheng, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matzinger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayer, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valenta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mechtler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.27.538542</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A high-sensitivity low-nanoflow LC-MS configuration for high-throughput sample-limited proteomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.04.18.537294v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BrainTACO: An Explorable Multi-Scale Multi-Modal Brain Transcriptomic And Connectivity Data Resource 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.04.18.537294v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AbstractExploring the relationships between genes, brain circuitry, and behaviour is accelerated by the joint analysis of a heterogeneous sets form 3D imaging data, anatomical data, and brain networks at varying scales, res-olutions, and modalities. Hence, generating an integrated view, beyond the individual resources original purpose, requires the fusion of these data to a common space, and a visualization that bridges the gap across scales. However, despite ever expanding datasets, few plat-forms for integration and exploration of this heterogeneous data exist. To this end, we present the BrainTACO (Brain Transcriptomic And Connectivity Data) resource, a selection of heterogeneous, and multi-scale neurobiological data spatially mapped onto a common, hierarchical reference space, combined via a holistic data integration scheme. To access BrainTACO, we extended BrainTrawler, a web-based visual ana-lytics framework for spatial neurobiological data, with comparative visualizations of multiple resources for gene expression dissection of brain networks with an unprecedented coverage. Using this platform, allows to straightforward explore and extract brain data for identifying potential genetic drivers of connectivity in both mice and humans that may contribute to the discovery of dysconnectivity phenotypes. Hence, BrainTACO reduces the need for time-consuming manual data aggregation often required for computational analyses in script based toolboxes, and supports neuroscientists by focusing on leveraging the data instead of preparing it.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ganglberger, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toepfer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kargl, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez-Lallement, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawless, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez-Albert, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haubensak, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buehler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.18.537294</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BrainTACO: An Explorable Multi-Scale Multi-Modal Brain Transcriptomic And Connectivity Data Resource]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.02.18.481017v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Protein compactness and interaction valency define the architecture of a biomolecular condensate across scales 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.02.18.481017v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Non-membrane-bound biomolecular condensates have been proposed to represent an important mode of subcellular organization in diverse biological settings. However, the fundamental principles governing the spatial organization and dynamics of condensates at the atomistic level remain unclear. The S. cerevisiae Lge1 protein is required for histone H2B ubiquitination and its N-terminal intrinsically disordered fragment (Lge11-80) undergoes robust phase separation. This study connects single- and multi-chain all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of Lge11-80 with the in vitro behavior of Lge11-80 condensates. Analysis of modelled protein-protein interactions elucidates the key determinants of Lge11-80 condensate formation and links configurational entropy, valency and compactness of proteins inside the condensates. A newly derived analytical formalism, related to colloid fractal cluster formation, describes condensate architecture across length scales as a function of protein valency and compactness. In particular, the formalism provides an atomistically resolved model of Lge11-80 condensates on the scale of hundreds of nanometers starting from individual protein conformers captured in simulations. The simulation-derived fractal dimensions of condensates of Lge11-80 and its mutants agree with their in vitro morphologies. The presented framework enables a multiscale description of biomolecular condensates and embeds their study in a wider context of colloid self-organization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Polyansky, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallego, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Efremov, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koehler, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zagrovic, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.18.481017</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Protein compactness and interaction valency define the architecture of a biomolecular condensate across scales]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.05.09.539914v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Simultaneous enhancement of multiple functional properties using evolution-informed protein design 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.05.09.539914v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Designing optimized proteins is important for a range of practical applications. Protein design is a rapidly developing field that would benefit from approaches that enable many changes in the amino acid primary sequence, rather than a small number of mutations, while maintaining structure and enhancing function. Homologous protein sequences contain extensive information about various protein properties and activities that have emerged over billions of years of evolution. Evolutionary models of sequence co-variation, derived from a set of homologous sequences, have proven effective in a range of applications including structure determination and mutation effect prediction. In this work we apply one of these models (EVcouplings) to computationally design highly divergent variants of the model protein TEM-1 {beta}-lactamase, and characterize these designs experimentally using multiple biochemical and biophysical assays. Nearly all designed variants were functional, including one with 84 mutations from the nearest natural homolog. Surprisingly, all functional designs had large increases in thermostability and most had a broadening of available substrates. These property enhancements occurred while maintaining a nearly identical structure to the wild type enzyme. Collectively, this work demonstrates that evolutionary models of sequence co-variation (1) are able to capture complex epistatic interactions that successfully guide large sequence departures from natural contexts, and (2) can be applied to generate functional diversity useful for many applications in protein design.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fram, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Truebridge, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riesselman, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ingraham, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Passera, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Napier, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thadani, N. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberts, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaur, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stiffler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marks, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bahl, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kahn, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sander, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gauthier, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.09.539914</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Simultaneous enhancement of multiple functional properties using evolution-informed protein design]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.05.09.539956v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pseudorabies virus hijacks DDX3X, initiating an addictive 'mad itch' and immune suppression, to facilitate viral spread. 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.05.09.539956v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Infections with defined Herpesviruses, such as Pseudorabies virus (PRV) and Varicella zoster virus (VZV) can cause neuropathic itch, referred to as "mad itch" in multiple species. The underlying mechanisms involved in neuropathic "mad itch" are poorly understood. Here, we show that PRV infections hijack the RNA helicase DDX3X in sensory neurons to facilitate anterograde transport of the virus along axons. PRV induces re-localization of DDX3X from the cell body to the axons which ultimately leads to death of the infected sensory neurons. Inducible genetic ablation of Ddx3x in sensory neurons results in neuronal death and "mad itch" in mice. This neuropathic "mad itch" is propagated through activation of the opioid system making the animals "addicted to itch". Moreover, we show that PRV co-opts and diverts T cell development in the thymus via a sensory neuron-IL-6-hypothalamus-corticosterone stress pathway. Our data reveal how PRV, through regulation of DDX3X in sensory neurons, travels along axons and triggers neuropathic itch and immune deviations to initiate pathophysiological programs which facilitate its spread to enhance infectivity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cronin, S. J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tejeda, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laval, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cikes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brai, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stadlmann, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novatchikova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perlot, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ali, O. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Botta, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Decker, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lazovic, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagelkruys, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Enquist, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koyuncu, O. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penninger, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.09.539956</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pseudorabies virus hijacks DDX3X, initiating an addictive 'mad itch' and immune suppression, to facilitate viral spread.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.08.531698v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Histone variants shape the chromatin states in Arabidopsis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.08.531698v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
How different intrinsic sequence variation or regulatory modifications of histones regulate nucleosome interactions with transcription remain unclear. By contrast with H3 and H2B variants, H2A variants occupy specific domains of chromatin in Arabidopsis thaliana. Broad domains of chromatin are affected by the loss of remodelers that affect the deposition or the exchange of H2A variants. Notably, the chromatin remodeler DECREASED IN DNA METHYLATION (DDM1) is required to maintain enrichment in all markers of constitutive heterochromatin including DNA methylation, H3K9me1/2 and the variant H2A.W. To test the importance of histone variants in the organization of chromatin we investigated how histone variants and histone modifications assemble in the Arabidopsis thaliana genome and showed that a limited number of chromatin states divide euchromatin and heterochromatin into several subdomains. We found that histone variants are as significant as histone modifications in determining the composition of chromatin states. Particularly strong associations were observed between H2A variants and specific combinations of histone modifications. To study the role of H2A variants in organizing chromatin states we determined the role the chromatin remodeler DECREASED IN DNA METHYLATION (DDM1) in the organization of chromatin states. We showed that the loss of DDM1 prevented the exchange of the histone variant H2A.Z to H2A.W in constitutive heterochromatin, resulting in significant effects on the definition and distribution of chromatin states in and outside of heterochromatin. We thus propose that dynamic exchanges of histone variants control the organization of histone modifications into chromatin states, acting as molecular landmarks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jamge, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorkovic, Z. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Axelsson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osakabe, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shukla, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yelagandula, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akimcheva, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khuen, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berger, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.08.531698</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Histone variants shape the chromatin states in Arabidopsis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.05.17.541143v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Epigenetic reprogramming of imprinting at meiosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.05.17.541143v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In mammals, genomic imprinting results from different sets of epigenetic marks that distinguish the parental origins of loci in the progeny. Epigenetic reprogramming of genomic imprinting is necessary to establish a totipotent cell state. The consecutive erasure of parental epigenetic marks and the deposition of new marks occurs alongside major life stage transitions including gametogenesis and fertilization. However, despite occurring concomitantly with gametogenesis, the role of meiosis in epigenetic reprogramming has received little attention. To address this question, we use the model bryophyte Marchantia polymorpha. Following the haploid reproductive phase of this land plant, the expression of the paternal genome is silenced by the histone modification H3K27me3 in the short-lived diploid embryo. We show that imprinting is erased during meiosis, which occurs separately from gametogenesis and fertilization in Marchantia. The epigenetic reprogramming initiated during meiosis is completed in the meiotic spores where the chromatin landscape of the next haploid generation is established de novo. Hence, our findings illustrate a potential role for meiosis in epigenetic reprogramming that may be generalized to other sexually reproducing species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Montgomery, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berger, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.17.541143</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Epigenetic reprogramming of imprinting at meiosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.05.19.541430v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Co-evolution of functional motifs and H2A.X in the context of DNA damage response identifies the plant Mediator of DNA Damage Checkpoint 1 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.05.19.541430v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Induction of DNA damage triggers rapid phosphorylation of the histone H2A.X ({gamma}H2A.X). In animals, mediator of DNA damage checkpoint 1 (MDC1) binds {gamma}H2A.X through a tandem BRCA1 carboxyl-terminal (tBRCT) domain and mediates recruitment of downstream effectors of DNA damage response (DDR). However, readers of this modification in plants have remained elusive. We report that from Arabidopsis BRCT domain proteome, BCP1-4 proteins with tBRCT domains are involved in DDR. Through its tBRCT domain BCP4 binds {gamma}H2A.X in vitro and localizes to DNA damage-induced foci in an H2A.X dependent manner. BCP4 also contains a domain that interacts directly with NBS1 and thus acts as a functional counterpart of MDC1. We also show that BCP1, that contains two tBRCT domains, co-localizes with {gamma}H2A.X but it does not bind {gamma}H2A.X suggesting functional similarity with human PAXIP1. A phylogenetic analysis supports that PAXIP1 and MDC1 in metazoa and their plant counterparts evolved independently from common ancestors with tBRCT domains. Collectively, our study reveals missing components and provides mechanistic and evolutionary insights into plant DDR.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lorkovic, Z. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klingenbrunner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berger, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.19.541430</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Co-evolution of functional motifs and H2A.X in the context of DNA damage response identifies the plant Mediator of DNA Damage Checkpoint 1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.05.23.541913v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ROP GTPase regulates polarised cell growth and cell division orientation during tissue development and organogenesis in Marchantia polymorpha 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.05.23.541913v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell polarity - broadly defined as the asymmetric distribution of cellular activities and or subcellular components within a cell - determines the geometry of cell growth and division during development. RHO GTPase proteins regulate the establishment of cell polarity and are conserved among eukaryotes. RHO Of Plant (ROP) proteins are a subgroup of RHO GTPases that are required for cellular morphogenesis in plants. However, how ROP proteins modulate the geometry of cell growth and division during the morphogenesis of plant tissues and organs is not well understood. To investigate how ROP proteins function during tissue development and organogenesis, we characterised the function of the single copy ROP gene of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. M. polymorpha develops morphologically complex three-dimensional tissues and organs exemplified by air chambers and gemmae, respectively. Mprop loss of function mutants form defective air chambers and gemmae, indicating ROP function is required for tissue development and organogenesis. During air chamber and gemma development in wild-type, the MpROP protein is enriched to sites of polarised growth at the cell surface and accumulates at the expanding cell plate of dividing cells. Consistent with these observations, polarised cell growth is lost, and cell divisions are misoriented in Mprop mutants. We propose that ROP regulates both polarised cell growth and cell division orientation in a coordinated manner to orchestrate tissue development and organogenesis in land plants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mulvey, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dolan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.23.541913</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ROP GTPase regulates polarised cell growth and cell division orientation during tissue development and organogenesis in Marchantia polymorpha]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.06.12.544640v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tip of the iceberg? Three novel TOPLESS interacting effectors of the gall-inducing fungus Ustilago maydis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.06.12.544640v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
O_LIUstilago maydis is a biotrophic pathogen causing smut disease in maize. It secretes a cocktail of effector proteins during its biotrophic stages in the host plant, which target different host proteins. One such class of proteins we identified previously is TOPLESS (TPL) and TOPLESS RELATED (TPR) transcriptional corepressors.
C_LIO_LIHere we screen 297 U. maydis effector candidates for their ability to interact with maize TPL protein RAMOSA 1 ENHANCER LOCUS 2 Like 2 (RELK2) and their ability to induce auxin signaling and thereby identified three novel TPL /TPR interacting effector proteins (Tip6, Tip7 and Tip8). Two of them, Tip6 and Tip7 contain a classical ethylene-responsive element binding factor-associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) motif and interact with maize TPL protein RELK2 in nuclear compartments, whereas Tip8 lacks known TPL interaction motifs and its overexpression in non-host plant leads to cell death indicating recognition of the effector.
C_LIO_LIBy using structural modeling, we show an interaction of Tip6 and Tip7 with the previously crystallized EAR motif binding domain of RELK2. Furthermore, by infection assays with an octuple deletion mutant of U. maydis, we demonstrate a role of Tips in U. maydis virulence. Our findings suggest the TOPLESS class of corepressors as a major hub of U. maydis effector proteins.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Khan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uhse, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bindics, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kogelmann, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagarajan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ingole, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Djamei, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.12.544640</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tip of the iceberg? Three novel TOPLESS interacting effectors of the gall-inducing fungus Ustilago maydis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.06.06.543864v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ATP binding cassette transporters and uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferases are ancient protein families that evolved roles in herbicide resistance through exaptation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.06.06.543864v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters actively transport various substances across membranes, while uridine diphosphate (UDP) glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are proteins that catalyse the chemical modification of various organic compounds. Both of these protein superfamilies have been associated with conferring herbicide resistance in weeds. Little is known about the evolutionary history of these protein families in the Archaeplastida. To infer the evolutionary histories of these protein superfamilies, we compared protein sequences collected from 10 species which represent distinct lineages of the Archaeplastida - the lineage including glaucophyte algae, rhodophyte algae, chlorophyte algae and the streptophytes - and generated phylogenetic trees. We show that ABC transporters were present in the last common ancestor of the Archaeplastida which lived 1.6 billion years ago, and the major clades identified in extant plants were already present then. Conversely, we only identified UGTs in members of the streptophyte lineage, which suggests a loss of these proteins in earlier diverging Archaeplastida lineages or arrival of UGTs into a common ancestor of the streptophyte lineage through horizontal gene transfer from a non-Archaeplastida eukaryote lineage. We found that within the streptophyte lineage, most diversification of the UGT protein family occurred in the vascular lineage, with 17 of the 20 clades identified in extant plants present only in vascular plants. Based on our findings, we conclude that ABC transporters and UGTs are ancient protein families which diversified during Archaeplastida evolution, which may have evolved to for developmental functions as plants began to occupy new environmental niches and are now being selected to confer resistance to a diverse range of herbicides in weeds.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Caygill, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dolan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.06.543864</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ATP binding cassette transporters and uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferases are ancient protein families that evolved roles in herbicide resistance through exaptation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.05.21.492925v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Somatic hypermutation spectra are independent of the local transcriptional and epigenetic landscape 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.05.21.492925v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Somatic hypermutation (SHM) of immunoglobulin variable (V) regions modulates antibody-antigen affinity is initiated by activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) on single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). Transcription is essential for SHM and AID target genes harbor activating chromatin marks and RNA polymerase II (Pol II) stalling, leading to the model that these features favor higher rates of mutagenesis. However, whether such relationships exist within V regions is undetermined. Here, we directly compared SHM and nascent transcription across four V regions and 275 non-immunoglobulin SHM targets at single-nucleotide resolution using precision run-on sequencing (PRO-seq). Although locales of Pol II enrichment and zones of Pol II stalling were detected within V regions, their correlation with SHM was not statistically significant. Moreover, SHM was robust against major reductions of activating epigenetic marks and transcription. This data suggests that SHM patterns and spectra are established independently of specific local nascent transcriptional features.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schoeberl, U. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fitz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Froussios, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valieris, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makharova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ourailidis, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bauer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neumann, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiedemann, E.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steininger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mastrovito, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mouquet, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pavri, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.21.492925</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Somatic hypermutation spectra are independent of the local transcriptional and epigenetic landscape]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.05.24.542066v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolutionary conservation of embryonic DNA methylome remodelling in distantly related teleost species 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.05.24.542066v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Methylation of cytosines in the CG context (mCG) is the most abundant DNA modification in vertebrates that plays crucial roles in cellular differentiation and identity. After fertilization, DNA methylation patterns inherited from parental gametes are remodelled into a state compatible with embryogenesis. In mammals, this is achieved through the global erasure and re-establishment of DNA methylation patterns. However, in non-mammalian vertebrates like zebrafish, no global erasure has been observed. To investigate the evolutionary conservation and divergence of DNA methylation remodelling in teleosts, we generated base resolution DNA methylome datasets of developing medaka and medaka-zebrafish hybrid embryos. In contrast to previous reports, we show that medaka display comparable DNA methylome dynamics to zebrafish with high gametic mCG levels (sperm: [~]90%; egg: [~]75%), and adoption of a paternal-like methylome during early embryogenesis, with no signs of prior DNA methylation erasure. We also demonstrate that non-canonical DNA methylation (mCH) reprogramming at TGCT tandem repeats is a conserved feature of teleost embryogenesis. Lastly, we find remarkable evolutionary conservation of DNA methylation remodelling patterns in medaka-zebrafish hybrids, indicative of compatible DNA methylation maintenance machinery in far-related teleost species. Overall, these results suggest strong evolutionary conservation of DNA methylation remodelling pathways in teleosts, which is distinct from the global DNA methylome erasure and reestablishment observed in mammals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ross, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vazquez-Marin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gert, K. R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez-Rajal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dinger, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pauli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez-Morales, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bogdanovic, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.24.542066</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolutionary conservation of embryonic DNA methylome remodelling in distantly related teleost species]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.05.26.542437v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Thioredoxin regulates the redox state and the activity of the human tRNA ligase complex 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.05.26.542437v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mammalian tRNA ligase complex (tRNA-LC) catalyzes the splicing of intron-containing pre-tRNAs in the nucleus and the splicing of XBP1 mRNA during the unfolded protein response (UPR) in the cytoplasm. We recently reported that the tRNA-LC co-evolved with PYROXD1, an essential oxidoreductase that protects the catalytic cysteine of RTCB, the catalytic subunit of the tRNA-LC, against aerobic oxidation. In this study we show that the oxidoreductase Thioredoxin (TRX) preserves the enzymatic activity of RTCB under otherwise inhibiting concentrations of oxidants. TRX physically interacts with oxidized RTCB, and reduces and re-activates RTCB through the action of its redox-active cysteine pair. We further show that TRX interacts with RTCB at late stages of UPR. Since the interaction requires oxidative conditions, our findings suggest that prolonged UPR generates reactive oxygen species. Thus, our results support a functional role for TRX in securing and repairing the active site of the tRNA-LC, thereby allowing pre-tRNA splicing and UPR to occur when cells encounter mild, but still inhibitory levels of reactive oxygen species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jaksch, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irnstorfer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalman, P.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.26.542437</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Thioredoxin regulates the redox state and the activity of the human tRNA ligase complex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.05.28.541924v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural evidence for elastic tethers connecting separating chromosomes in crane-fly spermatocytes 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.05.28.541924v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Different types of anaphase bridges have been reported to form between segregating chromosomes during cell division. Previous studies using laser microsurgery suggested that elastic tethers connect the telomeres of separating anaphase chromosomes in many animal meiotic and mitotic cells. However, structural evidence is lacking for their existence. In this study, we correlated live imaging with electron tomography of crane-fly primary spermatocytes to examine whether visible structures connect separating telomeres in meiosis I. We found structures extending between separating telomeres in all stages of anaphase, from very early anaphase to late anaphase. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that the structures consist of two components: one is darkly stained, looking somewhat like chromatin, whereas the other is more lightly stained, appearing filamentous with internal thinner filaments. While in early anaphase both structures extend between telomeres, in later anaphase the darker structure extends shorter distances from the telomeres but the lighter structure still extends between the separating telomeres. From these observations, we deduced that these structures represent the  tethers inferred from the laser-cutting experiments in crane-fly spermatocytes. Since the presence of elastic tethers are suggested in a variety of animal cells, they probably are present during anaphase in all animal cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Forer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Otsuka, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.28.541924</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural evidence for elastic tethers connecting separating chromosomes in crane-fly spermatocytes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.05.29.541316v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Delay of human early development via in vitro diapause 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.05.29.541316v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many mammals can control the timing of gestation and birth by pausing embryonic development at the blastocyst stage. It is unknown whether the capacity to pause development is conserved, in general across mammals, and more specifically in humans. Activity of the growth regulating mTOR pathway governs developmental pausing in the mouse (1). Here we show a stage-specific capacity to delay the progression of human development via mTOR inhibition. In this context, human blastoids and pluripotent stem cells in naive and naive-like, but not primed, states can be induced to enter a dormant state, which is reversible at the functional and molecular level. Comparative analysis of mouse and human naive cells longitudinal response to mTORi revealed distinct temporal dynamics and metabolic requirements of dormancy in each species. Mouse and human blastocysts show similar tissue-specific patterns of mTOR pathway activity, suggesting that the mTOR pathway may be a conserved regulator of blastocyst development and timing in both species. Our results raise the possibility that the developmental timing of the human embryo may be controllable, with implications for reproductive therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bulut-Karslioglu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iyer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Weijden, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heidari Khoei, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCarthy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rayon, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simon, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunkel, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wamaitha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schulz, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niakan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivron, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.29.541316</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Delay of human early development via in vitro diapause]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.06.10.544440v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
eIF4E1b is a non-canonical eIF4E required for maternal mRNA dormancy 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.06.10.544440v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Maternal mRNAs are essential for protein synthesis during oogenesis and early embryogenesis. To adapt translation to specific needs during development, maternal mRNAs are translationally repressed by shortening the polyA tails. While mRNA deadenylation is associated with decapping and degradation in somatic cells, maternal mRNAs with short polyA tails are stable. Here we report an essential role for the germline-specific paralog of the mRNA cap-binding factor eIF4E, known as eIF4E1b, in the storage and repression of maternal mRNAs with short polyA tails. eIF4E1b binds to the mRNA cap and is targeted to ribonucleoprotein complexes through its direct interaction with eIF4ENIF1/4E-T. In early embryos, eIF4E1b binds to a specific set of translationally repressed mRNAs with short or no polyA tails, such as histone mRNAs, which are translated later on during embryogenesis. Consistent with an important role in maternal mRNA dormancy, mutation of eIF4E1b in zebrafish impairs female germline development. Understanding the mechanism and function of eIF4E1B provides new insights into fundamental post-transcriptional regulatory principles governing early vertebrate development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lorenzo-Orts, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strobl, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinmetz, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leesch, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pribitzer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schutzbier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duernberger, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pauli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.10.544440</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[eIF4E1b is a non-canonical eIF4E required for maternal mRNA dormancy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.30.359448v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sea anemone genomes reveal ancestral metazoan chromosomal macrosynteny 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.30.359448v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Draft genome sequences of non-bilaterian species have provided important insights into the evolution of the metazoan gene repertoire. However, there is little information about the evolution of gene clusters, genome architectures and karyotypes during animal evolution. In this regard, slowly evolving anthozoan Cnidaria, the sister group of Bilateria, are particularly informative. Here we report chromosome-level genome assemblies of two related cnidarians, the sea anemones Nematostella vectensis and Scolanthus callimorphus. We find a robust set of 15 chromosomes with a clear one-to-one correspondence between the two species. Both sea anemone genomes show remarkable chromosomal conservation with other cnidarians, several bilaterians and the sponge Ephydatia muelleri, allowing us to reconstruct ancestral cnidarian and metazoan chromosomal blocks, consisting of at least 19 and 16 ancestral linkage groups, respectively. We show that, in contrast to Bilateria, the Hox and NK clusters of investigated cnidarians are largely disintegrated, despite the presence of staggered hox/gbx expression in Nematostella. This loss of microsynteny conservation may be facilitated by shorter distances between cis-regulatory sequences and their cognate transcriptional start sites. In line with that, we find no clear evidence for topologically associated domains, suggesting fundamental differences in long-range gene regulation compared to vertebrates. These data suggest that large sets of ancestral metazoan genes have been retained in ancestral linkage groups of some extant lineages, yet, higher order gene regulation with associated 3D architecture may have evolved only after the cnidarian-bilaterian split.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zimmermann, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robb, S. M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Genikhovich, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fropf, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weilguny, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lovegrove-Walsh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hill, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ragkousi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Praher, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fredman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moran, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibson, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Technau, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.30.359448</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sea anemone genomes reveal ancestral metazoan chromosomal macrosynteny]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.06.14.544560v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
AI-guided pipeline for protein-protein interaction drug discovery identifies a SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.06.14.544560v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) offer great opportunities to expand the druggable proteome and therapeutically tackle various diseases, but remain challenging targets for drug discovery. Here, we provide a comprehensive pipeline that combines experimental and computational tools to identify and validate PPI targets and perform early-stage drug discovery. We have developed a machine learning approach that prioritizes interactions by analyzing quantitative data from binary PPI assays and AlphaFold-Multimer predictions. Using the quantitative assay LuTHy together with our machine learning algorithm, we identified high-confidence interactions among SARS-CoV-2 proteins for which we predicted three-dimensional structures using AlphaFold Multimer. We employed VirtualFlow to target the contact interface of the NSP10-NSP16 SARS-CoV-2 methyltransferase complex by ultra-large virtual drug screening. Thereby, we identified a compound that binds to NSP10 and inhibits its interaction with NSP16, while also disrupting the methyltransferase activity of the complex, and SARS-CoV-2 replication. Overall, this pipeline will help to prioritize PPI targets to accelerate the discovery of early-stage drug candidates targeting protein complexes and pathways.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Trepte, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Secker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kostova, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maseko, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blavier, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minia, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva Ramos, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cassonnet, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golusik, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zenkner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beetz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liebich, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scharek, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schuetz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sperling, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lisurek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spirohn, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calderwood, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hill, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landthaler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olivet, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Twizere, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vidal, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wanker, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.14.544560</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[AI-guided pipeline for protein-protein interaction drug discovery identifies a SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.10.21.513199v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The chromatin landscape of bryophytes 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.10.21.513199v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundIn animals and flowering plants specific chromatin modifications define three chromosomal domains: euchromatin comprising transcribed genes, facultative heterochromatin comprising repressed genes, and constitutive heterochromatin comprising transposons. However, recent studies have shown that the correlation between chromatin modifications and transcription vary among different eukaryotic organisms including mosses and liverworts that differ from one another. Mosses and liverworts diverged from hornworts, altogether forming the lineage of bryophytes that shared a common ancestor with all land plants. We aimed to obtain chromatin landscapes in hornworts to establish synapomorphies across bryophytes.

ResultsWe mapped the chromatin landscape of the model hornwort Anthoceros agrestis. By comparing chromatin landscapes across bryophytes we defined the common chromatin landscape of the ancestor of extant bryophytes. In this group, constitutive heterochromatin was characterized by a scattered distribution across autosomes, which contrasted with the dense compartments of heterochromatin surrounding the centromeres in flowering plants. Topologically associated domains were primarily occupied by transposons with genes at their boundaries and nearly half of the hornwort transposons were associated with facultative heterochromatin and euchromatin.

ConclusionsMost of the features observed in hornworts are also present in liverworts but are distinct from flowering plants. Hence, the ancestral genome of bryophytes was likely a patchwork of units of euchromatin interspersed within facultative and constitutive heterochromatin and each unit contained both transposons and genes sharing the same chromatin state. We propose this genome organization was ancestral to land plants and prevented transposons from being segregated as constitutive heterochromatin around point centromeres as in flowering plants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hisanaga, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Axelsson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akimcheva, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dolan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berger, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.21.513199</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The chromatin landscape of bryophytes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.03.547386v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A RabGAP-Rab GTPase pair regulates plant autophagy and immunity 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.03.547386v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plants rely on autophagy and membrane trafficking to tolerate stress, combat infections, and maintain cellular homeostasis. However, the molecular interplay between autophagy and membrane trafficking is poorly understood. Using an AI-assisted approach, we identified Rab3GAP-like (Rab3GAPL) as an important membrane trafficking node that controls plant autophagy negatively. Rab3GAPL suppresses autophagy by binding to ATG8, the core autophagy adaptor, and deactivating Rab8a, a small GTPase essential for autophagosome formation and defense-related secretion. Rab3GAPL from Nicotiana benthamiana, but not its mutated form deficient in ATG8 binding, reduced autophagic flux in N. benthamiana and Arabidopsis. Furthermore, Rab3GAPL-knockout mutants of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha exhibited enhanced autophagic flux under both normal and heat stress conditions, suggesting that Rab3GAPLs negative regulatory role in autophagy is conserved in land plants. Beyond autophagy regulation, Rab3GAPL modulates focal immunity against the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans by preventing defense-related secretion. Altogether, our results suggest that Rab3GAPL acts as a molecular rheostat to coordinate autophagic flux and defense-related secretion by restraining Rab8a-mediated trafficking. This unprecedented interplay between a RabGAP-Rab pair and ATG8 sheds new light on the intricate membrane transport mechanisms underlying plant autophagy and immunity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yuen, E. L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leary, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clavel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tumtas, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohseni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Picchianti, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jamshidiha, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pandey, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duggan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cota, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dagdas, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bozkurt, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.03.547386</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A RabGAP-Rab GTPase pair regulates plant autophagy and immunity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.10.548306v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular and structural basis of the heterochromatin-specific chromatin remodeling activity by Arabidopsis DDM1 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.10.548306v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The chromatin remodeler DECREASE IN DNA METHYLATION 1 (DDM1) deposits the histone H2A variant H2A.W and silences transposons in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, the molecular mechanisms by which DDM1 specifically targets the nucleosome containing H2A.W and allows chromatin writers to access heterochromatin remained elusive. Here, we show that DDM1 promotes remodeling of the H2A.W nucleosome and requires interactions with the H2A.W-specific C-terminal tail. The cryo-EM structure of the DDM1-H2A.W nucleosome complex revealed that DDM1 binds to the N-terminal tail of H4 and the nucleosomal DNA. Comparison with the cryo-EM structure of the nucleosome containing H2A.W suggested that DDM1 increases the DNA end flexibility of nucleosomes. Based on these biochemical and structural results, we propose that the chromatin remodeling activity of DDM1 with the heterochromatin-specific H2A.W contributes to the maintenance of repressive epigenetic marks in heterochromatin by providing DNA methyltransferases with access to nucleosomal DNA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Osakabe, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takizawa, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horikoshi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hatazawa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Negishi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berger, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kakutani, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurumizaka, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.10.548306</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular and structural basis of the heterochromatin-specific chromatin remodeling activity by Arabidopsis DDM1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.06.25.546258v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Clonal neural tube organoids self-organise floorplate through BMP-mediated cluster competition 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.06.25.546258v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The neural tube (NT) has been a hallmark example of embryonic induction and patterning whereby the notochord induces an organiser, the floorplate, that secretes Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) to pattern the surrounding field of neural progenitors. On the other hand, NT organoids (NTOs) formed from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) undergo spontaneous floorplate formation and patterning in the absence of their normal embryonic inducers. Understanding how stem cells undergo regulative organiser formation is a central challenge in biology. Here, we investigated the self-organisation of a SHH-expressing floorplate organiser using clonal NTOs. Expression of FOXA2, a floorplate transcription factor, was initially spatially scattered before resolving into multiple clusters. These FOXA2+ clusters underwent competition and physical sorting, resulting in a stable "winning" floorplate. We identified BMP signalling as a key governor of long-range cluster competition. FOXA2+ clusters expressed BMP4 ligand suppressing FOXA2 in receiving cells, while simultaneously expressing the BMP-inhibitor NOGGIN to secure FOXA2+ cluster survival. Genetic mutation of Noggin perturbed the floorplate not only in NTOs but also in vivo at the mid-hindbrain region of the mouse NT. These results demonstrate how the floorplate can form autonomously without its well-known inducer, the notochord, suggesting redundant mechanisms ensuring robustness. Defining molecular pathways that govern organiser self-organisation is critical in harnessing the developmental plasticity of stem cells toward directed tissue engineering.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Krammer, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stuart, H. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gromberg, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ishihara, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melchionda, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Costantini, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lehr, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cislo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arbanas, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoermann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neumueller, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elvassore, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siggia, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Briscoe, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kicheva, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanaka, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.25.546258</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Clonal neural tube organoids self-organise floorplate through BMP-mediated cluster competition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.06.26.546632v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A method for deep and quantitative protein profiling of urine sediment, soluble and exosome fractions for biomarker research 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.06.26.546632v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Urine collection is painless and offers the potential for kidney liquid-biopsy(1), which appears particularly appealing with regard to the diagnosis of kidney disease (2) and patient follow-up after renal transplantation (3). From a nephrological point of view, urinary sediment and the soluble and exosome fractions of urine constitute different biological entities. We here describe a method that allows deep profiling of the protein content of the above-mentioned three fractions of urine by quantitative data-independent label-free proteomics. The method was evaluated using 19 urine samples from the Nephrology outpatient clinic at Vienna General Hospital, comprising a diverse set of chronic kidney disease (CKD) as well as patients after kidney transplantation (NTX). Peptide separation was accomplished through 60 min active gradients. A timsTOF Pro2 mass spectrometer was operated in DIA mode. The total analysis time per urine sample (three fractions) was around four hours. We demonstrate adequate technical and experimental reproducibility. Our data suggest that the protein information content of these three fractions is diverse, strengthening the importance of separate analysis. The depth of our quantitative proteomics approach permitted a detection of proteins characteristic for different parts of the nephron, such as Podocin, CD2-AP and Podocalyxin (Podocytes), SLC22A8 and SLC22A13 (proximal tubule) and Aquaporin-2 (collecting duct), suggesting that our method is sensitive enough to detect and quantify biologically relevant proteins that might serve as potential biomarkers. To the best of our knowledge, the ability to quantify up to 4000 protein groups per urine sample and more than 6000 protein groups in total makes our strategy the deepest proteome profiling study of urine to date. In conclusion, we established a method with promising figures of merit that we consider broadly applicable and useful for future clinical biomarker research studies in urine.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pichler, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurnikowski, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matzinger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mechtler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.26.546632</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A method for deep and quantitative protein profiling of urine sediment, soluble and exosome fractions for biomarker research]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.06.28.546875v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamic control of gene expression by ISGF3 and IRF1 duringIFNbeta and IFNgamma signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.06.28.546875v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Type I interferons (IFN-I, including IFN{beta}) and IFN{gamma} produce overlapping, yet clearly distinct immunological activities. Recent data show that distinctness of global transcriptional responses to the two IFN types is not apparent when comparing their immediate effects. By analyzing nascent transcripts induced by IFN-I or IFN{gamma} over a period of 48hrs we now show that the distinctiveness of the transcriptomes emerges over time and is based on a different employment of the ISGF3 complex as well as the second-tier transcription factor IRF1. The distinct transcriptional properties of ISGF3 and IRF1 correspond with a largely diverse nuclear protein interactome. Mechanistically, we describe specific input of ISGF3 and IRF1 into enhancer activation and the regulation of chromatin accessibility at interferon-induced genes (ISG). We further report differences between the IFN types in altering RNA polymerase II pausing at ISG 5 ends. Our data provide insight how transcriptional regulators create immunological identities of IFN-I and IFN{gamma}.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ravi Sundar Jose Geetha, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smesnik, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vogt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Platanitis, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muller, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farlik, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Decker, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.28.546875</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamic control of gene expression by ISGF3 and IRF1 duringIFNbeta and IFNgamma signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.03.547490v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NOTCH3 signalling controls human trophoblast stem cell expansion and differentiation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.03.547490v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Failures in growth and differentiation of the early human placenta are associated with severe pregnancy disorders such as preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. However, regulatory mechanisms controlling development of its epithelial cells, the trophoblasts, remain poorly elucidated. Using trophoblast stem cells (TSCs), trophoblast organoids (TB-ORGs) and primary cytotrophoblasts (CTBs) of early pregnancy, we herein show that autocrine NOTCH3 signalling controls human placental expansion and differentiation. NOTCH3 receptor was specifically expressed in proliferative CTB progenitors and its active form, the nuclear NOTCH3 intracellular domain (NOTCH3-ICD), interacted with the transcriptional co-activator Mastermind-like 1 (MAML1). Doxycyclin-inducible expression of dominant-negative MAML1 in TSC lines provoked cell fusion and upregulation of genes specific for multinucleated syncytiotrophoblasts, the differentiated hormone-producing cell type of the placenta. However, progenitor expansion and markers of trophoblast stemness and proliferation were suppressed. Accordingly, inhibition of NOTCH3 signalling diminished growth of TB-ORGs whereas overexpression of NOTCH3-ICD in primary CTBs and TSCs showed opposite effects. In conclusion, the data suggest that canonical NOTCH3 signalling plays a key role in human placental development promoting self-renewal of CTB progenitors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dietrich, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Victoria, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lackner, A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meinhardt, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koo, B.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pollheimer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haider, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knoefler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.03.547490</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NOTCH3 signalling controls human trophoblast stem cell expansion and differentiation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.13.548697v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In vivo single-cell CRISPR uncovers distinct TNF-alphaprograms in clonal expansion and tumorigenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.13.548697v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The tumor evolution model posits that malignant transformation is preceded by randomly distributed driver mutations in cancer genes, which cause clonal expansions in phenotypically normal tissues. Although clonal expansions occur frequently in human epithelia and can remodel almost entire tissues, the mechanisms behind why only a small number of clones transform into malignant tumors remain enigmatic. Here, we develop an in vivo single-cell CRISPR strategy to systematically investigate tissue-wide clonal dynamics of the 150 most frequently mutated squamous cell carcinoma genes. We couple ultrasound-guided in utero lentiviral microinjections, single-cell RNA sequencing, guide capture and spatial transcriptomics to longitudinally monitor cell type-specific clonal expansions, document their underlying gene programs and contrast clonal expansions from tumor initiation. We uncover a TNF- signaling module that acts as a generalizable driver of clonal expansions in epithelial tissues. Conversely, during tumorigenesis, the TNF- signaling module is downregulated, and instead, we identify a subpopulation of invasive cancer cells that switch to an autocrine TNF- gene program. By analyzing clonally expanded perturbations and their frequency in tumors, we demonstrate that the autocrine TNF- gene program is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and is preexistent in a subpopulation of expanded epidermal stem cells, contributing to the predisposition for tumor initiation. Finally, we provide in vivo evidence that the epithelial TNF- gene program is sufficient to mediate invasive properties of epidermal stem cells and show that the TNF- signature correlates with shorter overall survival in human squamous cell carcinoma patients. Collectively, our study demonstrates the power of applying in vivo single-cell CRISPR screening to mammalian tissues and unveils distinct TNF- programs in tumor evolution. Understanding the biology of clonal expansions in phenotypically normal epithelia and the mechanisms governing their transformation will guide the development of novel strategies for early cancer detection and therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Renz, P. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghoshdastider, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baghai Sain, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valdivia-Francia, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khandekar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ormiston, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernasconi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kretz, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hyams, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forny, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pohly, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ficht, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellis, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moor, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sendoel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.13.548697</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In vivo single-cell CRISPR uncovers distinct TNF-alphaprograms in clonal expansion and tumorigenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.21.550010v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Autophagy restricts fungal accommodation in the roots ofArabidopsis thaliana 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.21.550010v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Endophytic colonization of Arabidopsis thaliana by the beneficial root endophyte Serendipita indica is characterized by an initial biotrophic phase followed by a restricted host cell death-associated phase. This latter phase involves regulated cell death (RCD) for fungal accommodation. However, the host molecular pathways that limit S. indica colonization and govern symbiosis remain largely unknown. Our study demonstrates that autophagy, a major cellular degradation pathway, is activated during S. indica colonization and is required to restrict fungal colonization in Arabidopsis. Independent Arabidopsis knockout (KO) mutants deficient in autophagosome formation are more susceptible to deoxyadenosine (dAdo), a cell death inducer produced by two secreted S. indica effectors at the onset of the cell death-associated phase. In the atg5 autophagy mutant background, impaired dAdo uptake prevents dAdo-induced and symbiosis-mediated cell death. Based on our data, we propose that autophagy-mediated pro-survival responses in the host are crucial for maintaining a balanced symbiotic interaction between S. indica and Arabidopsis.

In a NutshellOur study reveals that during colonization of Arabidopsis thaliana roots by the beneficial root endophyte Serendipita indica, autophagy, a key cellular degradation pathway, is activated to limit fungal colonization. Autophagy-deficient Arabidopsis mutants are more susceptible to deoxyadenosine (dAdo), a cell death inducer produced by S. indica. We propose that autophagy-mediated pro-survival responses are essential for maintaining a balanced symbiotic interaction between S. indica and Arabidopsis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zecua-Ramirez, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Llamas, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charura, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunken, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Quattro, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mandel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Langen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dagdas, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuccaro, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.21.550010</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Autophagy restricts fungal accommodation in the roots ofArabidopsis thaliana]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.31.551207v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Oryza genera-specific novel Histone H4 variant predisposes H4 Lysine5 Acetylation marks to modulate salt stress responses 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.31.551207v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Paralogous variants of canonical histones guide accessibility to DNA and function as additional layers of genome regulation. Across eukaryotes, the occurrence, mechanism of action and functional significance of several variants of core histones are well known except that of histone H4. Here we show that a novel variant of H4 (H4.V), expressing tissue-specifically among members of Oryza genera, mediates specific epigenetic changes contributing majorly to salt tolerance. H4.V was incorporated to specific chromosomal locations where it blocked deposition of active histone marks. Under salt stress, large scale re-distribution of H4.V enabled incorporation of stress dependent histone H4 Lysine5 Acetylation (H4K5Ac) marks. Mis-expression of H4.V led to defects at morphological level especially in reproductive tissues, and in mounting stress responses. H4.V mediated these alterations by condensing chromatin at specific genomic regions as seen with cryo-EM structure of reconstituted H4.V containing nucleosomes. These results not only uncovered the presence of a H4 variant in plants, but also a novel chromatin regulation of stress responses that might have contributed to success of semi-aquatic Oryza members under variable water-limiting conditions.

One-line summaryHistone H4 variant predisposes chromatin for stress responses



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=199 SRC="FIGDIR/small/551207v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>G, V. H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sotelo-Parrilla, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raju, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gireesh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gut, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kutti, V. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berger, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeyaprakash, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shivaprasad, P. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.31.551207</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Oryza genera-specific novel Histone H4 variant predisposes H4 Lysine5 Acetylation marks to modulate salt stress responses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.18.549543v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RIF1 acts as a gatekeeper of B cell identity during late differentiation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.18.549543v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The establishment of protective immune responses relies on the ability of terminally differentiated B cells to secrete a broad variety of antigen-specific antibodies with different effector functions. RIF1 is a multifunctional protein that promotes antibody isotype diversification via its DNA end protection activity during class switch recombination (CSR). In this study, we showed that RIF1 ablation resulted in increased plasmablast (PB) formation ex vivo and enhanced terminal differentiation into plasma cells (PCs) upon immunization. Mechanistically, this phenotype is independent from RIF1s role in DNA repair and CSR, and reflects its ability to modulate the transcriptional status of a subset of BLIMP1 target genes. Therefore, in addition to promoting antibody isotype diversification, RIF1 fine-tunes the kinetics of late B cell differentiation, thus providing an additional layer of control in the establishment of humoral immunity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rahjouei, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kabrani, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berruezo-Llacuna, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altwasser, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delgado-Benito, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pavri, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Virgilio, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.18.549543</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RIF1 acts as a gatekeeper of B cell identity during late differentiation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.27.550750v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A conserved fertilization complex of Izumo1, Spaca6, and Tmem81 mediates sperm-egg interaction in vertebrates 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.27.550750v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fertilization, the fusion of sperm and egg, is essential for sexual reproduction. While several proteins have been demonstrated to be essential for the binding and fusion of gametes in vertebrates, the molecular mechanisms driving this key process are poorly understood. Here, we performed a protein interaction screen using AlphaFold-Multimer to uncover protein-protein interactions in fertilization. This screen resulted in the prediction of a trimeric complex composed of the essential fertilization factors Izumo1 and Spaca6, and Tmem81, a protein previously not implicated in fertilization. We show that Tmem81 is a conserved, testis-expressed transmembrane protein that is evolutionarily related to Izumo1 and Spaca6 and is essential for male fertility in fish and mice. Consistent with trimer formation in vivo, zebrafish izumo1-/-, spaca6-/-, and tmem81-/- mutants exhibit the same sperm-egg binding defect and show co-depletion of all three proteins in sperm. Moreover, we provide experimental evidence that Izumo1, Spaca6, and Tmem81 interact in zebrafish sperm. Strikingly, the Izumo1-Spaca6 interaction is predicted to form a cleft that serves as a binding site for Bouncer, the only identified egg protein essential for fertilization in zebrafish. Together, these results provide compelling evidence for a conserved sperm factor complex in vertebrates that forms a specific interface for the sperm-egg interaction required for successful fertilization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Deneke, V. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blaha, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Draper, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phan, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panser, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schleiffer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacob, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Humer, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stejskal, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krssakova, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Handler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamoshita, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vance, T. D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roitinger, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ikawa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pauli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.27.550750</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A conserved fertilization complex of Izumo1, Spaca6, and Tmem81 mediates sperm-egg interaction in vertebrates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.28.548983v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modeling Kinetics of RNA RNA Interactions on Direct Paths 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.28.548983v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationRNA-RNA interactions play essential roles in gene regulation and are controlled by both thermodynamics and kinetics. State-of-the-art tools predict thermodynamically optimal RNA-RNA interactions, but they neglect kinetic effects. While folding kinetics of single RNAs have been successfully modeled using transition systems between conformations, analogous approaches for RNA-RNA interactions quickly lead to infeasibly large systems. Novel models with controlled system size are required to overcome these limitations and enable computational analysis of RNA- RNA interaction kinetics. Such methods have the potential to improve our understanding of the governing principles of RNA-RNA interaction formation and improve target prediction tools.

ResultsWe propose a targeted interaction kinetics model that focuses on a given candidate interaction structure, and further limits the state space by considering only direct paths. This allows us to describe interaction formation as a Markov process on the limited state space and to study which properties are relevant for interaction formation. By comparing experimentally confirmed sRNA-mRNA interactions in E. coli with a randomized background, we show that native interactions are indeed kinetically favored and identify key features, such as seed accessibility and folding energy barrier. Using a machine learning classifier, we identified most-informative combinations of interaction features with respect to the kinetic behavior of native RNA-RNA interactions. Our kinetics model enables the efficient computation of various features that can be used to evaluate genome-wide target predictions by kinetic criteria. Beyond immediate practical improvements, our results contribute to long-standing general questions such as the influence of initial contact site accessibility.

Availability and implementationRRIkinDP is available as free software on GitHub at https://github.com/mwaldl/RRIkinDP.

Contactmaria@tbi.univie.ac.at
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Waldl, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beckmann, I. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Will, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hofacker, I. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.28.548983</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modeling Kinetics of RNA RNA Interactions on Direct Paths]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.08.03.551782v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional Adaptations of Endogenous Retroviruses to the Drosophila Host Underlie their Evolutionary Diversification 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.08.03.551782v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transposable elements profoundly affect the biology and evolution of their hosts, yet their own evolutionary dynamics remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate insect endogenous retroviruses (iERVs), a monophyletic group of LTR retrotransposons that have acquired the trait of infectivity, likely through capture of a Baculovirus envelope gene. In Drosophila ovaries, iERVs with functional envelope have adapted their cis-regulatory sequences to be expressed in any somatic cell type, from where they infect the germline. Strikingly, related retroviruses show distinct expression patterns, indicating niche partitioning. In contrast, all non-infectious iERVs that emerged through secondary envelope-loss are specifically expressed in the germline. Co-evolving with iERVs, the genome-protecting piRNA pathway has assimilated iERV promoter and sequence information into piRNA clusters, underscoring the functional significance of iERV expression in somatic niches. We propose that the evolutionary innovation of cell-to-cell infectivity has triggered the adaptive radiation of iERVs through trait diversification and antagonistic virus-host interactions, processes that likely underpin niche-specific expression of endogenous retroviruses in vertebrates as well.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Senti, K.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Handler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rafanel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kosiol, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schloetterer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brennecke, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.03.551782</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional Adaptations of Endogenous Retroviruses to the Drosophila Host Underlie their Evolutionary Diversification]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.08.10.552792v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nucleolar stress caused by arginine-rich peptides triggers a ribosomopathy and accelerates ageing in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.08.10.552792v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nucleolar stress (NS) has been associated to several age-related diseases such as cancer or neurodegeneration. To investigate the mechanisms of toxicity triggered by NS, we here used (PR)n arginine-rich peptides that are found in patients of some neurodegenerative diseases. Although these peptides accumulate at nucleoli and generate NS, how this translates into cellular toxicity is poorly understood. We here reveal that whereas (PR)n expression leads to an overall decrease in protein abundance, this occurs concomitant with an accumulation of free ribosomal (r) proteins in the cytoplasm, a hallmark of ribosomopathies. Conversely, cells with acquired resistance to (PR)n peptides present global downregulation of r-proteins and low levels of mTOR signaling. In mice, systemic expression of (PR)97 drives widespread NS and accelerated ageing, which is associated to an increased expression of r-proteins and mTOR hyperactivation. Furthermore, the reduced lifespan of (PR)97-expressing mice was alleviated by the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. Importantly, we show that the generalised accumulation of free r-proteins is a common outcome in response to chemical or genetic perturbations that trigger NS, such as Actinomycin D, TIF-IA depletion, or the expression of mutant HMGB1 variants recently associated to rare human diseases. Together, our study presents in vivo evidence supporting the role of NS as a driver of ageing, and provides a general framework to explain the toxicity caused by NS in mammalian cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sirozh, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez-Burgos, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ventoso, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lafarga, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez-Capetillo, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.10.552792</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nucleolar stress caused by arginine-rich peptides triggers a ribosomopathy and accelerates ageing in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.08.12.553065v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PRDM16 co-operates with LHX2 to shape the human brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.08.12.553065v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PRDM16 is a dynamic transcriptional regulator of various stem cell niches, including adipocytic, hematopoietic, cardiac progenitors, and neural stem cells. PRDM16 has been suggested to contribute to 1p36 deletion syndrome, one of the most prevalent subtelomeric microdeletion syndromes. We report a patient with a de novo nonsense mutation in the PRDM16 coding sequence, accompanied by lissencephaly and microcephaly features. Human stem cells were genetically modified to mimic this mutation, generating cortical organoids that exhibited altered cell cycle dynamics. RNA sequencing of cortical organoids at day 32 unveiled changes in cell adhesion and WNT-signaling pathways. ChIP-seq of PRDM16 identified binding sites in postmortem human fetal cortex, indicating the conservation of PRDM16 binding to developmental genes in mice and humans, potentially at enhancer sites. A shared motif between PRDM16 and LHX2 was identified and further examined through comparison with LHX2 ChIP-seq data from mice. These results suggested a collaborative partnership between PRDM16 and LHX2 in regulating a common set of genes and pathways in cortical radial glia cells, possibly via their synergistic involvement in cortical development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Suresh, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharya, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tshuva, R. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danan Gotthold, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olender, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bose, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ben Zeev, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pradhan, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tole, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galande, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harwell, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baizabal, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reiner, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.12.553065</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PRDM16 co-operates with LHX2 to shape the human brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.08.13.553141v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BBSome-deficient cells activate intraciliary CDC42 to trigger actin-dependent ciliary ectocytosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.08.13.553141v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a pleiotropic ciliopathy caused by dysfunction of the BBSome, a cargo adaptor essential for export of transmembrane receptors from cilia. Although actin-dependent ectocytosis has been proposed as compensatory cellular process for defective cargo retrieval, the underlying molecular mechanism is poorly understood, particularly in the context of BBS pathology. In this study, we investigated how actin polymerization and ectocytosis are regulated within the cilium. Our findings reveal that ciliary CDC42, a RHO-family GTPase triggers in situ actin polymerization, ciliary ectocytosis, and cilia shortening in BBSome-deficient cells. Furthermore, activation of the Sonic Hedgehog pathway further enhances CDC42 activity in BBSome-deficient cilia, but not in healthy cells. Inhibition of CDC42 decreased the frequency and duration of ciliary actin polymerization events and lead to the accumulation of the GPR161 receptor in bulges along the axoneme in BBSome-deficient cells during Sonic Hedgehog signaling. Overall, our study identifies CDC42 as a key trigger of ciliary ectocytosis. Moreover, the hyperactivated ciliary CDC42-actin-ectocytosis axis in BBSome-deficient cells results in cilia shortening and loss of ciliary material, potentially impacting disease severity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Prasai, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivashchenko, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maskova, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cernohorska, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stepanek, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huranova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.13.553141</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BBSome-deficient cells activate intraciliary CDC42 to trigger actin-dependent ciliary ectocytosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.08.10.552772v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell profiling uncovers regulatory programs of pathogenic Th2 cells in allergic asthma 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.08.10.552772v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lung pathogenic T helper type 2 (pTh2) cells are important drivers of allergic asthma, but fundamental questions remain regarding their regulation and heterogeneity. The differentiation and effector functions of immune cells are tightly regulated by epigenetic processes. Histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) is an important epigenetic regulator of T cells, however, its role in pTh2 cells is yet to be determined. Here we investigate immune regulation in allergic asthma by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) in mice challenged with house dust mite, in the presence and absence of HDAC1 function. Our analyses reveal two distinct subsets of lung pTh2 cells: pathogenic effector Th2 (peTh2) and pathogenic Th2 tissue-resident memory (Th2 Trm) cells. Both pTh2 cell subsets are highly proinflammatory and exhibit distinct transcriptional and phenotypic signatures as compared with other lung Th subsets. Based on our scRNA-seq analysis, we identify conditions to generate pTh2 cells in vitro and confirm that these in vitro generated pTh2 cells have a similar transcriptional profile as lung peTh2 cells. Using our new in vitro model, we demonstrate that the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway is critical for interleukin-5 (IL-5) and IL-13 expression in pTh2 cells. Our data further underline the importance of HDAC1 in limiting the pathogenicity of lung and in vitro pTh2 cells and in the formation of lung Th2 Trm cells. In summary, we have generated novel insights into pTh2 cell biology and established a new in vitro model for investigating pTh2 cells that will be useful for discovering molecular mechanisms involved in pTh2-mediated allergic asthma.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Khan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alteneder, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reiter, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krausgruber, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dobnikar, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madern, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waldherr, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bock, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartl, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellmeier, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henriksson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boucheron, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.10.552772</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell profiling uncovers regulatory programs of pathogenic Th2 cells in allergic asthma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.08.14.553244v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bacterial degradation of ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi organic matter 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.08.14.553244v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Blooms of gelatinous zooplankton, an important source of protein-rich biomass in coastal waters, often collapse rapidly, releasing large amounts of labile detrital organic matter (OM) into the surrounding water. Although these blooms have the potential to cause major perturbations in the marine ecosystem, their effects on the microbial community and hence on the biogeochemical cycles have yet to be elucidated. We conducted microcosm experiments simulating the scenario experienced by coastal bacterial communities after the decay of a ctenophore (Mnemiopsis leidyi) bloom in the northern Adriatic Sea. Within 24 h, a rapid response of bacterial communities to the M. leidyi OM was observed, characterized by elevated bacterial biomass production and respiration rates. Compared to our previous microcosm study of jellyfish (Aurelia aurita s.l.), M. leidyi OM degradation revealed that, despite the fundamental genetic and biochemical differences between the two species, a similar pattern in the bacterial community response was observed. Combined metagenomic and metaproteomic analysis indicated that the degradation activity was mainly performed by Pseudoalteromonas, producing a large amount of proteolytic exoenzymes and exhibiting high metabolic activity. Interestingly, the reconstructed metagenome-assembled genome (MAG) of Pseudoalteromonas phenolica was almost identical (average nucleotide identity >99%) to the MAG previously reconstructed in our A. aurita microcosm study. Taken together our data suggest that blooms of different gelatinous zooplankton are likely triggering a consistent response from natural bacterial communities, with specific bacterial lineages driving the remineralization of the gelatinous OM.

