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	<title>bioRxiv Channel: International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC)</title>
	<link>https://biorxiv.org</link>
	<description>
	This feed contains articles for bioRxiv Channel "International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC)"
	</description>

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	<prism:publicationName>bioRxiv</prism:publicationName>
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	<title>bioRxiv</title>
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	<link>https://biorxiv.org</link>
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	<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/678250v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human and mouse essentiality screens as a resource for disease gene discovery 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/678250v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although genomic sequencing has been transformative in the study of rare genetic diseases, identifying causal variants remains a considerable challenge that can be addressed in part by new gene-specific knowledge. Here, we integrate measures of how essential a gene is to supporting life, as inferred from the comprehensive viability and phenotyping screens performed on knockout mice by the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium and from human cell line essentiality screens. We propose a novel, cross-species gene classification across the Full Spectrum of Intolerance to Loss-of-function (FUSIL) and demonstrate that genes in five mutually exclusive FUSIL categories have differing characteristics in the biological processes they regulate, tissue expression levels and human mutation rates. Most notably, Mendelian disease genes, particularly those associated with developmental disorders, are highly overrepresented in the developmental lethal category, representing genes not essential for cell survival but required for organism development. Exploiting this finding, we have screened developmental disorder cases from three independent disease sequencing consortia and identified potentially pathogenic, de novo variants shared in different patients for several developmental lethal genes that have not previously been associated with rare disease. We therefore propose FUSIL as an efficient resource for disease gene discovery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cacheiro, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munoz-Fuentes, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murray, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickinson, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bucan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nutter, L. M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peterson, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haselimashhadi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flenniken, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morgan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Westerberg, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Konopka, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christiansen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lanza, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beaudet, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heaney, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuchs, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gailus-Durner, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sorg, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prochazka, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novosadova, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lelliott, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wardle-Jones, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wells, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teboul, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cater, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hough, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wurst, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sedlacek, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seavitt, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tocchini-Valentini, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mammano, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braun, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKerlie, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herault, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hrabe de Angelis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mallon, A.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/678250</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human and mouse essentiality screens as a resource for disease gene discovery]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/079350v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reproducibility and replicability of rodent phenotyping in preclinical studies 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/079350v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The scientific community is increasingly concerned with cases of published "discoveries" that are not replicated in further studies. The field of mouse behavioral phenotyping was one of the first to raise this concern, and to relate it to other complicated methodological issues: the complex interaction between genotype and environment; the definitions of behavioral constructs; and the use of the mouse as a model animal for human health and disease mechanisms. In January 2015, researchers from various disciplines including genetics, behavior genetics, neuroscience, ethology, statistics and bioinformatics gathered in Tel Aviv University to discuss these issues. The general consent presented here was that the issue is prevalent and of concern, and should be addressed at the statistical, methodological and policy levels, but is not so severe as to call into question the validity and the usefulness of model organisms as a whole. Well-organized community efforts, coupled with improved data and metadata sharing, were agreed by all to have a key role to play in identifying specific problems and promoting effective solutions. As replicability is related to validity and may also affect generalizability and translation of findings, the implications of the present discussion reach far beyond the issue of replicability of mouse phenotypes but may be highly relevant throughout biomedical research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Neri Kafkafi</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joseph Agassi</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elissa J Chesler</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>John C Crabbe</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wim E Crusio</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David Eilam</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robert Gerlai</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ilan Golani</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alex Gomez-Marin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruth Heller</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuad Iraqi</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iman Jaljuli</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Natasha A Karp</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hugh Morgan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George Nicholson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donald W Pfaff</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helene S Richter</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Philip B Stark</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oliver Stiedl</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Victoria Stodden</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lisa M Tarantino</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valter Tucci</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>William Valdar</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robert W Williams</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanno Wurbel</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoav Benjamini</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/079350</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reproducibility and replicability of rodent phenotyping in preclinical studies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/195651v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Employing single-stranded DNA donors for the high-throughput production of conditional knockout alleles in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/195651v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium is generating null allele mice for every protein-coding gene in the genome and characterizing these mice to identify gene-phenotype associations. To test the feasibility of using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to generate conditional knockout mice for this large-scale resource, we employed Cas9-mediated homology driven repair (HDR) with short and long single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides (ssODNs and lssODNs). Using pairs of guides and ssODNs donating loxP sites, we obtained putative conditional allele founder mice, harboring both loxP sites, for 23 of 30 genes targeted. LoxP sites integrated in cis in at least one F0 for 18 of 23 targeted genes. However, loxP sites were mutagenized in 4 of 18 in cis lines. HDR efficiency correlated with Cas9 cutting efficiency but was not influenced by ssODN homology arm symmetry. By contrast, using pairs of guides and a single lssODN to introduce a loxP-flanked exon, conditional allele founders were generated for all 4 genes targeted. Our studies demonstrate that Cas9-mediated HDR with pairs of ssODNs can generate conditional null alleles at many loci, but reveal inefficiencies when applied at scale. In contrast, lssODNs are amenable to high-throughput production of conditional alleles when they can be employed.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lanza, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaspero, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorenzo, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rasband, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seavitt, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeMayo, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickinson, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beaudet, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heaney, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-09-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/195651</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Employing single-stranded DNA donors for the high-throughput production of conditional knockout alleles in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-09-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2019.12.19.882688v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
X-ray 3D imaging of gene expression in whole-mount murine brain by microCT, implication for functional analysis of tRNA endonuclease 54 gene mutated in pontocerebellar hypoplasia. 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2019.12.19.882688v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Acquisition of detailed structural and molecular information from intact biological samples, while preserving cellular three-dimensional structures, still represents a challenge for biological studies aiming to unravel system functions. Here we describe a novel X-ray-based methodology for analysis of gene expression pattern in intact murine brain ex vivo by microCT. The method relays on detection of bromine molecules in the products of enzymatic reaction generated by the {beta}-galactosidase (lacZ) gene reporter. To demonstrate the feasibility of the method, the analysis of the expression pattern of tRNA endonuclease 54 (Tsen54)-lacZ reporter gene in the whole-mount murine brain in semi-quantitative manner is performed. Mutations in Tsen54 gene causes pontocerebellar hypoplasia (PCH), severe neurodegenerative disorder with both mental and motor deficits. Comparing relative levels of Tsen54 gene expression, we have demonstrated that highest Tsen54 expression observed in anatomical brain substructures important for the normal motor and memory functions in mice. In the forebrain strong expression in perirhinal, retrosplenial and secondary motor areas was observed. In olfactory area Tsen54 is highly expressed in the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract, anterior olfactory and bed nuclei, while in hypothalamus in lateral mammillary nucleus and preoptic area. In hindbrain Tsen54 is expressed in the reticular, cuneate and trigeminal nuclei of medulla, and in pontine gray of pons and in cerebellum, in the molecular and Purkinje cell layers. Delineating anatomical brain regions in which Tsen54 is strongly expressed will allow functionally address the role Tsen54 gene in normal physiology and in PCH disease.

Significance StatementCharacterization of gene expression pattern in the brain of model organisms is critical for unravelling the gene function in normal physiology and disease. It is performed by optical imaging of the two-dimensional brain sections which then assembled in volume images. Here we applied microCT platform, which allows three-dimensional imaging of non transparent samples, for analysis of gene expression. This method based on detection by X-ray the bromine molecules presented in the products generated by enzymatic activity of b-galactosidase reporter gene. With this method we identify anatomical brain substructures in which Tsen54 gene, mutated in pontocerebellar hypoplasia disease, is expressed.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ermakova, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orsini, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fruscoloni, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiani, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gambadoro, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Putti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cirilli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mezzi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaciulis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raspa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferdinando Scavizzi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tocchini-Valentini, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.19.882688</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[X-ray 3D imaging of gene expression in whole-mount murine brain by microCT, implication for functional analysis of tRNA endonuclease 54 gene mutated in pontocerebellar hypoplasia.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2019.12.27.889246v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A non-invasive digital biomarker for the detection of rest disturbances in the SOD1G93A mouse model of ALS 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2019.12.27.889246v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that affects both central and peripheral nervous system, leading to the degeneration of motor neurons, which eventually results in muscle atrophy, paralysis and death. Sleep disturbances are common in patients with ALS, leading to even further deteriorated quality of life. Investigating methods to potentially assess sleep and rest disturbances in animal models of ALS is thus of crucial interest.

We used an automated home cage monitoring system (DVC(R)) to capture activity patterns that can potentially be associated with sleep and rest disturbances and thus to the progression of ALS in the SOD1G93A mouse model. DVC(R) enables non-intrusive 24/7 long term animal activity monitoring, which we assessed together with body weight decline and neuromuscular function deterioration measured by grid hanging and grip strength tests in male and female mice from 7 until 24 weeks of age.

We show that as the ALS progresses over time in SOD1G93A mice, activity patterns during day time start becoming irregular, with frequent activity bouts that are neither observed in control mice nor in SOD1G93A at a younger age. The increasing irregularities of activity patterns during day time are quantitatively captured by designing a novel digital biomarker, referred to as Rest Disturbance Index (RDI). We show that RDI is a robust measure capable of detecting rest/sleep-related disturbances during the disease progression earlier than conventional methods, such as the grid hanging test. Moreover RDI highly correlates with grid hanging and body weight decline, especially in males.

The non-intrusive long-term continuous monitoring of animal activity enabled by DVC(R) has been instrumental in discovering activity patterns potentially correlated with sleep and rest disturbances in the SOD1G93A mouse model of the ALS disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Golini, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rigamonti, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iannello, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Rosa, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scavizzi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raspa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mandillo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.27.889246</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A non-invasive digital biomarker for the detection of rest disturbances in the SOD1G93A mouse model of ALS]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.01.09.900712v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MicroRNA-574 Regulates FAM210A Expression and Influences Pathological Cardiac Remodeling 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.01.09.900712v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aberrant synthesis of mitochondrial proteins impairs cardiac function and causes heart disease. However, the mechanism of regulation of mitochondria encoded protein expression during cardiac disease remains underexplored. Here, we have shown that multiple pathogenic cardiac stressors induce the expression of miR-574 guide and passenger strands (miR-574-5p/3p) in both humans and mice. miR-574 knockout mice exhibit severe cardiac disorder under heart disease-triggering stresses. miR-574-5p/3p mimics that are delivered systematically using nanoparticles reduce cardiac pathogenesis under disease insults. Transcriptome analysis of miR-574-null hearts uncovers FAM210A as a common target mRNA for both strands of miR-574. The interactome capture and translational state analyses suggest that FAM210A interacts with mitochondrial translation factors and regulates the protein expression of mitochondrial encoded electron transport chain genes. Using a human cardiomyocyte cell culture system, we discover that miR-574 regulates FAM210A expression and modulates mitochondrial encoded protein expression, which influences cardiac remodeling in heart failure.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subbaiah, K. C. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hedaya, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welle, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghaemmaghami, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, W. H. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Small, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.09.900712</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MicroRNA-574 Regulates FAM210A Expression and Influences Pathological Cardiac Remodeling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.02.08.940163v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The parotid secretory protein BPIFA2 is a salivary surfactant that affects LPS action 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.02.08.940163v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Saliva plays important roles in the mastication, swallowing and digestion of food, speech and lubrication of oral mucosa, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity and control of body temperature in grooming animals. The salivary protein BPIFA2 (BPI fold containing family A member 2; former names: Parotid Secretory Protein, PSP, SPLUNC2, C20orf70) is related to lipid-binding and LPS-binding proteins expressed in mucosa. Indeed, BPIFA2 binds LPS but the physiological role of BPIFA2 remains to be determined. To address this question, Bpifa2 knockout (Bpifa2tm1(KOMP)Vlcg) (KO) mice were phenotyped with a special emphasis on saliva and salivary glands. Saliva collected from KO mice was less able to spread on a hydrophobic surface than wild-type saliva and the surface tension of KO saliva was close to that of water. These data suggest that BPIFA2 is a salivary surfactant that is mainly responsible for the low surface tension of mouse saliva. The reduced surfactant activity of KO saliva did not affect consumption of dry food or grooming, but saliva from KO mice contained less LPS than wild-type saliva. Indeed, mice lacking BPIFA2 responded to ingested LPS with an increased stool frequency, suggesting that BPIFA2 plays a role in the solubilization and activity of ingested LPS. Consistent with these findings, BPIFA2-depleted mice also showed increased insulin secretion and metabolomic changes that were consistent with a mild endotoxemia. These results support the distal physiological function of a salivary protein and reinforce the connection between oral biology and systemic disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nandula, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huxford, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wheeler, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aparicio, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorr, S.-U.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.08.940163</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The parotid secretory protein BPIFA2 is a salivary surfactant that affects LPS action]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.02.13.947424v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Defective heart chamber growth and myofibrillogenesis after knockout of adprhl1 gene function by targeted disruption of the ancestral catalytic active site. 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.02.13.947424v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ADP-ribosylhydrolase-like 1 (Adprhl1) is a pseudoenzyme expressed in the developing heart myocardium of all vertebrates. In the amphibian Xenopus laevis, knockdown of the two cardiac Adprhl1 protein species (40 and 23 kDa) causes failure of chamber outgrowth but this has only been demonstrated using antisense morpholinos that interfere with RNA-splicing. Transgenic production of 40 kDa Adprhl1 provides only part rescue of these defects. CRISPR/Cas9 technology now enables targeted mutation of the adprhl1 gene in G0-generation embryos with routine cleavage of all alleles. Testing multiple gRNAs distributed across the locus reveals exonic locations that encode critical amino acids for Adprhl1 function. The gRNA recording the highest frequency of a specific ventricle outgrowth phenotype directs Cas9 cleavage of an exon 6 sequence, where microhomology mediated end-joining biases subsequent DNA repairs towards three small in-frame deletions. Mutant alleles encode discrete loss of 1, 3 or 4 amino acids from a di-arginine (Arg271-Arg272) containing peptide loop at the centre of the ancestral ADP-ribosylhydrolase site. Thus despite lacking catalytic activity, it is the modified (adenosine-ribose) substrate binding cleft of Adprhl1 that fulfils an essential role during heart formation. Mutation results in striking loss of myofibril assembly in ventricle cardiomyocytes. The defects suggest Adprhl1 participation from the earliest stage of cardiac myofibrillogenesis and are consistent with previous MO results and Adprhl1 protein localization to actin filament Z-disc boundaries. A single nucleotide change to the gRNA sequence renders it inactive. Mice lacking Adprhl1 exons 3-4 are normal but production of the smaller ADPRHL1 species is unaffected, providing further evidence that cardiac activity is concentrated at the C-terminal protein portion.

HighlightsComparison of adprhl1 morpholinos. Knockdown of the two Xenopus cardiac Adprhl1 protein species (40 and 23 kDa) causes failure of ventricle outgrowth.

CRISPR/Cas9 targeted gene mutation of adprhl1 with multiple gRNAs reveals exonic locations that encode critical amino acids for Adprhl1 function.

Repair of DSBs at exon 6 yields small in-frame deletions that cause specific ventricle myofibril assembly defects.

The deletions disturb a conserved di-arginine containing peptide loop at the centre of the ancestral substrate binding cleft/ADP-ribosylhydrolase site of this pseudoenzyme.

Mice lacking Adprhl1 exons 3-4 are normal but production of the smaller ADPRHL1 species is unaffected, providing further evidence that cardiac activity is concentrated at the C-terminal protein portion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Smith, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Towers, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demetriou, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohun, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.13.947424</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Defective heart chamber growth and myofibrillogenesis after knockout of adprhl1 gene function by targeted disruption of the ancestral catalytic active site.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.02.13.947705v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A trans-eQTL network regulates osteoclast multinucleation and bone mass 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.02.13.947705v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Functional characterisation of cell-type specific regulatory networks is key to establish a causal link between genetic variation and phenotype. The osteoclast offers a unique model for interrogating the contribution of co-regulated genes to in vivo phenotype as its multinucleation and resorption activities determine quantifiable skeletal traits. Here we took advantage of a trans-regulated gene network (MMnet, macrophage multinucleation network) which we found to be significantly enriched for GWAS variants associated with bone-related phenotypes. We found that the network hub gene Bcat1 and seven other co-regulated MMnet genes out of 13, regulate bone function. Specifically, global (Pik3cb-/-, Atp8b2+/-, Igsf8-/-, Eml1-/-, Appl2-/-, Deptor-/-) and myeloid-specific Slc40a1{Delta}LysMCre knockout mice displayed abnormal bone phenotypes. We report antagonizing effects of MMnet genes on bone mass in mice and osteoclast multinucleation/resorption in humans with strong correlation between the two. These results identify MMnet as a functionally conserved network that regulates osteoclast fusion and bone mass.

Impact statementWe took advantage of the osteoclast whose multinucleation properties correlate with bone mass. We show that a trans-regulated gene network (MMnet) controls skeletal homeostasis through osteoclast multinucleation and function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pereira, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ko, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Logan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Protheroe, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, K.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, A. L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, K.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rotival, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petretto, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bassett, J. H. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behmoaras, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.13.947705</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A trans-eQTL network regulates osteoclast multinucleation and bone mass]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.02.25.964254v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Long title: The occurrence of tarsal injuries in male mice of C57BL/6N substrains in multiple international mouse facilities 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.02.25.964254v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dislocation in hindlimb tarsals are being observed at a low, but persistent frequency in adult male mice from C57BL/6N substrains. Clinical signs included a sudden onset of mild to severe unilateral or bilateral tarsal abduction, swelling, abnormal hindlimb morphology and lameness. Contraction of digits and gait abnormalities were noted in multiple cases. Radiographical and histological examination revealed caudal dislocation of the calcaneus and partial dislocation of the calcaneoquartal (calcaneous-tarsal bone IV) joint. The detection, frequency, and cause of this pathology in five large mouse production and phenotyping centres (MRC Harwell, UK; The Jackson Laboratory, USA; The Centre for Phenogenomics, Canada; German Mouse Clinic, Germany; Baylor College of Medicine, USA) are discussed.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Herbert, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hutchison, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flenniken, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nutter, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mckerlie, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hobson, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kick, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyons, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiegand, J.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doty, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguilar-Pimentel, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hrabe de Angelis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickinson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seavitt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scudamore, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wells, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.25.964254</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Long title: The occurrence of tarsal injuries in male mice of C57BL/6N substrains in multiple international mouse facilities]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.02.28.969774v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Coordination of asparagine uptake and asparagine synthetase expression is required for T cell activation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.02.28.969774v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
T cell receptor triggering by antigen results in metabolic reprogramming that, in turn, facilitates T cells exit from quiescence. The increased nutrient requirements of activated lymphocytes are met in part by upregulation of cell surface transporters and enhanced uptake of amino acids, fatty acids and glucose from the environment. However, the role of intracellular pathways of amino acid biosynthesis in T cell activation is relatively unexplored. Asparagine (Asn) is a non-essential amino acid that can be synthesized intracellularly through the glutamine-hydrolyzing enzyme asparagine synthetase (ASNS). We set out to define the requirements for uptake of extracellular Asn and ASNS activity in CD8+ T cell activation. At early timepoints of activation, T cells expressed little or no ASNS and, as a consequence, viability and TCR-stimulated growth, activation and metabolic reprogramming were substantially impaired under conditions of Asn deprivation. At later timepoints (>48h of activation), TCR-induced mTOR-dependent signals resulted in upregulation of ASNS, that endowed T cells with the capacity to function independently of extracellular Asn. Thus, we have determined that the coordinated upregulation of ASNS expression and uptake of extracellular Asn is required for optimal T cell effector responses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hope, H. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brownlie, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steele, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salmond, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.28.969774</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Coordination of asparagine uptake and asparagine synthetase expression is required for T cell activation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.03.02.973909v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional modeling of NMIHBA-causing PRUNE1 variants reveals a requirement for its exopolyphosphatase activity. 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.03.02.973909v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, hypotonia, and variable brain anomalies (NMIHBA) is an autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorder characterized by global developmental delay and severe intellectual disability. Microcephaly, progressive cortical atrophy, cerebellar hypoplasia and delayed myelination are neurological hallmarks in affected individuals. NMIHBA is caused by biallelic variants in PRUNE1 encoding prune exopolyphosphatase 1. We provide in-depth clinical description of two affected siblings harboring compound heterozygous variant alleles, c.383G>A (p.Arg128Gln), c.520G>T (p.Gly174*) in PRUNE1. To gain insights into disease biology, we biochemically characterized missense variants within the conserved N-terminal aspartic acid-histidine-histidine (DHH) motif and provide evidence that they result in the destabilization of protein structure and/or loss of exopolyphosphatase activity. Genetic ablation of Prune1 results in midgestational lethality in mice, associated with perturbations to embryonic growth and vascular development. Our findings suggest that NMIHBA results from hypomorphic variant alleles in humans and underscore the potential key role of PRUNE1 exopolyphoshatase activity in neurodevelopment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nistala, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dronzek, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzaga-Jauregui, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Man Chim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajamani, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nuwayhid, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delgado, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burke, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karaca, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franklin, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarangapani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Podgorski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dominguez, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Withers, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deckelbaum, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheonherr, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gahl, W. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malicdan, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zambrowicz, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gale, N. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibbs, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lupski, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Economides, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.02.973909</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional modeling of NMIHBA-causing PRUNE1 variants reveals a requirement for its exopolyphosphatase activity.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.03.03.974444v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Endothelial cell response to Hedgehog ligands depends on their processing 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.03.03.974444v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RationaleThe therapeutic potential of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling agonists for vascular diseases is of growing interest. However, molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the role of the Hh signaling in vascular biology remain poorly understood.

