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<title>bioRxiv Channel: Morgridge Institute</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org</link>
<description>
This feed contains articles for bioRxiv Channel "Morgridge Institute"
</description>

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</rdf:Seq>
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<prism:publicationName>bioRxiv</prism:publicationName>
<prism:issn/>

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<title>bioRxiv</title>
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<link>https://biorxiv.org</link>
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<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/006338v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evaluation of de novo transcriptome assemblies from RNA-Seq data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/006338v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
De novo RNA-Seq assembly facilitates the study of transcriptomes for species without sequenced genomes, but it is challenging to select the most accurate assembly in this context. To address this challenge, we developed a model-based score, RSEM-EVAL, for evaluating assemblies when the ground truth is unknown. Our experiments show that RSEM-EVAL correctly reflects assembly accuracy, as measured by REF-EVAL, a refined set of ground-truth-based scores that we also developed. With the guidance of RSEM-EVAL, we assembled the transcriptome of the regenerating axolotl limb; this assembly compares favorably to a previous assembly.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bo Li</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nathanael Fillmore</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yongsheng Bai</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mike Collins</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James A Thomson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ron Stewart</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colin Dewey</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2014-06-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/006338</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evaluation of de novo transcriptome assemblies from RNA-Seq data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2014-06-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/025437v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
OEFinder: A user interface to identify and visualize ordering effects in single-cell RNA-seq data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/025437v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A recent paper identified an artifact in multiple single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data sets generated by the Fluidigm C1 platform. Specifically, Leng* et al. showed significantly increased gene expression in cells captured from sites with small or large plate output IDs. We refer to this artifact as an ordering effect (OE). Including OE genes in downstream analyses could lead to biased results. To address this problem, we developed a statistical method and software called OEFinder to identify a sorted list of OE genes. OEFinder is available as an R package along with user-friendly graphical interface implementations that allows users to check for potential artifacts in scRNA-seq data generated by the Fluidigm C1 platform.nnAvailability and ImplementationOEFinder is freely available at https://github.com/lengning/OEFindernnContactrstewart@morgridge.org
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ning Leng</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeea Choi</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li-Fang Chu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James Thomson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christina Kendziorski</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ron Stewart</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-08-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/025437</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[OEFinder: A user interface to identify and visualize ordering effects in single-cell RNA-seq data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-08-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/035501v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
scDD: A statistical approach for identifying differential distributions in single-cell RNA-seq experiments 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/035501v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ability to quantify cellular heterogeneity is a major advantage of single-cell technologies. Although understanding such heterogeneity is of primary interest in a number of studies, for convenience, statistical methods often treat cellular heterogeneity as a nuisance factor. We present a novel method to characterize differences in expression in the presence of distinct expression states within and among biological conditions. Using simulated and case study data, we demonstrate that the modeling framework is able to detect differential expression patterns of interest under a wide range of settings. Compared to existing approaches, scDD has higher power to detect subtle differences in gene expression distributions that are more complex than a mean shift, and is able to characterize those differences. The freely available R package scDD implements the approach.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Keegan D. Korthauer</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li-Fang Chu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael A. Newton</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan Li</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James Thomson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ron Stewart</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christina Kendziorski</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-12-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/035501</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[scDD: A statistical approach for identifying differential distributions in single-cell RNA-seq experiments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-12-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/046110v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SCPattern: A statistical approach to identify and classify expression changes in single cell RNA-seq experiments with ordered conditions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/046110v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationWith the development of single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) technology, scRNA-seq experiments with ordered conditions (e.g. time-course) are becoming common. Methods developed for analyzing ordered bulk RNA-seq experiments are not applicable to scRNA-seq, since their distributional assumptions are often violated by additional heterogeneities prevalent in scRNA-seq. Here we present SC-Pattern - an empirical Bayes model to characterize genes with expression changes in ordered scRNA-seq experiments. SCPattern utilizes the non-parametrical Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic, thus it has the flexibility to identify genes with a wide variety of types of changes. Additionally, the Bayes framework allows SCPattern to classify genes into expression patterns with probability estimates.nnResultsSimulation results show that SCPattern is well powered for identifying genes with expression changes while the false discovery rate is well controlled. SCPattern is also able to accurately classify these dynamic genes into directional expression patterns. Applied to a scRNA-seq time course dataset studying human embryonic cell differentiation, SCPattern detected a group of important genes that are involved in mesendoderm and definitive endoderm cell fate decisions, positional patterning, and cell cycle.nnAvailability and ImplementationThe SCPattern is implemented as an R package along with a user-friendly graphical interface, which are available at:https://github.com/lengning/SCPatternnnContact: rstewart@morgridge.org
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ning Leng</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li-Fang Chu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeea Choi</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christina Kendziorski</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James Thomson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ron Stewart</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-03-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/046110</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SCPattern: A statistical approach to identify and classify expression changes in single cell RNA-seq experiments with ordered conditions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-03-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/090167v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SCnorm: A quantile-regression based approach for robust normalization of single-cell RNA-seq data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/090167v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Normalization of RNA-sequencing data is essential for accurate downstream inference, but the assumptions upon which most methods are based do not hold in the single-cell setting. Consequently, applying existing normalization methods to single-cell RNA-seq data introduces artifacts that bias downstream analyses. To address this, we introduce SCnorm for accurate and efficient normalization of scRNA-seq data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bacher, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, L.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leng, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gasch, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomson, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newton, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kendziorski, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-11-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/090167</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SCnorm: A quantile-regression based approach for robust normalization of single-cell RNA-seq data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-11-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/142760v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Opportunities And Obstacles For Deep Learning In Biology And Medicine 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/142760v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Deep learning, which describes a class of machine learning algorithms, has recently showed impressive results across a variety of domains. Biology and medicine are data rich, but the data are complex and often ill-understood. Problems of this nature may be particularly well-suited to deep learning techniques. We examine applications of deep learning to a variety of biomedical problems--patient classification, fundamental biological processes, and treatment of patients--and discuss whether deep learning will transform these tasks or if the biomedical sphere poses unique challenges. We find that deep learning has yet to revolutionize or definitively resolve any of these problems, but promising advances have been made on the prior state of the art. Even when improvement over a previous baseline has been modest, we have seen signs that deep learning methods may speed or aid human investigation. More work is needed to address concerns related to interpretability and how to best model each problem. Furthermore, the limited amount of labeled data for training presents problems in some domains, as do legal and privacy constraints on work with sensitive health records. Nonetheless, we foresee deep learning powering changes at both bench and bedside with the potential to transform several areas of biology and medicine.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ching, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Himmelstein, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beaulieu-Jones, B. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalinin, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Do, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Way, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferrero, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agapow, P.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosen, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lengerich, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Israeli, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lanchantin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woloszynek, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carpenter, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shrikumar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cofer, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeCaprio, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kundaje, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiley, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Segler, M. H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gitter, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greene, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/142760</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Opportunities And Obstacles For Deep Learning In Biology And Medicine]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/143057v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell-Accurate Optical Mapping Across The Entire Developing Heart 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/143057v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Organogenesis depends on orchestrated interactions between individual cells and morphogenically relevant cues at the tissue level. This is true for the heart, whose function critically relies on well-ordered communication between neighbouring cells, which is established and fine-tuned during development. For an integrated understanding of the development of structure and function, we need to move from isolated snap-shot observations of either microscopic or macroscopic parameters to simultaneous and, ideally continuous, cell-to-organ scale imaging. We introduce cell-accurate three-dimensional Ca2+-mapping of all cells in the entire heart during the looping stage in live embryonic zebrafish, using high-speed light sheet microscopy and tailored image processing and analysis. We show how myocardial region-specific heterogeneity in cell function emerges during early development and how structural patterning goes hand-in-hand with functional maturation of the entire heart. Our method opens the way to systematic, scale-bridging, in vivo studies of vertebrate organogenesis by cell-accurate structure-function mapping across entire organs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Weber, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scherf, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kohl, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huisken, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/143057</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell-Accurate Optical Mapping Across The Entire Developing Heart]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/146985v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Post-Transcriptional Control of Coenzyme Q Biosynthesis Revealed by Transomic Analysis of the RNA-Binding Protein Puf3p 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/146985v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a redox active lipid required for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). How CoQ biosynthesis is coordinated with the biogenesis of OxPhos protein complexes is unclear. Here, we show that the Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNA-binding protein (RBP) Puf3p directly regulates CoQ biosynthesis. To establish the mechanism for this regulation, we employed a transomic strategy to identify mRNAs that not only bind Puf3p, but also are regulated by Puf3p in vivo. The CoQ biosynthesis enzyme Coq5p is a critical Put3p target: Puf3p regulates the level of Coq5p and prevents its toxicity, thereby enabling efficient CoQ production. In parallel, Puf3p represses a specific set of proteins involved in mitochondrial protein import, translation, and OxPhos complex assembly -- pathways essential to prime mitochondrial biogenesis. Our data reveal a mechanism for post-transcriptionally coordinating CoQ production with OxPhos biogenesis and, more broadly, demonstrate the power of transomics for defining genuine targets of RBPs.nnHIGHLIGHTSO_LIThe RNA binding protein (RBP) Puf3p regulates coenzyme Q (CoQ) biosynthesisnC_LIO_LITransomic analysis of RNAs, proteins, lipids, and metabolites defines RBP targetsnC_LIO_LIPuf3p regulates the potentially toxic CoQ biosynthesis enzyme Coq5pnC_LIO_LIPuf3p couples regulation of CoQ with a broader program for controlling mitochondrianC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lapointe, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stefely, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jochem, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hutchins, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwiecien, N. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coon, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wickens, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pagliarini, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/146985</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Post-Transcriptional Control of Coenzyme Q Biosynthesis Revealed by Transomic Analysis of the RNA-Binding Protein Puf3p]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/149823v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Conserved lipid and small molecule modulation of COQ8 reveals regulation of the ancient UbiB family 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/149823v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human COQ8A (ADCK3) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Coq8p (collectively COQ8) are UbiB family proteins essential for mitochondrial coenzyme Q (CoQ) biosynthesis. However, the biochemical activity of COQ8 and its direct role in CoQ production remain unclear, in part due to lack of known endogenous regulators of COQ8 function and of effective small molecules for probing its activity in vivo. Here we demonstrate that COQ8 possesses evolutionarily conserved ATPase activity that is activated by binding to membranes containing cardiolipin and by phenolic compounds that resemble CoQ pathway intermediates. We further create an analog-sensitive version of Coq8p and reveal that acute chemical inhibition of its endogenous activity in yeast is sufficient to cause respiratory deficiency concomitant with CoQ depletion. Collectively, this work defines lipid and small molecule modulators of an ancient family of atypical kinase-like proteins and establishes a chemical genetic system for further exploring the mechanistic role of COQ8 in CoQ biosynthesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Reidenbach, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kemmerer, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aydin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jochem, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDevitt, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hutchins, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilkerson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stark, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stefely, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bingman, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markley, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dal Peraro, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pagliarini, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/149823</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Conserved lipid and small molecule modulation of COQ8 reveals regulation of the ancient UbiB family]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/155044v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-omic mitoprotease profiling defines a role for Oct1p in coenzyme Q production 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/155044v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitoproteases are becoming recognized as key regulators of diverse mitochondrial functions, although their direct substrates are often difficult to discern. Through multi-omic profiling of diverse Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitoprotease deletion strains, we predicted numerous associations between mitoproteases and distinct mitochondrial processes. These include a strong association between the mitochondrial matrix octapeptidase Oct1p and coenzyme Q (CoQ) biosynthesis--a pathway essential for mitochondrial respiration. Through Edman sequencing, and in vitro and in vivo biochemistry, we demonstrated that Oct1p directly processes the N-terminus of the CoQ-related methyltransferase, Coq5p, which markedly improves its stability. A single mutation to the Oct1p recognition motif in Coq5p disrupted its processing in vivo, leading to CoQ deficiency and respiratory incompetence. This work defines the Oct1p processing of Coq5p as an essential post-translational event for proper CoQ production. Our custom data visualization tool enables efficient exploration of mitoprotease profiles that can serve as the basis for future mechanistic investigations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Veling, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reidenbach, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freiberger, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwiecien, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hutchins, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drahnak, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jochem, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ulbrich, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rush, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pagliarini, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/155044</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-omic mitoprotease profiling defines a role for Oct1p in coenzyme Q production]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/173583v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pan-embryo cell dynamics of germlayer formation in zebrafish 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/173583v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell movements are coordinated across spatio-temporal scales to achieve precise positioning of organs during vertebrate gastrulation. In zebrafish, mechanisms governing such morphogenetic movements have so far only been studied within a local region or a single germlayer. Here, we present pan-embryo analyses of fate specification and dynamics of all three germlayers simultaneously within a gastrulating embryo, showing that cell movement characteristics are predominantly determined by its position within the embryo, independent of its germlayer identity. The spatially confined fate specification establishes a distinct distribution of cells in each germlayer during early gastrulation. The differences in the initial distribution are subsequently amplified by a unique global movement, which organizes the organ precursors along the embryonic body axis, giving rise to the blueprint of organ formation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shah, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thierbach, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmid, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reade, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roeder, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scherf, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huisken, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/173583</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pan-embryo cell dynamics of germlayer formation in zebrafish]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/185413v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Trendy: Segmented regression analysis of expression dynamics for high-throughput ordered profiling experiments 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/185413v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AbstractHigh throughput expression profiling experiments with ordered conditions (e.g. time-course or spatial-course) are becoming more common for profiling detailed differentiation processes or spatial patterns. Identifying dynamic changes at both the individual gene and whole transcriptome level can provide important insights about genes, pathways, and critical time-points. We present an R package, Trendy, which utilizes segmented regression models to simultaneously characterize each genes expression pattern and summarize overall dynamic activity in ordered condition experiments. For each gene, Trendy finds the optimal segmented regression model and provides the location and direction of dynamic changes in expression. We demonstrate the utility of Trendy to provide biologically relevant results on both microarray and RNA-seq datasets. Trendy is a flexible R package which characterizes gene-specific expression patterns and summarizes changes of global dynamics over ordered conditions. Trendy is freely available as an R package with a full vignette at https://github.com/rhondabacher/Trendy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bacher, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leng, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, L.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kendziorski, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-09-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/185413</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Trendy: Segmented regression analysis of expression dynamics for high-throughput ordered profiling experiments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-09-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.25.963967v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Proteomics, lipidomics, metabolomics and 16S rDNA sequencing of dental plaque from patients with diabetes and periodontal disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.25.963967v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Oral microbiome influences human health, specifically pre- and type 2 diabetes (Pre-DM/DM) and periodontal diseases (PD), through complex microbial interactions. To explore these relations, we performed 16S rDNA sequencing, metabolomics, lipidomics, and proteomics analyses on supragingival dental plaque collected from individuals with Pre-DM/DM (n=39), Pre-DM/DM and PD (n=37), PD alone (n=11), or neither (n=10). We identified on average 2,790 operational taxonomic units and 2,025 microbial and host proteins per sample and quantified 110 metabolites and 415 lipids. Plaque samples from Pre-DM/DM patients contained higher abundance of Fusobacterium and Tannerella vs. plaques from metabolically healthy. Phosphatidylcholines, plasmenyl-phosphatidylcholines, ceramides containing non-OH fatty acids, and host proteins related to actin filament rearrangement were elevated in plaques from PD vs. non-PD. Cross-omic correlation analysis enabled the detection of a strong association between Lautropia and mono-methyl phophospotidlyethanolamine (PE-NMe), striking because synthesis of PE-NMe is uncommon in oral bacteria. Lipidomics analysis of in vitro cultures of Lautropia mirabilis confirmed the bacterias synthesis of PE-NMe. This comprehensive analysis revealed a novel microbial metabolic pathway and significant associations of host-derived proteins with PD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Overmyer, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rhoads, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merrill, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Westphall, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acharya, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shukla, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coon, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.25.963967</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Proteomics, lipidomics, metabolomics and 16S rDNA sequencing of dental plaque from patients with diabetes and periodontal disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.12.989301v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Autofluorescence imaging of 3D tumor-macrophage microscale cultures resolves spatial and temporal dynamics of macrophage metabolism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.12.989301v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Macrophages within the tumor microenvironment (TME) exhibit a spectrum of pro-tumor and anti-tumor functions, yet it is unclear how the TME regulates this macrophage heterogeneity. Standard methods to measure macrophage heterogeneity require destructive processing, limiting spatiotemporal studies of function within the live, intact 3D TME. Here, we demonstrate two-photon autofluorescence imaging of NAD(P)H and FAD to non-destructively resolve spatiotemporal metabolic heterogeneity of individual macrophages within 3D microscale TME models. Fluorescence lifetimes and intensities of NAD(P)H and FAD were acquired at 24, 48, and 72 hours post-stimulation for mouse macrophages (RAW 264.7) stimulated with IFN-{gamma} or IL-4 plus IL-13 in 2D culture, validating that autofluorescence measurements capture known metabolic phenotypes. To quantify metabolic dynamics of macrophages within the TME, mouse macrophages or human monocytes (RAW264.7 or THP-1) were cultured alone or with breast cancer cells (mouse PyVMT or primary human IDC) in 3D microfluidic platforms. Human monocytes and mouse macrophages in tumor co-cultures exhibited significantly different FAD mean lifetimes and greater migration than mono-cultures at 24, 48, and 72 hours post-seeding. In co-cultures with primary human cancer cells, actively-migrating monocyte-derived macrophages had greater redox ratios (NAD(P)H/FAD intensity) compared to passively-migrating monocytes at 24 and 48 hours post-seeding, reflecting metabolic heterogeneity in this sub-population of monocytes. Genetic analyses further confirmed this metabolic heterogeneity. These results establish label-free autofluorescence imaging to quantify dynamic metabolism, polarization, and migration of macrophages at single-cell resolution within 3D microscale models. This combined culture and imaging system provides unique insights into spatiotemporal tumor-immune crosstalk within the 3D TME.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Heaster, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Humayun, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beebe, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skala, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.12.989301</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Autofluorescence imaging of 3D tumor-macrophage microscale cultures resolves spatial and temporal dynamics of macrophage metabolism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.20.000752v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Adaptable pulsatile flow generated by quantitative imaging of stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes for disease modeling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.20.000752v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Endothelial cells (EC) in vivo are continuously exposed to a mechanical microenvironment from blood flow, and fluidic shear stress plays an important role in EC behavior. New approaches to generate physiologically and pathologically relevant pulsatile flows are needed to understand EC behavior under different shear stress regimes. Here, we demonstrate an adaptable pump (Adapt-Pump) platform for generating pulsatile flows via quantitative imaging of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac spheroids (CS). Pulsatile flows generated from the Adapt-Pump system can recapitulate unique CS contraction characteristics, accurately model responses to clinically relevant drugs, and simulate CS contraction changes in response to fluidic mechanical stimulation. We discovered that ECs differentiated under a long QT syndrome derived pathological pulsatile flow exhibit abnormal EC monolayer organization. This Adapt-Pump platform provides a powerful tool for modeling the cardiovascular system and improving our understanding of EC behavior under different mechanical microenvironments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qian, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gil, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Contreras Guzman, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gastfriend, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tweed, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palecek, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skala, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.20.000752</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Adaptable pulsatile flow generated by quantitative imaging of stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes for disease modeling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.17.043323v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
linus: Conveniently explore, share and present large-scale biological trajectory data from a web browser. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.17.043323v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In biology, we are often confronted with information-rich, large-scale trajectory data, but exploring and communicating patterns in such data is often a cumbersome task. Ideally, the data should be wrapped with an interactive visualisation in one concise package that makes it straightforward to create and test hypotheses collaboratively. To address these challenges, we have developed a tool, linus, which makes the process of exploring and sharing 3D trajectories as easy as browsing a website. We provide a python script that reads trajectory data and enriches them with additional features, such as edge bundling or custom axes and generates an interactive web-based visualisation that can be shared offline and online. The goal of linus is to facilitate the collaborative discovery of patterns in complex trajectory data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Waschke, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hlawitschka, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anlas, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trivedi, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roeder, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huisken, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scherf, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.17.043323</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[linus: Conveniently explore, share and present large-scale biological trajectory data from a web browser.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.27.098582v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reference genome and demographic history of the most endangered marine mammal, the vaquita 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.27.098582v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The vaquita is the most critically endangered marine mammal, with fewer than 19 remaining in the wild. First described in 1958, the vaquita has been in rapid decline resulting from inadvertent deaths due to the increasing use of large-mesh gillnets for more than 20 years. To understand the evolutionary and demographic history of the vaquita, we used combined long-read sequencing and long-range scaffolding methods with long- and short-read RNA sequencing to generate a near error-free annotated reference genome assembly from cell lines derived from a female individual. The genome assembly consists of 99.92% of the assembled sequence contained in 21 nearly gapless chromosome-length autosome scaffolds and the X-chromosome scaffold, with a scaffold N50 of 115 Mb. Genome-wide heterozygosity is the lowest (0.01%) of any mammalian species analyzed to date, but heterozygosity is evenly distributed across the chromosomes, consistent with long-term small population size at genetic equilibrium, rather than low diversity resulting from a recent population bottleneck or inbreeding. Historical demography of the vaquita indicates long-term population stability at less than 5000 (Ne) for over 200,000 years. Together, these analyses indicate that the vaquita genome has had ample opportunity to purge highly deleterious alleles and potentially maintain diversity necessary for population health.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Morin, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Archer, F. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avila, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balacco, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bukhman, Y. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chow, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fedrigo, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Formenti, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fronczek, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fungtammasan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gulland, F. M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haase, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heide-Jorgensen, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Houck, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howe, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Misuraca, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mountcastle, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Musser, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pelan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillippy, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rhie, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rojas-Bracho, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rowles, T. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryder, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stevenson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teilmann, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torrance, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wells, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Westgate, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jarvis, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.27.098582</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reference genome and demographic history of the most endangered marine mammal, the vaquita]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.16.153361v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In vivo fluorescence lifetime imaging captures metabolic changes in macrophages during wound responses in zebrafish 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.16.153361v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The effector functions of macrophages across the spectrum of activation states in vitro are linked to profound metabolic rewiring. However, the metabolism of macrophages remains poorly characterized in vivo. To assess changes in the intracellular metabolism of macrophages in their native inflammatory microenvironment, we employed two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) of metabolic coenzymes NAD(P)H and FAD. We found that pro-inflammatory activation of macrophages in vivo was associated with a decrease in the optical redox ratio [NAD(P)H/(NAD(P)H+FAD)] relative to a pro-resolving population during both infected and sterile inflammation. FLIM also resolved temporal changes in the optical redox ratio and lifetime variables of NAD(P)H in macrophages over the course of sterile inflammation. Collectively, we show that non-invasive and label-free imaging of autofluorescent metabolic coenzymes is sensitive to dynamic changes in macrophage activation in interstitial tissues. This imaging-based approach has broad applications in immunometabolism by probing in real time the temporal and spatial metabolic regulation of immune cell function in a live organism.