ImportanceJellyfish blooms are increasingly becoming a recurring seasonal event in marine ecosystems, characterised by a rapid build-up of gelatinous biomass that collapses rapidly. Although these blooms have the potential to cause major perturbations, their impact on marine microbial communities is largely unknown. We conducted an incubation experiment simulating a bloom of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi in the Northern Adriatic, where we investigated the bacterial response to the gelatinous biomass. We found that the bacterial communities actively degraded the gelatinous organic matter, and overall showed a striking similarity to the dynamics previously observed after a simulated bloom of the jellyfish Aurelia aurita s.l. In both cases we found that a single bacterial species, Pseudoalteromonas phenolica, was responsible for most of the degradation activity. This suggests that blooms of different jellyfish are likely to trigger a consistent response from natural bacterial communities, with specific bacterial species driving the remineralisation of gelatinous biomass.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fadeev, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hennenfeind, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amano-Sato, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klun, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herndl, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tinta, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.14.553244</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bacterial degradation of ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi organic matter]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.08.21.554177v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mutual homeostasis of charged proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.08.21.554177v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein dosage is regulated to maintain cellular homeostasis and health. The dosage of proteins containing disordered low complexity domains (LCDs) must be particularly well-controlled to prevent aberrant disease, yet no mechanism to maintain homeostasis has been identified1, 2. Here we report a mutual homeostatic mechanism that controls the concentration of such proteins, termed interstasis, in which proteins with similar LCDs co-regulate their combined dosage through collective negative feedback. We focused on the mechanism that exploits the fundamental multivalency of GA-rich RNA regions that encode charged LCDs, including those with arginine-enriched mixed charge domains (R-MCDs). Modest variations in the abundance of an R-MCD protein change the properties of nuclear speckles, a protein-RNA condensate, selectively trapping multivalent GA-rich mRNAs to promote their nuclear retention. This interstasis depends on conserved codon biases, shared by amniotes, which enhance the multivalency of GA-rich regions encoding charged LCDs. The threshold of interstasis is modulated by CLK kinases, which affect the nuclear speckle localisation of proteins such as TRA2B, key binder of GA-rich RNAs. Notably, many classes of LCDs are encoded by RNA regions containing multivalency-enhancing codon biases, each preferentially bound by specific proteins, suggesting that interstasis might co-regulate many classes of functionally related LCD-containing proteins through dose-sensitivity of various types of protein-RNA condensates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Faraway, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heaven, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Digby, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilkins, O. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakrabarti, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iosub, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knez, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ameres, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plaschka, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ule, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.21.554177</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mutual homeostasis of charged proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.08.24.554571v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A cell-type atlas from a scyphozoan jellyfish Aurelia coerulea (formerly sp.1) provides insights into changes of cell-type diversity in the transition from polyps to medusae 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.08.24.554571v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The life cycle of most medusozoan cnidarians is marked by the metagenesis from the asexually reproducing sessile polyp and the sexually reproducing motile medusa. At present it is unknown to what extent this drastic morphological transformation is accompanied by changes in the cell type composition. Here, we provide a single cell transcriptome atlas of the cosmopolitan scyphozoan Aurelia coerulea focussing on changes in cell-type composition during the transition from polyp to medusa. Notably, this transition marked by an increase in cell type diversity, including an expansion of neural subtypes. We find that two families of neuronal lineages are specified by homologous transcription factors in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis and Aurelia coerulea, suggesting an origin in the common ancestor of medusozoans and anthozoans about 500 Myr ago. Our analysis suggests that gene duplications might be drivers for the increase of cellular complexity during the evolution of cnidarian neuroglandular lineages. One key medusozoan-specific cell type is the striated muscle in the subumbrella. Analysis of muscle fiber anatomy and gene expression raises the possibility that the striated muscles arise from a population of smooth muscle cells during strobilation. Although smooth and striated muscles are phenotypically distinct, both have a similar contractile complex, in contrast to bilaterian smooth and striated muscles. This suggests that in Aurelia, smooth and striated muscle cells may derive from the same progenitor cells.

TeaserSingle cell transcriptome atlas across the jellyfish life cycle reveals emergence of novel medusa-specific cell types is associated with expression of medusa-specific paralogs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Link, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahnel, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janicek, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kraus, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montenegro, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimmerman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cole, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Technau, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.24.554571</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A cell-type atlas from a scyphozoan jellyfish Aurelia coerulea (formerly sp.1) provides insights into changes of cell-type diversity in the transition from polyps to medusae]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.08.29.555258v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Repair of DNA double-strand breaks leaves heritable impairment to genome function 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.08.29.555258v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Upon DNA breakage, a genomic locus undergoes alterations in 3-D chromatin architecture to facilitate signaling and repair. While cells possess mechanisms to repair damaged DNA, it is unknown whether the surrounding chromatin is restored to its naive state. We show that a single DNA double-strand break (DSB) within a topologically-associated domain (TAD) harboring conformation-sensitive genes causes lasting chromatin alterations, which persist after completion of DNA repair and feature structural changes, chromatin compaction and loss of local RNA species. Unexpectedly, these newly-acquired features of post-repair chromatin are transmitted to daughter cells and manifest as heritable impairments of gene expression. These findings uncover a hitherto concealed dimension of DNA breakage, which we term post-repair chromatin fatigue, and which confers heritable impairment of gene function beyond DNA repair.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bantele, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mordini, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biran, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alcaraz, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wenger, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krietenstein, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Groth, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lukas, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.29.555258</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Repair of DNA double-strand breaks leaves heritable impairment to genome function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.09.09.556951v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Control of cell fate specification and patterning by an ancestral microRNA 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.09.09.556951v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The formation of an organized body requires the establishment and maintenance of cells with structural and functional distinctive characteristics. A central question in developmental biology is how changes in the regulation of genes drive cell specification and patterning1. microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate development through mRNA cleavage and/or translational repression2. In plants, miRNAs regulate key aspects including growth, development, stem cell maintenance, vegetative phase change, leaf morphogenesis, floral organ formation and flowering time3. Biogenesis of plant miRNAs depends on the activity of DICER-LIKE 1 (DCL1), an RNase type III endonuclease that processes double stranded RNA to give rise to mature miRNAs 4. The genomes of todays flora contain at least one bona fide copy of DCL1 5,6. Using Marchantia polymorpha -a model bryophyte that allows comparative approaches to infer characteristics of the ancestral land plant-, we demonstrate that MpDCL1a is required for the biogenesis of miRNAs and uncovered a central role for miR166/Homeodomain Zipper Class III-regulated auxin synthesis in the specification of cell identity, patterning, meristem function, laminar expansion and the development of the body in the last common ancestor of extant land plants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aguilar-Cruz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flores-Sandoval, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutierrez-Ramos, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oltehua-Lopez, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorantes-Acosta, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trujillo, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kato, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ishizaki, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mosher, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dolan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grimanelli, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haseloff, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arteaga-Vazquez, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.09.556951</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Control of cell fate specification and patterning by an ancestral microRNA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.09.15.557872v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Widespread transcriptional regulation from within transcribed regions in plants 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.09.15.557872v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Much of what we know about eukaryotic transcription stems from animals and yeast, however, plants have evolved separately for 1.6 billion years, leaving ample time for divergence in transcriptional regulation. Here, we set out to elucidate fundamental properties of cis-regulatory sequences in plants. Using massively parallel reporter assays across four plant species, we demonstrate the central role of sequences downstream of the transcription start site (TSS) in transcriptional regulation. Unlike animal enhancers that are position-independent, plant regulatory elements depend on their position, as altering their location relative to the TSS significantly affects transcription. We highlight the importance of the region downstream of the TSS in regulating transcription by identifying a DNA motif that is conserved across vascular plants and is sufficient to enhance gene expression in a dose-dependent manner. The identification of a large number of position-dependent enhancers points to fundamental differences in gene regulation between plants and animals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Voichek, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hristova, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molla-Morales, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weigel, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nordborg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.15.557872</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Widespread transcriptional regulation from within transcribed regions in plants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.09.15.557731v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The asynchrony in the exit from naive pluripotency cannot be explained by differences in the cell cycle phase 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.09.15.557731v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Development is characterized by consecutive cell state transitions that build on each other and ultimately lead to the generation of the numerous different cell types found in the organism. During each of these transitions, cells change their gene expression profiles and take on new identities. Cell state transitions have to be tightly coordinated with proliferation to ensure simultaneous growth and differentiation. The exit from naive pluripotency is an ideal model system for studying the temporal coordination of proliferation and differentiation. Individual cells initiate differentiation earlier compared to others, thereby leading to an asynchronous exit from naive pluripotency. One of the major differences among the cells of the starting population of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) is the cell cycle status, and could therefore be an underlying cause of the differences in the onset of the exit from naive pluripotency. However, through comprehensive analysis including single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), cell cycle synchronization, and perturbation experiments, we demonstrate here that the cell cycle phase at the initiation of differentiation does not influence the timing of the exit from naive pluripotency.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jayaram, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romeike, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buecker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.15.557731</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The asynchrony in the exit from naive pluripotency cannot be explained by differences in the cell cycle phase]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.09.20.558571v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tumor sialylation is a barrier against CD8 T cell-mediated anti-tumor responses and anti-PD-1 resistance in breast cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.09.20.558571v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. However, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors, that have revolutionized treatment of multiple cancers, unfortunately remain largely ineffective in most breast cancer patients. Here, we report the most comprehensive glycoproteome map in breast tumor cells, pointing to a key role of sialic acid modifications in mammary cancer. Genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of sialylation repolarizes the tumor microenvironment, leading to a reduction in myeloid-derived suppressor cells and a significant increase in Tcf7+ memory and CD8+ effector T cells. Mechanistically, sialylation controls cell surface expression of MHC class I and PD-1-ligand on the tumor cells. Functionally, in vivo interference with sialylation on breast cancer cells licenses CD8+ T cells to effectively kill the tumors. In multiple immunotherapy-resistant breast tumor models, we also show that the abrogation of sialylation sensitizes to anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint therapy. We further demonstrate that hyper-sialylation occurs in over half of human breast cancers tested and correlates with poor T cell infiltration. Our results establish sialylation as a central immunoregulator in breast cancer, orchestrating multiple pathways of immune evasion. Targeting tumor sialylation licenses immunologically inert mammary tumors to be efficiently eliminated by anti-cancer immunity and sensitizes to immune checkpoint therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mereiter, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jonsson, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oliveira, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helm, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffmann, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abeln, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jochum, A.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jochum, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kellner, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feith, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tkalec, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wasilewska, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emsenhuber, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holstein, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Obenauf, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lordello, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scoazec, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kroemer, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zitvogel, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ali, O. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flatz, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerardy-Schahn, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muenster-Kuehnel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stadlmann, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penninger, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.20.558571</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tumor sialylation is a barrier against CD8 T cell-mediated anti-tumor responses and anti-PD-1 resistance in breast cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.09.25.559255v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Control of mitophagy initiation and progression by the TBK1 adaptors NAP1 and SINTBAD 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.09.25.559255v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitophagy preserves overall mitochondrial fitness by selectively targeting damaged mitochondria for degradation. The regulatory mechanisms that prevent PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy and other selective autophagy pathways from overreacting while ensuring swift progression once initiated are largely elusive. Here, we demonstrate how the TBK1 adaptors NAP1 and SINTBAD restrict the initiation of OPTN-driven mitophagy by competing with OPTN for TBK1. Conversely, they promote the progression of NDP52-driven mitophagy by recruiting TBK1 to NDP52 and stabilizing its interaction with FIP200. Notably, OPTN emerges as the primary recruiter of TBK1 during mitophagy initiation, which in return boosts NDP52-mediated mitophagy. Our results thus define NAP1 and SINTBAD as cargo receptor rheostats, elevating the threshold for mitophagy initiation by OPTN while promoting the progression of the pathway once set in motion by supporting NDP52. These findings shed light on the cellular strategy to prevent pathway hyperactivity while still ensuring efficient progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Adriaenssens, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, T. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sawa-Makarska, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khuu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schuschnig, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shoebridge, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watts, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Csalyi, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Padman, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lazarou, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martens, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.25.559255</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Control of mitophagy initiation and progression by the TBK1 adaptors NAP1 and SINTBAD]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.09.29.560096v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolutionary adaptation of the chromodomain of the HP1-protein Rhino allows the integration of chromatin and DNA sequence signals 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.09.29.560096v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Members of the diverse heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) family play crucial roles in heterochromatin formation and maintenance. Despite the similar affinities of their chromodomains for di- and tri-methylated histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9me2/3), different HP1 proteins exhibit distinct chromatin binding patterns, likely due to interactions with various specificity factors. Here, we elucidate the molecular basis of the interaction between the HP1 protein Rhino, a crucial factor of the Drosophila piRNA pathway, and Kipferl, a DNA sequence-specific C2H2 zinc finger protein and Rhino guidance factor. Through phylogenetic analyses, structure prediction, and in vivo genetics, we identify a single amino acid change within Rhinos chromodomain, G31D, that does not affect H3K9me2/3 binding but disrupts the interaction between Rhino and Kipferl. Flies carrying the rhinoG31Dmutation phenocopy kipferl mutant flies, with Rhino redistributing from piRNA clusters to satellite repeats, causing pronounced changes in the ovarian piRNA profile of rhinoG31D flies. Thus, Rhinos chromodomain functions as a dual-specificity module, facilitating interactions with both a histone mark and a DNA-binding protein.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Baumgartner, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ipsaro, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hohmann, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Handler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schleiffer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duchek, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brennecke, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.29.560096</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolutionary adaptation of the chromodomain of the HP1-protein Rhino allows the integration of chromatin and DNA sequence signals]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.10.10.561251v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A conserved ESCRT-II-like protein participates in the biogenesis and maintenance of thylakoid membranes 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.10.10.561251v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Thylakoids are membrane-bound compartments located in cyanobacteria and chloroplasts of plants and algae. They play an indispensable role in the light-driven reactions that enable photosynthetic organisms to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and sugars. The biogenesis and maintenance of thylakoid membranes is a critical yet underappreciated area of research. One of the few known critical regulators of this process, VIPP1 (Vesicle-Inducing Protein in Plastids 1), was recently shown to be structurally similar to ESCRT-III proteins -- the first evidence for ESCRT-like (Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport) machinery in chloroplasts. Here, we used an affinity purification approach in two distantly related photosynthetic eukaryotes, the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the plant Arabidopsis thaliana, to discover proteins that interact with VIPP1. Among several newly identified proteins, we focused on a highly conserved but uncharacterized protein (VIPP1-Associated protein 1, VIA1) that robustly interacts with VIPP1 in both systems. VIA1 is predicted to contain a winged-helix domain, a characteristic feature of ESCRT-II proteins that mediates the interaction with ESCRT-III proteins. The absence of VIA1 causes thylakoid swelling upon exposure to high light in Chlamydomonas and defective thylakoid biogenesis in the newly emerging leaf tissue in Arabidopsis, thereby delaying chloroplast development in this tissue. We propose that VIA1 is part of a previously unrecognized chloroplast ESCRT-like system that plays a critical role in forming, remodeling, and repairing photosynthetic membranes.

Significance StatementThylakoid membranes are essential for photosynthesis, yet their biogenesis and maintenance are poorly understood. Of the few known proteins involved in these processes, VIPP1 stands out due to its similarity to ESCRT-III, an integral component of the ESCRT machinery that is responsible for membrane remodeling and trafficking in the cytoplasm of eukaryotes. Here we report the discovery of VIA1, a conserved protein that interacts with VIPP1 and participates in thylakoid biogenesis and remodeling in two distantly related photosynthetic organisms. Because VIA1 contains a predicted winged-helix domain, a hallmark feature of ESCRT-II proteins that mediates the interaction with ESCRT-III proteins, our data support the hypothesis that universal, mechanistic principles govern membrane remodeling across all living organisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yilmazer, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vetrano, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eicke, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abt, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Traverso, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morosinotto, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeeman, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramundo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.10.561251</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A conserved ESCRT-II-like protein participates in the biogenesis and maintenance of thylakoid membranes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.10.05.560999v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Chaperone NASP Contributes to De Novo Deposition of the Centromeric Histone Variant CENH3 in Arabidopsis Early Embryogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.10.05.560999v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The centromere is an essential chromosome region where the kinetochore is formed to control equal chromosome distribution during cell division. The centromere-specific histone H3 variant CENH3 (also called CENP-A) is a prerequisite for the kinetochore formation. Since CENH3 evolves rapidly, associated factors, including histone chaperones mediating the deposition of CENH3 on the centromere, are thought to act through species-specific amino-acid sequences. The functions and interaction networks of CENH3 and histone chaperons have been well-characterized in animals and yeasts. However, molecular mechanisms involved in recognition and deposition of CENH3 are still unclear in plants. Here, we used a swapping strategy between domains of CENH3 of Arabidopsis thaliana and the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha to identify specific regions of CENH3 involved in targeting the centromeres and interacting with the general histone H3 chaperone, NASP (nuclear autoantigenic sperm protein). CENH3s LoopN-1 region was necessary and sufficient for the centromere targeting in cooperation with the 2 region and was involved in interaction with NASP in cooperation with N, suggesting a species-specific CENH3 recognition. In addition, by generating an Arabidopsis nasp knockout mutant in the background of a fully fertile GFP-CENH3/cenh3-1 line, we found that NASP was implicated for de novo CENH3 deposition after fertilization and thus for early embryo development. Our results imply that the NASP mediates the supply of CENH3 in the context of the rapidly evolving centromere identity in land plants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Takeuchi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagahara, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Higashiyama, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berger, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.05.560999</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Chaperone NASP Contributes to De Novo Deposition of the Centromeric Histone Variant CENH3 in Arabidopsis Early Embryogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.10.10.561770v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Developmental and housekeeping transcriptional programs display distinct modes of enhancer-enhancer cooperativity in Drosophila 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.10.10.561770v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genomic enhancers are key transcriptional regulators which, upon the binding of sequence-specific transcription factors, activate their cognate target promoters. Although enhancers have been extensively studied in isolation, a substantial number of genes have more than one simultaneously active enhancer, and it remains unclear how these cooperate to regulate transcription. Using Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells as a model, we assay the activities of more than a thousand individual enhancers and a million enhancer pairs towards housekeeping and developmental core promoters with STARR-seq. We report that housekeeping and developmental enhancers show distinct modes of enhancer-enhancer cooperativity: while housekeeping enhancers are additive such that their combined activity mirrors the sum of their individual activities, developmental enhancers are synergistic and follow a multiplicative model of cooperativity. This developmental enhancer synergy is promiscuous and neither depends on the enhancers endogenous genomic contexts nor on specific transcription factor motif signatures, but it saturates for the highest levels of enhancer activity. These results have important implications for our understanding of gene-regulation in complex multi-enhancer loci and genomically clustered housekeeping genes, providing a rationale for strong and mild transcriptional effects of mutations within enhancer regions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>LOUBIERE, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Almeida, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pagani, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stark, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.10.561770</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Developmental and housekeeping transcriptional programs display distinct modes of enhancer-enhancer cooperativity in Drosophila]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.10.13.562204v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanistic insights into the function of 14-3-3 proteins as negative regulators of brassinosteroid signaling in Arabidopsis. 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.10.13.562204v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are vital plant steroid hormones sensed at the cell surface by a membrane signaling complex comprising the receptor kinase BRI1 and a SERK-family co-receptor kinase. Activation of this complex lead to dissociation of the inhibitor protein BKI1 from the receptor and to differential phosphorylation of BZR1/BES1 transcription factors by the glycogen synthase kinase 3 protein BIN2. Many phosphoproteins of the BR signaling pathway, including BRI1, SERKs, BKI1 and BZR1/BES1 can associate with 14-3-3 proteins. In this study, we use quantitative ligand binding assays to define the minimal 14-3-3 binding sites in the N-terminal lobe of the BRI1 kinase domain, in BKI1, and in BZR1 from Arabidopsis thaliana. All three motifs require to be phosphorylated to specifically bind 14-3-3s with mid- to low micromolar affinity. BR signaling components display minimal isoform preference within the 14-3-3 non-{varepsilon} subgroup. 14-3-3 and 14-3-3{omega} isoform complex crystal structures reveal that BKI1 and BZR1 bind as canonical type II 14-3-3 linear motifs. Disruption of key amino acids in the phosphopeptide binding site through mutation impairs the interaction of 14-3-3 with all three linear motifs. Notably, quadruple loss-of-function mutants from the non-{varepsilon} group exhibit gain-of-function brassinosteroid signaling phenotypes, suggesting a role for 14-3-3 proteins as overall negative regulators of the BR pathway. Collectively, our work provides further mechanistic and genetic evidence for the regulatory role of 14-3-3 proteins at various stages of the brassinosteroid signaling cascade.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Obergfell, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hohmann, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moretti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hothorn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.13.562204</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanistic insights into the function of 14-3-3 proteins as negative regulators of brassinosteroid signaling in Arabidopsis.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.10.18.562914v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Zinc-finger (ZiF) fold secreted effectors form a functionally diverse family across lineages of the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.10.18.562914v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Filamentous plant pathogens deliver effector proteins into host cells to suppress host defence responses and manipulate metabolic processes to support colonization. Understanding the evolution and molecular function of these effectors provides knowledge about pathogenesis and can suggest novel strategies to reduce damage caused by pathogens. However, effector proteins are highly variable, share weak sequence similarity and, although they can be grouped according to their structure, only a few structurally conserved effector families have been functionally characterized to date. Here, we demonstrate that Zinc-finger fold (ZiF) secreted proteins form a functionally diverse effector family in the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. This family relies on the Zinc-finger motif for protein stability and is ubiquitously present, forming different effector tribes in blast fungus lineages infecting 13 different host species. Homologs of the canonical ZiF effector, AVR-Pii from rice infecting isolates, are present in multiple M. oryzae lineages, and the wheat infecting strains of the fungus, for example, possess an allele that also binds host Exo70 proteins and activates the immune receptor Pii. Furthermore, ZiF tribes vary in the host Exo70 proteins they bind, indicating functional diversification and an intricate effector/host interactome. Altogether, we uncovered a new effector family with a common protein fold that has functionally diversified in lineages of M. oryzae. This work expands our understanding of the diversity of M. oryzae effectors, the molecular basis of plant pathogenesis and may ultimately facilitate the development of new sources for pathogen resistance.

Author SummaryDiseases caused by filamentous plant pathogens impact global food production, leading to severe economic and humanitarian consequences. These pathogens secrete hundreds of effectors inside the host to alter cellular processes and to promote infection and disease. Effector proteins have weak or no sequence similarity but can be grouped in structural families based on conserved protein folds. However, very few conserved effector families have been functionally characterized. We have identified a family of effectors with a shared Zinc-finger protein fold (ZiF) that is present in lineages of the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae that can, collectively, infect 13 different grasses. We characterized the binding of a sub-set of these proteins to putative Exo70 host targets and showed they can be recognized by the plant immune system. Furthermore, we show that other ZiF effectors do not bind Exo70 targets, suggesting functional specialization within this effector family for alternative interactors. These findings shed light on the diversity of effectors and their molecular functions, as well as potentially leading to the development of new sources of blast disease resistance in the future.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Concepcion, J. C. D. l.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Langner, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fujisaki, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Were, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lam, A. H. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saado, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brabham, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Win, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoshida, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Talbot, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Terauchi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamoun, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banfield, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.18.562914</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Zinc-finger (ZiF) fold secreted effectors form a functionally diverse family across lineages of the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.08.23.554513v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ATG8 delipidation is dispensable for plant autophagy 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.08.23.554513v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intracellular recycling via autophagy is governed by post-translational modifications of the autophagy-related (ATG) proteins. One notable example is ATG4-dependent delipidation of ATG8, a process that plays critical but distinct roles in autophagosome formation in yeast and mammals. Here, we aimed to elucidate the specific contribution of this process to autophagosome formation in species representative of evolutionary distant green plant lineages: unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, with a relatively simple set of ATG genes, and a vascular plant Arabidopsis thaliana, harboring expanded ATG gene families.

Remarkably, the more complex autophagy machinery of Arabidopsis rendered ATG8 delipidation entirely dispensable for the maturation of autophagosomes, autophagic flux and related stress tolerance; whereas autophagy in Chlamydomonas strictly depended on the ATG4-mediated delipidation of ATG8. Importantly, we uncovered the distinct impact of different Arabidopsis ATG8 orthologs on autophagosome formation, especially prevalent under nitrogen depletion, providing a new insight into potential drivers behind the expansion of the ATG8 family in higher plants.

Our findings underscore the evolutionary diversification of the molecular mechanism governing the maturation of autophagosomes in eukaryotic lineages and highlight how this conserved pathway is tailored to diverse organisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Holla, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sabljic, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ohlsson, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leong, J. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ballhaus, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krebs, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schumacher, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bozhkov, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minina, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.23.554513</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ATG8 delipidation is dispensable for plant autophagy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.11.03.564551v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatially resolved proteomics of the stomatal lineage: polarity complexes for cell divisions and stomatal pores 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.11.03.564551v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell polarity is used to guide asymmetric divisions and create morphologically diverse cells. We find that two oppositely oriented cortical polarity domains present during the asymmetric divisions in the Arabidopsis stomatal lineage are reconfigured into polar domains marking ventral (pore-forming) and outward facing domains of maturing stomatal guard cells. Proteins that define these opposing polarity domains were used as baits in miniTurboID-based proximity labeling. Among differentially enriched proteins we find kinases, putative microtubule-interacting proteins, polar SOSEKIs with their effector ANGUSTIFOLIA, and using AI-facilitated protein structure prediction models, we identify their potential interaction interfaces. Functional and localization analysis of polarity protein OPL2 and its newly discovered partners suggest a positive interaction with mitotic microtubules and a potential role in cytokinesis. This combination of cutting-edge proteomics and structural modeling with live cell imaging provides insights into how polarity is rewired in different cell types and cell cycle stages.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wallner, E.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mair, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Handler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McWhite, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, S.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dolan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergmann, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.03.564551</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatially resolved proteomics of the stomatal lineage: polarity complexes for cell divisions and stomatal pores]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.10.23.563122v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Automated 3D multi-color single-molecule localization microscopy 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.10.23.563122v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Since its inception, single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) has enabled imaging scientists to visualize biological structures with unprecedented resolution. Particularly powerful implementations capable of 3D, multi-color and high-throughput imaging have yielded key biological insights although widespread access to such technologies has been limited. The purpose of this protocol is to provide a guide for interested researchers to establish high-end SMLM in their laboratories. We detail the initial configuration and subsequent assembly of the SMLM, including instructions for alignment of all optical pathways, software/hardware integration and operation of the instrument. We describe validation steps including the preparation and imaging of test- and biological samples with structures of well-defined geometry and assist the user in troubleshooting and benchmarking performance. Additionally, we provide a walkthrough of the reconstruction of a super-resolved dataset from acquired raw images using the Super-resolution Microscopy Analysis Platform (SMAP). Depending on the instrument configuration, the cost of components is in the range $80,000 - 160,000, a fraction of the cost of a commercial instrument. A builder with some experience of optical systems is expected to require 3 - 6 months from the start of system construction to attain high-quality 3D and multi-color biological images.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Power, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tschanz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimmermann, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ries, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.23.563122</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Automated 3D multi-color single-molecule localization microscopy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.10.26.564064v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Universal inverse modelling of point spread functions for SMLM localization and microscope characterization 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.10.26.564064v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The point spread function (PSF) of a microscope describes the image of a point emitter. Knowing the accurate PSF model is essential for various imaging tasks, including single molecule localization, aberration correction and deconvolution. Here we present uiPSF (universal inverse modelling of Point Spread Functions), a toolbox to infer accurate PSF models from microscopy data, using either image stacks of fluorescent beads or directly images of blinking fluorophores, the raw data in single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM). The resulting PSF model enables accurate 3D super-resolution imaging using SMLM. Additionally, uiPSF can be used to characterize and optimize a microscope system by quantifying the aberrations, including field-dependent aberrations, and resolutions. Our modular framework is applicable to a variety of microscope modalities and the PSF model incorporates system or sample specific characteristics, e.g., the bead size, depth dependent aberrations and transformations among channels. We demonstrate its application in single or multiple channels or large field-of-view SMLM systems, 4Pi-SMLM, and lattice light-sheet microscopes using either bead data or single molecule blinking data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hellgoth, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mueller, L.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferdman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karras, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lidke, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heintzmann, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shechtman, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ries, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.26.564064</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Universal inverse modelling of point spread functions for SMLM localization and microscope characterization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.10.27.564404v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neuro-Cognitive Multilevel Causal Modeling: A Framework that Bridges the Explanatory Gap between Neuronal Activity and Cognition 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.10.27.564404v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Explaining how neuronal activity gives rise to cognition arguably remains the most significant challenge in cognitive neuroscience. We introduce neuro-cognitive multilevel causal modeling (NC-MCM), a framework that bridges the explanatory gap between neuronal activity and cognition by construing cognitive states as (behaviorally and dynamically) causally consistent abstractions of neuronal states. Multilevel causal modeling allows us to interchangeably reason about the neuronal- and cognitive causes of behavior while maintaining a physicalist (in contrast to a strong dualist) position. We introduce an algorithm for learning cognitive-level causal models from neuronal activation patterns and demonstrate its ability to learn cognitive states of the nematode C. elegans from calcium imaging data. We show that the cognitive-level model of the NC-MCM framework provides a concise representation of the neuronal manifold of C. elegans and its relation to behavior as a graph, which, in contrast to other neuronal manifold learning algorithms, supports causal reasoning. We conclude the article by arguing that the ability of the NC-MCM framework to learn causally interpretable abstractions of neuronal dynamics and their relation to behavior in a purely data-driven fashion is essential for understanding more biological systems whose complexity prohibits the development of hand-crafted computational models.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Grosse-Wentrup, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meunier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimmer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.27.564404</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neuro-Cognitive Multilevel Causal Modeling: A Framework that Bridges the Explanatory Gap between Neuronal Activity and Cognition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.10.27.564423v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular basis for positional memory and its reprogrammability in limb regeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.10.27.564423v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Upon limb amputation in salamanders, anterior and posterior connective tissue cells form distinct signalling centres that together fuel successful regeneration. The molecular properties that distinguish anterior and posterior cells prior to injury, which enable them to initiate different signalling centres after amputation, are not known. These anterior and posterior identities, crucial for regeneration, were thought to be established during development and to persist through successive regeneration cycles as positional memory. However, the molecular nature of these memory states and whether these identities can be engineered have remained outstanding questions. Here, we identify a positive feedback mechanism encoding posterior identity in the axolotl limb, which can be used to newly encode positional memory in regenerative cells. Posterior cells express residual levels of the bHLH transcription factor Hand2 from development and this is a priming molecule necessary and sufficient to establish a Shh signalling centre after limb amputation. During regeneration, Shh feeds back and reinforces Hand2 expression in nearby cells. Hand2 is sustained following regeneration, safeguarding posterior memory, while Shh is shut off. As a consequence of this Hand2-Shh system, anterior and posterior identities are differentially susceptible to alteration. Posterior cells are stabilised against anteriorisation as their expression of Hand2 poises them to trigger the Hand2-Shh loop. In contrast, anterior cells can be reprogrammed: a transient exposure to Shh during regeneration causes anterior cells to gain Hand2 expression and a lasting competence to express Shh. In this way, regeneration is an opportunity and entry point to re-write positional memory. Our results implicate positive feedback in the stability of positional memory and explain why positional memory is more easily altered in one direction (anterior to posterior) than the other. Because modifying positional memory changes signalling outputs from regenerative cells, our findings have wider implications for tissue engineering.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Otsuki, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plattner, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taniguchi-Sugiura, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanaka, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.27.564423</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular basis for positional memory and its reprogrammability in limb regeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.11.01.564642v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chromosome-level genome assemblies of two hemichordates provide new insights into deuterostome origin and chromosome evolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.11.01.564642v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Deuterostomes are an animal superphylum that includes Hemichordata and Echinodermata (together Ambulacraria) and Chordata. The diversity of deuterostome body plans has made it challenging to reconstruct their ancestral condition and to decipher the genetic changes that drove the diversification of deuterostome lineages. Here, we generate chromosome-level genome assemblies of two hemichordate species, Ptychodera flava and Schizocardium californicum, and use comparative genomic approaches to infer the chromosomal architecture of the deuterostome common ancestor and delineate lineage-specific chromosomal modifications. We show that hemichordate chromosomes (1N=23) exhibit remarkable chromosome-scale macrosynteny when compared to other deuterostomes, and can be derived from 24 deuterostome ancestral linkage groups (ALGs). These deuterostome ALGs in turn match previously inferred bilaterian ALGs, consistent with a relatively short transition from the last common bilaterian ancestor to the origin of deuterostomes. Based on this deuterostome ALG complement, we deduced chromosomal rearrangement events that occurred in different lineages. For example, a fusion-with-mixing event produced an Ambulacraria-specific ALG that subsequently split into two chromosomes in extant hemichordates, while this homologous ALG further fused with another chromosome in sea urchins. Orthologous genes distributed in these rearranged chromosomes are enriched for functions in various developmental processes. We found that the deeply conserved Hox clusters are located in highly rearranged chromosomes but have lower densities of transposable elements within the clusters. We also provide evidence that the deuterostome-specific pharyngeal gene cluster was established via the combination of three pre-assembled microsyntenic blocks. We suggest that since chromosomal rearrangement events and formation of new gene clusters may change the regulatory controls of developmental genes, these events may have contributed to the evolution of diverse body plans among deuterostomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marletaz, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez-Posada, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez Garcia, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schloissnig, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peluso, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conception, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bump, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chou, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, T.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, C.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez Skarmeta, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tena, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lowe, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rank, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rokhsar, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.01.564642</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chromosome-level genome assemblies of two hemichordates provide new insights into deuterostome origin and chromosome evolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.11.06.565867v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mime-seq 2.0: a method to sequence microRNAs from specific mouse cell types 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.11.06.565867v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many microRNAs (miRNAs) are expressed with high spatiotemporal specificity during organismal development, with some being limited to rare cell types, often embedded in complex tissues. Yet most miRNA profiling efforts remain at the tissue and organ levels. To overcome challenges in accessing the microRNomes from tissue-embedded cells, we had previously developed mime-seq (miRNome by methylation dependent sequencing), a technique in which cell-specific miRNA methylation in C. elegans and Drosophila enabled chemo-selective sequencing without the need for cell sorting or biochemical purification. Here, we present mime-seq 2.0 for profiling miRNAs from specific mouse cell types. We engineered a chimeric RNA methyltransferase that is tethered to Argonaute and efficiently methylates miRNAs at their 3-terminal 2OH in mouse and human cell lines. We also generated a transgenic mouse for conditional expression of this methyltransferase, which can be used to direct methylation of miRNAs in a cell-type of choice. We validated the use of this mouse by profiling miRNAs from B cells and bone marrow plasma cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mandlbauer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Popitsch, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwickert, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spanova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ameres, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Busslinger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cochella, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.06.565867</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mime-seq 2.0: a method to sequence microRNAs from specific mouse cell types]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.11.30.569375v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PP2A-B55alpha,delta phosphatase counteracts Ki67-dependent chromosome individualization during mitosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.11.30.569375v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell cycle progression is regulated by the orderly balance between kinase and phosphatase activities. PP2A phosphatase holoenzymes containing the B55 family of regulatory B subunits (PP2A-B55) function as major CDK1-counteracting phosphatases during mitotic exit in mammals. However, the identification of the specific mitotic roles of these PP2A-B55 complexes has been hindered by the existence of multiple B55 isoforms. Here, through the generation of loss-of-function genetic mouse models for the two ubiquitous B55 isoforms (B55 and B55{delta}), we report that PP2A-B55 /{delta} complexes display overlapping roles in controlling the dynamics of proper chromosome individualization and clustering during mitosis. In the absence of PP2A-B55/{delta} activity, mitotic cells display increased chromosome individualization in the presence of enhanced phosphorylation and perichromosomal loading of Ki-67. These data provide experimental evidence for a new regulatory mechanism by which the balance between kinase and PP2A-B55 phosphatase activity controls the Ki-67-mediated spatial organization of the mass of chromosomes during mitosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sanz-Flores, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruiz-Torres, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguirre-Portoles, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El-Bakkali, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salvador-Barbero, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villarroya-Beltri, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ortega, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Megias, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerlich, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarez-Fernandez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malumbres, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.30.569375</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PP2A-B55alpha,delta phosphatase counteracts Ki67-dependent chromosome individualization during mitosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.11.30.569392v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pre-mRNA fate decision safeguards the fidelity of the inflammatory response 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.11.30.569392v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The fidelity of immune responses depends on a timely controlled and selective mRNA degradation that is largely driven by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs)[1, 2]. It remains unclear whether the selection of an individual mRNA molecule for degradation is governed by stochastic or directed processes. Here, we show that tristetraprolin (TTP, also known as ZFP36), an essential anti-inflammatory RBP[3], destabilizes target mRNAs via a hierarchical molecular assembly. The formation of the assembly strictly relies on the interaction of TTP with RNA. The TTP homolog ZFP36L1 exhibits similar requirements, indicating a broader relevance of this regulatory program. Unexpectedly, the assembly of the cytoplasmic mRNA-destabilization complex is licensed in the nucleus by TTP binding to pre-mRNA, while mature cytoplasmic mRNA does not constitute a de novo TTP target. Hence, the fate of an inflammation-induced mRNA is decided concomitantly with its synthesis. This decision mechanism prevents the translation of superfluous and potentially harmful inflammation mediators, ensuring an efficient cessation of the immune response, irrespective of transcriptional activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bestehorn, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fesselet, J. A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Didusch, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeiler, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doppelmayer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borroni, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Heron, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pfanzagl, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scinicariello, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baccarini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Versteeg, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartl, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kovarik, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.30.569392</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pre-mRNA fate decision safeguards the fidelity of the inflammatory response]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.11.30.569397v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The C-terminus of CFAP410 forms a tetrameric helical bundle that is essential for its localization to the basal body 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.11.30.569397v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cilia are antenna-like organelles protruding from the surface of many cell types in the human body. Defects in ciliary structure or function often lead to diseases that are collectively called ciliopathies. Cilia and flagella associated protein 410 (CFAP410) localizes at the basal body of cilia/flagella and plays essential roles in ciliogenesis, neuronal development, and DNA damage repair. It remains unknown how its specific basal body location is achieved. Multiple single amino acid mutations in CFAP410 have been identified in patients with various ciliopathies. One of the mutations, L224P, is located in the C-terminal domain (CTD) of human CFAP410 and causes severe spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, axial (SMDAX). However, the molecular mechanism for how the mutation causes the disorder remains unclear. Here, we report our structural studies on the CTD of CFAP410 from three distantly related organisms, Homo sapiens, Trypanosoma brucei, and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The crystal structures reveal that the three proteins all adopt the same conformation as a tetrameric helical bundle. Our work further demonstrates that the tetrameric assembly of the CTD is essential for the correct localization of CFAP410 in T. brucei, as the L224P mutation that disassembles the tetramer disrupts its basal body localization. Taken together, our studies reveal that the basal body localization of CFAP410 is controlled by the CTD and provide a mechanistic explanation for how the mutation L224P in CFAP410 causes ciliopathies in humans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stadler, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alonso-Gil, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zagrovic, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaughan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sunter, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.30.569397</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The C-terminus of CFAP410 forms a tetrameric helical bundle that is essential for its localization to the basal body]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.12.05.570121v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
IGF2BP1 phosphorylation regulates ribonucleoprotein condensate formation by impairing low-affinity protein and RNA interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.12.05.570121v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein (IGF2BP1) is a conserved RNA-binding protein that regulates RNA stability, localization, and translation. IGF2BP1 is part of various ribonucleoprotein (RNP) condensates regulating RNA outputs. However, the mechanism that regulates its assembly into condensates remains unknown. Here we found, using proteomics, that IGF2BP1 phosphorylation at S181 in a disordered linker is regulated in a stress-dependent manner. Phosphomimetic mutations in two disordered linkers, S181E and Y396E, modulated RNP condensate formation by IGF2BP1 without impacting its binding affinity for RNA. Intriguingly, the S181E mutant, which lies in linker 1, impaired IGF2BP1 condensate formation in vitro and in cells, whereas a Y396E mutant in the second linker increased condensate size and dynamics. Structural approaches showed that the first linker binds RNAs nonspecifically through its RGG/RG motif, an interaction weakened in the S181E mutant. Notably, linker 2 interacts with IGF2BP1s folded domains and these interactions were partially impaired in the Y396E mutant. Our data reveal how phosphorylation modulates low affinity interaction networks in disordered linkers to regulate RNP condensate formation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hornegger, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muratovic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anisimova, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burgeois, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spinetti, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Covino, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madl, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karagoz, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.05.570121</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[IGF2BP1 phosphorylation regulates ribonucleoprotein condensate formation by impairing low-affinity protein and RNA interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.12.06.570399v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enhancer cooperativity can compensate for loss of activity over large genomic distances 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.12.06.570399v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Enhancers are short DNA sequences that activate their target promoter from a distance; however, increasing the genomic distance between the enhancer and the promoter decreases expression levels. Many genes are controlled by combinations of multiple enhancers, yet the interaction and cooperation of individual enhancer elements is not well understood. Here, we developed a novel synthetic platform that allows building complex regulatory landscapes from the bottom up. We tested the system by integrating individual enhancers at different distances and revealed that the strength of an enhancer determines how strongly it is affected by increased genomic distance. Furthermore, synergy between two enhancer elements depends on the distance at which the two elements are integrated: introducing a weak enhancer between a strong enhancer and the promoter strongly increases reporter gene expression, allowing enhancers to activate from increased genomic distances.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Thomas, H. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huber, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LOUBIERE, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vanina, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pitasi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stark, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buecker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.06.570399</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enhancer cooperativity can compensate for loss of activity over large genomic distances]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.12.14.571707v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The dimorphic diaspore model Aethionema arabicum (Brassicaceae): Distinct molecular and morphological control of responses to parental and germination temperatures 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.12.14.571707v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plants in habitats with unpredictable conditions are often characterized by diversifying their bet-hedging strategies that ensure fitness over a wider range of variable environmental factors. A striking example is the diaspore (seed and fruit) heteromorphism that evolved to maximize species survival in Aethionema arabicum (Brassicaceae) in which external and endogenous triggers allow the production of two distinct diaspores on the same plant. Using this dimorphic diaspore model, we identified contrasting molecular, biophysical, and ecophysiological mechanisms in the germination responses to different temperatures of the mucilaginous seeds (M+ seed morphs), the dispersed indehiscent fruits (IND fruit morphs), and the bare non-mucilaginous M- seeds obtained by pericarp (fruit coat) removal from IND fruits. Large-scale comparative transcriptome and hormone analyses of M+ seeds, IND fruits, and M- seeds provided comprehensive datasets for their distinct thermal responses. Morph-specific differences in co-expressed gene modules in seeds, as well as seed and pericarp hormone contents identified a role of the IND pericarp in imposing coat dormancy by generating hypoxia affecting ABA sensitivity. This involved expression of morph-specific transcription factors, hypoxia response and cell wall-remodeling genes, as well as altered abscisic acid (ABA) metabolism, transport, and signaling. Parental temperature affected ABA contents and ABA-related gene expression and altered IND pericarp biomechanical properties. Elucidating the molecular framework underlying the diaspore heteromorphism can provide insight into developmental responses to globally changing temperatures.

IN A NUTSHELL BackgroundHeteromorphic diaspores (fruits and seeds) are an adaptive bet-hedging strategy to ensure survival in spatiotemporally variable environments. The stone cress Aethionema arabicum, an annual plant native to semi-arid habitats in Anatolia (Turkey), one of the worlds hotspots of biodiversity. It is a close relative of Arabidopsis, rapeseed, cabbage and other Brassica crops, but in contrast to these Ae. arabicum disperses two distinct diaspores from the same plant. These dimorphic diaspores are the mucilaginous seeds (dispersed by pod shatter) and indehiscent fruits (dispersed by abscission). The wing-like pericarp (fruit coat) of the single-seeded indehiscent fruit allows wind dispersal over large distances. The amounts and ratios of the dimorphic diaspores are variable and depend on the environmental conditions. The dimorphic diaspores differ in morphology, dormancy and germination properties and thereby make Ae. arabicum an excellent model for the comparative investigation of the underpinning molecular mechanisms.

QuestionWe asked how temperature during fruit and seed formation and during seed germination affect dormancy release and germination speed, and how the morphology, hormonal regulation, and the expression of genes differ between the dimorphic diaspores.

FindingsLarge-scale comparative transcriptome and hormone analyses of the mucilaginous seeds and the indehiscent fruits, as well as the seeds artificially extracted from indehiscent fruits by pericarp (fruit coat) removal, provided comprehensive datasets for their distinct thermal responses. Material obtained from plants grown at different temperatures during reproduction was imbibed at different temperatures for germination. This altered the abscisic acid (ABA) metabolism and the pericarp biomechanical properties. Diaspore-specific differences in response to distinct imbibition temperatures identified distinct gene expression patterns in seeds, distinct seed and pericarp hormone contents, and a role of the pericarp in generating hypoxia inside the fruit and imposing coat dormancy. This revealed distinct combinations of specific transcription factors, hypoxia responses and cell wall-remodeling genes, as well as altered signaling pathway genes.

Next stepsOur large-scale comparative transcriptome datasets are easily and publicly accessible via the Aethionema arabicum web portal (https://plantcode.cup.uni-freiburg.de/aetar_db/index.php). We plan to expand this by future work on seedlings derived from the dimorphic diaspores, by comparing different Ae. arabicum genotypes, and by studying responses to specific stresses. Understanding the molecular basis of this fascinating example of developmental diversity and plasticity and its regulation by temperature is expected to add insight how plants respond to changing environmental conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chandler, J. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilhelmsson, P. K. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez-Pozo, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graeber, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arshad, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinbrecher, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ullrich, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, T.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merai, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mummenhoff, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Theissen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strnad, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mittelsten Scheid, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schranz, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petrik, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tarkowska, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novak, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rensing, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leubner-Metzger, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.14.571707</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The dimorphic diaspore model Aethionema arabicum (Brassicaceae): Distinct molecular and morphological control of responses to parental and germination temperatures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.12.20.572533v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MUT-7 exoribonuclease activity and localisation are mediated by an ancient domain 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.12.20.572533v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The MUT-7 family of 3-5 exoribonucleases is evolutionarily conserved across the animal kingdom and plays essential roles in small RNA production in the germline. Most MUT-7 homologs carry a C-terminal domain of unknown function named MUT7-C appended to the exoribonuclease domain. Our analysis shows that the MUT7-C is evolutionary ancient, as a minimal version of the domain exists as an individual protein in prokaryotes. In animals, MUT7-C has acquired an insertion that diverged during evolution, expanding its functions. C. elegans MUT-7 contains a specific insertion within MUT7-C, which allows binding to MUT-8 and, consequently, MUT-7 recruitment to germ granules. In addition, in C. elegans and human MUT-7, the MUT7-C domain contributes to RNA binding and is thereby crucial for nuclease activity. This RNA-binding function most likely represents the ancestral function of the MUT7-C domain. Overall, this study sheds light on MUT7-C and assigns two functions to this previously uncharacterised domain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Busetto, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pshanichnaya, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lichtenberger, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hann, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ketting, R. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Falk, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.20.572533</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MUT-7 exoribonuclease activity and localisation are mediated by an ancient domain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.01.05.574354v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Joint estimation of paternity, sibships and pollen dispersal in a snapdragon hybrid zone 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.01.05.574354v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
1Inferring genealogical relationships of wild populations is useful because it gives direct estimates of mating patterns and variance in reproductive success. Inference can be improved by including information about parentage shared between siblings, or by modelling pheno-types or population data related to mating. However, we currently lack a framework to infer parent-offspring relationships, sibships, and population parameters in a single analysis. To address this we here extend a previous method Fractional Analysis of Paternity and Sibships to include population data for the case where one parent is known. We illustrate this with the example of pollen dispersal in a natural hybrid zone population of the snapdragon Antirrhinum majus. Pollen dispersal is leptokurtic, with half of mating events occurring within 30m, but with a long tail of mating events up to 859m. Using simulations we find that both sibship and population information substantially improve pedigree reconstruction, and that we can expect to resolve median dispersal distances with high accuracy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ellis, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Field, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barton, N. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-01-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.01.05.574354</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Joint estimation of paternity, sibships and pollen dispersal in a snapdragon hybrid zone]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-01-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.01.04.574198v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
KATANIN-mediated microtubule severing is required for MTOC formation and function in Marchantia polymorpha 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.01.04.574198v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microtubule organising centres (MTOCs) are sites of localised microtubule nucleation in eukaryotic cells. Regulation of microtubule dynamics often involves KATANIN (KTN); a microtubule severing enzyme which cuts microtubules to generate new negative ends leading to catastrophic depolymerisation. In Arabidopsis thaliana, KTN is required for the organisation of microtubules in the cell cortex, preprophase band, mitotic spindle and phragmoplast. However, as angiosperms lack MTOCs, the role of KTN in MTOC formation has yet to be studied in plants. Two unique MTOCs - the polar organisers - form on opposing sides of the prophase nucleus in liverworts. Here we show that KTN-mediated microtubule depolymerisation is required for the de novo formation of polar organisers in the liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha. In Mpktn mutants that lack KTN function, the formation, shape, number, and function of polar organisers is defective. This is in addition to defective microtubule organisation in the cell cortex, preprophase band, mitotic spindle, and phragmoplast. These data demonstrate that KTN-mediated microtubule dynamics are required for the formation of liverwort-specific MTOCs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Attrill, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dolan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-01-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.01.04.574198</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[KATANIN-mediated microtubule severing is required for MTOC formation and function in Marchantia polymorpha]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-01-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.01.08.574645v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Long days induce adaptive secondary dormancy in seed of the Mediterranean plant Aethionema arabicum 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.01.08.574645v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Secondary dormancy is an adaptive trait that increases reproductive success by aligning seed germination with permissive conditions for seedling establishment. Aethionema arabicum is an annual plant and member of the Brassicaceae that grows in environments characterized by hot and dry summers. Aethionema arabicum seeds may germinate in early spring when seedling establishment is permissible. We demonstrate that long-day light regimes induce secondary dormancy in seed of Aethionema arabicum (CYP accession) repressing germination in summer when seedling establishment is riskier. Characterization of mutants screened for defective secondary dormancy demonstrated that RGL2 mediates repression of genes involved in GA signalling. Exposure to high temperature alleviates secondary dormancy, restoring germination potential. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that long-day-induced secondary dormancy and its alleviation by high temperatures, may be part of an adaptive response limiting germination to conditions permissive for seedling establishment in spring and autumn.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Merai, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graeber, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dona, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lalatovic, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilhelmsson, P. K. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez-Pozo, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rensing, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leubner-Metzger, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mittelsten Scheid, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dolan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-01-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.01.08.574645</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Long days induce adaptive secondary dormancy in seed of the Mediterranean plant Aethionema arabicum]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-01-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.12.21.572892v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SMC motor proteins extrude DNA asymmetrically and contain a direction switch 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.12.21.572892v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes (SMC) complexes organize the genome via DNA loop extrusion. While some SMCs were reported to do so symmetrically, reeling DNA from both sides into the extruded DNA loop simultaneously, others perform loop extrusion asymmetrically toward one direction only. The mechanism underlying this variability remains unclear. Here, we examine the directionality of DNA loop extrusion by SMCs using in vitro single-molecule experiments. We find that cohesin and SMC5/6 do not reel in DNA from both sides, as reported before, but instead extrude DNA asymmetrically, while the direction can switch over time. Asymmetric DNA loop extrusion thus is the shared mechanism across all eukaryotic SMC complexes. For cohesin, direction switches strongly correlate with the turnover of the subunit NIPBL, during which DNA strand switching may occur. STAG1 stabilizes NIPBL on cohesin, preventing NIPBL turnover and direction switches. The findings reveal that SMCs, surprisingly, contain a direction switch subunit.

HighlightsO_LIAll eukaryotic SMC complexes extrude DNA asymmetrically.
C_LIO_LIApparent  symmetric loop extrusion is the result of frequent direction switches.
C_LIO_LIn human cohesin, loop-extrusion direction changes require exchange of NIPBL.
C_LIO_LISTAG1 stabilizes NIPBL on human cohesin.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barth, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Torre, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taschner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruber, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dekker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.21.572892</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SMC motor proteins extrude DNA asymmetrically and contain a direction switch]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.01.03.574108v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell transcriptional dynamics in a living vertebrate 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.01.03.574108v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ability to quantify transcriptional dynamics in individual cells via live imaging has revolutionized our understanding of gene regulation. However, such measurements are lacking in the context of vertebrate embryos. We addressed this deficit by applying MS2-MCP mRNA labeling to the quantification of transcription in zebrafish, a model vertebrate. We developed a platform of transgenic organisms, light sheet fluorescence microscopy, and optimized image analysis that enables visualization and quantification of MS2 reporters. With these tools, we obtained single-cell, real-time measurements of transcriptional dynamics of the segmentation clock. Our measurements challenge the traditional view of smooth clock oscillations and instead suggest a model of discrete transcriptional bursts that are organized in space and time. Together, these results highlight how measuring single-cell transcriptional activity in the context of vertebrate organisms can reveal unexpected features of gene regulation and how this data can fuel the dialogue between theory and experiment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Eck, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moretti, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlomann, B. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bragantini, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lange, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>VijayKumar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valentin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loureiro, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soroldoni, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Royer, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oates, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, H. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-01-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.01.03.574108</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell transcriptional dynamics in a living vertebrate]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-01-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.01.20.576400v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bioengineering a plant NLR immune receptor with a robust binding interface towards a conserved fungal pathogen effector 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.01.20.576400v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bioengineering of plant immune receptors has emerged as a key strategy for generating novel disease resistance traits to counteract the expanding threat of plant pathogens to global food security. However, current approaches are limited by rapid evolution of plant pathogens in the field and may lack durability when deployed. Here, we show that the rice nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptor Pik-1 can be engineered to respond to a conserved family of effectors from the multihost blast fungus pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. We switched the effector binding and response profile of the Pik NLR from its cognate rice blast effector AVR-Pik to the host-determining factor Pwl2 by installing a putative host target, OsHIPP43, in place of the native integrated HMA domain (generating Pikm-1OsHIPP43). This chimeric receptor also responded to other PWL alleles from diverse blast isolates. The crystal structure of the Pwl2/OsHIPP43 complex revealed a multifaceted, robust interface that cannot be easily disrupted by mutagenesis, and may therefore provide durable, broad resistance to blast isolates carrying PWL effectors in the field. Our findings highlight how the host targets of pathogen effectors can be used to bioengineer new recognition specificities that have more robust properties compared to naturally evolved disease resistance genes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zdrzalek, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Langner, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bentham, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petit-Houdenot, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De la Concepcion, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harant, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shimizu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Were, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Talbot, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Terauchi, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamoun, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banfield, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-01-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.01.20.576400</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bioengineering a plant NLR immune receptor with a robust binding interface towards a conserved fungal pathogen effector]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-01-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.02.23.581750v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microtubules and actin filaments direct nuclear movement during the polarisation of Marchantia spore cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.02.23.581750v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multicellular organisms typically develop from single cells, the polarity of which establishes the first body axis of the organism. The multicellular haploid stage of land plants develops from a single haploid cell produced by meiosis - the spore. Starting from a non-polar state, these spores develop polarity and divide asymmetrically to establish the first apical-basal axis of the plant body. In the spore of the liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha, we show that the nucleus migrates from the cell centroid to the side of the cell to define the future basal pole. A microtubule organising centre leads this migration by initiating a dense microtubules array towards the cortex at the basal pole. Simultaneously, cortical microtubules disappear from the apical hemisphere but persist near the basal pole. A dense network of fine actin filaments also accumulates between the nucleus and the basal cell cortex. These data demonstrate that microtubules and actin filaments reorganise during the polarisation of the M. polymorpha spore. We speculate that signals orient microtubules and actin filaments during spore polarisation, resulting in the formation of a fine actin filament network between the nucleus and cell cortex that moves the nucleus to the future basal pole.