ObjectiveThe purpose of the present paper is to clarify some conflicting literature data.

FindingsWith this goal we have demonstrated that, unexpectedly, ectopically administered N-terminal Sonic Hedgehog (N-Shh) and endogenous endothelial-derived Desert Hedgehog (Dhh) induce opposite effects in endothelial cells. (ECs). Notably, endothelial Dhh acts under its full-length soluble form (FL-Dhh) and activates Smoothened in ECs, while N-Shh inhibits it. At molecular level, N-Shh prevents FL-Dhh binding to Patched-1 demonstrating that N-Shh acts as competitive antagonist to FL-Dhh. Besides, we found that even though FL-Hh ligands and N-Hh ligands all bind Patched-1, they induce specific Patched-1 localization. Finally, we confirmed that in a pathophysiological setting i.e. brain inflammation, astrocyte-derived N-Shh act as a FL-Dhh antagonist.

ConclusionThe present study highlights for the first time that FL-Dhh and N-Hh ligands have antagonistic properties especially in ECs, and demonstrates that Hh ligands or forms of Hh ligands cannot be used instead of another for therapeutic purposes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hollier, P.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chapouly, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diop, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guimbal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cornuault, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gadeau, A.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renault, M.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.03.974444</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Endothelial cell response to Hedgehog ligands depends on their processing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.03.13.990762v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic disruption of the Blood Brain Barrier leads to protective barrier formation at the Glia Limitans 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.03.13.990762v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent work demonstrated that Central Nervous System (CNS) inflammation induces endothelial Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) opening as well as the formation of a tight junction barrier between reactive astrocytes at the Glia Limitans. We hypothesized that these two barriers may be reciprocally regulated by each other state and further, that the CNS parenchyma may acquire protection from the reactive astrocytic Glia Limitans not only in neuro-inflammation but also when BBB integrity is compromised under resting condition, without pathology. Previous studies identified Sonic hedgehog (Shh) astrocytic secretion as implicated in stabilizing the BBB during neuropathology and we recently demonstrated that desert hedgehog (Dhh) is expressed at the BBB in adults.

Here we unraveled the role of the morphogen Dhh in maintaining BBB tightness and, using endothelial Dhh knockdown as a model of permeable BBB, we demonstrated that a double barrier system comprising both the BBB and Glia Limitans, is implemented in the CNS and regulated by a crosstalk going from endothelial cell to astrocytes.

First, we showed that, under neuro-inflammatory conditions, Dhh expression is severely down regulated at the BBB and that Dhh is necessary for endothelial intercellular junction integrity as Dhh knockdown leads to CNS vascular leakage. We then demonstrated that, in Dhh endothelial knockout (DhhECKO) mice which display an open BBB, astrocytes are reactive and express the tight junction Claudin 4 (Cldn4) and showed that astrocytes can respond to signals secreted by the permeable endothelial BBB by becoming reactive and expressing Cldn4. To examine the consequences of the above results on disease severity, we finally induced multiple sclerosis in DhhECKO mice versus control littermates and showed that the pathology is less severe in the knockout animals due to Glia Limitans tightening, in response to BBB leakage, which drives inflammatory infiltrate entrapment into the perivascular space. Altogether these results suggest that genetic disruption of the BBB generates endothelial signals capable of driving the implementation of a secondary barrier at the Glia Limitans to protect the parenchyma. The concept of a reciprocally regulated CNS double barrier system has implications for treatment strategies in both the acute and chronic phases of multiple sclerosis pathophysiology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hollier, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guimbal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mora, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diop, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cornuault, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Couffinhal, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gadeau, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renault, M.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chapouly, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.13.990762</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic disruption of the Blood Brain Barrier leads to protective barrier formation at the Glia Limitans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.03.25.007286v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The type 2 diabetes gene product STARD10 is a phosphoinositide binding protein that controls insulin secretory granule biogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.03.25.007286v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveRisk alleles for type 2 diabetes at the STARD10 locus are associated with lowered STARD10 expression in the {beta}-cell, impaired glucose-induced insulin secretion and decreased circulating proinsulin:insulin ratios. Although likely to serve as a mediator of intracellular lipid transfer, the identity of the transported lipids, and thus the pathways through which STARD10 regulates {beta}-cell function, are not understood. The aim of this study was to identify the lipids transported and affected by STARD10 in the {beta}-cell and its effect on proinsulin processing and insulin granule biogenesis and maturation.

MethodsWe used isolated islets from mice deleted selectively in the {beta}-cell for Stard10 ({beta}StarD10KO) and performed electron microscopy, pulse-chase, RNA sequencing and lipidomic analyses. Proteomic analysis of STARD10 binding partners was executed in INS1 (832/13) cell line. X-ray crystallography followed by molecular docking and lipid overlay assay were performed on purified STARD10 protein.

Results{beta}StarD10KO islets had a sharply altered dense core granule appearance, with a dramatic increase in the number of "rod-like" dense cores. Correspondingly, basal secretion of proinsulin was increased. Amongst the differentially expressed genes in {beta}StarD10KO islets, expression of the phosphoinositide binding proteins Pirt and Synaptotagmin 1 were decreased while lipidomic analysis demonstrated changes in phosphatidyl inositol levels. The inositol lipid kinase PIP4K2C was also identified as a STARD10 binding partner. STARD10 bound to inositides phosphorylated at the 3 position and solution of the crystal structure of STARD10 to 2.3 [A] resolution revealed a binding pocket capable of accommodating polyphosphoinositides.

ConclusionOur data indicate that STARD10 binds to, and may transport, phosphatidylinositides, influencing membrane lipid composition, insulin granule biosynthesis and insulin processing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Carrat, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haythorne, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haataja, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreas, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arvan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piunti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pullen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Georgiadou, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stylianides, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amirruddin, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salem, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Distaso, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cakebread, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heesom, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hodson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Briant, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fung, A. C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sessions, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alpy, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, A. P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benke, P. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torta, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teo, A. K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leclerc, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solimena, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wigley, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rutter, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.25.007286</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The type 2 diabetes gene product STARD10 is a phosphoinositide binding protein that controls insulin secretory granule biogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.03.31.017905v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neuroanatomy and Behaviour in Mice with a Haploinsufficiency of AT-Rich Interactive Domain 1B (ARID1B) Throughout Development 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.03.31.017905v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
One of the causal mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) is chromatin modification, and genes that regulate chromatin modify and control events regulating the formation of neural connections. AT-Rich Interactive Domain 1B (ARID1B), a chromatin modifier, has been shown to be reduced in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and to affect rare and inherited genetic variation in a broad set of NDDs. For this work, a novel preclinical mouse model of Arid1b deficiency was created and molecularly validated to characterize and define neuroanatomical, behavioural and transcriptional phenotypes. Brains of adult Arid1b+/- mice had a smaller cerebellum along with a larger hippocampus and corpus callosum. In addition, a notable sex dependence was observed throughout development; males had an early emergence of the neuroanatomical phenotype around postnatal day 7, whereas females had a delayed emergence of the phenotype around postnatal day 40. Behavioural assays relevant to NDD were conducted during neonatal development and adulthood to evaluate general health, anxiety-like, motor, cognitive, and social behaviours in Arid1b+/- mice. During neonatal development, Arid1b+/- mice exhibited robust impairments in ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) and metrics of developmental growth. As adults, Arid1b+/- mice showed low motor skills in open field exploration and normal three chambered approach. Arid1b+/- mice had learning and memory deficits in novel object recognition but surprisingly not in visual discrimination and reversal touchscreen tasks. Social interactions in the male-female social dyad with USVs revealed social deficits on some but not all parameters. No repetitive behaviours were observed. This study represents a full investigation of Arid1b+/- haploinsufficiency throughout development and highlights the importance of examining both sexes throughout development in NDDs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ellegood, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petkova, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wade, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandes, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindenmaier, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Creighton, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nutter, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nord, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silverman, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lerch, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.31.017905</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neuroanatomy and Behaviour in Mice with a Haploinsufficiency of AT-Rich Interactive Domain 1B (ARID1B) Throughout Development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.20.050542v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Desert Hedgehog-driven endothelium integrity is enhanced by Gas1 but negatively regulated by Cdon 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.20.050542v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Evidences accumulated within the past decades, identified Hedgehog (Hh) signaling as a new regulator of micro-vessel integrity. More specifically, we recently identified Desert Hedgehog (Dhh) as a downstream effector of Klf2 in endothelial cells (ECs).

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to investigate whether Hh co-receptors Gas1 and Cdon may be used as therapeutic targets to modulate Dhh signaling in ECs.

Methods and resultsWe demonstrated that both Gas1 and Cdon are expressed in adult ECs and relied on either siRNAs or EC specific conditional KO mice to investigate their role. We found that Gas1 deficiency mainly photocopies Dhh deficiency especially by inducing VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 overexpression while Cdon deficiency has opposite effects by promoting endothelial junction integrity. At a molecular level, Cdon prevents Dhh binding to Ptch1 and thus acts a decoy receptor for Dhh, while Gas1 promotes Dhh binding to Smo and as a result potentiates Dhh effects. Since Cdon is overexpressed in ECs treated by inflammatory cytokines including TNF and Il1{beta}, we then tested whether Cdon inhibition would promote endothelium integrity in acute inflammatory conditions and found that both fibrinogen and IgG extravasation were decreased in association with an increased Cdh5 expression in the brain cortex of EC specific Cdon KO mice administered locally with Il1{beta}.

ConclusionAltogether these results demonstrate that Gas1 is a positive regulator of Dhh in ECs while Cdon is a negative regulator. Interestingly Cdon blocking molecules may then be used to promote endothelium integrity at least in inflammatory conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chapouly, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hollier, P.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guimbal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cornuault, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gadeau, A.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renault, M.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.20.050542</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Desert Hedgehog-driven endothelium integrity is enhanced by Gas1 but negatively regulated by Cdon]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.20.051409v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Osteocyte Transcriptome Mapping Identifies a Molecular Landscape Controlling Skeletal Homeostasis and Susceptibility to Skeletal Disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.20.051409v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Osteocytes are master regulators of the skeleton. We mapped the transcriptome of osteocytes from different skeletal sites, across age and sexes in mice to reveal genes and molecular programs that control this complex cellular-network. We define an osteocyte transcriptome signature of 1239 genes that distinguishes osteocytes from other cells. 77% have no previously known role in the skeleton and are enriched for genes regulating neuronal network formation, suggesting this program is important in osteocyte communication. We evaluated 19 skeletal parameters in 733 knockout mouse lines and reveal 26 osteocyte transcriptome signature genes that control bone structure and function. We showed osteocyte transcriptome signature genes are enriched for human orthologs that cause monogenic skeletal disorders (P=2.4x10-22) and are associated with the polygenic diseases osteoporosis (P=1.8x10-13) and osteoarthritis (P=1.6x10-7). Thus, we reveal the molecular landscape that regulates osteocyte network formation and function and establish the importance of osteocytes in human skeletal disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Youlten, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kemp, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Logan, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghirardello, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sergio, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dack, M. R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guilfoyle, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leitch, V. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Butterfield, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Komla-Ebri, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chai, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corr, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonald, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quinn, J. M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGlade, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartonicek, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jansson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hatzikotoulas, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irving, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beleza-Meireles, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivadeneira, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duncan, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richards, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lelliott, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brink, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phan, T. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eisman, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeggini, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baldock, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bassett, J. H. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Croucher, P. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.20.051409</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Osteocyte Transcriptome Mapping Identifies a Molecular Landscape Controlling Skeletal Homeostasis and Susceptibility to Skeletal Disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.22.041087v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genes adapt to outsmart gene targeting strategies in mutant mouse strains by skipping exons to reinitiate transcription and translation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.22.041087v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene disruption in mouse embryonic stem cells or zygotes is a conventional genetics approach to identify gene function in vivo. However, because different gene-disruption strategies use different mechanisms to disrupt genes, the strategies can result in diverse phenotypes in the resulting mouse model. To determine whether different gene-disruption strategies affect the phenotype of resulting mutant mice, we characterized Rhbdf1 mouse mutant strains generated by three commonly used strategies--definitive-null, targeted knockout (KO)-first, and CRISPR/Cas9. We find that Rhbdf1 responds differently to distinct KO strategies, for example, by skipping exons and reinitiating translation to potentially yield gain-of-function alleles rather than the expected null or severe hypomorphic alleles. Our analysis also revealed that at least 4% of mice generated using the KO-first strategy show conflicting phenotypes, suggesting that exon skipping is a widespread phenomenon occurring across the genome. Additionally, our study emphasizes that at least 35% of mouse and 45% of human protein-coding genes could be predisposed to targeted KO-first- and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated unexpected translation. Our findings have significant implications for the application of genome editing in both basic research and clinical practice.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hosur, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Low, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stafford, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kohar, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shultz, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiles, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.22.041087</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genes adapt to outsmart gene targeting strategies in mutant mouse strains by skipping exons to reinitiate transcription and translation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.04.075853v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
LAMA: Automated image analysis for developmentalphenotyping of mouse embryos 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.04.075853v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Advanced 3D imaging modalities such as micro computed tomography (micro-CT), high resolution episcopic microscopy (HREM), and optical projection tomography (OPT) have been readily incorporated into high-throughput phenotyping pipelines, such as the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC). Such modalities generate large volumes of raw data that cannot be immediately harnessed without significant resources of manpower and expertise. Thus, rapid automated analysis and annotation is critical to ensure that 3D imaging data is able to be integrated with other multi-dimensional phenotyping data. To this end, we present an automated computational mouse phenotyping pipeline called LAMA, based on image registration, which requires minimal technical expertise and human input to use. Designed predominantly for developmental biologists, our software performs image pre-processing, registration, statistical and gene function annotation, and segmentation of 3D micro-CT data. We address several limitations of current methods and create an easy to use, fast solution application for mouse embryo phenotyping. We also present a highly granular, novel anatomical E14.5 (14.5 days post coitus) atlas of a population average that integrates with our pipeline to allow a range of dysmorphologies to be automatically annotated as well as results from the validation of the pipeline.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Horner, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venkataraman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casero, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teboul, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wells, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, S. D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Westerberg, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mallon, A.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.04.075853</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[LAMA: Automated image analysis for developmentalphenotyping of mouse embryos]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.13.091157v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
OpenStats: A Robust and Scalable Software Package for Reproducible Analysis of High-Throughput Phenotypic Data 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.13.091157v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Reproducibility in the statistical analyses of data from high-throughput phenotyping screens requires a robust and reliable analysis foundation that allows modelling of different possible statistical scenarios. Regular challenges are scalability and extensibility of the analysis software. In this manuscript, we describe OpenStats, a freely available software package that addresses these challenges. We show the performance of the software in a high-throughput phenomic pipeline in the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC) and compare the agreement of the results with the most similar implementation in the literature. OpenStats has significant improvements in speed and scalability compared to existing software packages including a 13-fold improvement in computational time to the current production analysis pipeline in the IMPC. Reduced complexity also promotes FAIR data analysis by providing transparency and benefiting other groups in reproducing and re-usability of the statistical methods and results. OpenStats is freely available under a Creative Commons license at www.bioconductor.org/packages/OpenStats.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Haselimashhadi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mason, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mallon, A.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smedley, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meehan, T. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parkinson, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.13.091157</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[OpenStats: A Robust and Scalable Software Package for Reproducible Analysis of High-Throughput Phenotypic Data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.14.095745v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Differential Effects of RASA3 Mutations on Hematopoiesis are Profoundly Influenced by Genetic Background and Molecular Variant 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.14.095745v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Studies of the severely pancytopenic scat mouse model first demonstrated the crucial role of RASA3, a dual RAS and RAP GTPase activating protein (GAP), in hematopoiesis. RASA3 is required for survival in utero; germline deletion is lethal at E12.5-13.5 due to severe hemorrhage and decreased fetal liver erythropoiesis. Conditional deletion in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) using Vav-Cre recapitulates the null phenotype demonstrating that RASA3 is required at the stem and progenitor level to maintain blood vessel development and integrity and effective blood production. In adults, bone marrow blood cell production and spleen stress erythropoiesis are suppressed significantly upon induction of RASA3 deficiency, leading to pancytopenia and death within two weeks. Notably, RASA3 missense mutations in mouse models scat (G125V) and hlb381 (H794L) show dramatically different hematopoietic consequences specific to both genetic background and molecular variant. Global transcriptomic studies in scat suggest potential targets to ameliorate disease progression.