SignificanceMetabolic regulation of macrophage effector functions has recently emerged as a key concept in immune cell biology. Studies rely on in vitro and ex vivo approaches to study macrophage metabolism, however the high plasticity of these cells suggest that removal from their native microenvironment may induce changes in their intracellular metabolism. Here, we show that fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy of metabolic coenzymes captures dynamic changes in the metabolic activity of macrophages while maintaining them in their endogenous microenvironment. This approach also resolves variations on a single-cell level, in contrast to bulk measurements provided by traditional biochemical assays, making it a potentially valuable tool in the field of immunometabolism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Miskolci, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tweed, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lasarev, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Britt, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDougal, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walsh, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sauer, J.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skala, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huttenlocher, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.16.153361</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In vivo fluorescence lifetime imaging captures metabolic changes in macrophages during wound responses in zebrafish]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.18.210328v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamic regulatory module networks for inference of cell type specific transcriptional networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.18.210328v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multi-omic datasets with parallel transcriptomic and epigenomic measurements across time or cell types are becoming increasingly common. However, integrating these data to infer regulatory network dynamics is a major challenge. We present Dynamic Regulatory Module Networks (DRMNs), a novel approach that uses multi-task learning to infer cell type-specific cis-regulatory networks dynamics. Compared to existing approaches, DRMN integrates expression, chromatin state and accessibility, accurately predicts cis-regulators of context-specific expression and models network dynamics across linearly and hierarchically related contexts. We apply DRMN to three dynamic processes of different experimental designs and predict known and novel regulators driving cell type-specific expression patterns.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fotuhi Siahpirani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chasman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seirup, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knaack, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sridharan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.18.210328</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamic regulatory module networks for inference of cell type specific transcriptional networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.16.250100v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Consensus-based somatic variant-calling method correlates FBXW7 mutations with poor prognosis in canine B-cell lymphoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.16.250100v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
INTRODUCTIONCanine Lymphoma (CL) is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in the domestic dog, with estimates reaching 80,000 new cases per year in the United States. Understanding of genetic factors involved in development and progression of canine B-Cell Lymphoma (cBCL), the most common of the two major subtypes of CL, can help guide efforts to prevent, diagnose, and treat disease in dogs. Such findings also have implications for human Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL), as pet dogs have recently emerged as an important translational model due to the many shared histopathological, biological, and clinical characteristics between cBCL and NHL.

OBJECTIVESWe aimed to identify potential driver mutations in cBCL and detect associations between affected genes and differential clinical outcomes.

METHODSUsing exome sequencing of paired normal and tumor tissues from 71 dogs of various breeds with cBCL, we identified somatic variants with a consensus approach: keeping variants called by both MuTect2 and with high-confidence by VarScan 2. We predicted effects of these variants using SnpEff then measured associations between mutated genes and survival times from clinical data available for 62 cohort dogs using a multivariate Cox Proportional Hazards Model.

RESULTSMutations in FBXW7, a gene commonly mutated in both human and canine cancers including lymphoma, were associated with shorter overall survival (OS; p=0.01, HR 3.3 [1.4-7.6]). The two most frequently mutated codons of FBXW7 in our cohort correspond to the most frequently mutated codons in human cancers.

CONCLUSIONSOur findings show that exome sequencing results can be combined with clinical data to identify key mutations associated with prognosis in cBCL. These results may have implications for precision medicine in dogs and also allow subsets of dogs to serve as models for specific subtypes of human lymphoma.

Translational RelevanceIdentifying tumor biomarkers associated with clinical outcomes has been a major driver in improved success in treating many types of human cancers, including Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Since canine B-cell Lymphoma (cBCL) shares many clinically identifiable characteristics with NHL, our detection of recurring mutations in certain genes in cBCL and their association with clinical outcomes stands to benefit both humans and dogs. If common canine lymphoma subtypes show mutational similarity to certain human subtypes, then therapies found to be effective for a subtype in one species may be more likely to improve treatment response in the analogous subtype in the other.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>White, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayward, J. J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hertafeld, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castelhano, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leung, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dave, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhinder, B. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elemento, O. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richards, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suter, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.16.250100</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Consensus-based somatic variant-calling method correlates FBXW7 mutations with poor prognosis in canine B-cell lymphoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.31.275107v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CRISPR screens in physiologic medium reveal conditionally essential genes in human cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.31.275107v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Forward genetic screens across hundreds of diverse cancer cell lines have started to define the genetic dependencies of proliferating human cells and how these vary by genotype and lineage. Most screens, however, have been carried out in culture media that poorly resemble metabolite availability in human blood. To explore how medium composition influences gene essentiality, we performed CRISPR-based screens of human cancer cell lines cultured in traditional versus human plasma-like medium (HPLM). Sets of medium-dependent fitness genes span several cellular processes and can vary with both natural cell-intrinsic diversity and the specific combination of basal and serum components that comprise typical culture media. Notably, we traced the causes for each of three conditional growth phenotypes to the availability of metabolites uniquely defined in HPLM versus traditional media. Our findings reveal the profound impact of medium composition on gene essentiality in human cells, and also suggest general strategies for using genetic screens in HPLM to uncover new cancer vulnerabilities and gene-nutrient interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rossiter, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huggler, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adelmann, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keys, H. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soens, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sabatini, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cantor, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.31.275107</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CRISPR screens in physiologic medium reveal conditionally essential genes in human cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.12.293357v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interspecies Chimeric Conditions Affect the Developmental Rate of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.12.293357v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human pluripotent stem cells hold significant promise for regenerative medicine. However, long differentiation protocols and immature characteristics of stem cell-derived cell types remain challenges to the development of many therapeutic applications. In contrast to the slow differentiation of human stem cells in vitro that mirrors a nine-month gestation period, mouse stem cells develop according to a much faster three-week gestation timeline. Here, we tested if co-differentiation with mouse pluripotent stem cells could accelerate the differentiation speed of human embryonic stem cells. Following a six-week RNA-sequencing time course of neural differentiation, we identified 929 human genes that were upregulated earlier and 535 genes that exhibited earlier peaked expression profiles in chimeric cell cultures than in human cell cultures alone. Genes with accelerated upregulation were significantly enriched in Gene Ontology terms associated with neurogenesis, neuron differentiation and maturation, and synapse signaling. Moreover, chimeric mixed samples correlated with in utero human embryonic samples earlier than human cells alone, and acceleration was dose-dependent on human-mouse co-culture ratios. Differences in the timing and expression levels of genes corresponding to neuron cell types and brain region identity under chimeric conditions were also observed. The altered developmental rates and lineage outcomes described in this report have implications for accelerating human stem cell differentiation and the use of interspecies chimeric embryos in developing human organs for transplantation.

Author SummaryHuman pluripotent stem cells often require long in vitro protocols to form mature cell types of clinical relevance for potential regenerative therapies, a ramification of a nine-month developmental clock in utero that also runs ex utero. What controls species-specific developmental time and whether the timer is amenable to acceleration is unknown. Further, interspecies chimeric embryos are increasingly being created to study early human development or explore the potential growth of human organs for transplantation. How the conflicting developmental speeds of cells from different species co-differentiating together affect each other is not understood. Here, using genome-wide transcriptional analysis of RNA-sequencing time courses, we show that 1) co-differentiating human embryonic stem cells intermixed with mouse stem cells accelerated elements of human developmental programs, 2) the acceleration was dose-dependent on the proportion of mouse cells, and 3) human cells in chimeric samples correlated to in utero samples earlier than human only samples. Our results provide evidence that some components of species-specific developmental clocks may be susceptible to acceleration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brown, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barry, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmitz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Argus, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwartz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Aartsen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steill, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swanson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kendziorski, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.12.293357</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interspecies Chimeric Conditions Affect the Developmental Rate of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.21.307363v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rapid changes in chromatin structure during dedifferentiation of primary hepatocytes in vitro 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.21.307363v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Primary hepatocytes are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry to screen drug candidates for hepatotoxicity, but isolated hepatocytes quickly dedifferentiate and lose their mature metabolic function in culture. Attempts have been made to better recapitulate the in vivo liver environment in culture, but the full spectrum of signals required to maintain hepatocyte function in vitro remains elusive. Here we studied the dedifferentiation process in detail through RNA-sequencing of hepatocytes cultured over eight days. We identified three distinct phases of dedifferentiation. An early phase, where mature hepatocyte genes are rapidly downregulated in a matter of hours. A middle phase, where fetal genes are activated, leading to hepatocytes with a fetal phenotype. A late phase, where initially rare contaminating non-parenchymal cells over-grow the culture as the hepatocytes gradually die. Using genetically tagged hepatocytes, we demonstrate that the cells reactivating fetal marker alpha-fetoprotein arise from cells previously expressing the mature hepatocyte marker albumin, and not from albumin negative precursor cells, proving that hepatocytes undergo true dedifferentiation. To better understand the signaling events that result in the rapid down-regulation of mature hepatocyte genes, we examined changes in chromatin accessibility of hepatocytes during the first 24h of culture using ATAC-seq. We find that drastic and rapid changes in chromatin accessibility occurs immediately upon start of culture. Using binding motif analysis of the areas of open chromatin sharing similar temporal profiles, we identify several candidate transcription factors potentially involved in the dedifferentiation of primary hepatocytes in culture.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Seirup, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sengupta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swanson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McIntosh, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collins, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, L.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorkin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duffin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolin, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Argus, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomson, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.21.307363</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rapid changes in chromatin structure during dedifferentiation of primary hepatocytes in vitro]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.23.310441v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CHARTS: A web application for characterizing and comparing tumor subpopulations in publicly available single-cell RNA-seq datasets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.23.310441v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundSingle-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) enables the profiling of genome-wide gene expression at the single-cell level and in so doing facilitates insight into and information about cellular heterogeneity within a tissue. Perhaps nowhere is this more important than in cancer, where tumor and tumor microenvironment heterogeneity directly impact development, maintenance, and progression of disease. While publicly available scRNA-seq cancer datasets offer unprecedented opportunity to better understand the mechanisms underlying tumor progression, metastasis, drug resistance, and immune evasion, much of the available information has been underutilized, in part, due to the lack of tools available for aggregating and analysing these data.

ResultsWe present CHARacterizing Tumor Subpopulations (CHARTS), a computational pipeline and web application for analyzing, characterizing, and integrating publicly available scRNA-seq cancer datasets. CHARTS enables the exploration of individual gene expression, cell type, malignancy-status, differentially expressed genes, and gene set enrichment results in subpopulations of cells across multiple tumors and datasets.

ConclusionCHARTS is an easy to use, comprehensive platform for exploring single-cell subpopulations within tumors across the ever-growing collection of public scRNA-seq cancer datasets. CHARTS is freely available at charts.morgridge.org.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bernstein, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ni, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collins, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burkard, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kendziorski, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.23.310441</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CHARTS: A web application for characterizing and comparing tumor subpopulations in publicly available single-cell RNA-seq datasets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.26.315069v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Maternal high fiber diet protects offspring on diabetogenic diet in the Nile rat 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.26.315069v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Previous studies have reported that maternal malnutrition is linked to increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes in adulthood. Although several diabetic risk factors associated with early life environment have been identified, protective factors remain elusive. Here, we modulate the early life environment using a maternal high fiber diet to investigate whether the offspring are protected from type 2 diabetes. We examined the interplay between early life environment (maternal diet) and later life environment (offspring diet) using a longitudinal study with 671 Nile rats. We found that exposure to a high fiber maternal diet prior to weaning significantly lowers the risk of diet-induced diabetes in the offspring. Interestingly, offspring consuming a high fiber diet after weaning do not get diet-induced diabetes, even when exposed to a diabetogenic maternal diet. Here, we provide the first evidence that the protective effect of high fiber can be transmitted to the offspring through a maternal diet, which has important implications in diabetes prevention.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Toh, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.26.315069</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Maternal high fiber diet protects offspring on diabetogenic diet in the Nile rat]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.05.326553v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enhancing biological signals and detection rates in single-cell RNA-seq experiments with cDNA library equalization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.05.326553v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Considerable effort has been devoted to refining experimental protocols having reduced levels of technical variability and artifacts in single-cell RNA-sequencing data (scRNA-seq). We here present evidence that equalizing the concentration of cDNA libraries prior to pooling, a step not consistently performed in single-cell experiments, improves gene detection rates, enhances biological signals, and reduces technical artifacts in scRNA-seq data. To evaluate the effect of equalization on various protocols, we developed Scaffold, a simulation framework that models each step of an scRNA-seq experiment. Numerical experiments demonstrate that equalization reduces variation in sequencing depth and gene-specific expression variability. We then performed a set of experiments in vitro with and without the equalization step and found that equalization increases the number of genes that are detected in every cell by 17-31%, improves discovery of biologically relevant genes, and reduces nuisance signals associated with cell cycle. Further support is provided in an analysis of publicly available data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bacher, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, L.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Argus, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolin, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomson, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kendziorski, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.05.326553</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enhancing biological signals and detection rates in single-cell RNA-seq experiments with cDNA library equalization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.16.343012v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SKiM - A generalized literature-based discovery system for uncovering novel biomedical knowledge from PubMed 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.16.343012v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Literature-based discovery (LBD) uncovers undiscovered public knowledge by linking terms A to C via a B intermediate. Existing LBD systems are limited to process certain A, B, and C terms, and many are not maintained. We present SKiM (Serial KinderMiner), a generalized LBD system for processing any combination of A, Bs, and Cs. We evaluate SKiM via the rediscovery of discoveries by Don Swanson, who pioneered LBD. Using only literature from the 19th century up to a year before Swansons discoveries, SKiM uncovers all five discoveries. We apply SKiM to repurposing drugs for 26 conditions of high prevalence. Manual analysis confirmed 65 discoveries useful for four diseases from Swansons discoveries from one to 31 years prior to their first validation by clinical trials. SKiM predicts many new potential drug candidates representing prime targets for wet lab validation. SKiM can be applied to any biomedical inquiry sufficiently mentioned in the literature.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Raja, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steill, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ross, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsoi, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuusisto, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ni, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Livny, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.16.343012</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SKiM - A generalized literature-based discovery system for uncovering novel biomedical knowledge from PubMed]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.20.347658v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interactions with stromal cells promote a more oxidized cancer cell redox state in pancreatic tumors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.20.347658v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Access to electron acceptors supports oxidized biomass synthesis and can be limiting for cancer cell proliferation, but how cancer cells overcome this limitation in tumors is incompletely understood. Non-transformed cells in tumors can help cancer cells overcome metabolic limitations, particularly in pancreatic cancer, where pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) promote cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth. However, whether PSCs affect the redox state of cancer cells is not known. By taking advantage of the endogenous fluorescence properties of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide cofactors and oxidized flavin adenine dinucleotide, we use optical imaging to assess the redox state of pancreatic cancer cells and PSCs and find that the redox state of cancer cells is more reduced while the redox state of PSCs is more oxidized. Direct interactions between PSCs and cancer cells promote a more oxidized state in cancer cells, suggesting that metabolic interactions between cancer cells and PSCs is a mechanism to overcome the redox limitations of cell proliferation in pancreatic cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Datta, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lau, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sivanand, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Florek, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wyckoff, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skala, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vander Heiden, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.20.347658</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interactions with stromal cells promote a more oxidized cancer cell redox state in pancreatic tumors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.25.353946v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neural networks to learn protein sequence-function relationships from deep mutational scanning data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.25.353946v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mapping from protein sequence to function is highly complex, making it challenging to predict how sequence changes will affect a proteins behavior and properties. We present a supervised deep learning framework to learn the sequence-function mapping from deep mutational scanning data and make predictions for new, uncharacterized sequence variants. We test multiple neural network architectures, including a graph convolutional network that incorporates protein structure, to explore how a networks internal representation affects its ability to learn the sequence-function mapping. Our supervised learning approach displays superior performance over physics-based and unsupervised prediction methods. We find networks that capture nonlinear interactions and share parameters across sequence positions are important for learning the relationship between sequence and function. Further analysis of the trained models reveals the networks ability to learn biologically meaningful information about protein structure and mechanism. Finally, we demonstrate the models ability to navigate sequence space and design new proteins beyond the training set. We applied the GB1 models to design a sequence that binds to IgG with substantially higher affinity than wild-type GB1. Our software is available from https://github.com/gitter-lab/nn4dms.