SUMMARY STATEMENTMicrotubules and actin filament dynamics are required for the basal movement of the nucleus which establishes cell asymmetry before cell division in the Marchantia spore.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dolan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Attrill, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.23.581750</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microtubules and actin filaments direct nuclear movement during the polarisation of Marchantia spore cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.01.30.575011v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
tRNA expression and modification landscapes, and their dynamics during zebrafish embryo development 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.01.30.575011v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
tRNA genes exist in multiple copies in the genome of all organisms across the three domains of life. Besides the sequence differences across tRNA copies, extensive post-transcriptional modification adds a further layer to tRNA diversification. Whilst the crucial role of tRNAs as adapter molecules in protein translation is well established, whether all tRNA are actually expressed, and whether the differences across isodecoders play any regulatory role is only recently being uncovered. Here we built upon recent developments in the use of NGS-based methods for RNA modification detection and developed tRAM-seq, an experimental protocol and in silico analysis pipeline to investigate tRNA expression and modification. Using tRAM-seq we analysed the full ensemble of nucleo-cytoplasmic and mitochondrial tRNAs during embryonic development of the model vertebrate zebrafish. We show that the repertoire of tRNAs changes during development, with an apparent major switch in tRNA isodecoder expression and modification profile taking place around the start of gastrulation. Taken together, our findings suggest the existence of a general reprogramming of the expressed tRNA pool, possibly gearing the translational machinery for distinct stages of the delicate and crucial process of embryo development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rappol, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waldl, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chugunova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hofacker, I. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pauli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vilardo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-01-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.01.30.575011</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[tRNA expression and modification landscapes, and their dynamics during zebrafish embryo development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-01-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.02.01.578358v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Challenging the Astral mass analyzer - going beyond 5200 proteins per single-cell at unseen quantitative accuracy to study cellular heterogeneity. 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.02.01.578358v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A detailed proteome map is crucial for understanding molecular pathways and protein functions. Despite significant advancements in sample preparation, instrumentation, and data analysis, single-cell proteomics is currently limited by proteomic depth and quantitative performance. We combine a zero dead-end volume chromatographic column running at high throughput with the Thermo Scientific Orbitrap Astral mass spectrometer running in DIA mode. We demonstrate unprecedented depth of proteome coverage as well as accuracy and precision for quantification of ultra-low input amounts. Using a tailored library, we identify up to 7400 protein groups from as little as 250 pg HeLa at a throughput of 50 samples per day (SPD). We benchmark multiple data analysis strategies, estimate their influence on FDR and show that FDR on protein level can easily be maintained at 1 %. Using a two-proteome mix, we check for optimal parameters of quantification and show that fold change differences of 2 can still be successfully determined at single-cell level inputs. Eventually, we apply our workflow to A549 cells yielding a proteome coverage of up to 5300 protein groups from a single cell, which allows the observation of heterogeneity in a cellular population and studying dependencies between cell size and cell-cycle phase. Additionally, our work-flow enables us to distinguish between in vitro analogs of two human blastocyst lineages: naive human pluripotent stem cells (epiblast) and trophectoderm (TE)-like cells. Gene Ontology analysis of enriched proteins in TE-like cells harmoniously aligns with transcriptomic data, indicating that single-cell proteomics possesses the capability to identify biologically relevant differences between these two lineages within the blastocyst.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bubis, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arrey, T. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Damoc, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delanghe, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slovakova, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sommer, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kagawa, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pichler, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivron, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mechtler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matzinger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.01.578358</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Challenging the Astral mass analyzer - going beyond 5200 proteins per single-cell at unseen quantitative accuracy to study cellular heterogeneity.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.01.31.577464v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Somite-independent regeneration of the axolotl primary body axis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.01.31.577464v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Primary body-axis development is a highly conserved process that proceeds through somitogenesis and subsequent subdivision into dermatome, myotome, and sclerotome. Defects in somitic-clock genes such as Hes7 lead to vertebral-segmentation defects in mice and fish. Here we show that in the axolotl, although Hes7 is necessary for proper embryonic vertebral segmentation, it is-- surprisingly--dispensable during tail regeneration. We investigated the mechanism of vertebral segmentation during regeneration which initially occurs through extension of a cartilage rod ventral to the spinal cord. We find that the regenerating cartilage rod undergoes a periodic wrinkling that provides a template for vertebral segmentation. Via direct mechanical measurements and biophysical perturbations, we show that a model of compression-induced buckling instability can predict vertebral segmentation. The cartilage rod and other somitic derivatives (muscle, cartilage, tendon, fibroblasts) arise from tendon-like, Lfng+ multi-potent mesenchymal progenitors, which display a gene regulatory state distinct from somitic progenitors. In summary, we uncover a mechanism of vertebral segmentation during axolotl tail regeneration that is distinct from the somite-based developmental mechanism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Masselink, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerber, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Falcon, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deshayes, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papadopoulos, S.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pende, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh Jamwal, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taniguchi-Sugiura, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, T.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurth, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arendt, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fei, J.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Treutlein, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanaka, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murawala, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.01.31.577464</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Somite-independent regeneration of the axolotl primary body axis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.02.01.577722v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The domesticated transposon protein L1TD1 associates with its ancestor L1 ORF1p to promote LINE-1 retrotransposition 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.02.01.577722v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Repression of retrotransposition is crucial for the successful fitness of a mammalian organism. The domesticated transposon protein L1TD1, derived from LINE-1 (L1) ORF1p, is an RNA-binding protein that is expressed only in some cancers and early embryogenesis. In human embryonic stem cells, it is found to be essential for maintaining pluripotency. In cancer, L1TD1 expression is highly correlative with malignancy progression and as such considered a potential prognostic factor for tumors. However, its molecular role in cancer remains largely unknown. Our findings reveal that DNA hypomethylation induces the expression of L1TD1 in HAP1 human tumor cells. L1TD1 depletion significantly modulates both the proteome and transcriptome and thereby reduces cell viability. Notably, L1TD1 associates with L1 transcripts and interacts with L1 ORF1p protein, thereby facilitating L1 retrotransposition. Our data suggest that L1TD1 collaborates with its ancestral L1 ORF1p as an RNA chaperone, ensuring the efficient retrotransposition of L1 retrotransposons, rather than directly impacting the abundance of L1TD1 targets. In this way, L1TD1 might have an important role not only during early development but also in tumorigenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kavaklioglu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Podhornik, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vcelkova, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marjanovic, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beck, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mair, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miccolo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drino, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egger, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiocca, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Modic, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seiser, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.01.577722</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The domesticated transposon protein L1TD1 associates with its ancestor L1 ORF1p to promote LINE-1 retrotransposition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.02.09.579588v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Liquid footprinting: A novel approach for DNA footprinting using short double-stranded cell-free DNA from plasma 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.02.09.579588v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The diagnostic potential of short double-stranded cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in blood plasma has not been recognized, yet. Here, we present a method for enrichment of double-stranded cfDNA with an average length of about 40 base pairs from cfDNA for high-throughput DNA sequencing. This class of cfDNA is enriched at gene promoters and binding sites of transcription factors or structural DNA-binding proteins, so that a genome-wide DNA footprint is directly captured from liquid biopsies. In short double-stranded cfDNA from healthy individuals, we found significant enrichment of 203 transcription factor motifs. Additionally, short double-stranded cfDNA signals at specific genomic regions correlate negatively with DNA-methylation, positively with H3K4me3 histone modifications and gene transcription. When comparing short double-stranded cfDNA from patient samples of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with colorectal carcinoma or septic with post-operative controls, we identified 731 and 1,107 differentially enriched loci, respectively. Using these differentially enriched loci, the disease types can be clearly distinguished by principal component analysis demonstrating the diagnostic potential of short double-stranded cfDNA signals as a new class of biomarkers for liquid biopsies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mueller, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartwig, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirko, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lisa, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christopher, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yevhen, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karolina, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sebastian, D. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thorsten, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Georg, W. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arndt, v. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kai, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.09.579588</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Liquid footprinting: A novel approach for DNA footprinting using short double-stranded cell-free DNA from plasma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.02.15.580426v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Adeno-associated viruses for efficient gene expression in the axolotl nervous system 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.02.15.580426v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Axolotls are models for studying nervous system evolution, development, and regeneration. Tools to visualize and manipulate cells of the axolotl nervous system with high efficiency, spatial and temporal precision are therefore greatly required. Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are frequently used for in vivo gene transfer of the nervous system but virus-mediated gene delivery to the axolotl nervous system has not yet been described. Here, we demonstrate the use of AAVs for efficient gene transfer within the axolotl brain and the retina. We show that serotypes AAV8, AAV9, AAVRG and AAVPHP.eB are suitable viral vectors to infect both excitatory and inhibitory neuronal populations of the axolotl brain. We further use AAV9 to trace retrograde and anterograde projections between the retina and the brain and identify a cell population projecting from the brain to the retina. Together, our work establishes AAVs as a powerful tool to interrogate neuronal organization in the axolotl.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lust, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanaka, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.15.580426</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Adeno-associated viruses for efficient gene expression in the axolotl nervous system]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.12.09.570565v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Fast Interferometric Beam Shaper for Multi-Emitter 3D MINFLUX 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.12.09.570565v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Beams of light that feature an intensity zero are essential to a variety of optical microscopy methods. Super-resolution techniques like STED and RESOLFT, together with localization strategies like MINFLUX and MINSTED, rely on accurate and fast displacements of such beams and their zeros. Extending these methods to the third dimension requires axial deflection, which, in contrast to lateral deflection, remains technologically challenging on the microsecond scale. Here, we present a fast general-purpose beam-shaping polarization interferometer that, instead of displacing the entire beam, enables such axial deflections by deforming the beam shape to deflect its zero. Based on this approach, we showcase a four-channel dual-color excitation system for three-dimensional MINFLUX imaging and tracking. We include first demonstrations of improved MINFLUX localization schemes that utilize the combination of distinct beam shapes and three-dimensional multi-emitter tracking. We believe that the presented approach will facilitate the broader adoption of three dimensional MINFLUX and provides a versatile basis for future implementations of advanced single-molecule localization methods.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Geismann, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez-Segalas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Passera, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shirzadian, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balzarotti, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.09.570565</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Fast Interferometric Beam Shaper for Multi-Emitter 3D MINFLUX]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.02.21.581285v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In-cell structure and snapshots of copia retrotransposons in intact tissue by cryo-electron tomography 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.02.21.581285v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons belong to the transposable elements (TE), autonomously replicating genetic elements that integrate into the hosts genome. LTR retrotransposons represent a major component of genomes across the tree of life; some derived sequences have even been domesticated by the host to perform cellular functions in essential processes such as development. Among animals, Drosophila melanogaster serves as an important model organism for TE research, harboring several LTR retrotransposons, including the Ty1-copia family, which is evolutionarily related to retroviruses and forms virus-like particles (VLPs). The architectural organization of copia VLPs in situ has remained unknown. In this study, we use cryo-FIB milling and lift-out approaches to visualize copia VLPs in isolated ovarian cells and intact egg chambers and resolve the in situ copia capsid structure to 7.7 [A] resolution by cryo-ET. While cytosolic copia VLPs vary in size, nuclear VLPs are homogenous and form densely packed clusters, supporting a model in which nuclear import acts as a size selector. By analyzing flies deficient in the TE-suppressing PIWI-piRNA pathway, we observe a change in copia localization from cytosolic to nuclear during spermatogenesis in testes. Our findings provide insights into the cellular structural biology of an active LTR retrotransposon and shed light on the replication cycle of copia in the context of host gametogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Klumpe, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Senti, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beck, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sachweh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hampoelz, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ronchi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeroslaviz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Briggs, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brennecke, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beck, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plitzko, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.21.581285</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In-cell structure and snapshots of copia retrotransposons in intact tissue by cryo-electron tomography]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.02.22.581531v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Centriolar satellites are sites of translation of centrosomal and ciliary proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.02.22.581531v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Centriolar satellites are cytoplasmic particles found in the vicinity of centrosomes and cilia whose functional contribution to the formation of these cellular structures has long been unclear. By characterizing the main scaffolding component of satellites, PCM1 or Combover in Drosophila, we show that satellites are not involved in cellular trafficking as previously thought but rather act as sites for the coordinate translation of centrosomal and ciliary proteins through the interaction with a set of RNA binding proteins and proteins involved in quality control. Strikingly, the concentration of satellites near centrosomes and cilia in vertebrates is not a conserved feature and therefore dispensable for satellite function. Such coordinate synthesis may be a general feature in eukaryotic cells to facilitate protein complex formation and cellular compartmentalization.

One-Sentence SummaryCentriolar satellites facilitate the coordinate synthesis of centrosomal and ciliary proteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pachinger, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dobbelaere, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rumpf-Kienzl, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raina, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Baucells, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarantseva, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brauneis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dammermann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.22.581531</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Centriolar satellites are sites of translation of centrosomal and ciliary proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.03.16.585326v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Alternative silencing states of Transposable Elements in Arabidopsis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.03.16.585326v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The DNA methylation/H3K9me2 and Polycomb-group proteins (PcG)-H3K27me3 pathways have long been considered mutually exclusive and specific to TEs and genes, respectively. However, H3K27me3 can be recruited to many TEs in the absence of DNA methylation machinery and sometimes also co-occur with DNA methylation. In this study, we show that TEs can also be solely targeted by H3K27me3 in wild-type Arabidopsis plants. These H3K27me3-marked TEs not only comprise degenerate relics but also seemingly intact copies that display the epigenetic features of responsive PcG target genes as well as an active H3K27me3 regulation. We also show that H3K27me3 can be deposited on newly inserted transgenic TE sequences in a TE-specific manner indicating that silencing is determined in cis. Finally, comparison of Arabidopsis natural accessions reveals the existence of a category of TEs - which we refer to as "bifrons" - that are marked by DNA methylation or H3K27me3 depending on the ecotype. This variation can be linked to intrinsic TE features and to trans- acting factors, and reveals a change in epigenetic status across TE lifespan. Our study sheds light on an alternative mode of TE silencing associated with H3K27me3 instead of DNA methylation in flowering plants. It also suggests dynamic switching between the two epigenetic marks at the species level, a new paradigm that might extend to other multicellular eukaryotes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hure, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piron-Prunier, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yehouessi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vitte, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kornienko, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adam, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nordborg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deleris, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.16.585326</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Alternative silencing states of Transposable Elements in Arabidopsis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.03.11.584447v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distinct intersecting pathways link homolog pairing to initiation of meiotic chromosome synapsis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.03.11.584447v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Faithful meiotic segregation requires pairwise alignment of the homologous chromosomes and Synaptonemal Complex assembly (SC) at their interface. Here, we investigate on new factors that promote and coordinate these events during C. elegans meiosis. We identify BRA-2 (BMP Receptor Associated family member 2) as an interactor of HIM-17, previously shown to promote double-strand break formation. We found that loss of bra-2 specifically impairs synapsis licensing without affecting homologs recognition, SC maintenance or chromosome movement. Double mutant analysis revealed a previously unrecognized role for HIM-17 in promoting homolog pairing under dysfunctional SC assembly, without perturbing nuclear envelope recruitment of factors required for chromosome movement. We provide evidence that bra-2 and him-17 act in distinct pathways, exerting partially redundant functions in SC licensing, as well as separable roles in regulating homologs pairing. Altogether, our findings unveil novel mechanisms that ensure stabilization of homologous chromosome interaction via SC licensing upon homology assessment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Blazickova, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trivedi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geetha, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subah, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smolikove, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jantsch, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zetka, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.11.584447</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distinct intersecting pathways link homolog pairing to initiation of meiotic chromosome synapsis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.03.13.584568v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The dynamic genomes of Hydra and the anciently active repeat complement of animal chromosomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.03.13.584568v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many animal genomes are characterized by highly conserved chromosomal homologies that pre-date the ancient origin of this clade. Despite such conservation, the evolutionary forces behind the retention, expansion, and contraction of chromosomal elements, and the resulting macro-evolutionary implications, are unknown. Here we present a comprehensive stem-cell resolved genomic and transcriptomic study of the fresh-water cnidarian Hydra, an animal characterized by its high regenerative capacity, the ability to propagate clonally, and an apparent lack of aging. Using single-haplotype telomere-to-telomere genome assemblies of two recently diverged hydra strains, we show how the macro-evolutionary history of chromosomal elements is shaped by both old and recent transposable element (TE) expansions. Unique features of hydra biology allowed us to compare the individual genomes of hydras three stem cell lineages. We show that distinct TE families are active at both transcriptional and genomic levels via non-random insertions in the genomes of each of these lineages. In transcriptomes, over 14,000 transcripts were composed of nearly complete TE sequences, and further classification into families, subfamilies, and individual loci reveals cell type-specific TE expression. The active TEs include elements that differentially contribute to changes in the genome size as well as persistent structural variants around loci associated with cell proliferation. Our study reveals 14 active TE families that primarily act in this role and are predominantly composed of DNA elements. Evolutionary analysis revealed that these families constitute a highly conserved TE core in eukaryotic and metazoan genomes. Our results suggest an ancient role for these core TEs as self-renewing genomic components that persist beyond ancient chromosomal homologies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kon-Nanjo, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kon, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koubkova Yu, T. C.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez-Terrones, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Falcon, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steele, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanaka, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holstein, T. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simakov, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.13.584568</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The dynamic genomes of Hydra and the anciently active repeat complement of animal chromosomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.03.15.584978v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Elongation capacity of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the annelid Platynereis dumerilii 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.03.15.584978v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In animals, elongation of very long-chain fatty acid (Elovl) proteins play pivotal functions in the biosynthesis of fatty acids, including the physiologically essential long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA). Polychaetes have important roles in marine ecosystems, contributing not only to nutrient recycling but also exhibiting a distinctive capacity for biosynthesising LC-PUFA, as emphasised in previous research. In order to expand our current understanding of the LC-PUFA biosynthesis in polychaetes, the present study conducted a thorough molecular and functional characterisation of Elovl occurring in the model organism Platynereis dumerilii. In this study, we identify six Elovl proteins in the genome of P. dumerilii. The sequence and phylogenetic analyses established that four Elovl, identified as Elovl2/5, Elovl4 (two genes) and Elovl1/7, have putative functions in the LC-PUFA biosynthesis. Functional characterisation in yeast confirmed the roles of these elongases in the LC-PUFA biosynthetic pathways, demonstrating that P. dumerilii possesses a varied and functionally diverse complement of Elovl enzymes that, along the enzymatic specificities of previously characterised desaturases, enable P. dumerilii to perform all the reactions required for the biosynthesis of the LC-PUFA. Importantly, we uncovered that one of the two Elovl4-encoding genes from P. dumerilii is remarkably long in comparison with any other animals Elovl, which contains a C terminal KH domain unique among Elovl enzymes. The distinctive expression pattern of this protein in photoreceptors strongly suggests a central role in vision.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ramos-Llorens, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bainour, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adelmann, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hontoria, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Navarro, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raible, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monroig, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.15.584978</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Elongation capacity of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the annelid Platynereis dumerilii]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.11.04.515048v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeted metagenomics using probe capture detects a larger diversity of nitrogen and methane cycling genes in complex microbial communities than traditional metagenomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.11.04.515048v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microorganisms are key players in the global cycling of nitrogen (N) and carbon (C), controlling their availability and fluxes, including the emissions of the powerful greenhouse gases nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4). Characterizing the microbial functional guilds driving these processes is crucial for understanding ecosystem functioning and predicting their responses to environmental changes. Standard sequence-based characterization methods often reveal only a limited fraction of their diversity in nature because of their low relative abundance, the insufficient sequencing depth of traditional metagenomes of complex communities, and limitations in coverage of PCR-based assays. Here, we developed and tested a targeted metagenomics approach based on probe capture and hybridization to simultaneously characterize the diversity of multiple key metabolic genes involved in inorganic N and CH4 cycling. We designed comprehensive probe libraries for each of the 14 target marker genes comprising 264,000 unique probes. These probes were used to selectively enrich the target genes in shotgun metagenomic libraries. In validation experiments with the mock communities of known microorganisms, targeted metagenomics yielded gene profiles similar to those of the original communities. Only GC content had a small effect on probe efficiency, as low GC targets were less efficiently detected than those with high GC, within the mock communities. Furthermore, the relative abundances of the marker genes obtained using targeted or traditional shotgun metagenomics from agricultural and wetland soils were significantly correlated, indicating that the targeted approach did not introduce significant quantitative bias. In addition, using archaeal amoA genes as a case-study, targeted metagenomics identified substantially higher taxonomic diversity and a larger number of sequence reads per sample, yielding diversity estimates 28 or 1.24 times higher than shotgun metagenomics or amplicon sequencing, respectively. Notably, shotgun metagenomics detected only three out of the 84 amoA gene phylotypes detected using targeted metagenomics. Our results show that targeted metagenomics complements current approaches to characterize key microbial populations and functional guilds in biogeochemical cycles in different ecosystems, enabling more detailed, simultaneous characterization of multiple functional genes.

Manuscript contribution to the fieldMetagenomic sequencing often yields limited numbers of sequences of rare microbial taxa or functional genes, preventing in-depth analyses of specific populations and functional groups. Amplicon-based approaches enable the higher diversity coverage of target populations, but the drawback is the difficulty in designing unbiased primers that cover the highest intra-group diversity. Targeted metagenomics overcomes these challenges and results in similar community structure as traditional amplicon sequencing, while expanding the sequence space in a less biased metagenomic-based approach. Therefore, targeted metagenomics is an invaluable tool for studying the diversity of specific populations within complex natural microbiomes. Here, we present and evaluate a probe library designed for targeted metagenomics of nitrogen and methane cycling genes in complex communities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Siljanen, H. M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manoharan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hilts, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagnoud, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alves, R. J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sousa, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hallin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biasi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schleper, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.04.515048</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeted metagenomics using probe capture detects a larger diversity of nitrogen and methane cycling genes in complex microbial communities than traditional metagenomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.03.22.586328v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
All eukaryotic SMC proteins induce a twist of -0.6 at each DNA-loop-extrusion step 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.03.22.586328v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Eukaryotes carry three types of Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes (SMC) protein complexes, condensin, cohesin, and SMC5/6, which are ATP-dependent motor proteins that remodel the genome via DNA loop extrusion. SMCs modulate DNA supercoiling, but it has remained incompletely understood how this is achieved. Here we present a single-molecule magnetic tweezers assay that directly measures how much twist is induced by an individual SMC in each loop-extrusion step. We demonstrate that all three SMC complexes induce the same large negative twist (i.e., a linking number change {Delta}Lk of -0.6 at each loop-extrusion step) into the extruded loop, independent of step size. Using ATP-hydrolysis mutants and non-hydrolysable ATP analogues, we find that ATP binding is the twist-inducing event during the ATPase cycle, which coincides with the force-generating loop-extrusion step. The fact that all three eukaryotic SMC proteins induce the same amount of twist indicates a common DNA-loop-extrusion mechanism among these SMC complexes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Janissen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barth, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, I. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taschner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruber, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dekker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.22.586328</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[All eukaryotic SMC proteins induce a twist of -0.6 at each DNA-loop-extrusion step]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.04.03.587901v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Atypical epigenetic and small RNA control of transposons in clonally reproducing Spirodela polyrhiza. 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.04.03.587901v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A handful of model plants have provided insight into silencing of transposable elements (TEs) through RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM). Guided by 24-nt long small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs), this epigenetic regulation installs DNA methylation and histone modifications like H3K9me2, which can be subsequently maintained independently of siRNAs. However, the genome of the clonally propagating duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza (Lemnaceae) has low levels of DNA methylation, very low expression of RdDM components, and near absence of 24-nt siRNAs. Moreover, some genes encoding RdDM factors, DNA methylation maintenance, and RNA silencing mechanisms are missing from the genome. Here, we investigated the distribution of TEs and their epigenetic marks in the Spirodela genome. While abundant degenerated TEs have largely lost DNA methylation and H3K9me2 is low, they remain marked by the heterochromatin associated H3K9me1 and H3K27me1 modifications. By contrast, we found high levels of DNA methylation and H3K9me2 in the relatively few intact TEs which are source of 24-nt siRNAs like RdDM-controlled TEs in other angiosperms. The data suggest that, potentially as adaptation to vegetative propagation, RdDM extent, silencing components, and targets are different from other angiosperms, preferentially focused on potentially intact TEs. It also provides evidence for heterochromatin maintenance independently of DNA methylation in flowering plants. These discoveries highlight the diversity of silencing mechanisms that exist in plants and the importance of using disparate model species to discover these mechanisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dombey, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barragan-Borrero, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buendia-Avila, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ponce-Mane, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vargas-Guerrero, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elias, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mari-Ordonez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.03.587901</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Atypical epigenetic and small RNA control of transposons in clonally reproducing Spirodela polyrhiza.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.03.24.586400v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A molecular switch orchestrates the nuclear export of human messenger RNA 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.03.24.586400v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The nuclear export of messenger RNA (mRNA) is a key step in eukaryotic gene expression (Kohler and Hurt, 2007). Despite recent insights into the packaging of newly transcribed mRNAs into ribonucleoprotein complexes (mRNPs) (Pacheco-Fiallos et al., 2023; Bonneau et al., 2023), the subsequent events that govern mRNA export are poorly understood. Here, we elucidate the molecular basis of human mRNA export licensing, which involves the remodeling of mRNP-bound transcription-export complexes (TREX), the formation of export-competent mRNPs, the docking of mRNPs at the nuclear pore complex (NPC), and the release of mRNPs at the NPC to initiate export. Our biochemical and structural data uncover the ATPase DDX39/UAP56 as a central molecular switch that directs mRNPs through the TREX and the NPC-anchored TREX-2 complexes using its ATPase and mRNA-binding cycle. Collectively, these findings establish a mechanistic framework for a general and conserved mRNA export pathway.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hohmann, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graf, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schellhaas, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pacheco-Fiallos, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riabov-Bassat, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pühringer, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szalay, M.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tirian, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Handler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brennecke, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plaschka, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.24.586400</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A molecular switch orchestrates the nuclear export of human messenger RNA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.04.05.588241v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reconstructing bat antiviral immunity using epithelial organoids 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.04.05.588241v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bats are remarkably resilient to viruses with pandemic potential. To resolve largely unknown molecular mechanisms governing their exceptional antiviral immunity, we established an organoid platform to model the entire respiratory airway and intestinal epithelium of the important viral reservoir species Rousettus aegyptiacus (Egyptian fruit bat). These bat organoids exhibit an unexpected diversity of cell types and support replication of highly pathogenic zoonotic viruses including Marburg virus (MARV) and MERS-Coronavirus. Following virus infection, bat organoids unleash a strong interferon response, uniquely regulated through virus-dependent and virus-independent mechanisms. By contrast, MARV infected human organoids fail to induce an antiviral gene response and express pro-inflammatory cytokines after interferon stimulation, revealing important molecular differences between bats and humans with implications for lethal Marburg virus infections in primates. These data provide the most comprehensive organoid platform in bats to decode species-specific differences and uncover fundamental principles of bat disease resilience to emerging viruses with pandemic potential.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kellner, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zelger, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monteil, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pei, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Onji, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nayak, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zilbauer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balkema-Buschmann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorhoi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirazimi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penninger, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.05.588241</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reconstructing bat antiviral immunity using epithelial organoids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.04.10.588794v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Profiling microRNA expression during senescence and aging: mining for a diagnostic tool of senescent-cell burden 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.04.10.588794v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the last decade cellular senescence, a hallmark of aging, has come into focus for pharmacologically targeting aging processes. Senolytics are one of these interventive strategies that have advanced into clinical trials, creating an unmet need for minimally invasive biomarkers of senescent cell load to identify patients at need for senotherapy. We created a landscape of miRNA and mRNA expression in five human cell types induced to senescence in-vitro and provide proof-of-principle evidence that miRNA expression can track senescence burden dynamically in-vivo using transgenic p21high senescent cell clearance in HFD fed mice. Finally, we profiled miRNA expression in seven different tissues, total plasma, and plasma derived EVs of young and 25 months old mice. In a systematic analysis, we identified 22 candidate senomiRs with potential to serve as circulating biomarkers of senescence not only in rodents, but also in upcoming human clinical senolytic trials.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Weigl, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krammer, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pultar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wieser, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaib, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suda, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diendorfer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khamina, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giorgadze, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pirtskhalava, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, K. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Inman, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ailing, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laemmermann, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meixner, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grillari, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ogrodnik, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tchkonia, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hackl, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirkland, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grillari, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.10.588794</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Profiling microRNA expression during senescence and aging: mining for a diagnostic tool of senescent-cell burden]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.04.12.589209v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Snorkel-tag Based Affinity Chromatography for Recombinant Extracellular Vesicle Purification 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.04.12.589209v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid nanoparticles and play an important role in cell-cell communications, making them potential therapeutic agents and allowing to engineer for targeted drug delivery. The expanding applications of EVs in next generation medicine are still limited by existing tools for scaling standardized EV production, single EV tracing and analytics, and thus provide only a snapshot of tissue-specific EV cargo information. Here, we present CD81, an EV surface marker protein, genetically fused to series of tags with additional transmembrane domain to be displayed on the EV surface, which we term Snorkel-tag. This system enables to affinity purify EVs from complex matrices in a non-destructive form. In future applications, this strategy will allow generating transgenic animals to enable tracing and analyzing EVs, and their cargo in physiological and pathophysiological set-ups, and facilitate the development of EV based diagnostic tools in murine models which can be translated to humans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bobbili, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorgens, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vogt, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corso, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbaria, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patrioli, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weilner, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pultar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacak, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hackl, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schosserer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grillari, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kjems, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>EL Andaloussi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grillari, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.12.589209</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Snorkel-tag Based Affinity Chromatography for Recombinant Extracellular Vesicle Purification]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.04.13.589337v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiscale simulations of molecular recognition by phase separated MUT-16: A scaffolding protein of Mutator foci 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.04.13.589337v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phase separation of proteins plays a critical role in cellular organisation. How phase separated protein condensates underpin biological function and how condensates achieve specificity remain elusive. We investigated the phase separation of MUT-16, a scaffold protein in Mutator foci, and its role in recruiting the client protein MUT-8, a key component in RNA silencing in C. elegans. We employed a multiscale approach that combined coarse-grained (residue-level CALVADOS2 and near-atomistic Martini3) and atomistic simulations. Simulations across different resolutions provide a consistent perspective on how MUT-16 condensates recruit MUT-8, enabling the fine-tuning of chemical details while balancing the computational cost. Both coarse-grained models (CALVADOS2 and Martini3) predicted the relative phase separation propensities of MUT-16s disordered regions, which we confirmed through in vitro experiments. Simulations also identified key sequence features and residues driving phase separation while revealing differences in residue interaction propensities between CALVADOS2 and Martini3. Furthermore, Martini3 and 350 {micro}s atomistic simulations on Folding@Home of MUT-8s N-terminal prion-like domain with MUT-16 M8BR cluster highlighted the importance of cation-{pi} interactions between Tyr residues of MUT-8 and Arg residues of MUT-16 M8BR. Lys residues were observed to be more prone to interact in Martini3. Atomistic simulations revealed that the guanidinium group of Arg also engages in sp2-{pi} interactions and hydrogen bonds with the backbone of Tyr, making Arg-Tyr interactions stronger than Lys-Tyr, where these additional favourable contacts are absent. In agreement with our simulations, in vitro co-expression pulldown experiments demonstrated a progressive loss of MUT-8 recruitment following the mutation of Arg in MUT-16 M8BR to Lys or Ala, confirming the critical role of Arg in this interaction. These findings advance our understanding of MUT-16 phase separation and subsequent MUT-8 recruitment, key processes in assembling Mutator foci that drive RNA silencing in C. elegans.

Statement of SignificanceIn cells proteins phase separate and form condensates. These protein condensates can play important role in bringing molecules together and facilitate biochemical processes. In this work, we used molecular dynamics simulations to understand how MUT-16 phase separates and forms the scaffold of the so-called Mutator focus. Mutator foci produce small RNA which help to regulates genes. As the scaffold of the Mutator focus, MUT-16 recruit multiple proteins which are important for the production of such small RNAs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gaurav, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Busetto, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moscoso, D. J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Changiarath, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanson, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Falk, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ketting, R. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stelzl, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.13.589337</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiscale simulations of molecular recognition by phase separated MUT-16: A scaffolding protein of Mutator foci]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.04.12.589292v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Carbon Dioxide Controls Fungal Fitness and Skin Tropism of Candida auris 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.04.12.589292v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The pronounced skin tropism and pan-antifungal resistance traits of the fungal pathogen Candida auris stand out as a serious health threat. Here, we show that a carbonic sensing pathway (CSP) promotes development of resistance to amphotericin B through a reactive oxygen species (ROS) response, as well as ectopic cell wall and membrane lipid homeostasis. Mechanistically, the transcription factor Rca1 acts in cooperation with Efg1 to control the expression and activity of the carbonic anhydrase Nce103 as a key effector component. The conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate provides a direct link to energy metabolism, facilitating colonization and growth on skin tissues. Native mouse and human skin models unequivocally show that the CSP is essential for maintaining skin tropism as well as fungal fitness. Curiously, upon ablation of Rca1 and Efg1, C. auris debilitates efficient growth on native skin. Collectively, our findings highlight critical roles of the CSP in C. auris skin tropism and antifungal drug resistance. The work suggests therapeutic options for disrupting skin colonization and thus preventing infections.

Highlights{checkmark} Proteo-transcriptomics links a carbonic sensing pathway (CSP) to C. auris multidrug resistance
{checkmark}The Nce103 carbonic anhydrase controls drug resistance as a key component of the CSP
{checkmark}The transcription factors Rca1 and Efg1 control Nce103 and link CSP with C. auris skin tropism
{checkmark}CSP acts through ectopic ROS response, cell wall architecture and membrane lipid function
{checkmark}CSP is required for C. auris fitness and efficient growth and colonization of skin tissues


Result contents{checkmark} Integrated omics reveals multidrug-resistant mechanisms in C. auris
{checkmark}CO2-sensing controls amphotericin B resistance (AMBR) traits through Rca1 and Efg1
{checkmark}The carbonic anhydrase Nce103 governs susceptibility to amphotericin B
{checkmark}The CSP influences AMBR by maintaining reactive oxygen species homeostasis
{checkmark}The CSP controls AMBR via cell membrane and cell wall remodelling
{checkmark}The CSP regulates fungal fitness through controlling energy metabolism
{checkmark}C. auris requires the CSP for skin colonization
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Trinh, P.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penninger, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seiser, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khunweeraphong, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moser, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bitencourt, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arzani, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zenz, L.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knarr, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cerbu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jenull, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muller, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lackner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ianiri, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chowdhary, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartl, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elbe-Burger, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuchler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.12.589292</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Carbon Dioxide Controls Fungal Fitness and Skin Tropism of Candida auris]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.04.21.590262v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ATG8ylation of vacuolar membrane protects plants against cell wall damage 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.04.21.590262v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Vacuoles are essential for cellular metabolism, growth, and the maintenance of internal turgor pressure. They sequester lytic enzymes, ions, and secondary metabolites that, if leaked into the cytosol, could lead to cell death. Despite their pivotal roles, quality control pathways that safeguard vacuolar integrity remained elusive in plants. Here, we discovered a conserved vacuolar quality control (VQC) pathway that is activated upon cell wall damage in a turgor pressure dependent manner. Cell wall perturbations induce a distinct modification - ATG8ylation - on the vacuolar membrane (tonoplast) that is regulated by the V-ATPase and ATG8 conjugation machinery. Genetic disruption of tonoplast ATG8ylation impairs vacuolar integrity, leading to cell death. Together, our findings reveal a homeostatic pathway that preserves vacuolar integrity upon cell wall damage.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Julian, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Del Chiaro, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De La Concepcion, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armengot, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Somssich, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duverge, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clavel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grujic, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kobylinska, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polivka, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Besten, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dank, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korbei, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bachmair, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coll, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sprakel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dagdas, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.21.590262</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ATG8ylation of vacuolar membrane protects plants against cell wall damage]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.04.23.590688v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiple ubiquitin ligases protect human genome integrity by targeting cancer-associated APOBEC3 deaminases for degradation. 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.04.23.590688v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
HighlightsO_LIRNA-free APOBEC3 (A3) can enter the nucleus, leading to genomic mutations.
C_LIO_LIThree E3 ligases specifically bind the RNA-binding domain of nuclear A3s.
C_LIO_LICancer-associated A3B and A3H-I are thereby targeted for proteasomal degradation.
C_LIO_LIThese E3 ligases thus act as genome guardians by limiting A3-mediated mutagenesis.
C_LI

APOBEC family members play crucial roles in antiviral restriction. However, certain APOBEC3 (A3) proteins drive harmful hypermutation in humans, contributing to cancer. The cancer-associated A3 proteins are capable of transiting from the cytosol to the nucleus, where they can cause genome mutations. Here, we uncover a specific set of cellular pathways that protect genomic DNA from the major cancer-associated A3 proteins. Through genetic and proteomic screening we identify UBR4, UBR5, and HUWE1 as key ubiquitin E3 ligases marking cancer-associated A3B and A3H-I for degradation, thereby limiting A3-driven hypermutation. Mechanistically, UBR5 and HUWE1 recognize unoccupied A3 RNA-binding domains, thus promoting proteasomal degradation of APOBEC3 protein that is not engaged in its antiviral cellular function. Depletion or mutation of the E3 ligases in cells and human cancer samples increases A3-driven genome mutagenesis. Our findings reveal that UBR4, UBR5, and HUWE1 are crucial factors in a ubiquitination cascade that maintains human genome stability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schwartz, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Budroni, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyenberg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hornegger, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hacker, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwartz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hodakova, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grabarczyk, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ehrmann, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scinicariello, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haselbach, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menche, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clausen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karagoez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Versteeg, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.23.590688</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiple ubiquitin ligases protect human genome integrity by targeting cancer-associated APOBEC3 deaminases for degradation.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.04.24.590956v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Adaptation to soil type contributes little to local adaptation in an Italian and a Swedish population of Arabidopsis thaliana growing on contrasting soils 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.04.24.590956v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Natural populations are subject to selection caused by a range of biotic and abiotic factors in their native habitats. Identifying these agents of selection and quantifying their effects is key to understanding how populations adapt to local conditions. We performed a fully factorial reciprocal transplant experiment using locally adapted accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana at their native sites to distinguish the contributions of adaptation to soil type and climate. Overall adaptive differentiation was strong at both sites. However, we found only very small differences in the strength of selection on local and non-local soil, and adaptation to soil type at most constituted only a few percent of overall adaptive differentiation. These results indicate that adaptation to local climatic conditions rather than soil type is the primary driver of adaptive differentiation between these ecotypes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ellis, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agren, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.24.590956</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Adaptation to soil type contributes little to local adaptation in an Italian and a Swedish population of Arabidopsis thaliana growing on contrasting soils]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.04.25.591107v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Screening great ape museum specimens for DNA viruses 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.04.25.591107v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Natural history museum collections harbour a record of wild species from the past centuries, providing a unique opportunity to study animals as well as their infectious agents. Thousands of great ape specimens are kept in these collections, and could become an important resource for studying the evolution of DNA viruses. Their genetic material is likely to be preserved in dry museum specimens, as reported previously for monkeypox virus genomes from historical orangutan specimens. Here, we screened 209 great ape museum specimens for 99 different DNA viruses, using hybridization capture coupled with short-read high-throughput sequencing. We determined the presence of multiple viruses within this dataset from historical specimens and obtained several near-complete viral genomes. In particular, we report high-coverage (>18-fold) hepatitis B virus genomes from one gorilla and two chimpanzee individuals, which are phylogenetically placed within clades infecting the respective host species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Haemmerle, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guellil, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheronet, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sawyer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruiz-Gartzia, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lizano, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rymbekova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gelabert, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernardi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trgovec-Greif, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rattei, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schuenemann, V. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marques-Bonet, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guschanski, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calvignac-Spencer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinhasi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuhlwilm, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.25.591107</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Screening great ape museum specimens for DNA viruses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.04.18.590027v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rules of engagement for condensins and cohesins guide mitotic chromosome formation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.04.18.590027v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During mitosis, interphase chromatin is rapidly converted into rod-shaped mitotic chromosomes. Using Hi-C, imaging, proteomics and polymer modeling, we determine how the activity and interplay between loop-extruding SMC motors accomplishes this dramatic transition. Our work reveals rules of engagement for SMC complexes that are critical for allowing cells to refold interphase chromatin into mitotic chromosomes. We find that condensin disassembles interphase chromatin loop organization by evicting or displacing extrusive cohesin. In contrast, condensin bypasses cohesive cohesins, thereby maintaining sister chromatid cohesion while separating the sisters. Studies of mitotic chromosomes formed by cohesin, condensin II and condensin I alone or in combination allow us to develop new models of mitotic chromosome conformation. In these models, loops are consecutive and not overlapping, implying that condensins do not freely pass one another but stall upon encountering each other. The dynamics of Hi-C interactions and chromosome morphology reveal that during prophase loops are extruded in vivo at [~]1-3 kb/sec by condensins as they form a disordered discontinuous helical scaffold within individual chromatids.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Samejima, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibcus, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abraham, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cisneros-Soberanis, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samejima, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beckett, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pucekova, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abad, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medina-Pritchard, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paulson, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeyaprakash, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prior, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirny, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dekker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goloborodko, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Earnshaw, W. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.18.590027</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rules of engagement for condensins and cohesins guide mitotic chromosome formation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.05.10.593535v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
H2A.Z and elongation factor Spt6 form an ancient bridge shaping transcription in eukaryotes 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.05.10.593535v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Histones are among the most conserved proteins in the eukaryotic genome, and their function is thought to be largely invariant across species. Here, we tested this assumption, examining over a billion years of the essential histone H2A.Zs evolution in a single synthetic host. We identify single residue substitutions within the H2A.Z core domain that led to its neofunctionalization. Such H2A.Z neomorphs are distinct by their ability to directly interact with the transcription apparatus, rewiring gene expression genome-wide by tuning transcription processivity. Our results reveal that even changes of single residues within the histones core domain can transform their function, catalysing the rapid emergence of phenotypic diversity by directly imposing both fitness opportunities and costs. We propose that the entire histone sequence has the potential to evolve new regulatory relationships, providing a framework to understand the mechanistic underpinnings of disease-associated histone mutations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Harvey, Z. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stevens, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warnecke, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berger, F. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.10.593535</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[H2A.Z and elongation factor Spt6 form an ancient bridge shaping transcription in eukaryotes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.05.06.590709v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metabolic enzymes moonlight as selective autophagy receptors to protect plants against viral-induced cellular damage 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.05.06.590709v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AbstractRNA viruses co-opt the host endomembrane system and organelles to build replication complexes for infection. How the host responds to these membrane perturbations is poorly understood. Here, we explore the autophagic response of Arabidopsis thaliana to three viruses that hijack different cellular compartments. Autophagy is significantly induced within systemically infected tissues, its disruption rendering plants highly sensitive to infection. Contrary to being an antiviral defense mechanism as previously suggested, quantitative analyses of the viral loads established autophagy as a tolerance pathway. Further analysis of one of these viruses, the Turnip Crinkle Virus (TCV) that hijack mitochondria, showed that despite perturbing mitochondrial integrity, TCV does not trigger a typical mitophagy response. Instead, TCV and Turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) infection activates a distinct selective autophagy mechanism, where oligomeric metabolic enzymes moonlight as selective autophagy receptors and degrade key executors of defense and cell death such as EDS1. Altogether, our study reveals an autophagy-regulated metabolic rheostat that gauges cellular integrity during viral infection and degrades cell death executors to avoid catastrophic amplification of immune signaling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Clavel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bianchi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kobylinska, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Groh, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papareddy, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grujic, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Picchianti, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schutzbier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stejskal, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de la Concepcion, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez, V. S. d. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voichek, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clauw, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durnberger, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muelders, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grimm, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sedivy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erhardt, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vyboishchikov, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lechner, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vantard, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roitinger, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Genschik, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, B.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dagdas, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.06.590709</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metabolic enzymes moonlight as selective autophagy receptors to protect plants against viral-induced cellular damage]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.05.10.593314v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unveiling Gene Perturbation Effects through Gene Regulatory Networks Inference from single-cell transcriptomic data 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.05.10.593314v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
1Physiological and pathological processes are governed by a network of genes called gene regulatory networks (GRNs). By reconstructing GRNs, we can accurately model how cells behave in their natural state and predict how genetic changes will affect them. Transcriptomic data of single cells are now available for a wide range of cellular processes in multiple species. Thus, a method building predictive GRNs from single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data, without any additional prior knowledge, could have a great impact on our understanding of biological processes and the genes playing a key role in them. To this aim, we developed IGNITE (Inference of Gene Networks using Inverse kinetic Theory and Experiments), an unsupervised machine learning framework designed to infer directed, weighted, and signed GRNs directly from unperturbed single-cell RNA sequencing data. IGNITE uses the GRNs to generate gene expression data upon single and multiple genetic perturbations. IGNITE is based on the inverse problem for a kinetic Ising model, a model from statistical physics that has been successfully applied to biological networks. We tested IGNITE on murine pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) transitioning from the naive to formative states. Using as input only scRNA-seq data of unperturbed PSCs, IGNITE simulated single and triple gene knockouts. Comparison with experimental data revealed high accuracy, up to 74%, outperforming currently available methods. In sum, IGNITE identifies predictive GRNs from scRNA-seq data without additional prior knowledge and faithfully simulates single and multiple gene perturbations. Applications of IGNITE range from studying cell differentiation to identifying genes specifically active under pathological conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Corridori, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romeike, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicoletti, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buecker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suweis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azaele, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martello, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.10.593314</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unveiling Gene Perturbation Effects through Gene Regulatory Networks Inference from single-cell transcriptomic data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.05.19.594517v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A multi-year longitudinal harmonization of quality controls in mass spectrometry proteomics core facilities 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.05.19.594517v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Quality control procedures play a pivotal role in ensuring the reliability and consistency of data generated in mass spectrometry-based proteomics laboratories. However, the lack of standardized quality control practices across laboratories poses challenges for data comparability and reproducibility. In response, we conducted a harmonization study within proteomics laboratories of the Core for Life alliance with the aim to establish a common quality control framework, which facilitates comprehensive quality assessment and identification of potential sources of performance drift. Through collaborative efforts, we developed a consensus quality control standard for longitudinal assessment and we adopted a common processing software. We generated a 4-year longitudinal dataset from multiple instruments and laboratories, which enabled us to assess intra- and inter-laboratory variability, to identify causes of performance drift, and to establish community reference values for several quality control parameters. Our study enhances data comparability and reliability and fosters a culture of collaboration and continuous improvement within the proteomics community to ensure the integrity of proteomics data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chiva, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olivella, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Staes, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maia, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panse, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stejskal, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Douche, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lombard, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schuhmann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loew, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mechtler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matondo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rettel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helm, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Impens, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devos, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shevchenko, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nanni, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sabido, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.19.594517</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A multi-year longitudinal harmonization of quality controls in mass spectrometry proteomics core facilities]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.05.27.596030v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PTGS is dispensable for the initiation of epigenetic silencing of an active transposon in Arabidopsis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.05.27.596030v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transposable elements (TEs) are largely repressed in plants through transcriptional gene silencing (TGS), which is maintained by heritable epigenetic silencing marks such as DNA methylation. However, the mechanisms by which silencing is installed in the first place remains poorly understood in plants. Small interfering (si)RNAs and post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) play a role in the initial response by reducing mRNA and protein levels of active TEs and are believed to mediate the initiation of TGS by guiding the first deposition of DNA methylation. To determine how this silencing installation works, we took advantage of EVADE (EVD), an endogenous retroelement in Arabidopsis, which can be used to recapitulate true de novo silencing with a well-established sequence of PTGS followed by a TGS phase. To test whether PTGS is a prerequisite for TGS, active EVD copies were introduced into RNA-DEPENDENT-RNA-POLYMERASE-6 (RDR6) mutants lacking an essential PTGS component. EVD activity and silencing were monitored across several generations. Unexpectedly, even in the absence of PTGS, TGS and silencing of EVD were still achieved through installation of RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) at EVD regulatory sequences without any prior DNA methylation at its coding sequence. Hence, our study shows that PTGS is dispensable for de novo EVD silencing. Although we cannot rule out that PTGS might facilitate the initiation of TGS, or control TE activity until then, initiation of epigenetic silencing can take place in its absence.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Trasser, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bohl-Viallefond, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barragan-Borrero, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diezma-Navas, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loncsek, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nordborg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mari-Ordonez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.27.596030</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PTGS is dispensable for the initiation of epigenetic silencing of an active transposon in Arabidopsis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.07.08.602509v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reproducibly oriented cell divisions pattern the first flat body structures to set up dorsoventrality and de novo meristem formation in Marchantia polymorpha 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.07.08.602509v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Land plant bodies develop from stem cells located in meristems. However, we know little about how meristems initiate from non-meristematic cells. The haploid body of bryophytes develops from unicellular spores in isolation from the parental plant, which allows all stages of development to be observed. We discovered that the Marchantia spore undergoes a series of precisely oriented cell divisions to generate a flat prothallus on which a meristem later develops de novo. The young sporeling comprises an early cell mass. One cell of the early cell mass elongates and undergoes a formative division that produces the prothalloblast, which initiates prothallus formation. A symmetric division of the prothalloblast followed by two transverse divisions generate a four-celled plate that expands into a flat disc through oblique divisions in three of the four plate cell-derived quadrants. One quadrant gives rise to a flat flabellum. A notch with a meristem and apical stem cell develops at the margin of the flabellum. The transcription factor MpC3HDZ is a marker of the first flat prothallus structure and polarises to the dorsal tissues of flabella and meristems. Mpc3hdz mutants are defective in setting up dorsoventrality and thallus body flatness. We report how a regular set of cell divisions forms the prothallus - the first dorsoventral structure - and how cells on the margin of the prothallus develop a dorsoventralised meristem de novo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wallner, E.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dolan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.08.602509</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reproducibly oriented cell divisions pattern the first flat body structures to set up dorsoventrality and de novo meristem formation in Marchantia polymorpha]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.06.20.599764v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neural tube organoid generation: a robust and reproducible protocol from single mouse embryonic stem cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.06.20.599764v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The development of mammals is a highly complex process, characterized by the necessity for precise concentration- and time-dependent signaling for correct pattern formation and morphogenesis. Despite considerable technological advancements and knowledge gathered, numerous aspects of mammalian development remain elusive. When examining the entire organism, it becomes challenging to disentangle the effects of individual pathways or the mechanism by which external stimuli guide the interference of surrounding tissues and factors. In addressing this complexity, three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models such as organoids have emerged as valuable tools. Organoids, derived from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), exhibit tissue-like features that closely resemble their in vivo counterparts in terms of expression patterns and functionality. Importantly, they offer accessibility for manipulation and extensive biological studies within a controlled experimental setting. Despite originating from pluripotent cultures, organoid systems often exhibit heterogeneity and substantial variability, limiting their utility when studying complex and intricate biological questions. Therefore, there is a pressing need for detailed protocols aimed at harmonizing procedures that result in high-quality reproducible data, reduction of materials used and which importantly permit the investigation of convoluted phenomena. In this context, we present an optimized protocol for the cultivation of neural tube organoids (NTOs) in vitro. By producing stable culture conditions and offering comprehensive troubleshooting strategies, this protocol enables the reliable and reproducible generation of NTOs which serve as an adequate model to study relevant scientific questions.

SUMMARYThree-dimensional neural tube organoids (NTOs) derived from mouse embryonic stem cells are valuable tools to study the central nervous system during early development. Here, we present a step-by-step demonstration of an optimized protocol for cultivating NTOs in vitro, providing stable culture conditions and troubleshooting strategies for reliable and reproducible NTO generation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Krammer, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanaka, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.20.599764</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neural tube organoid generation: a robust and reproducible protocol from single mouse embryonic stem cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.06.22.600174v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Proteomic and Metabolomic Profiling of Archaeal Extracellular Vesicles from the Human Gut 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.06.22.600174v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
One potential mechanism for microbiome-host, and microbiome constituents interaction and communication involves extracellular vesicles (EVs). Here, for the first time, we report the capability of two M. smithii strains (ALI and GRAZ-2), Candidatus M. intestini, and Methanosphaera stadtmanae, as underrepresented components of the gut microbiome, to produce EVs. Interesting, size, morphology, and composition of AEVs were comparable to bacterial EVs, as indicated by ultrastructure, composition, proteomic and metabolomic analyses; however, EVs were substantially less prevalent in the studied Archaea. When looking at the proteomics more precisely, although AEVs from M. smithii ALI and M. intestini were found to be carrying unique proteins (n=135 and n=30, respectively), the shared proteins in AEVs within this genus (n=229), were mostly adhesins(/like) proteins, or proteins with IG-like domains. One remarkable observation was the uptake of AEVs obtained from Methanosphaera stadtmanae and the studied Methanobrevibacter species by human monocytes and the subsequent IL-8 secretion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Weinberger, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darnhofer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mertelj, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stentz, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thapa, H. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grabmann, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohammadzadeh, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shinde, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juodeikis, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pernitsch, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hingerl, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zurabishvili, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumpitsch, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuehnast, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kolb, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gotts, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weihhart, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Köcher, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koefeler, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carding, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schild, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moissl-Eichinger, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.22.600174</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Proteomic and Metabolomic Profiling of Archaeal Extracellular Vesicles from the Human Gut]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.07.02.601501v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GTestimate: Improving relative gene expression estimation in scRNA-seq using the Good-Turing estimator 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.07.02.601501v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundSingle-cell RNA-seq suffers from unwanted technical variation between cells, caused by its complex experiments and shallow sequencing depths. Many conventional normalization methods try to remove this variation by calculating the relative gene expression per cell. However, their choice of the Maximum Likelihood estimator is not ideal for this application.

ResultsWe present GTestimate, a new normalization method based on the Good-Turing estimator, which improves upon conventional normalization methods by accounting for unobserved genes. To validate GTestimate we developed a novel cell targeted PCR-amplification approach (cta-seq), which enables ultra-deep sequencing of single cells. Based on this data we show that the Good-Turing estimator improves relative gene expression estimation and cell-cell distance estimation. Finally, we use GTestimates compatibility with Seurat workflows to explore three common example data-sets and show how it can improve downstream results.

ConclusionBy choosing a more suitable estimator for the relative gene expression per cell, we were able to improve scRNA-seq normalization, with potentially large implications for downstream results. GTestimate is available as an easy-to-use R-package and compatible with a variety of workflows, which should enable widespread adoption.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fahrenberger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esk, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>von Haeseler, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.02.601501</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GTestimate: Improving relative gene expression estimation in scRNA-seq using the Good-Turing estimator]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.07.08.602586v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CLEC18A interacts with sulfated GAGs and controls clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.07.08.602586v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
C-type lectins are a large family of proteins with essential functions in both health and disease. In cancer, some C-type lectins have been found to both promote and inhibit tumor growth, but many of the C-type lectins still remain uncharacterised in a tumor context. Therefore, there is growing interst in further elucidating the mechanisms with which C-type lectins control tumor growth. Here, we report a key role of the CLEC18 family of C-type lectins in the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The CLEC18 family is conserved across the entire Chordata phylum with recent gene duplication events in humans. We found that CLEC18A is exclusively expressed in the proximal tubule of the kidney and the medial habenula of the brain. We further identified sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) of proteoglycans as the main CLEC18A ligand, making them unique among C-type lectins. In ccRCC patients, high expression of the CLEC18 family lectins in the tumor are associated with improved survival. In mouse models of ccRCC, deletion of the mouse ortholog Clec18a resulted in enhanced tumor growth. Our results establishes CLEC18A as a novel and critical regulators of ccRCC tumor growth and highlights the potential benefit of modulating CLEC18 expression in the renal tumor microenvironment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jonsson, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hofmann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mereiter, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartley-Tassell, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sakic, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oliveira, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffmann, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novatchkova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schleiffer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penninger, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.08.602586</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CLEC18A interacts with sulfated GAGs and controls clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.07.22.604556v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
STK19 drives Transcription-Coupled Repair by stimulating repair complex stability, Pol II ubiquitylation and TFIIH recruitment 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.07.22.604556v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
DNA damage forms a major obstacle for gene transcription by RNA polymerase II (Pol II). Transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER) efficiently eliminates transcription-blocking lesions (TBLs), thereby safeguarding accurate transcription, preserving correct cellular function and counteracting aging. TC-NER initiation involves the recognition of lesion-stalled Pol II by CSB, which recruits the CRL4CSA E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and UVSSA. TBL-induced ubiquitylation of Pol II at lysine 1268 of the RPB1 subunit by CRL4CSA serves as a critical TC-NER checkpoint, governing Pol II stability and initiating TBL excision by TFIIH recruitment. However, the precise regulatory mechanisms of the CRL4CSA E3 ligase activity and TFIIH recruitment remain elusive. Here, we reveal Inactive Serine/Threonine Kinase 19 (STK19) as a novel TC-NER factor, that is essential for correct TBL removal repair and subsequent transcription restart. Cryo-EM studies demonstrate that STK19 is an integral part of the Pol II-TC-NER complex, bridging CSA with UVSSA, RPB1 and downstream DNA. Live-cell imaging and interaction studies show that STK19 stimulates TC-NER complex stability and CRL4CSA activity, resulting in efficient Pol II ubiquitylation and correct UVSSA and TFIIH binding. These findings underscore the crucial role of STK19 as a core component of the TC-NER machinery and its key involvement in the cellular responses to DNA damage that interfere with transcription.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ramadhin, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salmazo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalo-Hansen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Sluis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blom, C. M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janssens, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raams, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dekkers, D. H. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bezstarosti, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slade, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vermeulen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pines, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demmers, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernecky, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sixma, T. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marteijn, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.22.604556</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[STK19 drives Transcription-Coupled Repair by stimulating repair complex stability, Pol II ubiquitylation and TFIIH recruitment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.05.10.540169v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-wide profiling of DNA repair identifies higher-order coordination in single cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.05.10.540169v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accurate repair of DNA damage is critical for maintenance of genomic integrity and cellular viability. Because damage occurs non-uniformly across the genome, single-cell resolution is required for proper interrogation, but sensitive detection has remained challenging. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of repair protein localization in single cells using DamID and ChIC sequencing techniques. This study reports genome-wide binding profiles in response to DNA double-strand breaks induced by AsiSI, and explores variability in genomic damage locations and associated repair features in the context of spatial genome organization. By unbiasedly detecting repair factor localization, we find that repair proteins often occupy entire topologically associating domains, mimicking variability in chromatin loop anchoring. Moreover, we demonstrate the formation of multi-way chromatin hubs in response to DNA damage. Notably, larger hubs show increased coordination of repair protein binding, suggesting a preference for cooperative repair mechanisms. Together, our work offers new insights into the heterogeneous processes underlying genome stability in single cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>de Luca, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rullens, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Legube, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kind, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.10.540169</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-wide profiling of DNA repair identifies higher-order coordination in single cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.08.01.606235v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cellular N-myristoyl transferases Are Required for Mammarenavirus Multiplication 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.08.01.606235v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mammarenavirus matrix Z protein plays critical roles in virus assembly and cell egress, whereas heterotrimer complexes of a stable signal peptide (SSP) together with glycoprotein subunits GP1 and GP2, generated via co-and post-translational processing of the surface glycoprotein precursor GPC, form the spikes that decorate the virion surface and mediate virus cell entry via receptor-mediated endocytosis. The Z protein and SSP undergo N-terminal myristoylation by host cell N-myristoyltransferases (NMT1 and NMT2), and G2A mutations that prevent myristoylation of Z or SSP have been shown to affect Z mediated virus budding and GP2 mediated fusion activity required to complete the virus cell entry process. In the present work, we present evidence that the validated on-target specific pan NMT inhibitor DDD85464 exerts a potent antiviral activity against the prototypic mammarenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) that correlated with reduced Z budding activity and GP2 mediated fusion activity, as well as proteasome mediated degradation of the Z protein. The potent anti-mammarenaviral activity of DDD85646 was also observed with the hemorrhagic fever causing mammarenaviruses Junin (JUNV) and Lassa (LASV) viruses. Our results support exploration of NMT inhibition as a broad-spectrum antiviral against human pathogenic mammarenaviruses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Witwit, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Betancourt, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cubitt, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khafaji, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kowalski, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez-Sobrido, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de la Torre, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.01.606235</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cellular N-myristoyl transferases Are Required for Mammarenavirus Multiplication]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.08.26.609756v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Electrostatic changes enabled the diversification of an exocyst subunit via protein complex escape 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.08.26.609756v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The evolution of cellular complexity hinges on the capacity of multimeric protein complexes to diversify without compromising their ancestral functions. A central question is how individual subunits within these complexes can evolve novel functions while maintaining the integrity of the original assembly. Here, we explore this question by tracing the evolutionary trajectory of the plant exocyst, an octameric complex essential for exocytosis in eukaryotes. Remarkably, the Exo70 subunit underwent dramatic expansion and functional divergence in plants. We demonstrate that electrostatic alterations in the N-terminal region of the Exo70 subunit precipitated its dissociation from the exocyst complex. This release mitigated paralog interference, thereby facilitating the subunits extensive functional co-option. Our findings reveal a nuanced mechanism by which a protein subunit, ancestrally constrained within a multimeric complex, can escape those constraints and evolve novel functions, shedding light on the molecular underpinnings of cellular innovation.