Author SummaryHematopoiesis is the process by which blood cells are formed. The individual must have a normal complement of red blood cells to prevent anemia, platelets to control bleeding, and white blood cells to maintain immune functions. All blood cells are derived from hematopoietic stem cells that differentiate into progenitor cells that then develop into mature circulating cells. We studied several mouse strains carrying different mutations in RASA3. We show that RASA3 is required at the earliest stages of blood formation, the stem and progenitor cells, and that the complement of genes other than RASA3, or the genetic background of the mutant strain, profoundly alters the overall effect on blood formation. Further, the molecular nature of the mutation in RASA3 also has a profound and independent effect on overall blood formation. One strain, designated scat, suffers cyclic anemia characterized by severe anemic crisis episodes interspersed with remissions where the anemia significantly improves. Comparison of scat crisis and remission hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells reveals striking differences in gene expression. Analyses of these expression differences provide clues to processes that potentially drive improvement of anemia in scat and provide new avenues to pursue in future studies to identify novel therapeutics for anemia.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Robledo, R. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ciciotte, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graber, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lambert, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gwynn, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maki, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanc, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.14.095745</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Differential Effects of RASA3 Mutations on Hematopoiesis are Profoundly Influenced by Genetic Background and Molecular Variant]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.18.099200v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sexually dimorphic roles for the type 2 diabetes-associated C2cd4b gene in murine glucose homeostasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.18.099200v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Variants close to the VPS13C/C2CD4A/C2CD4B locus are associated with altered risk of type 2 diabetes in genome-wide association studies. Whilst previous functional work has suggested roles for VPS13C and C2CD4A in disease development, none has explored the role of C2CD4B. Here, we show that systemic inactivation of C2cd4b in mice leads to marked, but highly sexually dimorphic, changes in body weight and glucose homeostasis. Female C2cd4b mice display unchanged body weight but abnormal glucose tolerance and defective in vivo, but not in vitro, insulin secretion, associated with a marked decrease in follicle stimulating hormone levels. In sharp contrast, male C2cd4b null mice displayed normal glucose tolerance but an increase in body weight and fasting glycemia after maintenance on high fat diet. No metabolic disturbances were observed after global inactivation of C2cd4a in mice, or in pancreatic {beta} cell function at larval stages in C2cd4ab null zebrafish. These studies suggest that C2cd4b may act centrally to influence sex-dependent circuits which control pancreatic {beta} cell function and glucose tolerance in rodents. However, the absence of sexual dimorphism in the impact of diabetes risk variants argues for additional roles for C2CD4A or VPS13C in the control of glucose homeostasis in man.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mousavy-Gharavy, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Owen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Millership, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chabosseau, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pizza, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez-Sanchez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tasoez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Georgiadou, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fine, N. H. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacobson, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickerson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Idevall, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montoya, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kramer, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehta, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Withers, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ninov, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gadue, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cardenas-Diaz, F. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cruciani-Guglielmacci, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magnan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibberson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leclerc, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rutter, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.18.099200</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sexually dimorphic roles for the type 2 diabetes-associated C2cd4b gene in murine glucose homeostasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.22.110098v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeting the RHOA pathway improves learning and memory in Kctd13 and 16p11.2 deletion mouse models. 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.22.110098v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene copy number variants (CNV) have an important role in the appearance of neurodevelopmental disorders. Particularly, the deletion of the 16p11.2 locus is associated with autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, and several other features. Earlier studies highlighted the implication of Kctd13 genetic imbalance in the 16p11.2 deletion through the regulation of the RHOA pathway. Here, we target the pathway and rescue the cognitive phenotypes of the 16p11.2 deletion mouse models. We used a chronic administration of fasudil (HA1077), an inhibitor of the Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK), in mouse models carrying a heterozygous inactivation of Kctd13, or the deletion of the entire 16p11.2 BP4-BP5 region. We focused our attention on the most robust cognitive phenotypes seen in the 16p11.2 models and we showed that a chronic fasudil treatment can restore object recognition memory in both mouse models but does not change other behavioural traits. These findings confirm KCTD13 as one target gene causing cognitive deficits in 16p11.2 deletion patients, and the pertinence of the RHOA pathway as a therapeutic path and reinforce the contribution of other gene(s) involved in cognitive defects found in the 16p11.2 CNV models.

HIGHLIGHTS- Kctd13 haploinsufficiency recapitulates most of the behaviour phenotypes found in the 16p11.2 Del/+ models
- Fasudil treatment restores Kctd13 and 16p11.2 Del/+ mutant phenotypes in novel location and novel object recognition memory tests
- Fasudil treatment restores the RhoA pathway in Kctd13+/- and 16p11.2 Del/+ models
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Martin Lorenzo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nalesso, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chevalier, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Birling, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herault, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.22.110098</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeting the RHOA pathway improves learning and memory in Kctd13 and 16p11.2 deletion mouse models.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.23.106146v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sex and Power: sexual dimorphism in trait variability and its eco-evolutionary and statistical implications 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.23.106146v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biomedical and clinical sciences are experiencing a renewed interest in the fact that males and females differ in many anatomic, physiological, and behavioral traits. Sex differences in trait variability, however, are yet to receive similar recognition. In medical science, mammalian females are assumed to have higher trait variability due to estrous cycles (the  estrus-mediated variability hypothesis); historically in biomedical research, females have been excluded for this reason. Contrastingly, evolutionary theory and associated data support the  greater male variability hypothesis. Here, we test these competing hypotheses in 218 traits measured in >26,900 mice, using meta-analysis methods. Neither hypothesis could universally explain patterns in trait variability. Sex-bias in variability was trait-dependent. While greater male variability was found in morphological traits, females were much more variable in immunological traits. Sex-specific variability has eco-evolutionary ramifications including sex-dependent responses to climate change, as well as statistical implications including power analysis considering sex difference in variance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zajitschek, S. R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zajitschek, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonduriansky, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brooks, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cornwell, W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Falster, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lagisz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mason, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Senior, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noble, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakagawa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.23.106146</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sex and Power: sexual dimorphism in trait variability and its eco-evolutionary and statistical implications]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.02.129346v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Loss of coiled-coil protein Cep55 impairs abscission processes and results in p53-dependent apoptosis in developing cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.02.129346v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To produce a brain of normal size and structure, embryonic neural stem cell (NSCs) must tightly regulate their cell divisions. Cerebral cortex NSCs undergo a polarized form of cytokinesis whose regulation is poorly understood. Cytokinetic abscission severs the daughter cells and is mediated by the midbody at the apical membrane. Here we elucidate the role of the coiled-coil midbody protein Cep55 in NSC abscission and brain development. A knockout of Cep55 in mice causes microcephaly with reduced NSCs and neurons, but relatively normal body size. Fixed and live analyses show NSCs lacking Cep55 have decreased but not eliminated ESCRT recruitment, and have abnormal abscission and higher rates of failure. P53-mediated apoptosis is greatly increased in the brain, but not other tissues, and p53 knockout partly rescues brain size. Thus, loss of Cep55 causes abscission defects and failures in multiple cell types, but the secondary p53 response and apoptosis is brain-specific.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Little, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McNeely, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michel, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bott, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lettieri, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hecht, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dwyer, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.02.129346</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Loss of coiled-coil protein Cep55 impairs abscission processes and results in p53-dependent apoptosis in developing cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.22.165431v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Notch Regulates Vascular Collagen IV Basement Membrane Through Modulation of Lysyl Hydroxylase 3 Trafficking 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.22.165431v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SUMMARYDuring angiogenesis, endothelial cells secrete proteins that make up a planar protein network surrounding blood vessels termed basement membrane (BM). Collagen type IV (Col IV) is a BM protein associated with early blood vessel morphogenesis and is essential for blood vessel stability. To date, little is known about how endothelial cells mediate intracellular transport and selective secretion of Col IV. We have identified the GTPase Rab10 as a major regulator of Col IV vesicular trafficking during vascular development. Knockdown of Rab10 reduced de novo Col IV secretion in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, we determined that Rab10 is an indirect mediator of Col IV secretion, partnering with atypical Rab25 to deliver the enzyme lysyl hydroxylase 3 (LH3) to Col IV-containing vesicles staged for secretion. Loss of Rab10 or Rab25 resulted in depletion of LH3 from Col IV-containing vesicles and rapid lysosomal degradation of Col IV. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Rab10 activation is downstream of Notch signaling, indicating a novel connection between permissive Notch-based vessel maturation programs and vesicle trafficking. Overall, our results illustrate both a new trafficking-based component in the regulated secretion of Col IV and how this vesicle trafficking program interfaces with Notch signaling to fine-tune BM secretion during blood vessel development.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gross, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Webb, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peterlin, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durrant, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Judson, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kushner, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.22.165431</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Notch Regulates Vascular Collagen IV Basement Membrane Through Modulation of Lysyl Hydroxylase 3 Trafficking]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.24.169839v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systems genetics analyses in Diversity Outbred mice inform human bone mineral density GWAS and identify Qsox1 as a novel determinant of bone strength 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.24.169839v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for osteoporotic traits have identified over 1000 associations; however, their impact has been limited by the difficulties of causal gene identification and a strict focus on bone mineral density (BMD). Here, we used Diversity Outbred (DO) mice to directly address these limitations by performing the first systems genetics analysis of 55 complex skeletal phenotypes. We applied a network approach to cortical bone RNA-seq data to discover 72 genes likely to be causal for human BMD GWAS associations, including the novel genes SERTAD4 and GLT8D2. We also performed GWAS in the DO for a wide-range of bone traits and identified Qsox1 as a novel gene influencing cortical bone accrual and bone strength. Our results provide a new perspective on the genetics of osteoporosis and highlight the ability of the mouse to inform human genetics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Al-Barghouthi, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mesner, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calabrese, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brooks, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tommasini, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bouxsein, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horowitz, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosen, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haddox, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farber, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Onengut-Gumuscu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pomp, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farber, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.24.169839</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systems genetics analyses in Diversity Outbred mice inform human bone mineral density GWAS and identify Qsox1 as a novel determinant of bone strength]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.29.178020v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Active integrins regulate white adipose tissue insulin sensitivity and brown fat thermogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.29.178020v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Reorganization of the extracellular matrix is a prerequisite for healthy adipose tissue expansion, whereas fibrosis is a key feature of adipose dysfunction and inflammation. However, very little is known about the direct effects of impaired cell-matrix interaction in adipocyte function and insulin sensitivity. Using adipose selective deletion of {beta}1 integrin (Itgb1adipo-cre) and Kindlin-2 (Kind2adipo-cre), we demonstrate here that active {beta}1 and {beta}3 integrins directly interact with the insulin receptor to regulate white adipocyte insulin action and systemic metabolism. Consequently, loss of adipose integrin activity, similar to loss of adipose insulin receptors, results in lipodystrophy and systemic insulin resistance. Conversely, we find that brown adipose tissue of Kind2adipo-cre and Itgb1adipo-cre mice is chronically hyperactivated, and has increased substrate delivery, reduced endothelial basement membrane thickness, and increased endothelial vesicular transport. Thus, we establish integrin-extracellular matrix interactions as key regulators of white and brown adipose tissue function and whole body metabolism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ruiz-Ojeda, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baecker, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krueger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zamani, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosowski, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruber, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feuchtinger, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schulz, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faessler, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Müller, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Caceres, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathias, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ussar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.29.178020</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Active integrins regulate white adipose tissue insulin sensitivity and brown fat thermogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.12.199638v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cancer-associated fibroblasts in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma determine response to SLC7A11 inhibition 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.12.199638v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) are major contributors to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) progression, through pro-tumour cross-talk and the generation of fibrosis (physical barrier to drugs). CAF inhibition is thus an ideal component of any therapeutic approach for PDAC. SLC7A11 is a cystine transporter that has been identified as a potential therapeutic target in PDAC cells. However, no prior study has evaluated the role of SLC7A11 in PDAC tumour stroma and its prognostic significance. Herein we show that high expression of SLC7A11 in PDAC tumour stroma (but not tumour cells) is independently prognostic of poorer overall survival. We demonstrate using orthogonal approaches that PDAC-derived CAFs are highly dependent on SLC7A11 for cystine uptake and glutathione synthesis, and that SLC7A11 inhibition significantly decreases their proliferation, reduces their resistance to oxidative stress and inhibits their ability to remodel collagen and support PDAC cell growth. Importantly, our paradigm-shifting work demonstrates the need to inhibit SLC7A11 in the PDAC stroma, as genetic ablation of SLC7A11 in PDAC cells alone is not enough to reduce tumour growth. Finally, our work validates that a nano-based gene-silencing drug against SLC7A11, developed by our group, reduces PDAC tumour growth, CAF activation and fibrosis in a mouse model of PDAC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>George Sharbeen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshua A McCarroll</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anouschka Akerman</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chantal Kopecky</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janet Youkhana</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeff Holst</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cyrille Boyer</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mert Erkan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David Goldstein</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul Timpson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas R Cox</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brooke A Pereira</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jessica L Chitty</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sigrid Fey</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arafath K Najumudeen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrew D Campbell</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Owen J Sansom</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosa Mistica C Ignacio</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stephanie Naim</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jie Liu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson Russia</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Julia Lee</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angela Chou</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amber Johns</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anthony Gill</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Estrella Gonzales-Aloy</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>John Kokkinos</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Val Gebski</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nigel Turner</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minoti Apte</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas P Davis</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jennifer P Morton</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koroush Haghighi</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Australian Pancreatic Cancer Genome Initiative</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phoebe A Phillips</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.12.199638</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cancer-associated fibroblasts in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma determine response to SLC7A11 inhibition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.13.198283v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Collagen (I) homotrimer does not cause bone fragility but potentiates the osteogenesis imperfecta (oim) mutant allele 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.13.198283v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Type I collagen is the major structural component of bone where it exists as an (1)2(2)1 heterotrimer in all vertebrates. The osteogenesis imperfecta (oim) mouse model comprising solely homotrimeric (1)3 type I collagen, due to a dysfunctional 2 chain, has a brittle bone phenotype implying that the heterotrimeric form is required for physiological bone function. However, humans with rare null alleles preventing synthesis of the 2 chain have connective tissue and cardiovascular abnormalities (cardiac valvular Ehlers Danlos Syndrome), without evident bone fragility. Conversely a prevalent human single nucleotide polymorphism leading to increased homotrimer synthesis is associated with osteoporosis. Whilst the oim line is well-studied, whether homotrimeric type I collagen is functionally equivalent to the heterotrimeric form in bone has not been demonstrated. Col1a2 null and oim mouse lines were used in this study and bones analysed by microCT and 3-point bending. RNA was also extracted from heterozygote tissues and allelic discrimination analyses performed using qRT-PCR. Here we comprehensively show for the first time that mice lacking the 2(I) chain do not have impaired bone biomechanical or structural properties, unlike oim homozygous mice. However Mendelian inheritance was affected in male mice of both lines and male mice null for the 2 chain exhibited age-related loss of condition. The brittle bone phenotype of oim homozygotes could result from detrimental effects of the oim mutant allele, however, the phenotype of oim heterozygotes is known to be less severe. We used allelic discrimination to show that the oim mutant allele is not downregulated in heterozygotes. We then tested whether gene dosage was responsible for the less severe phenotype of oim heterozygotes by generating compound heterozygotes. Data showed that compound heterozygotes had impaired bone structural properties as compared to oim heterozygotes, albeit to a lesser extent than oim homozygotes. Hence, we concluded that the presence of heterotrimeric collagen-1 in oim heterozygotes alleviates the effect of the oim mutant allele but a genetic interaction between homotrimeric collagen-1 and the oim mutant allele leads to bone fragility.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rambault, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bou-Gharios, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clegg, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akhtar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Czanner, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van 't Hof, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Canty-Laird, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.13.198283</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Collagen (I) homotrimer does not cause bone fragility but potentiates the osteogenesis imperfecta (oim) mutant allele]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.03.234187v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GigaSOM.jl: High-perfomance clustering and visualization of huge cytometry datasets 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.03.234187v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe amount of data generated in large clinical and phenotyping studies that use single-cell cytometry is constantly growing. Recent technological advances allow to easily generate data with hundreds of millions of single-cell data points with more than 40 parameters, originating from thousands of individual samples. The analysis of that amount of high-dimensional data becomes demanding in both hardware and software of high-performance computational resources. Current software tools often do not scale to the datasets of such size; users are thus forced to down-sample the data to bearable sizes, in turn losing accuracy and ability to detect many underlying complex phenomena.

ResultsWe present GigaSOM.jl, a fast and scalable implementation of clustering and dimensionality-reduction for flow and mass cytometry data. The implementation of GigaSOM.jl in the high-level and high-performance programming language Julia makes it accessible to the scientific community, and allows for efficient handling and processing of datasets with billions of data points using distributed computing infrastructures. We describe the design of GigaSOM.jl, measure its performance and horizontal scaling capability, and showcase the functionality on a large dataset from a recent study.

ConclusionsGigaSOM.jl facilitates utilization of the commonly available high-performance computing resources to process the largest available datasets within minutes, while producing results of the same quality as the current state-of-art software. Measurements indicate that the performance scales to much larger datasets. The example use on the data from an massive mouse phenotyping effort confirms the applicability of GigaSOM.jl to huge-scale studies.