SignificanceUnderstanding the relationship between protein sequence and function is necessary to design new and useful proteins with applications in bioenergy, medicine, and agriculture. The mapping from sequence to function is tremendously complex because it involves thousands of molecular interactions that are coupled over multiple lengths and timescales. In this work, we show neural networks can learn the sequence-function mapping from large protein datasets. Neural networks are appealing for this task because they can learn complicated relationships from data, make few assumptions about the nature of the sequencefunction relationship, and can learn general rules that apply across the length of the protein sequence. We demonstrate the learned models can be applied to design new proteins with properties that exceed natural sequences.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gelman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romero, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gitter, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.25.353946</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neural networks to learn protein sequence-function relationships from deep mutational scanning data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.09.355982v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Alternative splicing liberates a cryptic cytoplasmic isoform of mitochondrial MECR that antagonizes influenza virus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.09.355982v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Viruses must balance their reliance on host cell machinery for replication while avoiding host defense. Influenza A viruses are zoonotic agents that frequently switch hosts, causing localized outbreaks with the potential for larger pandemics. The host range of influenza virus is limited by the need for successful interactions between the virus and cellular partners. Here we used immuno-competitive capture-mass spectrometry to identify cellular proteins that interact with human- and avian-style viral polymerases. We focused on the pro-viral activity of heterogenous nuclear ribonuclear protein U-like 1 (hnRNP UL1) and the anti-viral activity of mitochondrial enoyl CoA-reductase (MECR). MECR is localized to mitochondria where it functions in mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis (mtFAS). While a small fraction of the polymerase subunit PB2 localizes to the mitochondria, PB2 did not interact with full-length MECR. By contrast, a minor splice variant produces cytoplasmic MECR (cMECR) that interacts with PB2. cMECR binds the viral polymerase and suppresses viral replication by blocking assembly of viral ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs). MECR ablation through genome editing or drug treatment is detrimental for cell health, creating a generic block to virus replication. Using the yeast homolog Etr1 to supply the metabolic functions of MECR in MECR-null cells, we showed that specific antiviral activity is independent of mtFAS and lies solely within cMECR. Thus, alternative splicing produces a cryptic antiviral protein that is embedded within a key metabolic enzyme.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Baker, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meistermann, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tzouros, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golling, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polster, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ledwith, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gitter, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Augustin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Javanbakht, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehle, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.09.355982</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Alternative splicing liberates a cryptic cytoplasmic isoform of mitochondrial MECR that antagonizes influenza virus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.25.396838v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reversed upper glycolysis and rapid activation of oxidative pentose phosphate pathway supports the oxidative burst in neutrophils 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.25.396838v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neutrophils are abundant white blood cells at the frontline of innate immunity. Upon stimulation, neutrophils rapidly activate effector functions such as the oxidative burst and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to eliminate pathogens. However, little is known about how neutrophil metabolism powers these functions. Our metabolomic analysis on primary human neutrophils revealed that neutrophil metabolism is rapidly rewired upon pro-inflammatory activation, with particularly profound changes observed in glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). We found that the stimulation-induced changes in PPP were specifically coupled with the oxidative burst. The oxidative burst requires a large amount of NADPH to fuel superoxide production via NADPH Oxidase (NOX). Isotopic tracing studies revealed that in order to maximize the NADPH yield from glucose metabolism, neutrophils quickly adopt near complete pentose cycle during the oxidative burst. In this metabolic mode, all glucose is shunted into the oxidative PPP, and the resulting pentose-phosphate is recycled back to glucose-6-phosphate, which then re-enters the oxidative PPP. To enable this recycling, net flux through the upper glycolytic enzyme glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) is completely reversed. This allows oxidative PPP flux in neutrophils to reach greater than two-fold of the glucose uptake rate, far exceeding other known mammalian cells and tissues. Intriguingly, the adoption of this striking metabolic mode is completely dependent on an increased demand for NADPH associated with the oxidative burst, as inhibition of NOX resets stimulated neutrophils to use glycolysis-dominant glucose metabolism, with oxidative PPP flux accounting for less than 10% of glucose metabolism. Together, these data demonstrated that neutrophils have remarkable metabolic flexibility that is essential to enable the rapid activation of their effector functions.

Graphic Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=135 SRC="FIGDIR/small/396838v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@11f9509org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@71bffforg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1f402adorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@dbdf1f_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Britt, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.25.396838</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reversed upper glycolysis and rapid activation of oxidative pentose phosphate pathway supports the oxidative burst in neutrophils]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.09.418202v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
UbiB proteins regulate cellular CoQ distribution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.09.418202v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Coenzyme Q (CoQ, ubiquinone) is a redox-active lipid essential for many core metabolic processes in mitochondria, including oxidative phosphorylation1-3. While lesser appreciated, CoQ also serves as a key membrane-embedded antioxidant throughout the cell4. However, how CoQ is mobilized from its site of synthesis on the inner mitochondrial membrane to other sites of action remains a longstanding mystery. Here, using a combination of yeast genetics, biochemical fractionation, and lipid profiling, we identify two highly conserved but poorly characterized mitochondrial proteins, Ypl109c (Cqd1) and Ylr253w (Cqd2), that reciprocally regulate this process. Loss of Cqd1 skews cellular CoQ distribution away from mitochondria, resulting in markedly enhanced resistance to oxidative stress caused by exogenous polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), whereas loss of Cqd2 promotes the opposite effects. The activities of both proteins rely on their atypical kinase/ATPase domains, which they share with Coq8--an essential auxiliary protein for CoQ biosynthesis. Overall, our results reveal new protein machinery central to CoQ trafficking in yeast and lend new insights into the broader interplay between mitochondrial and cellular processes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kemmerer, Z. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmitz, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paulson, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jochem, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hutchins, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coon, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pagliarini, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.09.418202</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[UbiB proteins regulate cellular CoQ distribution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.19.423617v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Patient-derived cancer organoid tracking with widefield one-photon redox imaging to assess treatment response 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.19.423617v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationAccessible tools are needed for rapid, non-destructive imaging of patient-derived cancer organoid (PCO) treatment response to accelerate drug discovery and streamline treatment planning for individual patients.

AimSegment and track individual PCOs with widefield one-photon redox imaging to extract morphological and metabolic variables of treatment response.

ApproachRedox imaging of the endogenous fluorophores, NAD(P)H and FAD, was used to monitor the metabolic state and morphology of PCOs. Redox imaging was performed on a widefield one-photon epifluorescence microscope to evaluate drug response in two colorectal PCO lines. An automated image analysis framework was developed to track PCOs across multiple time points over 48 hours. Variables quantified for each PCO captured metabolic and morphological response to drug treatment, including the optical redox ratio and organoid area.

ResultsThe optical redox ratio (NAD(P)H/(FAD+NAD(P)H)) was independent of PCO morphology pre-tieatment. Drugs that induced cell death decreased the optical redox ratio and growth rate compared to control. Multivariate analysis of redox and morphology variables identified distinct PCO sub-populations. Single-organoid tracking improved sensitivity to drug treatment compared to pooled organoid analysis.

ConclusionWidefield one-photon redox imaging can monitor metabolic and morphological changes on a single organoid-level, providing an accessible, non-destructive tool to screen drugs in patient-matched samples.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gil, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deming, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skala, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.19.423617</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Patient-derived cancer organoid tracking with widefield one-photon redox imaging to assess treatment response]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.20.440648v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Locating Macromolecular Assemblies in Cells by 2D Template Matching with cisTEM 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.20.440648v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Over the last decade, single-particle electron cryo-microscopy has become one of the main techniques contributing to the growing library of high-resolution structures of macromolecules and their assemblies. For a full understanding of molecular mechanisms, however, it is important to place them into the broader context of a cell. Traditionally, this context can be visualized in 3D by electron cryo-tomography, and more recently, has also been studied by template matching of 2D images of cells and viruses. A current limitation of the latter approach is the high computational cost that limits the throughput and widespread adoption of this method. We describe here a GPU-accelerated implementation of 2D template matching in the image processing software cisTEM that allows for easy scaling and improves the accessibility of this approach. We apply 2D template matching to identify ribosomes in images of frozen-hydrated Mycoplasma pneumoniae cells and demonstrate that it can function as a versatile tool for in situ visual proteomics and in situ structure determination. We compare the results with 3D template matching of tomograms acquired on identical sample locations. We identify strengths and weaknesses of both techniques which offer complementary information about target localization and identity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lucas, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Himes, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grant, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahamid, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grigorieff, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.20.440648</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Locating Macromolecular Assemblies in Cells by 2D Template Matching with cisTEM]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.03.442446v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Generation of SIV resistant T cells and Macrophages from Nonhuman Primate Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells with Edited CCR5 locus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.03.442446v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Adoptive therapies with genetically modified somatic T cells rendered HIV resistant have shown promise for AIDS therapy. A renewable source of HIV resistant human T cells from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) would further facilitate and broaden the applicability of these therapies. Here, we report successful targeting of the CCR5 locus in iPSCs generated from peripheral blood T cells (T-iPSCs) or fibroblasts (fib-iPSCs) from Mauritian Cynomolgus macaques (MCM), using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. We found that CCR5 editing does not affect pluripotency or hematopoietic and T cell differentiation potentials of fib-iPSCs. However, deletion of CCR5 in T-iPSCs leads to selective loss of their T cell redifferentiation potential without affecting myeloid development. T cells and macrophages produced from CCR5-edited MCM- iPSCs did not support replication of the CCR5-tropic simian immunodeficiency viruses SIVmac239 (T-cell tropic) and SIVmac316 (macrophage-tropic). Overall, these studies provide a platform for further exploration of AIDS therapies based on gene-edited iPSCs in a nonhuman primate preclinical model.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>D'Souza, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weinfurter, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maufort, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golos, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomson, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reynolds, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slukvin, I. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.03.442446</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Generation of SIV resistant T cells and Macrophages from Nonhuman Primate Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells with Edited CCR5 locus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.01.446615v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Label-free imaging for quality control of cardiomyocyte differentiation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.01.446615v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes provide a promising regenerative cell therapy for cardiovascular patients and an important model system to accelerate drug discovery. However, cost-effective and time-efficient platforms must be developed to evaluate the quality of hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes during biomanufacturing. Here, we developed a non-invasive label-free live cell imaging platform to predict the efficiency of hPSC differentiation into cardiomyocytes. Autofluorescence imaging of metabolic co-enzymes was performed under varying differentiation conditions (cell density, concentration of Wnt signaling activator) across three hPSC lines. Live cell autofluorescence imaging and multivariate classification models provided high accuracy to separate low (< 50%) and high ([&ge;] 50%) differentiation efficiency groups (quantified by cTnT expression on day 12) within 1 day after initiating differentiation (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.98). This non-invasive and label-free method could be used to avoid batch-to-batch and line-to-line variability in cell manufacturing from hPSCs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qian, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heaster, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Houghtaling, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samimi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skala, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.01.446615</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Label-free imaging for quality control of cardiomyocyte differentiation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.30.454529v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-layered transcriptomic analyses reveal an immunological overlap between COVID-19 and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated with disease severity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.30.454529v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Severe COVID-19 patients present a clinical and laboratory overlap with other hyperinflammatory conditions such as hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). However, the underlying mechanisms of these conditions remain to be explored. Here, we investigated the transcriptome of 1596 individuals, including patients with COVID-19 in comparison to healthy controls, other acute inflammatory states (HLH, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children [MIS-C], Kawasaky disease [KD]), and different respiratory infections (seasonal coronavirus, influenza, bacterial pneumonia). We observed that COVID-19 and HLH share immunological pathways (cytokine/chemokine signaling and neutrophil-mediated immune responses), including gene signatures that stratify COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and COVID-19_nonICU patients. Of note, among the common differentially expressed genes (DEG), there is a cluster of neutrophil-associated genes that reflects a generalized hyperinflamatory state since it is also dysregulated in patients with KD and bacterial pneumonia. These genes are dysregulated at protein level across several COVID-19 studies and form an interconnected network with differentially expressed plasma proteins that point to neutrophil hyperactivation in COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit. scRNAseq analysis indicated that these genes are specifically upregulated across different leukocyte populations, including lymphocyte subsets and immature neutrophils. Artificial intelligence modeling confirmed the strong association of these genes with COVID-19 severity. Thus, our work indicates putative therapeutic pathways for intervention.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schimke, L. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marques, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baiocchi, G. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prado, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fonseca, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freire, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Placa, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Filgueira, I. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salgado, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jansen-Marques, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oliveira, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peron, J. P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbuto, J. A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camara, N. O. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calich, V. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ochs, H. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Condino-Neto, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Overmyer, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coon, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balnis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaitovich, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schulte-Schrepping, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ulas, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schultze, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakaya, H. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jurisica, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marques, O. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.30.454529</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-layered transcriptomic analyses reveal an immunological overlap between COVID-19 and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated with disease severity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.24.457536v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Clinically-relevant T cell expansion protocols activate distinct cellular metabolic programs and phenotypes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.24.457536v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ex vivo expansion conditions used to generate T cells for immunotherapy are thought to adopt metabolic phenotypes that impede therapeutic efficacy in vivo. The comparison of five different culture media used for clinical T cell expansion revealed unique optima based on different output variables including proliferation, differentiation, function, activation and mitochondrial phenotypes. T cells adapted their metabolism to match their media expansion condition as shown by glucose and glutamine uptake, and patterns of glucose isotope labeling. However, adoption of these metabolic phenotypes was uncoupled to T cell function. Furthermore, T cell products cultured in ascites from ovarian cancer patients displayed suppressed mitochondrial activity and function irrespective of the ex vivo expansion media. In one case, culturing in ascites resulted in increased glucose uptake which was insufficient to rescue T cell function. Thus, ex vivo T cell expansion conditions have profound impacts on metabolism and function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>MacPherson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keyes, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kilgour, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smazynski, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sudderth, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turcotte, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devlieger, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huggler, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cantor, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeBerardinis, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siatskas, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lum, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.24.457536</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Clinically-relevant T cell expansion protocols activate distinct cellular metabolic programs and phenotypes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.13.464253v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
3D Structure Determination of Protein Complexes using Matrix-Landing Mass Spectrometry 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.13.464253v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Native mass spectrometry (MS) is an emerging technology that can provide complementary data to electron microscopy (EM) for protein structure characterization. Beyond the ability to provide mass measurements of gas-phase biomolecular ions, MS instruments offer the ability to purify, select, and precisely control the spatial location of these ions. Here we present a modified Orbitrap MS system capable of depositing a native MS ion beam onto EM grids. We further describe use of a chemical landing matrix that both preserves and protects the structural integrity of the deposited particles. With this system we obtained the first 3D reconstructed structure of gas-phase, deposited biomolecular ions - the 800 KDa protein complex GroEL. These data provide direct evidence that non-covalent protein complexes can indeed retain their condensed-phase structures following ionization and vaporization. Finally, we describe how further developments of this technology could pave the way to an integrated MS-EM technology with promise to provide improved cryo-EM sample preparation over conventional plunge-freezing techniques.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Westphall, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salome, A. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lodge, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grant, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.13.464253</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[3D Structure Determination of Protein Complexes using Matrix-Landing Mass Spectrometry]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.08.467675v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Krüppel-like factor 4 is required for development and regeneration of germline and yolk cells from somatic stem cells in planarians 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.08.467675v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sexually reproducing animals segregate their germline from their soma. In addition to gamete-producing gonads, planarian and parasitic flatworm reproduction relies on yolk-cell-generating accessory reproductive organs (vitellaria) supporting development of yolkless oocytes. Despite the importance of vitellaria for flatworm reproduction (and parasite transmission), little is known about this unique evolutionary innovation. Here we examine reproductive system development in the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea, in which pluripotent stem cells generate both somatic and germ cell lineages. We show that a homolog of the pluripotency factor Klf4 is expressed in primordial germ cells, presumptive germline stem cells, and yolk-cell progenitors. klf4 knockdown animals fail to specify or maintain germ cells; surprisingly, they also fail to maintain yolk cells. We find that yolk cells display germ-cell-like attributes and that vitellaria are structurally analogous to gonads. In addition to identifying a new proliferative cell population in planarians (yolk cell progenitors) and defining its niche, our work provides evidence supporting the hypothesis that flatworm germ cells and yolk cells share a common evolutionary origin.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Issigonis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Redkar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rozario, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khan, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mejia-Sanchez, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lapan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reddien, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newmark, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.08.467675</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Krüppel-like factor 4 is required for development and regeneration of germline and yolk cells from somatic stem cells in planarians]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.15.468694v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure and functionality of a multimeric human COQ7:COQ9 complex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.15.468694v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Coenzyme Q (CoQ, ubiquinone) is a redox-active lipid essential for core metabolic pathways and antioxidant defense. CoQ is synthesized upon the mitochondrial inner membrane by an ill-defined  complex Q metabolon. Here we present a structure and functional analyses of a substrate- and NADH-bound oligomeric complex comprised of two complex Q subunits: the hydroxylase COQ7, which performs the penultimate step in CoQ biosynthesis, and the prenyl lipid-binding protein COQ9. We reveal that COQ7 adopts a modified ferritin-like fold with an extended hydrophobic access channel whose substrate binding capacity is enhanced by COQ9. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we further show that two COQ7:COQ9 heterodimers form a curved tetramer that deforms the membrane, potentially opening a pathway for CoQ intermediates to translocate from within the bilayer to the proteins lipid-binding sites. Two such tetramers assemble into a soluble octamer, closed like a capsid, with lipids captured within. Together, these observations indicate that COQ7 and COQ9 cooperate to access hydrophobic precursors and coordinate subsequent synthesis steps toward producing mature CoQ.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Manicki, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aydin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abriata, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Overmyer, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guerra, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coon, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dal Peraro, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frost, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pagliarini, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.15.468694</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure and functionality of a multimeric human COQ7:COQ9 complex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.22.469583v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Somatic regulation of female germ cell regeneration and development in planarians 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.22.469583v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Female germ cells develop into oocytes, with the capacity for totipotency. In most animals, these remarkable cells are specified during development and cannot be regenerated. By contrast, planarians, known for their regenerative prowess, can regenerate germ cells. To uncover mechanisms required for female germ cell development and regeneration, we generated gonad-specific transcriptomes and identified genes whose expression defines progressive stages of female germ cell development. Strikingly, early female germ cells share molecular signatures with the pluripotent stem cells driving planarian regeneration. We uncovered spatial heterogeneity within somatic ovarian cells and found that a regionally enriched FoxL homolog is required for oocyte differentiation, but not specification, suggestive of functionally distinct somatic compartments. Unexpectedly, a neurotransmitter-biosynthetic enzyme, AADC, is also expressed in somatic gonadal cells, and plays opposing roles in female and male germ cell development. Thus, somatic gonadal cells deploy conserved factors to regulate germ cell development and regeneration in planarians.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Khan, U. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newmark, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.22.469583</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Somatic regulation of female germ cell regeneration and development in planarians]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.08.471827v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Label-free imaging to track reprogramming of human somatic cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.08.471827v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The process of reprogramming patient samples to human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is stochastic, asynchronous, and inefficient leading to a heterogeneous population of cells. Here, we track the reprogramming status of single patient-derived cells during reprogramming with label-free live-cell imaging of cellular metabolism and nuclear morphometry to identify high-quality iPSCs. Erythroid progenitor cells (EPCs) isolated from human peripheral blood showed distinct patterns of autofluorescence lifetime for the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) [NAD(P)H] and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) during reprogramming. Random forest models classified starting EPCs, partially-reprogrammed intermediate cells, and iPSCs with [~]95% accuracy. Reprogramming trajectories resolved at the single cell level indicated significant reprogramming heterogeneity along different branches of cell state. This combination of micropatterning, autofluorescence imaging, and machine learning provides a unique non-destructive method to assess the quality of iPSCs in real-time for various applications in regenerative medicine, cell therapy biomanufacturing, and disease modeling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Saha, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skala, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molugu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Battistini, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heaster, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rouw, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guzman, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.08.471827</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Label-free imaging to track reprogramming of human somatic cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.08.471837v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A haplotype-resolved genome assembly of the Nile rat facilitates exploration of the genetic basis of diabetes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.08.471837v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Nile rat (Avicanthis niloticus) is an important animal model for biomedical research, including the study of diurnal rhythms and type 2 diabetes. Here, we report a 2.5 Gb, chromosome-level reference genome assembly with fully resolved parental haplotypes, generated with the Vertebrate Genomes Project (VGP). The assembly is highly contiguous, with contig N50 of 11.1 Mb, scaffold N50 of 83 Mb, and 95.2% of the sequence assigned to chromosomes. We used a novel workflow to identify 3,613 segmental duplications and quantify duplicated genes. Comparative analyses revealed unique genomic features of the Nile rat, including those that affect genes associated with type 2 diabetes and metabolic dysfunctions. These include 14 genes that are heterozygous in the Nile rat or highly diverged from the house mouse. Our findings reflect the exceptional level of genomic detail present in this assembly, which will greatly expand the potential of the Nile rat as a model organism for genetic studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Toh, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Formenti, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raja, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tracey, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chow, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howe, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergeron, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haase, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mountcastle, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fedrigo, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fogg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirilenko, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munegowda, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hiller, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kihara, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rhie, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillippy, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swanson, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clegg, D. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jarvis, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomson, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaisson, M. J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bukhman, Y. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.08.471837</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A haplotype-resolved genome assembly of the Nile rat facilitates exploration of the genetic basis of diabetes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.11.475845v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Differentiation of a CD4+/CD8αβ+ Double Positive T Cell Population From The CD8 Pool Is Sufficient To Mediate Graft-vs-Host Disease but not Graft-vs-Leukemia Effects 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.11.475845v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
An important paradigm in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantations (allo-HCTs) is the prevention of graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) while preserving the graft-vs-leukemia (GVL) activity of donor T cells. From an observational clinical study of adult allo-HCT recipients, we identified a CD4+/CD8+ double positive T cell (DPT) population, not present in starting grafts, whose presence was predictive of [&ge;] grade 2 GVHD. Using an established xenogeneic transplant model, we reveal that the DPT population develop from antigen stimulated CD8 T cells which become transcriptionally, metabolically and phenotypically distinct from single-positive CD4 and CD8 T cells. Isolated DPTs were sufficient to mediate xeno-GVHD pathology when re-transplanted into naive mice but provided no survival benefit when mice were challenged with a human B-ALL cell line. Overall, this study reveals human DPTs as a T cell population directly involved with GVHD pathology.

