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	<title>bioRxiv Channel: Micron Oxford</title>
	<link>https://biorxiv.org</link>
	<description>
	This feed contains articles for bioRxiv Channel "Micron Oxford"
	</description>

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	<prism:publicationName>bioRxiv</prism:publicationName>
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	<title>bioRxiv</title>
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	<link>https://biorxiv.org</link>
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	<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/058081v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Drosophila sensory cilia lacking MKS-proteins exhibit striking defects during development but only subtle defects in adults 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/058081v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cilia are conserved organelles that have important motility, sensory and signalling roles. The transition zone (TZ) at the base of the cilium is critical for cilia function, and defects in several TZ proteins are associated with human congenital ciliopathies such as Nephronophthisis (NPHP) and Meckel Gruber syndrome (MKS). In several species, MKS and NPHP proteins form separate complexes that cooperate with Cep290 to assemble the TZ, but flies lack an obvious NPHP complex. We show that MKS proteins in flies are spatially separated from Cep290 at the TZ, and that flies mutant for individual MKS genes fail to recruit other MKS proteins to the TZ, while Cep290 appears to be recruited normally. Although there are abnormalities in microtubule and membrane organisation in developing MKS mutant cilia, these defects are less apparent in adults, where sensory cilia and sperm flagella function quite normally. Thus, surprisingly, MKS proteins are not essential for cilia or flagella function in flies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Metta B. Pratt</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshua S. Titlow</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ilan Davis</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amy R. Barker</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helen R. Dawe</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jordan W. Raff</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helio Roque</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-06-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/058081</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Drosophila sensory cilia lacking MKS-proteins exhibit striking defects during development but only subtle defects in adults]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-06-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/128785v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single Molecule Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation For Quantitating Post-Transcriptional Regulation In Drosophila Brains 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/128785v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RNA in situ hybridization can be a powerful method to investigate post-transcriptional regulation, but analysis of intracellular mRNA distributions in thick, complex tissues like the brain poses significant challenges. Here, we describe the application of single-molecule fluorescent in situ hybridization (smFISH) to quantitate primary transcription and post-transcriptional regulation in whole-mount Drosophila larval and adult brains. Combining immunofluorescence and smFISH probes for different regions of a single gene, i.e., exons, 3UTR, and introns, we show examples of a gene that is regulated post-transcriptionally and one that is regulated at the level of transcription. We also show that the method can be used to co-visualise a variety of different transcripts and proteins in neuronal stems cells as well as deep brain structures such as mushroom body neuropils. Finally, we introduce the use of smFISH as asensitivealternative to conventional antibody labelling to mark specific neural stem cell populations in the brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Titlow, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ennis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchell, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, F. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waddell, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ish-Horowicz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-04-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/128785</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single Molecule Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation For Quantitating Post-Transcriptional Regulation In Drosophila Brains]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-04-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/136655v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Imp/Syp Temporal Gradients Govern Decommissioning Of Drosophila Neural Stem Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/136655v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Timing of Drosophila neuroblast decommissioning is controlled in a lineage-specific manner. Following a prepupal ecdysone pulse, the ecdysone receptor and mediator complex cause neuroblasts to shrink. Shrinking is followed by nuclear accumulation of Prospero and cell cycle exit. Only mushroom body (MB) neuroblasts escape early pupal termination. Here, we demonstrate that the opposing temporal gradients of Imp and Syp RNA-binding proteins that govern temporal fate also regulate neuroblast decommissioning. The Imp gradient declines slower in MB neuroblasts so they still express Imp when it is absent from others. The presence of Imp in MB neuroblasts prevents decommissioning partly through inhibiting the mediator complex. Moreover, a timely induction of Imp can protect many non-MB neuroblasts from aging. We also show that the increasing Syp gradient permits Prospero accumulation and neuroblast termination. Together our results reveal that progeny temporal fate and progenitor decommissioning are co-regulated in protracted neuronal lineages.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samuels, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ish-Horowicz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/136655</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Imp/Syp Temporal Gradients Govern Decommissioning Of Drosophila Neural Stem Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/135848v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regulating prospero mRNA Stability Determines When Neural Stem Cells Stop Dividing 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/135848v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During Drosophila and vertebrate brain development, the conserved transcription factor Prospero/Prox1 is an important regulator of the transition between proliferation and differentiation. Prospero level is low in neural stem cells and their immediate progeny, but is upregulated in larval neurons and it is unknown how this process is controlled. Here, we use single molecule fluorescent in situ hybridisation to show that larval neurons selectively transcribe a long prospero mRNA isoform containing a 15 kb 3 untranslated region, which is bound in the brain by the conserved RNA-binding protein Syncrip/hnRNPQ. Syncrip binding increases the mRNA stability of the long prospero isoform, which allows an upregulation of Prospero protein production. Our findings highlight a regulatory strategy involving alternative polyadenylation followed by differential post-transcriptional regulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samuels, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arava, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robertson, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jarvelin, A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ish-Horowicz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/135848</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regulating prospero mRNA Stability Determines When Neural Stem Cells Stop Dividing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/137406v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Brain Development: Machine Learning Analysis Of Individual Stem Cells In Live 3D Tissue 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/137406v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A major challenge in cell and developmental biology is the automated identification and quantitation of cells in complex multilayered tissues. We developed CytoCensus: an easily deployed implementation of supervised machine learning that extends convenient 2D "point- and-click" user training to 3D detection of cells in challenging datasets with ill-defined cell boundaries. In tests on these datasets, CytoCensus outperforms other freely available image analysis software in accuracy and speed of cell detection. We used CytoCensus to count stem cells and their progeny, and to quantify individual cell divisions from time-lapse movies of explanted Drosophila larval brains, comparing wild-type and mutant phenotypes. We further illustrate the general utility and future potential of CytoCensus by analysing the 3D organisation of multiple cell classes in Zebrafish retinal organoids and cell distributions in mouse embryos. CytoCensus opens the possibility of straightforward and robust automated analysis of developmental phenotypes in complex tissues.nnSummaryHailstone et al. develop CytoCensus, a "point-and-click" supervised machine-learning image analysis software to quantitatively identify defined cell classes and divisions from large multidimensional data sets of complex tissues. They demonstrate its utility in analysing challenging developmental phenotypes in living explanted Drosophila larval brains, mammalian embryos and zebrafish organoids. They further show, in comparative tests, a significant improvement in performance over existing easy-to-use image analysis software.nnnnO_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=198 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/137406v4_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">nView larger version (93K):norg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@68912corg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@11300bdorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@95810corg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@14b77a6_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG HighlightsO_LICytoCensus: machine learning quantitation of cell types in complex 3D tissuesnC_LIO_LISingle cell analysis of division rates from movies of living Drosophila brains in 3DnC_LIO_LIDiverse applications in the analysis of developing vertebrate tissues and organoidsnC_LIO_LIOutperforms other image analysis software on challenging, low SNR datasets testednC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hailstone, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waithe, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samuels, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arava, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dobrzycki, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parton, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/137406</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Brain Development: Machine Learning Analysis Of Individual Stem Cells In Live 3D Tissue]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/187237v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Antisense transcription-dependent chromatin signature modulates sense transcription and transcript dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/187237v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Antisense transcription is widespread in genomes. Despite large differences in gene size and