Key pointsO_LIGigaSOM.jl improves the applicability of FlowSOM-style single-cell cytometry data analysis by increasing the acceptable dataset size to billions of single cells.
C_LIO_LISignificant speedup over current methods is achieved by distributed processing and utilization of efficient algorithms.
C_LIO_LIGigaSOM.jl package includes support for fast visualization of multidimensional data.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kratochvil, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunewald, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heirendt, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verissimo, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vondrasek, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satagopam, V. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schneider, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trefois, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ollert, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.03.234187</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GigaSOM.jl: High-perfomance clustering and visualization of huge cytometry datasets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.15.252338v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human Embryonic Expression Identifies Novel Essential Gene Candidates 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.15.252338v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Disruption of essential genes leads to pregnancy loss, early lethality, or severe disease. Current methods to predict genes that underlie severe phenotypes include knockout animal model systems, evolutionary conservation, and variation intolerance metrics. With existing methods, human lethal genes are missed due to interspecies differences or paucity of gene characterization. We analyzed global gene expression in stages of early human development (1-cell to the blastocyst). These data were integrated with all 4049 current murine knockout phenotypes, genome-wide evolutionary gene conservation, and human genic intolerance metrics. We found that currently established human essential genes and orthologs of murine essential genes demonstrate higher gene expression across developmental stages compared to non-essential genes (Wilcoxon rank sum test, p<8.5e-10), indicating that higher expression correlates with essentiality. Of 1438 unique genes candidates with the highest expression, an estimated 1115 (78%) have not yet been associated with human disease and are thus novel candidates. The essential gene candidates concur with four prediction metrics, further supporting essentiality. We also assessed gene-specific expression changes during early development for their ability to predict essentiality. Genes that increase in expression were more likely to be essential (Fishers exact test, p<2.4e-06), suggesting that dynamic temporal expression during development may be particularly important. We find that embryonic gene expression can be used to prioritize genes that currently lack a Mendelian phenotype. Human embryonic gene expression is readily available, and applied as a novel tool, it may identify highly conserved processes vital in development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Penon Portmann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blair, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez-Alonso, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cakmak, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajkovic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shieh, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.15.252338</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human Embryonic Expression Identifies Novel Essential Gene Candidates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.18.256115v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cytoplasmic polyadenylation by TENT5A is required for proper bone formation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.18.256115v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Osteoblasts orchestrate bone formation by secreting dense, highly cross-linked type I collagen and other proteins involved in osteogenesis. Mutations in Col11, Col12, or collagen biogenesis factors lead to the human genetic disease, osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). Herein, we show that the TENT5A gene, whose mutation is responsible for poorly characterized type XVIII OI, encodes an active cytoplasmic poly(A) polymerase regulating osteogenesis. TENT5A is induced during osteoblast differentiation and TENT5A KO osteoblasts are defective in mineralization. The TENT5A KO mouse recapitulates OI disease symptoms such as bone fragility and hypomineralization. Direct RNA sequencing revealed that TENT5A polyadenylates and increases expression of Col11 and Col12 RNAs, as well as those of other genes mutated in OI, resulting in lower production and improper folding of collagen chains. Thus, we have identified the specific pathomechanism of XVIII OI and report for the first time a biologically relevant post-transcriptional regulator of collagen production. We further postulate that TENT5A, possibly together with its paralogue TENT5C, is responsible for the wave of cytoplasmic polyadenylation of mRNAs encoding secreted proteins occurring during bone mineralization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dziembowski, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gewartowska, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krawczyk, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mroczek, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kusio-Kobiałka, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tarkowski, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aranaz Novaliches, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spoutil, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benada, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kofronova, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szwedziak, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cysewski, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruchota, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szpila, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chlebowski, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sedlacek, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prochazka, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.18.256115</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cytoplasmic polyadenylation by TENT5A is required for proper bone formation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.28.272039v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
gEAR: gene Expression Analysis Resource portal for community-driven, multi-omic data exploration 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.28.272039v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The gEAR portal (gene Expression Analysis Resource, umgear.org) is an open access community-driven tool for multi-omic and multi-species data visualization, analysis and sharing. The gEAR supports visualization of multiple RNA-seq data types (bulk, sorted, single cell/nucleus) and epigenomics data, from multiple species, time points and tissues in a single-page, user-friendly browsable format. An integrated scRNA-seq workbench provides access to raw data of scRNA-seq datasets for de novo analysis, as well as marker-gene and cluster comparisons of pre-assigned clusters. Users can upload, view, analyze and privately share their own data in the context of previously published datasets. Short, permanent URLs can be generated for dissemination of individual or collections of datasets in published manuscripts. While the gEAR is currently curated for auditory research with over 90 high-value datasets organized in thematic profiles, the gEAR also supports the BRAIN initiative (via nemoanalytics.org) and is easily adaptable for other research domains.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Orvis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gottfried, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kancherla, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adkins, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dror, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olley, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rose, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chrysostomou, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelley, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milon, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matern, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azaiez, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herb, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colantuoni, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ament, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelley, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bravo, H. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahurkar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hertzano, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.28.272039</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[gEAR: gene Expression Analysis Resource portal for community-driven, multi-omic data exploration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.31.275511v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DYRK2 is a ciliary kinase involved 1 in vertebrate Hedgehog signal transduction 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.31.275511v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Primary cilia are organelles specialized for signaling. We previously defined the proteomes of sea urchin and sea anemone cilia to identify ciliary proteins that predate the origin of bilateria. This evolutionary perspective on cilia identified DYRK2, a kinase not been previously implicated in ciliary biology. We found that DYRK2 localizes to cilia and that loss of DYRK2 disrupts ciliary morphology. We also found that DYRK2 participates in ciliary Hh signal transduction, communicating between SMO and GLI transcription factors. Mutation of mouse Dyrk2 resulted in skeletal defects reminiscent of those caused by loss of Indian hedgehog (Ihh). Like Dyrk2 mutations, pharmacological inhibition of DYRK2 dysregulates ciliary length control and attenuates Hedgehog signaling. Thus, DYRK2 is required for ciliary morphology, for Hedgehog signaling in vitro, and for skeletal development. We propose that DYRK2 is part of the mechanism that transduces SMO to activate GLI transcription factors within cilia.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Morante, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sigg, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strauskulage, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raleigh, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reiter, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.31.275511</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DYRK2 is a ciliary kinase involved 1 in vertebrate Hedgehog signal transduction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.04.282731v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In silico candidate variant and gene identification using inbred mouse strains 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.04.282731v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mice are the most widely used animal model to study genotype to phenotype relationships. Inbred mice are genetically identical, which eliminates genetic heterogeneity and makes them particularly useful for genetic studies. Many different strains have been bred over decades and a vast amount of phenotypic data has been generated. In addition, recently whole genome sequencing-based genome-wide genotype data for many widely used inbred strains has been released. Here, we present an approach for in silico fine-mapping that uses genotypic data of 37 inbred mouse strains together with phenotypic data provided by the user to propose candidate variants and genes for the phenotype under study. Public genome-wide genotype data covering more than 74 million variant sites is queried efficiently in real-time to provide those variants that are compatible with the observed phenotype differences between strains. Variants can be filtered by molecular consequences and by corresponding molecular impact. Candidate gene lists can be generated from variant lists on the fly. Fine-mapping together with annotation or filtering of results is provided in a Bioconductor package called MouseFM. In order to characterize candidate variant lists under various settings, MouseFM was applied to two expression data sets across 20 inbred mouse strains, one from neutrophils and one from CD4+ T cells. Fine-mapping was assessed for about 10,000 genes, respectively, and identified candidate variants and haplotypes for many expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) reported previously based on these data. For albinism, MouseFM reports only one variant allele of moderate or high molecular impact that only albino mice share: a missense variant in the Tyr gene, reported previously to be causal for this phenotype. Performing in silico fine-mapping for interfrontal bone formation in mice using four strains with and five strains without interfrontal bone results in 12 genes. Of these, three are related to skull shaping abnormality. Finally performing fine-mapping for dystrophic cardiac calcification by comparing 9 strains showing the phenotype with 8 strains lacking it, we identify only one moderate impact variant in the known causal gene Abcc6. In summary, this illustrates the benefit of using MouseFM for candidate variant and gene identification.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Munz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khodaygani, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aherrahrou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Busch, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wohlers, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.04.282731</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In silico candidate variant and gene identification using inbred mouse strains]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.14.297234v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
COPB2 haploinsufficiency causes a coatopathy with osteoporosis and developmental delay 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.14.297234v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Coatomer complexes function in the sorting and trafficking of proteins between subcellular organelles. Pathogenic variants in coatomer subunits or associated factors have been reported in multi-systemic disorders, i.e., coatopathies, that can affect the skeletal and central nervous systems. We have identified loss-of-function variants in COPB2, a component of the coatomer complex I (COPI), in individuals presenting with osteoporosis, fractures and developmental delay of variable severity. Because the role of COPB2 in bone has not been characterized, we studied the effect of COPB2 deficiency on skeletal development in mice and zebrafish. Copb2+/- mice showed low bone mass and decreased bone strength. In zebrafish, larvae carrying a copb2 heterozygous frameshift variant showed delayed mineralization. copb2-null embryos showed endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi disorganization, and embryonic lethality. COPB2 siRNA-treated fibroblasts showed delayed collagen trafficking with retention of type I collagen in the ER and Golgi, and altered distribution of Golgi markers. Our data suggest that COPB2 haploinsufficiency leads to disruption of intracellular collagen trafficking and osteoporosis, which may improve with ascorbic acid supplementation. This work highlights the role of COPI complex as a critical regulator of bone mass and identifies a new form of coatopathy due to COPB2 deficiency.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Marom, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burrage, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clement, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanco-Sanchez, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venditti, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grafe, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenfeld, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sutton, V. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shinawi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirzaa, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeVile, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberts, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calder, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allgrove, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lanza, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joeng, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, I.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sliepka, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batkovshyte, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dawson, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, M.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munivez, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emrick, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murdock, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanchard, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zapata, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehta, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weis, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuzawa, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tremp, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillips, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wegner, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor-Miller, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibbs, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>muzny, d. m.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.14.297234</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[COPB2 haploinsufficiency causes a coatopathy with osteoporosis and developmental delay]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/236307v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Large-scale discovery of mouse transgenic integration sites reveals frequent structural variation and insertional mutagenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/236307v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transgenesis has been a mainstay of mouse genetics for over 30 years, providing numerous models of human disease and critical genetic tools in widespread use today. Generated through the random integration of DNA fragments into the host genome, transgenesis can lead to insertional mutagenesis if a coding gene or essential element is disrupted, and there is evidence that larger scale structural variation can accompany the integration. The insertion sites of only a tiny fraction of the thousands of transgenic lines in existence have been discovered and reported due in part to limitations in the discovery tools. Targeted Locus Amplification (TLA) provides a robust and efficient means to identify both the insertion site and content of transgenes through deep sequencing of genomic loci linked to specific known transgene cassettes. Here, we report the first large-scale analysis of transgene insertion sites from 40 highly used transgenic mouse lines. We show that the transgenes disrupt the coding sequence of endogenous genes in half of the lines, frequently involving large deletions and/or structural variations at the insertion site. Furthermore, we identify a number of unexpected sequences in some of the transgenes, including undocumented cassettes and contaminating DNA fragments. We demonstrate that these transgene insertions can have phenotypic consequences, which could confound certain experiments, emphasizing the need for careful attention to control strategies. Together, these data show that transgenic alleles display a high rate of potentially confounding genetic events, and highlight the need for careful characterization of each line to assure interpretable and reproducible experiments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Goodwin, L. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Splinter, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Urban, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braun, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chesler, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Min, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ndukum, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Philip, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reinholdt, L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Svenson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sasner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lutz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murray, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/236307</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Large-scale discovery of mouse transgenic integration sites reveals frequent structural variation and insertional mutagenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/311332v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The landscape of pervasive horizontal pleiotropy in human genetic variation is driven by extreme polygenicity of human traits and diseases 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/311332v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Horizontal pleiotropy, where one variant has independent effects on multiple traits, is important for our understanding of the genetic architecture of human phenotypes. We develop a method to quantify horizontal pleiotropy using genome-wide association summary statistics and apply it to 372 heritable phenotypes measured in 361,194 UK Biobank individuals. Horizontal pleiotropy is pervasive throughout the human genome, prominent among highly polygenic phenotypes, and enriched in active regulatory regions. Our results highlight the central role horizontal pleiotropy plays in the genetic architecture of human phenotypes. The HOrizontal Pleiotropy Score (HOPS) method is available on Github at https://github.com/rondolab/HOPS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jordan, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verbanck, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Do, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/311332</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The landscape of pervasive horizontal pleiotropy in human genetic variation is driven by extreme polygenicity of human traits and diseases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/388561v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Loss of Frrs1l disrupts synaptic AMPA receptor function, and results in neurodevelopmental, motor, cognitive and electrographical abnormalities 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/388561v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Summary statementIn this study, we show that the loss of the epilepsy-related gene Frrs1l in mice causes a dramatic reduction in AMPA receptor levels at the synapse. This change elicits severe motor and coordination disabilities, hyperactivity, cognitive defects, behavioural seizures and abnormal electroencephalographic (EEG) patterns.nnAbstractLoss of function mutations in the human AMPA receptor-associated protein, ferric chelate reductase 1-like (FRRS1L), are associated with a devastating neurological condition incorporating choreoathetosis, cognitive deficits and epileptic encephalopathies. Furthermore, evidence from overexpression and ex vivo studies have implicated FRRS1L in AMPA receptor biogenesis and assembly, suggesting that changes in glutamatergic signalling might underlie the disorder. Here, we investigated the neurological and neurobehavioural correlates of the disorder using a mouse Frrs1l null mutant. The study revealed several neurological defects that mirrored those seen in human patients. We established that mice lacking Frrs1l suffered from a broad spectrum of early-onset motor deficits with no progressive, age-related deterioration. Moreover, Frrs1l-/- mice were hyperactive irrespective of test environment, exhibited working memory deficits and displayed significant sleep fragmentation. Longitudinal electroencephalographic recordings also revealed abnormal EEG in Frrs1l-/- mice. Parallel investigations into disease aetiology identified a specific deficiency in AMPA receptor levels in the brain of Frrs1l-/- mice, while the general levels of several other synaptic components remained unchanged with no obvious alterations in the number of synapses. Furthermore, we established that Frrsl1 deletion results in glycosylation deficits in GLUA2 and GLUA4 AMPA receptor proteins, leading to cytoplasmic retention and a reduction of those specific AMPA receptor levels in the postsynaptic membrane. Overall, this study determines, for the first time in vivo, how loss of FRRS1L function can affect glutamatergic signalling and provides mechanistic insight into the development and progression of a human hyperkinetic disorder.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stewart, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lau, P. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banks, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bains, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castroflorio, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oliver, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixon, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kruer, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kullman, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acevedo-Arozena, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wells, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corrochano, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nolan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/388561</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Loss of Frrs1l disrupts synaptic AMPA receptor function, and results in neurodevelopmental, motor, cognitive and electrographical abnormalities]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/405985v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mutant Screen Reveals the Piccolo’s Control over Depression and Brain-Gonad Crosstalk 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/405985v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Successful sexual reproduction involves complex, genetically encoded interplay between animal physiology and behavior. The rat provides a highly fecund mammalian model for studying how the brain impacts reproduction. Here, we report a forward genetics screen in rats to identify genes that affect reproduction. A panel of 18 distinct rat strains harboring Sleeping Beauty gene trap mutations were analyzed for the ability to reproduce. As expected, our mutant screen identified genes where reproductive failure was connected to gametogenesis (Btrc, Pan3, Spaca6, Ube2k) and embryogenesis (Alk3, Exoc6b, Slc1a3, Tmx4, Zmynd8). In addition, we identified Ata13 (longevity) and Pclo (neuronal disorders), previously not associated with an inability to conceive. Neurologically, Pclo is known to regulate the size of presynaptic vesicle pools. Here, dominant traits in Pclo mutant rats caused epileptiform activity and affected genes supporting GABAergic synaptic transmission (Gabra6, Gabrg3). Recessive traits in Pclo mutant rats transmitted altered reproductive behavior, as homozygous Pclo mutant rats produced gametes but neither sex would mate with wildtype rats. Pclo mutant rat behavior was linked to endophenotypes signifying compromised brain-gonad crosstalk via disturbed GnRH signaling and allelic markers for major depressive disorder in humans (Grm5, Htr2a, Sorcs3, Negr1, Drd2). Thus, by rat genetics, we identified Pclo as a candidate presynaptic factor required for reproduction.