One Sentence SummaryHuman CD4+/CD8+ double positive T cells (DPTs) mediate xenogeneic GVHD but possess limited GVL activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hess, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turicek, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nadiminti, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hudson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hematti, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gumperz, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Capitini, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.11.475845</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Differentiation of a CD4+/CD8αβ+ Double Positive T Cell Population From The CD8 Pool Is Sufficient To Mediate Graft-vs-Host Disease but not Graft-vs-Leukemia Effects]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.31.478543v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modifications of lipoic arm by reactive nitrogen species regulate α-ketoacid dehydrogenases 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.31.478543v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitochondrial -ketoacid dehydrogenases, including the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) and the oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDC), are a family of multi-subunit enzyme complexes that use a lipoic arm to transfer an acyl group to coenzyme A (CoA). The regulation of -ketoacid dehydrogenases plays crucial roles in mitochondrial metabolism and cellular energy homeostasis. We previously found that PDHC and OGDC become profoundly inhibited in macrophages upon classical activation, causing substantial remodeling of the TCA cycle. This inhibition was driven by the loss of the catalytically active lipoic moiety; however, the molecular mechanism causing this loss was not clear. Here we show that reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which are produced by activated macrophages, can cause a series of thiol-modifications to the lipoic arm that inactivate PDHC and OGDC. CoA-SNO, the non-enzymatic product between RNS and the E2 subunits natural substrate CoA, plays a key role in efficiently delivering RNS mediated modifications onto the lipoic arm. This work reveals a new biochemical mechanism capable of substantially regulating mitochondrial -ketoacid dehydrogenases, which has potential relevance for a range of physiological and pathological conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Seim, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pagliarini, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.31.478543</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modifications of lipoic arm by reactive nitrogen species regulate α-ketoacid dehydrogenases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.03.479008v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An approachable, flexible, and practical machine learning workshop for biologists 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.03.479008v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The increasing prevalence and importance of machine learning in biological research has created a need for machine learning training resources tailored towards biological researchers. However, existing resources are often inaccessible, infeasible, or inappropriate for biologists because they require significant computational and mathematical knowledge, demand an unrealistic time-investment, or teach skills primarily for computational researchers. We created the Machine Learning for Biologists (ML4Bio) workshop, a short, intensive workshop that empowers biological researchers to comprehend machine learning applications and pursue machine learning collaborations in their own research. The ML4Bio workshop focuses on classification and was designed around 3 principles: (a) focusing on preparedness over fluency or expertise, (b) necessitating minimal coding and mathematical background, and (c) requiring low time investment. It incorporates active learning methods and custom open source software that allows participants to explore machine learning workflows. After multiple sessions to improve workshop design, we performed a study on 3 workshop sessions. Despite some confusion around identifying subtle methodological flaws in machine learning workflows, participants generally reported that the workshop met their goals, provided them with valuable skills and knowledge, and greatly increased their beliefs that they could engage in research that uses machine learning. ML4Bio is an educational tool for biological researchers, and its creation and evaluation provides valuable insight into tailoring educational resources for active researchers in different domains. The workshop materials are available from https://carpentries-incubator.github.io/ml4bio-workshop/ and the ml4bio software is available from https://github.com/gitter-lab/ml4bio.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Magnano, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russ, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cvetkovic, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Treu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gitter, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.03.479008</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An approachable, flexible, and practical machine learning workshop for biologists]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.04.479191v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SpatialCorr: Identifying Gene Sets with Spatially Varying Correlation Structure 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.04.479191v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent advances in spatially resolved transcriptomics technologies enable both the measurement of genome-wide gene expression profiles and their mapping to spatial locations within a tissue. A first step in spatial transcriptomics data analysis is identifying genes with expression that varies spatially, and robust statistical methods exist to address this challenge. While useful, these methods do not detect spatial changes in the coordinated expression within a group of genes. To this end, we present SpatialCorr, a method for identifying sets of genes with spatially varying correlation structure. Given a collection of gene sets pre-defined by a user, SpatialCorr tests for spatially induced differences in the correlation of each gene set within tissue regions, as well as between and among regions. An application to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma demonstrates the power of the approach for revealing biological insights not identified using existing methods.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bernstein, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ni, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prasad, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohanty, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newton, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kendziorski, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.04.479191</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SpatialCorr: Identifying Gene Sets with Spatially Varying Correlation Structure]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.04.479193v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CRSP: Comparative RNA-seq pipeline for species lacking both of sequenced genomes and reference transcripts 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.04.479193v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has been a widely used high-throughput method to characterize transcriptomic dynamics spatiotemporally. However, typical RNA-seq data analysis pipelines depend on either a sequenced genome or corresponding reference transcripts or them both. This restriction makes the use of RNA-seq for species lacking both of sequenced genomes and corresponding reference transcripts challenging. Nile grass rat (Arvicanthis niloticus) is a diurnal rodent species with several unique characteristics making it as a useful model to study diet-induced type 2 diabetes and other physiological or behavioral processes due to its diurnal nature. However, there is neither a high-quality annotated Nile grass rat genome nor a reference transcript sets available so far, making it technically challenging to perform large-scale RNA-seq based transcriptomic studies. Although we are working on the first draft of Nile grass rat genome, a well annotated genome typically requires several rounds of manually reviewing curated transcripts and can take years to achieve. To solve this problem, we developed a Comparative RNA-Seq Pipeline (CRSP), integrating a comparative species strategy but not depending on a specific sequenced genome or species-matched reference transcripts. Benchmarking suggests the CRSP tool can achieve high accuracy to quantify gene expression levels. In this study, we generated the first ultra-deep (2.3 billion x 2 paired-end) Nile grass rat RNA-seq data from 59 biopsy samples representing 22 major organs, providing a unique resource and spatial gene expression reference for using Nile grass rat as a model to study human diseases. To facilitate a general use of CRSP, we also characterized the number of RNA-seq reads required for accurate estimation via simulation studies. CRSP and documents are available at: https://github.com/pjiang1105/CRSP.

HighlightsO_LICRSP is a novel software tool which can quantify gene expression levels from RNA-seq data for species lacking both a sequenced genome and corresponding reference transcripts.
C_LIO_LINile grass rat is a unique diurnal rodent species (day active but not night active) with several unique characteristics making it as a useful model to study diet-induced type 2 diabetes and other physiological or behavioral processes due to its diurnal nature.
C_LIO_LIWe generated the first ultra-deep (2.3 billion x 2 paired-end reads) Nile grass rat RNA-seq data from 59 biopsy samples representing 22 major organs, providing a unique resource and spatial transcriptomic reference (e.g., tissue gene expression baseline) for using Nile grass rat as a model to study human diseases.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bagheri, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dewey, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.04.479193</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CRSP: Comparative RNA-seq pipeline for species lacking both of sequenced genomes and reference transcripts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.08.483353v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A versatile pattern-forming cortical circuit based on Rho, F-actin, Ect2 and RGA-3/4 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.08.483353v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many cells can generate complementary traveling waves of actin filaments (F-actin) and cytoskeletal regulators. This phenomenon, termed cortical excitability, results from coupled positive and negative feedback loops of cytoskeletal regulators. The nature of these feedback loops, however, remains poorly understood. We assessed the role of the Rho GAP RGA-3/4 in the cortical excitability that accompanies cytokinesis in both frog and starfish. RGA-3/4 localizes to the cytokinetic apparatus, "chases" Rho waves in an F-actin-dependent manner and, when co-expressed with the Rho GEF Ect2, is sufficient to convert the normally quiescent, immature Xenopus oocyte cortex into a dramatically excited state. Experiments and modeling show that changing the ratio of RGA-3/4 to Ect2 produces a range of cortical behaviors from pulses to complex waves of Rho activity. We conclude that RGA-3/4, Ect2, Rho and F-actin form the core of a circuit that drives a diverse range of cortical behaviors, and demonstrate that the immature oocyte is a powerful model for characterizing these dynamics.

SummaryMichaud et al. identify Ect2 and RGA-3/4 as core components of the cortical excitability circuit associated with cytokinesis. Additionally, they demonstrate that the immature Xenopus oocyte is a powerful model for characterizing excitable dynamics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Michaud, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leda, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swider, Z. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landino, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valley, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huisken, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goryachev, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>von Dassow, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bement, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.08.483353</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A versatile pattern-forming cortical circuit based on Rho, F-actin, Ect2 and RGA-3/4]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.31.486371v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Early Endosome Capture Proteomics and its Application to Amyloid Precursor Protein Intramembrane Processing by β and γ-Secretases 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.31.486371v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Degradation and recycling of plasma membrane-localized proteins occurs via the endolysosomal system, wherein endosomes bud into the cytosol from the plasma membrane and subsequently mature into degradative lysosomal compartments. The endolysosomal system also participates in intracellular membrane protein trafficking, signaling, and protein degradation via autophagy. Our understanding of the endolysosomal system has been significantly advanced through the development of methods for selective capture of lysosomes (termed Lyso-IP), but methods for analogous isolation of early intermediates in the endolysosomal system are lacking. Here, we develop an approach for rapid isolation of early/sorting endosomes through affinity capture of the early endosome-associated protein EEA1 (Endo-IP) and provide proteomic and lipidomic snapshots of early endosomes in action. In addition to resident endosomal components, we identify numerous recycling, regulatory and membrane fusion complexes as well as candidate cargo, providing a proteomic landscape of early/sorting endosomes that we distinguished from lysosomes via comparative proteomics. The approach allows capture of internalized transferrin within minutes of its addition to cells, indicating the utility of the approach for dynamic analysis of early/sorting endosomes. Among the endocytic cargo identified by Endo-IP was the amyloid precursor protein (APP) genetically linked with Alzheimers disease. Processing of APP to amyloidogenic A{beta} peptides by {beta}- and {gamma}-Secretases can occur within the endolysosomal system among other compartments, but methods for spatial quantification of A{beta} products in individual organelles are lacking. We combined Endo- and Lyso-IP with targeted proteomics to provide a spatial digital snapshot of A{beta} products. This analysis revealed that products of A{beta} processing by {beta}- and {gamma}-Secretases, and alterations in the specificity of cleavage by small molecule {gamma}-Secretase modulators, can be quantified in both early/sorting endosomes and lysosomes. We anticipate that the Endo-IP approach will facilitate systematic interrogation of the many processes that are coordinated on early endosomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Park, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hundley, F. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Overmyer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serrano, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paulo, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paoli, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swarup, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gygi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harper, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.31.486371</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Early Endosome Capture Proteomics and its Application to Amyloid Precursor Protein Intramembrane Processing by β and γ-Secretases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.14.503884v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Asparagine starvation suppresses histone demethylation through iron depletion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.14.503884v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nutrient availability can impact epigenome to modify gene expression and dictate cell fate decision (Etchegaray and Mostoslavsky, 2016; Kinnaird et al., 2016). -ketoglutarate is an indispensable substrate for the Jumonji family of histone demethylases (JHDMs) mediating most of the cellular demethylation reactions on histone subunits (Schvartzman et al., 2018). Since -ketoglutarate is an intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and a product of transamination, its intracellular levels are regulated by the metabolism of several amino acids (Baksh et al., 2020; Carey et al., 2015; Raffel et al., 2017; Vardhana et al., 2019). Here we show that asparagine starvation suppresses global histone demethylation. This process is neither due to the change of expression of histone modifying enzymes, nor due to the change of intracellular level of -ketoglutarate. Rather, asparagine starvation reduces intracellular pool of labile iron (Fe2+), which is a key cofactor for the JHDMs to function. Mechanistically, asparagine starvation post-transcriptionally suppresses the expression of iron responsive element binding protein 2 (IREB2), an iron sensing protein, which then reduces the mRNA expression of the transferrin receptor (TFRC), a major carrier for iron uptake (Hentze et al., 2010). Furthermore, iron supplementation to the culture medium restores histone demethylation and alters global gene expression to accelerate cell death under conditions of asparagine starvation. Collectively, our results uncover that suppression of iron-dependent histone demethylation is part of the cellular adaptive response to asparagine starvation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srivastava, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seim, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dave, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kapur, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mosley, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.14.503884</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Asparagine starvation suppresses histone demethylation through iron depletion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.10.515910v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Image restoration of degraded time-lapse microscopy data mediated by infrared-imaging. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.10.515910v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Time-lapse fluorescence microscopy is key to unraveling the processes underpinning biological development and function. However, living systems, by their nature, permit only a limited toolbox for interrogation. Consequently, following time-lapses, expended samples contain untapped information that is typically discarded. Herein we employ convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to augment the live imaging data using this complementary information. In particular, live, deep tissue imaging is limited by the spectral range of live-cell compatible probes/fluorescent proteins. We demonstrate that CNNs may be used to restore deep-tissue contrast in GFP-based time-lapse imaging using paired final-state datasets acquired using infrared dyes and improve information content accordingly. Surprisingly, the networks are remarkably robust over a wide range of developmental times. We employ said network to GFP time-lapse images captured during zebrafish and drosophila embryo/larval development and demonstrate live, deep tissue image contrast.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gritti, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Power, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graves, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huisken, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.10.515910</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Image restoration of degraded time-lapse microscopy data mediated by infrared-imaging.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.21.517380v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Differential metabolic adaptations define responses of winner and loser oncogenic mutant stem cells in skin epidermis in vivo 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.21.517380v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Skin epithelial stem cells detect and correct aberrancies induced by oncogenic mutations. Different oncogenes invoke different mechanisms of epithelial tolerance: while wild-type cells outcompete {beta}-catenin-Gain-of-Function ({beta}catGOF) mutant cells, HrasG12V mutant cells outcompete wild-type cells1,2. Here we ask how metabolic states change as wild-type stem cells interface with mutant cells, and how this ultimately drives different cell competition outcomes. By adapting our live-imaging platform to track endogenous redox ratio (NAD(P)H/FAD) with single cell resolution in the same mice over time, we show that wild-type epidermal stem cells maintain robust redox ratio despite their heterogeneous cell cycle states. We discover that both {beta}catGOF and HrasG12V models lead to a rapid drop in redox ratios. However, the "winner" cells in each model (wild-type in {beta}catGOF and mutant in HrasG12V), rapidly recover their redox ratios, irrespective of the mutation induced. Using mass spectrometry (13C-LC-MS/MS)3, we find that both mutants increase flux through the oxidative tricarboxylic acid cycle, but the "winner" HrasG12V cells and the "loser" {beta}catGOF cells modulate glycolytic flux differently. Hence, we reveal the metabolic adaptations that define the hallmarks of winners and losers during cell competition in vivo and uncover the nodes of regulation unique to each cell fate.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hemalatha, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tai, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lathrop, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gil, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matte-Martone, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ganesan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yun, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skala, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perry, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greco, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.21.517380</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Differential metabolic adaptations define responses of winner and loser oncogenic mutant stem cells in skin epidermis in vivo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.16.520638v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nodavirus RNA Replication Crown Architecture Reveals Proto-Crown Precursor and Viral Protein A Conformational Switching 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.16.520638v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Positive-strand RNA viruses replicate their genomes in virus-induced membrane vesicles, and the resulting RNA replication complexes are a major target for virus control. Nodavirus studies first revealed viral RNA replication proteins forming a 12-fold symmetric "crown" at the vesicle opening to the cytosol, an arrangement recently confirmed to extend to distantly related alphaviruses. Using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), we show that mature nodavirus crowns comprise two stacked 12-mer rings of multi-domain viral RNA replication protein A. Each ring contains an ~19 nm circle of C-proximal polymerase domains, differentiated by strikingly diverged positions of N-proximal RNA capping/membrane binding domains. The lower ring is a "proto-crown" precursor that assembles prior to RNA template recruitment, RNA synthesis and replication vesicle formation. In this proto-crown, the N-proximal segments interact to form a toroidal central floor, whose 3.1 [A] resolution structure reveals many mechanistic details of the RNA capping/membrane binding domains. In the upper ring, cryo-EM fitting indicates that the N-proximal domains extend radially outside the polymerases, forming separated, membrane-binding "legs." The polymerase and N-proximal domains are connected by a long linker accommodating the conformational switch between the two rings and possibly also polymerase movements associated with RNA synthesis and non-symmetric electron density in the lower center of mature crowns. The results reveal remarkable viral protein multifunctionality, conformational flexibility and evolutionary plasticity and new insights into (+)RNA virus replication and control.