architecture, we find that yeast and human genes share a unique, antisense transcription-associated chromatin signature. We asked whether this signature is related to a biological function for antisense transcription. Using quantitative RNA-FISH, we observed changes in sense transcript distributions in nuclei and cytoplasm as antisense transcript levels were altered. To determine the mechanistic differences underlying these distributions, we developed a mathematical framework describing transcription from initiation to transcript degradation. At GAL1, high levels of antisense transcription alters sense transcription dynamics, reducing rates of transcript production and processing, while increasing transcript stability, which is also a genome-wide association. Establishing the antisense transcription-associated chromatin signature through disruption of the Set3C histone deacetylase activity is sufficient to similarly change these rates even in the absence of antisense transcription. Thus, antisense transcription alters sense transcription dynamics in a chromatin-dependent manner.nnnnO_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=198 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/187237_fig8.gif" ALT="Figure 8">nView larger version (52K):norg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@4f872corg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1339662org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1d62cc2org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@148f24_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG Graphical AbstractnnC_FIG In this work, Brown et al. provide a mechanistic understanding of the effect of antisense transcription on the production and fate of sense transcripts. Antisense transcription buffers genes against the action of the Set3 lysine deacetylase, thus altering rates of transcript production, processing and stability. O_LIConserved antisense transcription-dependent chromatin architecture near promotersnC_LIO_LIAntisense transcription alters sense transcription dynamics and transcript stabilitynC_LIO_LIAntisense transcription functions in a chromatin-dependent mannernC_LIO_LIIncreased acetylation by set3{Delta} mimics high antisense transcriptional dynamicsnC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brown, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howe, F. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murray, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seward, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rata, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mellor, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-09-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/187237</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Antisense transcription-dependent chromatin signature modulates sense transcription and transcript dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-09-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/124107v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cohesin Can Remain Associated With Chromosomes During DNA Replication 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/124107v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To ensure disjunction to opposite poles during anaphase, sister chromatids must be held together following DNA replication. This is mediated by cohesin, which is thought to entrap sister DNAs inside a tripartite ring composed of its Smc and kleisin (Scc1) subunits. How such structures are created during S phase is poorly understood, in particular whether they are derived from complexes that had entrapped DNAs prior to replication. To address this, we used selective photobleaching to determine whether cohesin associated with chromatin in G1 persists in situ after replication. We used unlabelled HaloTag ligand following fluorescent labelling to block newly synthesised Halo-tagged Scc1 protein from incorporating fluorescent dye (pulse-chase or pcFRAP). In cells whose cohesin turnover is inactivated by deletion of WAPL, Scc1 remains associated with chromatin throughout S phase. These findings suggest that cohesion might be generated by cohesin that is already bound to unreplicated DNA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rhodes, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haarhuis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grimm, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rowland, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavis, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nasmyth, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-04-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/124107</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cohesin Can Remain Associated With Chromosomes During DNA Replication]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-04-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/136754v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Scc2/Nipbl Hops Between Chromosomal Cohesin Rings After Loading 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/136754v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cohesin complex mediates DNA-DNA interactions both between (sister chromatid cohesion) and within chromosomes (DNA looping) via a process thought to involve entrapment of DNAs within its tripartite ring. It has been suggested that intra- chromosome loops are generated through processive extrusion of DNAs through the lumen of cohesins ring. Scc2 (Nipbl) is essential for loading cohesin onto chromosomes but not for maintaining sister chromatid cohesion following DNA replication. It has therefore been assumed that Scc2 is involved exclusively in the cohesin loading process. However, it is possible that the stimulation of cohesins ABC-like ATPase by Scc2 also has a post-loading function, for example driving loop extrusion. Using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and single-molecule tracking, we show that Scc2 binds dynamically to chromatin, principally through an association with cohesin. Scc2s movement within chromatin is consistent with a "stop-and-go" or "hopping" motion. We suggest that a low diffusion coefficient, a low stoichiometry relative to cohesin, and a high affinity for chromosomal cohesin enables Scc2 to move rapidly from one chromosomal cohesin complex to another, performing a function distinct from loading.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rhodes, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazza, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nasmyth, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uphoff, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/136754</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Scc2/Nipbl Hops Between Chromosomal Cohesin Rings After Loading]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/180729v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Asymmetric MukB ATPases are regulated independently by the N- and C-terminal domains of MukF kleisin 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/180729v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Escherichia coli SMC complex, MukBEF, acts in chromosome segregation. MukBEF shares the distinctive architecture of other SMC complexes, with one prominent difference; unlike other kleisins, MukF forms dimers through its N-terminal domain. We show that a 4-helix bundle adjacent to the MukF dimerization domain interacts functionally with the MukB coiled-coiled  neck adjacent to the ATPase head, forming an asymmetric tripartite complex, as in other SMC complexes. Since MukF dimerization is preserved during this interaction, MukF directs the formation of dimer of dimers MukBEF complexes, observed previously in vivo. The MukF N- and C-terminal domains stimulate ATPase independently and additively, consistent with them each targeting only one of the two MukB ATPase active sites in the asymmetric complex. We demonstrate that MukF interaction with the MukB neck turns over during cycles of ATP binding and hydrolysis in vivo and that impairment of this interaction leads to MukBEF release from chromosomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zawadzka, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zawadzki, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajasekar, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sherratt, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arciszewska, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/180729</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Asymmetric MukB ATPases are regulated independently by the N- and C-terminal domains of MukF kleisin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/076109v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Diffusion of lipids and GPI-anchored proteins in actin-free plasma membrane vesicles measured by STED-FCS 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/076109v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Diffusion and interaction dynamics of molecules at the plasma membrane play an important role in cellular signalling. These have been suggested to be strongly associated with the actin cytoskeleton. Here, we utilise super-resolution STED microscopy combined with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (STED-FCS) to access the sub-diffraction diffusion regime of different fluorescent lipid analogues and GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) in the cellular plasma membrane, and compare it to the diffusion regime of these molecules in cell-derived actin-free giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs). We show that phospholipids and sphingomyelin, which undergo hindered diffusion in the live cell membrane, diffuse freely in the GPMVs. In contrast to sphingomyelin, which is transiently trapped on molecular-scale complexes in intact cells, diffusion of the ganglioside lipid GM1 suggests transient incorporation into nanodomains, which is less influenced by the actin cortex. Finally, our data on GPI-APs indicate two molecular pools in living cells, one pool showing high mobility with trapped and compartmentalized diffusion, and the other forming immobile clusters both of which disappear in GPMVs. Our data underlines the crucial role of the actin cortex in maintaining hindered diffusion modes of most but not all membrane molecules.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Falk Schneider</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathias P Clausen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dominic Waithe</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas Koller</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunes Ozhan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christian Eggeling</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erdinc Sezgin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/076109</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Diffusion of lipids and GPI-anchored proteins in actin-free plasma membrane vesicles measured by STED-FCS]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/163766v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Advanced processing and analysis of conventional confocal microscopy generated scanning FCS data 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/163766v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Scanning Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (scanning FCS) is a variant of conventional point FCS that allows molecular diffusion at multiple locations to be measured simultaneously. It enables disclosure of potential spatial heterogeneity in molecular diffusion dynamics and also the acquisition of a large amount of FCS data at the same time, providing large statistical accuracy. Here, we optimize the processing and analysis of these large-scale acquired sets of FCS data. On one hand we present FoCuS-scan, scanning FCS software that provides an end-to-end solution for processing and analysing scanning data acquired on commercial turnkey confocal systems. On the other hand, we provide a thorough characterisation of large-scale scanning FCS data over its intended time-scales and applications and propose a unique solution for the bias and variance observed when studying slowly diffusing species. Our manuscript enables researchers to straightforwardly utilise scanning FCS as a powerful technique for measuring diffusion across a broad range of physiologically relevant length scales without specialised hardware or expensive software.