Author SummaryPiccolo gene mutations have previously been identified in human cohorts diagnosed with behavioral syndromes that impact ones emotions, including depression and bipolar disorder. Although studies in human populations implicate changes to Piccolos DNA sequence to enhanced susceptibility for behavioral disorders, studies in mouse models have yet to link Piccolo mutations to altered behavior. Here, by a novel genetics approach, we report Piccolo mutation-dependent effects on reproductive behavior in rats, a finding that may turn out to be relevant to the behavioral effects that are associated with human Piccolo gene mutations. Thus, research aimed at understanding how Piccolo functions to regulate reproduction in rats could prove pivotal in our ability to understand neurological mechanisms that influence human emotions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>A. Medrano, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>J. Plautz, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>B. Good, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>M. Chapman, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaudhary, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaichander, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>M. Powell, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pudasaini, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>M. Shelton, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>A. Richardson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, X.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivics, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braun, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ackermann, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>C. Garner, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Izsvak, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamra, F. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/405985</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mutant Screen Reveals the Piccolo’s Control over Depression and Brain-Gonad Crosstalk]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/517680v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Noninvasive sleep monitoring in large-scale screening of knock-out mice reveals novel sleep-related genes 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/517680v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sleep is a critical process that is well-conserved across mammalian species, and perhaps most animals, yet its functions and underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Identification of genes and pathways that can influence sleep may shed new light on these functions. Genomic screens enable the detection of previously unsuspected molecular processes that influence sleep. In this study, we report results from a large-scale phenotyping study of sleep-wake parameters for a population of single-gene knockout mice. Sleep-wake parameters were measured using a high throughput, non-invasive piezoelectric system called PiezoSleep. Knockout mice generated on a C57BL6/N (B6N) background were monitored for sleep and wake parameters for five days. By analyzing data from over 6000 mice representing 343 single gene knockout lines, we identified 122 genes influencing traits like sleep duration and bout length that have not been previously implicated in sleep, including those that affect sleep only during a specific circadian phase. PiezoSleep also allows assessment of breath rates during sleep and this was integrated as a supplemental tool in identifying aberrant physiology in these knockout lines. Sex differences were evident in both normal and altered sleep behavior. Through a combination of genetic and phenotypic associations, and known QTLs for sleep, we propose a set of candidate genes playing specific roles in sleep. The high "hit rate" demonstrates that many genes can alter normal sleep behaviors through a variety of mechanisms. Further investigation of these genes may provide insight into the pathways regulating sleep, functional aspects of sleep, or indirect potentially pathological processes that alter normal sleep.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Joshi, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sethi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Striz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cole, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Denegre, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lhamon, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agarwal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murray, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braun, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fardo, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donohue, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sunderam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chesler, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Svenson, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Hara, B. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/517680</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Noninvasive sleep monitoring in large-scale screening of knock-out mice reveals novel sleep-related genes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/579003v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hearing impairment due to Mir183/96/182 mutations suggests both loss and gain of function effects 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/579003v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The microRNA miR-96 is important for hearing, as point mutations in humans and mice result in dominant progressive hearing loss. Mir96 is expressed in sensory cells along with Mir182 and Mir183, but the roles of these closely-linked microRNAs are as yet unknown. Here we analyse mice carrying null alleles of Mir182, and of Mir183 and Mir96 together to investigate their roles in hearing. We found that Mir183/96 heterozygous mice had normal hearing and homozygotes were completely deaf with abnormal hair cell stereocilia bundles and reduced numbers of inner hair cell synapses at four weeks old. Mir182 knockout mice developed normal hearing then exhibited progressive hearing loss. Our transcriptional analyses revealed significant changes in a range of other genes, but surprisingly there were fewer genes with altered expression in the organ of Corti of Mir183/96 null mice compared with our previous findings in Mir96Dmdo mutants, which have a point mutation in the miR-96 seed region. This suggests the more severe phenotype of Mir96Dmdo mutants compared with Mir183/96 mutants, including progressive hearing loss in Mir96Dmdo heterozygotes, is likely to be mediated by the gain of novel target genes in addition to the loss of its normal targets. We propose three mechanisms of action of mutant miRNAs; loss of targets that are normally completely repressed, loss of targets whose transcription is normally buffered by the miRNA, and gain of novel targets. Any of these mechanisms could lead to a partial loss of a robust cellular identity and consequent dysfunction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lewis, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Domenico, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ingham, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prosser, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steel, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/579003</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hearing impairment due to Mir183/96/182 mutations suggests both loss and gain of function effects]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/624437v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A comprehensive plasma metabolomics dataset for a cohort of mouse knockouts within the international mouse phenotyping consortium 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/624437v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mouse knockouts allow studying gene functions. Often, multiple phenotypes are impacted when a gene is inactivated. The International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IPMC) has generated thousands of mouse knockouts and catalogued their phenotype data. We have acquired metabolomics data from 220 plasma samples of 30 mouse gene knockouts and corresponding wildtype mice from IMPC. To acquire comprehensive metabolomics data, we have used liquid chromatography (LC) combined with mass spectrometry (MS) for detecting polar and lipophilic compounds in an untargeted approach. We have also used targeted methods to measure bile acids, steroids and oxylipins. In addition, we have used gas chromatography GC-TOFMS for measuring primary metabolites. The metabolomics dataset reports 832 unique structurally identified metabolites from 124 chemical classes as determined by ChemRICH software. The GCMS and LCMS raw data files, intermediate and finalized data matrices, R-Scripts, annotation databases and extracted ion chromatograms are provided in this data descriptor. The dataset can be used for subsequent studies to link genetic variants with molecular mechanisms and phenotypes.nnData SetThe dataset is available at the MetabolomicsWorkbench repository (accession ID: ST001154)nnData Set Licenselicense under which the data set is made available (CC0).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barupal, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberts, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fitzgerald, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wancewicz, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valdiviez, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wohlgemuth, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Byram, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choy, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haffner, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Showalter, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaniya, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bloszies, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Folz, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kind, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiehn, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/624437</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A comprehensive plasma metabolomics dataset for a cohort of mouse knockouts within the international mouse phenotyping consortium]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/647008v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Progressive myoclonic epilepsy-associated gene Kctd7 regulates retinal neurovascular patterning and function 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/647008v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuron function relies on and instructs the development and precise organization of neurovascular units that in turn support circuit activity. However, our understanding of the molecular cues that regulate this relationship remains sparse. Using a high-throughput screening pipeline, we recently identified several new regulators of vascular patterning. Among these was the potassium channel tetramerization domain-containing protein 7 (KCTD7). Mutations in KCTD7 are associated with progressive myoclonic epilepsy, but how KCTD7 regulates neural development and function remains poorly understood. To begin to identify such mechanisms, we focus on mouse retina, a tractable part of the central nervous system that contains precisely ordered neuron subtypes supported by a trilaminar intravascular network. We find that deletion of Kctd7 results in defective patterning of the adult retina vascular network, resulting in increased branching, vessel length, and lacunarity. These alterations reflect early and specific defects in vessel development, as emergence of the superficial and deep vascular layers were delayed. These defects are likely due to a role for Kctd7 in inner retina neurons. Kctd7 it is absent from vessels but present in neurons in the inner retina, and its deletion resulted in a corresponding increase in the number of bipolar cells in development and increased vessel branching in adults. These alterations were accompanied by retinal function deficits. Together, these data suggest that neuronal Kctd7 drives growth and patterning of the vasculature and suggest that neurovascular interactions may participate in the pathogenesis of KCTD7-related human diseases.nnAlevy et al. Highlights O_LIKctd7 is required for normal retinal vascular organization and retinal function in adults.nC_LIO_LIDeletion of Kctd7 disrupts the emergence of the superficial and deep vessel layers.nC_LIO_LIKctd7 may impact vascular patterning through influencing neurons as it is expressed in and regulates bipolar cells.nC_LIO_LIKctd7 driven neurovascular interactions may participate in the pathogenesis of KCTD7-related human diseases.nC_LInnLay SummaryNeuron function requires an organized vasculature to maintain brain health and prevent disease, but many neurovasculature regulatory genes remain unknown. Alevy et al. identify the progressive myoclonic epilepsy-associated gene Kctd7 as a key regulator of vascular development and retinal function. They further show that Kctd7 regulation of vessel patterning likely occurs downstream of its role in regulating the development or activity of specific neuron types. These data suggest that KCTD7-regulated neurovascular interactions may participate in the pathogenesis of associated human diseases.nnnnO_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=80 SRC="FIGDIR/small/647008v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">nView larger version (37K):norg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@176b8eorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1967120org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1dcf4e5org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@151fce2_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alevy, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burger, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albrecht, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samuel, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/647008</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Progressive myoclonic epilepsy-associated gene Kctd7 regulates retinal neurovascular patterning and function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/656652v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nubp2 is required for cranial neural crest survival in the mouse. 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/656652v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) forward genetic screen is a useful tool for the unbiased discovery of novel mechanisms regulating developmental processes. We recovered the dorothy mutation in such a screen designed to recover recessive mutations affecting craniofacial development in the mouse. Dorothy embryos die prenatally and exhibit many striking phenotypes commonly associated with ciliopathies, including a severe midfacial clefting phenotype. We used exome sequencing to discover a missense mutation in Nucleotide Binding Protein 2 (Nubp2) to be causative. This finding was confirmed with a complementation analysis between the dorothy allele and a Nubp2 null allele (Nubp2Null). We demonstrate that Nubp2 is indispensable for embryogenesis. NUBP2 is implicated in both the Cytosolic Iron/Sulfur cluster Assembly (CIA) pathway and in the negative regulation of ciliogenesis. Conditional ablation of Nubp2 in the neural crest lineage with Wnt1-cre recapitulates the dorothy craniofacial phenotype. Using this model, we found that the proportion of ciliated cells in the craniofacial mesenchyme was unchanged, and that markers of the Shh, Fgf, and Bmp signaling pathways are unaltered. Finally, we show that the phenotype results from a marked increase in apoptosis within the craniofacial mesenchyme.nnSummary StatementAn ENU screen identifies a novel allele of Nubp2 which is then demonstrated to be required for cranial neural crest survival and proper midfacial development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>DiStasio, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paulding, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chatuverdi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stottmann, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/656652</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nubp2 is required for cranial neural crest survival in the mouse.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/656678v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Soft Windowing Application to Improve Analysis of High-throughput Phenotyping Data 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/656678v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationHigh-throughput phenomic projects generate complex data from small treatment and large control groups that increase the power of the analyses but introduce variation over time. A method is needed to utlize a set of temporally local controls that maximises analytic power while minimising noise from unspecified environmental factors.nnResultsHere we introduce "soft windowing", a methodological approach that selects a window of time that includes the most appropriate controls for analysis. Using phenotype data from the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC), adaptive windows were applied such that control data collected proximally to mutants were assigned the maximal weight, while data collected earlier or later had less weight. We applied this method to IMPC data and compared the results with those obtained from a standard non-windowed approach. Validation was performed using a resampling approach in which we demonstrate a 10% reduction of false positives from 2.5 million analyses. We applied the method to our production analysis pipeline that establishes genotype-phenotype associations by comparing mutant versus control data. We report an increase of 30% in significant p-values, as well as linkage to 106 versus 99 disease models via phenotype overlap with the soft windowed and non-windowed approaches, respectively, from a set of 2,082 mutant mouse lines. Our method is generalisable and can benefit large-scale human phenomic projects such as the UK Biobank and the All of Us resources.nnAvailability and ImplementationThe method is freely available in the R package SmoothWin, available on CRAN http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=SmoothWin.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Haselimashhadi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mason, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munoz-Fuentes, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Gomez, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Babalola, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acar, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flenniken, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Straiton, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seavitt, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaspero, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garza, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christianson, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reynolds, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lanza, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorenzo, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Green, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallegos, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bohat, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samaco, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veeraragavan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuchs, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garrett, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becker, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clary, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tamura, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanaka, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soo, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bezginov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bou About, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Champy, M.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasseur, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leblanc, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meziane, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Selloum, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reilly, P. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spielmann,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/656678</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Soft Windowing Application to Improve Analysis of High-throughput Phenotyping Data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/657981v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tolerance of nonsynonymous variation is closely correlated between human and mouse orthologues 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/657981v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genic constraint describes how tolerant a gene is of nonsynonymous variation before it is removed from the population by negative selection. Here, we provide the first estimates of intraspecific constraint for mouse genes genome-wide, and show constraint is positively correlated between human and mouse orthologues (r = 0.806). We assess the relationships between mouse gene constraint and knockout phenotypes, showing gene constraint is positively associated with pleiotropy (ie an increased number of phenotype associations (R2 = 0.65)), in addition to an enrichment in lethal, developmental, and craniofacial knockout phenotypes amongst the most constrained genes. Finally, we show mouse constraint can be used to predict human genes associated with Mendelian disease, and is positively correlated with an increase in the number of known pathogenic variants in the human orthologue (R2 = 0.23). Our metrics of mouse and human constraint are available to inform future research using mouse models.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Powell, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pulit, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mallon, A.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindgren, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/657981</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tolerance of nonsynonymous variation is closely correlated between human and mouse orthologues]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/677831v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GDF15 and the beneficial actions of metformin in pre-diabetes 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/677831v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metformin, the worlds most prescribed anti-diabetic drug, is also effective in preventing Type 2 diabetes in people at high risk, by lowering body weight, fat mass and circulating insulin levels through mechanisms that are incompletely understood. Recent observational studies reporting the association of metformin use and circulating levels of GDF15 led us to hypothesize that GDF15, which signals through a specific receptor complex in the hindbrain to reduce body weight, might mediate these effects. We measured GDF15 in people without diabetes from a randomized placebo-controlled trial of metformin. Over 18 months, participants allocated metformin lost significant weight and levels of GDF15 were persistently elevated compared to placebo. The change in plasma GDF15 in this study correlated positively with weight loss. In wild-type mice, oral metformin increased circulating GDF15 with GDF15 expression increasing predominantly in the distal intestine and the kidney. Metformin prevented weight gain in response to high fat diet in wild-type mice but not in mice lacking GDF15 or its receptor GFRAL. In obese, high fat-fed mice, the effects of metformin to reduce body weight were reversed by a GFRAL antagonist antibody. Metformin had effects on both energy intake and energy expenditure that required GDF15. The insulin sensitising effects of metformin determined by insulin tolerance were abolished in mice lacking GDF15. Metformin significantly reduced fasting glucose and insulin levels in wild type but not in mice lacking GDF15. In summary, metformin increases the circulating levels of GDF15, which appears to be necessary for many of its actions as a metabolic chemopreventive agent.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Coll, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taskar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rimmington, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tadross, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cimino, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welsh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Virtue, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldspink, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miedzybrodzka, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tung, Y. C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez-Cuenca, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomaz, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harding, H. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melvin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preiss, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vidal-Puig, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vallier, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ron, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gribble, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reimann, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sattar, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savage, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allan, B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Rahilly, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/677831</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GDF15 and the beneficial actions of metformin in pre-diabetes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/688010v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-throughput phenotyping reveals expansive genetic and structural underpinnings of immune variation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/688010v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
By developing a high-density murine immunophenotyping platform compatible with high-throughput genetic screening, we have established profound contributions of genetics and structure to immune variation. Specifically, high-throughput phenotyping of 530 knockout mouse lines identified 140 monogenic "hits" (>25%), most of which had never hitherto been implicated in immunology. Furthermore, they were conspicuously enriched in genes for which humans show poor tolerance to loss-of-function. The immunophenotyping platform also exposed dense correlation networks linking immune parameters with one another and with specific physiologic traits. By limiting the freedom of individual immune parameters, such linkages impose genetically regulated "immunological structures", whose integrity was found to be associated with immunocompetence. Hence, our findings provide an expanded genetic resource and structural perspective for understanding and monitoring immune variation in health and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Abeler-Dörner, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laing, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorenc, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ushakov, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clare, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Speak, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duque, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramirez-Solis, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saran, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bull, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moron, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iwasaki, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barton, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caetano, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hng, K. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cambridge, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crockford, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffiths, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kane, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harcourt, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandt, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Notley, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Babalola, K. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warren, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mason, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meeniga, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karp, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melvin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cawthorne, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weinrick, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahim, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drissler, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meskas, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yue, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lux, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song-Zhao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ballesteros Reviriego, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abeler, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Przemska-Kosicka, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edmans, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stre</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/688010</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-throughput phenotyping reveals expansive genetic and structural underpinnings of immune variation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/693937v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Variants in the degron of AFF3 cause a multi-system disorder with mesomelic dysplasia, horseshoe kidney and developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/693937v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ALF transcription factor paralogs, AFF1, AFF2, AFF3 and AFF4, are components of the transcriptional super elongation complex that regulates expression of genes involved in neurogenesis and development. We describe a new autosomal dominant disorder associated with de novo missense variants in the degron of AFF3, a nine amino acid sequence important for its degradation. Consistent with a causative role of AFF3 variants, the mutated AFF3 proteins show reduced clearance. Ten affected individuals were identified, and present with a recognizable pattern of anomalies, which we named KINSSHIP syndrome (KI for horseshoe KIdney, NS for Nievergelt/Savarirayan type of mesomelic dysplasia, S for Seizures, H for Hypertrichosis, I for Intellectual disability and P for Pulmonary involvement), partially overlapping the AFF4 associated CHOPS syndrome. An eleventh individual with a microdeletion encompassing only the transactivation domain and degron motif of AFF3 exhibited overlapping clinical features. A zebrafish overexpression model that shows body axis anomalies provides further support for the pathological effect of increased amount of AFF3 protein.nnWhereas homozygous Aff3 knockout mice display skeletal anomalies, kidney defects, brain malformation and neurological anomalies, knock-in animals modeling the microdeletion and the missense variants identified in affected individuals presented with lower mesomelic limb deformities and early lethality, respectively.nnTranscriptome analyses as well as the partial phenotypic overlap of syndromes associated with AFF3 and AFF4 variants suggest that ALF transcription factors are not redundant in contrast to what was previously suggested