SignificancePositive-strand RNA viruses - including coronaviruses, alphaviruses, flaviviruses and many other medically and economically important pathogens - replicate their RNA genomes by virus-encoded machinery that has been poorly characterized. Using an advanced nodavirus model, we identify a major precursor in RNA replication complex assembly and show it to be a 12-mer ring of viral RNA replication protein A, whose single particle cryo-EM structure reveals functional features of its membrane interaction, assembly, polymerase and RNA capping domains. We further show that fully functional RNA replication complexes acquire a second 12-mer ring of protein A in alternate conformation atop the first, and a central density likely to represent another polymerase conformation. These findings provide strong foundations for understanding, controlling and beneficially using such viruses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unchwaniwala, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rebolledo-Viveros, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pennington, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horswill, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Broadberry, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myers, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>den Boon, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grant, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahlquist, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.16.520638</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nodavirus RNA Replication Crown Architecture Reveals Proto-Crown Precursor and Viral Protein A Conformational Switching]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.09.523303v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure of alpha-synuclein fibrils derived from human Lewy body dementia tissue 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.09.523303v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The defining feature of Parkinson disease (PD) and Lewy body dementia (LBD) is the accumulation of alpha-synuclein (Asyn) fibrils in Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites. We developed and validated a novel method to amplify Asyn fibrils extracted from LBD postmortem tissue samples and used solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) studies to determine atomic resolution structure. Amplified LBD Asyn fibrils comprise two protofilaments with pseudo-21 helical screw symmetry, very low twist and an interface formed by antiparallel beta strands of residues 85-93. The fold is highly similar to the fold determined by a recent cryo-electron microscopy study for a minority population of twisted single protofilament fibrils extracted from LBD tissue. These results expand the structural landscape of LBD Asyn fibrils and inform further studies of disease mechanisms, imaging agents and therapeutics targeting Asyn.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dhavale, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barclay, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borcik, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basore, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, I. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milchberg, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Shea, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rau, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Summers, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warmuth, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fitzpatrick, J. A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwieters, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tajkhorshid, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rienstra, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kotzbauer, P. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.09.523303</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure of alpha-synuclein fibrils derived from human Lewy body dementia tissue]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.23.525260v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Autofluorescence lifetime imaging classifies human lymphocyte activation and subtype 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.23.525260v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
New non-destructive tools are needed to reliably assess lymphocyte function for immune profiling and adoptive cell therapy. Optical metabolic imaging (OMI) is a label-free method that measures the autofluorescence intensity and lifetime of metabolic cofactors NAD(P)H and FAD to quantify metabolism at a single-cell level. Here, we investigate whether OMI can resolve metabolic changes between human quiescent versus IL4/CD40 activated B cells and IL12/IL15/IL18 activated memory-like NK cells. We found that quiescent B and NK cells were more oxidized compared to activated cells. Additionally, the NAD(P)H mean fluorescence lifetime decreased and the fraction of unbound NAD(P)H increased in the activated B and NK cells compared to quiescent cells. Machine learning classified B cells and NK cells according to activation state (CD69+) based on OMI parameters with up to 93.4% and 92.6% accuracy, respectively. Leveraging our previously published OMI data from activated and quiescent T cells, we found that the NAD(P)H mean fluorescence lifetime increased in NK cells compared to T cells, and further increased in B cells compared to NK cells. Random forest models based on OMI classified lymphocytes according to subtype (B, NK, T cell) with 97.8% accuracy, and according to activation state (quiescent or activated) and subtype (B, NK, T cell) with 90.0% accuracy. Our results show that autofluorescence lifetime imaging can accurately assess lymphocyte activation and subtype in a label-free, non-destructive manner.

TeaserLabel-free optical imaging can assess the metabolic state of lymphocytes on a single-cell level in a touch-free system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schmitz, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tweed, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rehani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samimi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riendeau, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maly, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guzman, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forsberg, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shahi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Capitini, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walsh, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skala, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.23.525260</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Autofluorescence lifetime imaging classifies human lymphocyte activation and subtype]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.01.526695v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Light sheet autofluorescence lifetime imaging with a single photon avalanche diode array 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.01.526695v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array sensors can increase the imaging speed for fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) by transitioning from laser scanning to widefield geometries. While a SPAD camera in epi-fluorescence geometry enables widefield FLIM of fluorescently labeled samples, label-free imaging of single-cell autofluorescence is not feasible in an epi-fluorescence geometry because background fluorescence from out-of-focus features masks weak cell autofluorescence and biases lifetime measurements. Here, we address this problem by integrating the SPAD camera in a light sheet illumination geometry to achieve optical sectioning and limit out-of-focus contributions, enabling fast label-free FLIM of single-cell NAD(P)H autofluorescence. The feasibility of this NAD(P)H light sheet FLIM system was confirmed with time-course imaging of metabolic perturbations in pancreas cancer cells with 10 s integration times, and in vivo NAD(P)H light sheet FLIM was demonstrated with live neutrophil imaging in a zebrafish tail wound, also with 10 s integration times. Finally, the theoretical and practical imaging speeds for NAD(P)H FLIM were compared across laser scanning and light sheet geometries, indicating a 30X to 6X frame rate advantage for the light sheet compared to the laser scanning geometry. This light sheet system provides faster frame rates for 3D NAD(P)H FLIM for live cell imaging applications such as monitoring single cell metabolism and immune cell migration throughout an entire living organism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Samimi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desa, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiss, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huisken, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miskolci, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huttenlocher, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chacko, J. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Velten, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogers, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eliceiri, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skala, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.01.526695</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Light sheet autofluorescence lifetime imaging with a single photon avalanche diode array]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.08.531732v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
cell-analysis-tools: an open-source library for single-cell analysis of multi-dimensional microscopy images 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.08.531732v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single cell analysis of multi-dimensional microscopy images is repetitive, time consuming, and arduous. Numerous analysis steps are required to quantify and visualize cell heterogeneity and trends between experimental groups. The open-source community has created tools to facilitate this process. To further simplify analysis, we created a library of functions called cell-analysis-tools. This library includes functions that can streamline single-cell analysis for faster quality checking and automation. This library also includes example code with randomly generated data for dimensionality reduction [t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE), principal component analysis (PCA), Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP)] and machine learning models [random forest, support vector machine (SVM), linear regression] that scientists can swap with their own data to visualize trends. Lastly, this library includes template scripts for feature extraction that can help identify differences between experimental groups and cell heterogeneity within a group. This library can significantly decrease user time while increasing robustness and reproducibility of results.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Contreras, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rehani, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skala, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.08.531732</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[cell-analysis-tools: an open-source library for single-cell analysis of multi-dimensional microscopy images]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.09.531932v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Optical coherence tomography of human fetal membrane sub-layers during dynamic loading 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.09.531932v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fetal membranes have important mechanical and antimicrobial roles in maintaining pregnancy. However, the small thickness (<800 m) of fetal membranes places them outside the resolution limits of most ultrasound and magnetic resonance systems. Optical imaging methods like optical coherence tomography (OCT) have the potential to fill this resolution gap. Here, OCT and machine learning methods were developed to characterize the ex vivo properties of human fetal membranes under dynamic loading. A saline inflation test was incorporated into an OCT system, and tests were performed on n=33 and n=32 human samples obtained from labored and C-section donors, respectively. Fetal membranes were collected in near-cervical and near-placental locations. Histology, endogenous two photon fluorescence microscopy, and second harmonic generation microscopy were used to identify sources of contrast in OCT images of fetal membranes. A convolutional neural network was trained to automatically segment fetal membrane sub-layers with high accuracy (Dice coefficients >0.8). Intact amniochorion bilayer and separated amnion and chorion were individually loaded, and the amnion layer was identified as the load-bearing layer within intact fetal membranes for both labored and C-section samples, consistent with prior work. Additionally, the rupture pressure and thickness of the amniochorion bilayer from the near-placental region were greater than those of the near-cervical region for labored samples. This location-dependent change in fetal membrane thickness was not attributable to the load-bearing amnion layer. Finally, the initial phase of the loading curve indicates that amniochorion bilayer from the near-cervical region is strain-hardened compared to the near-placental region in labored samples. Overall, these studies fill a gap in our understanding of the structural and mechanical properties of human fetal membranes at high resolution under dynamic loading events.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Samimi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Contreras Guzman, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlson, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feltovich, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myers, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oyen, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skala, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.09.531932</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Optical coherence tomography of human fetal membrane sub-layers during dynamic loading]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.09.531970v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
T-CLEARE: A Pilot Community-Driven Tissue-Clearing Protocol Repository 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.09.531970v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Selecting and implementing a tissue-clearing protocol is challenging. Established more than 100 years ago, tissue clearing is still a rapidly evolving field of research. There are currently many published protocols to choose from, and each performs better or worse across a range of key evaluation factors (e.g., speed, cost, tissue stability, fluorescence quenching). Additionally, tissue-clearing protocols are often optimized for specific experimental contexts, and applying an existing protocol to a new problem can require a lengthy period of adaptation by trial and error. Although the primary literature and review articles provide a useful starting point for optimization, there is growing recognition that many articles do not provide sufficient detail to replicate or reproduce experimental results. To help address this issue, we have developed a novel, freely available repository of tissue-clearing protocols named T-CLEARE (Tissue CLEAring protocol REpository; https://doryworkspace.org/doryviz). T-CLEARE incorporates community responses to an open survey designed to capture details not commonly found in the scientific literature, including modifications to published protocols required for specific use cases and instances when tissue-clearing protocols did not perform well (negative results). The goal of T-CLEARE is to provide a forum for the community to share evaluations and modifications of tissue-clearing protocols for various tissue types and potentially identify best-in-class methods for a given application.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Weiss, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huisken, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakalov, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engle, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gridley, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krzyzanowski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madden, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maiese, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waterfield, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamilton, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huggins, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.09.531970</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[T-CLEARE: A Pilot Community-Driven Tissue-Clearing Protocol Repository]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.14.532620v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hem25p is a mitochondrial IPP transporter 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.14.532620v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Coenzyme Q (CoQ, ubiquinone) is an essential cellular cofactor comprised of a redox-active quinone head group and a long hydrophobic polyisoprene tail. How mitochondria access cytosolic isoprenoids for CoQ biosynthesis is a longstanding mystery. Here, via a combination of genetic screening, metabolic tracing, and targeted uptake assays, we reveal that Hem25p--a mitochondrial glycine transporter required for heme biosynthesis--doubles as an isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) transporter in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mitochondria lacking Hem25p fail to efficiently incorporate IPP into early CoQ precursors, leading to loss of CoQ and turnover of CoQ biosynthetic proteins. Expression of Hem25p in Escherichia coli enables robust IPP uptake demonstrating that Hem25p is sufficient for IPP transport. Collectively, our work reveals that Hem25p drives the bulk of mitochondrial isoprenoid transport for CoQ biosynthesis in yeast.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tai, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guerra, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogers, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muehlbauer, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shishkova, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Overmyer, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coon, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pagliarini, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.14.532620</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hem25p is a mitochondrial IPP transporter]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.31.535146v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A role for cytoglobin in regulating intracellular hydrogen peroxide and redox signals in the vasculature 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.31.535146v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The oxidant hydrogen peroxide serves as a signaling molecule that alters many aspects of cardiovascular functions. Recent studies suggest that cytoglobin - a hemoglobin expressed in the vasculature - may promote electron transfer reactions with proposed functions in hydrogen peroxide decomposition. Here, we determined the extent to which cytoglobin regulates intracellular hydrogen peroxide and established mechanisms. We found that cytoglobin decreased the hyperoxidation of peroxiredoxins and maintained the activity of peroxiredoxin 2 following challenge with exogenous hydrogen peroxide. Cytoglobin promoted a reduced intracellular environment and facilitated the reduction of the thiol-based hydrogen peroxide sensor Hyper7 after bolus addition of hydrogen peroxide. Cytoglobin also limited the inhibitory effect of hydrogen peroxide on glycolysis and reversed the oxidative inactivation of the glycolytic enzyme GAPDH. Our results indicate that cytoglobin in cells exists primarily as oxyferrous cytoglobin (CygbFe2+-O2) with its cysteine residues in the reduced form. We found that the specific substitution of one of two cysteine residues on cytoglobin (C83A) inhibited the reductive activity of cytoglobin on Hyper7 and GAPDH. Carotid arteries from cytoglobin knockout mice were more sensitive to glycolytic inhibition by hydrogen peroxide than arteries from wildtype mice. Together, these results support a role for cytoglobin in regulating intracellular redox signals associated with hydrogen peroxide through oxidation of its cysteine residues, independent of hydrogen peroxide reaction at its heme center.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mathai, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jourd'heuil, F. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, L. G. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilliard, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balnis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Overmyer, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coon, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaitovich, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boivin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jourd'heuil, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.31.535146</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A role for cytoglobin in regulating intracellular hydrogen peroxide and redox signals in the vasculature]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.30.542911v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Serial KinderMiner (SKiM) Discovers and Annotates Biomedical Knowledge Using Co-Occurrence and Transformer Models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.30.542911v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe PubMed database contains more than 34 million articles; consequently, it is becoming increasingly difficult for a biomedical researcher to keep up-to-date with different knowledge domains. Computationally efficient and interpretable tools are needed to help researchers find and understand associations between biomedical concepts. The goal of literature-based discovery (LBD) is to connect concepts in isolated literature domains that would normally go undiscovered. This usually takes the form of an A-B-C relationship, where A and C terms are linked through a B term intermediate. Here we describe Serial KinderMiner (SKiM), an LBD algorithm for finding statistically significant links between an A term and one or more C terms through some B term intermediate(s). The development of SKiM is motivated by the the observation that there are only a few LBD tools that provide a functional web interface, and that the available tools are limited in one or more of the following ways: 1) they identify a relationship but not the type of relationship, 2) they do not allow the user to provide their own lists of B or C terms, hindering flexibility, 3) they do not allow for querying thousands of C terms (which is crucial if, for instance, the user wants to query connections between a disease and the thousands of available drugs), or 4) they are specific for a particular biomedical domain (such as cancer). We provide an open-source tool and web interface that improves on all of these issues.

ResultsWe demonstrate SKiMs ability to discover useful A-B-C linkages in three control experiments: classic LBD discoveries, drug repurposing, and finding associations related to cancer. Furthermore, we supplement SKiM with a knowledge graph built with transformer machine-learning models to aid in interpreting the relationships between terms found by SKiM. Finally, we provide a simple and intuitive open-source web interface (https://skim.morgridge.org) with comprehensive lists of drugs, diseases, phenotypes, and symptoms so that anyone can easily perform SKiM searches.

ConclusionsSKiM is a simple algorithm that can perform LBD searches to discover relationships between arbitrary user-defined concepts. SKiM is generalized for any domain, can perform searches with many thousands of C term concepts, and moves beyond the simple identification of an existence of a relationship; many relationships are given relationship type labels from our knowledge graph.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Millikin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raja, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steill, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lock, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ross, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsoi, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuusisto, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ni, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Livny, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bockelman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.30.542911</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Serial KinderMiner (SKiM) Discovers and Annotates Biomedical Knowledge Using Co-Occurrence and Transformer Models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.04.543621v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Conditional lethality profiling reveals anticancer mechanisms of action and drug-nutrient interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.04.543621v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chemical screening studies have identified drug sensitivities across hundreds of cancer cell lines but most putative therapeutics fail to translate. Discovery and development of drug candidates in models that more accurately reflect nutrient availability in human biofluids may help in addressing this major challenge. Here we performed high-throughput screens in conventional versus Human Plasma-Like Medium (HPLM). Sets of conditional anticancer compounds span phases of clinical development and include non-oncology drugs. Among these, we characterize a unique dual-mechanism of action for brivudine, an agent otherwise approved for antiviral treatment. Using an integrative approach, we find that brivudine affects two independent targets in folate metabolism. We also traced conditional phenotypes for several drugs to the availability of nucleotide salvage pathway substrates and verified others for compounds that seemingly elicit off-target anticancer effects. Our findings establish generalizable strategies for exploiting conditional lethality in HPLM to reveal therapeutic candidates and mechanisms of action.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Flickinger, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rossiter, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunger, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cantor, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.04.543621</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Conditional lethality profiling reveals anticancer mechanisms of action and drug-nutrient interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.23.546317v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The microenvironment dictates glycocalyx construction and immune surveillance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.23.546317v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Efforts to identify anti-cancer therapeutics and understand tumor-immune interactions are built with in vitro models that do not match the microenvironmental characteristics of human tissues. Using in vitro models which mimic the physical properties of healthy or cancerous tissues and a physiologically relevant culture medium, we demonstrate that the chemical and physical properties of the microenvironment regulate the composition and topology of the glycocalyx. Remarkably, we find that cancer and age-related changes in the physical properties of the microenvironment are sufficient to adjust immune surveillance via the topology of the glycocalyx, a previously unknown phenomenon observable only with a physiologically relevant culture medium.