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Waithe, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schneider, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chojnacki, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shrestha, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernardino de la Serna, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eggeling, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-07-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/163766</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Advanced processing and analysis of conventional confocal microscopy generated scanning FCS data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-07-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/107334v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Polarity sensitive probes for super resolution STED microscopy 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/107334v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The lateral organization of molecules in the cellular plasma membrane plays an important role in cellular signaling. A critical parameter for membrane molecular organization is how the membrane lipids are packed (or ordered). Polarity sensitive dyes are powerful tools to characterize such lipid membrane order, employing for example confocal and two-photon microscopy. The investigation of potential lipid nanodomains, however, requires the use of super resolution microscopy. Here, we test the performance of the polarity sensitive membrane dyes Di-4-ANEPPDHQ, Di-4-AN(F)EPPTEA and NR12S in super resolution STED microscopy. Measurements on cell-derived membrane vesicles, in the plasma membrane of live cells, and on single virus particles show the high potential of these dyes for probing nanoscale membrane heterogeneity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sezgin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schneider, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zilles, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waithe, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klymchenko, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eggeling, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-02-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/107334</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Polarity sensitive probes for super resolution STED microscopy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-02-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/039198v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
FRETBursts: An Open Source Toolkit for Analysis of Freely-Diffusing Single-Molecule FRET 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/039198v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-molecule Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (smFRET) allows probing intermolecular interactions and conformational changes in biomacromolecules, and represents an invaluable tool for studying cellular processes at the molecular scale. smFRET experiments can detect the distance between two fluorescent labels (donor and acceptor) in the 3-10 nm range. In the commonly employed confocal geometry, molecules are free to diffuse in solution. When a molecule traverses the excitation volume, it emits a burst of photons, which can be detected by single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) detectors. The intensities of donor and acceptor fluorescence can then be related to the distance between the two fluorophores.nnWhile recent years have seen a growing number of contributions proposing improvements or new techniques in smFRET data analysis, rarely have those publications been accompanied by so.ware implementation. In particular, despite the widespread application of smFRET, no complete so.ware package for smFRET burst analysis is freely available to date.nnIn this paper, we introduce FRETBursts, an open source software for analysis of freely-diffusing smFRET data. FRETBursts allows executing all the fundamental steps of smFRET bursts analysis using state-of-the-art as well as novel techniques, while providing an open, robust and welldocumented implementation. Therefore, FRETBursts represents an ideal platform for comparison and development of new methods in burst analysis.nnWe employ modern software engineering principles in order to minimize bugs and facilitate long-term maintainability. Furthermore, we place a strong focus on reproducibility by relying on Jupyter notebooks for FRETBursts execution. Notebooks are executable documents capturing all the steps of the analysis (including data files, input parameters, and results) and can be easily shared to replicate complete smFRET analyzes. Notebooks allow beginners to execute complex workflows and advanced users to customize the analysis for their own needs. By bundling analysis description, code and results in a single document, FRETBursts allows to seamless share analysis workflows and results, encourages reproducibility and facilitates collaboration among researchers in the single-molecule community.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Antonino Ingargiola</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eitan Lerner</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>SangYoon Chung</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shimon Weiss</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xavier Michalet</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-02-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/039198</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[FRETBursts: An Open Source Toolkit for Analysis of Freely-Diffusing Single-Molecule FRET]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-02-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/076752v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Laurdan and di-4-ANEPPDHQ probe different properties of the membrane 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/076752v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lipid packing is a crucial feature of cellular membranes. Quantitative analysis of membrane lipid packing can be achieved using polarity sensitive probes whose emission spectrum depends on the lipid packing. However, detailed insight into the exact mechanism that causes the spectral shift is essential to interpret the data correctly. Here, we analysed frequently used polarity sensitive probes, Laurdan and di-4-ANEPPDHQ, to test whether the underlying physical mechanisms of their spectral shift is the same, thus whether they report on the same physico-chemical properties of the cell membrane. Their steady-state spectra as well as time-resolved emission spectra in solvents and model membranes showed that they probe different properties of the lipid membrane. Our findings are important for the application of these dyes in cell biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mariana Amaro</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Francesco Reina</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin Hof</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christian Eggeling</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erdinc Sezgin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-09-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/076752</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Laurdan and di-4-ANEPPDHQ probe different properties of the membrane]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-09-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/448613v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
IsoSense: frequency enhanced sensorless adaptive optics through structured illumination 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/448613v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We present IsoSense, a wavefront sensing method that mitigates sample dependency in image based sensorless adaptive optics applications in microscopy. Our method employs structured illumination to create additional, high spatial frequencies in the image through custom illumination patterns. This improves the reliability of image quality metric calculations and enables sensorless wavefront measurement even in samples with sparse spatial frequency content. We demonstrate the feasibility of IsoSense for aberration correction in a deformable mirror based structured illumination superresolution fluorescence microscope.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zurauskas, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dobbie, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parton, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillips, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gohler, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Booth, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/448613</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[IsoSense: frequency enhanced sensorless adaptive optics through structured illumination]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/533133v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Testing models of mRNA localization reveals robustness regulated by reducing transport between cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/533133v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Robust control of gene expression in both space and time is of central importance in the regulation of cellular processes, and for multicellular development. However, the mechanisms by which robustness is achieved are generally not identified or well understood. For example, mRNA localization by molecular-motor-driven transport is crucial for cell polarization in numerous contexts, but the regulatory mechanisms that enable this process to take place in the face of noise or significant perturbations are not fully understood. Here we use a combined experimental-theoretical approach to characterize the robustness of gurken/TGF-alpha mRNA localization in Drosophila egg chambers, where the oocyte and 15 surrounding nurse cells are connected in a stereotypic network via intracellular bridges known as ring canals. We construct a mathematical model that encodes simplified descriptions of the range of steps involved in mRNA localization, including production and transport between and within cells until the final destination in the oocyte. Using Bayesian inference, we calibrate this model using quantitative single molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization data. By analyzing both the steady state and dynamic behaviours of the model, we provide estimates for the rates of different steps of the localization process, as well as the extent of directional bias in transport through the ring canals. The model predicts that mRNA synthesis and transport must be tightly balanced to maintain robustness, a prediction which we tested experimentally using an over-expression mutant. Surprisingly, the over-expression mutant fails to display the anticipated degree of overaccumulation of mRNA in the oocyte predicted by the model. Through careful model-based analysis of quantitative data from the over-expression mutant we show evidence of saturation of transport of mRNA through ring canals. We conclude that this saturation engenders robustness of the localization process, in the face of significant variation in the levels of mRNA synthesis.