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Voisin, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schnur, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Douzgou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hiatt, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rustad, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Earl, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levchenko, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geuer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amor, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brusco, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bebin, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cappuccio, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charrow, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chatron, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dadali, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delafontaine, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Del Giudice, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Douglas, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Funari, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giannuzzi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guex, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heron, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holla, O. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hurst, A. C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juusola, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kronn, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavrov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merckoll, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mikhaleva, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pradervand, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanders, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sirchia, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takenouchi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanaka, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taska-Tench, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tonne, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tveten, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vitiello, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uehara, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nava, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Y</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/693937</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Variants in the degron of AFF3 cause a multi-system disorder with mesomelic dysplasia, horseshoe kidney and developmental and epileptic encephalopathy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/715037v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Autophagy dark genes: Can we find them with machine learning? 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/715037v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Identifying novel genes associated with autophagy (ATG) in man remains an important task for gaining complete understanding on this fundamental physiological process. A machine-learning guided approach can highlight potentially "missing pieces" linking core autophagy genes with understudied, "dark" genes that can help us gain deeper insight into these processes. In this study, we used a set of 103 (out of 288 genes from the Autophagy Database, ATGdb), based on the presence of ATG-associated terms annotated from 3 secondary sources: GO (gene ontology), KEGG pathway and UniProt keywords, respectively. We regarded these as additional confirmation for their importance in ATG. As negative labels, we used the OMIM list of genes associated with monogenic diseases (after excluding the 288 ATG-associated genes). Data associated with these genes from 17 different public sources were compiled and used to derive a Meta Path/XGBoost (MPxgb) machine learning model trained to distinguish ATG and non-ATG genes (10-fold cross-validated, 100-times randomized models, median AUC = 0.994 +/- 0.0084). Sixteen ATG-relevant variables explain 64% of the total model gain, and 23% of the top 251 predicted genes are annotated in ATGdb. Another 15 genes have potential ATG associations, whereas 193 do not. We suggest that some of these 193 genes may represent "autophagy dark genes", and argue that machine learning can be used to guide autophagy research in order to gain a more complete functional and pathway annotation of this complex process.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Oprea, T. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Byrd, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deretic, V. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/715037</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Autophagy dark genes: Can we find them with machine learning?]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/720839v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
AutoPVS1: An automatic classification tool for PVS1 interpretation of null variants 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/720839v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Null variants are prevalent within human genome, and their accurate interpretation is critical for clinical management. In 2018, the ClinGen Sequence Variant Interpretation (SVI) Working Group refined the only criterion (PVS1) for pathogenicity in the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology (ACMG/AMP) guidelines. The refinement may improve interpretation consistency, but it also brings hurdles to biocurators because of the complicated workflows and multiple bioinformatics sources required. To address these issues, we developed an automatic classification tool called AutoPVS1 to streamline PVS1 interpretation. We assessed the performance of AutoPVS1 using 56 variants manually curated by ClinGens SVI Working Group and achieved an interpretation concordance of 95% (53/56). A further analysis of 28,586 putative loss-of-function variants by AutoPVS1 demonstrated that at least 27.6% of them do not reach a very strong strength level, with 17.4% based on variant-specific issues and 10.2% on disease mechanism considerations. Moreover, 40.7% (1,918/4,717) of splicing variants were assigned a decreased PVS1 strength level, significantly higher than frameshift and nonsense variants. Our results reinforce the necessity of considering variant-specific issues and disease mechanisms in variant interpretation, and demonstrate that AutoPVS1 is an accurate, reproducible, and reliable tool which facilitates PVS1 interpretation and will thus be of great importance to curators.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xiang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/720839</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[AutoPVS1: An automatic classification tool for PVS1 interpretation of null variants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/724104v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cornichon Homolog-3 (CNIH3) Modulates Spatial Memory in Female Mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/724104v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cornichon homolog-3 (CNIH3) is an AMPA receptor (AMPAR) auxiliary protein that traffics AMPARs to the postsynaptic membrane and potentiates AMPAR signaling. AMPARs are key components of hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory formation, however the role of CNIH3 in memory has yet to be elucidated. To study the role of CNIH3 on mouse behavior, we bred and characterized a line of Cnih3-/- mice from C57BL/6 Cnih3tm1a(KOMP)Wtsi mice obtained from the Knockout Mouse Project (KOMP). In agreement with previous studies of CNIH3 in the brain, we observed concentrated expression of Cnih3 in the dorsal hippocampus, a region associated with spatial learning and memory. Therefore, we tested Cnih3+/+, Cnih3+/-, and Cnih3-/- mice in the Barnes maze paradigm to measure spatial memory. We observed no change in spatial memory in male Cnih3+/- and Cnih3-/- mice compared to male Cnih3+/+ controls, however, Cnih3-/- female mice made significantly more primary errors, had a higher primary latency, and took less efficient routes to the target in the maze compared to Cnih3+/+ female mice. Next, to investigate an enhancement of spatial memory by Cnih3 overexpression, specifically in the dorsal hippocampus, we developed an AAV5 viral construct to express wild-type Cnih3 in excitatory neurons. Female mice overexpressing Cnih3 made significantly fewer errors, had a lower primary latency to the target, and took more efficient routes to the maze target compared to YFP expressing control females. No change in spatial memory was observed in male Cnih3 overexpression mice. This study, the first to identify sex-specific effects of the AMPAR auxiliary protein CNIH3 on spatial memory, provides the groundwork for future studies investigating the role of CNIH3 on sexually dimorphic AMPAR-dependent behavior and hippocampal synaptic plasticity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Frye, H. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trousdale, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dougherty, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moron, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/724104</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cornichon Homolog-3 (CNIH3) Modulates Spatial Memory in Female Mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/753970v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted protection against murine cytomegalovirus requires missing-self recognition by the natural killer cell inhibitory Ly49 receptors 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/753970v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Viruses have evolved strategies that highlight critical, intertwined host immune mechanisms. As postulated by the missing-self hypothesis, natural killer (NK) cells and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I)-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) have opposing requirements for ubiquitously expressed MHC-I molecules. Since NK cell MHC-I-specific Ly49 inhibitory receptors prevent killing of cells with normal MHC-I, viruses evading CTLs by down-regulating MHC-I should be vulnerable to NK cells. However, definitive integrated in vivo evidence for this interplay has been lacking, in part due to receptor polymorphism and a proposed second function of Ly49 receptors in licensing NK cells via self-MHC-I. Here we generated mice lacking specific Ly49 inhibitory receptors to show their essential role in licensing and controlling murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection in vivo in an MHC-restricted manner. When MCMV cannot down-regulate MHC-I, NK cells cannot control infection that instead is mediated by CTLs, as predicted by the missing-self hypothesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Parikh, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bern, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piersma, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beckman, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poursine-Laurent, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plougastel-Douglas, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yokoyama, W. M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/753970</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted protection against murine cytomegalovirus requires missing-self recognition by the natural killer cell inhibitory Ly49 receptors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/763888v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Disruption of Capn15 in mice leads to brain and eye deficits 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/763888v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Small Optic Lobe (SOL) family of calpains are intracellular cysteine proteases that are expressed in the nervous system and play an important role in neuronal development in both Drosophila, where loss of this calpain leads to the eponymous small optic lobes, and in mouse and human, where loss of this calpain leads to eye anomalies. Some human individuals with biallelic variants in CAPN15 also have developmental delay and autism. However, neither the specific effect of the loss of the Capn15 protein on brain development nor the brain regions where this calpain is expressed in the adult is known. Here we show using small animal MRI that mice with the complete loss of Capn15 have smaller brains overall with larger decreases in the thalamus and subregions of the hippocampus. These losses are not seen in Capn15 conditional KO mice where Capn15 is knocked out only in excitatory neurons in the adult. Based on {beta}-galactosidase expression in an insert strain where lacZ is expressed under the control of the Capn15 promoter, we show that Capn15 is expressed in adult mice, particularly in neurons involved in plasticity such as the hippocampus, lateral amygdala and Purkinje neurons, and partially in other non-characterized cell types. The regions of the brain in the adult where Capn15 is expressed do not correspond well to the regions of the brain most affected by the complete knockout suggesting distinct roles of Capn15 in brain development and adult brain function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zha, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farah, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fonov, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holt, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ceroni, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ragges, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rudko, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sossin, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/763888</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Disruption of Capn15 in mice leads to brain and eye deficits]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/765404v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interferon stimulated genes mark pathogenic cells of the emergency myelopoietic response to sterile tissue injury in mice and humans 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/765404v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sterile tissue injury locally activates innate immune responses via interactions with damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Here, by analyzing [~]120K single cell transcriptomes after myocardial infarction (MI) in mice and humans, we show neutrophil and monocyte subsets induce type I interferon (IFN) stimulated genes (ISGs) in myeloid progenitors of the bone marrow, far from the site of injury. In patients with acute MI, peripheral blood neutrophils and monocytes express ISGs at levels far beyond healthy individuals and comparable to patients with lupus. In the bone marrow of Tet2-/- mice, ISGs are spontaneously induced in myeloid progenitors and their progeny. In the heart, IFN responses are negatively regulated by Ccr2- resident macrophages in a Nrf2-dependent fashion. Our results show post-MI IFN signaling begins in the bone marrow, implicate multiple transcription factors in its regulation (Tet2, Irf3, Nrf2), and provide a clinical biomarker (ISG score) for studying post-MI IFN signaling in patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ng, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calcagno, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toomu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguirre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniels, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/765404</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interferon stimulated genes mark pathogenic cells of the emergency myelopoietic response to sterile tissue injury in mice and humans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/789065v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Next generation sequencing reveals NRAP as a candidate gene for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in elderly patients 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/789065v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic disorder that affects people of all ages, with the elderly population being inadequately studied. It is primarily caused by gene variants that encode proteins involved in the structure and function of the heart muscle. The identification of genes associated with elderly HCM requires ethnic-specific genomic sequences from Wellderly individuals. Currently, no Indian Wellderly dataset is available. To address this, we collected and sequenced the Indian Wellderly population. We built a novel Indian database of healthy aging nucleotide sequences (named i-DHANS) and is newly accessible at IndiCardiome. Utilizing this database and Indian HCM cohort, we identified nebulin-related anchoring protein (NRAP) as a gene associated with elderly HCM. NRAP is crucial for the assembly of myofibrils and transmission of force from the sarcomere to the extracellular matrix. Our functional analysis showed that the identified NRAP variant had significantly reduced interactions with its interacting partners, such as Kelch-like protein 41 (KLHL41) and -actinin, implying a loss of function. In summary, our findings indicate that NRAP is a new elderly cardiomyopathy gene, and our Indian Wellderly database is a valuable resource for identifying ethnic-specific genes for various diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sharma, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koranchery, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajendran, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohanan, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shenthar, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perundurai, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/789065</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Next generation sequencing reveals NRAP as a candidate gene for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in elderly patients]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/803197v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of a core module for bone mineral density through the integration of a co-expression network and GWAS data 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/803197v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recently, the "omnigenic" model of the genetic architecture of complex traits proposed two general categories of causal genes, core and peripheral. Core genes are hypothesized to play a direct role in regulating disease; thus, their identification has the potential to reveal critical regulators and novel therapeutic targets. Here, we sought to identify genes with "core-like" characteristics for bone mineral density (BMD), one of the most significant predictors of osteoporotic fracture. This was accomplished by analyzing genome-wide association study (GWAS) data through the lens of a cell-type and timepoint-specific gene co-expression network for mineralizing osteoblasts. We identified a single co-expression network module that was enriched for genes implicated by GWAS and partitioned BMD heritability, correlated with in vitro osteoblast mineralization, and enriched for genes, which when mutated in humans or mice, led to a skeletal phenotype. Further characterization of this module identified four novel genes (B4GALNT3, CADM1, DOCK9, and GPR133) located within BMD GWAS loci with colocalizing expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) and altered BMD in mouse knockouts, suggesting they are causal genetic drivers of BMD in humans. Our network-based approach identified a "core" module for BMD and provides a resource for expanding our understanding of the genetics of bone mass.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sabik, O. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calabrese, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taleghani, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ackert-Bicknell, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farber, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/803197</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of a core module for bone mineral density through the integration of a co-expression network and GWAS data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/836221v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Accelerating functional gene discovery in osteoarthritis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/836221v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Osteoarthritis causes debilitating pain and disability, resulting in a huge socioeconomic burden, yet no drugs are available that prevent disease onset or progression. Here, we develop, validate and use rapid-throughput imaging techniques to identify abnormal joint phenotypes in unselected mutant mice generated by the International Knockout Mouse Consortium. We identify 14 genes with functional involvement in osteoarthritis pathogenesis, including the homeobox gene Pitx1, and functionally characterize 6 candidate human osteoarthritis genes in mouse models. We demonstrate sensitivity of the methods by identifying age-related degenerative joint damage in wild-type mice. Finally, we generate mutant mice with an osteoarthritis-associated polymorphism in the Dio2 gene by Crispr/Cas9 genome editing and demonstrate a protective role in disease onset with public health implications. This expanding resource of unselected mutant mice will transform the field by accelerating functional gene discovery in osteoarthritis and offering unanticipated drug discovery opportunities for this common and incapacitating chronic disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Butterfield, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curry, K. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dewhurst, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Komla-Ebri, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mannan, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adoum, A.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leitch, V. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Logan, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waung, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghirardello, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Southam, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Youlten, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilkinson, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McAninch, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vancollie, V. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kussy, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lelliott, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacques, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bianco, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyde, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeggini, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Croucher, P. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bassett, J. H. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/836221</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Accelerating functional gene discovery in osteoarthritis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/839076v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A big-data approach to understanding metabolic rate and response to obesity in laboratory mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/839076v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Maintaining a healthy body weight requires an exquisite balance between energy intake and energy expenditure. In humans and in laboratory mice these factors are experimentally measured by powerful and sensitive indirect calorimetry devices. To understand the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to the regulation of body weight, an important first step is to establish the normal range of metabolic values and primary sources contributing to variability in results. Here we examine indirect calorimetry results from two experimental mouse projects, the Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Centers and International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium to develop insights into large-scale trends in mammalian metabolism. Analysis of nearly 10,000 wildtype mice revealed that the largest experimental variances are consequences of institutional site. This institutional effect on variation eclipsed those of housing temperature, body mass, locomotor activity, sex, or season. We do not find support for the claim that female mice have greater metabolic variation than male mice. An analysis of these factors shows a normal distribution for energy expenditure in the phenotypic analysis of 2,246 knockout strains and establishes a reference for the magnitude of metabolic changes. Using this framework, we examine knockout strains with known metabolic phenotypes. We compare these effects with common environmental challenges including age, and exercise. We further examine the distribution of metabolic phenotypes exhibited by knockout strains of genes corresponding to GWAS obesity susceptibility loci. Based on these findings, we provide suggestions for how best to design and conduct energy balance experiments in rodents, as well as how to analyze and report data from these studies. These recommendations will move us closer to the goal of a centralized physiological repository to foster transparency, rigor and reproducibility in metabolic physiology experimentation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Corrigan, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramachandran, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jurczak, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedline, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramsey, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lantier, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGuinness, O. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banks, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center Energy Balance Working Group,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/839076</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A big-data approach to understanding metabolic rate and response to obesity in laboratory mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/844092v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A resource of targeted mutant mouse lines for 5,061 genes 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/844092v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium reports the generation of new mouse mutant strains for over 5,000 genes from targeted embryonic stem cells on the C57BL/6N genetic background. This includes 2,850 null alleles for which no equivalent mutant mouse line exists, 2,987 novel conditional-ready alleles, and 4,433 novel reporter alleles. This nearly triples the number of genes with reporter alleles and almost doubles the number of conditional alleles available to the scientific community. When combined with more than 30 years of community effort, the total mutant allele mouse resource covers more than half of the genome. The extensively validated collection is archived and distributed through public repositories, facilitating availability to the worldwide biomedical research community, and expanding our understanding of gene function and human disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Birling, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoshiki, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayabe, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beaudet, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bottomley, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bradley, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, S. D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bürger, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bushell, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiani, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chin, H.-J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Codner, G. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeMayo, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickinson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doe, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donahue, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fray, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gambadoro, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gertsenstein, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez-Segura, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodwin, L. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heaney, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hérault, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hrabe de Angelis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, S.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Justice, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kasparek, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kühn, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lloyd, K. C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorenzo, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mallon, A.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKerlie, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meehan, T. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nutter, L. M</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/844092</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A resource of targeted mutant mouse lines for 5,061 genes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/854752v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Whole genome sequencing analysis of the cardiometabolic proteome 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/854752v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human proteome is a crucial intermediate between complex diseases and their genetic and environmental components, and an important source of drug development targets and biomarkers. Here, we comprehensively assess the genetic architecture of 257 circulating protein biomarkers of cardiometabolic relevance through high-depth (22.5x) whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in 1,328 individuals. We discover 131 independent sequence variant associations (P<7.45x10-11) across the allele frequency spectrum, all of which replicate in an independent cohort (n=1,605, 18.4x WGS). We identify for the first time replicating evidence for rare-variant cis-acting protein quantitative trait loci for five genes, involving both coding and non-coding variation. We construct and validate polygenic scores that explain up to 45% of protein level variation. We find causal links between protein levels and disease risk, identifying high-value biomarkers and drug development targets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gilly, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Png, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bjornland, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Southam, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suveges, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neumeyer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischer, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barysenka, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rayner, N. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsafantakis, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karaleftheri, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeggini, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/854752</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Whole genome sequencing analysis of the cardiometabolic proteome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/871384v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dissecting molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying noncoding susceptibility SNPs associated with 19 autoimmune diseases using multi-omics integrative analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/871384v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified hundreds of susceptibility loci associated with autoimmune diseases. However, over 90% of risk variants are located in the noncoding regions, leading to great challenges in deciphering the underlying causal functional variants/genes and biological mechanisms. Previous studies focused on developing new scoring method to prioritize functional/disease-relevant variants. However, they principally incorporated annotation data across all cells/tissues while omitted the cell-specific or context-specific regulation. Moreover, limited analyses were performed to dissect the detailed molecular regulatory circuits linking functional GWAS variants to disease etiology. Here we devised a new analysis frame that incorporate hundreds of immune cell-specific multi-omics data to prioritize functional noncoding susceptibility SNPs with gene targets and further dissect their downstream molecular mechanisms and clinical applications for 19 autoimmune diseases. Most prioritized SNPs have genetic associations with transcription factors (TFs) binding, histone modification or chromatin accessibility, indicating their allelic regulatory roles on target genes. Their target genes were significantly enriched in immunologically related pathways and other immunologically related functions. We also detected long-range regulation on 90.7% of target genes including 132 ones exclusively regulated by distal SNPs (eg, CD28, IL2RA), which involves several potential key TFs (eg, CTCF), suggesting the important roles of long-range chromatin interaction in autoimmune diseases. Moreover, we identified hundreds of known or predicted druggable genes, and predicted some new potential drug targets for several autoimmune diseases, including two genes (NFKB1, SH2B3) with known drug indications on other diseases, highlighting their potential drug repurposing opportunities. In summary, our analyses may provide unique resource for future functional follow-up and drug application on autoimmune diseases, which are freely available at http://fngwas.online/.