One-Sentence SummaryEvolutionary diversification of an exocyst subunit is driven by electrostatic shifts that dissociates it from the ancestral complex.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>De la Concepcion, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duverge, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Julian, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ikene, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bianchi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grujic, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papareddy, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grishkovskaya, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haselbach, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murray, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clavel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irwin, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dagdas, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.26.609756</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Electrostatic changes enabled the diversification of an exocyst subunit via protein complex escape]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.09.08.611708v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cross-species interactome analysis uncovers a conserved selective autophagy mechanism for protein quality control in plants 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.09.08.611708v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Selective autophagy is a fundamental protein quality control pathway that safeguards proteostasis by degrading damaged or surplus cellular components, particularly under stress. This process is orchestrated by selective autophagy receptors (SARs) that direct specific cargo for degradation. While significant strides have been made in understanding the molecular framework of selective autophagy, the diversity of SAR repertoires across species remain largely unexplored. Through a comparative interactome analysis across five model organisms, we identified a suite of conserved and lineage-specific SAR candidates. Among these, we validated CESAR as a conserved SAR critical for proteostasis under heat stress. CESAR specifically facilitates the degradation of hydrophobic, ubiquitinated protein aggregates and is indispensable for heat stress tolerance. Our study offers a rich resource for SAR discovery and positions CESAR as a pivotal regulator of proteostasis, with broad implications for improving stress resilience in plants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hernandez, V. S. d. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, M. M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clavel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papareddy, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreev, V. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De la Concepcion, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathur, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Picchianti, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grujic, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kobylinska, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdrakhmanov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duverge, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anand, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leibrock, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bianchi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crawford, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Argiro, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohseni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leon, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matuszkiewickz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raffeiner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wun, C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanne, J. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meinhart, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roitinger, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baurle, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, B.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petersen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ustun, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kulathu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clausen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramundo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dagdas, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.08.611708</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cross-species interactome analysis uncovers a conserved selective autophagy mechanism for protein quality control in plants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.08.23.609409v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The three-dimensional anatomy and dorsoventral asymmetry of the mature Marchantia polymorpha	 meristem develops from a symmetrical gemma meristem 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.08.23.609409v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Meristems are three-dimensional generative structures that maintain a population of stem cells whilst producing new organs and tissues. Meristems develop in all land plants, however we know relatively little about the spatial and temporal regulation of meristem structure in lineages such as the bryophytes. Here we describe the three-dimensional anatomy of the meristem during the development of the liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha. Using optical reconstructions of the frontal, sagittal and transverse planes through the mature meristem, we show that the apical stem cell is sub-apical, ventral, and located in the outer cell layer. The anatomy of the mature meristem is therefore asymmetrical in the dorsoventral axis, which is reflected by the domain specific protein localisation of Marchantia Class III and Class IV Homeodomain-Leucine-Zippers (MpC3HDZ and MpC4HDZ) and promoter activity of MpYUCCA2. The dorsoventral asymmetry that defines the mature meristem is absent in the juvenile meristems of the asexual propagules known as gemmae. We discovered that anatomical dorsoventral asymmetry of the meristem forms after two days of gemmaling growth and is accompanied by expression of the dorsal identity reporter, MpC3HDZ. We conclude that the gemma meristem is in a state of arrested development and undergoes anatomical rearrangement to develop the three-dimensional meristem structure of the mature plant.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Spencer, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallner, E.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jandrasits, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edelbacher, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mosiolek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dolan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.23.609409</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The three-dimensional anatomy and dorsoventral asymmetry of the mature Marchantia polymorpha	 meristem develops from a symmetrical gemma meristem]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.08.26.608733v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification and functional categorization of the most stably and most variably expressed genes and retained introns in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.08.26.608733v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We used a large, uniform, RNA-seq dataset to investigate the stability of gene expression and intron retention in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. Functional classification of the most stably and most variably expressed genes was determined by GO enrichment analyses. Many variably expressed genes encoded proteins involved in photosynthesis and chloroplast structure, likely reflecting their sensitivity to changeable light intensities, and in stress responses, which allow plants to cope with environmental challenges. As revealed by GO enrichment analysis, the most stably expressed genes were involved in protein, lipid and vesicle trafficking, suggesting that fluctuations in expression of these genes are suboptimal for normal seedling development. GO analyses of genes containing either usually retained or usually spliced introns revealed no consistent enrichments for any specific functional categories. However, highly retained introns were often located in the first or last position, which may contain 5 and 3 UTRs necessary for transcriptional regulation and mRNA transport and stability. Conversely, usually spliced introns were more frequently located in internal portions of pre-mRNAs, indicating that reliable splicing in coding regions is needed to prevent the formation of premature stop codons. The large RNA-seq dataset we generated can be useful for investigating additional aspects of gene expression and pre-mRNA splicing in Arabidopsis seedlings and sets a precedent for future large scale transcriptome analyses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, W.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanno, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matzke, A. J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matzke, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.26.608733</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification and functional categorization of the most stably and most variably expressed genes and retained introns in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.08.28.609967v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reconstitution of BNIP3/NIX-mediated autophagy reveals two pathways and hierarchical flexibility of the initiation machinery 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.08.28.609967v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Selective autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway that is critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis by disposing of harmful cellular material. While the mechanisms by which soluble cargo receptors recruit the autophagy machinery are becoming increasingly clear, the principles governing how organelle-localized transmembrane cargo receptors initiate selective autophagy remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that transmembrane cargo receptors can initiate autophagosome biogenesis not only by recruiting the upstream FIP200/ULK1 complex but also via a WIPI-ATG13 complex. This latter pathway is employed by the BNIP3/NIX receptors to trigger mitophagy. Additionally, other transmembrane mitophagy receptors, including FUNDC1 and BCL2L13, exclusively use the FIP200/ULK1 complex, while FKBP8 and the ER-phagy receptor TEX264 are capable of utilizing both pathways to initiate autophagy. Our study defines the molecular rules for initiation by transmembrane cargo receptors, revealing remarkable flexibility in the assembly and activation of the autophagy machinery, with significant implications for therapeutic interventions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Adriaenssens, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooke, A. S. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stuke, J. F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sawa-Makarska, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, T. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schuschnig, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romanov, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khuu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lazarou, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hummer, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hurley, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martens, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.28.609967</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reconstitution of BNIP3/NIX-mediated autophagy reveals two pathways and hierarchical flexibility of the initiation machinery]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.08.29.610041v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A dual ribosomal system in the zebrafish soma and germline 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.08.29.610041v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein synthesis during vertebrate embryogenesis is driven by ribosomes of two distinct origins: maternal ribosomes synthesized during oogenesis and stored in the egg, and somatic ribosomes, produced by the developing embryo after zygotic genome activation (ZGA). In zebrafish, these two ribosome types are expressed from different genomic loci and also differ in their ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequence. To characterize this dual ribosome system further, we examined the expression patterns of maternal and somatic rRNAs during embryogenesis and in adult tissues. We found that maternal rRNAs are not only expressed during oogenesis but are continuously produced in the zebrafish germline. Proteomic analyses of maternal and somatic ribosomes unveiled differences in core ribosomal protein composition. Most nucleotide differences between maternal and somatic rRNAs are located in the flexible, structurally not resolved expansion segments. Our in vivo data demonstrated that both maternal and somatic ribosomes can be translationally active in the embryo. Using transgenically tagged maternal or somatic ribosome subunits, we experimentally confirm the presence of hybrid 80S ribosomes composed of 40S and 60S subunits from both origins and demonstrate the preferential in vivo association of maternal ribosomes with germline-specific transcripts. Our study identifies a distinct type of ribosomes in the zebrafish germline and thus presents a foundation for future explorations into possible regulatory mechanisms and functional roles of heterogeneous ribosomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shah, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leesch, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorenzo-Orts, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grundmann, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novatchkova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haselbach, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pauli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.29.610041</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A dual ribosomal system in the zebrafish soma and germline]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.09.02.610847v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The type III-B CRISPR-Cas System Affects Energy Metabolism and Adaptation in the Archaeon Saccharolobus solfataricus 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.09.02.610847v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Type III CRISPR-Cas immune systems that recognize and cleave extrachromosomal RNA when active, are particularly widespread in archaea. Mechanistically, these systems have the potential to regulate gene expression of host genes on a post-transcriptional level, but very little is known about any potential accessory roles of type III-B systems beyond immunity. We have created knockout mutants of a type III-B CRISPR-Cas complex in the thermoacidophilic archaeon Saccharolobus solfataricus to investigate potential secondary functions of the type III-B system. Deletion mutants exhibited an accelerate growth but were less quickly adaptable to changes in carbon sources in their growth media. In line with this phenotype, upregulated genes were significantly enriched in functional categories of energy production and conversion, as well as with carbohydrate or amino acid transport and metabolism in RNAseq studies. Generally, a significant accumulation of genes encoding transmembrane proteins in the upregulated proportion of the transcriptome suggests interconnections between the type III-B CRISPR-Cas system and various membrane-associated processes. Notably, the deletion mutants did not lose their general virus- or plasmid defense activities indicating that this particular system might have been partially adopted for cellular regulatory roles.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wimmer, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zink, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hodgskiss, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerou, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schleper, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.02.610847</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The type III-B CRISPR-Cas System Affects Energy Metabolism and Adaptation in the Archaeon Saccharolobus solfataricus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.09.03.610967v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Differential splice isoforms of mouse CDK2 play functionally redundant roles during mitotic and meiotic division 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.09.03.610967v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In most mammals, the cell cycle kinase; cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) is expressed as two major isoforms due to the inclusion or exclusion of an alternatively spliced exon. The shorter CDK2 isoform: CDK2S, is expressed constitutively during the cell cycle and can be detected in many different tissue types. In contrast, the longer isoform: CDK2L, shows preferential expression in meiotically dividing cells of the germ cells and upon S-phase entry during mitotic cell division. Both CDK2L and CDK2S form heteromeric complexes with cyclins A2 and E1 in vitro. However, complexes comprised of each isoform differ considerably in their kinase activity towards known CDK substrates. It is currently unknown whether the long and short isoforms of CDK2 play functionally different roles in vivo during either mitotic and meiotic divisions as conventional knockout methodology leads to the loss of both isoforms. In this study, we find that both CDK2L and CDK2S are sufficient to support both mitotic and meiotic division when expressed in the absence of the other. This data contributes to the explanation of the apparent tolerance of the evolutionary loss of CDK2L expression in humans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Palmer, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Talib, S. Z. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ow, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tabaglio, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goh, C. M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, L. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guccione, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaldis, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.03.610967</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Differential splice isoforms of mouse CDK2 play functionally redundant roles during mitotic and meiotic division]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.11.548599v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-tissue proteomics identifies a link between satellite DNA organization and transgenerational transposon repression in Drosophila 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.11.548599v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Non-coding satellite DNA repeats are abundant at the pericentromeric heterochromatin of eukaryotic chromosomes. During interphase, sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins cluster these repeats from multiple chromosomes into nuclear foci known as chromocenters. Despite the pivotal role of chromocenters in cellular processes like genome encapsulation and gene repression, the associated proteins remain incompletely characterized. Here, we use two satellite DNA-binding proteins, D1 and Prod, as baits to characterize the chromocenter-associated proteome in Drosophila embryos, ovaries, and testes through quantitative mass spectrometry. We identify D1- and Prod-associated proteins, including known heterochromatin proteins as well as proteins previously unlinked to satellite DNA or chromocenters, thereby laying the foundation for a comprehensive understanding of cellular functions enabled by satellite DNA repeats and their associated proteins. Interestingly, we find that multiple components of the transposon-silencing piRNA pathway are associated with D1 and Prod in embryos. Using genetics, transcriptomics, and small RNA profiling, we show that flies lacking D1 during embryogenesis exhibit transposon expression and gonadal atrophy as adults. We further demonstrate that this gonadal atrophy can be rescued by mutating the checkpoint kinase, Chk2, which mediates germ cell arrest in response to transposon mobilization. Thus, we reveal that a satellite DNA-binding protein functions during embryogenesis to silence transposons, in a manner that is heritable across later stages of development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chavan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skrutl, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uliana, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pfister, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burke, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braendle, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beltrao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jagannathan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.11.548599</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-tissue proteomics identifies a link between satellite DNA organization and transgenerational transposon repression in Drosophila]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.08.12.607453v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Urinary multi-omics reveal non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers in clear cell renal cell carcinoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.08.12.607453v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the kidney malignancy with the highest incidence and mortality rates. Despite the high patient burden, there are no biomarkers for rapid diagnosis and public health surveillance. Urine would be an ideal source of ccRCC biomarkers due to the low invasiveness, easy accessibility, and the kidneys intrinsic role in filtering urine. In the present work, by combining proteomics, lipidomics and metabolomics, we detected urogenital metabolic dysregulation in ccRCC patients with increased lipid metabolism, altered mitochondrial respiration signatures and increased urinary lipid content. Importantly, we identify three early-stage diagnostic biomarkers for ccRCC in urine samples: Serum amyloid A1 (SAA1), Haptoglobin (HP) and Lipocalin 15 (LCN15). We further implemented a parallel reaction monitoring mass spectrometry protocol for rapid and sensitive detection of SAA1, HP and LCN15 and combined all three proteins into a diagnostic UrineScore. In our discovery cohort, this score had a performance accuracy of 96% in receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis for classification of ccRCC versus control cases. Our data identifies tractable and highly efficacious urinary biomarkers for ccRCC diagnosis and serve as a first step towards the development of more rapid and accessible urinary diagnostic platforms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jonsson, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hofmann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oliveira, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemberger, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stejskal, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krssakova, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sakic, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novatchkova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mereiter, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grabmann, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koecher, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kikic, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rechberger, G. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuellig, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Englinger, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidinger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penninger, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.12.607453</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Urinary multi-omics reveal non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers in clear cell renal cell carcinoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.09.10.612273v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A genome-wide association screen for genes affecting leaf trichome development and epidermal metal accumulation in Arabidopsis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.09.10.612273v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To identify novel genes engaged in plant epidermal development, we characterized the phenotypic variability of rosette leaf epidermis of 310 sequenced Arabidopsis thaliana accessions, focusing on trichome shape and distribution, compositional characteristics of the trichome cell wall, and histologically detectable metal ion distribution. Some of these traits correlated with climate parameters of ourq accessions locations of origin, suggesting environmental selection. A novel metal deposition pattern in stomatal guard cells was observed in some accessions. Subsequent GWAS analysis identified 1546 loci with protein sequence-altering SNPs associated with one or more traits, including 5 genes with previously reported relevant mutant phenotypes and 80 additional genes with known or predicted roles in relevant developmental and cellular processes. Some candidates, including GFS9/TT9, exhibited environmentally correlated allele distribution. Several large gene families, namely DUF674, DUF784, DUF1262, DUF1985, DUF3741, cytochrome P450, receptor-like kinases, Cys/His-rich C1 domain proteins and formins were overrepresented among the candidates for various traits, suggesting epidermal development-related functions. A possible participation of formins in guard cell metal deposition was supported by observations in available loss of function mutants. Screening of candidate gene lists against the STRING interactome database uncovered several predominantly nuclear protein interaction networks with possible novel roles in epidermal development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bezvoda, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landeo-Rios, Y. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kubatova, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kollarova, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kulich, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Busch, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zarsky, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cvrckova, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.10.612273</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A genome-wide association screen for genes affecting leaf trichome development and epidermal metal accumulation in Arabidopsis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.09.22.614159v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The expansion and diversification of epigenetic regulatory networks underpins major transitions in the evolution of land plants 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.09.22.614159v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Epigenetic silencing is essential for regulating gene expression and cellular diversity in eukaryotes. While DNA and H3K9 methylation silence transposable elements (TEs), H3K27me3 marks deposited by the Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) silence varying proportions of TEs and genes across different lineages. Despite the major development role epigenetic silencing plays in multicellular eukaryotes, little is known about how epigenetic regulatory networks were shaped over evolutionary time. Here, we analyse epigenomes from diverse species across the green lineage to infer the chronological epigenetic recruitment of genes during land plant evolution. We first reveal the nature of plant heterochromatin in the unicellular chlorophyte microalga Chlorella sorokiniana and identify several genes marked with H3K27me3, highlighting the deep origin of PRC2-regulated genes in the green lineage. By incorporating genomic phylostratigraphy, we show how genes of differing evolutionary age occupy distinct epigenetic states in plants. While young genes tend to be silenced by H3K9 methylation, genes that emerged in land plants are preferentially marked with H3K27me3, some of which form part of a common network of PRC2-repressed genes across distantly-related species. Finally, we analyse the potential recruitment of PRC2 to plant H3K27me3 domains and identify conserved DNA-binding sites of ancient transcription factor (TF) families known to interact with PRC2. Our findings shed light on the conservation and potential origin of epigenetic regulatory networks in the green lineage, while also providing insight into the evolutionary dynamics and molecular triggers that underlie the adaptation and elaboration of epigenetic regulation, laying the groundwork for its future consideration in other eukaryotic lineages.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Petroll, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papareddy, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krela, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laigle, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riviere, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bisova, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mozgova, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.22.614159</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The expansion and diversification of epigenetic regulatory networks underpins major transitions in the evolution of land plants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.09.16.613193v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bisulphite sequencing in the presence of cytosine-conversion errors 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.09.16.613193v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bisulphite treatment of DNA converts unmethylated cytosines to thymine, and is a common method to infer the methylation status of cytosines when coupled with sequencing.  Tagmentation approaches to bisulphite sequencing use a transposase to simultaneously make double-stranded breaks and ligate adaptors to the resulting fragments, allowing for higher throughput with less starting material. However, it has also been noted that certain tagmentation protocols have an unusually high number unmethylated cytosines that are not converted to thymine. Here we describe this phenomenon in detail, and find that results are consistent with single strand nicks by the transposase, followed by strand displacement of part or all of the DNA fragment, leading to erroneous incorporation of methylated cytosines. Nevertheless we show that these errors can be accounted for in downstream analysis and need not impede biological conclusions. We provide a Python package to allow users to implement this framework. Ultimately the additional effort of accounting for errors must be traded off against the scalability of the protocol in planning experiments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ellis, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizhynska, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pisupati, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molla-Morales, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nordborg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.16.613193</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bisulphite sequencing in the presence of cytosine-conversion errors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.09.16.613340v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A regulatory module driving the recurrent evolution of irreducible molecular complexes. 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.09.16.613340v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To sustain life, molecular complexes require the concerted action of multiple proteins, each relying on one another to perform intricate tasks. However, how such interdependent protein interactions evolve in the first place is poorly understood. To address this, we investigated the origins of a group of fast-evolving genetic parasites--toxin-antidote elements--which boil down this dilemma to a simple question: what came first, the toxin or the antidote? By integrating quantitative genetics, biochemistry, and evolutionary genomics, we discovered that toxins and antidotes can arise simultaneously through the duplication of a regulatory module comprising an F-box protein in linkage to its substrate. Our findings provide one solution to the recurrent emergence of mutual dependence in protein complexes and illustrate in detail how complexity can swiftly arise from simplicity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tikanova, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ross, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagmueller, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puehringer, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pliota, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krogull, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stefania, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunold, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koreshova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koller, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ostapchuk, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okweri, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gokcezade, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duchek, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ben-David, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burga, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.16.613340</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A regulatory module driving the recurrent evolution of irreducible molecular complexes.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.09.20.614060v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The evolution and developmental dynamics of histone-based chromatin regulation in Annelida 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.09.20.614060v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Eukaryotic histones protect and package nuclear DNA into nucleosomes. The dynamic addition and removal of posttranslational modifications on these proteins define regulatory regions that play a central role in genome and chromatin biology. However, our understanding of these regulatory mechanisms in animals is largely based on a few model systems, which prevents a general understanding of how histone-based regulation unfolds and promotes phenotypic variation during animal embryogenesis. Here, we apply a comprehensive multi-omics approach to dissect the histone-based regulatory complement in Annelida, one of the largest invertebrate phyla. Annelids exhibit a conserved histone repertoire organised in clusters of dynamically regulated, hyperaccessible chromatin. However, unlike other animals with reduced genomes, the worm Dimorphilus gyrociliatus shows a dramatically streamlined histone repertoire, revealing that genome compaction has lineage-specific effects on histone-based regulation. Notably, the annelid Owenia fusiformis has two H2A.X variants that co-occur in other animals, whose functional implications are unclear but represent a unique case of widespread parallel evolution of a histone variant in Eukarya. Histone-modifying enzyme complements are largely conserved amongst annelids. Yet, temporal differences in the expression of a reduced set of histone modifiers correlate with distinct ontogenetic traits and variation in the adult landscapes of histone modifications, as revealed by quantitative mass spectrometry in O. fusiformis and Capitella teleta. Collectively, our unparalleled analysis of histone-based epigenetics within a non-model phylum informs the evolution of histone-based regulation, presenting a framework to explore how this fundamental genome regulatory layer contributes to developmental and morphological diversification in annelids and animals generally.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Martin-Zamora, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cole, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donnellan, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guynes, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carrillo-Baltodano, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickman, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hurd, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin-Duran, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.20.614060</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The evolution and developmental dynamics of histone-based chromatin regulation in Annelida]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.09.20.614100v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GuaCAMOLE: GC-bias aware estimation improves the accuracy of metagenomic species abundances 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.09.20.614100v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metagenomic sequencing measures the species composition of microbial communities, and has revealed the crucial role of microbiomes in the etiology of a range of diseases such as colorectal cancer. Quantitative comparisons of microbial communities are, however, affected by GC-content dependent biases. Here, we present GuaCAMOLE, a computational method to detect and remove GC bias from meta-genomic sequencing data. The algorithm relies on comparisons between individual species in a single sample to estimates the sequencing efficiency at levels of GC content, and outputs unbiased species abundances. GuaCAMOLE thus works regardless of the specific amount or direction of GC-bias present in the data and does not rely on calibration experiments or multiple samples. Applying our algorithm to 3435 gut microbiomes of colorectal cancer patients from 33 individual studies reveals that the type and severity of GC bias varies considerably between studies. In many studies we observe a clear bias against GC-poor species in the abundances reported by existing methods. GuaCAMOLE successfully removes this bias and corrects the abundance of clinically relevant GC-poor species such as F. nucleatum (28% GC) by up to a factor of two. GuaCAMOLE thus contributes to a better quantitative understanding of microbial communities by improving the accuracy and comparability of species abundances across experimental setups.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Holcik, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>von Haeseler, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pflug, F. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.20.614100</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GuaCAMOLE: GC-bias aware estimation improves the accuracy of metagenomic species abundances]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.10.03.616421v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
k-mer-based GWAS in a wheat collection reveals novel and diverse sources of powdery mildew resistance 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.10.03.616421v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundWheat landraces and cultivars stored in gene banks worldwide represent a valuable source of genetic diversity for discovering genes critical for agriculture, which is increasingly constrained by climate change and inputs reduction. We assembled and genotyped, using DArTseq technology, a panel of 461 accessions representative of the genetic diversity of Swiss wheat material. The collection was evaluated for powdery mildew resistance under field conditions for two consecutive years and at the seedling stage with 10 different wheat powdery mildew isolates.

ResultsTo identify the genetic basis of mildew resistance in wheat, we developed a k-mer-based GWAS approach using multiple fully-assembled genomes including Triticum aestivum as well as four progenitor genomes. Compared to approaches based on single reference genomes, we unambiguously mapped an additional 25% resistance-associated k-mers. Our approach outperformed SNP-based GWAS in terms of number of loci identified and precision of mapping. In total, we detected 34 (Pm) powdery mildew resistance loci, including seven previously-described and more importantly 27 novel loci active at the seedling stage. Furthermore, we identified a region associated with adult plant resistance, which was not detected with SNP-based approaches.

ConclusionsThe described non-reference-based approach highlights the potential of integrating multiple wheat reference genomes with k-mer GWAS to harness the untapped genetic diversity present in germplasm collections.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jaegle, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voichek, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haupt, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sotiropoulos, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gauthier, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heuberger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herren, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Widrig, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leber, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schierscher, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serex, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boczkowska, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puchta, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolc, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chalhoub, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keller, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez-Martin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.03.616421</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[k-mer-based GWAS in a wheat collection reveals novel and diverse sources of powdery mildew resistance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.08.07.607117v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Convergence of orphan quality control pathways at a ubiquitin chain-elongating ligase 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.08.07.607117v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Unassembled and partially assembled subunits of multi-protein complexes have emerged as major quality control clients, particularly under conditions of imbalanced gene expression such as stress, aging, and aneuploidy. The factors and mechanisms that eliminate such orphan subunits to maintain protein homeostasis are incompletely defined. Here, we show that the UBR4-KCMF1 ubiquitin ligase complex is required for efficient degradation of multiple unrelated orphan subunits from the chaperonin, proteasome cap, proteasome core, and a protein targeting complex. Epistasis analysis in cells and reconstitution studies in vitro show that the UBR4-KCMF1 complex acts downstream of a priming ubiquitin ligase that first mono-ubiquitinates orphans. UBR4 recognizes both the orphan and its mono-ubiquitin and builds a K48-linked poly-ubiquitin degradation signal. The discovery of a convergence point for multiple quality control pathways may explain why aneuploid cells are especially sensitive to loss of UBR4 or KCMF1 and identifies a potential vulnerability across many cancers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roas, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yagita, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurzbauer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clausen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zavodszky, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hegde, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.07.607117</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Convergence of orphan quality control pathways at a ubiquitin chain-elongating ligase]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.05.29.596439v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantitative imaging of loop extruders rebuilding interphase genome architecture after mitosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.05.29.596439v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
How cells establish the interphase genome organization after mitosis is incompletely understood. Using quantitative and super-resolution microscopy, we show that the transition from a Condensin to a Cohesin-based genome organization occurs dynamically over two hours. While a significant fraction of Condensins remains chromatin-bound until early Gl, Cohesin-STAGl and its boundary factor CTCF are rapidly imported into daughter nuclei in telophase, immediately bind chromosomes as individual complexes and are sufficient to build the first interphase TAD structures. By contrast, the more abundant Cohesin-STAG2 accumulates on chromosomes only gradually later in Gl, is responsible for compaction inside TAD structures and forms paired complexes upon completed nuclear import. 0ur quantitative time-resolved mapping of mitotic and interphase loop extruders in single cells reveals that the nested loop architecture formed by sequential action of two Condensins in mitosis is seamlessly replaced by a less compact, but conceptually similar hierarchically nested loop architecture driven by sequential action of two Cohesins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brunner, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morero, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hossain, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lampe, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pflaumer, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halavatyi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beckwith, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellenberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.29.596439</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantitative imaging of loop extruders rebuilding interphase genome architecture after mitosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.11.05.621843v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A journey towards developing a new cleavable crosslinker reagent for in-cell crosslinking 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.11.05.621843v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Crosslinking mass spectrometry (XL-MS) is a powerful technology that recently emerged as an essential complementary tool for elucidating protein structures and mapping interactions within a protein network. Crosslinkers which are amenable to post-linking backbone cleavage simplify peptide identification, aid in 3D structure determination and enable system-wide studies of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) in cellular environments. However, state-of-the-art cleavable linkers are fraught with practical limitations, including extensive evaluation of fragmentation energies and fragmentation behaviour of the crosslinker backbone. We herein introduce DiSPASO as a lysine-selective, MS-cleavable cross-linker with an alkyne handle for affinity enrichment. DiSPASO was designed and developed for efficient cell membrane permeability and crosslinking while securing low cellular perturbation. We tested DiSPASO employing three different copper-based enrichment strategies using model systems with increasing complexity (Cas9-Halo, purified ribosomes, live cells). Fluorescence microscopy in-cell crosslinking experiments revealed a rapid uptake of DiSPASO into HEK 293 cells within 5 minutes. While DiSPASO represents progress in cellular PPI analysis, its limitations and low crosslinking yield in cellular environments require careful optimisation of the crosslinker design, highlighting the complexity of developing effective XL-MS tools and the importance of continuous innovation in accurately mapping PPI networks within dynamic cellular environments.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=60 SRC="FIGDIR/small/621843v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mueller, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brutiu, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saridakis, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leischner, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Birklbauer, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matzinger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madalinski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lendl, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaaban, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorfer, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maulide, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mechtler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.05.621843</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A journey towards developing a new cleavable crosslinker reagent for in-cell crosslinking]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.11.18.623787v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In silico analysis of the evolution of root phenotypes during maize domestication in Neolithic soils of Tehuacan 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.11.18.623787v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Roots are essential for plant adaptation to changing environments, yet the role of roots in crop domestication remains unclear. This study examines the evolution of root phenotypes from teosinte to maize, a transition resulting in reduced nodal root number (NRN), multiseriate cortical sclerenchyma (MCS), and increased seminal root number (SRN). We reconstructed the root phenotypes of maize and teosinte, as well as the environments of the Tehuacan Valley over the last 18,000 years using a combination of ancient DNA, paleobotany, and functional-structural modeling. Our models reveal that increasing Holocene atmospheric CO2 concentrations favored the appearance of reduced NRN and MCS between 12000 to 8000 years before present (yBP), promoting deeper root systems. The advent of irrigation by 6000 yBP switched nitrogen distribution from topsoil to subsoil domains, a change which increased the utility of reduced NRN and MCS. Comparison of allelic frequencies among ancient samples ranging from 5500 to 500 yBP suggest that increased SRN may have appeared around 3500 yBP, coinciding with a period of increased human population, agricultural intensification, and soil degradation. Our results suggest that root phenotypes that enhance plant performance under nitrogen stress were important for maize adaptation to changing agricultural practices in the Tehuacan Valley.

ClassificationPhysiology & Development
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Valdivia, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vallebueno-Estrada, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangarajan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swarts, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benz, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blake, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sidhu, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez-Limon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sawers, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schneider, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lynch, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.18.623787</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In silico analysis of the evolution of root phenotypes during maize domestication in Neolithic soils of Tehuacan]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.12.03.625870v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PHLPP2 is a pseudophosphatase that lost activity in the metazoan ancestor 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.12.03.625870v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is a major regulator of cell and organismal growth. Consequently, hyperactivation of PI3K and its downstream effector kinase, Akt, is observed in many human cancers. PH domain leucine-rich repeat-containing protein phosphatases (PHLPP), two paralogous members of the metal-dependent protein phosphatase family, have been reported as negative regulators of Akt signaling and, therefore, tumor suppressors. However, the stoichiometry and identity of the bound metal ion(s), mechanism of action, and enzymatic specificity of these proteins are not known. Seeking to fill these gaps in our understanding of PHLPP biology, we unexpectedly discovered that PHLPP2 has no catalytic activity against the regulatory phosphorylation sites of Akt, nor the generic substrate para -nitrophenylphosphate. Instead, we found that PHLPP2 is a pseudophosphatase with a single zinc ion bound in its catalytic center. Furthermore, we found that current cancer genomics data do not support the proposed role of PHLPP1 or PHLPP2 as tumor suppressors. Phylogenetic analyses revealed an ancestral phosphatase that arose more than 1 Mya, but that lost activity at the base of the metazoan lineage. In summary, our results provide a molecular explanation for the inconclusive results that have hampered research on PHLPP and argue for a new focus on non-catalytic roles of PHLPP1 and PHLPP2.

Significance StatementPHLPP1 and PHLPP2 have previously been reported as protein phosphatases that specifically inactivate Akt, a pro-growth and survival kinase hyperactivated in many human cancers. Unexpectedly, we found that purified PHLPP2 has no detectable enzymatic activity in vitro, an observation which can be rationalized by its unusual active site, which has diverged significantly from that of canonical metal-dependent phosphatases. Furthermore, we show that cancer genomics do not support a role for either PHLPP1 or PHLPP2 in cancer. Our findings argue for the exploration of alternative hypotheses regarding the role of PHLPP in Akt signaling and cancer, with a focus on its non-catalytic functions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Husremovic, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siess, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antonioli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piech, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meier, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grishkovskaya, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kircheva, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angelova, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandstaetter, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miocic-Stosic, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anrather, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartl, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Truebestein, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zagrovic, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hann, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bock, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ogris, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dudev, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irwin, N. A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haselbach, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leonard, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.03.625870</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PHLPP2 is a pseudophosphatase that lost activity in the metazoan ancestor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.11.18.624116v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Biofilm lifestyle as a common trait of ammonia-oxidizing archaea 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.11.18.624116v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although widespread in nature, growth in biofilms has been relatively little explored in the globally distributed ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA). Here we investigated six representatives of three different terrestrial and marine clades of AOA in a longitudinal and quantitative study for their ability to form biofilm and studied gene expression patterns of three representatives. While all strains grew on a solid surface, soil strains exhibited the highest capacity for biofilm formation. Based on microscopic and gene expression data, two different colonization strategies could be distinguished. S-layer containing AOA (from both soil and marine habitats) initialized attachment as single cells and subsequently formed denser layers and three-dimensional structures, while the S-layer free species of the Nitrosocosmicus clade attached as suspended aggregates to the surface and henceforth showed fastest establishment of biofilm. Transcription profiles were significantly different between planktonic and biofilm growth in all strains and revealed individual reactions, often fulfilling shared functions. In particular the strong expression of different types of multicopper oxidases was observed in all strains indicating modifications of their cell coats. S-layer carrying AOA each additionally expressed a set of adhesion proteins supporting attachment. Detoxification of nitrous compounds, copper acquisition as well as the expression of transcription factor B were also shared reactions among biofilm producing strains. However, the majority of differentially expressed protein families was distinct among the three strains illustrating that individual solutions have evolved for the shared growth mode of biofilm formation in AOA, probably driven by the different ecological niches.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dreer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pribasnig, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hodgskiss, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, Z.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pozaric, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schleper, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.18.624116</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Biofilm lifestyle as a common trait of ammonia-oxidizing archaea]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.11.15.623576v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reconstitution of Human Brain Cell Diversity in Organoids via Four Protocols 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.11.15.623576v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human brain organoids are powerful in vitro models for brain development and disease. However, their variability can complicate use in biomedical research and drug discovery. Both the specific protocol as well as the pluripotent starting cell line influence organoid variability and can result in incomplete representation of brain cell types in an organoid experiment. Here, we systematically analyze the cellular and transcriptional landscape of brain organoids grown from multiple cell lines using four different protocols recapitulating dorsal and ventral forebrain, midbrain, and striatum. We establish the NEST-Score as a quantitative readout for cell line-driven and protocol-driven differentiation propensities by comparing cellular states across multiple cell lines and to in vivo reference data sets. Thereby, we establish a set of organoid protocols that together recreate the vast majority of cell types in the developing human brain and provide a reference for how well cell types are recapitulated across cell lines in each protocol. Additionally, we survey factors contributing to variability during organoid development and identify early gene expression signatures predicting protocol-driven organoid generation at later stages. We provide easy online access to our data through a web-based analysis tool, creating a reference for brain organoid research that allows rapid, straightforward validation of protocol and cell line performance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Naas, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balmana, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holcik, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novatchkova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dobnikar, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krausgruber, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ladstatter, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bock, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>von Haeseler, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esk, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knoblich, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.15.623576</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reconstitution of Human Brain Cell Diversity in Organoids via Four Protocols]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.11.27.625738v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Notch Signaling Drives Pro-Regenerative and Migratory Traits in Glandular Stem/Progenitor Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.11.27.625738v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Organoid models have advanced our understanding of adult stem/progenitor cell dynamics and function. However, uncovering the regulatory mechanisms of scarce and often quiescent stem cells in organs like the salivary glands remains challenging. Using single-cell RNA sequencing and bulk ATAC and RNA-sequencing analysis, we conducted in-depth profiling of the cellular populations and key signaling pathways characterizing a mouse submandibular salivary gland organoid (mSGO) model at different temporal stages and in response to radiation damage. We identified Sox9- and Itgb1-expressing cells as the most primitive adult stem/progenitor populations and uncover novel stemness and migratory roles for Cd44-expressing cells. Moreover, we revealed that Notch signaling is essential for maintaining self-renewal and migration potential of these stem/progenitor cells post-irradiation. Extending these findings to patient-derived mSGOs, as well as murine and patient-derived mammary and thyroid gland organoids, we confirmed Notch signaling as a conserved regulator of stem/progenitor cell function under migrative and regenerative conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cinat, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maturi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunawan, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jellema-de Bruin, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kracht, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soto-Gamez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Goethem, M.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holtman, I. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pringle, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barazzuol, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coppes, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.27.625738</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Notch Signaling Drives Pro-Regenerative and Migratory Traits in Glandular Stem/Progenitor Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.11.28.625222v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The adaptation of chlamydiae to facultative host multicellularity 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.11.28.625222v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The phylum Chlamydiota consists of obligate intracellular bacteria comprising the human pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis and a large variety of species infecting animals and protists. Despite their enormous diversity, a feature shared by all known chlamydiae is their biphasic developmental cycle, consisting of intra- and extracellular stages with substantial differences in morphology and physiology. A similarly remarkable shift occurs in the amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum and related dictyostelids in their so-called social life cycle, leading to the formation of spores through aggregation of vegetative trophozoites and the development of multicellular fruiting bodies. Although dictyostelids undergo symbioses with various bacteria, chlamydiae have only recently been found to be associated with this host. Here we report the isolation of a Dictyostelium giganteum strain naturally infected with a chlamydial symbiont, identified as a novel species, Reclusachlamydia socialis. The symbiont is retained in all stages of the hosts social life cycle and notably lacks an extracellular form. Combining fluorescence microscopy and quantitative PCR we showed that transmission is entirely dependent on cell-to-cell contact during the host aggregation stage. The absence of an extracellular stage is further supported by transmission electron microscopy and the lack of genes essential for chlamydial developmental cycle regulation and extracellular survival. This unprecedented variation of a highly conserved developmental feature that evolved more than a billion years ago illustrates the remarkable adaptability of chlamydiae. This study adds to our understanding of endosymbiosis in the face of facultative multicellularity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Helmlinger, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arthofer, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cyran, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collingro, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.28.625222</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The adaptation of chlamydiae to facultative host multicellularity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.12.04.626797v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
At-RS31 orchestrates hierarchical cross-regulation of splicing factors and integrates alternative splicing with TOR-ABA pathways 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.12.04.626797v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
O_LIAlternative splicing is essential for plants, enabling a single gene to produce multiple transcript variants to boost functional diversity and fine-tune responses to environmental and developmental cues. At-RS31, a plant-specific splicing factor in the Serine/Arginine (SR)-rich protein family, responds to light and the Target of Rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway, yet its downstream targets and regulatory impact remain unknown.
C_LIO_LITo identify At-RS31 targets, we applied individual-nucleotide resolution crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (iCLIP) and RNAcompete assays. Transcriptomic analyses of At-RS31 mutant and overexpressing plants further revealed its effects on alternative splicing.
C_LIO_LIiCLIP identified 4,034 At-RS31 binding sites across 1,421 genes, enriched in CU-rich and CAGA RNA motifs. Comparative iCLIP and RNAcompete data indicate that the RS domain of At-RS31 may influence its binding specificity in planta, underscoring the value of combining in vivo and in vitro approaches. Transcriptomic analysis showed that At-RS31 modulates diverse splicing events, particularly intron retention and exitron splicing, and influences other splicing modulators, acting as a hierarchical regulator.
C_LIO_LIBy regulating stress-response genes and genes in both TOR and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathways, At-RS31 may help integrate these signals, balancing plant growth with environmental adaptability through alternative splicing.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Koster, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venhuizen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewinski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petrillo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marquez, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuchs, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ray, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nimeth, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riegler, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franzmeier, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hudges, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Staiger, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalyna, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.04.626797</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[At-RS31 orchestrates hierarchical cross-regulation of splicing factors and integrates alternative splicing with TOR-ABA pathways]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.12.10.627464v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nonuple atg8 mutant provides genetic evidence for functional specialization of ATG8 isoforms in Arabidopsis thaliana 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.12.10.627464v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Autophagy sustains cellular health by recycling damaged or excess components through autophagosomes. It is mediated by conserved ATG proteins, which coordinate autophagosome biogenesis and selective cargo degradation. Among these, the ubiquitin-like ATG8 protein plays a central role by linking cargo to the growing autophagosomes through interacting with selective autophagy receptors. Unlike most ATG proteins, the ATG8 gene family is significantly expanded in vascular plants, but its functional specialization remains poorly understood. Using transcriptional and translational reporters in Arabidopsis thaliana, we revealed that ATG8 isoforms are differentially expressed across tissues and form distinct autophagosomes within the same cell. To explore ATG8 specialization, we generated the nonuple{Delta} atg8 mutant lacking all nine ATG8 isoforms. The mutant displayed hypersensitivity to carbon and nitrogen starvation, coupled with defects in bulk and selective autophagy as shown by biochemical and ultrastructural analyses. Complementation experiments demonstrated that ATG8A could rescue both carbon and nitrogen starvation phenotypes, whereas ATG8H could only complement carbon starvation. Proximity labeling proteomics further identified isoform-specific interactors under nitrogen starvation, underscoring their functional divergence. These findings provide genetic evidence for functional specialization of ATG8 isoforms in plants and lay the foundation for investigating their roles in diverse cell types and stress conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Del Chiaro, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grujic, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papareddy, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loefke, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharya, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruetzner, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bourguet, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berger, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, B.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marillonnet, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dagdas, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.10.627464</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nonuple atg8 mutant provides genetic evidence for functional specialization of ATG8 isoforms in Arabidopsis thaliana]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.12.18.629163v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Architecture of the UBR4 complex, a giant E4 ligase central to eukaryotic protein quality control 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.12.18.629163v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Eukaryotic cells have evolved sophisticated quality control mechanisms to eliminate aggregation-prone proteins that compromise cellular health. Central to this defense is the ubiquitin-proteasome system, where UBR4 acts as essential E4 ubiquitin ligase, amplifying degradation marks on defective proteins. Our cryo-EM analysis of UBR4 in complex with its cofactors KCMF1 and CALM1 reveals a massive 1.3 MDa ring structure, featuring a central substrate-binding arena and flexibly attached catalytic units. Structural data illustrate how UBR4 binds substrate and extends K48-specific ubiquitin chains. Importantly, efficient substrate targeting depends on both pre-ubiquitination and specific N-degrons, with KCMF1 acting as key substrate filter. Furthermore, we show that the architecture of the E4 megacomplex is conserved across eukaryotes but with species specific adaptations, allowing UBR4 to perform its precisely tuned quality-control function in diverse cellular environments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Grabarczyk, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ehrmann, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurzbauer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bell, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deszcz, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neuhold, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schleiffer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shulkina, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Versteeg, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meinhart, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zavodszky, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hegde, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clausen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.18.629163</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Architecture of the UBR4 complex, a giant E4 ligase central to eukaryotic protein quality control]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.12.24.630226v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Engineering an Exo70 integrated domain of a barley NLR for improved blast resistance 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.12.24.630226v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intracellular immune receptors protect plants from microbial invasion by detecting and responding to pathogen-derived effector molecules, often triggering cell death responses. However, pathogen effectors can evolve to avoid immune recognition, resulting in devastating diseases that threaten global agriculture. Here, we show that an integrated Exo70 domain from the barley NLR RGH2 can interact with both the rice blast pathogen effector AVR-Pii and a closely related wheat blast variant. We used structure-led engineering to develop RGH2+ that shows increased binding affinity towards AVR-Pii variants and increased cell death responses on heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana. Infection assays in transgenic barley lines carrying RGH2+ with the paired NLR RGH3 indicate a reduced susceptibility to blast strains expressing AVR-Pii variants. These results demonstrate the potential of engineering NLR receptors as an effective strategy for improving resistance towards one of the most destructive diseases affecting cereal production.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Saado, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brabham, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lam, A. H. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez-Pinzon, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moscou, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Concepcion, J. C. D. l.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banfield, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.24.630226</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Engineering an Exo70 integrated domain of a barley NLR for improved blast resistance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.01.17.633636v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The coordinated action of UFMylation and ribosome-associated quality control pathway clears arrested nascent chains at the endoplasmic reticulum 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.01.17.633636v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Clearance of incomplete nascent polypeptides resulting from ribosomal stalling is essential for protein homeostasis. While ribosome-associated quality control (RQC) mechanisms that degrade these polypeptides are well-characterized in the cytosol, how stalled endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-bound ribosomes are cleared remains poorly understood. Stalled ER-bound ribosomes are marked by ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (UFM1) on large ribosomal subunit protein RPL26, but the precise function and regulation of this process are unclear. Here, we demonstrate that canonical RQC factors associate with ribosomes stalled at the ER. Functional cellular assays using ER-targeted stalling reporters reveal that while ribosome splitting is a prerequisite for UFMylation of RPL26, the UFMylation persists without late RQC components that are involved in the clearance of arrested nascent chains (NEMF and LTN1). The UFM1 E3 ligase complex binds to and UFMylates the 60S-peptidyl-tRNA complex and, in concert with the canonical RQC pathway, facilitates the clearance of arrested polypeptides. Our findings reveal that UFMylation acts to maintain translational integrity at the ER.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mihailovic, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anisimova, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erte, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Styliara, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dagdas, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karagoz, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.17.633636</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The coordinated action of UFMylation and ribosome-associated quality control pathway clears arrested nascent chains at the endoplasmic reticulum]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.01.09.632196v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effector-triggered processing body formation attenuates host translation via ER stress responses and autophagy upon bacterial infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.01.09.632196v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pathogens employ sophisticated strategies to modulate host protein homeostasis by targeting proteolytic pathways, but their impact on protein synthesis remains elusive. We report that pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas syringae (Pst) targets ribonucleoprotein condensates, known as processing bodies (P-bodies), to attenuate host translation through two effectors with liquid-like properties. We uncovered a previously unknown link that Pst-mediated repression of the ER stress response is required for P-body assembly. Furthermore, we identify a novel intersection between P-bodies and autophagy, demonstrating that autophagic clearance of P-bodies is crucial for maintaining the balance between translationally active and inactive mRNAs. Altogether, our discoveries provide novel insights on how host translation is attenuated by bacteria to dampen plant immunity and uncover unknown connections between ER stress responses and autophagy with P-body dynamics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez-Fuente, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schulz, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdrakhmanov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Izzati, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Langin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gouguet, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franz-Wachtel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macek, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hafren, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dagdas, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Üstün, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.09.632196</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effector-triggered processing body formation attenuates host translation via ER stress responses and autophagy upon bacterial infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.01.17.633522v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Feeder-free culture of naive human pluripotent stem cells retaining embryonic, extraembryonic and blastoid generation potential 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.01.17.633522v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Conventional human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are widely used to study early embryonic development, generate somatic cells, and model diseases, with differentiation potential aligned to a post-implantation epiblast identity. In the past decade, naive hPSCs, representing a pre-implantation stage, have been derived. Naive hPSCs efficiently differentiate towards embryonic and extraembryonic lineages such as trophectoderm, primitive endoderm, and extraembryonic mesoderm, and also self-organize into blastocyst-like structures called blastoids. However, their culture typically relies on mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), which are variable, resource-intensive, and can confound analyses. We report the long-term maintenance of naive hPSCs in a feeder-free, serum-coated system. We successfully expanded for up to 25 passages 8 different naive hPSCs lines across 5 laboratories. Growth rate, clonogenicity, and gene expression profiles on serum coating were comparable to MEF-based cultures, but serum coating eliminated fibroblast contamination. Naive hPSCs cultured on serum exhibited more efficient germ layer specification, retained trophectoderm potential and high blastoid formation efficiency. Exome sequencing revealed fewer mutations in serum-cultured cells, and mass spectrometry identified extracellular matrix proteins such as vitronectin, fibronectin, and collagens in the serum coating. Overall, serum coating offers a scalable, cost-effective and therefore widely applicable alternative for naive hPSC culture, maintaining developmental potential, reducing DNA mutations, and eliminating MEF-related confounding factors. We believe serum coating will expand the use of naive hPSCs to large-scale studies and facilitate the investigation of mechanistic insights into developmental and disease modelling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rossignoli, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oberhuemer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brun, I. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zorzan, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osnato, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wenzel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Genderen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drusin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panebianco, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magri, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solis, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colantuono, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Knippenberg, S. S. F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, T. X. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khodeer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grumati, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cacchiarelli, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martini, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivron, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pasque, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zylicz, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leeb, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martello, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.17.633522</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Feeder-free culture of naive human pluripotent stem cells retaining embryonic, extraembryonic and blastoid generation potential]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.01.26.634934v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Two CTCF motifs impede cohesin-mediated DNA loop extrusion 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.01.26.634934v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cohesin extrudes DNA into loops and is positioned along the genome by stalling at CTCF upon encountering its N-terminal region (NTR). The mechanism underlying this stalling, however, is unresolved. Using single-molecule assays that monitor DNA loop extrusion (LE) in the presence of NTR fragments, we identify two amino acid motifs, YDF and KTYQR, that hinder LE. KTYQR is found to fully impede LE activity, while YDF hinders cohesin to complete LE step cycles and converts cohesin into a unidirectional extruder by strengthening the affinity of STAG1 to DNA. We thus identify two distinct NTR motifs that stall LE via different yet synergistic mechanisms, highlighting the multifaceted ways employed by CTCF to modulate LE to shape and regulate genomes.

One-Sentence SummaryThe N-terminus of CTCF employs two independent motifs that synergistically stall cohesin-mediated DNA loop extrusion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barth, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janissen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muras, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Torre, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Litos, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Sluis, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Graaf, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, I. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dekker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.26.634934</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Two CTCF motifs impede cohesin-mediated DNA loop extrusion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.08.28.610186v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The SP140-RESIST pathway regulates interferon mRNA stability and antiviral immunity 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.08.28.610186v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Type I interferons (IFN-Is) are essential for antiviral immunity but must be tightly regulated1-3. The conserved transcriptional repressor SP140 inhibits interferon beta (Ifnb1) expression via an unknown mechanism4,5. Here we report that SP140 does not directly repress Ifnb1 transcription. Instead, SP140 negatively regulates Ifnb1 mRNA stability by directly repressing the expression of a previously uncharacterized regulator we call RESIST (REgulated Stimulator of Interferon via Stabilization of Transcript, previously annotated as Annexin-2 Receptor). RESIST promotes Ifnb1 mRNA stability by counteracting Ifnb1 mRNA destabilization mediated by the Tristetraprolin (TTP) family of RNA-binding proteins and the CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex. SP140 localizes within nuclear bodies, punctate structures that play important roles in silencing DNA virus gene expression in the nucleus4. Consistent with this observation, we found that SP140 inhibits replication of the gammaherpesvirus MHV68. The antiviral activity of SP140 was independent of its ability to regulate Ifnb1. Our results establish dual antiviral and interferon regulatory functions for SP140. We propose that SP140 and RESIST participate in antiviral effector-triggered immunity6,7.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Witt, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dziulko, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, O. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lari, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chavez, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turner, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kotov, D. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abraham, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dhaliwal, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coscoy, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glaunsinger, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuong, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vance, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.28.610186</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The SP140-RESIST pathway regulates interferon mRNA stability and antiviral immunity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.01.29.635407v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-Throughput Glycan Array Screening Reveals Rhamnogalacturonan-I as a Ligand for Arabidopsis Leucine-Rich Repeat Receptor Kinases 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.01.29.635407v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The plant cell wall not only serves as a physical barrier against pathogens but, when damaged, also functions as a source of cell wall-derived molecules that play crucial roles in plant immunity as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). While oligogalacturonides from homogalacturonan are well-studied DAMPs, the immune-signaling potential of other cell wall components remains largely unexplored. Conventional genetic and biochemical approaches aimed at identifying ligand-receptor pairs in plant immunity have been limited by the vast diversity of potential ligand molecules and functional redundancy of putative receptors. Here, we developed a high-throughput screening pipeline that simultaneously examines multiple interactions between plant cell wall-derived glycans and >350 extracellular domains (ECDs) of receptor kinases and receptor like proteins in Arabidopsis, resulting in the screening of >40,000 interactions. We discovered a group of leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases named ARMs (AWARENESS of RG-I MAINTENANCES) that interact with rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I), a major component of pectin. RG-I treatment induced pattern-triggered immunity responses, with distinct kinetics compared to oligogalacturonide responses. We identified RG-I oligosaccharide structures required for interaction with ARM receptors and immune activation, and found that ARM receptors are redundantly involved in plant immunity. Collectively, our approach provides a powerful platform for discovering glycan-receptor pairs in plants, facilitating a more comprehensive understanding of cell wall surveillance mechanisms in plant immunity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>LEE, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruprecht, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, M.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hrovat, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edelbacher, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Enugutti, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blaukopf, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belkhadir, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smakowska-Luzan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pfrengle, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.29.635407</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-Throughput Glycan Array Screening Reveals Rhamnogalacturonan-I as a Ligand for Arabidopsis Leucine-Rich Repeat Receptor Kinases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.01.31.635879v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Insights into adhesive and neuronal cell populations of the chaetognath Spadella cephaloptera using a single-nuclei transcriptomic atlas and genomic resources 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.01.31.635879v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To cope with extreme environmental conditions diverse marine species have developed mechanisms that allow them to permanently or temporarily attach to substrates. In the intertidal zone of marine habitats, where tidal ranges and currents may drift organisms away from their habitat, temporary adhesive systems such as the one inherent the arrow worm Spadella cephaloptera (Chaetognatha) constitute an essential trait for the survival of this taxon. The underlying molecular mechanism of this system has not been described yet, and the existing morphological information is limited to adults. Furthermore, a relationship between the nervous system and the attachment in S. cephaloptera remains to be demonstrated. In this study, single-nuclei sequencing of S. cephaloptera hatchlings was performed, using as a reference a newly sequenced and assembled genome to identify the transcriptomic profiles of the cells mediating attachment, neuronal populations, and the main cell types of chaetognath hatchlings. Our findings, supported by previous studies, suggest that the chaetognath adhesive system evolved convergently to those of other other metazoans. Moreover, diverse cell types were identified in the ventral nerve center and multiple ciliated cell types previously described from anatomical observations were validated. Ongoing in-depth investigation of these data, together with datasets from other developmental stages, will provide further insights into the evolutionary origins of the unique chaetognath body plan.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barrera Grijalba, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ordonez, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montenegro, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wollesen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.31.635879</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Insights into adhesive and neuronal cell populations of the chaetognath Spadella cephaloptera using a single-nuclei transcriptomic atlas and genomic resources]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.01.30.635736v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Improving American chestnut resistance to two invasive pathogens through genome-enabled breeding 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.01.30.635736v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Over a century after two introduced pathogens decimated American chestnut populations, breeding programs continue to incorporate resistance from Chinese chestnut to recover self-sustaining populations. Due to complex genetics of chestnut blight resistance, it is challenging to obtain trees with sufficient resistance and competitive growth. We developed high quality reference genomes for Chinese and American chestnut and leveraged large disease phenotype and genotype datasets to develop accurate genomic selection. Inoculation and simulation results indicate that resistance may be substantially increased in trees that inherited 70% to 100% of their genome from American chestnut. To facilitate gene editing, we integrated multiple lines of evidence to discover candidate alleles for blight resistance and susceptibility. These genomic resources provide a strong foundation to accelerate restoration of this iconic tree.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Westbrook, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malukiewicz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sreedasyam, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jenkins, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lakoba, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fitzsimmons, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Clief, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collins, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stark, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grabowski, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jenkins, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saielli, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jarrett, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wigfield, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerwien, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilbur, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandercock, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Craddock, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zannini, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerio, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhebentyayeva, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abbott, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boston, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plott, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carle, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swatt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ostroff, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeffers, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mckeever, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellis, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sisco, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newhouse, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Powell, W. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hebard, F. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>S</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.30.635736</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Improving American chestnut resistance to two invasive pathogens through genome-enabled breeding]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.01.29.635337v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A maize near-isogenic line population designed for gene discovery and characterization of allelic effects 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.01.29.635337v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In this study we characterized a panel of 1,264 maize near-isogenic lines (NILs), developed from crosses between 18 diverse inbred lines and the recurrent parent B73, referred to as nested NILs (nNILs). 884 of the nNILs were genotyped using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). Subsequently, 24 of these nNILs, and all the parental lines, were re-genotyped using a high-density SNP chip. A novel pipeline for calling introgressions, which does not rely on knowing the donor parent of each nNIL, was developed based on a hidden Markov model (HMM) algorithm. By comparing the introgressions detected using GBS data with those identified using chip data, we optimized the HMM parameters for analyzing the entire nNIL population. A total of 2,972 introgressions were identified across the 884 nNILs. Individual introgression blocks ranged from 21 bp to 204 Mbp, with an average size of 17 Mbp. By comparing SNP genotypes within introgressed segments to the known genotypes of the donor lines we determined that in about one third of the lines, the identity of the donors did not match expectation based on their pedigrees.