Key PointsO_LICulture medium dictates cellular mechanoresponse signatures in vitro
C_LIO_LIEpithelial glycocalyx construction is mediated by Heat Shock Factor 1 (HSF1)
C_LIO_LISialic acid topology dictates Natural Killer cell cytotoxicity
C_LIO_LIPhysiological microenvironments reveal distinct glycobiology
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tharp, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Timblin, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richards, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Twells, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riley, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peltan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shon, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stevenson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsui, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palomba, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lefebvre, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soens, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayad, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>ten Hoeve-Scott, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Healy, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Digman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dillin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertozzi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahal, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swaney, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cantor, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paszek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weaver, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.23.546317</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The microenvironment dictates glycocalyx construction and immune surveillance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.31.551364v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reactive nitrogen species inhibit branched chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenasecomplex and impact muscle cell metabolism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.31.551364v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Branched chain -ketoacid dehydrogenase complex (BCKDC) is the rate limiting enzyme in branched chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism, a metabolic pathway with great importance for human health. BCKDC belongs to the mitochondrial -ketoacid dehydrogenase complex family, which also includes pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) and oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDC). Here we revealed that BCKDC can be substantially inhibited by reactive nitrogen species (RNS) via a mechanism similar to what we recently discovered with PDHC and OGDC -- modifying the lipoic arm on its E2 subunit. In addition, we showed that such reaction between RNS and the lipoic arm of the E2 subunit can further promote inhibition of the E3 subunits of -ketoacid dehydrogenase complexes. We examined the impacts of this RNS-mediated BCKDC inhibition in muscle cells, an important site of BCAA metabolism, and demonstrated that the nitric oxide production induced by cytokine stimulation leads to a strong inhibition of BCKDC activity and BCAA oxidation in myotubes and myoblasts. More broadly, nitric oxide production reduced the level of functional lipoic arms across the multiple -ketoacid dehydrogenases and led to intracellular accumulation of their substrates (-ketoacids), reduction of their products (acyl-CoAs), and a lower cellular energy charge. This work revealed a new mechanism for BCKDC regulation, demonstrated its biological significance, and elucidated the mechanistic connection between RNS-driven inhibitory modifications on the E2 and E3 subunits of -ketoacid dehydrogenases. Together with previous work, we revealed a general mechanism for RNS to inhibit all -ketoacid dehydrogenases, which has numerous physiological implications across multiple cell types.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Arp, N. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seim, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Josephson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.31.551364</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reactive nitrogen species inhibit branched chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenasecomplex and impact muscle cell metabolism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.10.552811v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metabolic changes to host cells with Toxoplasma gondii infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.10.552811v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Toxoplasma gondii, the causative agent of toxoplasmosis, is an obligate intracellular parasite that infects warm-blooded vertebrates across the world. In humans, seropositivity rates of T. gondii range from 10% to 90%. Despite its prevalence, few studies address how T. gondii infection changes the metabolism of host cells. Here, we investigate how T. gondii manipulates the host cell metabolic environment by monitoring metabolic response over time using non-invasive autofluorescence lifetime imaging of single cells, seahorse metabolic flux analysis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and metabolomics. Autofluorescence lifetime imaging indicates that infected host cells become more oxidized and have an increased proportion of bound NAD(P)H with infection. These findings are consistent with changes in mitochondrial and glycolytic function, decrease of intracellular glucose, fluctuations in lactate and ROS production in infected cells over time. We also examined changes associated with the pre-invasion "kiss and spit" process using autofluorescence lifetime imaging, which similarly showed a more oxidized host cell with an increased proportion of bound NAD(P)H over 48 hours. Glucose metabolic flux analysis indicated that these changes are driven by NADH and NADP+ in T. gondii infection. In sum, metabolic changes in host cells with T. gondii infection were similar during full infection, and kiss and spit. Autofluorescence lifetime imaging can non-invasively monitor metabolic changes in host cells over a microbial infection time-course.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gallego-Lopez, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Contreras Guzman, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knoll, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skala, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.10.552811</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metabolic changes to host cells with Toxoplasma gondii infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.15.557892v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Naive primary neutrophils play a dual role in the tumor microenvironment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.15.557892v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is characterized by a network of cancer cells, recruited immune cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) in a hypoxic microenvironment. However, the specific role of neutrophils during tumor development, and their interactions with other immune cells is still not well understood. Thus, there is a need to investigate the interaction between primary neutrophils and natural killer cells and the resulting effects on tumor development. Here we use both standard well plate culture and an under oil microfluidic (UOM) assay with an integrated extracellular cell matrix (ECM) bridge to elucidate how naive primary neutrophils respond to both patient derived tumor cells and tumor cell lines. Our data demonstrated that both patient derived head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tumor cells and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells trigger cluster formation in neutrophils, and the swarm of neutrophils restricts tumor invasion through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and neutrophil extracellular trap (NETs) release within the neutrophil cluster. However, we also observed that the presence of neutrophils downregulates granzyme B in NK-92 cells and the resulting NETs can obstruct NK cells from penetrating the tumor mass in vitro suggesting a dual role for neutrophils in the TME. Further, using label-free optical metabolic imaging (OMI) we observed changes in the metabolic activities of primary neutrophils during the different swarming phases when challenged with tumor cells. Finally, our data demonstrates that neutrophils in direct contact, or in close proximity, with tumor cells exhibit greater metabolic activities (lower nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD(P)H) mean lifetime) compared to non-contact neutrophils.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Babatunde, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Datta, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayuso, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huttenlocher, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skala, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beebe, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerr, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.15.557892</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Naive primary neutrophils play a dual role in the tumor microenvironment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.25.559385v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Activation-induced shift in nutrient preference and function-specific nutrient dependence in human neutrophils 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.25.559385v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neutrophils - the first responders in innate immunity - perform a variety of effector functions associated with specific metabolic demand. To maintain fitness and support functions, neutrophils have been found to utilize extracellular glucose, intracellular glycogen, and other alternative substrates. However, the quantitative contribution of these nutrients under specific conditions and the relative dependence of various cell functions on specific nutrients remain unclear. Here, using ex vivo and in vivo isotopic tracing, we reveal that under resting condition, human peripheral blood neutrophils, in contrast to in vitro cultured human neutrophil-like cell lines, rely on glycogen as a major direct source of glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway. Upon activation with a diversity of stimuli, neutrophils undergo a significant and often rapid nutrient preference shift, with glucose becoming the dominant metabolic source thanks to a multi-fold increase in glucose uptake mechanistically mediated by the phosphorylation and translocation of GLUT1. At the same time, cycling between gross glycogenesis and glycogenolysis is also substantially increased, while the net flux favors sustained or increased glycogen storage. The shift in nutrient utilization impacts neutrophil functions in a function-specific manner. The activation of oxidative burst specifically depends on the utilization of extracellular glucose rather than glycogen. In contrast, the release of neutrophil traps can be flexibly supported by either glucose or glycogen. Neutrophil migration and fungal control is promoted by the shift away from glycogen utilization. Together, these results quantitatively characterize fundamental features of neutrophil metabolism and elucidate how metabolic remodeling shapes neutrophil functions upon activation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Britt, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qing, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Votava, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lika, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arp, N. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schieke, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fletcher, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huttenlocher, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.25.559385</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Activation-induced shift in nutrient preference and function-specific nutrient dependence in human neutrophils]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.27.564376v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SCD1 and monounsaturated lipids are required for autophagy and survival of adipocytes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.27.564376v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Exposure of adipocytes to  cool temperatures often found in the periphery of the body induces expression of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase-1 (SCD1), an enzyme that converts saturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids. In this study, we employed Scd1 knockout cells and mouse models, along with pharmacological SCD1 inhibition, to investigate further the roles of SCD1 in adipocytes. Our study reveals that production of monounsaturated lipids by SCD1 is necessary for fusion of autophagosomes to lysosomes and that with a SCD1-deficiency, autophagosomes accumulate. In addition, SCD1-deficiency impairs lysosomal and autolysosomal acidification resulting in vacuole accumulation and eventual cell death. Blocking autophagosome formation or supplementation with monounsaturated fatty acids maintains vitality of SCD1-deficient adipocytes. Taken together, our results demonstrate that in vitro inhibition of SCD1 in adipocytes leads to autophagy-dependent cell death, and in vivo depletion leads to loss of bone marrow adipocytes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mori, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peterson, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simmermon, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Overmyer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nishii, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paulsson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ziru, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uranga, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maung, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yacawych, W. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, K. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schill, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hetrick, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seino, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Inoki, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacDougald, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.27.564376</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SCD1 and monounsaturated lipids are required for autophagy and survival of adipocytes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.09.566407v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantifying in vivo collagen reorganization during immunotherapy in murine melanoma with second harmonic generation imaging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.09.566407v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SignificanceIncreased collagen linearization and deposition during tumorigenesis can impede immune cell infiltration and lead to tumor metastasis. Although melanoma is well studied in immunotherapy research, studies that quantify collagen changes during melanoma progression and treatment are lacking.

AimImage in vivo collagen in preclinical melanoma models during immunotherapy and quantify the collagen phenotype in treated and control mice.

ApproachSecond harmonic generation imaging of collagen was performed in mouse melanoma tumors in vivo over a treatment time-course. Animals were treated with a curative radiation and immunotherapy combination. Collagen morphology was quantified over time at an image and single fiber level using CurveAlign and CT-FIRE software.

ResultsIn immunotherapy-treated mice, collagen reorganized toward a healthy phenotype, including shorter, wider, curlier collagen fibers, with modestly higher collagen density. Temporally, collagen fiber straightness and length changed late in treatment (Day 9 and 12) while width and density changed early (Day 6) compared to control mice. Single fiber level collagen analysis was most sensitive to the changes between treatment groups compared to image level analysis.

ConclusionsQuantitative second harmonic generation imaging can provide insight into collagen dynamics in vivo during immunotherapy, with key implications in improving immunotherapy response in melanoma and other cancers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Heaton, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burkard, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sondel, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skala, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.09.566407</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantifying in vivo collagen reorganization during immunotherapy in murine melanoma with second harmonic generation imaging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.21.568149v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
One-Hour Phosphoproteome Analysis with the Orbitrap Astral Mass Spectrometer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.21.568149v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Owing to its roles in cellular signal transduction, protein phosphorylation plays critical roles in myriad cell processes. That said, detecting and quantifying protein phosphorylation has remained a challenge. We describe the use of a novel mass spectrometer (Orbitrap Astral) coupled with data-independent acquisition (DIA) to achieve rapid and deep analysis of human and mouse phosphoproteomes. With this method we map approximately 30,000 unique human phosphorylation sites within a half-hour of data collection. The technology was benchmarked to other state-of-the-art MS platforms using both synthetic peptide standards and with EGF-stimulated HeLa cells. We applied this approach to generate a phosphoproteome multi-tissue atlas of the mouse. Altogether, we detected 81,120 unique phosphorylation sites within 12 hours of measurement. With this unique dataset, we examine the sequence, structural, and kinase specificity context of protein phosphorylation. Finally, we highlight the discovery potential of this resource with multiple examples of novel phosphorylation events relevant to mitochondrial and brain biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lancaster, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sinitcyn, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forny, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters-Clarke, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fecher, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shishkova, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arrey, T. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pashkova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arp, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galmozzi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serrano, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Westphall, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hock, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Damoc, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pagliarini, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zabrouskov, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coon, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.21.568149</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[One-Hour Phosphoproteome Analysis with the Orbitrap Astral Mass Spectrometer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.28.568893v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Heme biosynthesis regulates BCAA catabolism and thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.28.568893v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
With age, people tend to accumulate body fat and reduce energy expenditure1. Brown (BAT) and beige adipose tissue dissipate heat and increase energy expenditure via the activity of the uncoupling protein UCP1 and other thermogenic futile cycles2,3. The activity of brown and beige depots inversely correlates with BMI and age4-11, suggesting that promoting thermogenesis may be an effective approach for combating age-related metabolic disease12-15. Heme is an enzyme cofactor and signaling molecule that we recently showed to regulate BAT function16. Here, we show that heme biosynthesis is the primary contributor to intracellular heme levels in brown adipocytes. Inhibition of heme biosynthesis leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and reduction in UCP1. Although supplementing heme can restore mitochondrial function in heme-synthesis-deficient cells, the downregulation of UCP1 persists due to the accumulation of the heme precursors, particularly propionyl-CoA, which is a product of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) catabolism. Cold exposure promotes BCAA uptake in BAT, and defects in BCAA catabolism in this tissue hinder thermogenesis17. However, BCAAs contribution to the TCA cycle in BAT and WAT never exceeds 2% of total TCA flux18. Our work offers a way to integrate current literature by describing heme biosynthesis as an important metabolic sink for BCAAs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Duerre, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>John, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carrillo, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bui, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fabregat, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Overmyer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shishkova, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keller, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cryns, V. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Attie, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galmozzi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.28.568893</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Heme biosynthesis regulates BCAA catabolism and thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.06.570471v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A niche-derived non-ribosomal peptide triggers planarian sexual development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.06.570471v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Germ cells are regulated by local microenvironments (niches), which secrete instructive cues. Conserved developmental signaling molecules act as niche-derived regulatory factors, yet other types of niche signals remain to be identified. Single-cell RNA-sequencing of sexual planarians revealed niche cells expressing a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (nrps). Inhibiting nrps led to loss of female reproductive organs and testis hyperplasia. Mass spectrometry detected the dipeptide {beta}-alanyl-tryptamine (BATT), which is associated with reproductive system development and requires nrps and a monoamine-transmitter-synthetic enzyme (AADC) for its production. Exogenous BATT rescued the reproductive defects after nrps or aadc inhibition, restoring fertility. Thus, a non-ribosomal, monoamine-derived peptide provided by niche cells acts as a critical signal to trigger planarian reproductive development. These findings reveal an unexpected function for monoamines in niche-germ cell signaling. Furthermore, given the recently reported role for BATT as a male-derived factor required for reproductive maturation of female schistosomes, these results have important implications for the evolution of parasitic flatworms and suggest a potential role for non-ribosomal peptides as signaling molecules in other organisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Issigonis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Browder, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collins, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newmark, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.06.570471</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A niche-derived non-ribosomal peptide triggers planarian sexual development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.27.573447v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Macrophages undergo functionally significant reprograming of nucleotide metabolism upon classical activation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.27.573447v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During an immune response, macrophages specifically rewire their metabolism to support functional changes. Using a multi-omics approach, we identified nucleotide metabolism as one of the most significantly rewired pathways across the metabolic network in classically activated macrophages. Further isotopic tracing studies revealed the substantial changes in nucleotide de novo synthesis, degradation, and salvage fluxes in stimulated macrophages, as well as the key reactions where metabolic regulation occurs: 1) de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides is shut down and particularly blocked at the last step of IMP synthesis catalyzed by ATIC; 2) de novo synthesis of pyrimidines is maintained up to UMP, but further synthesis of CTP (catalyzed by CTPS) and dTMP (catalyzed by TYMS) is greatly reduced; 3) Nucleotide degradation to nitrogenous bases is increased, but further oxidation of purine bases (catalyzed by XOR) is inhibited, causing a great accumulation of nucleosides and bases; and 4) cells switch to salvaging the nucleosides and bases as the primary means to maintain purine nucleotides. Mechanistically, we found these changes are driven by a combination of transcriptional regulation and enzyme inhibition. Nitric oxide (NO) was identified as a major regulator, driving the strong inhibition of ATIC and XOR, and the transcriptional downregulation of Tyms. To understand the functional impact of the activation-induced switch from purine de novo synthesis to salvage, we knocked out the purine salvage enzyme Hprt. Hprt knockout significantly alters functional gene expression in activated macrophages, suppresses macrophage migration, and increases pyroptosis. Furthermore, knocking out Hprt or Xor increases the proliferation of the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii in macrophages. Together, these results comprehensively uncovered the dynamic rewiring of nucleotide metabolism in classically activated macrophages, elucidated the key regulatory mechanisms, and identified the functional significance of such rewiring.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>John, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seim, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erazo-Flores, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steill, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freeman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Votava, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arp, N. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qing, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knoll, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.27.573447</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Macrophages undergo functionally significant reprograming of nucleotide metabolism upon classical activation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.09.574893v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ACAD10 and ACAD11 enable mammalian 4-hydroxy acid lipid catabolism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.09.574893v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fatty acid {beta}-oxidation (FAO) is a central catabolic pathway with broad implications for organismal health. However, various fatty acids are largely incompatible with standard FAO machinery until they are modified by other enzymes. Included among these are the 4-hydroxy acids (4-HAs)--fatty acids hydroxylated at the 4 ({gamma}) position--which can be provided from dietary intake, lipid peroxidation, and certain drugs of abuse. Here, we reveal that two atypical and poorly characterized acyl-CoA dehydrogenases (ACADs), ACAD10 and ACAD11, drive 4-HA catabolism in mice. Unlike other ACADs, ACAD10 and ACAD11 feature kinase domains N-terminal to their ACAD domains that phosphorylate the 4-OH position as a requisite step in the conversion of 4-hydroxyacyl-CoAs into 2-enoyl-CoAs--conventional FAO intermediates. Our ACAD11 cryo-EM structure and molecular modeling reveal a unique binding pocket capable of accommodating this phosphorylated intermediate. We further show that ACAD10 is mitochondrial and necessary for catabolizing shorter-chain 4-HAs, whereas ACAD11 is peroxisomal and enables longer-chain 4-HA catabolism. Mice lacking ACAD11 accumulate 4-HAs in their plasma while comparable 3- and 5-hydroxy acids remain unchanged. Collectively, this work defines ACAD10 and ACAD11 as the primary gatekeepers of mammalian 4-HA catabolism and sets the stage for broader investigations into the ramifications of aberrant 4-HA metabolism in human health and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rashan, E. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartlett, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khana, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, Z. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cook, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caldwell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chevalier, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pfleger, B. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amador-Noguez, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simcox, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pagliarini, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-01-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.01.09.574893</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ACAD10 and ACAD11 enable mammalian 4-hydroxy acid lipid catabolism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-01-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.15.575638v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-content phenotypic analysis of a C. elegans recombinant inbred population identifies genetic and molecular regulators of lifespan 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.15.575638v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lifespan is influenced by complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Studying those factors in model organisms of a single genetic background limits their translational value for humans. Here, we mapped lifespan determinants in 85 genetically diverse C. elegans recombinant intercross advanced inbred lines (RIAILs). We assessed molecular profiles - transcriptome, proteome, and lipidome - and life-history traits, including lifespan, development, growth dynamics, and reproduction. RIAILs exhibited large variations in lifespan, which positively correlated with developmental time. Among the top candidates obtained from multi-omics data integration and QTL mapping, we validated known and novel longevity modulators, including rict-1, gfm-1 and mltn-1. We translated their relevance to humans using UK Biobank data and showed that variants in RICTOR and GFM1 are associated with an elevated risk of age-related heart disease, dementia, diabetes, kidney, and liver diseases. We organized our dataset as a resource (https://lisp-lms.shinyapps.io/RIAILs/) that allows interactive explorations for new longevity targets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gao, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El Alam, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katsyuba, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sulc, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Overmyer, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lalou, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mouchiroud, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bou Sleiman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cornaglia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morel, J.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Houtkooper, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Auwerx, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-01-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.01.15.575638</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-content phenotypic analysis of a C. elegans recombinant inbred population identifies genetic and molecular regulators of lifespan]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-01-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.31.575774v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metabolic priming of GD2 TRAC-CAR T cellsduring manufacturing promotes memory phenotypes while enhancing persistence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.31.575774v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Manufacturing Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapies is complex, with limited understanding of how media composition impact T-cell phenotypes. CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoproteins can precisely insert a CAR sequence while disrupting the endogenous T cell receptor alpha constant (TRAC) gene resulting in TRAC-CAR T cells with an enriched stem cell memory T-cell population, a process that could be further optimized through modifications to the media composition. In this study we generated anti-GD2 TRAC-CAR T cells using "metabolic priming" (MP), where the cells were activated in glucose/glutamine low media and then expanded in glucose/glutamine high media. T cell products were evaluated using spectral flow cytometry, metabolic assays, cytokine production, cytotoxicity assays in vitro and potency against human GD2+ xenograft neuroblastoma models in vivo. Compared to standard TRAC-CAR T cells, MP TRAC-CAR T cells showed less glycolysis, higher CCR7/CD62L expression, more bound NAD(P)H activity and reduced IFN-{gamma}, IL-2, IP-10, IL-1{beta}, IL-17, and TGF{beta} production at the end of manufacturing ex vivo, with increased central memory CAR T cells and better persistence observed in vivo. Metabolic priming with media during CAR T cell biomanufacturing can minimize glycolysis and enrich memory phenotypes ex vivo, which could lead to better responses against solid tumors in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cappabianca, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forsberg, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bugel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tommasi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lauer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vidugiriene, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hrdlicka, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McHale, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sodji, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skala, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Capitini, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saha, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.01.31.575774</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metabolic priming of GD2 TRAC-CAR T cellsduring manufacturing promotes memory phenotypes while enhancing persistence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.20.581240v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Label free metabolic imaging to enhance the efficacy of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cell therapy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.20.581240v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy for solid tumors remains challenging due to the complex manufacturing process and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. The manufacturing condition directly impacts CAR T cell yield, phenotype, and metabolism, which correlate with in vivo potency and persistence. Optical metabolic imaging (OMI) is a non-invasive, label-free method to evaluate single cell metabolism based on autofluorescent metabolic coenzymes NAD(P)H and FAD. Using OMI, we identified the dominating impacts of media composition over the selection of antibody stimulation and/or cytokines on anti-GD2 CAR T cell metabolism, activation strength and kinetics, and phenotype. We demonstrated that OMI parameters were indicative of cell cycle stage and optimal gene transfer conditions for both viral transduction and electroporation-based CRISPR/Cas9. Notably, OMI accurately predicted oxidative metabolic phenotype of virus-free CRISPR-edited anti-GD2 CAR T cells that correlated to higher in vivo potency against neuroblastoma. Our data supports OMIs potential as a robust, sensitive analytical tool that enables dynamic and optimal manufacturing conditions for increased CAR T cell yield and metabolic fitness.