Statement of significanceFor development to function correctly and reliably across a population, gene expression must be controlled robustly in a repeatable manner. How this robustness is achieved is not well understood. We use modelling to better study the localization of polarity determining transcripts (RNA) in fruit fly development. By calibrating our model with quantitative imaging data we are able to make experimentally testable predictions, comparison of which with data from a genetic mutant, reveals evidence that saturation of RNA transport contributes to the robustness of RNA localization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Harrison, J. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parton, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/533133</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Testing models of mRNA localization reveals robustness regulated by reducing transport between cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/585679v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Syncrip/hnRNPQ is required for activity-induced Msp300/Nesprin-1 expression and new synapse formation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/585679v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Memory and learning involve activity-driven expression of proteins and cytoskeletal reorganisation at new synapses, often requiring post-transcriptional regulation a long distance from corresponding nuclei. A key factor expressed early in synapse formation is Msp300/Nesprin-1, which organises actin filaments around the new synapse. How Msp300 expression is regulated during synaptic plasticity is not yet known. Here, we show that the local translation of msp300 is promoted during activity-dependent plasticity by the conserved RNA binding protein Syncrip/hnRNP Q, which binds to msp300 transcripts and is essential for plasticity. Single molecule imaging shows that Syncrip is associated in vivo with msp300 mRNA in ribosome-rich particles. Elevated neural activity alters the dynamics of Syncrip RNP granules at the synapse, suggesting a change in particle composition or binding that facilitates translation. These results introduce Syncrip as an important early-acting activity-dependent translational regulator of a plasticity gene that is strongly associated with human ataxias.nnSyncrip regulates synaptic plasticity via msp300Titlow et al. find that Syncrip (hnRNPQ RNA binding protein) acts directly on msp300 to modulate activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. In vivo biophysical experiments reveal activity-dependent changes in RNP complex sizes compatible with an increase in translation at the synapse.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Titlow, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robertson, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jarvelin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ish-Horowicz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gratton, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/585679</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Syncrip/hnRNPQ is required for activity-induced Msp300/Nesprin-1 expression and new synapse formation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/123596v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Scc2-Mediated Loading Of Cohesin Onto Chromosomes In G1 Yeast Cells Is Insufficient To Build Cohesion During S Phase 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/123596v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sister chromatids are held together from their replication until mitosis. Sister chromatid cohesion is mediated by the ring-shaped cohesin complex and it is thought that cohesin holds sister chromatids together by entrapping sister DNAs within the cohesin ring (Haering et al., 2008). However, how this occurs is not well understood. Because cohesin binds to DNA prior to replication it is possible that the replication fork passes through the lumen of the ring thereby placing replicated sisters inside cohesin rings. If this is the case, loading of cohesin in the G1 phase may be sufficient to build cohesion.nnWe show here that Scc2, a cohesin subunit required for loading cohesin onto chromosomes de novo, is necessary for establishment of cohesion even after Scc2-mediated loading has already taken place during late G1 or early S phase. Our results challenge a previous conclusion based on related experiments whereby Scc2 was found not to be required for cohesion establishment during S phase (Lengronne et al., 2006).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nasmyth, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/123596</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Scc2-Mediated Loading Of Cohesin Onto Chromosomes In G1 Yeast Cells Is Insufficient To Build Cohesion During S Phase]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/197848v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The cohesin ring uses its hinge to organize DNA using non-topological as well as topological mechanisms 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/197848v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
As predicted by the notion that sister chromatid cohesion is mediated by entrapment of sister DNAs inside cohesin rings, there is a perfect correlation between co-entrapment of circular minichromosomes and sister chromatid cohesion in a large variety of mutants. In most cells where cohesin loads onto chromosomes but fails to form cohesion, loading is accompanied by entrapment of individual DNAs. However, cohesin with a hinge domain whose positively charged lumen has been neutralized not only loads onto and translocates along chromatin but also organizes it into chromatid-like threads, despite largely failing to entrap DNAs inside its ring. Thus, cohesin engages chromatin in a non-topological as well as a topological manner. Our finding that hinge mutations, but not fusions between Smc and kleisin subunits, abolish entrapment suggests that DNAs may enter cohesin rings through hinge opening. Lastly, mutation of three highly conserved lysine residues inside the Smc1 moiety of Smc1/3 hinges abolishes all loading without affecting cohesins initial recruitment to CEN loading sites or its ability to hydrolyze ATP. We suggest that loading and translocation are mediated by conformational changes in cohesins hinge driven by cycles of ATP hydrolysis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Srinivasan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheinost, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petela, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gligoris, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wissler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ogushi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collier, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voulgaris, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurze, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, K.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Costanzo, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nasmyth, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/197848</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The cohesin ring uses its hinge to organize DNA using non-topological as well as topological mechanisms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/205914v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiple interactions between Scc1 and Scc2 activate cohesin’s DNA dependent ATPase and replace Pds5 during loading 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/205914v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In addition to sharing with condensin an ability to organize DNA into chromatids, cohesin regulates enhancer-promoter interactions and confers sister chromatid cohesion. Association with chromosomes is regulated by hook-shaped HEAT repeat proteins that Associate With its Kleisin (Scc1) subunit (HAWKs), namely Scc3, Pds5, and Scc2. Unlike Pds5, Scc2 is not a stable cohesin constituent but, as shown here, transiently displaces Pds5 during loading. Scc1 mutations that compromise its interaction with Scc2 adversely affect cohesins ATPase activity, loading, and translocation while Scc2 mutations that alter how the ATPase responds to DNA abolish loading despite cohesins initial association with loading sites. Lastly, Scc2 mutations that permit loading in the absence of Scc4 increase Scc2s association with chromosomal cohesin and reduce that of Pds5. We suggest that cohesin switches between two states, one with Pds5 bound to Scc1 that is not able to hydrolyse ATP efficiently but is capable of release from chromosomes and another in which Scc2, transiently replacing Pds5, stimulates the ATP hydrolysis necessary for loading and translocation away from loading sites.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Petela, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gligoris, T. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metson, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, B.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voulgaris, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kikuchi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chapard, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajendra, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srinivisan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Löwe, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nasmyth, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/205914</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiple interactions between Scc1 and Scc2 activate cohesin’s DNA dependent ATPase and replace Pds5 during loading]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/495762v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The topology of DNA entrapment by cohesin rings. 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/495762v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cohesin entraps sister DNAs within tripartite rings created by pairwise interactions between Smc1,Smc3, and Scc1. Because the ATPase heads of Smc1 and Smc3 can interact with each other, cohesin rings in fact have the potential to form a variety of sub-compartments. Using in vivo cysteine crosslinking,we show that when Smc1 and Smc3 ATPases are engaged in the presence of ATP (E heads)cohesin rings generate a "SMC (S) compartment" between hinge and E heads and a "kleisin (K)compartment" between E heads and their associated kleisin subunit. Upon ATP hydrolysis, cohesins heads associate with each other in a very different mode, in which their signature motifs and their coiled coils are closely juxtaposed (J heads), creating alternative S and K compartments. We show that all four sub-compartments exist in vivo, that acetylation of Smc3 during S phase is accompanied by an increase in the ratio of J to E heads, and that sister DNAs are entrapped in J-K but not E-K compartments or in either type of S compartment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chapard, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Oepen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheinost, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nasmyth, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/495762</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The topology of DNA entrapment by cohesin rings.