We characterized the entire nNIL population for three foliar diseases. Using these data, we mapped a number of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for disease resistance in the nNIL population and observed extensive variation in effects among the alleles from different donor parents at most QTL identified. This population will be of significant utility for dissecting complex agronomic traits and allelic series in maize.

Significance StatementThe study reports the characterization of a publicly available population of 1,264 maize near-isogenic lines largely derived from a single recurrent parent and 18 donor lines. This population is likely to be of significant utility for the characterization of allelic series at loci of interest.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhong, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mullens, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morales, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swarts, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stafstrom, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sermons, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Zuniga, L. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rucker, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomason, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jamann, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balint-Kurti, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holland, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.29.635337</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A maize near-isogenic line population designed for gene discovery and characterization of allelic effects]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.02.07.637071v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pannagram: unbiased pangenome alignment and the Mobilome calling 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.02.07.637071v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pannagram is a toolkit for unbiased pangenome alignment and Mobilome detection based on full-genome assemblies. It consists of two components: a command-line interface for performing the multiple genome alignment in different modes, extracting features such as structural variants (SVs), and searching sequences between datasets; and an R library that provides tools for analyzing alignments and SVs, as well as visualizing every step of the Mobilome analysis pipeline. As a proof of concept, we applied Pannagram to 12 Cucumis sativus genomes, identified SVs, and constructed the graph of nestedness for these variants. Within this graph, we identified families of actually mobile elements belonging to known transposable element families (LINEs, LTRs, and TIRs) and uncovered candidates for a novel type of mobile elements. Our results highlight the power of Pannagram in Mobilome discovery while ensuring an unbiased approach to pangenome analysis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Igolkina, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bezlepsky, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nordborg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.07.637071</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pannagram: unbiased pangenome alignment and the Mobilome calling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.02.10.636595v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A fluorescent folding reporter uncovers myosin misfolding as a driver of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.02.10.636595v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a fatal genetic disorder causing the thickening of ventricular walls in the heart muscle. While certain mutations in cardiac myosin deregulate ATPase activity, the pathology mechanism of most HCM mutations is not known. Here, by designing a fluorescent reporter to monitor myosin folding in cells, we uncovered a distinct class of HCM mutations that cause graded defects in myosin maturation. Using C. elegans as a disease model, we found that folding deficient HCM variants cause myofilament disruption, impaired motility, and reduced lifespan. Dietary restrictions resulted in a near-complete recovery from these detrimental defects by activating autophagy pathways through insulin/TOR signaling. In conclusion, our study identifies myosin misfolding as an important driver of HCM, revealing therapeutic opportunities to counteract muscle protein disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Arnese, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dexheimer, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Escobar Doncel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krueger, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adhikari, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krpan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sehr, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kley, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deszcz, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meinhart, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirstein, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clausen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.10.636595</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A fluorescent folding reporter uncovers myosin misfolding as a driver of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.02.10.637359v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cohesin guides homology search during DNA repairvia loops and sister chromatid linkages 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.02.10.637359v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accurate repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is essential for genome stability, and defective repair underlies diseases such as cancer. Homologous recombination uses an intact homologous sequence to faithfully restore damaged DNA, yet how broken DNA ends find homologous sites in a genome containing billions of non-homologous bases remains unclear. Here, we introduce sister-pore-C, a high-resolution method for mapping intra- and trans-molecular interactions in replicated chromosomes. We show that DSBs reshape chromosome architecture by recruiting two functionally distinct pools of cohesin. Loop-forming cohesin accumulates across a megabase-scale domain to control homology sampling within topologically associating domains (TADs) surrounding the break site, while cohesive cohesin concentrates at the break site to tether broken ends to the sister chromatid. This dual mechanism restricts the homology search space, highlighting how chromosome conformation helps preserve genomic integrity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Teloni, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takacs, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitter, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Langer, C. C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prlesi, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinacker, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reuter, V. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mylarshchikov, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerlich, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.10.637359</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cohesin guides homology search during DNA repairvia loops and sister chromatid linkages]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.02.12.637884v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A functional map of phosphoprotein phosphatase regulation identifies an evolutionary conserved reductase for the catalytic metal ions 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.02.12.637884v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Serine/Threonine phosphoprotein phosphatases (PPPs, PP1-PP7) are conserved metalloenzymes and central to intracellular signaling in eukaryotes, but the details of their regulation is poorly understood. To address this, we performed genome-wide CRISPR knockout and focused base editor screens in PPP perturbed conditions to establish a high-resolution functional map of PPP regulation that pinpoints novel regulatory mechanisms. Through this, we identify the orphan reductase CYB5R4 as an evolutionarily conserved activator of PP4 and PP6, but not the closely related PP2A. Heme binding is essential for CYB5R4 function and mechanistically involves the reduction of the metal ions in the active site. Importantly, CYB5R4-mediated activation of PP4 is critical for cell viability when cells are treated with DNA damage-inducing agents known to cause oxidative stress. The discovery of a dedicated PPP reductase points to shared regulatory principles with protein tyrosine phosphatases, where specific enzymes dictate activity by regulating the active site redox state. In sum, our work provides a resource for understanding PPP function and the regulation of intracellular signaling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Meeusen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ambjoern, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riley, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vit, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brauer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moeller, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greiner, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weisser, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garvanska, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davey, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kettenbach, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ogris, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nilsson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.12.637884</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A functional map of phosphoprotein phosphatase regulation identifies an evolutionary conserved reductase for the catalytic metal ions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.02.14.638295v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Static morphogen scaling enables proportional growth in tissue growth model inspired by axolotl limb regeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.02.14.638295v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Axolotls can regenerate lost limbs throughout life, while they continue to grow. This poses the question of how the size and pattern of a regenerating limb is matched to a widely varying animal size. Two interacting signaling molecules, SHH and FGF8, are produced at opposite sides of the regenerating limb and sustain tissue growth through a pair of oppositely-oriented signaling gradients. As the size of the regrowing tissue can vary more than three-fold depending on the size of the animal, it is unclear how the activities of these mutually dependent morphogens are maintained and subsequently terminated to determine appropriate growth. Scaling of limb regeneration suggests a size-dependent adaptation of morphogen gradient parameters. Inspired by this biological example, we theoretically investigate general mechanisms of morphogen-controlled growth arrest and proportional growth. In the proposed mechanism, tissue growth increases the spatial distance between the two morphogen gradients, which eventually arrests morphogen activity and growth. We put forward two distinct scaling scenarios of morphogen gradients: either dynamic scaling with blastema size, where morphogen gradient parameters change dynamically with the growing tissue, or static scaling with animal size, where morphogen gradient parameters stay constant during blastema growth and only depend on animal size. We show that static scaling ensures proportional growth, but dynamic scaling does not. We compare theory predictions to experimental quantification of SHH and FGF8 morphogen gradient parameters at different time-points of regeneration in different-sized animals, indicating static scaling for some morphogen parameters, which is sufficient to ensure proportional growth in our model.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lyubaykina, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knapp, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tardivo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandoval-Guzman, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedrich, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.14.638295</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Static morphogen scaling enables proportional growth in tissue growth model inspired by axolotl limb regeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.10.30.621095v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Specific origin selection and excess functional MCM2-7 loading in ORC-deficient cells. 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.10.30.621095v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The six subunit Origin Recognition Complex (ORC) loads excess MCM2-7 on chromosomes to promote initiation of DNA replication and is believed to be important for origin specification. Mapping of origins in cancer cell lines engineered to delete three of the subunits, ORC1, ORC2 or ORC5 shows that specific origins are still used and are mostly at the same sites in the genome as in wild type cells. The few thousand origins that were up-regulated in the absence of ORC suggest that GC/TA skewness and simple repeat sequences facilitate, but are not essential for, origin selection in the absence of the six-subunit ORC. Despite the lack of ORC, excess MCM2-7 is still loaded at comparable rates in G1 phase to license dormant origins and is also repeatedly loaded in the same S phase to permit re-replication. Thus, origin specification and excess MCM2-7 loading on origins do not require the six-subunit ORC in human cancer cell lines.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shibata, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peycheva, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shibata, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malzl, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pavri, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dutta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.30.621095</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Specific origin selection and excess functional MCM2-7 loading in ORC-deficient cells.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.02.26.640300v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phytochrome A is required for light-inhibited germination of Aethionema arabicum seed 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.02.26.640300v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
O_LIThe germination of most seeds is influenced by the duration, intensity, and quality of light. The seeds of the model plant Arabidopsis are positive photoblastic and require light to germinate. The germination of negative photoblastic seeds is inhibited by white light. The molecular mechanisms that regulate negative photoblastic germination are unknown due to the lack of a suitable model plant.
C_LIO_LIWe identified an accession with negative photoblastic germination in Aethionema arabicum that grows in semi-arid natural habitats. In a forward genetic screen, we identified a mutant - koyash2 (koy2) - that is defective in negative photoblastic germination. There is a nonsense mutation in the gene encoding the phytochrome A photoreceptor in the koy2 mutant.
C_LIO_LIHere we show that phytochrome A is required for negative photoblastic germination. The defective negative photoblastic phenotype of the koy2 mutant is the result of defective inhibition of germination by the phytochrome A mediated high-irradiance response.
C_LIO_LIThis is the first example of phytochrome A-mediated response controlling negative photoblastic seed germination in white, red, far-red, and blue light. We speculate that genetically encoded variation in phytochrome A-mediated germination responses is responsible for local adaptation of Ae. arabicum throughout the Irano-Turanian region.
C_LI

One sentence summaryIdentification and characterization of a phytochrome A null mutant demonstrates an active role of phytochrome A in light-inhibited seed germination in Aethionema arabicum, a negative photoblastic Mediterranean plant.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Merai, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hajdu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kozma-Bognar, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dolan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.26.640300</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phytochrome A is required for light-inhibited germination of Aethionema arabicum seed]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.02.25.640081v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In vivo crosslinking and effective 2D enrichment for interactome studies of the nucleosome. 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.02.25.640081v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cross-linking mass spectrometry has evolved as a powerful technique to study protein-protein interactions and to provide structural information over the past decades. Low reaction efficiencies, and complex matrices lead to challenging system wide crosslink analysis. In this study, we improved and streamlined an Azide-A-DSBSO based in vivo crosslinking workflow employing two orthogonal effective enrichment steps: Affinity enrichment and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Combined, they allow an effective pulling of DSBSO containing peptides and remove the background of linear as well as mono-linked peptides. We found that the analysis of a single SEC fraction is effective to yield [~]90% of all crosslinks, which is important whenever measurement time is limited, and sample throughput is crucial. Our workflow resulted in more than 5000 crosslinks from K562 cells and generated a comprehensive PPI network from whole cells as well as nuclear extracts. From 393 PPI found within the nucleus, 56 have not yet been reported in the STING database and are representing a valuable resource for investigating new molecular mechanisms and provide complementary data for future studies. We further show, that by applying DSBSO to nuclear extracts we yield more crosslinks on lower abundant proteins and showcase this on the DEAD-box RNA helicase DDX39B which is predominantly expressed in the nucleus. Our data indicates that DDX39B is present in monomeric and dimeric form together with DDX39A within the nuclear extracts analyzed.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Braeuer, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tirian, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mueller, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mechtler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matzinger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.25.640081</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In vivo crosslinking and effective 2D enrichment for interactome studies of the nucleosome.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.12.21.629875v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Breaking Barriers in Crosslinking Mass Spectrometry: Enhanced Throughput and Sensitivity with the Orbitrap Astral Mass Analyzer 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.12.21.629875v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The advancement of crosslinking mass spectrometry (CLMS) has significantly enhanced the ability to study protein-protein interactions and complex biological systems. This study evaluates the performance of the Orbitrap Astral and Eclipse mass spectrometers in CLMS workflows, focusing on the identification of low-abundance crosslinked peptides. The comparison employed consistent liquid chromatography setups and experimental conditions, using Cas9 crosslinked with PhoX and DSSO as quality control samples. Results demonstrated that the Astral analyzer outperformed the Eclipse, achieving over 40% more unique residue pairs (URP) due to its superior sensitivity and dynamic range, attributed to its multi-reflection time-of-flight analyzer and nearly lossless ion transmission. Additionally, the study revealed that single higher-energy collisional dissociation (HCD) fragmentation methods significantly outperformed stepped HCD methods on the Astral, while the Eclipse maintained similar performance across both approaches. Gradient optimization experiments further highlighted the impact of separation times on crosslink identifications, with longer gradients yielding higher identification rates. Collectively, this work underscores the importance of instrumentation choice, fragmentation strategies, and method optimization in maximizing CLMS performance for protein interaction studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mueller, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stejskal, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mechtler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.21.629875</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Breaking Barriers in Crosslinking Mass Spectrometry: Enhanced Throughput and Sensitivity with the Orbitrap Astral Mass Analyzer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.02.25.640125v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A TNL receptor mediates microbiome feedbacks in Arabidopsis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.02.25.640125v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plant performance depends on the soil microbiome. While microbiome feedbacks are well documented, the mechanisms by which plants perceive and mediate these feedbacks remain unclear. We established a framework using two distinct microbiomes in the same soil, where one led to enhanced growth of the Arabidopsis thaliana accession Col-0. Screening 410 accessions revealed substantial variation in growth feedbacks, which we used for genome-wide association mapping. We identified the immune receptor Mediator of Microbiome Feedback 1 (MMF1) as a candidate gene involved in microbiota feedbacks. Characterisation in the reference accession Col-0 revealed that mmf1 mutants lost the beneficial growth feedback, had an altered root bacterial community, and failed to induce a defence-related transcriptional response observed in wild-type plants. The discovery of MMF1 implies that integration of microbial signals optimises host microbiome composition and immune status to enhance growth.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Janse van Rensburg, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schandry, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waelchli, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stengele, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cadot, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jandrasits, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlaeppi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.25.640125</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A TNL receptor mediates microbiome feedbacks in Arabidopsis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.02.28.640832v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Structural Dynamics of IRE1 and its Interaction with Unfolded Peptides 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.02.28.640832v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a crucial signaling network that preserves endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis, impacting both health and disease. When ER stress occurs, often due to an accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER lumen, the UPR initiates a broad cellular program to counteract cytotoxic effects. Inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), a conserved ER-bound protein, is a key sensor of ER stress and activator of the UPR. While biochemical studies confirm IRE1s role in recognizing unfolded polypeptides, high-resolution structures showing direct interactions remain elusive. Consequently, the precise structural mechanism by which IRE1 senses unfolded proteins is debated. In this study, we employed advanced molecular modeling and 136,7 s of atomistic molecular dynamics simulations to clarify how IRE1 detects unfolded proteins. Our results demonstrate that IRE1s luminal domain directly interacts with unfolded peptides and reveal how these interactions can stabilize higher-order oligomers. We provide a detailed molecular characterization of unfolded peptide binding, identifying two distinct binding pockets at the dimers center, separate from its central groove. Furthermore, we present high-resolution structures illustrating how BiP associates with IRE1s oligomerization interface, thus preventing the formation of larger complexes. Our structural model reconciles seemingly contradictory experimental findings, offering a unified perspective on the diverse sensing models proposed. We elucidate the structural dynamics of unfolded protein sensing by IRE1, providing key insights into the initial activation of the UPR.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Spinetti, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karagöz, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Covino, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.28.640832</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Structural Dynamics of IRE1 and its Interaction with Unfolded Peptides]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.03.05.641717v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fluorescence Lifetime Unmixing: A New Workflow for FLIM Live-Cell Imaging 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.03.05.641717v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) translates the duration of excited states of fluorophores into lifetime information as additional source of contrast in images of biological samples. This offers the possibility to separate fluorophores particularly beneficial in case of similar excitation spectra. Here, we demonstrate the distinction of fluorescent molecules based on FLIM phasor analysis, called lifetime unmixing, in live-cell imaging using open-source software for analysis. We showcase two applications using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model system. First, we unmixed the highly spectrally overlapping fluorophores mCherry and mKate2 to distinctively track tagged proteins in six-dimensional datasets to investigate cell division in the developing early embryo. Second, we unmixed fluorescence of tagged proteins of interest from masking natural autofluorescence in adult hermaphrodites. For FLIM data handling and workflow implementation, we developed the open-source plugin napari-FLIM-phasor-plotter to implement conversion, visualization, analysis and reuse of FLIM data of different formats. Our work thus advances technical applications and bioimage data management and analysis in FLIM microscopy for life science research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wetzker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zoccoler, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iarovenko, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okafornta, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nobst, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartmann, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mueller-Reichert, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haase, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fabig, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.05.641717</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fluorescence Lifetime Unmixing: A New Workflow for FLIM Live-Cell Imaging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.03.06.641927v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Constitutively active RAS prolongs Cdc42 signalling while attenuating MAPK signalling during fission yeast mating 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.03.06.641927v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The small GTPase RAS is a signalling hub activating multiple pathways, which may respond differently to a constitutively active RAS mutation. We explored this issue using fission yeast, where RAS-mediated pheromone signalling (PS) activates the MAPKSpk1 and Cdc42 pathways. We observed that in cells with the yeast RAS mutant, ras1.G17V, the MAPKSpk1 activation was attenuated similarly to that in wildtype cells, whereas Cdc42 activation was prolonged. We built a mathematical model implementing PS negative-feedback circuits and competition between the two Ras1 effectors, MAPKKKByr2 and Cdc42-GEFScd1. The model robustly predicted the MAPKSpk1 activation dynamics of an additional 20 PS mutants. In support of the model, a recombinant Cdc42-GEFScd1 competed with MAPKKKByr2 for Ras1 binding and overexpression of the Ras binding domain of either Cdc42-GEFScd1 or MAPKKKByr2 inhibited both downstream pathways. Our study has established that the constitutively active RAS signalling propagates differently to downstream pathways where the system prevents MAPK overactivation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kelsall, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kimura, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vertesy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Straatman, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tariq, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gadea, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parmar, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schreiber, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Randhawa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ida, T. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dominguez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klipp, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanaka, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.06.641927</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Constitutively active RAS prolongs Cdc42 signalling while attenuating MAPK signalling during fission yeast mating]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.03.30.646155v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MarpolBase: Genome database for Marchantia polymorpha featuring high quality reference genome sequences 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.03.30.646155v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The liverwort Marchantia polymorpha is a key model organism for understanding land plant evolution, development, and gene regulation. To support the growing demand for high-quality genomic resources, we present MarpolBase, a comprehensive and integrated genome database that hosts newly assembled, high-accuracy reference genomes for both the male Tak-1 and female Tak-2 accessions, designated as ver. 7.1 reference genomes. These new assemblies, generated using PacBio HiFi long-read sequencing, represent nearly telomere-to-telomere chromosome-level genomes, with improvements in assembly continuity, annotation accuracy, and structural resolution--especially for repeat-rich regions and sex chromosomes.

MarpolBase offers not only access to genome sequences and gene annotations but also provides a unified platform for data exploration, comparative analysis, and community-driven gene nomenclature. It includes keyword-searchable gene pages with structural and functional annotations, expression data integration, genome browser visualization, and online analytical and utility tools. By unifying genome assembly, annotation, nomenclature, and analysis tools in a single platform, MarpolBase serves as a central resource for functional genomics and evolutionary studies in M. polymorpha, and a model for future plant genome databases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tanizawa, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mochizuki, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yagura, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sakamoto, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fujisawa, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kawamura, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shimokawa, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamaoka, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nishihama, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berger, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamato, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kohchi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakamura, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.30.646155</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MarpolBase: Genome database for Marchantia polymorpha featuring high quality reference genome sequences]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.04.02.646582v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Plant genetic and root-associated microbial diversity modulate Lactuca sativa responsiveness to a soil inoculum under phosphate deficiency 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.04.02.646582v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
O_LIMicrobial-based approaches have been proposed as a solution to decrease the use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture. Among these, the most promising candidates are arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), with their ability to extend the root surface and absorb phosphate, and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), but their effectiveness has been shown to depend on plant genetic diversity.
C_LIO_LIWith the aim of identifying genetic markers explaining plant differential responses to soil-beneficial microbes, we monitored a panel of 128 fully sequenced varieties of Lactuca sativa in a controlled condition of P starvation, treated with AMF and PSB.
C_LIO_LIResults showed a strong effect of the lettuce genetic variation on the plant physiological and morphological response to the inoculum. Through genome-wide association studies (GWAS), we identified specific genetic regions associated with variations in leaf phosphate and shoot biomass in response to the treatment. Beyond genetic factors, root-associated microbes played a crucial role in shaping key plant nutritional parameters, with a change in fungal {beta}-diversity and an increase in bacterial -diversity associated with progressively higher leaf phosphate and shoot biomass response.
C_LIO_LIIn conclusion, we highlighted key genetic and physiological mechanisms that could play a crucial role in enhancing microbial treatments for optimizing plant phosphate management.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Capparotto, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salvucci, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ciampanelli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sello, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sudiro, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clauw, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altissimo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vuolo, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giovannetti, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.02.646582</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Plant genetic and root-associated microbial diversity modulate Lactuca sativa responsiveness to a soil inoculum under phosphate deficiency]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.03.18.643910v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Root hair lifespan is antagonistically controlled by autophagy and programmed cell death 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.03.18.643910v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Root hairs are tubular tip-growing extensions of root epidermal cells that enhance root surface area for water and nutrient uptake. While mechanisms governing root hair fate, polarity, and tip growth are well understood, the regulation of root hair longevity remains largely unknown. Here, we show that root hair cells employ high levels of autophagy to promote their lifespan. Loss-of-function mutations in the autophagy regulators ATG2, ATG5, or ATG7 induce a premature, cell-autonomous cell death program. This cell death is activated via a gene regulatory network downstream of the NAC transcription factors ANAC046 and ANAC087. Our findings uncover an antagonistic relationship between autophagy and developmentally controlled cell death in root hair lifespan regulation, with potential implications for optimizing plant nutrient and water uptake in crop breeding.



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=193 SRC="FIGDIR/small/643910v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1bd570borg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@19db5eborg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@11279fborg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@661c7_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Feng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dagdas, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nowack, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.18.643910</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Root hair lifespan is antagonistically controlled by autophagy and programmed cell death]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.03.18.643786v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell-type specific autophagy in root hair forming cells is essential for salt stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.03.18.643786v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Autophagy is a vital cellular quality control pathway that enables plants to adapt to changing environments. By degrading damaged or unwanted components, autophagy maintains cellular homeostasis. While the organismal phenotypes of autophagy-deficient plants under stress are well-characterized, the contribution of cell-type-specific autophagy responses to whole-plant homeostasis remains poorly understood. Here, we show that root hair-forming cells (trichoblasts) of Arabidopsis thaliana exhibit higher autophagic flux than adjacent non-hair cells (atrichoblasts). This differential autophagy is genetically linked to cell fate determination during early development. Mutants disrupting trichoblast or atrichoblast identity lose the autophagy distinction between these cell types. Functional analyses reveal that elevated autophagy in trichoblasts is essential for sodium ion sequestration in vacuoles--a key mechanism for salt stress tolerance. Disrupting autophagy specifically in trichoblasts impairs sodium accumulation and reduces plant survival under salt stress. Conversely, cell-type-specific complementation restores both sodium sequestration and stress tolerance. Our findings uncover a cell-type-specific autophagy program in root hairs and demonstrate how developmental cues shape autophagy to enhance stress resilience. This work establishes a direct link between cell identity, autophagy, and environmental adaptation in plants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loefke, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeung, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dagdas, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.18.643786</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell-type specific autophagy in root hair forming cells is essential for salt stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.03.18.643944v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Stmn1-lineage contributes to acinar regeneration but not to neoplasia upon oncogenic Kras expression 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.03.18.643944v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BACKGROUND & AIMSThe exocrine pancreas has a limited regenerative capacity, but to what extent all acinar cells are involved in this process is unclear. Nevertheless, the heterogenous nature of acinar cells suggests that cells exhibiting higher plasticity might play a more prominent role in acinar regeneration. In that regard, Stmn1-expressing acinar cells have been identified as potential facultative progenitor-like cells in the adult pancreas. Here, we studied Stmn1-progeny under physiological conditions, during regeneration, and in the context of KrasG12D expression.

METHODSWe followed the fate of Stmn1-progenies both under baseline conditions, following caerulein-induced acute or chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic duct ligation, and in the context of KrasG12D expression.

RESULTSThe Stmn1-lineage contributes to baseline acinar cell turnover under physiological conditions. Furthermore, these cells rapidly proliferate and repopulate the acinar compartment in response to acute injury in an ADM-independent manner. Moreover, acinar regeneration during chronic pancreatitis progression is in conjunction with a decline in the proliferative capacity of the Stmn1-lineage. Interestingly, newly generated acinar cells display increased susceptibility to additional injury during recurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP). Finally, given their inability to form ADMs, the Stmn1-lineage fails to form PanINs upon oncogenic Kras expression.

CONCLUSIONSOur findings establish the Stmn1-lineage as a pivotal subpopulation for acinar regeneration. The ability of these cells to restore acinar tissue in an ADM-independent manner distinguishes them as a critical regenerative population. This study presents a new paradigm for acinar regeneration and repair in the context of pancreatitis and neoplasia.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dahiya, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reyes Arbujas, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hajihassani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amini, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wageley, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gurbuz, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Copeland, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saleh, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gittes, G. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koo, B.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DelGiorno, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esni, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.18.643944</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Stmn1-lineage contributes to acinar regeneration but not to neoplasia upon oncogenic Kras expression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.03.21.644416v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In vitro approaches to study centriole and cilium function in early mouse embryogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.03.21.644416v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although centrioles and primary cilia play an essential role in early mammalian development, their specific function during the interval between their initial formation and the subsequent arrest of embryogenesis in embryos deficient in centrioles or cilia remains largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that different 3D in vitro model systems recapitulate early centriole and cilium formation in mouse development. Centrioles and cilia are dispensable in 3D in vitro mouse rosettes, a model system that mimics key events of implantation, including polarization and lumenogenesis. In gastruloids, a model system that recapitulates developmental processes up to 8.5 days after fertilization, centriole loss results in early disassembly. In contrast, cells devoid of cilia continue to form elongated, differentiated and polarized gastruloids, with minor differences at 96 h. Finally, we show that in a mutant affecting the centriolar distal appendages, cilia are absent from 2D cultures but are capable of forming in 3D rosettes and gastruloids, highlighting the importance of multifactorial 3D environment setups in developmental studies.

SummaryThis study presents the first in vitro analysis of centriole and cilium formation during early mouse embryonic development, using 3D models to mimic implantation, tissue patterning, and axis elongation, offering a controlled platform for investigating their roles in embryogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Voelkl, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Civetta, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huber, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dammermann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buecker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.21.644416</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In vitro approaches to study centriole and cilium function in early mouse embryogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.03.23.644790v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Flagellar pocket collar biogenesis: Cytoskeletal organization and novel structures in a unicellular parasite 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.03.23.644790v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding how cells build and organize their internal structures is a fundamental question in biology, with important implications for human health and disease. Trypanosomes are single-celled flagellated parasites that cause life-threatening diseases in human and animals. Their survival relies on a specialized compartment called the flagellar pocket (FP), which serves as a gateway for nutrient uptake, and immune evasion. The formation and function of the FP are supported by an intricate cytoskeletal structure known as the flagellar pocket collar (FPC). However, the mechanisms underlying its assembly remain poorly understood.

In this study, we used cutting-edge ultrastructure expansion microscopy (U-ExM) to investigate FPC biogenesis in Trypanosoma brucei. We mapped the formation of the new microtubule quartet (nMtQ) alongside flagellum growth, providing new insights into its assembly. Additionally, we tracked the localization dynamics of key structural proteins - BILBO1, MORN1, and BILBO2 - during the biogenesis of the FPC and the hook complex (HC). Notably, we identified two previously undetected structures: the proFPC and the transient FPC-interconnecting fibre (FPC-IF), both of which appear to play crucial roles in linking and organizing cellular components during cell division.

By uncovering these novel aspects of FPC biogenesis, our study significantly advances the understanding of cytoskeletal organization in trypanosomes and opens new avenues for exploring the functional significance of these structures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zelena, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casas, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lambert, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landrein, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dacheux, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abesamis, K. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varga, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>BONHIVERS, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.23.644790</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Flagellar pocket collar biogenesis: Cytoskeletal organization and novel structures in a unicellular parasite]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.03.28.645948v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effects of base temperature, immersion medium, and EM grid material on devitrification thresholds in cryogenic optical super-resolution microscopy 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.03.28.645948v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cryogenic correlative light and electron microscopy (cryo-CLEM) is an imaging strategy that integrates specific molecular labeling and molecular resolution structural information. However, there is a resolution gap of more than two orders of magnitude between diffraction-limited fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy (EM). Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) performed at cryogenic temperatures promises to bridge this resolution gap. Nevertheless, the high excitation laser powers required for SMLM risk the devitrification of frozen biological samples, leading to perturbation of their native-like state. Here, we investigate how base cooling temperature, immersion medium, and EM grid support materials influence sample devitrification. Using finite element simulations and experimental validation, we show that a cryo-immersion medium enhances heat dissipation for carbon supports, while metallic supports in a cold nitrogen gas medium tolerate higher laser intensities due to lower base temperatures. Gold supports illuminated at 640 nm exhibit markedly high laser thresholds, similar to silver-coated grids. Additionally, metallic supports maintain efficient heat dissipation in vacuum-based cryostats. Our findings provide quantitative insights that aid in optimization of cryo-SMLM setups for improved cryo-CLEM imaging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mojiri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dobbs, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faul, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burg, T. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahamid, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ries, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.28.645948</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effects of base temperature, immersion medium, and EM grid material on devitrification thresholds in cryogenic optical super-resolution microscopy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.03.29.646117v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dual regulation of the unfolded protein response by IGF2BP3 during ER stress 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.03.29.646117v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Misfolded protein accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) perturbs cellular homeostasis, causing pathological ER stress. The Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) is a highly conserved signaling cascade that restores ER homeostasis by countering ER protein overload. Transcriptional response is paramount for UPR signaling and negating ER stress. While multiple UPR-linked mRNAs are post-transcriptionally regulated, the mechanisms mediating this regulation are unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the highly conserved RNA-binding protein IGF2BP3 interacts with transcripts encoding a subset of UPR effectors. During ER stress, IGF2BP3 destabilized many of these target transcripts, including UPR targets. In contrast, IGF2BP3 stabilized mRNAs encoding transcriptional regulators and thereby upregulated expression of UPR target genes. This dual regulation allows IGF2BP3 to differentially upregulate stress response genes while tuning down the expression of other transcripts during ER stress, relieving protein folding load during this critical response. Our data reveal that posttranscriptional mechanisms control transcription, thus forming gene regulatory networks that robustly tune the UPR.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Anisimova, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hornegger, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischer, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Versteeg, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ameres, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karagoz, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.29.646117</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dual regulation of the unfolded protein response by IGF2BP3 during ER stress]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.03.14.642691v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Direct cell-to-cell transmission of retrotransposons 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.03.14.642691v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transposable elements are abundant in host genomes but are generally considered to be confined to the cell in which they are expressed, with the notable exception of endogenous retroviruses. Here, we identify a group of LTR retrotransposons that infect the germline from somatic cells within the Drosophila ovary, despite lacking the fusogenic Envelope protein typically required for retroviral entry. Instead, these elements encode a short transmembrane protein, sORF2, with structural features reminiscent of viral cell-cell fusogens. Through genetics, imaging, and electron microscopy, we show that sORF2 localizes to invasive somatic protrusions, enabling the direct transfer of retrotransposon capsids into the oocyte. Remarkably, sORF2-like proteins are widespread among insect retrotransposons and also occur in piscine nackednaviruses and avian picornaviruses. These findings reveal a noncanonical, Envelope-independent transmission mechanism shared by retrotransposons and non-enveloped viruses, offering important insights into host-pathogen evolution and soma-germline interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Voichek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernhard, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novatchkova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Handler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Möseneder, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rafanel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duchek, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Senti, K.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brennecke, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.14.642691</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Direct cell-to-cell transmission of retrotransposons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.03.29.644889v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Loss-of-Function genetic Screen Unveils Synergistic Efficacy of PARG Inhibition with Combined 5-Fluorouracil and Irinotecan Treatment in Colorectal Cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.03.29.644889v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major global health concern, partly due to resistance to therapy and the lack of new effective treatments for advanced disease. The combination of 5-Fluorouracil (5FU, a thymidylate synthase inhibitor) and irinotecan (a topoisomerase 1 inhibitor) is widely used in first-line and subsequent treatments. This study aimed to identify novel therapeutic targets to enhance combinatorial therapy, improving treatment efficacy and durability of response. We performed a loss-of-function screen using HT29 CRC cell line and a retroviral library containing 7296 shRNAs targeting 912 chromatin genes. Cells were then treated with 5FU and SN38 (the active metabolite of irinotecan) or left untreated for 4 weeks. Genes enriched in resistant clones were identified through next-generation sequencing. Among candidate genes, PARG was selected for functional validation. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout (HT29 PARG-KO) resulted in increased global poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation after 5FU and SN38 treatment. PARG depletion led to reduced cell viability and increased apoptosis, particularly after 5FU exposure. Pharmacological PARG inhibition (PDD00017273) synergized with 5FU and SN38 across three CRC models (HT29, DLD1, HT115). In vivo, HT29 PARG-KO xenografts were more sensitive to 5FU. Immunohistochemical analysis of 170 CRC patient tumors revealed that positive PARG expression correlated with poor response to 5FU + Irinotecan, increased liver metastases, and worse long-term survival. Our findings highlight PARG as a promising therapeutic target for CRC, where its inhibition enhances the efficacy of standard chemotherapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Queralt, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moreta-Moraleda, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Costa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grau-Leal, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diesch, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vendrell-Ayats, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Musulen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buges, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manzano, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cabrero, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuber, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buschbeck, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forcales, S.-V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez-Balibrea, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.29.644889</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Loss-of-Function genetic Screen Unveils Synergistic Efficacy of PARG Inhibition with Combined 5-Fluorouracil and Irinotecan Treatment in Colorectal Cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.03.30.645595v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The essential role of connective-tissue cells during axolotl limb regeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.03.30.645595v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Axolotls (Ambystoma mexicanum) are known for their remarkable limb-regeneration abilities, which involve the formation of the blastema, a specialized structure consisting of progenitor cells contributed by all major tissues of the limb. Lateral plate mesoderm (LPM)-derived connective tissue (CT) cells dedifferentiate and play a critical role in blastema formation and subsequent limb regeneration. However, the complexity of the blastemas cellular composition and the extent of CT participation and necessity have not been rigorously explored. To address this gap, we conducted spatial transcriptomics using a select array of probes, revealing that CT cells constitute up to 75% of the blastema cells at their peak. Genetic ablation of CT cells significantly delays or truncates limb regeneration, underscoring their necessity during this process. Finally, we analyzed the molecular profile of CT cells throughout the stages of blastema formation and made it accessible through an interactive web platform. Our work reaffirms the central role of CT cells in axolotl limb regeneration and lays the foundation for identifying molecular mechanisms that govern blastema formation during the initial phases of limb regeneration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Garcia, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knapp, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jamwal, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuqua, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seaman, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grindle, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nowoshilow, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novatchkova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kolling, F. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graber, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murawala, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.30.645595</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The essential role of connective-tissue cells during axolotl limb regeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.04.01.646524v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Immune surveillance and pruning of neuronal stem cells in the medaka retina 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.04.01.646524v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Stem cell populations in tissues require precise regulation of their number and quality to maintain proper organ growth and regenerative capacity. Amongst various regulatory mechanisms, immune cells are emerging to directly regulate stem cell populations. The medaka retinal stem cell niche, a model for lifelong neurogenic growth, provides a system to study immune cell-stem cell interactions. Here we investigate how microglia, the resident macrophages of the central nervous system, regulate the retinal stem cell niche. We identify that bona fide retinal stem cells express the chemokine ccl25b while its cognate receptor, ccr9a, is expressed in microglia. These microglia form a surveillance ring adjacent to the stem cell niche and actively phagocytose retinal stem cells. Interference with microglia by deletion of spi1b reveals that microglia absence leads to increased numbers of ccl25b-positive stem cells and results in morphological defects in the retinal stem cell niche and retina. Targeted mutation of ccl25b specifically affects microglia mobility under injury conditions, however, we did not observe any morphological defects indicating that ccl25b-ccr9a signaling is not essential for stem cell maintenance. Overall, our data show that under homeostatic conditions the retinal stem cell population, essential for proper eye development, is actively pruned by immune surveillance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Agarwal, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benjaminsen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lust, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuchs, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasel de Carvalho, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eggeler, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El Said Ibrahim, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aghaallaei, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bajoghli, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wittbrodt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.01.646524</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Immune surveillance and pruning of neuronal stem cells in the medaka retina]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.04.03.647079v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CIP2A is required for mitotic recruitment of the SLX1/XPF/MUS81 tri-nuclease complex to replication stress-induced DNA lesions to maintain genome integrity 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.04.03.647079v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Perturbed DNA replication can lead to incompletely replicated DNA when cells enter mitosis and can interfere with chromosome segregation. Cells therefore require mechanisms to resolve these lesions during mitosis. The CIP2A-TOPBP1 complex is described to function as a molecular tether that connects fragmented DNA molecules. However, whether CIP2A also functions in processing of incompletely replicated DNA remained unclear. We show that CIP2A-TOPBP1 forms large filamentous structures at sites of incomplete DNA replication during mitosis, which recruit the SMX tri-nuclease complex members SLX4, MUS81 and ERCC1/XPF. These structures form in proximity to sites of mitotic DNA synthesis, although CIP2A is not required for mitotic DNA synthesis. In addition to its globular and coiled-coil domain, the unstructured C-terminal domain of CIP2A is essential for CIP2A-TOPBP1 filamentous structure formation and recruitment of the SMX complex. BRCA1-/- and BRCA2-/- cells have increased mitotic DNA lesions that recruit CIP2A and SLX4. We show that the C-terminal part of CIP2A is required for survival of BRCA2-/- cells. Moreover, SLX4 is crucial for genome stability in BRCA2-/- cells. Combined, we demonstrate that CIP2A-TOPBP1 recruits the SMX complex during mitosis, which is required to resolve mitotic DNA lesions, allows faithful chromosome segregation and maintain viability of BRCA2-/- cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>de Haan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dijt, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakker, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Everts, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warner, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mol, F. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Boer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huis in 't Veld, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van de Kooij, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vlijm, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Vugt, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.03.647079</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CIP2A is required for mitotic recruitment of the SLX1/XPF/MUS81 tri-nuclease complex to replication stress-induced DNA lesions to maintain genome integrity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.04.07.647569v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural basis for the ubiquitin chain recognition of the human 26S proteasome 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.04.07.647569v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Proteasomal degradation is a fundamental process for all eukaryotic life. A protein destined for degradation is first tagged with a polyubiquitin chain, which is selected by the proteasome. Different ubiquitin chain topologies serve as distinct signals, with K48-linked chains acting as the canonical degradation signal and K11/K48-branched chains providing even more potent targeting, particularly during cell cycle regulation. However, the structural basis for how the proteasome distinguishes between these different chain architectures has remained unclear. Here, we present high-resolution cryo-EM structures of the human 26S proteasome bound to both a K48-linked tetraubiquitin chain and a K11/K48-branched chain. Our structures reveal distinct binding modes for these two types of chain linkage. K48 chains wrap around the Ubiquitin interaction motif of the receptor RPN10 in an unexpected spiral conformation, while K11 branches engage the proteasome through previously uncharacterised interfaces in a cleft formed between RPN2 and RPN10. Through structure-guided mutagenesis and cellular studies, we demonstrate that these binding modes are essential for efficient substrate degradation and cell cycle progression. These findings establish how the proteasome achieves selective substrate recognition through chain topology-specific interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Amann, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalis, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fottner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knaudt, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grishkovskaya, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kotisch, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuber, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, N. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haselbach, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.07.647569</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural basis for the ubiquitin chain recognition of the human 26S proteasome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.05.02.650421v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A moss N-Acetyltransferase-MAPK protein controls 2D to 3D developmental transition via acetylation and phosphorylation changes 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.05.02.650421v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) finetune plant responses to developmental and environmental cues by impacting protein activity, stability, localization and interaction landscape. In this study we identified a moss specific protein which combines two common PTMs: acetylation and phosphorylation. This protein originated from the fusion of a MAPK with an N-acetyltransferase, for which we named it Rosetta NATD-MAPK 1 (RAK1). Using biochemical methods, we demonstrated that RAK1 has acetyltransferase activity that is enhanced by activation of its MAPK domain. Phenotypical studies of rak1 knockout mutants revealed a role for RAK1 in the regulation of the 2D-to-3D growth transition. Through Mass Spectrometry we verified that defective 2D-to-3D transition in the mutants was caused by differentially regulated acetylation and phosphorylation events associated to metabolic reprogramming and 3D differentiation. Collectively, this study uncovers a previously unknown multidomain protein and provides insights into the interplay of PTMs during developmental reprogramming.

TeaserAcetylation and phosphorylation changes modulate the 2D to 3D developmental transition in Physcomitrium patens.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>de Luxan Hernandez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ammitsoe, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanne, J. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stanimirovic, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roux, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weeks, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schutzbier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dürnberger, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roitinger, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spadiut, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ishikawa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasebe, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moody, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dagdas, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petersen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.02.650421</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A moss N-Acetyltransferase-MAPK protein controls 2D to 3D developmental transition via acetylation and phosphorylation changes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.04.28.651025v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The cytochrome P450 enzyme MpCYP78E1 inhibits meristem initiation and activity in Marchantia polymorpha 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.04.28.651025v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plant shoot branches are formed by the initiation and activation of generative centres known as meristems. In dichotomously branching plants, such as many bryophytes and lycophytes, new meristems are formed when a pre-existing meristem splits into two daughter meristems. These meristems may be active and produce shoot branches or may be inactive. Here, we show that in conditions where meristem inactivation occurs, such as simulated shade, the position of the inactive meristem alternated between either side of the plant body in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. Using this predictable pattern, we generated transcriptomes of active and inactive meristems and identified the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, MpCYP78E1, as a novel regulator of meristem activity. MpCYP78E1 reporter expression was higher in active meristems than inactive meristems. More meristems were active in loss of function mutants than wild type, and fewer meristems were active in gain of function mutants, indicating that MpCYP78E1 inhibits meristem activity. Furthermore, unlike wild type, Mpcyp78e1 loss of function mutants produced supernumerary meristem from the centre of the mature plant body. We conclude that MpCYP78E1 inhibits both meristem initiation and activity to modulate shoot branching architecture.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Spencer, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casey, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mosiolek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jandrasits, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edelbacher, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dolan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.28.651025</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The cytochrome P450 enzyme MpCYP78E1 inhibits meristem initiation and activity in Marchantia polymorpha]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.09.20.614076v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transposable elements are prevalent vectors of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance in nature 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.09.20.614076v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Loss of DNA methylation over transposable elements (TEs) can affect neighboring genes and be epigenetically inherited in plants, yet the determinants and significance of this additional system of inheritance are unknown. Here, we demonstrate at thousands of TE loci across the Arabidopsis thaliana genome, that experimentally-induced hypomethylation can be transmitted transgenerationally and reveal the role of small RNAs derived from related copies in counteracting this transmission. Using data from >700 strains collected worldwide, we uncover natural hypomethylation at hundreds of the same TE loci, often situated near stress-responsive genes. Like their experimental counterparts, most natural epivariants we tested can be inherited without DNA sequence changes and are therefore bona fide epialleles, although genetic factors modulate their recurrence or persistence. Crucially, we demonstrate that TE-mediated epiallelic variation associated with differential gene expression is generally causal and may be target of selection in specific environments, thus establishing its importance in nature.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Baduel, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Oliveira, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caillieux, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bohl-Viallefond, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El Messaoudi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barois, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarazin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boccara, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbault, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de France, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quadrana, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loudet, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colot, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.20.614076</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transposable elements are prevalent vectors of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance in nature]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.05.18.654693v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Life-history trade-offs explain local adaptation in Arabidopsis thaliana 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.05.18.654693v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Local adaptation has been demonstrated in many organisms, but the traits involved, and the temporal and spatial scales at which selection acts are generally unknown. We carried out a multi-year study of 200 accessions (natural inbred lines) of Swedish Arabidopsis thaliana using local field sites and a combination of common-garden experiments that measured adult survival and fecundity, and selection experiments that measured fitness over the full life cycle. We found evidence of strong and variable selection, with particular genotypes favored more than five-fold in certain years and locations. Fecundity showed evidence of classical local adaptation, with accessions generally performing better close to their home. However, southern accessions usually had the highest fecundity--but were far more sensitive to harsh winters and slug herbivory, which strongly decreased both survival and fecundity. Accessions originally sampled on beaches had low fecundity in all environments, but massively outperformed all other accessions in the selection experiments, presumably due to an advantage during seedling establishment associated with their very large seeds. We conclude that local adaptation in A. thaliana reflects strong temporally and spatially varying selection on multiple traits, generally involving trade-offs and different life-history strategies, making fitness difficult to predict and measure.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brachi, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Filiault, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pisupati, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dahan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Igolkina, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anastasio, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Box, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duncan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karasov, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerdaffrec, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merwin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morton, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizhynska, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novikova, P. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rabanal, F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsuchimatsu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sall, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dean, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holm, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergelson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nordborg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.18.654693</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Life-history trade-offs explain local adaptation in Arabidopsis thaliana]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.05.22.653117v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanism of activation of an ancestral Tec kinase by PIP3 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.05.22.653117v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The TEC kinases are a family of five paralogous mammalian genes that play crucial roles in cell growth, proliferation and differentiation, particularly in immune cells. The recruitment and activation of the TEC kinases depend on the generation of the lipid second messenger, PIP3, in the plasma membrane. However, the mechanisms by which PIP3 activates the TEC kinases are not well understood. We have elucidated the autoinhibited conformation of an ancestral TEC kinase from the choanoflagellate Monosiga brevicollis. We demonstrate that PIP3 relieves autoinhibition of MbTEC by displacing its PH domain from an evolutionarily conserved inhibitory interaction with its kinase domain. We also show that a conserved polyproline motif within MbTEC promotes its activation in a kinase-intrinsic mechanism. Finally, we show that the PH domain is sufficient to restore autoinhibition in a constitutively active mutant of MbTEC. Our findings reveal that PIP3 is necessary and sufficient for both MbTEC activation and inactivation.

Significance StatementThe Tec family of protein kinases plays an essential role in cell signaling, particularly in the proliferation and differentiation of immune cells. Consequently, their dysregulation is causative of inherited immunodeficiency, while the Tec kinases are also therapeutic targets in the control of hematological malignancies. We have elucidated a conserved mechanism by which the Tec kinases are activated by the lipid second messenger PIP3. PIP3 is necessary and sufficient for Tec activation, while its turnover is sufficient for Tec inactivation. Our work identifies PIP3 as the ultimate gatekeeper of Tec activity in cells, with implications for the rationalization and treatment of human disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Krötenheerdt, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>von Raussendorf, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reinhardt, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piëch, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wedige, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nyvall, H. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burke, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leonard, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.22.653117</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanism of activation of an ancestral Tec kinase by PIP3]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.05.27.656386v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tomtom-lite: Accelerating Tomtom enables large-scale and real-time motif similarity scoring 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.05.27.656386v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SummaryPairwise sequence similarity is a core operation in genomic analysis, yet most attention has been given to sequences made up of discrete characters. With the growing prevalence of machine learning, calculating similarities for sequences of continuous representations, e.g. frequency-based position-weight matrices (PWMs), attribution-based contribution-weight matrices, and even learned embeddings, is taking on newfound importance. Tomtom has previously been proposed as an algorithm for identifying pairs of PWMs whose similarity is statistically significant, but the implementation remains inefficient for both real-time and large-scale analysis. Accordingly, we have re-implemented Tomtom as a numba-accelerated Python function that is natively multi-threaded, avoids cache misses, more efficiently caches intermediate values, and uses approximations at compute bottlenecks. Here, we provide a detailed description of the original Tomtom method (see Supplementary Note 1) and present results demonstrating that our re-implementation can achieve over a thousand-fold speedup compared with the original tool on reasonable tasks (see Supplementary Note 2).

Availability and ImplementationOur implementation of Tomtom is freely available as a Python package at https://github.com/jmschrei/memesuite-lite, which can be downloaded via pip install memelite.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schreiber, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.27.656386</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tomtom-lite: Accelerating Tomtom enables large-scale and real-time motif similarity scoring]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.06.13.659487v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Caffeine-regulated molecular switches for functional control of CAR T cells in vivo 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.06.13.659487v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The limited controllability of CAR T cells in patients represents a key challenge of this highly potent immunotherapy. A molecular ON-switch, which can be regulated with a non-toxic and readily available small molecule drug, would represent a major advance towards controllable CAR T therapeutics. For that purpose, we engineered caffeine-responsive heterodimeric ON-switches (CaffSwitches) and demonstrate their high caffeine-dependency and virtually absent leakiness. When incorporating these CaffSwitches into CARs, the resulting CaffCARs were efficiently activated by caffeine concentrations achieved in human plasma after drinking one cup of coffee. Moreover, CaffCAR T cells also showed efficient tumor clearance in an in vivo mouse model, which was completely abolished in the absence of caffeine. This tight control was even observed with c-Jun overexpressing CaffCAR T cells, despite their massive expansion. Together, we anticipate that these novel CaffSwitches will be valuable tools for the development of safe and efficient next generation CAR T cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sylvander, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salzer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emminger, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baik, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Accardio, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaefer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mouratidis, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buri, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maresch, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Urbanetz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seigner, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marchiori, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munoz-Lopez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engert, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engels, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mittelstaet, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Veeken, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosato, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuber, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Putz, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zajc, C. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lehner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Traxlmayr, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.13.659487</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Caffeine-regulated molecular switches for functional control of CAR T cells in vivo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.06.14.659649v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanisms of resistance to VHL loss-induced genetic and pharmacological vulnerabilities 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.06.14.659649v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor (VHL) is a component of a ubiquitin ligase complex that normally controls cellular responses to hypoxia. Endogenous VHL is also utilized by proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) protein degraders, a promising class of anti-cancer agents. VHL is broadly essential for cell proliferation, yet it is a key tumor suppressor in renal cell carcinoma. To understand the functional consequences of VHL loss, and to identify targeted approaches for the elimination of VHL null cells, we have used genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screening in human renal epithelial cells. We find that, upon VHL loss, the HIF1A/ARNT complex is the central inhibitor of cellular fitness, suppressing mitochondrial respiration, and that VHL null cells show HIF1A-dependent molecular vulnerabilities that can be targeted pharmacologically. Combined VHL/HIF1A inactivation in breast and esophageal cancer cells can also provide resistance to ARV-771, a VHL-based bromodomain degrader that has anti-cancer activity. HIF1A stabilization can thus provide opportunities for early intervention in neoplastic VHL clones, and the VHL-HIF1A axis may be relevant for the development of resistance to the emerging class of PROTAC-based cancer therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ge, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirosue, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wesolowski, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dyas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yong, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castillon, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Haan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drost, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Obenauf, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munoz-Espin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vanharanta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.14.659649</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanisms of resistance to VHL loss-induced genetic and pharmacological vulnerabilities]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.06.24.661248v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nutrient landscape shapes the genetic diversification of the human gut commensal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.06.24.661248v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron is a prominent member of the human gut microbiome that has evolved a suite of polysaccharide utilization loci (PUL) to break down a range of diet- and host-derived glycans. To gain insight into the evolution of this bacterium on ecologically meaningful time scales, we carried out an in vitro evolution study in which B. thetaiotaomicron was cultivated on media of different carbohydrate complexity for three months. Shotgun sequencing of the evolved populations revealed an increased number of single nucleotide polymorphisms with increased medium complexity, suggesting that genetic diversification is driven in part by the nutrient landscape. We also observed high-frequency reversible DNA inversions mediated by site-specific DNA integrases, which may be important to production and maintenance of phenotypic heterogeneity in the population. Competition experiments against the ancestor revealed adaption to the experimental conditions, with a fitness gain of the evolved populations and lineages thereof. This fitness advantage was accompanied by an increase in cell size, faster glucose depletion rates, and increased amylopectin degradation in the presence of glucose. In conclusion, rapid adaptive genetic diversification in B. thetaiotaomicron is induced and maintained in part by a complex nutritional environment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zioutis, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heberlein, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivanovova, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwarz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koestlbacher, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bochkareva, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flanagan, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pereira, F. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berry, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.24.661248</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nutrient landscape shapes the genetic diversification of the human gut commensal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.06.24.661302v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rapid genetic diversification of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron in mono-associated mice revealed through deep population-level sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.06.24.661302v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacteria often feature short generation times and large populations, thereby allowing them to quickly evolve and adapt to new environments. Although it is known that gut bacteria can evolve on relatively short time scales, the extent of genetic diversification of bacteria in the gut environment remains underexplored. Here, we characterize the genetic diversification of the gut commensal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron during 28 days of colonization of germ-free mice using deep shotgun sequencing as well as genome analysis of evolved isolates. We detect thousands of genetic polymorphisms as early as three days post inoculation and observe highly dynamic genetic diversity in the distal gut. We identify multiple haplotypes of a phase-variable polysaccharide utilization locus (BT2260 - BT2268) and propose that phase variation may be an important mechanism for diversification and adaptation in the gut. In addition, we find evidence that hybrid two-component system (HTCS) regulators are mutational hotspots. We identify multiple persistent and parallelly evolved genetic polymorphisms in genes, including the TonB-dependent transporter BT0867 - a homolog of BF3581 from the commensal colonization factor (ccf) in B. fragilis. Lastly, we find that the small intestine accumulated approximately 20 times more polymorphisms compared to the large intestine, highlighting overall the importance of studying spatiotemporal distribution of genetic variants. These results underscore the prevalence of rapid genetic diversification of gut bacteria, which may have important implications for adaptation as well as interactions in the microbiome and with the host.