Author SummaryAutoimmune diseases are groups of complex immune system disorders with high prevalence rates and high heritabilities. Previous studies have unraveled thousands of SNPs associated with different autoimmune diseases. However, it remains largely unknown on the molecular mechanisms underlying these genetic associations. Striking, over 90% of risk SNPs are located in the noncoding region. By leveraging multiple immune cell-specific multi-omics data across genomic, epigenetic, transcriptomic and 3D chromatin interaction information, we systematically analyzed the functional variants/genes and biological mechanisms underlying genetic association on 19 autoimmune diseases. We found that most functional SNPs may affect target gene expression through altering transcription factors (TFs) binding, histone modification or chromatin accessibility. Most target genes had known immunological functions. We detected prevailing long-range chromatin interaction linking distal functional SNPs to target genes. We also identified many known drug targets and predicted some new drug target genes for several autoimmune diseases, suggesting their potential clinical applications. All analysis results and tools are available online, which may provide unique resource for future functional follow-up and drug application. Our study may help reduce the gap between traditional genetic findings and biological mechanistically exploration of disease etiologies as well as clinical drug development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, M.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, S.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thynn, H. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, T.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/871384</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dissecting molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying noncoding susceptibility SNPs associated with 19 autoimmune diseases using multi-omics integrative analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/027946v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neuronal actin dynamics, spine density and neuronal dendritic complexity are regulated by CAP2 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/027946v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Actin remodeling is indispensable for dendritic spine development, morphology and density which signify learning, memory and motor skills. CAP2 is a regulator of actin dynamics through sequestering G-actin and severing F-actin. In a mouse model, ablation of CAP2 leads to cardiovascular defects and delayed wound healing. This report investigates the role of CAP2 in the brain using Cap2gt/gt mice. Dendritic spine density and neuronal dendritic length were altered in Cap2gt/gt. This was accompanied by increased F-actin content and F-actin accumulation in cultured Cap2gt/gt neurons. In membrane depolarization assays, Cap2gt/gt synaptosomes exhibit an impaired F/G actin ratio, indicating altered actin dynamics. We show an interaction between CAP2 and n-cofilin, presumably mediated through the C-terminal domain of CAP2 and is cofilin ser3 phosphorylation dependent. In vivo, the consequences of this interaction were altered phosphorylated cofilin levels and formation of cofilin aggregates in the neurons. Thus, our studies identify a novel role of CAP2 in neuronal development and neuronal actin dynamics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Atul Kumar</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lars Paeger</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kosmas Kosmas</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peter Kloppenburg</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angelika Noegel</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vivek Peche</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/027946</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neuronal actin dynamics, spine density and neuronal dendritic complexity are regulated by CAP2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/055756v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Monarch Initiative: Insights across species reveal human disease mechanisms 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/055756v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The principles of genetics apply across the whole tree of life: on a cellular level, we share mechanisms with species from which we diverged millions or even billions of years ago. We can exploit this common ancestry at the level of sequences, but also in terms of observable outcomes (phenotypes), to learn more about health and disease for humans and all other species. Applying the range of available knowledge to solve challenging disease problems requires unified data relating genomics, phenotypes, and disease; it also requires computational tools that leverage these multimodal data to inform interpretations by geneticists and to suggest experiments. However, the distribution and heterogeneity of databases is a major impediment: databases tend to focus either on a single data type across species, or on single species across data types. Although each database provides rich, high-quality information, no single one provides unified data that is comprehensive across species, biological scales, and data types. Without a big-picture view of the data, many questions in genetics are difficult or impossible to answer. The Monarch Initiative (https://monarchinitiative.org) is an international consortium dedicated to providing computational tools that leverage a computational representation of phenotypic data for genotype-phenotype analysis, genomic diagnostics, and precision medicine on the basis of a large-scale platform of multimodal data that is deeply integrated across species and covering broad areas of disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mungall, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMurry, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koehler, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balhoff, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borromeo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brush, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carbon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>CONLIN, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunn, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engelstad, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foster, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gourdine, J.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacobsen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keith, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laraway, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen Xuan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shefchek, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasilevsky, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Washington, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hochheiser, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Groza, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smedley, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haendel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-11-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/055756</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Monarch Initiative: Insights across species reveal human disease mechanisms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-11-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/075523v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Estimating the Selective Effect of Heterozygous Protein Truncating Variants from Human Exome Data 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/075523v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The dispensability of individual genes for viability has interested generations of geneticists. For some genes it is essential to maintain two functional chromosomal copies, while other genes may tolerate the loss of one or both copies. Exome sequence data from 60,706 individuals provide sufficient observations of rare protein truncating variants (PTVs) to make genome-wide estimates of selection against heterozygous loss of gene function. The cumulative frequency of rare deleterious PTVs is primarily determined by the balance between incoming mutations and purifying selection rather than genetic drift. This enables the estimation of the genome-wide distribution of selection coefficients for heterozygous PTVs and corresponding Bayesian estimates for individual genes. The strength of selection can help discriminate the severity, age of onset, and mode of inheritance in Mendelian exome sequencing cases. We find that genes under the strongest selection are enriched in embryonic lethal mouse knockouts, putatively cell-essential genes inferred from human tumor cells, Mendelian disease genes, and regulators of transcription. Using an essentiality screen, we find a large set of genes under strong selection that are likely to have critical function but that have not yet been studied extensively.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Christopher A. Cassa</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donate Weghorn</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniel J. Balick</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniel M. Jordan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David Nusinow</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaitlin E. Samocha</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anne O'Donnell Luria</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniel G. MacArthur</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mark J. Daly</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David R. Beier</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shamil R. Sunyaev</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-09-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/075523</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Estimating the Selective Effect of Heterozygous Protein Truncating Variants from Human Exome Data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-09-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/090860v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
New genes and functional innovation in mammals 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/090860v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The birth of genes that encode new protein sequences is a major source of evolutionary innovation. However, we still understand relatively little about how these genes come into being and which functions they are selected for. To address these questions we have obtained a large collection of mammalian-specific gene families that lack homologues in other eukaryotic groups. We have combined gene annotations and de novo transcript assemblies from 30 different mamalian species, obtaining about 6,000 gene families. In general, the proteins in mammalian-specific gene families tend to be short and depleted in aromatic and negatively charged residues. Proteins which arose early in mammalian evolution include milk and skin polypeptides, immune response components, and proteins involved in reproduction. In contrast, the functions of proteins which have a more recent origin remain largely unknown, despite the fact that these proteins also have extensive proteomics support. We identify several previously described cases of genes originated de novo from non-coding genomic regions, supporting the idea that this mechanism frequently underlies the evolution of new protein-coding genes in mammals. Finally, we show that most young mammalian genes are preferentially expressed in testis, suggesting that sexual selection plays an important role in the emergence of new functional genes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Villanueva-Canas, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruiz-Orera, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agea, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alba, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-12-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/090860</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[New genes and functional innovation in mammals]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-12-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/136911v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systematic Characterization Of Human 21st Chromosome Orthologs In Caenorhabditis elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/136911v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Individuals with Down syndrome have neurological and muscle impairments due to an additional copy of the human 21st chromosome (HSA21). Only a few of ~200 HSA21 genes encoding protein have been linked to specific Down syndrome phenotypes, while the remainder are understudied. To identify poorly characterized HSA21 genes required for nervous system function, we studied behavioral phenotypes caused by loss-of-function mutations in conserved HSA21 orthologs in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We identified ten HSA21 orthologs that are required for neuromuscular behaviors: cle-1 (COL18A1), cysl-2 (CBS), dnsn-1 (DONSON), eva-1 (EVA1C), mtq-2 (N6ATM1), ncam-1 (NCAM2), pad-2 (POFUT2), pdxk-1 (PDXK), rnt-1 (RUNX1), and unc-26 (SYNJ1). We also found that three of these genes are required for normal release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. This includes a known synaptic gene unc-26 (SYNJ1), as well as uncharacterized genes pdxk-1 (PDXK) and mtq-2 (N6ATM1). As the first systematic functional analysis of HSA21 orthologs, this study may serve as a platform to understand genes that underlie phenotypes associated with Down syndrome.nnARTICLE SUMMARYDown syndrome causes neurological and muscle dysfunction due to an extra 21st chromosome. This chromosome has over 200 genes, most of which are understudied. To address this, we studied whether reducing function of these gene equivalents in the worm C. elegans caused neuronal or muscle defects. We identified ten genes conserved between human and worm that mediate function of behaviors. Among these, we show the uncharacterized genes mtq-2 and pdxk-1 are important for synaptic transmission and are exclusively expressed in nervous system. Our analysis may reveal functions of poorly studied genes that affect nervous system function in Down syndrome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nordquist, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffith, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pierce, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/136911</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systematic Characterization Of Human 21st Chromosome Orthologs In Caenorhabditis elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/159822v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Abelson tyrosine-protein kinase 2 Regulates Myoblast Proliferation and Controls Muscle Fiber Length 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/159822v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Muscle fiber length is nearly uniform within a muscle but widely different among muscles. Here, we show that Abelson tyrosine-protein kinase 2 (Abl2) has a key role in regulating myofiber length, as a loss of Abl2 leads to excessively long myofibers in the diaphragm and other muscles. Increased myofiber length is caused by enhanced myoblast proliferation, expanding the pool of available myoblasts and leading to increased myoblast fusion. Abl2 acts in myoblasts, but expansion of the diaphragm muscle causes a reduction in size of the diaphragm central tendon. Replacement of tendon for muscle is likely responsible for the reduced stamina of abl2 mutant mice. Further, ectopic muscle islands, each composed of myofibers of uniform length and orientation, form within the central tendon in abl2+/- mice. Induction of scleraxis in tendon cells at the ends of these muscle islands suggests that myofibers stimulate tendon differentiation, which in turn regulates myofiber length.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Burden, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-07-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/159822</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Abelson tyrosine-protein kinase 2 Regulates Myoblast Proliferation and Controls Muscle Fiber Length]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-07-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/196022v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An unbiased reconstruction of the T helper cell type 2 differentiation network 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/196022v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
T helper type 2 (Th2) cells are important regulators of our adaptive immune response, particularly the response against parasites, and have relevance for auto-immunity as well as tumour progression. This classic T helper type has been studied intensively, but not systematically. Using newly developed, genome-wide retroviral CRISPR knock-out (KO) technology, combined with RNA-seq, ATAC-seq and ChIP-seq, we have dissected the regulatory circuitry governing differentiation in these cells. During Th2 activation/differentiation approximately 4000 genes are perturbed, with at least 200 genes specifically associated with the Th2 program in mouse and human. We confirm previously known Th2 driver genes and have discovered several novel genes, including transcription factors, metabolic genes and potential receptors/cytokines, critical for Th2 function. Our study provides an atlas for, but not limited to, the Th2 regulatory network, pinpointing the key players of Th2 differentiation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Henriksson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomes, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miragaia, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ullah, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pramanik, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yusa, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lahesmaa, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teichmann, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/196022</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An unbiased reconstruction of the T helper cell type 2 differentiation network]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.02.11.943159v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PHF3 regulates neuronal gene expression through the new Pol II CTD reader domain SPOC 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.02.11.943159v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The C-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is a regulatory hub for transcription and RNA processing. Here, we identify PHD-finger protein 3 (PHF3) as a new CTD-binding factor that negatively regulates transcription and mRNA stability. The PHF3 SPOC domain preferentially binds to CTD repeats phosphorylated on Serine-2 and PHF3 tracks with Pol II across the length of genes. PHF3 competes with TFIIS for Pol II binding through its TFIIS-like domain (TLD), thus inhibiting TFIIS-mediated rescue of backtracked Pol II. PHF3 knock-out or PHF3 SPOC deletion in human cells result in gene upregulation and a global increase in mRNA stability, with marked derepression of neuronal genes. Key neuronal genes are aberrantly expressed in Phf3 knock-out mouse embryonic stem cells, resulting in impaired neuronal differentiation. Our data suggest that PHF3 is a prominent effector of neuronal gene regulation at the interface of transcription elongation and mRNA decay.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Appel, L.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franke, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruno, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grishkovskaya, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kasiliauskaite, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schoeberl, U. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puchinger, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kostrhon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beltzung, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mechtler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vlasova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leeb, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pavri, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stark, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akalin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stefl, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernecky, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Djinovic-Carugo, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slade, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.11.943159</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PHF3 regulates neuronal gene expression through the new Pol II CTD reader domain SPOC]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/222596v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gene expression imputation across multiple brain regions reveals schizophrenia risk throughout development. 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/222596v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcriptomic imputation approaches offer an opportunity to test associations between disease and gene expression in otherwise inaccessible tissues, such as brain, by combining eQTL reference panels with large-scale genotype data. These genic associations could elucidate signals in complex GWAS loci and may disentangle the role of different tissues in disease development. Here, we use the largest eQTL reference panel for the dorso-lateral pre-frontal cortex (DLPFC), collected by the CommonMind Consortium, to create a set of gene expression predictors and demonstrate their utility. We applied these predictors to 40,299 schizophrenia cases and 65,264 matched controls, constituting the largest transcriptomic imputation study of schizophrenia to date. We also computed predicted gene expression levels for 12 additional brain regions, using publicly available predictor models from GTEx. We identified 413 genic associations across 13 brain regions. Stepwise conditioning across the genes and tissues identified 71 associated genes (67 outside the MHC), with the majority of associations found in the DLPFC, and of which 14/67 genes did not fall within previously genome-wide significant loci. We identified 36 significantly enriched pathways, including hexosaminidase-A deficiency, and multiple pathways associated with porphyric disorders. We investigated developmental expression patterns for all 67 non-MHC associated genes using BRAINSPAN, and identified groups of genes expressed specifically pre-natally or post-natally.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huckins, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dobbyn, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruderfer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffman, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pardinas, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajagopal, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Als, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoang, H. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Girdhar, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boocock, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roussos, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fromer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kramer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Domenici, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gamazon, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Purcell, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>CommonMind Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Gen,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>iPSYCH-GEMS Schizophrenia Working Group,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demontis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borglum, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walters, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Donovan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sullivan, P. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Owen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devlin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sieberts, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cox, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Im, H. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sklar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stahl, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/222596</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gene expression imputation across multiple brain regions reveals schizophrenia risk throughout development.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/235101v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
AP-4 mediated ATG9A sorting underlies axonal and autophagosome biogenesis defects in a mouse model of AP-4 deficiency syndrome 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/235101v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Adaptor protein (AP) complexes have critical roles in transmembrane protein sorting. AP-4 remains poorly understood in the brain despite its loss of function leading to a hereditary spastic paraplegia termed AP-4 deficiency syndrome. Here we demonstrate that knockout (KO) of AP-4 in a mouse model leads to thinning of the corpus callosum and ventricular enlargement, anatomical defects previously described in patients. At the cellular level, we find that AP-4 KO leads to defects in axonal extension and branching, in addition to aberrant distal swellings. Interestingly, we show that ATG9A, a key protein in autophagosome maturation, is critically dependent on AP-4 for its sorting from the trans-golgi network. Failure of AP-4 mediated ATG9A sorting results in its dramatic retention in the trans-golgi network in vitro and in vivo leading to a specific reduction of the axonal pool of ATG9A. As a result, autophagosome biogenesis is aberrant in the axon of AP-4 deficient neurons. The specific alteration to axonal integrity and axonal autophagosome maturation in AP-4 knockout neurons may underpin the pathology of AP-4 deficiency.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ivankovic, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Domenech, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drew, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tooze, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kittler, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/235101</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[AP-4 mediated ATG9A sorting underlies axonal and autophagosome biogenesis defects in a mouse model of AP-4 deficiency syndrome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/264846v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cyfip1 haploinsufficiency increases compulsive-like behavior and paternally inherited palatable food intake: Implications for Prader-Willi Syndrome 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/264846v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Binge eating (BE) is a heritable trait associated with eating disorders and involves rapid consumption of large quantities of food. We identified cytoplasmic FMRP-interacting protein 2 (Cyfip2) as a major genetic factor underlying BE and concomitant compulsive-like behaviors in mice. CYFIP2 is a gene homolog of CYFIP1 - one of four paternally-deleted genes in patients with the more severe Type I Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS). PWS is a neurodevelopmental disorder where 70% of cases involve paternal deletion of 15q11-q13. PWS symptoms include hyperphagia, obesity (if untreated), cognitive deficits, and obsessive-compulsive behaviors. We tested whether Cyfip1 haploinsufficiency (+/-) would enhance premorbid compulsive-like behavior and palatable food (PF) intake in a parent-of-origin-selective manner. We tested Cyfip1+/- mice on a C57BL/6N (N) background that were homozygous for the BE-associated missense mutation in Cyfip2 (S968F) as well as mice that we backcrossed to homozygosity for the C57BL/6J (J) allele at Cyfip2 (Cyfip2J/J). Cyfip1+/- mice showed increased compulsive-like behavior on both backgrounds, increased PF consumption on the Cyfip2N/N background in a paternally-enhanced manner, and decreased PF consumption in male Cyfip1+/- mice on the Cyfip2J/J background in a maternally selective manner. In the hypothalamus, there was a maternally-enhanced reduction of Cyfip1 transcription, but a paternally-enhanced reduction in CYFIP1 protein. In the nucleus accumbens, there was a maternally-enhanced reduction in CYFIP1 protein. Together, increased compulsive-like behavior, parent-of-origin-, and genetic background-dependent effects of Cyfip1 haploinsufficiency on PF consumption implicate CYFIP1 in behaviors in neurodevelopmental disorders involving reduced expression of CYFIP1, including PWS, Fragile X Syndrome, and 15q11.2 Microdeletion Syndrome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Babbs, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruan, Q. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelliher, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, A. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirkpatrick, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benitez, F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pierre, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mulligan, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bryant, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/264846</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cyfip1 haploinsufficiency increases compulsive-like behavior and paternally inherited palatable food intake: Implications for Prader-Willi Syndrome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/265017v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identifying tissues implicated in Anorexia Nervosa using Transcriptomic Imputation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/265017v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex and serious eating disorder, occurring in ~1% of individuals. Despite having the highest mortality rate of any psychiatric disorder, little is known about the aetiology of AN, and few effective treatments exist.nnGlobal efforts to collect large sample sizes of individuals with AN have been highly successful, and a recent study consequently identified the first genome-wide significant locus involved in AN. This result, coupled with other recent studies and epidemiological evidence, suggest that previous characterizations of AN as a purely psychiatric disorder are over-simplified. Rather, both neurological and metabolic pathways may also be involved.nnIn order to elucidate more of the system-specific aetiology of AN, we applied transcriptomic imputation methods to 3,495 cases and 10,982 controls, collected by the Eating Disorders Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC-ED). Transcriptomic Imputation (TI) methods approaches use machine-learning methods to impute tissue-specific gene expression from large genotype data using curated eQTL reference panels. These offer an exciting opportunity to compare gene associations across neurological and metabolic tissues. Here, we applied CommonMind Consortium (CMC) and GTEx-derived gene expression prediction models for 13 brain tissues and 12 tissues with potential metabolic involvement (adipose, adrenal gland, 2 colon, 3 esophagus, liver, pancreas, small intestine, spleen, stomach).nnWe identified 35 significant gene-tissue associations within the large chromosome 12 region described in the recent PGC-ED GWAS. We applied forward stepwise conditional analyses and FINEMAP to associations within this locus to identify putatively causal signals. We identified four independently associated genes; RPS26, C12orf49, SUOX, and RDH16. We also identified two further genome-wide significant gene-tissue associations, both in brain tissues; REEP5, in the dorso-lateral pre-frontal cortex (DLPFC; p=8.52x10-07), and CUL3, in the caudate basal ganglia (p=1.8x10-06). These genes are significantly enriched for associations with anthropometric phenotypes in the UK BioBank, as well as multiple psychiatric, addiction, and appetite/satiety pathways. Our results support a model of AN risk influenced by both metabolic and psychiatric factors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huckins, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dobbyn, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McFadden, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruderfer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gamazon, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leppa, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eating Disorders working group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC-ED),</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devlin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sieberts, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cox, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Im, H. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sklar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bulik, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stahl, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/265017</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identifying tissues implicated in Anorexia Nervosa using Transcriptomic Imputation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/338863v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An Atlas of Human and Murine Genetic Influences on Osteoporosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/338863v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Osteoporosis is a common debilitating chronic disease diagnosed primarily using bone mineral density (BMD). We undertook a comprehensive assessment of human genetic determinants of bone density in 426,824 individuals, identifying a total of 518 genome-wide significant loci, (301 novel), explaining 20% of the total variance in BMD--as estimated by heel quantitative ultrasound (eBMD). Next, meta-analysis identified 13 bone fracture loci in ~1.2M individuals, which were also associated with BMD. We then identified target genes from cell-specific genomic landscape features, including chromatin conformation and accessible chromatin sites, that were strongly enriched for genes known to influence bone density and strength (maximum odds ratio = 58, P = 10-75). We next performed rapid throughput skeletal phenotyping of 126 knockout mice lacking eBMD Target Genes and showed that these mice had an increased frequency of abnormal skeletal phenotypes compared to 526 unselected lines (P < 0.0001). In-depth analysis of one such Target Gene, DAAM2, showed a disproportionate decrease in bone strength relative to mineralization. This comprehensive human and murine genetic atlas provides empirical evidence testing how to link associated SNPs to causal genes, offers new insights into osteoporosis pathophysiology and highlights opportunities for drug development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Morris, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kemp, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Youlten, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laurent, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Logan, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chai, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vulpescu, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forgetta, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleinman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohanty, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sergio, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quinn, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen-Yamamoto, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luco, A.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vijay, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simon, M.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pramatarova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medina-Gomez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trajanoska, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghirardello, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Butterfield, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curry, K. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leitch, V. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sparkes, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adoum, A.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mannan, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Komla-Ebri, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pollard, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dewhurst, H. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hassell, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beltejar, M.-J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaillancourt, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaptoge, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baldock, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reeve, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ntzani, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evangelou, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ohlsson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karas</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/338863</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An Atlas of Human and Murine Genetic Influences on Osteoporosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/349993v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatiotemporal Gene Coexpression and Regulation in Mouse Cardiomyocytes of Early Cardiac Morphogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/349993v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cardiac looping is an early morphogenic process critical for the formation of four-chambered mammalian hearts. To study the roles of signaling pathways, transcription factors (TFs) and genetic networks in the process, we constructed gene co-expression networks and identified gene modules highly activated in individual cardiomyocytes (CMs) at multiple anatomical regions and developmental stages. Function analyses of the module genes uncovered major pathways important for spatiotemporal CM differentiation. Interestingly, about half of the pathways were highly active in cardiomyocytes at outflow tract (OFT) and atrioventricular canal (AVC), including many well-known signaling pathways for cardiac development and several newly identified ones. Most of the OFT-AVC pathways were predicted to be regulated by 6 6 transcription factors (TFs) actively expressed at the OFT-AVC locations, with the prediction supported by motif enrichment analysis of the TF targets, including 10 TFs that have not been previously associated with cardiac development, e.g., Etv5, Rbpms, and Baz2b. Finally, our study showed that the OFT-AVC TF targets were significantly enriched with genes associated with mouse heart developmental abnormalities and human congenital heart defects.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morrow, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/349993</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatiotemporal Gene Coexpression and Regulation in Mouse Cardiomyocytes of Early Cardiac Morphogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/359414v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
OTUB1 non-catalytically regulates the stability of the E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme UBE2E1 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/359414v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