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/513960v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Scc2 counteracts a Wapl-independent mechanism that releases cohesin from chromosomes during G1 but is unnecessary during S phase for establishing cohesion 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/513960v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cohesins association with chromosomes is determined by loading dependent on the Scc2/4 complex and release due to Wapl. We show here that Scc2/4 is not merely a loading complex and that it actively maintains cohesin on chromosomes during G1. It does so by blocking a Wapl-independent release reaction that requires opening the cohesin ring at its Smc3/Scc1 interface as well as the D loop of Smc1s ATPase. The Wapl-independent release mechanism is switched off as cells activate Cdk1 and enter G2/M and cannot be turned back on without cohesins dissociation from chromosomes. The latter phenomenon enabled us to show that cohesin that has already captured DNA in a Scc2-dependent manner before replication no longer requires Scc2 to capture sister DNAs during S phase.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nasmyth, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srinivasan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petela, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheinost, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collier, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voulgaris, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunet-Roig, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beckouët, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/513960</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Scc2 counteracts a Wapl-independent mechanism that releases cohesin from chromosomes during G1 but is unnecessary during S phase for establishing cohesion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/188722v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pathways of DNA unlinking: A story of stepwise simplification 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/188722v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In Escherichia coli DNA replication yields interlinked chromosomes. Controlling topological changes associated with replication and returning the newly replicated chromosomes to an unlinked monomeric state is essential to cell survival. In the absence of the topoisomerase topoIV, the site-specific recombination complex XerCD-dif-FtsK can remove replication links by local reconnection. We previously showed mathematically that there is a unique minimal pathway of unlinking replication links by reconnection while stepwise reducing the topological complexity. However, the possibility that reconnection preserves or increases topological complexity is biologically plausible. In this case, are there other unlinking pathways? Which is the most probable? We consider these questions in an analytical and numerical study of minimal unlinking pathways. We use a Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm with Multiple Markov Chain sampling to model local reconnection on 491 different substrate topologies, 166 knots and 325 links, and distinguish between pathways connecting a total of 881 different topologies. We conclude that the minimal pathway of unlinking replication links that was found under more stringent assumptions is the most probable. We also present exact results on unlinking a 6-crossing replication link. These results point to a general process of topology simplification by local reconnection, with applications going beyond DNA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stolz, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoshida, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brasher, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flanner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ishihara, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sherratt, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shimokawa, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vazquez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-09-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/188722</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pathways of DNA unlinking: A story of stepwise simplification]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-09-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/304600v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Self-organised segregation of bacterial chromosomal origins 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/304600v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In spite of much effort, many aspects of chromosome organisation and segregation in bacteria remain unclear. Even for Escherichia coli, the most widely studied bacterial model organism, we still do not know the underlying mechanisms. Like many other bacteria, the chromosomal origin of replication in E. coli is dynamically positioned throughout the cell cycle. Initially maintained at mid-cell, where replication occurs, origins are subsequently partitioned to opposite quarter positions. The Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes (SMC) complex, MukBEF, which is required for correct chromosome compaction and organisation, has been implicated in this behaviour but the mode of action is unknown. Here, we build on a recent self-organising model for the positioning of E. coli MukBEF, to propose an explanation for the positioning and partitioning of origins. We propose that a specific association of MukBEF with the origin region, results in a non-trivial feedback between the self-organising MukBEF gradient and the origins, leading to accurate positioning and partitioning as an emergent property. We compare the model to quantitative experimental data of origin dynamics and their colocalisation with MukBEF clusters and find excellent agreement. Overall, the model suggests that MukBEF and origins act together as a self-organising system for chromosome segregation and introduces protein self-organisation as an important consideration for future studies of chromosome dynamics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Murray, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sourjik, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/304600</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Self-organised segregation of bacterial chromosomal origins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/460006v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-molecule imaging of DNA gyrase activity in living Escherichia coli 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/460006v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacterial DNA gyrase introduces negative supercoils into chromosomal DNA and relaxes positive supercoils introduced by replication and transiently by transcription. Removal of these positive supercoils is essential for replication fork progression and for the overall unlinking of the two duplex DNA strands, as well as for ongoing transcription. To address how gyrase copes with these topological challenges, we used high-speed single-molecule fluorescence imaging in live Escherichia coli cells. We demonstrate that at least 300 gyrase molecules are stably bound to the chromosome at any time, with [~]12 enzymes enriched near each replication fork. Trapping of reaction intermediates with ciprofloxacin revealed complexes undergoing catalysis. Dwell times of [~]2 s were observed for the dispersed gyrase molecules, which we propose maintain steady-state levels of negative supercoiling of the chromosome. In contrast, the dwell time of replisome-proximal molecules was [~]8 s, consistent with these catalyzing processive positive supercoil relaxation in front of the progressing replisome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stracy, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wollman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaja, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gapinski, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leek, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKie, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchenall, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maxwell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sherratt, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leake, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zawadzki, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/460006</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-molecule imaging of DNA gyrase activity in living Escherichia coli]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/381665v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Choosing the right label for single-molecule tracking in live bacteria: Side-by-side comparison of photoactivatable fluorescent protein and Halo tag dyes 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/381665v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Visualizing and quantifying molecular motion and interactions inside living cells provides crucial insight into the mechanisms underlying cell function. This has been achieved by super-resolution localization microscopy and single-molecule tracking in conjunction with photoactivatable fluorescent proteins. An alternative labelling approach relies on genetically-encoded protein tags with cell-permeable fluorescent ligands which are brighter and less prone to photobleaching than fluorescent proteins but require a laborious labelling process. Either labelling method is associated with significant advantages and disadvantages that should be taken into consideration depending on the microscopy experiment planned. Here, we describe an optimised procedure for labelling Halo-tagged proteins in live Escherichia coli cells. We provide a side-by-side comparison of Halo tag with different fluorescent ligands against the popular photoactivatable fluorescent protein PAmCherry. Using test proteins with different intracellular dynamics, we evaluated fluorescence intensity, background, photostability, and single-molecule localization and tracking results. Capitalising on the brightness and extended spectral range of fluorescent Halo ligands, we also demonstrate high-speed and dual-colour single-molecule tracking.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Banaz, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makela, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uphoff, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/381665</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Choosing the right label for single-molecule tracking in live bacteria: Side-by-side comparison of photoactivatable fluorescent protein and Halo tag dyes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/551911v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gene expression noise randomizes the adaptive response to DNA alkylation damage in E. coli 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/551911v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