ImportanceStudying the within-host evolution of gut commensals is an essential step for understanding the role of microbiome in health and disease. It can provide insights into the mechanisms underlying the development of various gastrointestinal disorders, metabolic conditions, autoimmune diseases, and other health disorders. Additionally, this kind of research can further drive the development of personalized therapies, such as strain-level or gene specific interventions for improving health outcomes. Here, we report extensive genetic variation within days upon colonization of mice with B. thetaiotaomicron and identify genes that accumulate persistent and highly prevalent genetic polymorphisms across a mouse population. We also detect several haplotypes in phase-variable loci. Altogether, our findings underscore the rapid pace of genetic diversification and phase variation upon colonization of the gut environment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zioutis, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pereira, F. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bochkareva, O. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kolodyazhnaya, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osvatic, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCoy, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Künzel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fokt, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baines, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berry, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.24.661302</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rapid genetic diversification of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron in mono-associated mice revealed through deep population-level sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.07.14.664753v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nucleosome Positioning Shapes Cryptic Antisense Transcription 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.07.14.664753v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Maintaining transcriptional fidelity is essential for precise gene regulation and genome stability. Despite this, cryptic antisense transcription, occurring opposite to canonical coding sequences, is a pervasive feature across all domains of life. How such potentially harmful cryptic sites are regulated remains incompletely understood. Here, we show that nucleosome arrays within gene bodies play a key role in suppressing cryptic transcription. Using the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe as a model, we demonstrate that CHD1-family chromatin remodelers coordinate with the transcription elongation machinery, specifically the PAF complex, to position nucleosomes at sites of cryptic transcription initiation within gene bodies. In the absence of CHD1, AT-rich sequences within gene bodies lose nucleosome occupancy, exposing promoter-like sequences that drive cryptic initiation. While cryptic transcription is generally detrimental, we identify a subset of antisense transcripts that encode critical meiotic genes, suggesting that cryptic transcription can also serve as a source of regulatory innovation. These findings underscore the essential role of nucleosome remodelers in maintaining transcriptional fidelity and reveal their broader contributions to cellular homeostasis and evolutionary adaptability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kok, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harvey, Z. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Axelsson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berger, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.14.664753</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nucleosome Positioning Shapes Cryptic Antisense Transcription]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.07.16.665153v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Conservation and divergence of UVR8-COP1/SPA-HY5 signaling in UV-B responses of Marchantia polymorpha 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.07.16.665153v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) poses a major challenge to all forms of plant life. The liverwort Marchantia polymorpha (Marchantia) serves as a key model organism to study signaling pathways and to infer their evolution throughout the green lineage. Marchantia expresses key components of UV-B signaling, including the photoreceptor UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (MpUVR8), the WD40-repeat protein REPRESSOR OF UV-B PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS (MpRUP), the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 / SUPPRESSOR OF phyA-105 (MpCOP1/MpSPA), and the transcriptional regulator ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (MpHY5). Here, we show that MpUVR8 exists as a homodimer in its ground-state in vivo, then monomerizes and accumulates in the nucleus upon UV-B activation. Activated MpUVR8 interacts with MpCOP1, triggering growth inhibition, genome-wide gene expression changes, biosynthesis of UV-absorbing metabolites, and photoprotection, which overall contributes to UV-B stress tolerance. MpRUP facilitates redimerization of MpUVR8 and Mprup null mutants show enhanced UV-B photomorphogenesis, demonstrating that MpRUP efficiently represses MpUVR8 signaling. Unlike the case in Arabidopsis and in contrast to the strong Mpcop1 mutant phenotype, Mpspa mutants develop only a very weak constitutive photomorphogenesis phenotype, indicating that COP1 function is much more independent of SPA in Marchantia than in Arabidopsis. Moreover, in contrast to Arabidopsis SPAs, Mpspa is linked with a hyper-responsive UV-B phenotype, suggesting that MpSPA is a negative regulator of MpUVR8 signaling. Similar to Arabidopsis HY5/HYH, MpHY5 functions antagonistically to MpCOP1, but its role in UV-B-mediated gene expression changes is more limited. Our findings demonstrate that although core components of UV-B signaling existed in the last common ancestor of extant land plants, regulatory interactions have diversified in different lineages since their divergence more than 400 million years ago.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Podolec, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chappuis, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Defossez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glauser, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rötzer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stolze, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dolan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakagami, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demarsy, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ulm, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.16.665153</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Conservation and divergence of UVR8-COP1/SPA-HY5 signaling in UV-B responses of Marchantia polymorpha]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.07.12.664529v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Conservation of chromatin states and their association with transcription factors in land plants 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.07.12.664529v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The complexity of varied modifications of chromatin composition is integrated in archetypal combinations called chromatin states that predict the local potential for transcription. The degree of conservation of chromatin states has not been established amongst plants, and how they interact with transcription factors is unknown. Here we identify and characterize chromatin states in the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana and the bryophyte Marchantia polymorpha, showing a large degree of functional conservation over more than 450 million years of land plant evolution. We used this new resource of conserved plant chromatin states to understand the influence of chromatin states on gene regulation. We established the preferential association of chromatin states with binding sites and activity of transcription factors. These associations define three main groups of transcription factors that bind upstream of the transcription start site, at the +1 nucleosome or further downstream of the transcription start site and broadly associate with distinct biological functions. The association with the +1 nucleosome defines a list of candidate pioneer factors we know little about in plants, compared to their important roles in animal stem cells and early development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shukla, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Axelsson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hisanaga, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haseloff, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romani, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berger, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.12.664529</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Conservation of chromatin states and their association with transcription factors in land plants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.07.17.665278v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
De novo meristem development in Marchantia requires light and an apical auxin minimum 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.07.17.665278v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Meristems are generative centres with stem cells from which the bodies of land plants develop. Marchantia polymorpha spores are single cell structures formed at meiosis. On germination, spores divide asymmetrically to form a basal cell that terminally differentiates and an apical germ cell that divides into an early cell mass on which a flat prothallus develops. A single stem cell niche (meristem) forms de novo at the margin of the prothallus to drive development of the thallus plant body. Here we show that the prothallus forms at the apical pole of the early cell mass and represses the formation of other prothalli. LOW AUXIN RESPONSIVE (MpLAXR) marks this apical pole indicating that an auxin minimum is located at the site of organogenesis. Light is required for the formation of the apical auxin minimum and for the development of the prothallus from the early cell mass. Disrupting the apical auxin minimum by exogenous auxin treatment suppresses the transitions to the prothallus and formation of the meristem from the early cell mass. A similar molecular program operates during plant regeneration from a single differentiated thallus cell, which regains stemness (pluripotency) upon surgical isolation from surrounding tissues; the isolated cell divides forming an early cell mass that develops a local auxin minimum where a flat prothallus with a single meristem forms. We conclude that a light-dependent, apical auxin minimum is required for the formation of the prothallus and the de novo development of the first meristem in Marchantia polymorpha.

Graphical abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=199 SRC="FIGDIR/small/665278v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wallner, E.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edelbacher, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dolan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.17.665278</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[De novo meristem development in Marchantia requires light and an apical auxin minimum]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.07.23.666094v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single cell proteomic analysis defines discrete neutrophil functional states in human glioblastoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.07.23.666094v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neutrophils are vital innate immune cells shown to infiltrate glioblastomas, however we currently lack the molecular understanding of their functional states within the tumour niche. Given that neutrophils are known to display a prominent discordance between mRNA and protein abundance, we developed ultra-sensitive mini-bulk and single cell proteomic (SCP) workflows to study the heterogeneity of peripheral blood and tumour associated neutrophils (TAN) from patients with glioblastoma. Mini-bulk analysis enabled a deeper protein coverage of circulating immature, mature and TAN populations, defining signatures of maturity and demonstrating that TANs resemble mature circulating neutrophils. Analysis of the SCP data resulted in the detection of >1,100 proteins from a single TAN providing a detailed characterization of neutrophil subsets in glioblastoma. Our approach shows evidence of pathogenic and anti-tumorigenic clusters and discovers cell states invisible to scRNAseq, opening new opportunities to selectively target pro-tumoural neutrophil states.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sadiku, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brenes, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayer, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reyes, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coelho, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Stralen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez-Garcia, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watts, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liaquat, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howden, A. J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adekoya, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boldbaatar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacRaild, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Risbridger, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morrison, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacPherson, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruce, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnston, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grecian, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pollard, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brennan, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mechtler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walmsley, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.23.666094</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single cell proteomic analysis defines discrete neutrophil functional states in human glioblastoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.07.29.667418v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phagocytosis repurposed: infection strategies in a globalmarine diatom-parasite interaction 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.07.29.667418v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbial host-parasite interactions shape global biogeochemical cycles, yet their cellular and evolutionary mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we developed a novel model pathosystem to explore the interaction between the globally distributed eukaryotic microparasite, Pirsonia, and its host, the bloom-forming diatom, Coscinodiscus. Culture conditions recapitulated Pirsonias rapid life cycle in vitro and live-cell imaging enabled quantitative assessments of infection dynamics and host mortality. To investigate the genetic basis of this interaction, we assembled the Pirsonia genome and identified unique genetic innovations relative to their oomycete relatives. Time-resolved dual RNA-Seq enabled tracking of parasite gene expression through the infection cycle and revealed an upregulation of an expanded multi-gene family of integrin-like proteins in Pirsonia zoospores, analogous to the variable surface proteins in other parasitic lineages. Genes upregulated during infection were associated with cytoskeletal dynamics and drug inhibition assays confirmed that actin is required for host infection, consistent with the presence of parasitic pseudopodia on infected hosts. The dependence on both actin-based phagocytic mechanisms and parasitic-like surface proteins highlights Pirsonias intermediate state between predator and parasite, providing new insights into the evolution of parasite strategies and the complex cellular interactions controlling parasitic shunts in marine trophic networks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mathur, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irwin, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galindo, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alacid, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cunliffe, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Technau, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richards, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.29.667418</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phagocytosis repurposed: infection strategies in a globalmarine diatom-parasite interaction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.07.06.663352v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microtubule end stabilisation by cooperative oligomers of Ska and Ndc80 complexes 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.07.06.663352v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During mitosis, properly aligned chromosomes stabilise microtubule ends with the help of kinetochores to ensure timely segregation of chromosomes. Microtubule-binding components of the human outer kinetochore, such as Ndc80 and Ska complexes, are present in multiple copies and together bind several microtubule ends, creating a highly multivalent binding interface. Whereas Ndc80:Ndc80 and Ndc80:microtubule binding is crucial for interface stability, Ndc80 alone in absence of Ska is unable to support stable kinetochore-attachments. Using cryoET, we demonstrate that oligomeric Ndc80:Ska assemblies stabilise microtubule ends against shortening by strengthening lateral contacts between tubulin protofilaments at microtubule plus-ends. We further identify a point mutation within the SKA1 microtubule-binding domain that does not affect microtubule-binding of individual Ska molecules, but does abolish Ska:Ska interactions. Finally, we report that oligomerisation of Ska, in a cooperative fashion together with the Ndc80, is necessary to maintain stable microtubule attachments both in vivo and in vitro.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Radhakrishnan, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stokes, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Day, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huis in 't Veld, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Volkov, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.06.663352</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microtubule end stabilisation by cooperative oligomers of Ska and Ndc80 complexes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.07.06.663370v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An effector from the potato late blight pathogen bridges ENTH-domain protein TOL9a to an activated helper NLR to suppress immunity 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.07.06.663370v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pathogens counteract central nodes of NLR immune receptor networks to suppress immunity. However, the mechanisms by which pathogens hijack helper NLR pathways are poorly understood. Here, we show that an effector from the potato late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans bridges the host protein NbTOL9a, a putative member of the host ESCRT pathway, to a helper NLR to suppress immunity. In this work, we solved the crystal structure of the RXLR-LWY effector AVRcap1b in complex with the ENTH domain of NbTOL9a. The structure revealed that unlike other RXLR-LWY effectors, AVRcap1b has a novel L-shaped fold that defines a new structural family of effectors in the Phytophthora genus. Moreover, we defined the AVRcap1b/NbTOL9a binding interface and designed effector mutants that dont bind NbTOL9a, impairing immune suppression. This indicates that ENTH binding is required for full virulence activity of this effector. Lastly, we show that AVRcap1b associates specifically with activated NbNRC2 independently of NbTOL9a binding. This suggests that the effector functions as a bridge that interconnects NbNRC2 with the NbTOL9a pathway. These results illustrate an unprecedented pathogen mechanism to hijack helper NLR pathways and suppress immunity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Madhuprakash, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toghani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pai, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harvey, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bentham, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seager, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuen, E. L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De la Concepcion, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawson, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stevenson, C. E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vergara-Cruces, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Derevnina, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bozkurt, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banfield, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamoun, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Contreras, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.06.663370</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An effector from the potato late blight pathogen bridges ENTH-domain protein TOL9a to an activated helper NLR to suppress immunity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.07.09.663929v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Conformational asymmetry of replicated human chromosomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.07.09.663929v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
DNA replication creates two sister chromatids that must acquire specific three-dimensional conformations to support genome function and stability. This organization is largely mediated by cohesin complexes, which extrude intra-chromosomal loops and link two chromatids, thus forming "chromatid cohesion". Although sister chromatids are genetically identical, the replication process is intrinsically asymmetric: each chromatid inherits a different parental DNA strand, while the new strands are synthesized using distinct "leading" and "lagging" mechanisms of the replication fork. Whether and how this molecular asymmetry impacts higher-order chromatin organization remains unknown. Using sister-chromatid-sensitive Hi-C, strand-specific FISH, and polymer modeling, we reveal a consistent, genome-wide shift in sister chromatid alignment, biased along the 5'-3' direction of the inherited strands. This shift persists without loop extrusion but is lost upon disruption of cohesion, implicating cohesive cohesins in maintaining the displacement. Polymer simulations indicate that a modest ([~]100 kb) misalignment of "cohesive" cohesins is responsible for the observed asymmetry. We propose two mechanistic models that explain how this displacement arises from replication fork asymmetry: either through the dislocation of cohesin during replication or through the asymmetric anchoring and subsequent random sliding of cohesin pairs. These findings reveal a previously unrecognized chromosome-scale asymmetry in sister chromatid organization, which has implications for homology search during DNA repair.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Corsi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kolesnikova, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinacker, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takacs, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batty, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitter, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerlich, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goloborodko, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.09.663929</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Conformational asymmetry of replicated human chromosomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.07.09.663981v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamic, yet well-defined organization of the FUS RGG3 dense phase 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.07.09.663981v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDRs) play a key role in the formation of biomolecular condensates, a ubiquitous mode of cellular compartmentalization, but the underlying microscopic details remain unclear. Here, microsecond-level molecular dynamics simulations and fractal formalism are employed to study at atomistic resolution a model condensate composed of 24 copies of a C-terminal 73-residue arginine- and glycine-rich IDR (RGG3) of fused in sarcoma (FUS) protein. Specifically, RGG3 displays a highly dynamic behavior in the dense phase with only a small configurational entropy loss and a minor slowdown in diffusion as compared to the dilute phase. Despite rapid mixing, short contact residence times and structurally heterogenous binding interfaces in the dense phase, RGG3 exhibits a distinct dynamic binding mode, with statistically defined interaction motifs and a robust multi-scale topology of self-associated protein clusters. The results demonstrate how a well-defined organization of the disordered protein dense phase across scales emerges from highly heterogenous, transient interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Polyansky, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fruehbauer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zagrovic, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.09.663981</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamic, yet well-defined organization of the FUS RGG3 dense phase]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.07.22.664676v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rethinking scRNA-seq Trajectories in Phylogenetic Paradigms: Overcoming Challenges of Missing Ancestral Information 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.07.22.664676v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In recent decades, many bioinformatics tools have been developed to reconstruct trajectories of biological processes, e.g., cell differentiation, using single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. Most tools tacitly assume that a cells ancestral transcriptomic profile can be approximated by means of its neighboring cells in an embedded gene expression space. However, many scRNA-seq datasets lack ancestral information due to missing early or transient states at the time of sequencing. We introduce CellREST, a bioinformatics tool that reformulates trajectory reconstruction as a phylogenetic inference problem. It infers trees linking cells that are assumed to share a common ancestral expression state. Using maximum likelihood tree inference, CellREST uncovers multiple different aspects of the transcriptomic landscape underlying a single scRNA-seq dataset, which can be visualized and combined into a single-cell network. We showcase CellRESTs performance on simulated and experimental scRNA-seq data and recover circular processes as well as cell type converging differentiation scenarios. By introducing and adapting phylogenetic concepts, CellREST provides a framework for interpreting transcriptomic relationships between cells within scRNA-seq data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Naas, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>von Haeseler, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elgert, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.22.664676</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rethinking scRNA-seq Trajectories in Phylogenetic Paradigms: Overcoming Challenges of Missing Ancestral Information]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.07.28.667215v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Antisense transposon insertions into host genes trigger piRNA mediated immunity 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.07.28.667215v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transposable elements pose a persistent threat to genome integrity, yet how host defense systems adapt to newly invading elements remains poorly understood. Here, we reveal how Drosophila melanogaster acquired PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA)-mediated immunity against the recently invading endogenous retrovirus tirant. By integrating genetics, small RNA profiling, and population genomics, we identify two distinct modes of de novo piRNA biogenesis. The primary mechanism involves antisense insertions into the flamenco cluster, a well-established master locus for transposon control. Strikingly, we also find that antisense tirant insertions into 3' UTRs of host genes robustly trigger piRNA production, a process driven by host gene transcription but independent of gene identity. These findings challenge prevailing models that link piRNA precursor specification to genomic origin or nuclear processing context. Instead, they uncover a flexible, general mechanism in which transposition into host gene exons represents a critical vulnerability for transposons: by generating chimeric antisense transcripts that are exported to the cytoplasm, transposons inadvertently initiate their own silencing, enabling rapid and adaptive genome defense against new invaders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rafanel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Protsenko, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Handler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brennecke, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Senti, K.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.28.667215</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Antisense transposon insertions into host genes trigger piRNA mediated immunity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.08.01.668046v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A dual component system instructs membrane hydrolysis during the final stages of plant autophagy 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.08.01.668046v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Autophagy is an intracellular catabolic process conserved across eukaryotes and critical for plant stress tolerance. Upon their delivery in the vacuole, how autophagic bodies containing cargo are hydrolyzed to warrant autophagy degradation remains poorly characterized. Here, we identify two Arabidopsis phospholipases as core components of the autophagy machinery. We find that LCAT3 and LCAT4 traffic to the vacuolar lumen and converge on autophagic bodies using differential pathways, placing them on the outer and inner side of the vesicle, respectively. Double knockouts lcat3,4 accumulate autophagic bodies and show reduced autophagy activity. In vivo reconstitution demonstrates that LCAT3 can hydrolyze the membrane of autophagic bodies, enabling the activity of LCAT4 to enhance this process. In sum, our work reveals that the concerted action of a multi-component system is required for the efficient and specific disruption of autophagic bodies as an obligatory step for the completion of the autophagy pathway.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Castets, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buridan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toboso Moreno, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez de Medina Hernandez, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dittrich-Domergue, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lupette, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chambaud, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pascal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibrahim, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bozkurt, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dagdas, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Domergue, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joubes, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minina, A. E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernard, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.01.668046</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A dual component system instructs membrane hydrolysis during the final stages of plant autophagy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.07.31.667934v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cryopreservation of Platynereis dumerilii larvae 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.07.31.667934v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The marine annelid Platynereis dumerilii is a functional molecular model organism for developmental, evolutionary and chronobiological studies. Research on Platynereis is rapidly growing, and with it, the number of genetic variants that laboratories isolate or generate and must subsequently maintain and propagate. Therefore, there is an urgent need to alleviate the burden of live culture maintenance by developing cryopreservation techniques for this species. We report the first cryopreservation protocol for P. dumerilii larvae, which combined with a careful post-thawing culturing regime, allowed us to obtain animals that survived to adulthood and successfully reproduced. Our experiments show highest survival rate in 6 - 8 day-old larvae. Equilibration with cryoprotecting agents takes 1h in 5% (v/v) Me2SO + 0.1%(v/w) sucrose, followed by transfer to 0.25ml straws. The protocol cools larvae at 2,5{degrees}C/min from 20{o}C to -35{degrees}C using a programmable freezer, followed by a rapid transfer to liquid N2. Larvae are thawed in a water bath at 18{degrees}C. The post-thaw larvae feeding regime consisted of 50% Tetraselmis + 50 % diatom strains mixture (Grammatophora marina and Nitzschia laevis). The maximum survival obtained with this protocol so far produced 34% survival after [~]5 months.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Paredes, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Getachew, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bezares-Calderon, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campos, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belokurov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tessmar-Raible, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.31.667934</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cryopreservation of Platynereis dumerilii larvae]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.08.01.668197v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural framework for the assembly of the human tRNA ligase complex 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.08.01.668197v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In human cells, a subset of tRNA-encoding genes contain introns. These are removed by a non-canonical splicing pathway in which the tRNA splicing endonuclease complex catalyzes intron excision and the resulting exons are subsequently ligated by the tRNA-ligase complex (tRNA-LC). Although recent studies have provided insights into the process of intron removal, the molecular mechanisms underpinning tRNA ligation by tRNA-LC remain elusive. The tRNA-LC is a hetero-pentameric protein assembly consisting of Ashwin, CGI-99, FAM98B, the DEAD-box helicase DDX1 and the catalytic subunit RTCB/HSPC117. Using cryo-EM, we have determined an atomic-resolution reconstruction of human tRNA-LC. We find that CGI-99, DDX1 and FAM98B form an alpha-helical bundle that contacts RTCB via an interface located on the opposite side from the location of the ligase active site and tethers DDX1 to the tRNA-LC via its C-terminal helix. FAM98B and CGI-99 extensively interact in an intricately co-folded heterodimer that clamps Ashwin in a pincer-like structure. Interaction analysis using structure-based mutants of tRNA-LC subunits supports the overall architecture of the complex. Finally, we show that the paralogous proteins FAM98A and FAM98C underpin the assembly of compositionally distinct RTCB-containing complexes that lack Ashwin and may have distinct cellular functions. Together, our results provide new insights into the assembly and mechanism of the tRNA ligase complex, shedding light on its functions in tRNA biogenesis and beyond.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pfleiderer, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leitner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nievergelt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kroupova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jinek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.01.668197</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural framework for the assembly of the human tRNA ligase complex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.08.02.668043v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RPA directly stimulates Mer3/HFM1 helicase processivity to ensure normal crossover formation in meiosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.08.02.668043v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Meiotic crossover formation is critical for generating viable gametes and enhancing genetic diversity. The helicase Mer3 (HFM1 in humans) is a highly conserved factor essential for promoting crossovers and ensuring their proper distribution. Here, we identify replication protein A (RPA) as a direct interactor of budding yeast Mer3. We demonstrate that this interaction is conserved between human HFM1 and RPA. Cross-linking mass spectrometry and structural modelling with AlphaFold2 reveal a conserved and specific Mer3-RPA interface. Single-molecule magnetic tweezers assays demonstrate that direct RPA interaction is required for Mer3 helicase processivity under conditions of low DNA tension. Consistently, a mer3 mutant deficient in RPA binding exhibit reduced crossover frequencies and accumulate unresolved recombination intermediates during budding yeast meiosis. Via genome-wide localisation experiments, we link this effect to a weakened recruitment to double-strand break sites of the mer3 mutant. Our findings provide mechanistic insights into coordination of meiotic recombination by the Mer3 helicase through interactions with the canonical DNA repair machinery, highlighting a conserved mechanism underlying crossover control during sexual reproduction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Altmannova, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orlic, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carrasco, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adam, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aicart-Ramos, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guerini, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borde, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matos, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moreno-Herrero, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weir, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.02.668043</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RPA directly stimulates Mer3/HFM1 helicase processivity to ensure normal crossover formation in meiosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.08.01.668163v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ashwin and FAM98 paralogs define nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA ligase complexes for tRNA biogenesis and the unfolded protein response 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.08.01.668163v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The tRNA ligase complex (tRNA-LC) seals tRNA exon halves in the nucleus after the removal of a single intron, and joins XBP1-mRNA exons in the cytoplasm as part of the unfolded protein response (UPR). This dual function requires simultaneous nuclear and cytoplasmic localization. Here, we reveal that Ashwin (ASW), the vertebrate-specific subunit of the tRNA-LC, serves as its nuclear import factor. ASW displays a dual nuclear localisation signal (NLS) which, upon disruption, leads to the retention of the tRNA-LC in the cytoplasm with a consequent impairment of pre-tRNA splicing and accumulation of 5 tRNA fragments. We also show that the tRNA-LC exists in three forms depending on which FAM98 paralog is chosen, either FAM98A, FAM98B or FAM98C. We find that ASW interacts exclusively with the FAM98B-containing complex, allowing its nuclear localization for tRNA biogenesis. Attaching an NLS to RTCB, the catalytic and indispensable subunit, rescues pre-tRNA splicing in cells depleted of ASW. We envision that vertebrates evolved ASW to localize a sub-population of tRNA-LC to the nucleus, while using FAM98 paralogs to retain a fraction of RTCB in the cytoplasm for XBP1-mRNA splicing during UPR.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Leitner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moser, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raynaud, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pfleiderer, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jinek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.01.668163</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ashwin and FAM98 paralogs define nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA ligase complexes for tRNA biogenesis and the unfolded protein response]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.08.05.668560v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GHIST 2024: The 1st Genomic History Inference Strategies Tournament 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.08.05.668560v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Evaluating population genetic inference methods is challenging due to the complexity of evolutionary histories, potential model misspecification, and unconscious biases in self-assessment. The Genomic History Inference Strategies Tournament (GHIST) is a community-driven competition designed to evaluate methods for inferring evolutionary history from population genomic data. The inaugural GHIST competition ran from July to November 2024 and featured four demographic history inference challenges of varying complexity: a bottleneck model, a split with isolation model, a secondary contact model with demographic complexity, and an archaic admixture model. Data were provided as error-free VCF files, and participants submitted numerical parameter estimates that were scored by relative root mean squared error. Approximately 60 participants competed, using diverse approaches. Results revealed the current dominance of methods based on site frequency spectra, while highlighting the advantages of flexible model-building approaches for complex demographic histories. We discuss insights regarding the competition and outline the next iteration, which is ongoing with expanded challenge diversity. By providing standardized benchmarks and highlighting areas for improvement, GHIST represents a substantial step toward more reliable inference of evolutionary history from genomic data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Struck, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaughn, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daigle, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ray, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noskova, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sequeira, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antonets, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alekseevskaya, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grigoreva, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raines, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMaster, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kovacs, T. G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ragsdale, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moreno-Estrada, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lotterhos, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siepel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutenkunst, R. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.05.668560</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GHIST 2024: The 1st Genomic History Inference Strategies Tournament]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.08.09.669463v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ancestral P-body proteins rewired for autophagic recyclingin the early land plant Marchantia polymorpha 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.08.09.669463v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Processing bodies (P-bodies) are conserved ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules central to RNA metabolism across eukaryotes. Although the mechanisms underlying their assembly are well understood, the pathways governing their selective turnover remain unclear. Here, we identify the conserved decapping proteins EDC4 and DCP1 as a selective autophagy receptor pair responsible for P-body turnover in the early land plant Marchantia polymorpha. MpEDC4 engages ATG8 via a canonical AIM motif, while MpDCP1 contains a previously unrecognized reverse AIM within its intrinsically disordered region. Mutations disrupting these motifs impair autophagic degradation of P-bodies, demonstrating a cooperative receptor mechanism. Notably, this autophagic function is lineage-specific, as orthologs in Arabidopsis and humans lack ATG8-binding capacity. Strikingly, heterologous expression of MpEDC4 in human cells promotes degradation of -synuclein, a protein strongly linked to Parkinsons disease etiology. Our findings thus uncover an evolutionary innovation that links RNA metabolism to selective autophagy and opens avenues for cross-kingdom engineering of targeted protein degradation pathways.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Abdrakhmanov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anisimova, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papareddy, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grujic, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ethier, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clavel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karagoz, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hallacli, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dagdas, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.09.669463</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ancestral P-body proteins rewired for autophagic recyclingin the early land plant Marchantia polymorpha]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.08.05.668651v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Riboflavin metabolism shapes FSP1-driven ferroptosis resistance 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.08.05.668651v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Membrane protection against oxidative insults is achieved by the concerted action of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and endogenous lipophilic antioxidants such as ubiquinone and vitamin E. Deficiencies in these protective systems lead to an increased propensity to phospholipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. More recently, ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1) was identified as a critical ferroptosis inhibitor acting via regeneration of membrane-embedded antioxidants. Yet, regulators of FSP1 are largely uncharacterised, and their identification is essential for understanding the mechanisms buffering phospholipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. Here, we conducted a focused CRISPR-Cas9 screen to uncover factors influencing FSP1 function, identifying riboflavin (vitamin B2) as a new modulator of ferroptosis sensitivity. We demonstrate that riboflavin, unlike other vitamins that act as radical-trapping antioxidants, supports FSP1 stability and the recycling of lipid-soluble antioxidants, thereby mitigating phospholipid peroxidation. Furthermore, we show that the riboflavin antimetabolite roseoflavin markedly impairs FSP1 function and sensitises cancer cells to ferroptosis. Thus, we uncover a direct and actionable role for riboflavin in maintaining membrane integrity by promoting membrane tolerance to lipid peroxidation. Our findings provide a rational strategy to modulate the FSP1-antioxidant recycling pathway and underscore the therapeutic potential of targeting riboflavin metabolism, with implications for understanding the interaction of nutrients and their contributions to a cells antioxidant capacity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Skafar, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Souza, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferreira dos Santos, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porto Freitas, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donate, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nepachalovich, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tschuck, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathur, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nunes Alves, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buhr, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aponte-Santamaria, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmitz, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eilers, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ubellacker, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elling, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Augustin, H. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hadian, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meierjohann, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Proneth, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conrad, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fedorova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alborzinia, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedmann Angeli, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.05.668651</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Riboflavin metabolism shapes FSP1-driven ferroptosis resistance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.08.08.669284v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Synthetic engineering demonstrates that synergy among enhancers involves an increase in transcriptionally productive enhancer-gene contacts 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.08.08.669284v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Enhancers are non-coding cis-regulatory elements that control the expression of distally located genes in a tissue- and time-specific manner. Recent studies indicate that enhancers can differ in their underlying genetic architecture and regulatory properties. However, these different types of enhancers were previously investigated under rather variable conditions (e.g. model organism, cell type, enhancer-promoter distance, type of target promoter, etc.), thus introducing confounding factors that make it difficult to discern the distinct regulatory properties of each enhancer type. To overcome these limitations, here we generated transgenic mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) lines in which different types of synthetic enhancers (i.e. "typical" enhancer, CTCF-associated enhancer, enhancer cluster/super-enhancer) were built upon the same "core" neural enhancer and inserted at the same distance (i.e. 100 Kb) from a typical developmental gene (i.e. Gata6). Subsequently, the mESC lines were differentiated to systematically compare the regulatory properties of the different enhancer types under identical conditions.

Regarding the CTCF-associated enhancer, our data revealed that the addition of a CTCF site to the "core" enhancer increased insulation and led to the formation of a smaller contact domain, while having a rather mild effect on enhancer-promoter contact frequency and target gene expression. On the other hand, in comparison to the "core" enhancer alone, the enhancer cluster synergistically increased target gene expression and burst fraction. Importantly, we found that, in contrast to previous models, the strong regulatory activity of the enhancer cluster can not be explained by changes in enhancer-promoter contact frequency or the formation of transcriptional condensates. Instead, our data suggest that the emergent regulatory properties of enhancer clustering preferentially entail an increase in RNA Polymerase II pause release and, thus, in the fraction of enhancer-promoter contacts that are transcriptionally productive.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Haro, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iliadou, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramasamy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ealo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campa, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pachano, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oudelaar, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rada-Iglesias, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.08.669284</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Synthetic engineering demonstrates that synergy among enhancers involves an increase in transcriptionally productive enhancer-gene contacts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.08.08.669296v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
tangermeme: A toolkit for understanding cis-regulatory logic using deep learning models 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.08.08.669296v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Deep learning models have achieved state-of-the-art performance at predicting diverse genomic modalities, yet their promise for biological discovery lies in how they are used after demonstrating their predictive performance. Here, we describe the functionality of tangermeme, a highly optimized toolkit for "everything-but-the-model" when it comes to genomic deep learning, and demonstrate how tangermeme can be used to distill the learned cis- regulatory patterns from models into human-interpretable insights.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schreiber, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.08.669296</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[tangermeme: A toolkit for understanding cis-regulatory logic using deep learning models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.08.14.670372v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Temporal control of sgRNA library activation unlocks large-scale in vivo CRISPR screens 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.08.14.670372v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Functional genomics screens have illuminated genetic dependencies in cancer, but conventional in vitro approaches fail to capture vulnerabilities shaped by the tumor microenvironment. Here, we implement CRISPR-StAR (Stochastic Activation by Recombination), a next-generation inducible CRISPR screening platform for large-scale in vivo applications. The system uses a dual lox-based recombination system to enable guide-level normalization and clonal knockout phenotyping. To analyze the rich (barcode-embedded) sequencing output, we developed UMIBB, a superior Bayesian statistical framework for quantifying gene-level dropout and enrichment compared to conventional software packages. Screening a 30,000-sgRNA library in A549 xenografts, followed by clone representation and dropout correlation analyses, showed high fidelity and reproducibility with dropout phenotypes resolvable using as few as 30 tumors for this size library. Validation across multiple tumor models demonstrated that a single tumor can provide reliable, functional annotation for [~]1,000 genes leveraging intra-tumor library controls for normalization. Comparing in vivo and in vitro screens revealed that a substantial subset of tumor suppressor genes exerts strong phenotypic effects only observable in vivo. For example, single-gene knockout and transcriptomic profiling confirmed that KMT2C and KMT2D have contrasting impacts on tumor growth - an insight that would have been overlooked in standard cell culture. Looking ahead, CRISPR-StAR screening, combined with our user-friendly analysis pipeline available on GitHub (R-package), offer an integrated framework for creating in vivo dependency maps that can complement existing vitro datasets like DepMap and Achilles. Critically, our approach reduces animal use by up to 7-fold compared to conventional in vivo dropout screens. This represents a significant ethical and methodological advancement - achieving genome-scale resolution with far fewer animals and greater reproducibility.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fenoglio, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tepper, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grove, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bejnood, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meier, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devault, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khendu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stowe, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uijttewaal, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haines, B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilker, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schramek, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elling, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersen, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teng, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.14.670372</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Temporal control of sgRNA library activation unlocks large-scale in vivo CRISPR screens]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.08.14.669899v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Purine nucleobases enhance CD8+ T cell effector function 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.08.14.669899v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During antiviral immune responses, activated immune cells remodel metabolic pathways towards uptake and utilization of biosynthetic and bioenergetic metabolites. Concurrently, viral infections alter metabolic environments, impacting metabolite availability for the establishment of an effective immune response. Here, we integrated in vivo metabolomics data from murine and human viral infections with in vitro metabolite screens, identifying purine nucleobases as novel immunometabolites that enhance CD8+ T cell effector function. We found that CD8+ T cells can switch from resource-intensive purine de novo synthesis to purine salvage pathway, to produce nucleotides from purine nucleobases. This strategy of metabolic adaptation allows diversion of biosynthetic and bioenergetic resources towards enhancing effector molecule production. Our findings unveil an adaptation strategy by CD8+ T cells to manage metabolic challenges in dynamic organismal environments and suggest pharmacological targets in purine metabolism as potential targets for immunotherapy.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=144 SRC="FIGDIR/small/669899v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (65K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@17b4b15org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@17e57a3org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1abc36aorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1aa704a_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG Instead of producing nucleotides via purine de novo synthesis, CD8+ T cells can import and utilize purine nucleobases via the purine salvage pathway to divert bioenergetic and biosynthetic resources towards effector function. By shifting from purine de novo synthesis to the purine salvage pathway, cells save significant resources: 5 moles of the key bioenergetic metabolite ATP, and biosynthetic metabolites including 2 moles of glutamine, 1 mole each of serine or glycine, and 1 mole of aspartate.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Genger, J.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haladik, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lercher, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agerer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mangana, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amman, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Viczenczova, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hohl, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hofmann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koblischke, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kratzer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zinober, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kartnig, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schueller, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koren, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.-M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maier, B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bock, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kralovics, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arguello, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aberle, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reiberger, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pickl, W. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Superti-Furga, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klavins, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hannich, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kubicek, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergthaler, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.14.669899</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Purine nucleobases enhance CD8+ T cell effector function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.08.16.670665v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A lipid transfer-dependent feedback loop activates ATG9A compartments in autophagy initiation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.08.16.670665v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Autophagy degrades cellular material by sequestering it in autophagosomes, which form de novo from precursors called phagophores. Phagophore assembly and expansion require ATG9A-positive seed compartments, the lipid transfer protein ATG2A, and the class III phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate kinase complex I (PI3KC3-C1). PI3KC3-C1 synthesizes phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P), a key lipid that drives downstream processes for phagophore expansion, including ATG8 lipidation. We find that ATG9A compartments contain only traces of phosphatidylinositol (PI), likely insufficient for efficient PI3P production or recruitment of PI3P-binding effectors. Nevertheless, ATG2A is recruited to these compartments and mediates lipid transfer, including PI, into them. Remarkably, even without detectable PI3P, ATG9A compartments can support ATG8 lipidation, and ATG8 proteins themselves enhance ATG2A-mediated lipid transfer. In cells, ATG2A is essential for the appearance of PI3P on ATG9A compartments. Together, these findings support a model in which a lipid transfer-driven feedback loop, rather than pre-existing PI content, is required to activate ATG9A compartments for phagophore expansion.

TeaserA feedback loop driven by lipid transfer activates ATG9A compartments for autophagosome biogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Holzer, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sawa-Makarska, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernklau, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romanov, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schuschnig, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martens, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.16.670665</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A lipid transfer-dependent feedback loop activates ATG9A compartments in autophagy initiation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.08.22.671812v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Low-resolution FAIMS for increased peptide coverage in low-load and single-cell proteomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.08.22.671812v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Field Asymmetric Ion Mobility Spectrometry (FAIMS) enhances signal to noise ratio filtering ions based on their differential mobility, making it an indispensable tool for single-cell and low-input proteomics. Here, we investigate the impact of FAIMS resolution tuning via electrode temperature modulation to improve peptide identification sensitivity. We demonstrate that lowering FAIMS resolution broadens the compensation voltage window, thereby increasing ion transmission. This "low-resolution" mode significantly improves peptide identifications from a concentration range of HeLa digests by up to 18%. A weaker but still beneficial effect in peptide identifications and enhanced sensitivity could also be reproduced for single-cell samples. This leads to proteomic fingerprint shifts, resulting in distinct populations in principal component analysis from the very same cell-type in dependence on FAIMS resolution. Moreover, the increased ion counts of runs employing "low-resolution" FAIMS improve the quantitative precision of low-load measurements. These findings offer a practical optimization strategy for FAIMS-based low-input proteomics workflows, that allow for improved results by changing a single setting within the MS method without the need of any change in hardware adoption or data analysis pipelines.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hoch, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matzinger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mechtler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.22.671812</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Low-resolution FAIMS for increased peptide coverage in low-load and single-cell proteomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.08.17.670746v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Post-transcriptional regulation of meiotic transcripts by the RNA binding protein CDM1 is associated with cytoplasmic condensate assemblies 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.08.17.670746v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The transition from diploid to haploid life phases requires extensive reprogramming of gene expression that drive meiotic cell division and the differentiation of haploid forms. A hallmark of meiosis is widespread post-transcriptional regulation, including delayed translation that ensures timely protein production at specific stages. Here, we identify a mechanism controlling the translation of meiotic transcripts in Arabidopsis pollen mother cells, mediated by CALLOSE DEFECTIVE MICROSPORES1 (CDM1). We show that CDM1 affects several meiotic processes, including chromosome pairing, condensation, and cytokinesis. CDM1 forms dynamic, meiosis specific cytoplasmic foci that associate with components of processing bodies and stress granules, giving rise to three-phase condensate assemblies. Biochemical and cellular analyses reveal that CDM1 is an RNA-binding protein with an intrinsic ability to form ribonucleoprotein condensates. Furthermore, we demonstrate that CDM1 binds mRNAs expressed in prophase I and represses their translation until later meiotic stages, coinciding with the disassembly of CDM1 condensates. These findings establish CDM1 as a key post-transcriptional regulator that fine-tunes the expression of meiotic genes to ensure proper progression of microsporogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Saddala, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shukla, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fulnecek, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cairo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brolik, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mikulkova, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pecinkova, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vargova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valuchova, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Capitao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mandakova, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riha, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.17.670746</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Post-transcriptional regulation of meiotic transcripts by the RNA binding protein CDM1 is associated with cytoplasmic condensate assemblies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.09.03.673934v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Major alleles of CDCA7α shape CG-methylation in Arabidopsis thaliana 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.09.03.673934v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
DNA methylation is a key epigenetic mark that impacts gene expression and represses transposable elements (TEs) in eukaryotes. Numerous examples of cis-elements targeted by DNA methylation, particularly at CG sites (mCG), have been reported to be under selective pressure in animals and plants. By contrast, there is limited knowledge of trans-regulators of mCG leading to adaptation. Here, using genome-wide association studies, we identify CELL DIVISION CYCLE-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 7 ALPHA (CDCA7) as a trans-regulator of mCG in natural populations of Arabidopsis thaliana. CDCA7 and its paralog, CDCA7{beta}, directly bind to the chromatin remodeler DECREASE IN DNA METHYLATION 1 (DDM1), which facilitates access of methyltransferases to DNA. CDCA7/{beta} selectively regulates mCG and minimally impacts other DDM1-dependent processes such as non-CG methylation and histone variant deposition. We identify the cis-regulatory sequence modulating CDCA7 expression in natural populations and determining the degree of mCG and TE silencing. The geographic distribution of CDCA7 alleles suggests that new alleles have repeatedly expanded to novel ecological niches, indicating a potential role in local adaptation. Altogether, our findings provide new insight into how changes in global DNA methylation levels through transcriptional regulation of the epigenetic machinery have the capacity to facilitate local adaptation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bourguet, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorkovic, Z. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casado, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bapteste, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Igolkina, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nordborg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berger, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sasaki, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.03.673934</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Major alleles of CDCA7α shape CG-methylation in Arabidopsis thaliana]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.08.26.672285v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cerebral Organoids Uncover Mechanisms of Neural Activity Changes in Epileptogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.08.26.672285v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurological disorders often originate from progressive brain network dysfunctions that start years before symptoms appear. How these changes emerge in the developing human brain remains elusive due to a lack of tractable model systems. Here, we show a cerebral organoid model of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) that recapitulates hallmarks of epileptogenesis in vitro. We compare extracellular recordings of TSC organoids with intraoperative electrocorticography from TSC patients to reveal striking functional similarities, including high-frequency oscillations - an electrical biomarker for epileptogenic tissue. In TSC, a human-specific interneuron sub-type derived from the caudal ganglionic eminence drives network hyper-synchronization through increased spontaneous firing and altered excitability. Inhibiting overproliferation of its progenitors via long-term epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition prevented the onset of this pathological phenotype at functional and morphological levels. Our work shows that organoids allow mechanistic analysis of emerging neural network phenotypes, enabling anti-epileptogenic drug testing in a human brain development model.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nagumo Wong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zabolocki, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eichmüller, O. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klooster, M. A. v.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Priouret, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krauditsch, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krautberger, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez-Granero, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barea Moya, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fieseler, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guzman, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reumann, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Najm, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Verdugo, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paredes, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimmer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ziljmans, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jonas, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bardy, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corsini, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knoblich, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.26.672285</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cerebral Organoids Uncover Mechanisms of Neural Activity Changes in Epileptogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.04.08.647786v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evaluating MINFLUX experimental performance in silico 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.04.08.647786v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MINFLUX is a super-resolution microscopy technique with remarkable resolution for imaging and tracking. Its optical resolution is well understood under idealized conditions, but because of system complexity and experimental imperfections, actual performance can be much worse.

Here we present SimuFLUX, a comprehensive and realistic simulator for MINFLUX. We use it to investigate performance limits caused by fluorophore dynamics, background, estimators, and misalignment, and to simulate experiments to optimize parameters and assess feasibility.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Marin, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ries, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.08.647786</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evaluating MINFLUX experimental performance in silico]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.08.29.673087v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural basis of NSD2 degradation via targeted recruitment of SCF-FBXO22 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.08.29.673087v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Targeted protein degradation (TPD) through the ubiquitin-proteasome system is driven by compound-mediated polyubiquitination of a protein-of-interest by an E3 ubiquitin (Ub) ligase. To date, relatively few E3s have been successfully utilized for TPD and the governing principles of functional ternary complex formation between the E3, degrader, and protein target remain elusive. FBXO22 has recently been harnessed by several groups to target different proteins for degradation. FBXO22 recruitment has been enabled through degraders that covalently modify its cysteine residues. Here, we reveal that the aldehyde derivative of UNC10088 promotes cooperative binding of FBXO22 to NSD2, a histone methyltransferase and oncogenic protein, leading to a cryo-EM structure of the full SKP1-CUL1-F-box (SCF)-FBXO22 complex with NSD2. This structure revealed a conformational change in the FBXO22 loop surrounding C326, further exposing the cysteine for covalent recruitment. Additional medicinal chemistry efforts led to the discovery of benzaldehyde-based non-prodrug degraders that similarly engage C326 of FBXO22 and potently degrade NSD2. Furthermore, unlike many degraders, our molecules recruit NSD2 to a different surface of FBXO22 than the known FBXO22 substrate BACH1, allowing for concurrent complex formation and degradation of both the neosubstrate and endogenous substrates. Overall, we demonstrate the biochemical and structural basis for NSD2 degradation, revealing key principles for efficient and selective TPD by SCFFBXO22.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Robertson, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amann, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Funk, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grishkovskaya, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tabor, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norris-Drouin, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arrowsmith, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collins, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emanuele, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haselbach, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James, L. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, N. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.29.673087</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural basis of NSD2 degradation via targeted recruitment of SCF-FBXO22]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.08.30.673243v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PDS5 proteins control genome architecture by limiting the lifetime of cohesin-NIPBL complexes 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.08.30.673243v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cohesin-NIPBL complexes extrude genomic DNA into loops that are constrained by CTCF boundaries. This process has important regulatory functions and weakens the separation between euchromatic and heterochromatic compartments. Cohesin can also bind PDS5A or PDS5B, which do not support loop extrusion but are required for the formation of CTCF boundaries. How PDS5 proteins perform this function is unknown. Here we show by in vitro single-molecule imaging that PDS5 proteins stop loop extrusion by facilitating the dissociation of NIPBL from cohesin. Hi-C experiments suggest that this function is required for the establishment of CTCF boundaries in cells. In silico modelling indicates that PDS5 proteins enable the separation between compartments by limiting cohesins velocity and chromatin-residence time. The degree of this compartmentalization depends on the frequency with which chromatin is extruded relative to the time it takes for compartments to form. These results identify PDS5 proteins as key regulators of genome organization.

HighlightsO_LIPDS5 proteins stop loop extrusion by facilitating dissociation of NIPBL from cohesin.
C_LIO_LIPDS5 proteins strengthen CTCF boundaries by limiting the lifetime of cohesin-NIPBL.
C_LIO_LIPDS5 proteins regulate compartmentalization.
C_LIO_LICompartmentalization is governed by polymer relaxation and loop extrusion dynamics.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Peters, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wutz, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, I. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banigan, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kawasumi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stocsits, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagasaka, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Costantino, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jansen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirota, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Branzei, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirny, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.30.673243</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PDS5 proteins control genome architecture by limiting the lifetime of cohesin-NIPBL complexes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.08.28.672806v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Strain, procedures, and tools for reproducible genetic transformation and genome editing of Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.08.28.672806v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Duckweeds (Lemnaceae) have excellent potential for fundamental and applied research due to ease of cultivation, small size, and continuous fast clonal growth. However, their usage as model organisms and platforms for biotechnological applications is often limited by the lack of universal genetic manipulation methods necessary for transgene expression, gene editing, and other methods to modify gene expression. To identify suitable strains for genetic manipulation of the giant duckweed, Spirodela polyrhiza, we screened several genotypes for callus induction and regeneration and established genetic transformation. We have identified SP162 to be amenable to Agrobacterium-mediated transformation via tissue culture. The procedure is robust and reproducible across laboratories, allowing stable expression of different reporter genes and selectable markers, enabling CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing. In addition, due to a weak small RNA-based silencing response, S. polyrhiza sustains prolonged periods of transgene activity in transient expression assays. To promote duckweed research and encourage the adoption of S. polyrhiza, we have made SP162 (ID#: 5676) and its genome publicly available and provide here detailed procedures for its cultivation and transformation. Furthermore, we created a web server to explore its genome, retrieve gene sequences, and implemented orthologous gene search and a gRNA design function for diverse CRISPR/Cas-based applications (https://agxu.uni-mainz.de/SP162/).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barragan-Borrero, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Santana Lopes, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodrigues-Batista, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hofer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elias, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakraborty, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ponce-Mane, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Descombes, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diezma-Navas, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petraki, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huber, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mari-Ordonez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.28.672806</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Strain, procedures, and tools for reproducible genetic transformation and genome editing of Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.09.06.674610v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The functional divergence of plant ESCRT components TOL3, SNF7.1, and VPS4 during salt stress response 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.09.06.674610v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Salinity, a major abiotic stressor, impacts protein trafficking and alters transport routes. The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)is a key player for membrane protein sorting and is increasingly recognized as pivotal element in abiotic stress responses. However, the functional role of ESCRT proteins in cereal crops under salt stress remains unexplored. Using the as near as possible to nature DRD-BIBLOX (Dark-Root device Brick Black Box), barley (Hordeum vulgare, L.), although relatively salt-tolerant, exhibits impaired germination, seedling growth, and an altered root system architecture (RSA) under high salinity. Shotgun proteomic analysis revealed spatio-temporal regulation of ESCRT proteins in shoots and roots during seedling development. We identified HvSNF7.1 and HvVPS4 as critical, but differently acting modulators of salt stress responses in barley tissues. In this study we further reveal novel functions of ESCRT-0-like TOM-1-like proteins (TOLs): Previously described as gatekeepers of degradative protein sorting and as regulators of abscisic acid signaling, growth, and heat stress responses in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), HvTOLs had not been characterized for their role in salinity adaptation during plant development. Functional analyses demonstrated lethality in Hvtoldouble and Hvtolquadruple mutants under standard growth conditions. In Arabidopsis, loss of AtTOL3 alone impaired germination and root growth under salt stress, underscoring the essential role of individual TOL proteins in the spatio-temporal regulation of abiotic stress adaptation. These findings highlight ESCRT-mediated trafficking as a key determinant of cereal resilience under saline conditions and provide a molecular framework for improving crop stress tolerance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schnurer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schweighofer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hilscher, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kapusi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korbei, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naegele, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuhrmann, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danninger, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scharl, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bock, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marino, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leister, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibl, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.06.674610</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The functional divergence of plant ESCRT components TOL3, SNF7.1, and VPS4 during salt stress response]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.09.09.675057v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Notch coordinates self-organization of germ layers and axial polarity in cnidarian gastruloids 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.09.09.675057v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dissociation and reaggregation experiments in several animal systems have revealed the stunning capacity of self-organization. Reaggregated early gastrula cells (here called gastruloids) of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis are able to regenerate with only little delay whole organisms that are virtually indistinguishable from normal developing polyps. However, the molecular control underlying the restoration of body axis and germ layers remains largely unknown. To address this, we established a standardized protocol, which reproducibly generates gastruloids developing into polys with a single body axis. Here, we show that committed mesodermal and endodermal cells are sorted out to the surface of the aggregate, where mesodermal cells form clusters of about 30 cells. At a critical time point, one mesodermal cluster immigrates, along with peripherally attached endodermal cells. Thereby, the inner germ layer and the oral-aboral axis is established in one and the same process. Functional studies demonstrated that this polarization of the endodermal cells requires a feedback loop of Notch and Wnt signaling. The dissociation of the early embryo disrupts Notch signaling in the endodermal cells, which leads to transient adoption of an endomesodermal profile, marked by the expression of the mesodermal cadherin1 until the boundaries between the germ layer identities are re-established. Our results highlight distinct morphogenetic behaviors of mesodermal and endodermal cells and the hitherto unknown role of Notch signaling in germ layer boundary formation in self-organizing gastruloids. Conservation of Notch-mediated boundary formation between endoderm and mesoderm mirrors bilaterian mechanisms, demonstrating how adoption of ancestral regulatory networks governing morphogenesis likely enabled the diversification of metazoan body plans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Narayanaswamy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haas, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haillot, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanaka, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Technau, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.09.675057</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Notch coordinates self-organization of germ layers and axial polarity in cnidarian gastruloids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.09.09.675111v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Separable roles for Microprocessor and its cofactors ERH and SAFB1/2 during microRNA cluster assistance 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.09.09.675111v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While most conserved microRNA (miRNA) transcripts harbor a suite of features that mediate their efficient biogenesis into small RNAs, some loci bear suboptimal attributes that enable additional layers of processing regulation. A notable example is cluster assistance, whereby a miRNA hairpin with suboptimal nuclear biogenesis can be enhanced by an optimal neighbor. This process involves local transfer of the Microprocessor complex, composed of the RNase III enzyme Drosha and its partner DGCR8, in concert with cofactors such as ERH and SAFB1/2. However, the mechanism(s) that underlie miRNA cluster assistance remain largely unclear. Here, we gain insights into this process by integrating mutant cells of Microprocessor and its cofactors with analysis of miRNA structure-function variants, biochemical tests and genomewide profiling. We define features of suboptimal miRNAs that render them dependent on cluster assistance, and distinguish amongst a network of proposed interactions amongst Microprocessor and its cofactors, to reveal a subset that are critical for cluster assistance. Most importantly, we use epistatic tests to separate and order the functional requirements for ERH and SAFB1/2 into a pathway. Our data indicate that ERH may engage in the process of Microprocessor transfer between hairpins, while SAFB factors (especially SAFB2) mediate recognition and stable binding of a suboptimal miRNA hairpin after Microprocessor transfer. Finally, we show how cluster assistance integrates into a feedback regulatory loop on Microprocessor, via Drosha-mediated cleavage of a suboptimal miRNA hairpin in the DGCR8 transcript. Altogether, our findings reveal complex regulatory transactions during biogenesis of clustered miRNAs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Popitsch, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ameres, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.09.675111</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Separable roles for Microprocessor and its cofactors ERH and SAFB1/2 during microRNA cluster assistance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.09.09.675178v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Centrosome Softening As A Mechanical Adaptation For Mitosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.09.09.675178v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Centrosomes are microtubule-organizing centers important for mitotic spindle assembly and chromosome segregation. During mitosis, centrosomes are exposed to mechanical forces via the microtubules they nucleate, yet the material properties underlying their response to these forces remain poorly understood. In this study, we systematically probed the mechanical behavior of C. elegans centrosomes, both in vitro and in vivo. Using microtubule perturbations and quantitative live cell imaging, we found that centrosomes become increasingly deformed during mitosis. Centrosome deformation is independent of cortical pulling forces but instead results from microtubule polymerization within the pericentriolar material. This deformation impacts centrosome size: as microtubule number decreases with cell volume in early cleavage divisions, centrosome size scales proportionately. To directly measure centrosome elasticity, we employed atomic force microscopy (AFM) on isolated centrosomes in vitro and Brillouin light scattering microscopy in developing embryos in vivo. Both approaches revealed that centrosomes progressively soften during mitosis. Theoretical modeling predicts that softening serves to dampen spindle force fluctuations, helping to protect kinetochore-microtubule interactions and safeguarding chromosome segregation. Further, softening may enhance centrosomal microtubule nucleation capacity, facilitating mitotic spindle assembly, particularly in large early embryonic cells. We propose that centrosome softening is a mechanical adaptation for mitosis that couples microtubule number to centrosome size through force-dependent deformation. This optimally balances two mitotic requirements: the need for robust microtubule nucleation and the ability to withstand spindle forces, thereby ensuring accurate cell division.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Baucells, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bevilacqua, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rufin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rumpf-Kienzl, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zampetaki, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andriotis, O. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thurner, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prevedel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fürthauer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dammermann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.09.675178</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Centrosome Softening As A Mechanical Adaptation For Mitosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.09.17.676772v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome dynamics across the radiation of a mega-diverse genus 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.09.17.676772v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding the drivers of species diversity and rapid radiations is a major goal in evolutionary biology. Begonia is one of the most species-rich angiosperm genera with 2,164 species currently identified. This genus exhibits considerable variation in chromosome number and a wide range of genome sizes, allowing us to associate genome dynamics with divergence and speciation at a range of temporal scales. We investigate all main radiations within the Begoniaceae family using five previously published Begonia genomes and seven new genome assemblies. We show that Begonia species show more complex, repetitive and dynamic genomes overall than their close relative, the monotypic Hillebrandia sandwicensis. We identify families of repetitive elements that have recently expanded in species from two different highly speciose Southeast Asian sections and two large Neotropical radiations. Detailed characterisation of genomes from species belonging to two parallel radiations, one in Southeast Asia (Begonia section Coelocentrum) and the other in the Neotropics (Begonia section Gireoudia), revealed recent expansion in LTR retrotransposons (LTR-RTs) and satellite DNA, in contrast to more species-poor closely related clades. We further investigate variation in repetitive elements within species, finding that accessions from a population of the widespread Begonia heracleifolia with unusually large genomes show a markedly higher satellite repeat and Ty3/Gypsy LTR-RT content associated with the expansion of a few abundant repeat lineages. We find that accessions derived from this population show lower seed viability in crosses with other conspecific populations, and thus identify a direct link between expansions of repetitive DNA and the process of genetic isolation. These results show how genome dynamics may promote speciation in one of the most diverse flowering plant genera.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Campos-Dominguez, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kongsted, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cure, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Downie, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez-Martinez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, L. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tseng, Y. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, A. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, K. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pellicer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leitch, I. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bombarely, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Twyford, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kidner, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.17.676772</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome dynamics across the radiation of a mega-diverse genus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.03.05.641640v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Combinatorial effects of multiple genes contribute to beneficial aneuploidy phenotypes 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.03.05.641640v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aneuploidy is one of the most common adaptive mechanisms to environmental selection in cells, yet its advantages over other genomic alterations remain unclear. We used budding yeast to determine if beneficial aneuploidy phenotypes are driven primarily by combinatorial expression changes of multiple genes. To determine the impact of complex aneuploidy on cellular fitness and drug resistance, we generated yeast collections with nearly every combination of two chromosome gains or losses. Additionally, we genetically dissected aneuploid chromosomes using partial deletions to identify chromosomal regions contributing to aneuploidy-driven drug resistance. Strong resistance phenotypes consistently came from combinations of chromosomes or chromosomal regions, with up to five regions on a chromosome contributing to resistance to a single drug. Gene ontology terms had limited predictive power in identifying the genes contributing to resistance phenotypes, as the combinatorial effects from different aneuploid regions act through multiple resistance pathways. The strongest phenotypes came from synergistic effects between copy number changes of different chromosomes or chromosomal regions, demonstrating how subtle gene expression changes of many genes combine to greatly impact cell survival.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Koller, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Himmelbauer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fink, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravichandran, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.05.641640</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Combinatorial effects of multiple genes contribute to beneficial aneuploidy phenotypes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.09.08.675014v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell multiomics reveals archetypal regulatory programs shared across CD4 and CD8 T cell subsets in viral infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.09.08.675014v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
T cells protect against pathogens and tumors and can differentiate into various functionally distinct subsets. While each subset exhibits a characteristic epigenomic and transcriptional profile, essential immune functions such as self-renewal, expansion, cytokine production, and cytotoxicity are common to multiple subsets and therefore must be programmed via shared regulatory mechanisms. To uncover these regulatory "archetypes", we integrated a new single-cell multiomic (scATAC+RNA-seq) dataset for CD4 and CD8 T cells responding to acute and chronic viral infection with a comprehensive compendium of bulk ATAC-seq data. Our analysis revealed that T cell identity is governed by a modular architecture, where distinct transcription factors drive the reuse of regulatory archetypes across T cell subsets and lineages. Notably, translationally important progenitor Tcf1+ CD8 T cells, critical for sustaining CD8 T cell responses and present in both acute and chronic infection, exhibited a composite regulatory state combining a CD8 T cell exhaustion program and, unexpectedly, a follicular helper CD4 T cell program. In sum, this resource will aid mechanistic dissection of adaptive immunity and immunotherapy design, and the framework will be broadly applicable across biological systems.