OTUB1 is a deubiquitinating enzyme that cleaves K48-linked polyubiquitin chains and also regulates ubiquitin signaling through a unique, non-catalytic mechanism. OTUB1 binds to a subset of E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzymes and inhibits their activity by trapping the E2~ubiquitin thioester and preventing ubiquitin transfer. The same set of E2s stimulate the deubiquitinating activity of OTUB1 when the E2 is not charged with ubiquitin. Previous studies have shown that, in cells, OTUB1 binds to members of the UBE2D (UBCH5) and UBE2E families, as well as to UBC13 (UBE2N). Cellular roles have been identified for the interaction of OTUB1 with UBC13 and members of the UBE2D family, but not for UBE2E E2 enzymes. We report here a novel role for OTUB1-E2 interactions in modulating E2 protein ubiquitination. We find that depletion of OTUB1 dramatically destabilizes the E2 conjugating enzyme UBE2E1 (UBE2E1) in cells and that this effect is independent of the catalytic activity of OTUB1 but depends on the ability of OTUB1 to bind to UBE2E1. We show that OTUB1 suppresses UBE2E1 autoubiquitination in vitro and in cells, thereby preventing UBE2E1 from being targeted to the proteasome for degradation. Taken together, we have found a new role for OTUB1 in rescuing specific E2s from degradation in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pasupala, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morrow, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Que, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malynn, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolberger, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/359414</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[OTUB1 non-catalytically regulates the stability of the E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme UBE2E1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/464339v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NCLX prevents cell death during adrenergic activation of the brown adipose tissue 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/464339v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A sharp increase in mitochondrial Ca2+ marks the activation of the brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis, yet the mechanisms preventing Ca2+ deleterious effects are poorly understood. Here, we show that adrenergic stimulation of BAT activates a PKA-dependent mitochondrial Ca2+ extrusion via the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, NCLX. Adrenergic stimulation of NCLX-ablated brown adipocytes (BA) induces a profound mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and impaired uncoupled respiration. Core body temperature, PET imaging and VO2 measurements confirm a BAT specific thermogenic defect in NCLX-null mice.nnWe show that mitochondrial Ca2+ overload induced by adrenergic stimulation of NCLX-null BAT, triggers the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), leading to remarkable mitochondrial swelling, Cytochrome c release and cell death in BAT. However, treatment with mPTP inhibitors rescue mitochondrial respiratory function and thermogenesis in NCLX-null BA, in vitro and in vivo.nnOur findings identify a novel pathway enabling non-lethal mitochondrial Ca2+ elevation during adrenergic stimulation of uncoupled respiration. Deletion of NCLX transforms the adrenergic pathway responsible for the stimulation of thermogenesis into a death pathway.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Assali, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veliova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taha, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shum, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oliveira, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Las, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liesa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sekler, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shirihai, O. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/464339</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NCLX prevents cell death during adrenergic activation of the brown adipose tissue]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/512103v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic dissection of femoral and tibial microarchitecture 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/512103v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Our understanding of the genetic control of bone has relied almost exclusively on estimates of bone mineral density. In contrast, here we have used high-resolution x-ray tomography (8 m isotropic voxels) to measure femoral and tibial components across a set of ~600 mice belonging to 60 diverse BXD strains of mice. We computed heritabilities of 25 cortical and trabecular compartments. Males and females have well matched trait heritabilities, ranging from 0.25 to 0.75. We mapped 16 QTLs that collectively cover ~8% of all protein-coding genes in mouse. A majority of loci are detected only in females, and there is also a bias in favor of QTLs for cortical traits. To efficiently evaluate candidate genes we developed a method that couples gene ontologies with expression data to compute bone-enrichment scores for almost all protein-coding genes. We carefully collated and aligned murine candidates with recent human BMD genome-wide association results. We highlight a subset of 50 strong candidates that fall into three categories: 1. those linked to bone function that have already been experimentally validated (Adamts4, Ddr2, Darc, Adam12, Fkbp10, E2f6, Adam17, Grem2, Ifi204); 2. candidates with putative bone function but not yet tested (e.g., Greb1, Ifi202b) but several of which have been linked to phenotypes in humans; and 3. candidates that have high bone-enrichment scores but for which there is not yet any specific link to bone biology or skeletal disease, including Ifi202b, Ly9, Ifi205, Mgmt, F2rl1, Iqgap2. Our results highlight contrasting genetic architecture between the sexes and among major bone compartments. The joint use and alignment of murine and human data should greatly facilitate function analysis and preclinical testing.nnDisclosureThe authors declare that no competing interests exist.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David, N. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arends, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ackert-Bicknell, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sabik, O. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farber, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quarles, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/512103</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic dissection of femoral and tibial microarchitecture]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/595702v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Trichoplein controls endothelial cell function by regulating autophagy 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/595702v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Autophagy is an essential cellular quality control process that emerged critical for vascular homeostasis. Here we describe, the role for Trichoplein (TCHP) protein in linking autophagy with endothelial cells (ECs) function. The depletion of TCHP in ECs impairs migration and sprouting. TCHP directly binds PCM1, to regulate degradation of GABARAP, thus leading to a defective autophagy. Mechanistically, TCHP is indispensable for autophagosome maturation and its depletion resulted in the accumulation of SQSTM1/p62 (p62) and unfolded protein aggregates in ECs. The latter process is coupled to TCHP-mediated NF-kB activation. Of note, low levels of TCHP and high p62 levels were detected in primary ECs from patients with coronary artery disease. In addition, Tchp knock-out mice showed accumulation of p62 in the heart and cardiac vessels and reduced cardiac vascularization. Here, we reveal an autophagy-mediated mechanism for TCHP down-regulation, which poses a plausible target for regulation of endothelial function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Martello, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lauriola, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mellis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parish, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dawson, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imrie, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vidmar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gammoh, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitic, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brittan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mills, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carragher, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Arca, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caporali, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/595702</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Trichoplein controls endothelial cell function by regulating autophagy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/741538v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Embryonic and foetal expression patterns of the ciliopathy gene CEP164 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/741538v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nephronophthisis-related ciliopathies (NPHP-RC) are a group of inherited genetic disorders that share a defect in the formation, maintenance or functioning of the primary cilium complex, causing progressive kidney failure and other clinical manifestations. Mutations in centrosomal protein 164 kDa (CEP164), also known as NPHP15, have been identified as a cause of NPHP-RC. Here we have utilised the MRC-Wellcome Trust Human Developmental Biology Resource (HDBR) to perform immunohistochemistry studies on human embryonic and foetal tissues to determine the expression patterns of CEP164 during development. Notably expression is widespread, yet defined, in multiple organs including the kidney, retina and cerebellum. Murine studies demonstrated an almost identical Cep164 expression pattern. Taken together, this data supports conserved roles for CEP164 throughout the development of numerous organs, which we suggest accounts for the multi-system disease phenotype of CEP164 mediated NPHP-RC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Devlin, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramsbottom, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Overman, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lisgo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clowry, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molinari, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miles, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sayer, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/741538</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Embryonic and foetal expression patterns of the ciliopathy gene CEP164]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/761551v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
IRG1 controls immunometabolic host response and restricts intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/761551v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the pathogen causing human tuberculosis, has evolved multiple strategies to successfully prevent clearance by immune cells and to establish dissemination and long-term survival in the host. The modulation of host immunity to maximize pathogen elimination while minimizing inflammation-mediated tissue damage may provide another tool to fight drug-resistant Mtb strains. Metabolic reprogramming of phagocytes can dramatically influence the intracellular colonization by Mtb and the key players involved in this process remain a matter of debate. Here, we demonstrate that aconitate decarboxylase 1 (Acod1; also known as immune-responsive gene 1, IRG1), which converts cis-aconitate into the metabolite itaconate, is a major player in controlling the acute phase of Mtb infection. Exposure of IRG1-deficient mice to a virulent Mtb strain (H37Rv) was lethal, while M. bovis BCG and the H37Ra attenuated Mtb strain induced neither lethality nor severe lung immunopathology. Lungs of IRG1-deficient mice infected by Mtb H37Rv displayed large areas of necrotizing granulomatous inflammation and neutrophil infiltration, accompanied by reduced levels of B and T lymphocytes and increased levels of alveolar and interstitial macrophage populations, compared to their wild type counterparts. Next, we show that IRG1, beyond its recruitment to Mtb-containing vacuoles, restricts Mtb replication and lipid droplets accumulation in phagocytes, hallmarks of a tight interplay between the bacillus and the host. Altogether, IRG1 confines the host response to create a favourable phagocytic environment for Mtb controlled intracellular replication.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hoffmann, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Machelart, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belhaouane, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deboosere, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pauwels, A.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saint-Andre, J.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, O.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jouny, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poncet, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marion, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beyaert, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Majlessi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brodin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/761551</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[IRG1 controls immunometabolic host response and restricts intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/821603v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dual Histone Methyl Reader ZCWPW1 Facilitates Repair of Meiotic Double Strand Breaks 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/821603v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Meiotic crossovers result from homology-directed repair of double strand breaks (DSBs). Unlike yeast and plants, where DSBs are generated near gene promoters, in many vertebrates, DSBs are enriched at hotspots determined by the DNA binding activity of the rapidly evolving zinc finger array of PRDM9 (PR domain zinc finger protein 9). PRDM9 subsequently catalyzes tri-methylation of lysine 4 and lysine 36 of Histone H3 in nearby nucleosomes. Here, we identify the dual histone methylation reader ZCWPW1, which is tightly co-expressed during spermatogenesis with Prdm9 and co-evolved with Prdm9 in vertebrates, as an essential meiotic recombination factor required for efficient synapsis and repair of PRDM9-dependent DSBs. In sum, our results indicate that the evolution of a dual histone methylation writer/reader system in vertebrates facilitated a shift in genetic recombination away from a static pattern near genes towards a flexible pattern controlled by the rapidly evolving DNA binding activity of PRDM9.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mahgoub, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paiano, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruno, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pathuri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ralls, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nussenzweig, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macfarlan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/821603</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dual Histone Methyl Reader ZCWPW1 Facilitates Repair of Meiotic Double Strand Breaks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/821678v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ZCWPW1 is recruited to recombination hotspots by PRDM9, and is essential for meiotic double strand break repair 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/821678v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair (synapse) and recombine, enabling balanced segregation and generating genetic diversity. In many vertebrates, recombination initiates with double-strand breaks (DSBs) within hotspots where PRDM9 binds, and deposits H3K4me3 and H3K36me3. However, no protein(s) recognising this unique combination of histone marks have yet been identified.nnWe identified Zcwpw1, which possesses H3K4me3 and H3K36me3 recognition domains, as highly co-expressed with Prdm9. Here, we show that ZCWPW1 has co-evolved with PRDM9 and, in human cells, is strongly and specifically recruited to PRDM9 binding sites, with higher affinity than sites possessing H3K4me3 alone. Surprisingly, ZCWPW1 also recognizes CpG dinucleotides, including within many Alu transposons.nnMale Zcwpw1 homozygous knockout mice show completely normal DSB positioning, but persistent DMC1 foci at many hotspots, particularly those more strongly bound by PRDM9, severe DSB repair and synapsis defects, and downstream sterility. Our findings suggest a model where ZCWPW1 recognition of PRDM9-bound sites on either the homologous, or broken, chromosome is critical for synapsis, and hence fertility.nnGraphical Abstract LegendIn humans and other species, recombination is initiated by double strand breaks at sites bound by PRDM9. Upon binding, PRDM9 deposits the histone marks H3K4me3 and H3K36me, but the functional importance of these marks has remained unknown. Here, we show that PRDM9 recruits ZCWPW1, a reader of both these marks, to its binding sites genome-wide. ZCWPW1 does not help position the breaks themselves, but is essential for their downstream repair and chromosome pairing, and ultimately meiotic success and fertility in mice.nnnnO_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=153 SRC="FIGDIR/small/821678v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">nView larger version (31K):norg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@141deb9org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@18559deorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1cf380borg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1689072_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wells, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bitoun, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moralli, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hinch, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donnelly, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Green, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myers, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/821678</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ZCWPW1 is recruited to recombination hotspots by PRDM9, and is essential for meiotic double strand break repair]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/827972v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Induction of pancreatic tumor-selective ferroptosis through modulation of cystine import 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/827972v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is the third-leading cause of cancer mortality in the US and is highly resistant to classical, targeted, and immune therapies. We show that human PDA cells are dependent on the provision of exogenous cystine to avert a catastrophic accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) that, left unchecked, leads to ferroptotic cell death, both in vitro and in vivo. Using a dual-recombinase genetically engineered model, we found that acute deletion of Slc7a11 led to tumor-selective ferroptosis, tumor stabilizations/regressions, and extended overall survival. The mechanism of ferroptosis induction in PDA cells required the concerted depletion of both glutathione and coenzyme A, highlighting a novel branch of ferroptosis-relevant metabolism. Finally, we found that cystine depletion in vivo using the pre-IND agent cyst(e)inase phenocopied Slc7a11 deletion, inducing tumor-selective ferroptosis and disease stabilizations/regressions in the well-validated KPC model of PDA.nnOne Sentence SummaryGenetic and pharmacological targeting of cystine import induces pancreatic cancer-selective ferroptosis in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Badgley, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kremer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maurer, H. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DelGiorno, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Purohit, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sagalovskiy, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kapillian, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Firl, C. E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Decker, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sastra, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palermo, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrade, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sajjakulnukit, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tolstyka, Z. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirschhorn, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamb, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seeley, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stone, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Georgiou, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manor, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iuga, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wahl, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stockwell, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyssiotis, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olive, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/827972</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Induction of pancreatic tumor-selective ferroptosis through modulation of cystine import]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/835850v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Decoding the genomic basis of osteoarthritis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/835850v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Osteoarthritis causes pain and functional disability for a quarter of a billion people worldwide, with no disease-stratifying tools nor modifying therapy. Here, we use primary cartilage and synovium from osteoarthritis patients to construct a molecular quantitative trait locus map of gene expression and protein abundance. By integrating data across omics levels, we identify likely effector genes for osteoarthritis-associated genetic signals. We detect pronounced molecular differences between macroscopically intact and highly degenerated cartilage. We identify molecularly-defined patient subgroups that correlate with clinical characteristics, stratifying patients on the basis of their molecular profile. We construct and validate a 7-gene classifier that reproducibly distinguishes between these disease subtypes, and identify potentially actionable compounds for disease modification and drug repurposing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Steinberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Southam, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Butterfield, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roumeliotis, T. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fontalis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jayasuriya, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swift, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curry, K. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brooks, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCaskie, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lelliott, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choudhary, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bassett, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilkinson, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeggini, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/835850</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Decoding the genomic basis of osteoarthritis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.10.06.463037v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The production of 4,182 mouse lines identifies experimental and biological variables impacting Cas9-mediated mutant mouse line production 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.10.06.463037v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC) systematically produces and phenotypes mouse lines with presumptive null mutations to provide insight into gene function. The IMPC now uses the programmable RNA-guided nuclease Cas9 for its increased capacity and flexibility to efficiently generate null alleles in the C57BL/6N strain. In addition to being a valuable novel and accessible research resource, the production of 3,313 knockout mouse lines using comparable protocols provides a rich dataset to analyze experimental and biological variables affecting in vivo gene engineering with Cas9. Mouse line production has two critical steps - generation of founders with the desired allele and germline transmission (GLT) of that allele from founders to offspring. A systematic evaluation of the variables impacting success rates identified gene essentiality as the primary factor influencing successful production of null alleles. Collectively, our findings provide best practice recommendations for using Cas9 to generate alleles in mouse essential genes, many of which are orthologs of genes linked to human disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Elrick, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peterson, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wood, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lanza, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acar, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teboul, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryder, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayabe, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Birling, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caulder, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiani, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Codner, G. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doe, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duddy, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gambadoro, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gertsenstein, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez-Segura, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodwin, L. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ju, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kasparek, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lintott, L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorenzo, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mackenzie, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marschall, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matthews, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruhe, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santos, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seavitt, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seisenberger, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wardle-Jones, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willis, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bradley, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braun, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeMayo, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickinson, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herault, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.06.463037</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The production of 4,182 mouse lines identifies experimental and biological variables impacting Cas9-mediated mutant mouse line production]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.08.11.455876v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Whole genome analysis for 163 guide RNAs in Cas9 edited mice reveals minimal off-target activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.08.11.455876v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Introductory ParagraphThe Knockout Mouse Phenotyping Program (KOMP2) uses CRISRPR/Cas9 for high-throughput mouse line production to generate null alleles in the inbred C57BL/6N strain for broad-based in vivo phenotyping. In order to assess the risk of spurious S. pyogenes Cas9-induced off-target mutagenesis, we applied whole genome sequencing to compare the genomes of 50 Cas9-derived founder mice representing 163 different gRNAs to 28 untreated inbred control mice. Our analysis pipeline detected 28 off-target sequence variants associated with 21 guides. These potential off-targets were identified in 18/50 (36%) founders with 9/28 (32%) independently validated corresponding to 8 founder animals. In total, only 4.9% (8/163) of all guides exhibited off-target activity resulting in a rate of 0.16 Cas9 off-target mutations per founder analyzed. In comparison, we observed ~1225 unique variants in each mouse regardless of whether or not it was exposed to Cas9. These findings indicate that Cas9-mediated off-target mutagenesis is rare in founder knockout mice generated using guide RNAs designed to minimize off-target risk. Overall, bona fide off-target variants comprise a small fraction of the genetic heterogeneity found in carefully maintained colonies of inbred strains.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Peterson, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khalouei, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodd, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lanza, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lintott, L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willis, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seavitt, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanafi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braun, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickinson, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lloyd, K. C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heaney, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murray, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nutter, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.11.455876</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Whole genome analysis for 163 guide RNAs in Cas9 edited mice reveals minimal off-target activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.02.20.432102v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Widespread cryptic variation in genetic architecture between the sexes 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.02.20.432102v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The majority of the genome is shared between the sexes, and it is expected that the genetic architecture of most traits is shared as well. This common architecture has been viewed as a major source of constraint on the evolution of sexual dimorphism (SD). SD is nonetheless common in nature, leading to assumptions that it results from differential regulation of shared genetic architecture. Here, we study the effect of thousands of gene knock-out mutations on 202 mouse phenotypes to explore how regulatory variation affects SD. We show that many traits are dimorphic to some extent, and that a surprising proportion of knock-outs have sex-specific phenotypic effects. Many traits, regardless whether they are monomorphic or dimorphic, harbor cryptic differences in genetic architecture between the sexes, resulting in sexually discordant phenotypic effects from sexually concordant regulatory changes. This provides an alternative route to dimorphism through sex-specific genetic architecture, rather than differential regulation of shared architecture.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>van der Bijl, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mank, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.20.432102</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Widespread cryptic variation in genetic architecture between the sexes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.11.11.468142v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MusMorph, a database of standardized mouse morphology data for morphometric meta-analyses 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.11.11.468142v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Complex morphological traits are the product of many genes with transient or lasting developmental effects that interact in anatomical context. Mouse models are a key resource for disentangling such effects, because they offer myriad tools for manipulating the genome in a controlled environment. Unfortunately, phenotypic data are often obtained using laboratory-specific protocols, resulting in self-contained datasets that are difficult to relate to one another for larger scale analyses. To enable meta-analyses of morphological variation, particularly in the craniofacial complex and brain, we created MusMorph, a database of standardized mouse morphology data spanning numerous genotypes and developmental stages, including E10.5, E11.5, E14.5, E15.5, E18.5, and adulthood. To standardize data collection, we implemented an atlas-based phenotyping pipeline that combines techniques from image registration, deep learning, and morphometrics. Alongside stage-specific atlases, we provide aligned micro-computed tomography images, dense anatomical landmarks, and segmentations (if available) for each specimen (N=10,056). Our workflow is open-source to encourage transparency and reproducible data collection. The MusMorph data and scripts are available on FaceBase (www.facebase.org, doi.org/10.25550/3-HXMC) and GitHub (https://github.com/jaydevine/MusMorph).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Devine, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vidal-Garcia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neves, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lo Vercio, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Green, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richbourg, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marchini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unger, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nickle, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Radford, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, P. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schuler, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bugacov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rolian, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Percival, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niswander, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calof, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lander, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Visel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jirik, F. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheverud, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klein, O. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Birnbaum, R. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merrill, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ackermann, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graf, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hemberger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dean, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forkert, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murray, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Westerberg, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marcucio, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hallgrimsson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.11.468142</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MusMorph, a database of standardized mouse morphology data for morphometric meta-analyses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.10.12.464046v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptome-wide Association Study and eQTL colocalization identify potentially causal genes responsible for bone mineral density GWAS associations 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.10.12.464046v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for bone mineral density (BMD) have identified over 1,100 associations to date. However, identifying causal genes implicated by such studies has been challenging. Recent advances in the development of transcriptome reference datasets and computational approaches such as transcriptome-wide association studies (TWASs) and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) colocalization have proven to be informative in identifying putatively causal genes underlying GWAS associations. Here, we used TWAS/eQTL colocalization in conjunction with transcriptomic data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project to identify potentially causal genes for the largest BMD GWAS performed to date. Using this approach, we identified 512 genes as significant (Bonferroni <= 0.05) using both TWAS and eQTL colocalization. This set of genes was enriched for regulators of BMD and members of bone relevant biological processes. To investigate the significance of our findings, we selected PPP6R3, the gene with the strongest support from our analysis which was not previously implicated in the regulation of BMD, for further investigation. We observed that Ppp6r3 deletion in mice decreased BMD. In this work, we provide an updated resource of putatively causal BMD genes and demonstrate that PPP6R3 is a putatively causal BMD GWAS gene. These data increase our understanding of the genetics of BMD and provide further evidence for the utility of combined TWAS/colocalization approaches in untangling the genetics of complex traits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Al-Barghouthi, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenow, W. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, K.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maynard, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mesner, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calabrese, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakasone, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Senwar, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerstenfeld, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferguson, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ackert-Bicknell, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morgan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brautigan, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farber, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.12.464046</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptome-wide Association Study and eQTL colocalization identify potentially causal genes responsible for bone mineral density GWAS associations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/838193v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Application of long-read sequencing for robust identification of correct alleles in genome edited animals 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/838193v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent developments in CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing tools have facilitated the introduction of more complex alleles, often spanning genetic intervals of several kilobases, directly into the embryo. These techniques often produce mosaic founder animals and the introduction of donor templates, via homologous directed repair, can be erroneous or incomplete. Newly generated alleles must be verified at the sequence level across the targeted locus. Screening for the presence of the desired mutant allele using traditional sequencing methods can be challenging due to the size of the desired edit(s) together with founder mosaicism. In order to help disentangle the genetic complexity of these animals, we tested the application of Oxford Nanopore long read sequencing of the targeted locus. Taking advantage of sequencing the entire length of the segment in each single read, we were able to determine whether the entire intended mutant sequence was present in both mosaic founders and their offspring.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McCabe, C. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Codner, G. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allan, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caulder, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loeffler, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mackenzie, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malzer, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mianne, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pike, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hutchison, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gates, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wells, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanderson, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teboul, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/838193</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Application of long-read sequencing for robust identification of correct alleles in genome edited animals]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.11.08.467777v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Prevalent mouse phenotypes in the unexplored druggable genome 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.11.08.467777v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Among the estimated ~23,000 protein encoding human genes, the class of  druggable genes- defined by their ability to bind drug-like compounds- represents an enticing collection of targets for clinical intervention. Yet many if not most of these genes remain poorly understood and understudied. Here we evaluate three major classes of druggable genes (GPCRs, ion channels, and kinases) and found that a third of these remain largely ignored yet display significant mouse phenotypes upon genetic ablation. We show that both well-studied and understudied druggable genes share a similar number and spectrum of phenotypes. Moreover, many of the mouse phenotypes arising from the ablation of both well-studied and understudied druggable genes show similarities with symptoms in rare human diseases. Collectively these data diminish the notion that most poorly studied genes may not be especially  important and highlight therapeutic opportunities and potential disease models among poorly characterized druggable genes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gulyaeva, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oprea, T. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lloyd, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roth, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McManus, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.08.467777</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Prevalent mouse phenotypes in the unexplored druggable genome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
</rdf:RDF>