DNA damage caused by alkylating chemicals induces an adaptive response in Escherichia coli cells that increases their tolerance to further damage. Signalling of the response occurs through methylation of the Ada protein which acts as a damage sensor and induces its own gene expression through a positive feedback loop. However, random fluctuations in the abundance of Ada jeopardize the reliability of the induction signal. I developed a quantitative model to test how gene expression noise and feedback amplification affect the fidelity of the adaptive response. A remarkably simple model accurately reproduced experimental observations from single-cell measurements of gene expression dynamics in a microfluidic device. Stochastic simulations showed that delays in the adaptive response are a direct consequence of the very low number of Ada molecules present to signal DNA damage. For cells that have zero copies of Ada, response activation becomes a memoryless process that is dictated by an exponential waiting time distribution between basal Ada expression events. Experiments also confirmed the model prediction that the strength of the adaptive response drops with increasing growth rate of cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Uphoff, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/551911</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gene expression noise randomizes the adaptive response to DNA alkylation damage in E. coli]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/161554v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Drosophila PLP forms centriolar-clouds that promote centriole stability, cohesion and MT nucleation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/161554v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pericentrin is a conserved centrosomal protein whose dysfunction has been linked to several human diseases. The precise function of Pericentrin, however, is controversial. Here, we examine Drosophila Pericentrin-like- protein (PLP) function in vivo, in tissues that form both centrosomes and cilia. PLP mutant centrioles exhibit four major defects: (1) They are too short and have subtle structural defects; (2) They separate prematurely, and so overduplicate; (3) They organise fewer MTs during interphase; (4) They fail to establish and/or maintain a proper connection to the plasma membrane-- although, surprisingly, mutant centrioles can still form an axoneme and recruit transition zone (TZ) proteins. We show that PLP helps to form " pericentriolar clouds" of electron-dense material that emanate from the central cartwheel spokes and spread outward to surround the mother centriole. The partial loss of these structures may explain the complex centriole, centrosome and cilium defects we observe in PLP mutant cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roque, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pratt, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raff, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/161554</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Drosophila PLP forms centriolar-clouds that promote centriole stability, cohesion and MT nucleation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/203018v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Paleo-Eskimo genetic legacy across North America 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/203018v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Paleo-Eskimos were the first people to settle vast regions of the American Arctic around 5,000 years ago, and were subsequently joined and largely displaced around 1,000 years ago by ancestors of the present-day Inuit and Yupik. The genetic relationship between Paleo-Eskimos and Native American populations remains uncertain. We analyze ancient and present-day genome-wide data from the Americas and Siberia, including new data from Alaskan Inupiat and West Siberian populations, and the first genome-wide DNA from ancient Aleutian Islanders, ancient northern Athabaskans, and a 4,250-year-old individual of the Chukotkan Ust'-Belaya culture. Employing new methods based on rare allele and haplotype sharing as well as established methods based on allele frequency correlations, we show that Paleo-Eskimo ancestry is widespread among populations who speak Na-Dene and Eskimo-Aleut languages. Using phylogenetic modelling with allele frequency correlations and rare variation, we present a comprehensive model for the complex peopling of North America.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Flegontov, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altinisik, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Changmai, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rohland, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mallick, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolnick, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Candilio, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flegontova, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeong, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harper, T. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keating, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kennett, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamnidis, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olalde, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raff, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sattler, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skoglund, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vajda, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasilyev, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veselovskaya, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayes, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Rourke, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinhasi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krause, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reich, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schiffels, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/203018</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Paleo-Eskimo genetic legacy across North America]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/510875v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A free-running oscillator times and executes centriole biogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/510875v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The accurate timing of organelle biogenesis and the precise regulation of organelle size are crucial for cell physiology. Centriole biogenesis initiates exclusively in S-phase, when a daughter centriole emerges from the side of a pre-existing mother and grows until it reaches its mothers size. This process is regulated by Polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4), which is recruited to centrioles in oscillatory waves in flies and human cells 1,2. The nature and function of Plk4 oscillations is, however, unknown. Here we discover that Plk4 forms an adaptive oscillator at the base of the growing centriole, whose function is to time and set the duration of centriole biogenesis in Drosophila embryos. We demonstrate that the Plk4 oscillator is free-running of, but is entrained and calibrated by, the core Cdk/Cyclin cell-cycle oscillator, explaining how centrioles can duplicate independently of the cell cycle 3-5. Mathematical modelling and further experiments indicate that the Plk4 oscillator is generated by a time-delayed negative-feedback loop in which Plk4 recruitment to, and dissociation from, the centriole is monitored via changes in the affinity-state of its centriolar receptor, Asterless. We postulate that such organelle-specific autonomous oscillators could regulate the timing and execution of organelle biogenesis more generally.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aydogan, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinacker, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mofatteh, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gartenmann, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wainman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saurya, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conduit, P. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, F. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boemo, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raff, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/510875</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A free-running oscillator times and executes centriole biogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/109785v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Constraining CD45 exclusion at close-contacts provides a mechanism for discriminatory T-cell receptor signalling 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/109785v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The T-cell receptor (TCR) triggers the elimination of pathogens and tumors by T lymphocytes. In order for this to avoid damage to the host, the receptor has to discriminate between thousands of peptide ligands presented by each host cell. Exactly how the TCR does this is unknown. In resting T-cells, the TCR is largely unphosphorylated due to the dominance of phosphatases over kinases expressed at the cell surface. When agonist peptides are presented to the TCR by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins expressed by antigen-presenting cells (APCs), very fast receptor triggering occurs, leading to TCR phosphorylation. Recent work suggests that this depends on the local exclusion of the phosphatases from regions of contact of the T cells with the APCs. Here, we develop and test a quantitative treatment of receptor triggering reliant only upon TCR dwell-time in phosphatase-depleted cell-cell contacts constrained in area by cell topography. Using the model and experimentally-derived parameters, we find that ligand discrimination is possible but that it depends crucially on individual contacts being 400 nm in diameter or smaller, i.e. the size generated by microvilli. The model not only correctly predicts the relative signaling potencies of known agonists and non-agonists, but achieves this in the absence of conventional, multi-step kinetic proof-reading. Our work provides a simple, quantitative and predictive molecular framework for understanding why TCR triggering is so selective and fast, and reveals that for some receptors, cell topography crucially influences signaling outcomes.nnSignificance statementOne approach to testing biological theories is to determine if they are predictive. A simple, theoretical treatment of TCR triggering suggests that ligand discrimination by the receptor relies on just two physical principles: (1) the time TCRs spend in cell-cell contacts depleted of large tyrosine phosphatases; and (2) constraints on contact size imposed by T cells using finger-like protrusions to interrogate their targets. The theory not only allows agonistic and non-agonistic TCR ligands to be distinguished but predicts the relative signalling potencies of agonists with remarkable accuracy. This suggests that the theory captures the essential features of receptor triggering.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fernandes, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ganzinger, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tzou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jonsson, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palayret, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santos, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, V. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macleod, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lagerholm, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindsay, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dushek, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tilevik, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klenerman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/109785</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Constraining CD45 exclusion at close-contacts provides a mechanism for discriminatory T-cell receptor signalling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/234427v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A tissue-specific self-interacting chromatin domain forms independently of enhancer-promoter interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/234427v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A variety of self-interacting domains, defined at different levels of resolution, have been described in mammalian genomes. These include Chromatin Compartments (A and B)1, Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)2,3, contact domains4,5, sub-TADs6, insulated neighbourhoods7 and frequently interacting regions (FIREs)8. Whereas many studies have found the organisation of self-interacting domains to be conserved across cell types389, some do form in a lineage-specific manner6710. However, it is not clear to what degree such tissue-specific structures result from processes related to gene activity such as enhancer-promoter interactions or whether they form earlier during lineage commitment and are therefore likely to be prerequisite for promoting gene expression. To examine these models of genome organisation in detail, we used a combination of high-resolution chromosome conformation capture, a newly-developed form of quantitative fluorescence in-situ hybridisation and super-resolution imaging to study a 70 kb self-interacting domain containing the mouse -globin locus. To understand how this self-interacting domain is established, we studied the region when the genes are inactive and during erythroid differentiation when the genes are progressively switched on. In contrast to many current models of long-range gene regulation, we show that an erythroid-specific, decompacted self-interacting domain, delimited by convergent CTCF/cohesin binding sites, forms prior to the onset of robust gene expression. Using previously established mouse models we show that formation of the self-interacting domain does not rely on interactions between the -globin genes and their enhancers. As there are also no tissue-specific changes in CTCF binding, then formation of the domain may simply depend on the presence of activated lineage-specific cis-elements driving a transcription-independent mechanism for opening chromatin throughout the 70 kb region to create a permissive environment for gene expression. These findings are consistent with a model of loop-extrusion in which all segments of chromatin, within a region delimited by CTCF boundary elements, can contact each other. Our findings suggest that activation of tissue-specific element(s)within such a self-interacting region is sufficient to influence all chromatin within the domain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brown, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberts, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graham, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waithe, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lagerholm, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Telenius, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Ornellas, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oudelaar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szczerbal, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Babbs, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kassouf, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hughes, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Higgs, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buckle, V. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/234427</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A tissue-specific self-interacting chromatin domain forms independently of enhancer-promoter interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/235564v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Complementary studies of lipid membrane dynamics using iSCAT and STED microscopy 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/235564v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Observation techniques with high spatial and temporal resolution, such as single-particle tracking (SPT) based on interferometric Scattering (iSCAT) microscopy, and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy applied on a super-resolution STED microscope (STED-FCS), have revealed new insights of the molecular organization of membranes. While delivering complementary information, there are still distinct differences between these techniques, most prominently the use of fluorescent dye-tagged probes for STED-FCS and a need for larger scattering gold nanoparticle tags for iSCAT. In this work we have used lipid analogues tagged with a hybrid fluorescent tag - gold nanoparticle construct, to directly compare the results from STED-FCS and iSCAT measurements of phospholipid diffusion on a homogeneous Supported Lipid Bilayer (SLB). These comparative measurements showed that while the mode of diffusion remained free, at least at the spatial (>40 nm) and temporal (50 [&le;] t [&le;] 100 ms) scales probed, the diffussion coefficient was reduced by 20- to 60-fold when tagging with 20 and 40 nm large gold particles as compared to when using dye-tagged lipid analogues. These FCS measurements of hybrid fluorescent tag - gold nanoparticle labeled lipids also revealed that commercially supplied streptavidin-coated gold nanoparticles contain large quantities of free streptavidin. Finally, the values of apparent diffusion coefficients obtained by STED-FCS and iSCAT differed by a factor of 2-3 across the techniques, while relative differences in mobility between different species of lipid analogues considered were identical in both approaches. In conclusion, our experiments reveal that large and potentially crosslinking scattering tags introduce a significant slow-down in diffusion on SLBs but no additional bias, and our labeling approach creates a new way of exploiting complementary information from STED-FCS and iSCAT measurements.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Reina, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galiani, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shrestha, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sezgin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Wit, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cole, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lagerholm, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kukura, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eggeling, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/235564</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Complementary studies of lipid membrane dynamics using iSCAT and STED microscopy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/350686v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Understanding RNP remodelling uncovers RBPs functionally required for viral replication 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/350686v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The compendium of RNA-binding proteins (RBPome) has been greatly expanded by the development of RNA-interactome capture (RNA-IC). However, it remains unknown how responsive is the RBPome and whether these responses are biologically relevant. To answer these questions, we created  comparative RNA-IC to analyse cells challenged with an RNA virus, called sindbis (SINV). Strikingly, the virus altered the activity of 245 RBPs, many of which were newly discovered by RNA-IC. Mechanistically, alterations in RNA binding upon SINV infection are caused by changes in the subcellular localisation of RBPs and RNA availability. Moreover,  RBPome responses are crucial, as perturbation of dynamic RBPs modulates the capacity of the virus to infect the cell. For example, ablation of XRN1 causes cells to be refractory to infection, while GEMIN5 moonlights as a novel antiviral factor. Therefore, RBPome remodelling provides a mechanism by which cells can extensively rewire gene expression in response to physiological cues.nnHIGHLIGHTSO_LIA quarter of the RBPome remodels upon SINV infection.nC_LIO_LIThe remodelling is caused by changes in protein localisation and RNA availability.nC_LIO_LIRewiring of the RBPome is crucial for viral infection efficacy.nC_LIO_LIWe discover RBPs with previously unknown anti- or pro-viral activity.nC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Moreno, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noerenberg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ni, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jarvelin, A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez-Almela, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lenz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bach-Pages, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cox, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avolio, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hester, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sohier, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanz, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carrasco, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ricci, E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pelechano, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohammed, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castello, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/350686</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Understanding RNP remodelling uncovers RBPs functionally required for viral replication]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/506899v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A thorough RNA-seq characterization of the porcine sperm transcriptome and its seasonal changes 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/506899v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding the molecular basis of cell function and ultimate phenotypes is crucial for the development of biological markers. With this aim, several RNA-seq studies have been devoted to characterize the transcriptome of ejaculated spermatozoa in relation to sperm quality and fertility. Semen quality follows a seasonal pattern and decays in the summer months in several animal species. The aim of this study was to deeply profile the transcriptome of the boar sperm and to evaluate its seasonal changes. We sequenced the total and the short fractions of the sperm RNA from 10 Pietrain boars, 5 collected in summer and 5 five sampled in winter, and identified a complex and rich transcriptome with 4,436 coding genes of moderate to high abundance. Transcript fragmentation was high but less obvious in genes related to spermatogenesis, chromatin compaction and fertility. Short non-coding RNAs mostly included piwi-interacting RNAs, transfer RNAs and micro-RNAs. We also compared the transcriptome of the summer and the winter ejaculates and identified 34 coding genes and 7 micro-RNAs with a significantly distinct distribution. These genes were mostly related to oxidative stress, DNA damage and autophagy. This is the deepest characterization of the boar sperm transcriptome and the first study linking the transcriptome and the seasonal