One sentence summaryAutofluorescence imaging informs manufacturing conditions that enhance yield and metabolic fitness of CAR T cells for neuroblastoma.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pham, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cappabianca, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forsberg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weaver, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mueller, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tommasi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vidugiriene, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lauer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sylvester, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bugel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Capitini, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saha, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skala, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.20.581240</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Label free metabolic imaging to enhance the efficacy of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cell therapy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.15.585128v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Biophysics-based protein language models for protein engineering 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.15.585128v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein language models trained on evolutionary data have emerged as powerful tools for predictive problems involving protein sequence, structure, and function. However, these models overlook decades of research into biophysical factors governing protein function. We propose Mutational Effect Transfer Learning (METL), a protein language model framework that unites advanced machine learning and biophysical modeling. Using the METL framework, we pretrain transformer-based neural networks on biophysical simulation data to capture fundamental relationships between protein sequence, structure, and energetics. We finetune METL on experimental sequence-function data to harness these biophysical signals and apply them when predicting protein properties like thermostability, catalytic activity, and fluorescence. METL excels in challenging protein engineering tasks like generalizing from small training sets and position extrapolation, although existing methods that train on evolutionary signals remain powerful for many types of experimental assays. We demonstrate METLs ability to design functional green fluorescent protein variants when trained on only 64 examples, showcasing the potential of biophysics-based protein language models for protein engineering.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gelman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freschlin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Costa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gitter, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romero, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.15.585128</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Biophysics-based protein language models for protein engineering]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.26.586828v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lysosomal storage disease proteo/lipidomic profiling using nMOST links ferritinophagy with mitochondrial iron deficiencies in cells lacking NPC2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.26.586828v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) comprise [~]50 monogenic disorders marked by the buildup of cellular material in lysosomes, yet systematic global molecular phenotyping of proteins and lipids is lacking. We present a nanoflow-based multi-omic single-shot technology (nMOST) workflow that quantifies HeLa cell proteomes and lipidomes from over two dozen LSD mutants. Global cross-correlation analysis between lipids and proteins identified autophagy defects, notably the accumulation of ferritinophagy substrates and receptors, especially in NPC1-/- and NPC2-/- mutants, where lysosomes accumulate cholesterol. Autophagic and endocytic cargo delivery failures correlated with elevated lyso-phosphatidylcholine species and multi-lamellar structures visualized by cryo-electron tomography. Loss of mitochondrial cristae, MICOS- complex components, and OXPHOS components rich in iron-sulfur cluster proteins in NPC2-/- cells was largely alleviated when iron was provided through the transferrin system. This study reveals how lysosomal dysfunction affects mitochondrial homeostasis and underscores nMOST as a valuable discovery tool for identifying molecular phenotypes across LSDs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Harper, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kraus, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swarup, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Overmyer, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brenner, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Capitanio, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bieber, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nightingale, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paulo, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, I. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plitzko, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schulman, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilfling, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coon, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.26.586828</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lysosomal storage disease proteo/lipidomic profiling using nMOST links ferritinophagy with mitochondrial iron deficiencies in cells lacking NPC2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.15.594394v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Autofluorescence lifetime flow cytometry with time-correlated single photon counting 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.15.594394v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Autofluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is sensitive to metabolic changes in single cells based on changes in the protein-binding activities of the metabolic co-enzymes NAD(P)H. However, FLIM typically relies on time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) detection electronics on laser-scanning microscopes, which are expensive, low-throughput, and require substantial post-processing time for cell segmentation and analysis. Here, we present a fluorescence lifetime-sensitive flow cytometer that offers the same TCSPC temporal resolution in a flow geometry, with low-cost single-photon excitation sources, a throughput of tens of cells per second, and real-time single-cell analysis. The system uses a 375nm picosecond-pulsed diode laser operating at 50MHz, alkali photomultiplier tubes, an FPGA-based time tagger, and can provide real-time phasor-based classification (i.e., gating) of flowing cells. A CMOS camera produces simultaneous brightfield images using far-red illumination. A second PMT provides two-color analysis. Cells are injected into the microfluidic channel using a syringe pump at 2-5 mm/s with nearly 5ms integration time per cell, resulting in a light dose of 2.65 J/cm2 that is well below damage thresholds (25 J/cm2 at 375 nm). Our results show that cells remain viable after measurement, and the system is sensitive to autofluorescence lifetime changes in Jurkat T cells with metabolic perturbation (sodium cyanide), quiescent vs. activated (CD3/CD28/CD2) primary human T cells, and quiescent vs. activated primary adult mouse neural stem cells, consistent with prior studies using multiphoton FLIM. This TCSPC-based autofluorescence lifetime flow cytometer provides a valuable label-free method for real-time analysis of single-cell function and metabolism with higher throughput than laser-scanning microscopy systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Samimi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pasachhe, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guzman, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riendeau, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillette, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiech, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skala, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.15.594394</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Autofluorescence lifetime flow cytometry with time-correlated single photon counting]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.03.597232v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Piximi - An Images to Discovery web tool for bioimages and beyond 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.03.597232v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Deep learning has greatly accelerated research in biological image analysis yet it often requires programming skills and specialized tool installation. Here we present Piximi, a modern, no-programming image analysis tool leveraging deep learning. Implemented as a web application at Piximi.app, Piximi requires no installation and can be accessed by any modern web browser. Its client-only architecture preserves the security of researcher data by running all computation locally. Piximi offers four core modules: a deep learning classifier, an image annotator, measurement modules, and pre-trained deep learning segmentation modules. Piximi is interoperable with existing tools and workflows by supporting import and export of common data and model formats. The intuitive researcher interface and easy access to Piximi allows biological researchers to obtain insights into images within just a few minutes. Piximi aims to bring deep learning-powered image analysis to a broader community by eliminating barriers to entry.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Moser, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gogoberidze, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papaleo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lucas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dao, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedrich, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paavolainen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molnar, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stirling, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hung, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tromans-Coia, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eliceiri, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horvath, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carpenter, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cimini, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.03.597232</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Piximi - An Images to Discovery web tool for bioimages and beyond]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.07.597791v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Diminished Immune Cell Adhesion in Hypoimmune ICAM-1 Knockout Pluripotent Stem Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.07.597791v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hypoimmune gene edited human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are a promising platform for developing reparative cellular therapies that evade immune rejection. Existing first-generation hypoimmune strategies have used CRISPR/Cas9 editing to modulate genes associated with adaptive (e.g., T cell) immune responses, but have largely not addressed the innate immune cells (e.g., monocytes, neutrophils) that mediate inflammation and rejection processes occurring early after graft transplantation. We identified the adhesion molecule ICAM-1 as a novel hypoimmune target that plays multiple critical roles in both adaptive and innate immune responses post-transplantation. In a series of studies, we found that ICAM-1 blocking or knock-out (KO) in hPSC-derived cardiovascular therapies imparted significantly diminished binding of multiple immune cell types. ICAM-1 KO resulted in diminished T cell proliferation responses in vitro and in longer in vivo retention/protection of KO grafts following immune cell encounter in NeoThy humanized mice. The ICAM-1 KO edit was also introduced into existing first-generation hypoimmune hPSCs and prevented immune cell binding, thereby enhancing the overall hypoimmune capacity of the cells. This novel hypoimmune editing strategy has the potential to improve the long-term efficacy and safety profiles of regenerative therapies for cardiovascular pathologies and a number of other diseases.

HighlightsO_LIAntibody blocking of ICAM-1 on human pluripotent stem cell-derived cells inhibits immune cell adhesion
C_LIO_LICRISPR/Cas9 knock-out of ICAM-1 ablates surface and secreted ICAM-1 protein and inhibits immune adhesion
C_LIO_LIICAM-1 knock-out results in decreased T cell proliferative responses to human pluripotent stem cell-derived grafts in vitro, and resistance to immune-mediated graft loss in vivo
C_LIO_LIAddition of ICAM-1 knock-out to first generation MHC knock-out human pluripotent stem cells confers protection against immune adhesion
C_LI



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=129 SRC="FIGDIR/small/597791v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (36K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@890b56org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@147449borg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1e94f08org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@43c55c_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG O_FLOATNOGraphical AbstractC_FLOATNO ICAM-1 Knock-out in Transendothelial Migration and at the Immune Synapse.

Abbreviations: PSC-EC - pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells; KO - knock-out; dSMAC - distal supramolecular activation complex; pSMAC - peripheral supramolecular activation complex; cSMAC - central supramolecular activation complex.

C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Saha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haynes, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Del Rio, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holm, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blashka, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scholz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henrichs, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suresh Babu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steill, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamp, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.07.597791</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Diminished Immune Cell Adhesion in Hypoimmune ICAM-1 Knockout Pluripotent Stem Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.07.597994v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cellpose as a reliable method for single-cell segmentation of autofluorescence microscopy images 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.07.597994v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Autofluorescence microscopy uses intrinsic sources of molecular contrast to provide cellular-level information without extrinsic labels. However, traditional cell segmentation tools are often optimized for high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) images, such as fluorescently labeled cells, and unsurprisingly perform poorly on low SNR autofluorescence images. Therefore, new cell segmentation tools are needed for autofluorescence microscopy. Cellpose is a deep learning network that is generalizable across diverse cell microscopy images and automatically segments single cells to improve throughput and reduce inter-human biases. This study aims to validate Cellpose for autofluorescence imaging, specifically from multiphoton intensity images of NAD(P)H. Manually segmented nuclear masks of NAD(P)H images were used to train new Cellpose models. These models were applied to PANC-1 cells treated with metabolic inhibitors and patient-derived cancer organoids (across 9 patients) treated with chemotherapies. These datasets include co-registered fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) of NAD(P)H and FAD, so fluorescence decay parameters and the optical redox ratio (ORR) were compared between masks generated by the new Cellpose model and manual segmentation. The Dice score between repeated manually segmented masks was significantly lower than that of repeated Cellpose masks (p<0.0001) indicating greater reproducibility between Cellpose masks. There was also a high correlation (R2>0.9) between Cellpose and manually segmented masks for the ORR, mean NAD(P)H lifetime, and mean FAD lifetime across 2D and 3D cell culture treatment conditions. Masks generated from Cellpose and manual segmentation also maintain similar means, variances, and effect sizes between treatments for the ORR and FLIM parameters. Overall, Cellpose provides a fast, reliable, reproducible, and accurate method to segment single cells in autofluorescence microscopy images such that functional changes in cells are accurately captured in both 2D and 3D culture.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Riendeau, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillette, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Contreras Guzman, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Costa Cruz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kralovec, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Udgata, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmitz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deming, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cimini, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skala, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.07.597994</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cellpose as a reliable method for single-cell segmentation of autofluorescence microscopy images]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.15.599113v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MPAC: a computational framework for inferring cancer pathway activities from multi-omic data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.15.599113v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fully capturing cellular state requires examining genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and other assays for a biological sample and comprehensive computational modeling to reason with the complex and sometimes conflicting measurements. Modeling these so-called multi-omic data is especially beneficial in disease analysis, where observations across omic data types may reveal unexpected patient groupings and inform clinical outcomes and treatments. We present Multi-omic Pathway Analysis of Cells (MPAC), a computational framework that interprets multi-omic data through prior knowledge from biological pathways. MPAC leverages network relationships encoded in pathways through a factor graph to infer consensus activity levels for proteins and associated pathway entities from multi-omic data, runs permutation testing to eliminate spurious activity predictions, and groups biological samples by pathway activities to allow identifying and prioritizing proteins with potential clinical relevance, e.g., associated with patient prognosis. Using DNA copy number alteration and RNA-seq data from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas as an example, we demonstrate that MPAC predicts a patient subgroup related to immune responses not identified by analysis with either input omic data type alone. Key proteins identified via this subgroup have pathway activities related to clinical outcome as well as immune cell compositions. Our MPAC R package, available at https://bioconductor.org/packages/MPAC, enables similar multi-omic analyses on new datasets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Page, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahlquist, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ong, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gitter, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.15.599113</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MPAC: a computational framework for inferring cancer pathway activities from multi-omic data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.26.605362v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single cell autofluorescence imaging reveals immediate metabolic shifts of neutrophils with activation across biological systems 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.26.605362v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neutrophils, the most abundant leukocytes in human peripheral circulation, are crucial for the innate immune response. They are typically quiescent but rapidly activate in response to infection and inflammation, performing diverse functions such as oxidative burst, phagocytosis, and NETosis, which require significant metabolic adaptation. Deeper insights into such metabolic changes will help identify regulation of neutrophil functions in health and diseases. Due to their short lifespan and associated technical challenges, the metabolic processes of neutrophils are not completely understood. This study uses optical metabolic imaging (OMI), which entails optical redox ratio and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy of intrinsic metabolic coenzymes NAD(P)H and FAD to assess the metabolic state of single neutrophils. Primary human neutrophils were imaged in vitro under a variety of activation conditions and metabolic pathway inhibitors, while metabolic and functional changes were confirmed with mass spectrometry, oxidative burst, and NETosis measurements. Our findings show that neutrophils undergo rapid metabolic remodeling to a reduced redox state indicated by changes in NAD(P)H lifetime and optical redox ratio, with a shift to an oxidized redox state during activation. Additionally, single cell OMI analysis reveals a heterogeneous metabolic response across neutrophils and human donors to live pathogen infection (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Toxoplasma gondii). Finally, consistent OMI changes with activation were confirmed between in vitro human and in vivo zebrafish larvae neutrophils. This study demonstrates the potential of OMI as a versatile tool for studying neutrophil metabolism and underscores its use across different biological systems, offering insights into neutrophil metabolic activity and function at a single cell level.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Datta, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miskolci, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallego Lopez, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Britt, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillette, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kralovec, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giese, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huttenlocher, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skala, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.26.605362</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single cell autofluorescence imaging reveals immediate metabolic shifts of neutrophils with activation across biological systems]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.25.614908v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Real time imaging reveals a role for macrophage protrusive motility in melanoma invasion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.25.614908v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Macrophages are primary cells of the innate immune system that mediate tumor progression. However, the motile behavior of macrophages and interactions with tumor cells are not well understood. Here, we exploit the optical transparency of larval zebrafish and perform real time imaging of macrophage-melanoma interactions. We found that macrophages are highly motile in the tumor microenvironment. Macrophages extend dynamic projections between tumor cells that precedes invasive melanoma migration. Modulating macrophage motility with a dominant inhibitory mutation in Rac2 inhibits recruitment to the tumor and impairs tumor invasion. However, a hyperactivating mutation in Rac2 does not affect macrophage recruitment but limits macrophage projections into the melanoma mass and reduces invasive melanoma cell migration. Taken together, these findings reveal a role for Rac2-mediated macrophage protrusive motility in melanoma invasion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ramakrishnan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miskolci, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunter, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giese, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muench, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eliceiri, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lasarev, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huttenlocher, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.25.614908</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Real time imaging reveals a role for macrophage protrusive motility in melanoma invasion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.11.617742v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GATA1-deficient human pluripotent stem cells generate neutrophils with improved antifungal immunity that is mediated by the integrin CD18 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.11.617742v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neutrophils are critical for host defense against fungi. However, the short life span and lack of genetic tractability of primary human neutrophils has limited in vitro analysis of neutrophil-fungal interactions. Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neutrophils (iNeutrophils) are a genetically tractable alternative to primary human neutrophils. Here, we show that deletion of the transcription factor GATA1 from human iPSCs results in iNeutrophils with improved antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus. GATA1 knockout (KO) iNeutrophils have increased maturation, antifungal pattern recognition receptor expression and more readily execute neutrophil effector functions compared to wild-type iNeutrophils. iNeutrophils also show a shift in their metabolism following stimulation with fungal {beta}-glucan, including an upregulation of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), similar to primary human neutrophils in vitro. Furthermore, we show that deletion of the integrin CD18 attenuates the ability of GATA1-KO iNeutrophils to kill A. fumigatus but is not necessary for the upregulation of PPP. Collectively, these findings support iNeutrophils as a robust system to study human neutrophil antifungal immunity and has identified specific roles for CD18 in the defense response.