Highlights- Single-cell multiomics and ATAC-seq atlas reveal T cell regulatory archetypes
- A unified progenitor Tcf1+ CD8 T cell population is shared by acute and chronic infection
- Progenitor CD8 T cell identity combines CD8 exhaustion and CD4 Tfh regulatory programs
- A Tfh-like differentiation gradient underlies heterogeneity in progenitor CD8 T cells
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Walker, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Veeken, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rudensky, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pritykin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.08.675014</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell multiomics reveals archetypal regulatory programs shared across CD4 and CD8 T cell subsets in viral infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.09.01.673455v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An electrostatic repulsion model of centromere organisation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.09.01.673455v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During cell division, chromosomes reorganise into compact bodies in which centromeres localise precisely at the chromatin surface1-4 to enable kinetochore-microtubule interactions essential for genome segregation5-8. The physical principles guiding this centromere positioning remain unknown. Here, we reveal that human core centromeres are directed to the chromatin surface by repulsion of centromere-associated proteins - independent of condensin-mediated loop extrusion and microtubule engagement. Using cellular perturbations, biochemical reconstitution, and multiscale molecular dynamics simulations, we show that chromatin surface localisation emerges from repulsion between condensed chromatin and both the kinetochore and the highly negatively charged centromere protein, CENP-B. Together, these elements form a centromeric region composed of two domains with opposing affinities, one favouring integration within the mitotic chromosome and the other favouring exposure to the surrounding cytoplasm, thereby driving surface positioning. Tethering synthetic negatively charged proteins to chromatin was sufficient to recapitulate this surface localisation in cells and in vitro, indicating that electrostatic repulsion is a key determinant of surface localisation. These findings demonstrate that centromere layering is not hardwired by chromatin folding patterns but instead emerges from phase separation in chromatin. Our work uncovers electrostatic polarity as a general and programmable mechanism to spatially organise chromatin.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bell, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maristany, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blaukopf, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huertas, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez Lopez, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Langer, C. C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinacker, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schuette, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doolittle, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Espinosa, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Redding, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collepardo-Guevara, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosen, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerlich, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.01.673455</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An electrostatic repulsion model of centromere organisation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.09.16.676470v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular basis of polyadenylated RNA fate determination in the nucleus 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.09.16.676470v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Eukaryotic genomes generate a plethora of polyadenylated (pA+) RNAs1,2, that are packaged into ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs). To ensure faithful gene expression, functional pA+ RNPs, including protein-coding RNPs, are exported to the cytoplasm, while transcripts within non-functional pA+ RNPs are degraded in the nucleus1-4. How cells distinguish these opposing fates remains unknown. The DExD-box ATPase UAP56/DDX39B is a central component of functional pA+ RNPs, promoting their docking to the nuclear pore complex (NPC)-anchored  transcription and export complex 2 (TREX-2) (ref.5,6), which triggers transcript release from UAP56 to facilitate export (ref.7,8). Here, we uncover that the  Poly(A) tail exosome targeting (PAXT) connection9 harbors its own TREX-2-like module, which releases pA+ RNAs from UAP56 for decay by the nuclear exosome. The core of this module consists of a LENG8-PCID2-SEM1 (LENG8-PS) trimer, which we show is structurally and functionally equivalent to the central GANP-PCID2-SEM1 (GANP-PS) trimer of TREX-2. Mutagenesis and transcriptomic data demonstrate that the nuclear fate of pA+ RNPs is governed by the contending actions of nucleoplasmic PAXT and NPC-associated TREX-2, which interpret RNA-bound UAP56 as a signal for RNA decay or export, respectively. As RNA targets of PAXT are generally short and intron-poor, we propose an overall model for pA+ RNP fate determination, whereby the distinct sub-nuclear localizations of PAXT and TREX-2 govern the degradation of short non-functional pA+ RNAs while allowing export of their longer and functional counterparts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bugai, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hohmann, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorenzo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graf, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rouviere, J. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tirian, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polak, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnsen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jakobsen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersen, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brennecke, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plaschka, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jensen, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.16.676470</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular basis of polyadenylated RNA fate determination in the nucleus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.09.24.678350v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ubiquitination of secretory granules promotes crinophagic degradation in Drosophila 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.09.24.678350v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gland cells dynamically regulate their secretory granule content via balancing the rates of synthesis, maturation, secretion, and lysosomal degradation (crinophagy). The signal(s) leading to crinophagic breakdown of secretory granules are unknown. Here we show that dynamic ubiquitination of unreleased or low-grade glue-containing secretory granules marks these vesicles for crinophagy in larval salivary gland cells of Drosophila. We identify the ubiquitin ligase Cnot4 and the deubiquitinating enzyme Usp7 as mediators of glue granule ubiquitination and deubiquitination, respectively. Loss of either Cnot4 or Usp7 impairs glue granule fusion with lysosomes. Overexpression of Cnot4 induces premature crinophagy while Usp7 overexpression prevents developmental crinophagy via modulation of glue granule ubiquitination status. Our work establishes that ubiquitination of secretory granules is a key trigger of crinophagy in Drosophila, paving the way for further analysis of this barely characterized degradation route in Metazoans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Csizmadia, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dosa, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maddali, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jipa, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laczko-Dobos, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Low, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juhasz, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.24.678350</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ubiquitination of secretory granules promotes crinophagic degradation in Drosophila]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.09.14.676182v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ArchVelo: Archetypal Velocity Modeling for Single-cell Multi-omic Trajectories 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.09.14.676182v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Inferring dynamic cellular processes from static single-cell measurements remains a central challenge in genomics. Here we introduce ArchVelo, a new method for modeling gene regulation and inferring cell trajectories using single-cell simultaneous chromatin accessibility (scATAC-seq) and transcriptomic (scRNA-seq) profiling. ArchVelo represents chromatin accessibility as a set of archetypes--shared regulatory programs--and models their dynamic influence on transcription. Compared to previous methods, ArchVelo improves inference accuracy and gene-level latent time alignment, and enables identification of the underlying transcription factor activity. We benchmark ArchVelo on developing mouse brain and human hematopoiesis datasets and apply it to CD8 T cells responding to viral infection, revealing distinct trajectories of differentiation and proliferation. Focusing on the progenitor CD8 T cell population with key roles in sustaining immune responses and translationally linked to immunotherapy outcomes, we identify a previously uncharacterized differentiation trajectory from Ccr6- to Ccr6+ progenitors, shared between acute and chronic infection. In sum, ArchVelo provides a principled framework for modeling dynamic gene regulation in multi-omic single-cell data across biological systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Avdeeva, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Veeken, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rudensky, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pritykin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.14.676182</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ArchVelo: Archetypal Velocity Modeling for Single-cell Multi-omic Trajectories]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.10.07.680441v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Opposing CTCF and GATA4 activities set the pace of chromatin topology remodeling during cardiomyogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.10.07.680441v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Reorganization of the three-dimensional chromatin structure is a critical feature of human embryonic development. Yet, the mechanisms regulating integrative remodelling of local structures (e.g., loops) and global architecture (e.g., A/B compartmentalization) remain un-clear. Here, we investigate this aspect in the context of cardiomyogenesis, characterized by pronounced B-to-A remodelling of several cardiac-specific genes such as TTN. We focus on the roles of the pioneer transcription factor GATA4 and the architectural protein CTCF. Using an inducible knockdown system during human induced pluripotent stem cell differ-entiation, we show that GATA4 is essential for timely topological activation of key cardiac genes, while partial depletion of CTCF, anticipating physiological downregulation during de-velopment, enhances this process. Deletion of a single CTCF binding site on TTN leads to modest gene decompaction and transcriptional activation. Bulk and single-cell RNA se-quencing of chamber-specific cardiac organoids reveals that loss of GATA4 delays differ-entiation and sustains proliferation of early cardiomyocytes, whereas premature CTCF de-pletion accelerates yet alters cardiomyocyte maturation. These findings suggest that CTCF and GATA4 have antagonistic roles on chromatin dynamics during cardiomyogenesis, form-ing a rheostat that maintains accurate developmental tempo. Disruption of this mecha-nism may contribute to congenital heart defects caused by mutations in these factors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Becca, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bianchi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hahn, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snijders, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Truszkowski, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krepelova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neri, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cacchiarelli, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendjan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balmas, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertero, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.07.680441</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Opposing CTCF and GATA4 activities set the pace of chromatin topology remodeling during cardiomyogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.10.08.681128v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
WNK kinase regulates plasma membrane levels of the WNT inhibitor RNF43 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.10.08.681128v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The E3 ubiquitin ligases RNF43 and ZNRF3 are key negative regulators of canonical WNT signaling, promoting turnover of the WNT receptors FRIZZLED and LRP5/6 at the plasma membrane. While their mechanism of action is well established, how RNF43/ZNRF3 themselves are regulated remains unclear. Here, we identify WNK kinases as novel upstream regulators of RNF43 through proximity labeling proteomics. Using gain- and loss-of-function approaches, we show that WNKs control RNF43 surface localization and thereby its ability to ubiquitinate and downregulate WNT receptors. Pharmacological inhibition of WNKs increases RNF43 membrane abundance and enhances WNT suppression - an effect abolished in RNF43/ZNRF3 double knockout cells and organoids. Mechanistically, WNK inhibition alters RNF43 trafficking and ubiquitination, revealing a role for WNKs in regulating its plasma membrane distribution. These findings define a new regulatory axis linking the pro-WNT activity of WNKs to RNF43/ZNRF3-mediated feedback inhibition. Targeting WNK now offers a novel therapeutic strategy to restore WNT pathway control in cancers with RSPO fusions or RNF43 mutations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Colozza, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jordens, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sosa, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ha, j.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tavernini, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Catala, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farnhammer, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Urban Avellaneda, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maurice, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koo, B.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.08.681128</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[WNK kinase regulates plasma membrane levels of the WNT inhibitor RNF43]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.10.08.681125v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Peripheral tissues of deep-sea mussels exhibit autonomous circadian timing via an atypical mechanism 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.10.08.681125v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While biological rhythms are crucial to life, the deep sea has long been considered an arrhythmic exception. However, at hydrothermal vents - devoid of diel cues yet shaped by tides - the mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus shows both tidal and, unexpectedly, circadian rhythms at -1700 m. Whether endogenous clock(s) drive these cycles remained unanswered. Here, we report endogenous circadian rhythms in B. azoricus cell cultures under constant conditions: isolated cells displayed a circadian oscillator despite tidal-dominant rhythms in situ. Reporter assays using genomic regions upstream of the mussels per gene and containing E-box motifs indicate that a functional transcription-translation feedback loop (TTFL) underpins circadian timing even in the deep sea. In contrast to conventional models, however, BazPeriod lacks autonomous repressive activity but modulates BazCry2. As BazPeriod itself oscillates tidally, it may explain how a single endogenous clock yields both tidal and diel rhythms. The work also spotlights the highly time-sensitive biology of vastly unexplored deep-sea biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mat, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scaramuzza, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klopp, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matabos, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tessmar-Raible, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.08.681125</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Peripheral tissues of deep-sea mussels exhibit autonomous circadian timing via an atypical mechanism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.10.09.680955v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Innovations in spinal cord cell type heterogeneity across vertebrate evolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.10.09.680955v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Vertebrates display remarkable diversity of sensorimotor behaviors, each adapted to distinct ecological and survival demands. This diversity raises fundamental questions about the evolutionary origin of motor control: do conserved spinal circuits underlie these behaviors, and how have they diverged across species. Recent studies detail spinal cell-type architecture in mammals but comparable, high-resolution atlases of the non-mammalian spinal cord are lacking. Here, we compare spinal cord cell types between fish, frogs, mice and humans, spanning [~]450 million years of evolution. Across species, we define highly conserved programs of cell type specification that segregate spinal neurons into nearly identical cardinal classes during development. This contrasts with adult stages, when spinal cell-type composition selectively diverges for excitatory neuron subpopulations. Using spatial transcriptomics, we localize this species divergence to the superficial, dorsal spinal cord, where variant neuropeptide expression defines mammalian-specific cell types. The most dorsal spinal cord thus emerges as a recently evolved hub for sensory integration in mammals, a neospinal cord analogous to the neocortex.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ignatyev, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papadopoulos, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soretic, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeung, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, T.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanaka, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peshkin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levine, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabitto, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sweeney, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.09.680955</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Innovations in spinal cord cell type heterogeneity across vertebrate evolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.10.09.681131v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Drosophila OSC Genome: A Resource for Studies of Transposon and piRNA Biology 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.10.09.681131v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accurate genome assemblies are critical for understanding small RNA-mediated genome defense. In animals, the PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway protects genome integrity by silencing transposable elements. Studying how piRNAs are generated and how they guide heterochromatin formation requires complete reconstruction of genomic piRNA source loci and detailed transposon maps.

Here, we present a high-quality de novo genome assembly of Drosophila melanogaster ovarian somatic cells (OSCs), a widely used cell line that recapitulates nuclear piRNA biology. The OSC genome differs substantially from the reference genome, with major differences in transposon content and piRNA cluster composition. Our assembly resolves the 700 kb flamenco locus, the primary piRNA cluster in OSCs, and provides a genome-wide transposon map.

Using this resource, we characterize piRNA source loci, reveal how piRNA cluster composition determines transposon-derived piRNA profiles, and clarify the widespread impact of the nuclear piRNA pathway on heterochromatin. Finally, we provide an open platform for integrating user-generated datasets with the OSC genome, creating a community resource for studying transposon control and piRNA biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Handler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brennecke, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.09.681131</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Drosophila OSC Genome: A Resource for Studies of Transposon and piRNA Biology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.10.19.683276v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Antagonistic histone H2A variants and autonomous heterochromatin formation shape epigenomic patterns in Arabidopsis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.10.19.683276v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Heterochromatin formation is pivotal in many eukaryotes with repetitive sequences, such as transposable elements (TEs). However, in plants, where the known de novo DNA methylation mechanism (RdDM) targets euchromatin, how heterochromatin is formed in a region-specific manner remains unclear. We previously reported an RdDM-independent de novo establishment of H3K9me and non-CpG methylation, both of which localize in heterochromatin. Here we show that the mutually exclusive histone H2A variants, H2A.W and H2A.Z, function as guides to initiate heterochromatin formation; H2A.W and H2A.Z promotes and inhibits heterochromatin establishment, respectively, especially in chromosomal arm regions with dispersed TEs. In contrast, pericentromeric TEs demonstrate autonomous heterochromatin formation, less dependently on these H2A variants. Furthermore, H2A.Z protects protein-coding genes from ectopic heterochromatin formation, possibly by preventing its spreading. We propose that the genome indexing mechanism driven by H2A variants, as well as the autonomous formation of pericentromeric heterochromatin, shapes proper epigenomic patterns in Arabidopsis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Oda, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tominaga, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takeuchi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osakabe, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kawabe, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berger, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kakutani, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>To, T. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.19.683276</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Antagonistic histone H2A variants and autonomous heterochromatin formation shape epigenomic patterns in Arabidopsis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.08.29.672809v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome reorganisation and expansion shape 3D genome architecture and define a distinct regulatory landscape in coleoid cephalopods 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.08.29.672809v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
How genomic changes translate into organismal novelties is often confounded by the multi-layered nature of genome architecture and the long evolutionary timescales over which molecular changes accumulate. Coleoid cephalopods (squid, cuttlefish, and octopus) provide a unique system to study these processes due to a large-scale chromosomal rearrangement in the coleoid ancestor that resulted in highly modified karyotypes, followed by lineage-specific fusions, translocations, and repeat expansions. How these events have shaped gene regulatory patterns underlying the evolution of coleoid innovations, including their large and elaborately structured nervous systems, novel organs, and complex behaviours, remains poorly understood. To address this, we integrate Micro-C, RNA-seq, and ATAC-seq across multiple coleoid species, developmental stages, and tissues. We find that while topological compartments are broadly conserved, hundreds of chromatin loops are species- and context-specific, with distinct regulation signatures and dynamic expression profiles. CRISPR-Cas9 knockout of a putative regulatory sequence within a conserved region demonstrates the role of loops in neural development and the prevalence of long-range, inter-compartmental interactions. We propose that differential evolutionary constraints across the coleoid 3D genome allow macroevolutionary processes to shape genome topology in distinct ways, facilitating the emergence of novel regulatory entanglements and ultimately contributing to the evolution and maintenance of complex traits in coleoids.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rogers, T. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stock, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schulz, N. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yalcin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rencken, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weissenbacher, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clarence, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schultz, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ragsdale, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albertin, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simakov, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.29.672809</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome reorganisation and expansion shape 3D genome architecture and define a distinct regulatory landscape in coleoid cephalopods]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.10.17.683068v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Engineering human protein switches for functional control of CARs and transcription factors via oral drug administration 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.10.17.683068v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While CAR T cells have revolutionized the treatment of certain hematologic malignancies, they can cause severe toxicities, which are expected to be exacerbated with next-generation CAR Ts engineered for improved proliferation, persistence, and efficacy. Therefore, regulatory systems are urgently needed to be able to control these living drugs directly in patients. Here, we engineered a molecular switch, in which the interaction of two human proteins is efficiently induced with the orally available and non-toxic drug A1120. We demonstrate the versatility of this switch by regulating CAR signaling and transcriptional activity in human T cells in vitro and in vivo. Both systems were tightly controlled in the absence of the drug but strongly activated upon administration of the small molecule. Since this switch enables the regulation of diverse systems including CARs and transcription factors, we anticipate that it represents an important step towards next-generation cellular therapies with improved safety and efficacy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sylvander, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munoz-Lopez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D Accardio, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emminger, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mouratidis, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engert, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baik, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balaji, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michls, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buri, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maresch, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Urbanetz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaefer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mittelstaet, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuber, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosato, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engels, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zajc, C. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Traxlmayr, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lehner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.17.683068</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Engineering human protein switches for functional control of CARs and transcription factors via oral drug administration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.10.22.619599v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The nascent RNA labelling compound 5-ethynyl uridine (EU) integrates into DNA in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.10.22.619599v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe detection of de novo synthesized mRNA transcripts is crucial for understanding the regulation of eukaryotic transcription. Using nucleoside or nucleotide analogues to label nascent RNA is potentially jeopardized by the ubiquitous presence of ribonucleotide reductase enzymes (RNRs) that can convert ribonucleotides into 2-deoxyribonucleotides, the building blocks of DNA. Despite this challenge, the uridine analogue 5-ethynyl uridine (EU) has been commercialized and routinely used as specific label for nascent RNAs. Here, we employ confocal imaging, flow cytometry and biochemistry methods to study the specificity of EU to label RNA in six different animal species.

ResultsWe demonstrate that EU integrates as expected predominantly into RNA of human embryonic kidney cell line (HEK293), the Drosophila wing disc and the comb jelly Mnemiopsis leidyi. In contrast, we found that EU predominantly labels DNA in the sea anemones Nematostella vectensis and Exaiptasia diaphana, and the polychaete Platynereis dumerilii. In Nematostella, we show that inhibiting RNR by hydroxyurea abolishes cell proliferation and the incorporation of EU into DNA. Alternative compounds for labelling nascent RNA, such as 5-ethynyl cytidine (EC), 5-ethynyl uridine triphosphate (EUTP) or 2-ethynyl adenosine (EA) show similarly low specificity for RNA in Nematostella.

ConclusionsOur findings raise concerns about the specificity of ethynylated nucleosides and nucleotides, including EU, to label RNA in some animals. We therefore suggest good practice guidelines for using EU as an RNA labelling tool and discuss pitfalls and indicators that help identifying unintentional DNA labelling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kjosavik, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garschall, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinmetz, P. R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.22.619599</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The nascent RNA labelling compound 5-ethynyl uridine (EU) integrates into DNA in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.10.20.683360v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unravelling the intraspecific variation in drought responses in seedlings of European black pine (Pinus nigra J.F. Arnold) 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.10.20.683360v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
O_LIUnderstanding intraspecific variation in drought tolerance is essential for predicting the adaptive capacity of forest species under climate change. Yet, the molecular basis of this variation remains poorly understood in ecologically and economically important conifers.
C_LIO_LIWe integrated high-throughput phenotyping with metabolomics and transcriptomics under standardized soil drying to investigate drought responses across nine climatically distinct provenances of the conifer Pinus nigra. We tested whether drought tolerance--measured as decline in maximum quantum yield of the photosystem II (Fv/Fm)--varies among provenances, follows a climatic cline, and involves trade-off with growth. To identify the underlying molecular basis, we performed metabolomics and transcriptomics in four provenances representing contrasting drought tolerance.
C_LIO_LIDrought tolerance varied significantly among provenances and was decoupled from growth, yet showed no differentiation along the climatic cline. Drought tolerant provenances differed from sensitive ones in both constitutive and drought-induced levels of flavonoid and diterpene metabolites. Transcriptomic profiles further highlighted provenance-specific differences in gene expression related to flavonoids.
C_LIO_LIOur results demonstrate the utility of integrating automated phenotyping with molecular profiling to uncover the metabolic basis of drought adaptation, laying the groundwork for targeted studies on metabolite function and tolerance strategies in non-model conifers.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ahmad, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hammerbacher, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Priemer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ciceu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karolak, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mader, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olsson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schinnerl, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seitner, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schoendorfer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helfenbein, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jakub, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breuer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Espinosa, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caballero, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ganthaler, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayr, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grosskinsky, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wienkoop, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schueler, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trujillo-Moya, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Loo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.20.683360</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unravelling the intraspecific variation in drought responses in seedlings of European black pine (Pinus nigra J.F. Arnold)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.10.23.684114v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell-stereotyped DNA repair outcomes are widespread during genome editing 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.10.23.684114v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome editing outcomes are governed by DNA repair pathways that vary with cell type and state. We developed scOUT-seq (single-cell Outcomes Using Transcript sequencing), a scalable approach that jointly profiles transcriptomes and matched multi-allelic editing outcomes ranging from homology directed repair (HDR) to inter-chromosomal translocations. We mapped editing outcomes in human CD34 hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), mouse LSK HSPC equivalents, human upper airway organoids, and mouse multi-organ in vivo editing. Profiling 500,000 alleles across 74 cell types, scOUT-seq revealed that outcomes in most cell subtypes differ markedly from the bulk average. Various cell types shifted major repair classes, preferred different molecular sequences, and even enriched large structural variants, with distinctive patterns of allelic co-occurrence. Surprisingly, rare stem subtypes diverged from prevalent progenitors, and inhibitory neuron subtypes efficiently incorporated HDR alleles. These data suggest the potential for tailored therapeutic editing that may have been missed by bulk measurements.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schlapansky, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schröder, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santinha, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rothgangl, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ioannidi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cullot, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewkow, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ortega, G. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nouraiz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mailänder, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Selbert, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egea, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shin, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bordi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeWitt, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gvozdenovic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schroeder, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gehart, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwank, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Platt, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corn, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.23.684114</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell-stereotyped DNA repair outcomes are widespread during genome editing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.11.10.687525v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Antagonism between blue and red light-signalling controls thallus flatness in Marchantia polymorpha 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.11.10.687525v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The growth orientation of the Marchantia polymorpha thallus - a system of dorsiventralized, indeterminate axes - is modulated by light. We show that red and blue light act antagonistically to control thallus growth tropisms, with red light signalling promoting epinasty and blue light signalling promoting hyponasty. We found that loss-of-function mutations in the blue light receptor MpPHOT led to epinasty, while loss-of-function mutations in the red light receptor MpPHY resulted in hyponasty. We hypothesize that these antagonistic activities of blue and red light signalling are balanced in white light, resulting in the development of flat thalli. Using time-resolved transcriptomics, we identified genes that were rapidly induced upon light exposure. Among these genes were all six members of the M. polymorpha BBX gene family. Mutants harbouring loss-of-function mutations in two of the six MpBBX transcription factors developed defective thallus tropisms. Mpbbx1 loss-of-function mutants formed hyponastic thalli, while Mpbbx5 loss-of-function mutants developed epinastic thalli. Double mutants Mpbbx1 Mpbbx5 grew flat, supporting the hypothesis that they function antagonistically. Together, these data indicate that phototropin-mediated blue light and phytochrome-mediated red light signalling antagonistically modulate thallus tropism, and that BBX transcription factors also act antagonistically to regulate thallus flatness.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roetzer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asper, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meir, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edelbacher, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merai, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Datta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dolan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.10.687525</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Antagonism between blue and red light-signalling controls thallus flatness in Marchantia polymorpha]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.10.27.684733v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase drives fibroblast activation and skin fibrosis in systemic sclerosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.10.27.684733v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundIn systemic sclerosis (SSc), an autoimmune response leads to progressive fibrosis of the skin and internal organs, driven by aberrant activation of fibroblasts. The mechanisms dictating persistent dermal fibroblast (DF) activation and production of extracellular matrix (ECM) remain poorly understood. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), a SAM-consuming enzyme that modulates cellular methylation potential, has been implicated in fibrotic tissue remodelling in metabolic and malignant diseases. Here, we identify NNMT as a key determinant in DF activation and fibrosis in SSc.

MethodsWe analyzed bulk, single-cell RNA-Seq and spatial transcriptomics datasets from SSc skin. Functional studies were performed in TGF{beta}-activated primary human DFs using siRNA-mediated NNMT knockdown (KD) combined with RNA-Seq, metabolite profiling, ELISA, and western blotting. The role of NNMT-regulated transcription factors was assessed by QuantSeq 3' RNA-Seq following ATF4, SOX9, or SRF KD.

FindingsNNMT was markedly upregulated in SSc skin and enriched in disease-expanded SFRP2/COL8A1 myofibroblast states. NNMT KD restored methylation balance by increasing the SAM/SAH ratio and H3K27me3 levels, and abrogated TGF{beta}-induced profibrotic programs regulating ECM production and collagen synthesis. Mechanistically, NNMT was required for TGF{beta}-induced upregulation of the transcription factors ATF4, SOX9, and SRF, which together orchestrate ECM gene expression and COL1A1 secretion.

InterpretationThese findings define a previously unrecognized TGF{beta}-NNMT-ATF4/SOX9/SRF axis that coordinates profibrotic transcriptional programs in DFs. Accordingly, NNMT functions as a central effector linking TGF{beta} signaling to DF activation and ECM remodelling. Targeting NNMT may thus represent a promising therapeutic strategy to attenuate skin fibrosis in SSc.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tosevska, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>von Dalwigk, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heil, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kartnig, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korosec, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niederreiter, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sacnun, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koecher, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aletaha, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiener, H. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lichtenberger, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heinz, L. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karonitsch, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.27.684733</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase drives fibroblast activation and skin fibrosis in systemic sclerosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.10.30.685539v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cohesin Acetylation and ATPase Activity Control Cohesion and Loop Architecture through Distinct Mechanisms 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.10.30.685539v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cohesin is a conserved protein complex that mediates sister chromatid cohesion, chromosome condensation, gene regulation, and DNA repair. These processes rely on cohesins ability to tether sister chromatids and form chromatin loops, which depend on cohesins ATPase activity and Eco1-mediated acetylation of two lysine residues (K112 and K113 in budding yeast) in its Smc3 subunit. How cohesins ATPase activity and acetylation integrate to control cohesin functions remains poorly understood. Here, we analyzed chromatin architecture in yeast mutants with altered cohesin acetylation and/or ATPase activity. We find that acetylation of either K112 or K113 is sufficient to produce a wild-type chromosome structure with loops positioned at cohesin-associated regions (CARs), whereas loss of acetylation at both residues abolishes positioned loops, indicating that acetylation at either lysine alone can maintain wild-type chromatin architecture. We further show that a cohesin acetylation mutant, despite being defective in sister-chromatid tethering and thus failing to establish cohesion, still forms wild-type-like loops, while cohesion-competent mutants lack positioned loops. These results suggest that the activities required for cohesion and loop formation are mechanistically separable, arguing against passive loop capture. Moreover, a mutant with reduced ATPase activity showed a loop profile similar to wild type, indicating that cohesin with lower ATPase activity can still form wild-type chromatin architecture. By contrast, hyper-ATPase mutants accumulate positioned loops, suggesting that increasing ATPase activity can enhance loop processivity. Together, our findings support a multilayered regulatory model in which acetylation fine-tunes ATPase output and cohesin functions to shape genome architecture.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Costantino, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boardman, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koshland, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.30.685539</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cohesin Acetylation and ATPase Activity Control Cohesion and Loop Architecture through Distinct Mechanisms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.11.03.686206v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic insights into Iron Age Saka culture: Ancient DNA analysis of the Boz-Barmak burial ground, Kyrgyzstan 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.11.03.686206v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The nomadic cultures of the Iron Age played an important role in shaping the genetic and cultural landscape of Eurasian populations. Yet despite its key geographical location, the Central Eurasian region remains underrepresented in ancient DNA studies of humans. We address this gap through genomic analysis of 12 individuals from the Boz-Barmak burial site in Kyrgyzstan associated with Saka pastoralists (4th-2nd centuries BCE), 9 of which yielded low-coverage genomes. Genetic clustering analysis placed these individuals within the genetic variation of ancient and modern Central Eurasian and Siberian populations. We found no evidence of first-degree relatives in a kinship analysis, however a network of second- and third-degree relationships seems to be present. Notably, all male individuals share the same Y-chromosomal haplotype, common in present-day Kyrgyz and Tajik groups, while mitochondrial DNA showed comparably high diversity, with distinct haplogroups observed across the analysed individuals. These findings are in line with archaeological and ethnographic evidence of patrilocality in Early Iron Age Saka, where male lineages remained stable across generations, while female mobility contributed to genetic diversity. Our study complements our understanding of the interplay between kinship, social organization and population history in nomadic cultures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rymbekova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gelabert, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Llanos-Lizcano, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balakrishnan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hämmerle, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheronet, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdykanova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kasymkulov, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hrivnyak, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>T. Eng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinhasi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuhlwilm, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.03.686206</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic insights into Iron Age Saka culture: Ancient DNA analysis of the Boz-Barmak burial ground, Kyrgyzstan]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.11.04.686542v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nuclear auxin signalling induces autophagy for developmental reprogramming 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.11.04.686542v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The phytohormone auxin is a central regulator of plant growth and development, traditionally known for mediating transcriptional reprogramming through the canonical TIR1/AFB-Aux/IAA signalling pathway. In this study, we reveal that auxin rapidly induces macroautophagy, a catabolic process critical for the removal and recycling of superfluous macromolecules. We demonstrate that natural auxin (IAA) triggers autophagy at physiological concentrations. Genetic and pharmacological analyses show that TIR1/AFB receptors and their adenylate cyclase activity are indispensable for autophagy induction. Furthermore, auxin-induced autophagy depends on transcription, highlighting its integration with the broader gene regulatory networks. Functionally, we show that auxin-induced autophagy is required for efficient developmental reprogramming and organogenesis in both root and shoots. Autophagy is induced at places of local auxin maxima and autophagy-deficient mutants exhibit delayed differentiation and retarded organ primordia progression at the meristematic zones. Together, our findings uncover a dual role for auxin in coordinating gene expression and autophagic clearance, thereby facilitating rapid and effective developmental transitions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Giannini, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loefke, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunoud, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertran Garcia de Ollala, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riegler, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teplova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez Gonzalez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nava Garcia, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benkova, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>VERNOUX, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dagdas, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friml, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.04.686542</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nuclear auxin signalling induces autophagy for developmental reprogramming]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.11.07.687251v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reconstitution of multistep recruitment of ULK1 to membranes in autophagy 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.11.07.687251v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ULK1 complex (ULK1C) and the class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex I (PI3KC3-C1) act together to initiate autophagy. Human ULK1C consists of ULK1 itself, FIP200, and the HORMA domain heterodimer ATG13:ATG101. PI3P generated by PI3KC3-C1 is essential to recruit and stabilize ULK1C on membranes for ULK1 to phosphorylate its membrane-associated substrates in autophagy induction, even though ULK1C subunits do not contain any PI3P-binding domains. Here we show that the ATG13:ATG101 dimer forms a tight complex with the PI3P-binding protein WIPI3, as well as with WIPI2. Bound to WIPI2-3, ATG13:ATG101 aligns with the membrane to insert its Trp-Phe (WF) finger into the membrane. Molecular dynamics simulations show that alignment of WIPIs and the ATG101 WF finger cooperatively stabilizes the complex on membranes, explaining the essential role of the WF residues in autophagy. Biochemical reconstitution and a cell-based assay show that WIPI3:ATG13 engagement is required for ATG16L1 phosphorylation by ULK1, ATG13 puncta formation, and bulk autophagic flux. We further showed that a kinase domain (KD)-proximal PVP motif within the ULK1 IDR docks onto the surface of the ATG13:ATG101 HORMA dimer and used molecular modeling to show how the ULK1 KD is brought close to the membrane surface. Biochemical reconstitution and cell-based assays show that the PVP motif is essential for in vitro ULK1 phosphorylation of ATG16L1 and important for starvation-induced autophagy and BNIP3/NIX-dependent mitophagy. These data establish a stepwise pathway for recruitment of the ULK1 KD to the vicinity of the membrane surface downstream of PI3KC3-C1.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Duan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Betz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilhelm, L. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cook, A. S. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adriaenssens, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martens, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ganley, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hummer, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hurley, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.07.687251</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reconstitution of multistep recruitment of ULK1 to membranes in autophagy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.11.10.687595v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BarlowTrack: A Self-Supervised Framework for Zero-Shot Multi-Object Cell Tracking 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.11.10.687595v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent advances in neuroscience have made it possible to image large brain regions at single-cell resolution. However, classic methods for processing these videos into neuronal time series fail in the presence of large and nonrigid deformations, in particular for freely moving animals. Several successful algorithms have been proposed to solve this problem in moving C. elegans, but they are highly specific to the conditions of a single research setting. We propose a tracking pipeline based on self-supervised learning that achieves a high level of zero-shot accuracy across conditions, and, for the first time, independent laboratories. We contribute a novel term in the Barlow Twins loss function to encourage decorrelation of features across detected instances at the same time point. To encourage broad adoption, we use the standardized Neurodata Without Borders (NWB) format and we provide a GUI for visualization of the final results and neuronal time series. Finally, we provide a benchmark of datasets with ground truth annotations in the NWB format for further algorithmic development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fieseler, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lev, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madhusudhanan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhai, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwartz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimmer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.10.687595</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BarlowTrack: A Self-Supervised Framework for Zero-Shot Multi-Object Cell Tracking]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.11.12.687980v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-step implementation of meiotic crossover patterning 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.11.12.687980v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Crossover formation during meiosis is a tightly controlled process in which genetic information is exchanged between homologous chromosomes to increase the diversity of the progeny. In this process, an excess of double-strand breaks is introduced, but only a limited subset is ultimately processed into crossovers. Imbalances in the distribution of crossovers can lead to errors in chromosome segregation, with devastating consequences on the health of the progeny. However, the selection of which breaks are designated to become crossovers is still poorly understood, as both its timing and the ultimate molecular mechanisms are under debate. Here, we used 3D dual-color single-molecule localization microscopy and real-time confocal imaging, combined with advanced image analysis, to investigate the timing and mechanism of crossover designation in C. elegans. We show that meiotic crossover patterning is not established by a single decision point but depends on a dynamic, multi-layered regulation process. An initial, early selection process restricts potential crossovers to a small subset of double-strand break sites that already exhibit basic patterning features, including assurance and interference. A second, later step fine-tunes this pattern to ultimately ensure genome integrity and promote accurate chromosome segregation. Real-time imaging reveals that although the full process takes more than seven hours, key molecular events occur within minutes, high-lighting how rapid local dynamic changes can give rise to an overall slow but extremely robust crossover regulation program.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cavka, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woglar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durmus, E. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sloat, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gros, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pineiro Lopez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hecht, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villeneuve, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ries, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koehler, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.12.687980</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-step implementation of meiotic crossover patterning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.11.16.688672v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pathway and gates for ATG2A-mediated lipid transport in autophagy 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.11.16.688672v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Autophagy is a complex process in which eukaryotic cells degrade cytosolic components by delivering them to lysosomes via double-membrane autophagosomes. The lipid transfer protein ATG2A plays a crucial role in autophagosome formation by tethering the phagophore membrane to the ER and delivering a significant fraction of the required lipids. The mechanism by which ATG2A shuttles lipids from one membrane to the other, however, remains elusive. Here, we combine structural predictions, molecular dynamics simulations and in vitro lipid transfer assays to gain mechanistic insights into ATG2A-mediated lipid transport. Using this integrative approach, we characterize the contact sites of the protein with donor and acceptor membranes. Our simulations capture multiple events of lipid uptake and delivery from and to the bound membrane. Conformational rearrangements of N-terminal amphipathic helices emerge as a critical factor for facile lipid transport. With this insight, we designed an ATG2A mutant that transfers lipids three times faster than the wild type in vitro. In complex with ATG9A, ATG2A forms a bridge between two parallel membranes at 12 nm separation. Overall, our findings suggest that ATG2A is a lipid transporter gated at the N-terminus by blocking helices that, upon release, act as additional membrane tethers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cabezudo, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holzer, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martens, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hummer, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.16.688672</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pathway and gates for ATG2A-mediated lipid transport in autophagy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.11.17.687821v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systematic Discovery of Pathogen Effector Functions across Human Pathogens and Pathways 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.11.17.687821v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pathogens deploy effector proteins to exploit host cell biology, and most pathogen open reading frames (ORFs) are rapidly evolving and lack functional annotation. We developed the eORFeome, a scalable functional genomics platform encompassing 3,835 effector ORFs from diverse viruses, bacteria, and parasites. High-throughput barcoded screens across NF{kappa}B, apoptosis, p53, cGAS-STING and MHC-I pathways revealed functions for hundreds of uncharacterized eORFs, unexpected new activities for known effectors, and distinct pathway-specific functions encoded by single ORFs. Illustrating the power of the approach, we identify HHV6A U14 as a p53 antagonist, HHV7 U21 as a dual-function STING antagonist and MHC-I antigen display inhibitor, and adenoviral 13.6K/i-leader protein as a de novo evolved TAP inhibitor that suppresses MHC-I display. These results establish a general framework for systematic effector annotation, uncover new mechanisms of host-pathogen interaction across kingdoms, and highlight pathogen effectors as a versatile toolkit for rewiring and probing human cellular pathways.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pachano, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dugied, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tribble, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loubiere, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rauh, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schleiffer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weller, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyons, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hass, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kottyan, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weirauch, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuxman Bass, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newton, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ensminger, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Falter-Braun, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schramek, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stark, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taipale, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.17.687821</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systematic Discovery of Pathogen Effector Functions across Human Pathogens and Pathways]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.11.28.691182v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
AGO5 restricts virus vertical transmission in plant gametophytes 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.11.28.691182v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The propagation of a viral infection from a host parent to its progeny is known as vertical transmission, or seed transmission in plants. It allows viral infections to rapidly spread locally via pollen and worldwide through seeds. To be vertically transmitted to each progeny, a virus must pass through the tight bottleneck of at least one cell per parent - the gametes. Therefore, stopping infection during sexual reproduction is of vital importance to generate healthy offspring. Accordingly, vertical transmission of plant viruses often occurs at very low rates, if at all, suggesting the existence of highly effective - yet unknown - antiviral defenses in pre-meiotic cells, gametes and/or embryos. In this study, we show that AGO5, an RNA interference factor expressed specifically in shoot apical meristem stem cells and the germline of Arabidopsis thaliana, drastically reduces the vertical transmission of Turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV). Through a series of controlled pollination experiments leveraging different zygosity of ago5 knock-out, cell type-specific rescue of ago5 and TYMV detection in whole-mount reproductive tissues, we provide evidence that AGO5 acts in pollen and sperm cells to restrict virus transmission to progeny. We further show that triggering antiviral RNA interference specifically in sperm cells leads to a significant reduction in TYMV vertical transmission. In summary, this study provides the first description of a gamete-specific antiviral defense mechanism restricting virus vertical transmission, paving the way for new strategies to prevent the spread of pollen- and seed-borne viral epidemics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hoffmann, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sadhu, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bradamante, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diez Marulanda, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Proschwitz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wegscheider, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turhan, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bente, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutzat, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Incarbone, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.28.691182</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[AGO5 restricts virus vertical transmission in plant gametophytes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.11.20.687681v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inferring and Evaluating Network Medicine-Based Disease Modules with Nextflow 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.11.20.687681v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most human diseases result from complex molecular interactions of genes and proteins. Various network-based computational methods characterize these mechanisms by expanding seed genes into disease-associated subnetworks, or disease modules.

Evaluating these diverse methods is tedious due to unique installation and data preparation requirements. Moreover, the underlying algorithmic strategies differ, making it difficult to determine which of the created modules are most useful or biologically plausible.

To address this challenge, we developed an all-in-one Nextflow pipeline that enables automated and reproducible analyses. It handles installation, input preparation, execution, and systematic evaluation of six widely used module detection tools, considering module topology, functional coherence, robustness, and the capacity to recover seeds. In addition, it annotates the resulting disease modules with biological context information, prioritizes potential drug candidates, and generates visualizations and a comprehensive summary report.

To showcase the value of our pipeline and offer guidance to potential users, we performed a comprehensive evaluation across 50 different disease-network combinations, revealing substantial variability among the derived disease modules. We show that this variability is driven by differences in modeling approach, input network, and seed composition. While most methods are robust to minor perturbations, they struggle to recover omitted seeds, and none consistently outperforms others, underscoring the need for careful method selection.

Our work enables the research community to systematically compare approaches for disease module discovery, promoting reproducible network medicine research. Integrated into the nf-core project (https://nf-co.re/diseasemodulediscovery), it is intended as an extendable, long-term resource for tracking progress in the field.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kersting, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spindler, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bucheron, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguirre-Plans, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manz, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pock, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delgado-Chaves, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nogales, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, H. H. H. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menche, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baumbach, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guney, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>List, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.20.687681</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inferring and Evaluating Network Medicine-Based Disease Modules with Nextflow]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/452086v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ddx3x regulates B-cell development and light chain recombination in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/452086v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The X chromosome gene, DDX3X, is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase with roles in transcription, splicing, nuclear export, and translation. Loss of function mutations in DDX3X are linked to a variety of neoplasms, including B-cell lymphoma. We find that conditional homozygous deletion (Mb1-Cre) of Ddx3x in developing mouse B cells in female mice results in a complete absence of mature peripheral B cells associated with an absolute block at the pro-B cell stage of development in the bone marrow. In male mice with Vav1-Cre or Mb1-Cre mediated hemizygous deletion of Ddx3x, there are less severe reductions in peripheral B-cell frequencies with skewing towards the marginal zone lineage, suggesting that the Y chromosome homolog Ddx3y or other male factors may partially compensate for loss of Ddx3x. Loss of Ddx3x in male mice is associated with perturbations at developmental time points linked to cell cycle arrest and immunoglobulin chain rearrangement. Mechanistically, loss of Ddx3x in pre-B cells is associated with reduced expression of the histone reader Brwd1, failure to curtail proliferation, and defective Igk rearrangement, which skews the peripheral B cell receptor repertoire toward lambda light chain usage. These data reveal that Ddx3x plays an essential role in B-cell development by supporting proliferative and epigenetic changes necessary for rearrangement of immunoglobulin genes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuazon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karmele, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishnamurthy, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perlot, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foong-Sobis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karns, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mandal, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reynaud, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scofield, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penninger, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harley, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waggoner, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/452086</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ddx3x regulates B-cell development and light chain recombination in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.11.25.690553v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ultrafast CTCF dynamics control cohesin barrier function 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.11.25.690553v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genomes are organized into chromatin loops through cohesin-mediated extrusion, with CTCF acting as a polar boundary element. As cohesin approaches CTCF at kilobase-per-second speeds, it must rapidly choose whether to stall or bypass. How CTCF encodes this probabilistic decision within a brief encounter window has remained unclear. Here we show that CTCF governs this probabilistic outcome by rapidly sampling a dynamic ensemble of conformations generated by spontaneous rearrangements of its DNA-binding zinc fingers. This ensemble is tuned by DNA sequence, CpG methylation, nearby nucleosomes, and the cohesin regulator PDS5A before cohesin engagement. Upon cohesin binding, PDS5A enhances loop-anchor mechanical stability, reinforcing orientation-dependent boundaries. These findings establish conformational ensemble tuning, rather than static occupancy, as a regulatory principle linking base pair-scale motions to megabase-scale genome organization.

One sentence summaryChromatin boundary function is governed not by CTCF occupancy alone, but by a tunable ensemble of DNA-bound conformations that probabilistically gates cohesin capture.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rudnizky, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murray, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sorensen, E. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koenig, T. J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pangeni, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merino-Urteaga, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chhabra, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caccianini, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, I. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osorio-Valeriano, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hook, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meneses, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zarb, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hatzakis, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Timp, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farnung, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vos, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aksimentiev, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ha, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.25.690553</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ultrafast CTCF dynamics control cohesin barrier function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.12.03.692013v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Oxygen production as an electron overflow pathway in ammonia-oxidizing archaea 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.12.03.692013v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) are widespread in nature and contribute to global carbon and nitrogen cycling. Although their energy production is an aerobic process, AOA occur in environments of low oxygen and in fully anoxic zones. Recently, oxygen production under anoxic conditions was demonstrated, raising the hypothesis that this activity can sustain oxygen dependent ammonia oxidation. In the work presented here, Nitrososphaera viennensis produces high amounts of oxygen in anoxia in dependence of nitrite but not ammonia. Rather than conferring a physiological benefit, oxygen production impaired recovery from anoxia. Produced oxygen is mostly not consumed and therefore cannot sustain ammonia oxidation in the absence of external oxygen. Instead, it is tightly linked to the amount of available redox equivalents. These observations indicate that oxygen production represents a general physiological strategy for alleviating the potential accumulation of reactive intermediates in the ammonia oxidation pathway, analogous to nitrifier denitrification in ammonia-oxidizing bacteria.

TeaserOxygen production in ammonia-oxidizing archaea is not an adaptation to anoxia, but rather an electron overflow pathway that is detectable in anoxic conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pribasnig, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schleper, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hodgskiss, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.03.692013</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Oxygen production as an electron overflow pathway in ammonia-oxidizing archaea]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.12.10.692585v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure of cytoplasmic RNA polymerase II 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.12.10.692585v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RNA polymerase II (Pol II) must be assembled in the cytoplasm before it enters the nucleus, where it transcribes protein-coding genes. Although transcription by Pol II is intensively studied, how this central multi-subunit enzyme is made and the role of dedicated factors remains unclear. Here, we report the integrative structural analysis of a native human Pol II from the cytoplasm captured near the end of biogenesis. The complex contained Gdown1 and three biogenesis factors - RPAP2 and the critical small GTPases GPN1 and GPN3. Cryo-EM analysis of the complex revealed how Gdown1 and RPAP2 associate with Pol II and prevent the premature association of transcription factors. Further biochemical and cryo-EM analysis revealed how RPAP2 recruits GPN1-GPN3 to the complex, and how the assembly of the RPAP2-GPN1-GPN3 complex is controlled by GTP hydrolysis. The combined results uncover a network of interactions that chaperone cytoplasmic Pol II to prevent aberrant interactions, reveal a GTP-controlled switch during the final stages of Pol II biogenesis, and suggest a general mechanism for the action of GPN-loop GTPase family of enzymes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hlavata, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neuditschko, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schellhaas, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plaschka, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herzog, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernecky, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.10.692585</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure of cytoplasmic RNA polymerase II]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.12.10.693424v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tonic interferons defend against respiratory viruses in primary human lung organoid-derived air-liquid interface cultures 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.12.10.693424v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Innate defences of the respiratory epithelium are the first barrier against incoming respiratory viruses. To understand the contribution of both basal (tonic) and induced interferon (IFN) to antiviral defences in a physiologically relevant system, we established air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures of primary human bronchial epithelium (HBE) and small airway epithelium (HSE). Via an organoid intermediate stage, the limited healthy donor material was expanded while preserving stemness and subsequently differentiated. Characterisation by spatial and transcriptomic analyses showed that the cellular diversity and architecture of our ALI cultures were comparable to native human lung epithelium. Upon infection with relevant human respiratory pathogens, such as Human Rhinovirus (HRV16) and human Coronaviruses (229E and NL63), only HRV16 induced a strong and early type I and III IFN response, leading to its eventual clearance from the cultures. Depletion of tonic type I/III IFNs using neutralising antibodies or scavengers reduced expression of levels of IFN-stimulated genes and increased infectious HRV production by [~]7-10-fold. Taken together, we present a method for generating primary lung epithelial cultures that retain their IFN status, demonstrate clearance of HRV by innate defences, and highlight the importance of tonic IFN in early antiviral defences.

IMPORTANCEMild respiratory viral infections, for example, with human common cold coronaviruses or rhinoviruses, are a massive cause of human morbidity. The respiratory tract is the primary entry route for these viruses and also the contact site for initial innate immune defences. Here, we show that primary human lung epithelial cell-derived air-liquid interface cultures mimic the architecture and cell composition of native human lung epithelium, and retain both induced and tonic interferon (IFN) responses. Notably, our data show that the models innate immune defences are sufficient to clear human Rhinovirus (HRV) infections, which are characterised by rapid and robust IFN responses. Finally, depletion of tonic IFNs led to a marked increase in HRV infection. Thus, our research suggests that tonic low levels of IFNs contribute to the epithelial defence against viruses, maintaining the tissues immune readiness. Failure to maintain these tonic IFN levels increases the susceptibility towards infections.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sivarajan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirchgatterer, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawrenz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanner-Matiz, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindenmayer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renz, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oberwinkler, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walles, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fois, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleger, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frick, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Münch, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaidt, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinke, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sparrer, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.10.693424</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tonic interferons defend against respiratory viruses in primary human lung organoid-derived air-liquid interface cultures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.12.09.692895v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ProteoBench: the community-curated platform for comparing proteomics data analysis workflows 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.12.09.692895v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics is a well-established strategy for analyzing complex biological mixtures. Many MS instruments and data acquisition strategies are available, and the data they acquire differ substantially, thus requiring tailored analysis algorithms. Hence, many dedicated bioinformatics workflows are developed. These are in constant evolution, and the community lacks a centralized platform for comparing their performance. Here, we propose ProteoBench, a single platform that brings together software developers and software users to provide an ever-evolving comparison of state-of-the-art proteomics data processing tools. ProteoBench is an open-source resource that enables the community to evaluate data analysis workflows, develop benchmarking modules dedicated to specific comparisons, and discuss the best methods to compare software tools. The platform ensures that the benchmark evolves alongside advances in proteomics data analysis workflows. ProteoBench guides researchers towards the best-suited tool and parameters for their specific project and data according to their needs, and developers can test their newly developed tools or workflows privately, before adding them as public references. This community-driven effort will increase transparency and reproducibility between MS data analysis workflows, as well as facilitate the development and publication of software workflows in the field.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Devreese, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jachmann, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Puyvelde, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anagho-Mattanovich, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolski, W. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Webel, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anagho-Mattanovich, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bittremieux, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaoui, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiva, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Claeys, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castaneda Cortes, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devos, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dhaenens, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doncheva, N. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorfer, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eisenacher, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabriels, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giai Gianetto, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hollenstein, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jensen, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kasalica, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Langella, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lennartsson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lux, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martens, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matondo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendes Maia, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mouton-Barbosa, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nameni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nielsen, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olsen, J. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmblad, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panse, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez-Riverol, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pominova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rykaer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sabido, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schessner, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schnei</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.09.692895</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ProteoBench: the community-curated platform for comparing proteomics data analysis workflows]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.12.10.692203v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional rescue of critical-size bone defect using molecular network analysis of axolotl limb regeneration. 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.12.10.692203v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The salamander limb has served as a canonical model for successful regeneration that has yielded numerous molecular insights on its basic mechanism. Harnessing such information to induce regeneration in a non-regenerative setting has been a long-sought goal. The amputated salamander limb efficiently regenerates all of its missing bones, but paradoxically, a large bone gap without amputation - commonly called a Critical Size Defect (CSD) - is not regenerated, similarly to other vertebrates1. This non-regenerating injury provides a human-relevant setting to understand how to rescue lack-of-regeneration. Satoh and colleagues demonstrated in axolotl that transplantation of blastema cells from an amputated limb into a CSD yields cartilage bridging of the CSD2. This work provided a roadmap for rescuing the CSD. Here we asked, what are the crucial molecular differences in cells populating a regenerating blastema versus the CSD and can they be used to elicit CSD bridging? Previous genetic fate mapping and single cell transcriptomics showed that limb regeneration occurs via migration and dedifferentiation of fibroblastic, soft connective tissue (CT) cells that form a multipotent, skeletal stem cell 3, 4. Here using single cell transcriptomics and genetic fate mapping we found that the CSD is populated by CT cells that undergo a divergent molecular transition compared to the blastema. Using gene regulatory network (GRN) modeling, and lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery of mRNA we could express a single molecular factor, Wnt3a, to induce cartilage bridging of the CSD. Our results demonstrate the power of using molecular information from successful regeneration to rescue a non-regenerating injury.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Polikarpova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivero-Garcia, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerber, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novatchkova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torres, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez-Cabo, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanaka, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.10.692203</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional rescue of critical-size bone defect using molecular network analysis of axolotl limb regeneration.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.12.16.694471v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RNA decay via the nuclear exosome is essential for piwi-mediated transposon silencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.12.16.694471v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nuclear Argonaute proteins safeguard genome integrity by directing transcriptional silencing and heterochromatin formation at transposon loci. Yet it remains unclear how Argonautes enforce robust repression while relying on target transcription for their own recruitment. Here we show that transposon silencing by the Drosophila nuclear Piwi-piRNA pathway requires degradation of target RNA by the nuclear exosome. Using proximity proteomics at endogenous Piwi target sites, we identify two previously uncharacterized paralogs, TEsup-1 and TEsup-2, as essential cofactors for Piwi-mediated silencing. TEsup proteins act in part by engaging nuclear exosome adaptor complexes at piRNA-targeted transcripts through a domain that recognizes proline-rich peptides. Disruption of the Piwi-TEsup-exosome axis leads to accumulation and nuclear export of piRNA-targeted transposon RNAs. Notably, the P-element--which evades heterochromatin-based repression--is silenced primarily through this RNA-decay pathway. Thus, the nuclear piRNA pathway couples target recognition to RNA degradation, reconciling small RNA-guided heterochromatin formation with ongoing transcription at target loci.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manolova, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tirian, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Handler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hohmann, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nemcko, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Portell, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collet, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schnabl-Baumgartner, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blake, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duchek, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novatchkova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roitinger, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karam Teixeira, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Falk, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brennecke, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.16.694471</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RNA decay via the nuclear exosome is essential for piwi-mediated transposon silencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.12.17.694584v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
LysM Receptor Proteins are Required for Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis in Poplar 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.12.17.694584v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Successful symbiotic associations often rely on the perception of specific microbial signals by host plants through pattern recognition receptors. LysM receptor-like kinases are key receptors in both rhizobial and arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses. In this study, we provide the first evidence that such LysM receptor-like kinases also control the establishment of ectomycorrhizal associations in poplar. Using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing, we knocked out three NFP-like candidate genes in various combinations. We examined their roles in the perception of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor, as well as chitin oligomers and lipo-chitooligosaccharides. We demonstrate that all three receptors are necessary for the recognition of symbiosis-related signals, calcium spiking, symbiotic gene expression, and ectomycorrhizal root phenotypes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Omenge, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Werner, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deecke, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irving, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rush, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallner, E.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keilwagen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiwari, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagalla, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fort, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hallmann, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fladung, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ane, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.17.694584</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[LysM Receptor Proteins are Required for Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis in Poplar]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.12.18.695169v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unified down-stream analysis of crosslinking mass spectrometry results with pyXLMS 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.12.18.695169v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Crosslinking mass spectrometry has become the method of choice for the identification of protein-protein interactions and for gaining insight into the structures of proteins in vivo. However, connecting crosslink search engine results with down-stream analysis tools, and therefore gaining biological insight from crosslink identifications, has remained a manual and cumbersome step in the analysis that often requires expert bioinformatics knowledge. Here we introduce pyXLMS, a python package and public web application which aims to simplify and streamline this intermediate step, enabling researchers even without bioinformatics knowledge to conduct in-depth crosslink analyses. In its current state pyXLMS supports input from seven different crosslink search engines, as well as the mzI-dentML format of the HUPO Proteomics Standards Initiative. Down-stream analysis is facilitated by functionality that is directly available within pyXLMS such as aggregation, validation, annotation, filtering, and visualization. In addition, the data can easily be exported to more than ten supported down-stream analysis tools and formats. We demonstrate the applicability and benefits of pyXLMS by re-analyzing a publicly available crosslink dataset with a variety of different search engines and show how the same data analysis workflow can be applied using pyXLMS. pyXLMs is available via https://github.com/hgb-bin-proteomics/pyXLMS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Birklbauer, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buur, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaser, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Müller, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matzinger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mechtler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winkler, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorfer, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.18.695169</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unified down-stream analysis of crosslinking mass spectrometry results with pyXLMS]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.12.19.695459v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Proteolytic Control of an Auto-inhibitory Intrinsically Disordered Region Governs Small RNA Selectivity in Argonaute Proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.12.19.695459v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Argonaute proteins are central to small RNA-mediated gene regulation, yet the mechanisms controlling their activity remain incompletely understood. We elucidate a novel regulatory mechanism governing small RNA loading into the C. elegans Argonaute proteins WAGO-1 and WAGO-3. We show that N-terminal intrinsically disordered regions (N-IDRs) of these proteins do not affect subcellular localization but play critical roles in small RNA loading. We demonstrate that the N-IDR-processing protease DPF-3 facilitates small RNA loading in a catalysis-independent manner. Catalysis by DPF-3 and a second protease APP-1 is required, however, for activity. Deletion of these N-IDRs results in loading of aberrant small RNA species that trigger erroneous gene silencing. Supported by atomistic molecular dynamics simulations, we propose a model in which N-IDRs can simultaneously act as tuneable gatekeepers that auto-inhibit small RNA loading and as regulators of Argonaute stability, representing a previously unrecognized layer of regulation in Argonaute activity in small RNA pathways.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Isolehto, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pshanichnaya, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paez Moscoso, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mager, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seistrup, A.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schreier, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hellmann, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaurav, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kielisch, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stelzl, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ketting, R. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.19.695459</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Proteolytic Control of an Auto-inhibitory Intrinsically Disordered Region Governs Small RNA Selectivity in Argonaute Proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.12.21.695613v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
AXL governs axolotl cardiac regeneration and directs mammalian cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.12.21.695613v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cardiac injury outcomes vary widely across species, from complete regeneration to irreversible scarring. Using single-nucleus multiomics and spatial transcriptomics, we generated a spatially resolved atlas of axolotl heart regeneration following injury, identifying a distinct border-zone cardiomyocyte population with a pro-regenerative transcriptional program. Ligand-receptor analysis of the border zone niche identified enrichment of the receptor tyrosine kinase AXL in injury-responsive cardiomyocytes and its ligand Gas6 in endothelial cells. Functional perturbation demonstrated AXL requirement for border-zone cardiomyocyte activation and axolotl heart regeneration. In murine cardiomyocytes, AXL overexpression induced sarcomere disassembly, metabolic rewiring, and immature gene expression without triggering proliferation. These findings show that AXL signaling induces cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation and uncouples dedifferentiation from cell cycle re-entry, providing mechanistic insight into cellular plasticity during heart regeneration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Basst, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pena Pena, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivero-Garcia, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piszczek, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Falcon, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taniguchi-Sugiura, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez-Montes, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lendl, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dominguez, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lust, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Enriquez, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez Cabo, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torres, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanaka, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.21.695613</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[AXL governs axolotl cardiac regeneration and directs mammalian cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.12.22.695948v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Predictive design of tissue-specific mammalian enhancers that function in vivo in the mouse embryo 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.12.22.695948v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Enhancers control tissue-specific gene expression across metazoans. Although deep learning has enabled enhancer prediction and design in mammalian cell lines and invertebrate systems, it remains unclear whether such approaches can operate within the regulatory complexity of mammalian tissues in vivo. Here, we present a general strategy for designing tissue-specific enhancers that function reliably in mice. We use deep learning to train compact convolutional neural networks (CNNs) on genome-wide chromatin accessibility and fine-tune them via transfer learning on validated human and mouse enhancers. Guided by these models, we design fifteen synthetic enhancers for the heart, limb, and central nervous system (CNS) in mouse embryos, all of which are active in their intended target tissue. Our work establishes a generalizable framework for programmable control of mammalian gene expression in vivo, opening new avenues in functional genomics, synthetic biology, and gene therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>CHEN, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loubiere, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hollingsworth, E. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacinto, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dizehchi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schreiber, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kvon, E. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stark, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.22.695948</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Predictive design of tissue-specific mammalian enhancers that function in vivo in the mouse embryo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.12.22.695952v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human embryo implantation involves Syncytin-2/MFSD2A-mediated heterokaryon formation with maternal endometrium 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.12.22.695952v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human embryo implantation involves attachment of the blastocyst to the endometrial epithelium to subsequently gain access to the underlying stromal compartment. The blastocyst is believed to cross the epithelium either by migration through, or upon apoptosis of, the endometrial epithelial cell layer. Yet, how the blastocyst exactly traverses the endometrial epithelium remains unknown. Here, we describe an in vitro implantation model of human blastoids and hormonally matured endometrial organoids amenable to high-resolution live imaging. We demonstrate that the initial step of implantation is mediated by the direct fusion of blastoid cells with endometrial epithelial cells. Blastoids express the fusion proteins Syncytin-1 and -2, while the endometrial epithelium mainly expresses the fusion co-receptor for Syncytin-2, called MFSD2A. CRISPR-induced loss of MFSD2A in the endometrial epithelium prevents blastoids from attaching and abolishes fusion. Together, these findings support a model in which fetal-maternal cell fusion constitutes the critical initiating mechanism of human embryo implantation, with endometrial MFSD2A playing an indispensable role in this process.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Noordzij, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Celotti, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Esch, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sackmann, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez Silgado, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Jong, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eto, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beghtel, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korving, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sommer, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steba, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivron, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baart, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Es, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clevers, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sonnen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.22.695952</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human embryo implantation involves Syncytin-2/MFSD2A-mediated heterokaryon formation with maternal endometrium]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.12.23.696163v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An Evolutionarily Conserved N-terminal Domain of RRF-3 Governs GTSF-1 Binding in Nematodes 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.12.23.696163v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
GTSF1 is an essential activating cofactor for PIWI proteins in many metazoans. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, however, GTSF-1 does not bind PIWI, but associates with the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase RRF-3, supporting endo-siRNA (26G-RNA) biogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that this rewiring is deeply conserved across nematodes. For C. briggsae and Pristionchus pacificus we show that GTSF-1 interacts with RRF-3 and is essential for 26G-RNA production and fertility. We map this interaction to an N-terminal domain of RRF-3, termed the GTSF-1 interacting domain (GID), and show that the GTSF-1 zinc finger region alone is sufficient for binding. Mutagenesis identifies critical residues mediating this interaction and reveals that GTSF-1 stability depends on RRF-3. Other RdRPs possess GID-like domains, which we propose to bind GTSF-1-related proteins. Phylogenomic and structural analyses support GTSF-1-RRF-3 interactions across all major nematode lineages and map the shift in GTSF-1 activity to the last common nematode ancestor. We propose that binding of GTSF-1 induces conformational changes in RRF-3 that facilitate ERI complex assembly and activate RdRP function, paralleling its role as a PIWI activator.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Govind, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruppert, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirangwa, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Busetto, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nischwitz, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Almeida, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hellmann, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Witte, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sommer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Butter, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Falk, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarkies, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ketting, R. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.23.696163</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An Evolutionarily Conserved N-terminal Domain of RRF-3 Governs GTSF-1 Binding in Nematodes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.12.22.695963v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A foundational model for joint sequence-function multi-species modeling at scale for long-range genomic prediction 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.12.22.695963v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genomic prediction and design require models that integrate local sequence features with long-range regulatory dependencies spanning hundreds of kilobases to megabases. Existing approaches have made substantial progress along complementary axes: supervised sequence-to-function models achieve high accuracy for specific assays and organisms, self-supervised genomic foundation models learn transferable representations from large-scale sequence data, and conditional generative models enable principled sequence design guided by functional objectives. However, these strengths are typically realized in isolation--across distinct model classes, architectures, and training regimes--limiting the ability to combine long-context, base-resolution prediction, functional modeling, and controllable generation within a single efficient framework that generalizes across organisms and modalities.