variability of semen quality in animals. The annotation described here can be used as a reference for the identification of markers of sperm quality in pigs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Godia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Estill, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castello, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balasch, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez-Gil, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krawetz, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clop, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/506899</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A thorough RNA-seq characterization of the porcine sperm transcriptome and its seasonal changes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.01.13.904623v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Correlative cryo-structured illumination fluorescence microscopy and soft X-ray tomography elucidates reovirus intracellular release pathway 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.01.13.904623v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Imaging of biological matter across resolution scales presents the challenge of preserving the direct and unambiguous correlation of subject features from the macroscopic to the microscopic level. We present here a correlative imaging platform developed specifically for imaging cells in 3D, under cryogenic conditions. Rapid cryo-preservation of biological specimens is the current gold standard in sample preparation for ultrastructural analysis in X-ray imaging. However, cryogenic fluorescence localisation methods are by and large diffraction-limited and fail to deliver matching resolution. We addressed this technological gap by developing an integrated, user-friendly, platform for 3D correlative imaging of cells in cryo-preserved states using super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (SIM) in conjunction with soft X-ray tomography (SXT). The power of this new approach is demonstrated by studying the process of reovirus release from intracellular vesicles during the early stages of infection and identifying novel virus-induced structures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Harkiolaki, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kounatidis, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stanifer, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillips, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul-Gilloteau, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helligenstein, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okolo, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fish, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spink, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stuart, D. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boulant, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grimes, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dobbie, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.13.904623</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Correlative cryo-structured illumination fluorescence microscopy and soft X-ray tomography elucidates reovirus intracellular release pathway]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.03.09.980334v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CryoSIM: super resolution 3D structured illumination cryogenic fluorescence microscopy for correlated ultra-structural imaging 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.03.09.980334v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rapid cryo-preservation of biological specimens is the gold standard for visualising cellular structures in their true structural context. However, current commercial cryo-fluorescence microscopes are limited to low resolutions. To fill this gap, we have developed cryoSIM, a microscope for 3D super-resolution fluorescence cryo-imaging for correlation with cryo electron microscopy or cryo soft X-ray tomography. We provide the full instructions for replicating the instrument mostly from off-the-shelf components and accessible, user-friendly open source Python control software. Therefore, cryoSIM democratises the ability to detect molecules using super-resolution fluorescence imaging of cryo-preserved specimens for correlation with their cellular ultrastructure.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Phillips, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harkiolaki, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinto, D. M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parton, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palanca, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Moreno, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sedat, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stuart, D. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castello, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Booth, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dobbie, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.09.980334</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CryoSIM: super resolution 3D structured illumination cryogenic fluorescence microscopy for correlated ultra-structural imaging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/833368v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BeamDelta: simple alignment tool for optical systems 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/833368v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BeamDelta is a tool to help align optical systems. It greatly assists in assembling bespoke optical systems by providing a live view of the current laser beam position and a reference position.

Even a simple optical setup has multiple degrees of freedom that affect the alignment of beam paths. These degrees of freedom rise exponentially with the complexity of the system. The process of aligning all the optical components for a specific system is often esoteric and poorly documented, if it is documented at all.

Alignment methods used often rely on visual inspection of beams impinging on pinholes in the beam path. Typically requiring an experienced operator staring at diffuse reflections for extended periods of time. This can lead to a decline in accuracy due to eye strain, flash blindness as well as symptoms such as headaches and, possibly, more serious retinal damage.

Here we present BeamDelta a simple alignment tool and accompanying software interface which allows users to obtain accurate alignment as well as removing the necessity of staring at diffuse laser reflections. BeamDelta is a robust alignment tool as it doesnt require any precise alignment itself.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hall, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinto, D. M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dobbie, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/833368</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BeamDelta: simple alignment tool for optical systems]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.21.108894v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Democratising "Microscopi": a 3D printed automated XYZT fluorescence imaging system for teaching, outreach and fieldwork 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.21.108894v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Commercial fluorescence microscope stands and fully automated XYZt fluorescence imaging systems are generally beyond the limited budgets available for teaching and outreach. We have addressed this problem by developing "Microscopi", an accessible, affordable, DIY automated imaging system that is built from 3D printed and commodity off-the-shelf hardware, including electro-mechanical, computer and optical components. Our design features automated sample navigation and image capture with a simple web-based graphical user interface, accessible with a tablet or other mobile device. The light path can easily be switched between different imaging modalities. The open source Python-based control software allows the hardware to be driven as an integrated imaging system. Furthermore, the microscope is fully customisable, which also enhances its value as a learning tool. Here, we describe the basic design and demonstrate imaging performance for a range of easily sourced specimens.

HighlightsO_LIPortable, low cost, self-build from 3D printed and commodity components
C_LIO_LIMultimodal imaging: bright field, dark field, pseudo-phase and fluorescence
C_LIO_LIAutomated XYZt imaging from a tablet or smartphone via a simple GUI
C_LIO_LIWide ranging applications in teaching, outreach and fieldwork
C_LIO_LIOpen source hardware and software design, allowing user modification
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wincott, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jefferson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dobbie, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Booth, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parton, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.21.108894</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Democratising "Microscopi": a 3D printed automated XYZT fluorescence imaging system for teaching, outreach and fieldwork]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.18.158972v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microscope-AOtools: A generalised adaptive optics implementation 
]]>
</title>
<link>
https://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.18.158972v1?rss=1"
</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microscope-AOtools is a software package which allows for a simple, robust and generalised implementation of adaptive optics (AO) elements. It contains all the necessary methods for set-up, calibration, and aberration correction which are simple to use and function in a robust manner. Aberrations arising from sources such as sample hetero-geneity and refractive index mismatches are constant problems in biological imaging. These aberrations reduce image quality and the achievable depth of imaging, particularly in super-resolution microscopy techniques. AO technology has been proven to be effective in correcting for these aberrations and thereby improving the image quality. However, it has not been widely adopted by the biological imaging community due, in part, to difficulty in set-up and operation of AO, particularly by non-specialist users. Microscope-AOtools offers a robust, easy-to-use implementation of the essential methods for set-up and use of AO techniques. These methods are constructed in a generalised manner that can utilise a range of adaptive optics elements, wavefront sensing techniques and sensorless AO correction methods. Furthermore, the methods are designed to be easily extensible as new techniques arise, leading to a streamlined pipeline for new AO technology and techniques to be adopted by the wider microscopy community.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hall, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Titlow, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Booth, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dobbie, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.18.158972</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microscope-AOtools: A generalised adaptive optics implementation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
</rdf:RDF>