Here we introduce Nucleotide Transformer v3 (NTv3), a multi-species foundation model that unifies representation learning, functional-track and genome-annotation prediction, and controllable sequence generation within a common backbone. NTv3 uses a U-Net-like architecture to enable single-base tokenization and efficient modeling of contexts up to 1 Mb. We pre-train NTv3 on 9 trillion base pairs from OpenGenome2 using base-resolution masked language modeling, followed by post-training with a joint objective that integrates continued self-supervision with supervised learning on [~]16,000 functional tracks and annotation labels from 24 animal and plant species. After post-training, NTv3 achieves state-of-the-art accuracy for functional-track prediction and genome annotation across species, outperforming leading sequence-to-function and foundation-model baselines on established benchmarks and on the new NO_SCPLOWTVC_SCPLOW 3 BO_SCPLOWENCHMARKC_SCPLOW, a controlled downstream fine-tuning suite in a standardized 32 kb input / base-resolution output setting. We further show that NTv3 consolidates a shared regulatory grammar across tasks, enabling coherent long-range genome-to-function inference and variant-associated remodeling. Finally, we fine-tune NTv3 into a controllable generative model via masked diffusion language modeling and use it to design enhancer sequences with specified activity levels and promoter selectivity. We validate these designs experimentally, showing that generated enhancers recapitulate the intended activity stratification and achieve the desired promoter-specific activation in cellulo. We release the NTv3 model family together with code and practical cookbooks for long-context training, multispecies post-training, fine-tuning, interpretation, and sequence design.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Boshar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Picard, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adel, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorbeer, F. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajesh, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karch, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sidbon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emms, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendoza-Revilla, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Ani, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seitz, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schiff, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bornachot, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laterre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beguir, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuleshov, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stark, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Almeida, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pierrot, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.22.695963</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A foundational model for joint sequence-function multi-species modeling at scale for long-range genomic prediction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.04.07.647613v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PISA: a versatile interpretation tool for visualizing cis-regulatory rules in genomic data 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.04.07.647613v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sequence-to-function neural networks learn cis-regulatory sequence rules driving many types of genomic data. Interpreting these models to relate the sequence rules to underlying biological processes remains challenging, especially for complex genomic readouts such as MNase-seq, which maps nucleosome occupancy but is confounded by experimental bias. We introduce pairwise influence by sequence attribution (PISA), an interpretation tool that combinatorially decodes which bases contributed to the readout at a specific genomic coordinate. PISA visualizes the effects of transcription factor motifs, detects undiscovered motifs with complex contribution patterns, and reveals experimental biases. By learning the bias for MNase-seq, PISA enables unprecedented nucleosome prediction models, allowing the de novo discovery of nucleosome-positioning motifs and their longrange chromatin effects, as well as the design of sequences with altered nucleosome configurations. These results show that PISA is a versatile tool that expands our ability to train and interpret sequence-to-function neural networks on genomics data and understand the underlying cis-regulatory code.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zeitlinger, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McAnany, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weilert, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamulegeya, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehta, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gardner, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kundaje, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.07.647613</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PISA: a versatile interpretation tool for visualizing cis-regulatory rules in genomic data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.01.06.697898v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SLBP-independent control of maternal histone mRNA 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.01.06.697898v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Replication-dependent (RD) histones are crucial for packaging newly replicated DNA into chromatin, ensuring genome stability. In metazoans, the mRNA of RD histones is uniquely regulated through a conserved 3' stem-loop bound by stem-loop binding protein (SLBP). This allows cell cycle-coupled regulation of these important transcripts. However, oocytes must stabilise histone mRNAs independently of the cell cycle to ensure maternal loading to support the first embryonic divisions. Using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model system, we discovered an SLBP-independent mechanism that ensures RD histone transcript stability during oogenesis. This is mediated by the protein complex PETISCO, bound to the effector protein TOST-1, which directly binds the histone stem-loop region and maintains maternal histone mRNA levels during oogenesis and early embryogenesis. Loss of this mechanism disrupts histone homeostasis, leading to premature genome activation, mitotic defects, and embryonic lethality. Interestingly, the same complex, PETISCO, acts in piRNA biogenesis when bound to the effector PID-1, revealing an intriguing co-option of this histone mRNA homeostasis mechanism by the piRNA pathway. Our findings reveal a unique SLBP-independent mechanism of histone mRNA regulation, that served as a basis for the evolution of a novel piRNA biogenesis mechanism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ketting, R. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Falk, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koenig, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steiner, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delaney, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seistrup, A.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Podvalnaya, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Busch, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Govind, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brehm, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pereirinha, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.06.697898</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SLBP-independent control of maternal histone mRNA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.01.09.698568v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
How and why to quantify pairwise pleiotropy and genotype-by-environment interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.01.09.698568v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pleiotropy is when a single locus affects two or more traits. The magnitude and direction of pleiotropy can constrain or faciliate phenotypic evolution. Investigations of pleiotropy have typically relied on null-hypothesis tests to classify cases into discrete categories based on the direction of effects. This discrete approach ignores the quantitative nature of pleiotropy, and systematically underestimates pleiotropic interactions. I describe a simple method to quantify the direction and magnitude of pleiotropic effects to alleviate these issues for pairs of traits. I illustrate how genotype-by-environment interactions can be viewed as a special case of pleiotropy and described in the same way. I provide an R package, psiotropy, to apply these methods.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ellis, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.09.698568</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[How and why to quantify pairwise pleiotropy and genotype-by-environment interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.01.07.695227v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Candida auris can acquire antifungal resistance without selection pressure 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.01.07.695227v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human fungal pathogen Candidozyma auris (formerly Candida auris) can cause prolonged infection outbreaks with high mortality rates in healthcare settings. Treatment failures of patients arise not only from antifungal drug resistance, but also from intra-species variability in pathogenicity as well as induced hypermutation events in response to clinical therapy. Whole genome sequencing was used to identify genetic mutations using the CDC mycoSNPs pipeline. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed based on Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) methods. We report here that the interlaboratory exchange of C. auris clinical isolates dried on sterile filter paper, resulted in the emergence of at least three distinct morphotypes following reconstitution. These distinct morphotypes exhibited differences in drug resistance and morphogenesis, linked to the accumulation of mutations in genes associated with azole and echinocandin resistance. Using whole genome sequencing, we identified several variants in TAC1B, MRR1 and FKS2 that correlate with altered drug susceptibilities. Experiments recapitulating filter paper shipment conditions revealed genetic and epigenetic changes, explaining the morphogenetic switching and altered azole resistance. Our findings demonstrate that C. auris can acquire mutations affecting drug resistance traits even in the absence of antifungal exposure, raising concerns about shipment preparation procedures across mycology laboratories. The results are of broad relevance for the medical mycology community, as they call for standardized protocols for exchanging clinical strains, but also experiments to verify phenotypic traits between laboratories.

ImportancePathogenesis and antifungal drug resistance traits of Candida auris vary widely across clinical strains and are often attributed to elevated mutation rates. In fungal pathogen research, clinical strains are commonly exchanged between laboratories by transfer on filter paper, a convenient and widely used practice. However, in the case of a C. auris clinical strain received from a collaborating laboratory, we identified multiple acquired mutations. These genetic alterations caused marked changes in morphogenesis and antifungal susceptibility, demonstrating that resistance in C. auris can arise without antifungal selection pressure. Our findings highlight the potential for genetic and phenotypic diversification during routine strain handling and underscore the need for standardized protocols for exchanging clinical C. auris strains across mycology laboratories.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Phan-Canh, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen-Le, D.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chauhan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luu, P.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chowdhary, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chauhan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuchler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.07.695227</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Candida auris can acquire antifungal resistance without selection pressure]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.01.19.700426v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In vivo kinetics of protein degradation by individual proteasomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.01.19.700426v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein degradation by the proteasome is central to cellular homeostasis and has been studied extensively using biochemical and structural studies. Despite an in-depth understanding of core proteolytic activity, it has remained largely unresolved how individual proteasomes process substrates inside living cells where many substrate types and co-factors exist. Here, we establish a live-cell single-molecule imaging approach that enables direct visualization and quantification of protein degradation by individual proteasomes. Using this approach, we find that substrate identity, folding and protein-protein interaction have a surprisingly modest impact on processing efficiency, whereas the mode of substrate engagement greatly impacts substrate processing; degradation initiated from protein termini typically proceeds rapidly and with high processivity, whereas internal engagement constitutes a distinct processing mode that exhibits poor processivity and a specific requirement for the AAA+ family ATPase p97/VCP. Furthermore, degradation initiated from opposite termini proceeds with asymmetric rates in a sequence-dependent manner, demonstrating that directionality is an important feature of proteasomal processing in vivo. Notably, poly-glutamine substrates associated with neurodegenerative disease are efficiently degraded from one terminus but resist degradation when engaged from the opposite terminus, highlighting the importance of substrate engagement mode. Together, our results show that different modes of substrate engagement lead to different proteasomal processing outcomes in vivo and revise the prevailing view of the proteasome as a uniform degradation machine.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Madern, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haselbach, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanenbaum, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.19.700426</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In vivo kinetics of protein degradation by individual proteasomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.01.23.701081v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Super-resolved imaging of mRNA ultrastructure in cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.01.23.701081v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a central polymer of gene expression, whose ultrastructure and defining regulatory rules remain unclear. To visualize the ultrastructure of mRNA, we here develop Combi-PAINT, a powerful and generalizable method for combinatorial super-resolved DNA-PAINT multiplexing, which we combine with high-efficiency RNA labelling and MINFLUX microscopy. This approach enables the nanometer-precision tracing of mRNA in three dimensions in cells. We use Combi-PAINT to visualize multiple distinct mRNA species inside the human cell nucleus and cytoplasm, revealing their quantitative ultrastructures and transcript-specific molecular patterns. By bridging sequence specificity with nanometer resolution, we provide a new lens for studying the cellular life of mRNA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Passera, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welzl, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez-Segalas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plaschka, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balzarotti, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.23.701081</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Super-resolved imaging of mRNA ultrastructure in cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.01.26.700345v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hyaluronan underlies the emergence of form, fate, and function in human cardioids 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.01.26.700345v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucial for organ development and disease. Yet, the interplay among cells, function, and the ECM during human cardiogenesis remains obscure. Using human cardioids, we discovered that cardiac mesoderm-synthesized hyaluronan (HA) underlies early cardiac functional development. HA drives cardioid cavity formation through hydrogel swelling and bioscaffolding, critical functions of the cardiac jelly in the early vertebrate heart. During an early developmental window, HA is essential for establishing cardiac cell identity, while at later stages, HA-generated forces promote beating function through mechanosensitive channels. Chamber-specific differences in mechanical sensitivity ensure robust contractions in multi-chambered tissues. Our findings reveal how a single endogenous ECM component orchestrates the co-emergence of form, fate, and function during human organogenesis, opening new avenues for bioengineering physiologically relevant organ models.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jahnel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dimitriadi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kodnar, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerakopoulos, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khurana, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayrhauser, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ilmer, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ishihara, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendjan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.26.700345</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hyaluronan underlies the emergence of form, fate, and function in human cardioids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.01.28.702273v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Improved myelin clearance and cognitive outcomes after TBI in female mice are mediated by ovarian steroids and sex chromosomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.01.28.702273v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes sex-specific memory deficits, yet the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Using a mouse TBI model, we investigated the role of reactive astrocytes in sex-specific outcome. TBI provoked long-term contextual memory impairment in males and ovariectomized females, but not in intact females. The synthetic steroid tibolone preserved memory and cFos+ neuronal density in the hippocampus of ovariectomized females. Hormone deprivation upregulated astrocytic GFAP and S100B, reduced Homer1, and impaired myelin phagocytosis by astrocytes in females. These effects were counteracted by tibolone. In Four-Core-Genotype mice, memory loss correlated with reduced astrocytic myelin uptake and neuronal activity in XX males and XY female animals. Astrocyte transplantation showed that female astrocytes exhibit superior myelin clearance capacity, especially in female brain environments, though they outperform male astrocytes in both sex contexts. These findings identify astrocyte-mediated myelin phagocytosis as a key mechanism for memory preservation after TBI, governed by both hormonal and chromosomal sex factors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pinto-Benito, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paradela-Leal, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cano-Adamuz, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grassi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azcoitia, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grade, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arevalo, M.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.28.702273</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Improved myelin clearance and cognitive outcomes after TBI in female mice are mediated by ovarian steroids and sex chromosomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.01.30.702885v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Predicting mutation-rate variation across the genome using epigenetic data 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.01.30.702885v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mutation rate variation is a fundamental driver of evolution, yet how it is locally patterned across genomes and structured by chromatin context remains unresolved. Here, we integrate genome-wide profiles of histone marks, DNA methylation and chromatin accessibility in Arabidopsis thaliana with de novo mutation data to model mutation probability at the level of coding sequence (CDS). Using non-negative matrix factorization, we identify 15 combinatorial epigenetic patterns whose graded mixtures stratify CDSs into six classes with distinct mutation probabilities. A generalized linear model based on pattern weights predicts local mutation probability and outperforms models based on sequence context, expression and classical genomic categories. These patterns capture context-dependent variation that is obscured by gene-level summaries and single-feature analyses. Cluster-level differences are partly retained in mutation-accumulation lines, indicating persistence into heritable mutational input. Under hypoxia, stress-responsive chromatin remodeling redistributes epigenetic contexts associated with higher predicted mutation probability toward hypoxia-responsive genes and DNA-repair pathways. Together, our results provide a CDS-resolved and interpretable framework linking combinatorial epigenomic context to mutational input, clarifying how dynamic chromatin states shape local mutation-rate heterogeneity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Katori, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kobayashi, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nordborg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.30.702885</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Predicting mutation-rate variation across the genome using epigenetic data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.06.30.662282v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distinct functional potential of bacterial extracellular vesicles across biogeographic provinces of the South Pacific Ocean 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.06.30.662282v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) are nanoscale membranous structures released by diverse types of bacteria. Laboratory model systems indicate that these nanoparticles may play several roles in the ecophysiology of marine bacteria. However, their actual functionality in the environment remains unclear. Here we describe the proteomic composition of marine BEVs over more than 5,000 nautical miles of surface waters in the South Pacific, linking BEV cargoes to the bacterial communities producing them. BEVs were consistently present across a range of biogeochemical conditions, with an overall abundance comparable to that of bacterial cells. However, the protein content of the BEVs varied significantly between different ocean regions. The BEVs were enriched in carbohydrate transporters under phytoplankton bloom conditions, and contained iron and phosphate uptake-related proteins in nutrient-limited waters. This suggests that BEVs could enable cells to perform key extracellular functions in the marine environment. Our observations further highlight the prevalence of BEVs and the biogeographic patterns of their functional potential across oceanic scales.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fadeev, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orel, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tinta, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Afjehi-Sadat, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Browning, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Achterberg, E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biller, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sher, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herndl, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.30.662282</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distinct functional potential of bacterial extracellular vesicles across biogeographic provinces of the South Pacific Ocean]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.02.07.704324v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Naïve RNA Sampling Core Enables Adaptive piRNA Specificity Against Transposable Elements 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.02.07.704324v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
How piRNA-mediated genome defense achieves specificity against transposons while sampling a complex transcriptome has remained unresolved. Here we show that piRNA biogenesis operates through pervasive, non-specific sampling of cytoplasmic RNAs, with specificity imposed by tissue-specific molecular modules that exploit intrinsic vulnerabilities of transposons. In Drosophila somatic cells, the specificity factor Yb steers basal processing towards uridine-rich RNAs--automatically capturing antisense retrotransposon transcripts due to their intrinsically adenosine-biased genomes. In germline cells lacking Yb, basal sampling generates naive piRNAs loaded into catalytically active Argonaute proteins, which trigger autocatalytic ping-pong amplification upon encountering complementary targets. In both contexts, transposon mobility facilitates the production of antisense RNAs that enable either biased processing or amplification. Thus, piRNA clusters, long associated with pathway specificity, act as sources of transposon antisense sequences, while specificity arises from layering distinct molecular mechanisms onto a shared foundation of indiscriminate transcript sampling, enabling robust and adaptable genome defense without predefined templates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Handler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, W. Y. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsarev, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayashi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brennecke, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.07.704324</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Naïve RNA Sampling Core Enables Adaptive piRNA Specificity Against Transposable Elements]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.02.12.705259v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CAN1-mediated autophagosome size regulation fine-tunes phosphate starvation tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.02.12.705259v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Inorganic phosphate (Pi) availability determines root development and plant performance. In Arabidopsis thaliana, external Pi is sensed by root tips and Pi limitation triggers ER stress-induced autophagy, yet the physiological impact and mechanisms controlling autophagosome biogenesis remain unclear. Here, we identify CAN1 (COMPONENT OF AUTOPHAGIC NETWORK) as a novel plant-specific regulator of autophagosome size in local Pi sensing. CAN1 associates with the plasma membrane-ER tethering protein VAP27-1 and binds to Pi-responsive ATG8 isoforms through conserved interaction motifs. Loss of CAN1 augments ER stress resistance by reducing autophagosome size in Pi-deprived root tips. Our findings establish CAN1 as a determinant of autophagosome size at the ER membrane. Thus, CAN1 functions as a molecular link between Pi-dependent ER stress signaling and fine-tuning of autophagic capacity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Goerg, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Machalett, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koblenz, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ngo, Y. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoehne, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arndt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marillonnet, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grujic, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imre, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mechtler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dagdas, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naumann, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.12.705259</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CAN1-mediated autophagosome size regulation fine-tunes phosphate starvation tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.02.27.708460v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transposon expansion is associated with reorganization of small RNA and DNA methylation landscapes in the morphologically minimal angiosperm Wolffia brasiliensis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.02.27.708460v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome expansion in angiosperms is mainly determined by proliferation of transposable elements (TEs) whose activity is counteracted by epigenetic silencing mechanisms. However, the diversity in genome size as well as different composition and specificity of silencing components among species suggest a complex interplay during genome evolution. To investigate this relationship, we compare two closely related, clonally propagating duckweed species: Wolffia brasiliensis with a TE-rich genome and TE-poor Spirodela polyrhiza. Despite a similar and conserved epigenetic toolbox, W. brasiliensis is characterized by extensive TE amplification, pervasive TE-gene interspersion, elevated global CG methylation, and high levels of both 22- and 24-nt siRNAs. Pattern, abundance, and origin of small RNAs reveal plasticity in conserved post-transcriptional silencing (PTGS) pathways as well as selective RNA-directed DNA methylation engagement. Strikingly, intragenic TEs frequently produce siRNAs yet fail to acquire stable non-CG methylation, while their presence correlates strongly with the emergence of gene body CG methylation extending beyond TE sequences. These results indicate that structural consequences of TE expansion--length, configuration, and genomic context--can reshape small RNA deployment and methylation landscapes without major alteration of core silencing pathways composition and expression. These findings in duckweeds highlight the central role of TEs in structuring plant (epi-)genomes and illustrate their role for evolution of genome architecture even in predominantly clonally reproducing plants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Buendia-Avila, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barragan-Borrero, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luna-Rodriguez, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akinyuwa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morello, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mari-Ordonez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.27.708460</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transposon expansion is associated with reorganization of small RNA and DNA methylation landscapes in the morphologically minimal angiosperm Wolffia brasiliensis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.02.23.707452v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Electrostatic control of chromatin compaction safeguards against apoptotic DNA release 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.02.23.707452v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Apoptosis involves extensive intracellular reorganisation to facilitate the clearance of dying cells. A key step in this process is the destruction of the genome through fragmentation by caspase-activated endonuclease (CAD). Rather than dispersing after CAD-mediated cleavage, DNA fragments are compacted into a dense chromatin compartment. However, the underlying mechanism and biological relevance of this compaction remain unknown. Here we show that global deacetylation of histone tails promotes chromatin compaction during apoptosis, preventing DNA release into apoptotic extracellular vesicles. Using synthetic effectors that modulate nucleosome electrostatics independently of histone modifications, we demonstrate that electrostatic attraction alone is sufficient to compact and sequester fragmented chromatin. These findings reveal a mechanism by which global reprogramming of histone modifications coordinates fragmentation of the genome with its physical sequestration during apoptosis. Furthermore, our synthetic approach provides a tool to probe the role of physical forces in genome organisation across diverse biological contexts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Spicer, M. F. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wijma, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schütte, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huertas, J. F. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maristany, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez, J. I. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alaabo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosen, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collepardo-Guevara, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerlich, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.23.707452</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Electrostatic control of chromatin compaction safeguards against apoptotic DNA release]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.02.25.707691v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of MED13 and DDX60 as critical host factors for SARS-CoV-2 infections 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.02.25.707691v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The virus responsible for COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, continues to spread through the world. The ongoing emergence of new variants with increased viral transmission and immune evasion continue to pose a challenge. Although large-scale genetic screens have identified numerous host factors required for SARS-CoV-2 infection, however the function of these hits remain incompletely understood. In this study, we performed a haploid forward genetic screen in chemically mutagenized mouse embryonic stem cells overexpressing human ACE2 and identified MED13 and DDX60 as important host factors involved in the modulation of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study, we have identified and characterized the function of these key element factors for SARS-CoV2 infection. Knockdown of CKM subunits--with the exception of CDK8--or the helicase DDX60 was sufficient to reduce SARS-CoV-2 infection across Vero E6, A549, and Calu-3 cells. During SARS-CoV-2 infection, MED13 was found to function downstream of the JAK/STAT interferon pathway, but also showed another function independently of the interferon response pathway. Surprisingly, while DDX60 is traditionally involved in the interferon response pathway, its knockdown reduces SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggesting DDX60 can promote SARS-CoV-2 infection Interestingly, while inactivation of MED13 or DDX60 markedly reduced SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV infection, it did not affect MERS-CoV. Collectively, these results identify MED13 and DDX60 as critical host determinants for SARS-CoV-2 related-coronaviruses with pandemic potential.

Impact statementUsing an unbiased haploid genetic screening approach, this study identifies for the first time MED13 and DDX60 as host factors that influence coronavirus replication through transcriptional and interferon-associated pathways. While DDX60 has previously been linked to antiviral signaling, our findings suggest it can promote coronavirus infection. Most interestingly, the effects of these factors extend beyond SARS-CoV-2 to other coronaviruses.

These findings broaden the current understanding of coronavirus-host interaction by highlighting transcriptional control and interferon-associated pathways as modulators of infection rather than focusing solely on viral entry. The work provides mechanistic insight into how host regulatory networks influence coronavirus replication and suggests potential targets for host-directed therapies with activity against multiple present and future coronavirus threats.

Data summaryThe authors confirm all supporting data, code and protocols have been provided within the article or through supplementary data files.

RepositoriesThe data generated in this study are provided in the Supplementary Information/Source Data file. Sequencing data are available on NCBI Sequence Read Archive under the accession number BioProject PRJNA1271794.

The next generation sequencing data generated in this study has been deposited in the NCBI Sequence Read Archive (SRA) under accession number SRX29485992, SRX29485993, SRX29485994, SRX29485995, SRX29485996, SRX29485997, SRX29485998, SRX29485999, SRX29486000, SRX29486001, SRX29486002, SRX29486003, SRX29486004, SRX29486005, SRX29486006, SRX29486007, SRX29486010, SRX29486011, SRX29486012, SRX29486013, SRX29486014, SRX29486015, SRX29486016, SRX29486017, SRX29486018, SRX29486019, SRX29486021, SRX29486022, SRX29486023, SRX29486024
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kwon, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wai, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michlits, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dyczynski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markovic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rocha Berger, A. S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>JOHN, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weber, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penninger, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monteil, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirazimi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.25.707691</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of MED13 and DDX60 as critical host factors for SARS-CoV-2 infections]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.02.27.708474v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A targeted drug-repurposing strategy identifies Tavaborole (Kerydin) as a potent fungistatic agent against Candida auris 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.02.27.708474v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Candidozyma auris (Candida auris) is an emerging multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen posing a major global health threat. In this study, we employed a targeted drug-repurposing strategy to identify novel indications for existing FDA-approved compounds against C. auris, leading to the identification of Tavaborole as a potent fungistatic agent. Tavaborole displayed robust activity across all five tested clades of C. auris, as well as against Candida albicans and Candida glabrata. To investigate drug resistance mechanisms of C. auris, we applied quantitative proteomics analyses following exposure to Tavaborole and Amphotericin B (AmB), complemented by electron microscopy. Proteomic profiling revealed that C. auris mounts distinct but overlapping adaptive responses to antifungal stress, involving stress response pathways, metabolic reprogramming and amino acid biosynthesis. While Tavaborole primarily induced targeted stress adaptation, AmB triggered a broader, multi-pronged resistance response including oxidative stress mitigation, osmolyte production and metabolic remodeling. Shared alterations in glycogen metabolism and amino acid biosynthesis suggest conserved antifungal adaptation mechanisms. Altogether, this study highlights Tavaborole as a promising antifungal candidate against C. auris, sheds novel insights into drug resistance mechanisms employed the pathogen and delivers a drug-repurposing procedure highly customizable to target other microorganisms.

ImportanceCandida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen responsible for healthcare-associated infections representing a high-priority antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threat due to its limited treatment options, high transmissibility, and capacity to cause severe and often fatal outbreaks. The slow pace of antifungal drug development underscores the urgent need for alternative strategies to expand the antifungal arsenal against priority pathogens such as C. auris. In this study, we demonstrate that a targeted drug-repurposing approach can efficiently identify antifungal activity from a small, curated set of FDA-approved compounds, leading to the discovery of Tavaborole as a fungistatic agent with broad activity across multiple C. auris clades. By integrating a customizable drug screening procedure with quantitative proteomics and electron microscopy, this work provides insights into antifungal resistance mechanisms. This study highlights how rational drug-repurposing strategies can rapidly identify clinically relevant drug candidates to counter emerging pathogens and address antifungal resistance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mazumdar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bjelanovic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.27.708474</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A targeted drug-repurposing strategy identifies Tavaborole (Kerydin) as a potent fungistatic agent against Candida auris]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.03.10.710858v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A clubroot pathogen PBS3-like effector manipulates hormonal crosstalk to alter root morphology during colonization 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.03.10.710858v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
O_LISalicylic acid (SA) and auxin are key regulators of plant immunity and development. The clubroot pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae encodes PbGH3, an effector related to the GH3 family involved in phytohormone homeostasis. Although PbGH3 was proposed to conjugate auxin in vitro, its biological function in planta has remained unclear. This study aimed to determine the in vivo role of PbGH3 during host colonization.
C_LIO_LIWe generated Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica napus lines overexpressing PbGH3 and characterized their developmental phenotypes, hormone profiles, gene expression, and susceptibility to infection. Structural modeling was performed to assess PbGH3 similarity to plant GH3 proteins, and functional complementation was tested using the Arabidopsis gh3.12 mutant.
C_LIO_LIThe expression of PbGH3 in Arabidopsis induced auxin-related developmental phenotypes without detectable accumulation of auxin conjugates. Instead, PbGH3 structurally and functionally resembled GH3.12/PBS3 inducing increased conjugated SA levels, reduced jasmonic acid, suppressed PIN2 expression, and increased root hair number and infection. PbGH3 complemented SA-related defects in the gh3.12 mutant.
C_LIO_LIPbGH3 functions as a modulator of SA metabolism rather than an auxin-conjugating enzyme, likely competing with host GH3.12/PBS3 to constrain effective SA accumulation. This reveals a novel strategy by which P. brassicae disrupts SA-auxin homeostasis to promote host colonization and ensure disease development.
C_LI

PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARYThis study shows that the clubroot pathogen uses a protein called PbGH3 to modify the plants salicylic acid balance. This alters root traits and increases susceptibility to infection. Arabidopsis and canola plants engineered to produce PbGH3 showed similar changes, revealing that the pathogen uses this protein to disrupt hormone regulation and create conditions that support its colonization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez-Garcia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silvestre-Vano, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukhopadhyay, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fantino, E. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malinowski, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stefanowicz, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Major, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez-Lopez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.10.710858</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A clubroot pathogen PBS3-like effector manipulates hormonal crosstalk to alter root morphology during colonization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.03.06.708946v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Modular Framework for Automated Segmentation and Analysis of AFM Imaging of Chromatin Organization 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.03.06.708946v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromatin organization underlies essential genome functions, but its nanoscale organization remains challenging to capture and quantify with precision. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) offers direct structural readouts of DNA and chromatin, yet translating these rich images into reproducible biological metrics has been limited by the lack of standardized, scalable analysis tools. Here we present DNAsight, an automated analysis framework that integrates machine learning (ML)-based segmentation with modular, base-pair-calibrated quantification of DNA spatial organization, looping, nucleosome spacing, and protein clustering. Applied across diverse chromatin-associated proteins, DNAsight reveals protein-specific organizational signatures, including topology-dependent compaction by integration host factor (IHF), cofactor-mediated cohesin loop stabilization by precocious dissociation of sisters 5A (PDS5A), and promoter-driven multimerization of GAGA factor (GAF) clusters. The framework further enables direct extraction of nucleosome spacing distributions from raw AFM images, providing a label-free route to investigate chromatin fiber architecture. Together, these advances establish DNAsight as a generalizable and scalable approach for converting AFM measurements into quantitative insights into the physical principles of chromatin organization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sorensen, E. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pangeni, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merino-Urteaga, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murray, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rudnizky, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, T.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rashid, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamadi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, X. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zähringer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, I. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caccianini, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osorio-Valeriano, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farnung, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vos, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berger, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hatzakis, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirkegaard, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ha, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.06.708946</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Modular Framework for Automated Segmentation and Analysis of AFM Imaging of Chromatin Organization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.03.09.710370v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Proteome remodelling in Candida auris during early host adaptation in-vitro and in-vivo 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.03.09.710370v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Candida auris is an emerging fungal pathogen posing a serious global health threat due to its high transmissibility and multidrug resistance profile. Despite recent molecular advances in scrutinizing this enigmatic microbe, much of our understanding in regards to its pathomechanisms still remain unelucidated. Since, microbial pathogenesis is modulated by a dynamic interplay between the host and the pathogen, dissecting such host-pathogen interaction involving C. auris can shed novel insights into its pathogenic cascade. As such, to further characterize the virulence repertoire of C. auris, this study applied an integrated quantitative proteomics strategy to scrutinize early-phase of infection. We utilized an in-vitro and an in-vivo experimental setup based on immune cells and murine model. Integrated proteomic analysis revealed a coordinated remodelling of cellular processes by C. auris during host-pathogen interaction, including downregulation of translational machinery, and modulation of molecules involved in metabolic rewiring, stress-response, and structural rearrangements. Collectively, these findings suggests that survival of C. auris under host-immune pressure is accompanied by rapid context-dependent molecular adaptations.

IO_SCPLOWMPORTANCEC_SCPLOWCandida auris is a critical high priority fungal pathogen classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) that constitute a serious threat to global health. Often termed as a  superbug due to its high transmissibility and multidrug resistant profile, the microbe has spread across the globe and is capable of causing high mortality rates. Molecular studies scrutinizing the pathogenic mechanisms of C. auris are limited and represents a major bottleneck to decipher and device intervention strategies against this enigmatic pathogen. As such, this study is aimed at widening the molecular knowledge spectrum of C. auris in regards to its virulence and pathogenesis. Here we dissect the host-pathogen interaction of C. auris by establishing experimental infection models and subsequently applying an integrated proteomics strategy to capture the organisms virulence repertoire modulating fungal pathogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mazumdar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bjelanovic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.09.710370</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Proteome remodelling in Candida auris during early host adaptation in-vitro and in-vivo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.03.10.710555v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CRISPR screens establish regulatory maps of immunosuppressive surface molecules in cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.03.10.710555v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cancer cells can evade immune surveillance by triggering inhibitory checkpoint responses in tumor-associated T cells through the expression of immunosuppressive surface molecules. While therapeutic blockade of such receptors has emerged as a pillar of cancer therapy, tumor cell-intrinsic mechanisms controlling their expression remain incompletely understood. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)-based genetic screens can be used to decipher regulatory pathways, but conventional screening approaches are biased towards regulators that are dispensable for cancer cell proliferation and survival. Here, we used a tetracycline-inducible Cas9 system enabling fully time-controllable CRISPR-based mutagenesis to gain a more comprehensive and comparative survey of regulators controlling the expression of four major immunosuppressive surface molecules, PD-L1 (CD274), CD47, CD276 and HLA-E, as well as CD151, a candidate surface target associated with tumor growth and invasion. As a prominent hit, our screens identify the membrane-trafficking factor DNAJC13 as a regulator of PD-L1 and CD276. Among DNAJC13-controlled surface proteins, we identify other known and proposed immune-checkpoint molecules. Based on this function, suppression of DNAJC13 strongly increases the sensitivity of human cancer cells to T-cell attack in vitro and prolongs survival of mice bearing pancreatic tumors. Together, our study establishes regulatory maps of major immune-modulatory surface molecules and identifies DNAJC13 as a potential target for the coordinated inhibition of multiple immunosuppressive signals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kalis, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deswal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaefer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalxdorf, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jude, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lipp, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rieser, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vogt, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Almeida, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fellner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruhland, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frasz, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersch, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krijgsveld, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carotta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuber, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.10.710555</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CRISPR screens establish regulatory maps of immunosuppressive surface molecules in cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.03.13.711565v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Marine bacterial resistomes integrate ecological adaptation with anthropogenic amplification: genome-resolved insight along a gradient of human impact 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.03.13.711565v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are ubiquitous in marine environments, yet whether their distribution primarily reflects anthropogenic pollution or intrinsic ecological functions remains unresolved. We used genome-resolved metagenomics to characterize resistomes in 371 genomic operational taxonomic units (gOTUs) across a gradient of human impact: the heavily impacted Baltic Sea, the moderately impacted North Sea, and the minimally impacted West Greenland shelf. ARG density was distinctly elevated in the Baltic Sea (3.20 ARGs Mbp-1) relative to the North Sea (1.90) and West Greenland (1.67), which did not differ significantly from each other, suggesting a relatively uniform oceanic baseline. Variance partitioning revealed that taxonomic identity explained 20.1% of ARG density variation, with environment contributing 11.4%; critically, Baltic gOTUs carried 35.1% more ARGs than predicted from taxonomy alone, indicating environment-driven enrichment beyond baseline taxonomic carriage. Lifestyle-dependent ARG partitioning between particle-attached and free-living prokaryotes emerged only under anthropogenic pressure: free-living bacteria were enriched in multiple resistance classes in the Baltic Sea but showed no differentiation in West Greenland. Only 0.85% of detected ARGs showed [&ge;]70% amino acid identity to clinically characterized sequences in the CARD database, showing that marine ARGs are highly divergent from clinical resistance determinants. Virulence factor annotations were widespread but weakly coupled with ARG abundance, suggesting independent ecological selection. Our results suggest that marine resistomes integrate an intrinsic baseline of ecological functions with selective enrichment of specific resistance mechanisms under anthropogenic pressure, and that genome-resolved approaches are able to quantify the relative contributions of each.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Spriahailo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adenaya, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brinkhoff, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reinthaler, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.13.711565</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Marine bacterial resistomes integrate ecological adaptation with anthropogenic amplification: genome-resolved insight along a gradient of human impact]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.07.09.663707v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A complex of MAST1 and 14-3-3 regulates Tau phosphorylation in the developing cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2025.07.09.663707v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The MAST family of serine/threonine kinases has been implicated in a spectrum of human neurodevelopmental disorders. However, little is known about their biological function or regulation. Seeking to fill these gaps in our knowledge, we have identified upstream and downstream partners of MAST1. 14-3-3, a neuronal 14-3-3 paralog, specifically interacts with MAST1 at two regulatory serines, S90 and S161. PAK, a neuronal regulator of the actin cytoskeleton, phosphorylates MAST1 to regulate its interaction with 14-3-3. Exploiting mouse models of human Mega Corpus Callosum Syndrome (MCC) and whole brain phosphoproteomics, we identify the microtubule-associated protein Tau as a substrate of MAST1. We show that pathogenic MAST1 mutations perturb protein function either through misfolding or attenuation of kinase activity. Our data is consistent with a model in which the MAST kinases couple PAK, a neuronal regulator of the actin cytoskeleton, to microtubule remodeling during the differentiation and specification of cortical neurons.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Antonioli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heisterkamp, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anrather, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartl, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez-Reza, M.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tripathy, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schutzbier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mechtler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keays, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leonard, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.09.663707</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A complex of MAST1 and 14-3-3 regulates Tau phosphorylation in the developing cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.03.26.714412v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
VIA1 is a conserved regulator of thylakoid membrane integrity that acts through VIPP1 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.03.26.714412v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Thylakoid membranes are indispensable for oxygenic photosynthesis, yet the mechanisms that protect these membranes from photooxidative damage remain poorly understood. By screening previously uncharacterized proteins induced during the chloroplast unfolded protein response, we identify VIA1 as an essential factor for preserving thylakoid integrity under high light in the model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Loss of VIA1 causes hypersensitivity to photo-oxidative stress and rapid thylakoid swelling. VIA1 localizes to thylakoid membranes and directly binds Vesicle-Inducing Protein in Plastids 1 (VIPP1), an ESCRT-III-like protein essential for thylakoid biogenesis and remodeling. Structure-guided mutagenesis shows that this interaction is required for VIA1 function and is mediated by a winged-helix domain interface reminiscent of ESCRT-II/ESCRT-III binding mode. VIA1 orthologs from cyanobacteria and land plants rescue the Chlamydomonas via1 mutant phenotype, and disruption of VIA1 in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 impairs growth, especially under light stress. Together, these findings establish VIA1 as an evolutionarily conserved protein that contributes to thylakoid membrane homeostasis via its interaction with VIPP1.

Significance StatementFrom cyanobacteria to land plants, all organisms performing oxygenic photosynthesis rely on thylakoid membranes to capture light and and produce oxygen. Yet these membranes are highly susceptible to environmental stress, particularly excess light, which causes oxidative damage to membrane lipids and proteins. How thylakoid integrity is maintained under these conditions remains a key open question. Here we identify VIA1 as a conserved factor required for maintaining thylakoid membrane structure under high light. VIA1 interacts with VIPP1, an ESCRT-III-like protein essential for thylakoid biogenesis, through a functionally indispensable interface reminiscent of ESCRT-II/ESCRT-III binding mode. The conservation of the VIA1-VIPP1 module across photosynthetic prokaryotes and eukaryotes suggests it arose early in the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis and has been maintained ever since.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vetrano, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krall, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Traverso, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morosinotto, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irwin, N. A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazor, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramundo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.26.714412</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[VIA1 is a conserved regulator of thylakoid membrane integrity that acts through VIPP1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.03.28.715002v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Septin-mediated coupling of protein import and division during chloroplast evolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.03.28.715002v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chloroplast biogenesis depends on both protein import and organelle division, yet how their coordination emerged during evolution remains unclear. Here, we show that the single septin SEP1 links these pathways in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. SEP1 forms a filamentous network on the chloroplast envelope during interphase and reorganizes into a ring at the chloroplast division site during cytokinesis. Loss of SEP1 selectively impairs import of chloroplast-division proteins and causes mispositioning of the division ring, without impairing bulk chloroplast protein import. SEP1 physically associates with outer-envelope TOC GTPases through evolutionarily related GTPase domains. Phylogenetic analysis places TOC GTPases within an algal septin-derived clade, and heterologous expression of SEP1 in land plants, in which septins are absent, shows conservation of its chloroplast targeting and TOC binding. Together, these findings identify septins as coordinators of plastid protein import and division and suggest that this coupling emerged early in chloroplast evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Delic, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vetrano, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simon, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>von der Heyde, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tajima-Shirasaki, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brillada, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hallmann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bezanilla, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banterle, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dey, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramundo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Onishi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.28.715002</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Septin-mediated coupling of protein import and division during chloroplast evolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.03.19.712843v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Logic of optimal collective migration in heterogeneous tissues 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.03.19.712843v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Collective cell migration is a critical process in embryogenesis and cancer invasion. Recent work has shown that uniform tissues can undergo sharp rheological transitions, with collective motion emerging above a critical cell motility. In vivo, however, migration typically involves multiple populations with distinct motile and adhesive properties, and how this heterogeneity shapes collective dynamics remains unclear. Here, using two different vertex model implementations, we show that migration of heterogeneous clusters through tissues is maximized at intermediate adhesion strength: too little and the cluster fragments, too much and cluster cell cohesion suppresses the rearrangements needed for forward motion. We test our model against recent and new data on zebrafish mesendoderm invasion, where graded Nodal signalling regulates both motility and adhesion differences. By mapping measured Nodal levels to mechanical parameters, the model not only reproduces migration outcomes across homogeneous and heterogeneous clusters, but also discriminates between alternative adhesion rules. Strikingly, the inferred parameters place the system near the predicted optimum, where adhesion is strong enough to maintain cohesion yet graded enough to allow selective coupling among heterogeneous neighbors. These results identify an optimal balance between cohesion and interfacial remodeling as a general principle coordinating collective invasion in heterogeneous tissues.

Significance statementCells often migrate collectively during embryonic development and cancer invasion, but tissues are rarely uniform and different cells differ both in their adhesion and activity. Using models of tissue mechanics, we show that collective invasion is maximized at an intermediate level of adhesion within the migrating cluster cells: too little and the cluster falls apart, too much and it cannot advance. We test this principle against experiments in zebrafish gastrulation, where a signaling gradient simultaneously controls both cell motility and adhesion. The model reproduces migration outcomes across a range of experiments and identifies the adhesion rule cells use to selectively stick to neighbors. These results reveal a simple mechanical logic for how heterogeneous cell collectives coordinate invasion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gubbala, U. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinheiro, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hannezo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.19.712843</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Logic of optimal collective migration in heterogeneous tissues]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.03.22.713455v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PHOTOTROPIN-mediated blue light signaling orients the asymmetry of Marchantia polymorpha spores 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.03.22.713455v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multicellular organisms produced by sexual reproduction develop from single cells and the asymmetry of these cells can define the orientation of the earliest developmental axes. The haploid multicellular stage of the plant, Marchantia polymorpha, develops from a single cell - the spore - that divides asymmetrically, producing an apical germ cell that generates the plant body and a smaller basal cell that differentiates as an anchoring germ rhizoid cell. We show that the orientation of this asymmetric cell division is controlled by an external, environmental cue - blue light - that is perceived by the photoreceptor PHOTOTROPIN and signals in an NCH1-dependent manner. This defines core elements of the mechanism by which a directional environmental signal orients cell division, which in turn orients the first axis of symmetry.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roetzer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slovak, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallner, E.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edelbacher, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asper, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deiber, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seitner, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colombini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dolan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.22.713455</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PHOTOTROPIN-mediated blue light signaling orients the asymmetry of Marchantia polymorpha spores]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.03.23.713706v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Oncogenic E3-ligase adaptors MAGE-A3/6 promote cancer cell migration via BAP18 degradation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.03.23.713706v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cancer testis antigens are widely expressed in human malignancies. Melanoma-Associated Antigens (MAGE) A3 and A6 have been proposed to modulate protein turnover and metabolism in cancer cells. However, the substrate specificity of MAGE-A3/6 and the impact on cancer cell behavior remain poorly understood. Although previous research has identified binding partners, a molecularly validated target for MAGE-A3/6-mediated proteasomal degradation has not been described. In this study, we redefine the substrate specificity of MAGE-A3/6 and present a mechanistic framework for substrate binding, polyubiquitination, and subsequent degradation. We identify BPTF-Associated Protein of 18kDa (BAP18) as a bona fide novel substrate of MAGE-A3/6 and demonstrate its direct regulation via a molecularly defined substrate-degron-E3-adaptor interaction. The degradation of BAP18 by MAGE-A3/6 underlies phenotypic alterations in cancer cells, such as enhanced migratory capacity. This previously unrecognized molecular link is observed in both cancer cell lines and human cancer tissues, supporting a role as a fundamental oncogenic process. The discovery of a molecularly defined interaction between MAGE-A3/6 and their substrate enables systematic investigation into oncogenic protein degradation in human cancers and may inform future therapeutic strategies that leverage the molecular function of aberrantly reexpressed germline proteins in cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schneider, M. W. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polgar, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalis, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbulescu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunner, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madalinski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barsyte-Lovejoy, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuber, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koegl, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neumueller, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinelli, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.23.713706</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Oncogenic E3-ligase adaptors MAGE-A3/6 promote cancer cell migration via BAP18 degradation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.03.27.714707v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Herpes simplex virus infection promotes ALS pathology through ICP0-mediated PML body disruption 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.03.27.714707v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transactive response DNA binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43) pathology, is a central molecular hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, the underlying triggers are incompletely understood. Here, we show that infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) induces molecular hallmarks of ALS in various in vitro and in vivo models and is associated with an increased risk of ALS in human population data. German healthcare provider data (n = 238,440) and herpesvirus serology of an ALS patient and control cohort (n = 1,100) showed that HSV infection elevated the ALS risk by 210% and odds by [~]65%, respectively. On a molecular level, HSV infection promoted TDP-43 pathology in neuronal cell models, human iPSC-derived motoneurons and cerebral organoids, mice, and human tissue sections. This effect was triggered by HSV-1 or 2, but not by several other related herpesviruses. Mechanistically, the infected cell protein 0 (ICP0) of HSV-1/2 drives TDP-43 pathology by disturbance of promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PML-NBs), thereby abrogating TDP-43 SUMO2/3ylation. Taken together, we reveal a previously unrecognized association between HSV infection and ALS and clarify the underlying molecular mechanism that drives TDP-43 pathology. Our data may guide future studies into therapeutic and prophylactic interventions against ALS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Freisem, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rombach, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brockmann, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fink, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engels, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Luna, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acharya, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoenigsperger, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goreth, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tigges, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagmann, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Gent, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zech, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ponomarenko, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenbohm, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorst, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mollenhauer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weishaupt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tumani, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gadalla, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huzly, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaidt, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sodeik, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Viejo-Borbolla, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Otto, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stamminger, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirchhoff, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krawcyk, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dittmer, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doelken, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boeckers, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Catanese, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doblhammer, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verjans, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufer, B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gack, M. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Full, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hengel, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grozdanov, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sparrer, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danzer, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.27.714707</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Herpes simplex virus infection promotes ALS pathology through ICP0-mediated PML body disruption]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.03.27.714668v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Kinetic logic of uridylation-mediated RNA decay 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.03.27.714668v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
3'-terminal uridylation marks structured non-coding RNAs for cytoplasmic decay, yet how uridylation is quantitatively coupled to exonucleolytic degradation remains unclear. Here, we dissect the kinetic logic of uridylation-mediated RNA surveillance in Drosophila melanogaster. Using biochemical reconstitution together with high-throughput enzymology and quantitative modeling, we show that the terminal uridylyl transferase Tailor generates discrete oligo(U) intermediates through product-dependent kinetic tuning, while co-substrate promiscuity suppresses sustained processivity under physiological nucleotide conditions. Massively parallel binding and decay assays further reveal how the 3'-to-5' exoribonuclease Dis3l2 selectively degrades Tailor-primed RNAs by integrating 3'-proximal uridine content and defined 3'-end accessibility--features encoded by short, kinetically tuned oligo(U) intermediates centered on four nucleotides--to enable productive threading of RNA substrates along an extended RNA-binding path to the catalytic site. Together, our findings establish a quantitative framework in which uridylation encodes decay competence through transient RNA 3'-end states that are matched to the mechanistic requirements for decay.

HighlightsO_LIThe TUTase Tailor kinetically tunes uridylation to generate short, discrete oligo(U) intermediates
C_LIO_LIMixed nucleotide availability suppresses sustained processive uridylation
C_LIO_LIDis3l2 decodes 3'-proximal uridine content and end accessibility to commit RNAs to decay
C_LIO_LIShort oligo(U) tails encode RNA decay competence through transient RNA 3'-end states
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sgromo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jordan, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aerestad, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moersdorf, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boneberg, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jinek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burkard, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Popitsch, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ameres, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.27.714668</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Kinetic logic of uridylation-mediated RNA decay]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.03.27.714872v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inhibition of V-ATPase function drives apoptosis via GCN1/GCN2 kinase signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.03.27.714872v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Natural products are a rich source of bioactive molecules that have served both as templates for drug discovery and as tools to uncover fundamental biological processes. While characterizing the pro-apoptotic activity of the cyanobacterial metabolite Nostatin A, we identified vacuolar-type H-ATPase (V-ATPase) as its molecular target and uncovered an unexpected signalling response preceding cell death initiation. V-ATPase inhibition rapidly activates the integrated stress response (ISR) through engagement of the GCN1/GCN2 kinase module, indicative of ribosomal collisions and translational shutdown. This response is conserved across established V-ATPase inhibitors, including bafilomycin A1, but not with compounds disrupting lysosomal function by other means. Mechanistically, V-ATPase inhibition depletes the pro-survival protein MCL-1 resulting in BAX/BAK-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis. Loss of MCL-1 creates a vulnerability that renders cells dependent on co-expressed BCL-2 family proteins, enabling potent synergy with the BH3 mimetics ABT-737 or venetoclax. Taken together, our results reveal a therapeutically exploitable vulnerability in V-ATPase-reliant or MCL-1 dependent cancers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gallob, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lechner, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuckova, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tyshchenko, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drpic, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hajek, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Englmaier, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delawska, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unterlass, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Araujo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winter, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hrouzek, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villunger, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.27.714872</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inhibition of V-ATPase function drives apoptosis via GCN1/GCN2 kinase signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.03.30.715226v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
UFMylation anchors splicing factors at the ER to reprogram nuclear splicing 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2026.03.30.715226v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
How organelles communicate stress to the nucleus to coordinate adaptive responses remains a fundamental question in cell biology. Here, we identify a non-canonical retrograde signaling pathway in which stalling-induced UFMylation of ER-associated ribosomes anchors splicing regulators at the ER, directly coupling translational stress to nuclear RNA processing. Phylogenetic profiling linked the UFMylation machinery to a network of nuclear mRNA processing factors. Fractionation-based quantitative proteomics further supported this link and revealed that translational stress triggers UFM1-dependent retention of serine/arginine-rich (SR) splicing factors at the ER, depleting their nuclear pools. Mechanistically, UFMylated ribosomes physically tether SR proteins at the ER surface, driving widespread intron retention that preferentially targets transcripts encoding membrane lipid metabolism and endomembrane-associated processes--a response conserved from plants to mammals. These findings reframe UFMylation from a local ribosome repair signal to a systems-level coordinator of ER-nucleus communication that reprograms nuclear splicing and reshapes membrane-associated gene expression with implications for diverse human diseases linked to UFMylation defects.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papareddy, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bu, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anisimova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perdigao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tirard-Thevenoud, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mihailovic, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akyol, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karagoz, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brose, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irwin, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dagdas, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.30.715226</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[UFMylation anchors splicing factors at the ER to reprogram nuclear splicing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
</rdf:RDF>