Author SummaryNeutrophils are important first responders to fungal infections, and understanding their antifungal functions is essential to better elucidating disease dynamics. Primary human neutrophils are short lived and do not permit genetic manipulation, limiting their use to study neutrophil-fungal interactions in vitro. Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neutrophils (iNeutrophils) are a genetically tractable alternative to primary human neutrophils for in vitro analyses. In this report we show that GATA1-deficient iPSCs generate neutrophils (iNeutrophils) that are more mature than wild-type iNeutrophils and display increased antifungal activity against the human fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. We also show that GATA1-deficient iNeutrophils have increased expression of antifungal receptors than wild-type cells and shift their metabolism and execute neutrophil antifungal functions at levels comparable to primary human neutrophils. Deletion of the integrin CD18 blocks the ability of GATA1-deficient iNeutrophils to kill and control the growth of A. fumigatus, demonstrating an important role for this integrin in iNeutrophil antifungal activity. Collectively, these findings support the use of iNeutrophils as a model to study neutrophil antifungal immunity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wagner, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennin, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Votava, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Datta, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giese, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skala, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keller, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huttenlocher, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.11.617742</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GATA1-deficient human pluripotent stem cells generate neutrophils with improved antifungal immunity that is mediated by the integrin CD18]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.11.622451v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systematic benchmarking of mass spectrometry-based antibody sequencing reveals methodological biases 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.11.622451v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The circulating antibody repertoire is crucial for immune protection, holding significant immunological and biotechnological value. While bottom-up mass spectrometry (MS) is the most widely used proteomics technique for profiling the sequence diversity of circulating antibodies (Ab-seq), it has not been thoroughly benchmarked. We quantified the replicability and robustness of Ab-seq using six monoclonal antibodies with known protein sequences in 70 different combinations of concentration and oligoclonality, both with and without polyclonal serum IgG background. Each combination underwent four protease treatments and was analyzed across four experimental and three technical replicates, totaling 3,360 LC-MS/MS runs. We quantified the dependence of MS-based Ab-seq identification on antibody sequence, concentration, protease, background signal diversity, and bioinformatics setups. Integrating the data from experimental replicates, proteases, and bioinformatics tools enhanced antibody identification. De novo peptide sequencing showed similar performance to database-dependent methods for higher antibody concentrations, but de novo antibody reconstruction remains challenging. Our work provides a foundational resource for the field of MS-based antibody profiling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chernigovskaya, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Quy, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stensland, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yilmaz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalogeropoulos, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sinitcyn, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castellana, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonissone, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foss, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersen, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandve, G. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jenkins, T. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noble, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nyman, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snapkow, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greiff, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.11.622451</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systematic benchmarking of mass spectrometry-based antibody sequencing reveals methodological biases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.15.623777v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Schistosome esophageal gland factor MEG-8.2 drives host cell lysis and interacts with host immune proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.15.623777v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Schistosomes are blood flukes that ingest large amounts of host blood during their intra-mammalian stage. The ingested blood contains leukocytes that can be harmful, yet the parasites survive inside the host for decades, reflecting superb immune evasion mechanisms that remain poorly understood. Our previous work discovered that FoxA, a forkhead transcription factor, drives the production of the esophageal gland, an anterior digestive organ essential for degrading the ingested leukocytes and for in vivo survival. However, a comprehensive molecular makeup of the esophageal gland remains unclear. Importantly, which of the esophageal gland factors are responsible for degrading the ingested leukocytes, their mechanism of action, and how such a function relates to parasite survival and immune evasion remains unknown. Here, we identify additional esophageal gland genes by taking a comparative transcriptomics approach to identify transcripts altered in foxA knockdown adult schistosomes. A targeted RNAi screen coupled with biochemistry reveals that specific domains of the micro-exon gene MEG-8.2, can drive host cell lysis in a concentration-dependent manner. Using pull-down assays coupled with mass spectrometry, we discover that MEG-8.2 interacts with several host membrane and extracellular proteins that play important roles in activating innate and/or adaptive immunity. Together, our findings suggest a dual role for MEG-8.2 in effectively lysing the ingested cells in the esophageal lumen and interacting with specific host proteins to neutralize or suppress the host immunity. These findings lay an important foundation for exploiting esophageal gland factors to treat schistosomiasis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yadav, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simbassa, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sloan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newmark, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.15.623777</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Schistosome esophageal gland factor MEG-8.2 drives host cell lysis and interacts with host immune proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.07.627347v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SPE-CZE-MS quantifies zeptomole concentrations ofphosphorylated peptides 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.07.627347v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) is gaining attention in the field of single-cell proteomics for its ultra-low-flow and high-resolution separation abilities. Even more sample-limited yet rich in biological information are phosphoproteomics experiments, as the phosphoproteome composes only a fraction of the whole cellular proteome. Rapid analysis, high sensitivity, and maximization of sample utilization are paramount for single-cell analysis. Some challenges of coupling CZE analysis with mass spectrometry analysis (MS) of complex mixtures include 1. sensitivity due to volume loading limitations of CZE and 2. incompatibility of MS duty cycles with electrophoretic timescales. Here, we address these two challenges as applied to single-cell equivalent phosphoproteomics experiments by interfacing a microchip-based CZE device integrated with a solid-phase-extraction (SPE) bed with the Orbitrap Astral mass spectrometer. Using 225 phosphorylated peptide standards and phosphorylated peptide-enriched mouse brain tissue, we investigate microchip-based SPE-CZE functionality, quantitative performance, and complementarity to nano-LC-MS (nLC-MS) analysis. We highlight unique SPE-CZE separation mechanisms that can empower fit-for-purpose applications in single-cell-equivalent phosphoproteomics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Serrano, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mellors, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lancaster, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Overmyer, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quarmby, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coon, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.07.627347</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SPE-CZE-MS quantifies zeptomole concentrations ofphosphorylated peptides]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.23.630148v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Wide-field optical redox imaging with leading-edge detection for assessment of patient-derived cancer organoids 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.23.630148v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Patient-derived cancer organoids (PDCOs) are a valuable model to recapitulate human disease in culture with important implications for drug development. However, current methods for assessing PDCOs are limited. Label-free imaging methods are a promising tool to measure organoid level heterogeneity and rapidly screen drug response in PDCOs. The aim of this study was to assess and predict PDCO response to treatments based on mutational profiles using label-free wide-field optical redox imaging (WF ORI). WF ORI provides organoid-level measurements of treatment response without labels or additional reagents by measuring the autofluorescence intensity of the metabolic co-enzymes NAD(P)H and FAD. The optical redox ratio is defined as the fluorescence intensity of [NAD(P)H / NAD(P)H +FAD] which measures the oxidation-reduction state of PDCOs. We have implemented WF ORI and developed novel leading-edge analysis tools to maximize the sensitivity and reproducibility of treatment response measurements in colorectal PDCOs. Leading-edge analysis improves sensitivity to redox changes in treated PDCOs (G{Delta} = 1.462 vs G{Delta} = 1.233). Additionally, WF ORI resolves FOLFOX treatment effects across all PDCOs better than two-photon ORI, with [~]7X increase in effect size (G{Delta} = 1.462 vs G{Delta} = 0.189). WF ORI distinguishes metabolic differences based on driver mutations in CRC PDCOs identifying KRAS+PIK3CA double mutant PDCOs vs wildtype PDCOs with 80% accuracy and can identify treatment resistant mutations in mixed PDCO cultures (G{Delta} = 1.39). Overall, WF ORI enables rapid, sensitive, and reproducible measurements of treatment response and heterogeneity in colorectal PDCOs that will impact patient management, clinical trials, and preclinical drug development.

Statement of SignificanceLabel-free wide-field optical redox imaging of patient-derived cancer organoids enables rapid, sensitive, and reproducible measurements of treatment response and heterogeneity that will impact patient management, clinical trials, and preclinical drug development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gillette, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Udgata, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmitz, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stoecker, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deming, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skala, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.23.630148</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Wide-field optical redox imaging with leading-edge detection for assessment of patient-derived cancer organoids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.08.632035v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Technical Evaluation of Plasma Proteomics Technologies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.08.632035v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plasma proteomic technologies are rapidly evolving and of critical importance to the field of biomedical research. Here we report a technical evaluation of six notable plasma proteomic technologies - unenriched (Neat), Acid depletion, PreOmics ENRICHplus, Mag-Net, Seer Proteograph XT, Olink Explore HT. The methods were compared on proteomic depth, reproducibility, linearity, tolerance to lipid interference, and limit of detection/quantification. In total we performed 618 LC-MS/MS experiments and 93 Olink Explore HT assays. The Seer method achieved the greatest proteomic depth ([~]4,500), while Olink detected [~]2,600 proteins. Other MS-based methods ranged from [~]500-2,200. Neat, Mag-Net, Seer, and Olink had strong reproducibility, while PreOmics and Acid showed higher variability. All MS methods showed good linearity with spiked-in C-Reactive Protein (CRP); CRP was surprisingly not in the Olink assay. None of the methods were affected by lipid interference. Seer had more than double the number of quantifiable proteins (4,800) for both LOD and LOQ than the next best method. Olink was comparable to Neat and Mag-Net for LOD, but worse for LOQ. Finally, we tested the applicability of these methods for detecting differences between healthy and cancer groups in a non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cohort.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Beimers, W. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Overmyer, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sinitcyn, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lancaster, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coon, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.08.632035</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Technical Evaluation of Plasma Proteomics Technologies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.10.632484v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
pH adjustment increases biofuel production from inhibitory switchgrass hydrolysates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.10.632484v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biofuels derived from renewable and sustainable lignocellulosic biomass, such as switchgrass, offer a promising means to limit greenhouse gas emissions. However, switchgrass grown under drought conditions contains high levels of chemical compounds that inhibit microbial conversion to biofuels. Fermentation of drought switchgrass hydrolysates by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zymomonas mobilis generates less ethanol than fermentation of hydrolyzed switchgrass from an average rainfall year. Here, we demonstrate that this inhibitory effect can be alleviated by altering the pH of drought-switchgrass hydrolysates made from two different pretreatment methods: Ammonia Fiber Expansion (AFEX) and Soaking in Aqueous Ammonia (SAA). Fermentation rates and biofuel production from AFEX- and SAA-pretreated switchgrass hydrolysates from normal and drought years were higher at pH 5.8 than at pH 5.0 for both Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zymomonas mobilis. Additionally, SAA pretreatment of drought switchgrass enabled increased fermentation rates and titers compared to AFEX pretreatment. Using a synthetic mimic of switchgrass hydrolysate, we identified relief from pH-dependent inhibition by lignocellulose-derived inhibitors as the cause of increased biofuel production above a pH of 5.0. These results demonstrate that SAA pretreatment and pH adjustment can significantly improve fermentation and biofuel production from switchgrass hydrolysates and especially from drought-switchgrass hydrolysates by industrial microorganisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barten, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crandall, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serate, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Handowski, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Overmyer, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coon, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hittinger, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landick, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sato, T. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.10.632484</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[pH adjustment increases biofuel production from inhibitory switchgrass hydrolysates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.23.634576v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Decaying and expanding Erk gradients process memory of skeletal size during zebrafish fin regeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.23.634576v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Regeneration of an amputated salamander limb or fish fin restores pre-injury size and structure, illustrating the phenomenon of positional memory. Although appreciated for centuries, the identity of position-dependent cues and how they control tissue growth are not resolved. Here, we quantify Erk signaling events in whole populations of osteoblasts during zebrafish fin regeneration. We find that osteoblast Erk activity is dependent on Fgf receptor signaling and organized into millimeter-long gradients that extend from the distal tip to the amputation site. Erk activity scales with the amount of tissue amputated, predicts the likelihood of osteoblast cycling, and predicts the size of regenerated skeletal structures. Mathematical modeling suggests gradients are established by the transient deposition of long-lived ligands that are transported by tissue growth. This concept is supported by the observed scaling of expression of the essential epidermal ligand fgf20a with extents of amputation. Our work provides evidence that localized, scaled expression of pro-regenerative ligands instructs long-range signaling and cycling to control skeletal size in regenerating appendages.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rich, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Simone, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janssen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ando, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vergassola, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poss, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Talia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.23.634576</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Decaying and expanding Erk gradients process memory of skeletal size during zebrafish fin regeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.03.636312v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mitochondrial metabolism is rapidly re-activated in mature neutrophils to support stimulation-induced response 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.03.636312v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neutrophils are highly abundant innate immune cells that are constantly produced from myeloid progenitors in the bone marrow. Differentiated neutrophils can perform an arsenal of effector functions critical for host defense. This study aims to quantitatively understand neutrophil mitochondrial metabolism throughout differentiation and activation, and to elucidate the impact of mitochondrial metabolism on neutrophil functions. To study metabolic remodeling throughout neutrophil differentiation, murine ER-Hoxb8 myeloid progenitor-derived neutrophils and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neutrophils were assessed as models. To study the metabolic remodeling upon neutrophil activation, differentiated ER-Hoxb8 neutrophils and primary human neutrophils were activated with various stimuli, including ionomycin, MSU crystals, and PMA. Characterization of cellular metabolism by isotopic tracing, extracellular flux analysis, metabolomics, and fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy revealed dynamic changes in mitochondrial metabolism. As neutrophils mature, mitochondrial metabolism decreases drastically, energy production is fully offloaded from oxidative phosphorylation, and glucose oxidation through TCA cycle is substantially reduced. Nonetheless, mature neutrophils retain the capacity for mitochondrial metabolism. Upon stimulation with certain stimuli, TCA cycle is rapidly activated. Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier inhibitors reduce this re-activation of the TCA cycle and inhibit the release of neutrophil extracellular traps. Mitochondrial metabolism also impacts neutrophil redox status, migration, and apoptosis without significantly changing overall bioenergetics. Together, these results demonstrate that mitochondrial metabolism is dynamically remodeled and plays a significant role in neutrophil function and fate. Furthermore, these findings point to the therapeutic potential of mitochondrial pyruvate carrier inhibitors in a range of conditions where dysregulated neutrophil response drives inflammation and contributes to pathology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lika, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Votava, J. A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Datta, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kralovec, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huttenlocher, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skala, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.03.636312</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mitochondrial metabolism is rapidly re-activated in mature neutrophils to support stimulation-induced response]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.07.637120v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hexokinase detachment from mitochondria drives the Warburg effect to support compartmentalized ATP production 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.07.637120v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hexokinase (HK) catalyzes the synthesis of glucose-6-phosphate, marking the first committed step of glucose metabolism. Most cancer cells express two homologous isoforms (HK1 and HK2) that can each bind to the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM). CRISPR screens across hundreds of cancer cell lines indicate that both are dispensable for cell growth in traditional culture media. By contrast, HK2 deletion impairs cell growth in Human Plasma-Like Medium (HPLM). Here, we find that HK2 is required to maintain sufficient cytosolic (OMM-detached) HK activity under conditions that enhance HK1 binding to the OMM. Notably, OMM-detached rather than OMM-docked HK promotes "aerobic glycolysis" (Warburg effect), an enigmatic phenotype displayed by most proliferating cells. We show that several proposed theories for this phenotype cannot explain the HK2 dependence and instead find that HK2 deletion severely impairs glycolytic ATP production with little impact on total ATP yield for cells in HPLM. Our results reveal a basis for conditional HK2 essentiality and suggest that demand for compartmentalized ATP synthesis underlies the Warburg effect.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huggler, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mellado Fritz, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flickinger, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGuire, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cantor, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.07.637120</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hexokinase detachment from mitochondria drives the Warburg effect to support compartmentalized ATP production]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.21.639411v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Isotropic, aberration-corrected light sheet microscopy for rapid high-resolution imaging of cleared tissue 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.21.639411v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Light sheet microscopy is the ideal technique for multiscale imaging of large and cleared tissues, and it is desirable to achieve the highest possible isotropic resolution across the entire sample. However, isotropic resolution for a centimeter-sized sample has only been achieved with slow and often aberrated, axially scanned light sheets, resulting in a low resolution of several micrometers. Here, we introduce a compact, high-speed light sheet fluorescence microscope with isotropic sub-micron resolution optimized for cleared tissue. We introduce three major opto-mechanical innovations using off-the-shelf optics to achieve an isotropic resolution of 850 nm across samples up to 1 cm3 and refractive indices ranging from 1.33 to 1.56, using mechanical tiling with a field of view of 800 {micro}m x 800 {micro}m. We show that combining an air objective and a meniscus lens achieves an axially swept light sheet with sub-micron diffraction-limited resolution and aberration correction. The effective field of view is increased 2-fold by correcting the field curvature of the light sheet with a concave mirror in the remote focusing unit. Furthermore, the imaging speed is enhanced 10-fold by adapting the light sheets motion with a closed-loop feedback, reaching 100 frames per second while maintaining isotropic resolution across the large field of view. Finally, we showcase the performance of our light sheet system for imaging from subcellular up to centimeter scale in cleared zebrafish, mouse cochlea, and mouse brain using various clearing methods.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aakhte, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mueller, G. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiss, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roos, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diniz, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wenzel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwaninger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moser, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huisken, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.21.639411</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Isotropic, aberration-corrected light sheet microscopy for rapid high-resolution imaging of cleared tissue]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.17.648362v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Crowdsourced Protein Design: Lessons From the Adaptyv EGFR Binder Competition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.17.648362v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In this report, we summarize and analyze the 2024 Adaptyv protein design competition. Participants used computational and Machine Learning (ML) methods of their choice to design proteins that bind the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), a key drug target involved in cell growth, differentiation, and cancer development.

Over 1,800 designs were submitted across two rounds. Of these, 601 proteins were selected and characterized for expression and binding affinity to EGFR, with competitors both optimizing existing binders (KD = 1.21 nM) and creating de novo binders (KD = 82 nM).

All selected designs were experimentally validated using Adaptyvs automated Bio-Layer Interferometry (BLI) pipeline. This competition illustrates the potential of crowdsourcing to drive creativity and innovation in protein design. However, it also exposed key challenges, such as the lack of standardized benchmarks, experimental design targets, and robust computational metrics for method comparison. We anticipate that future competitions will address these gaps and further motivate progress in computational protein design.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cotet, T.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krawczuk, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pacesa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nickel, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Correia, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haas, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qamar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Challacombe, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kidger, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferragu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naka, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castorina, L. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subr, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kluonis, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stam, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unal, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wood, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stocco, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferruz, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurumida, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calia, C. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paesani, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Machado, L. d. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belot, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gitter, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hallee, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adaptyv Competition Organizers,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.17.648362</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Crowdsourced Protein Design: Lessons From the Adaptyv EGFR Binder Competition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.24.650456v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human Plasma-Like Medium Promotes Maturation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.24.650456v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Maturing human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) in vitro is critical for advancing drug discovery and cardiotoxicity screening applications of these cells. However, the metabolic compositions of basal media used for hPSC-CM culture typically offer limited relevance to human cardiac physiology. Here, we examined how culture in Human Plasma-Like Medium (HPLM) versus conventional basal media affects the behavior of hPSC-CMs. Starting with Day 16 hPSC-CMs, we cultured cells for two weeks in either HPLM or RPMI-based media and then assessed maturation outcomes at Day 30. Compared to RPMI/B27 media containing either RPMI-defined (11.1 mM) or physiologic glucose levels (5 mM), HPLM/B27 markedly enhanced hPSC-CM maturity as evinced by concerted transcriptomic, structural, functional, and metabolic phenotypes. These effects included a higher extent of myosin heavy chain isoform switching (-MHC to {beta}-MHC), accelerated ventricular-specific myosin light chain isoform switching (MLC2a to MLC2v), elongated sarcomeres, increased multinucleation, enhanced calcium transient kinetics, and coordinated activation of oxidative and glycolytic metabolism. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that medium composition has substantial effects on hPSC-CM biology and also establish HPLM as a tool for driving hPSC-CM maturation in vitro.

Translational Impact StatementHPLM was designed to more closely recapitulate the metabolic composition of human plasma and thus provides a physiological platform to promote hPSC-CM maturation. By enhancing structural, functional, and metabolic maturity, HPLM-cultured hPSC-CMs better approximate cardiac physiology, positioning them as improved models for cardiovascular disease research, drug-induced cardiotoxicity screening, and personalized therapeutic testing. This medium can integrate with existing maturation strategies, accelerating the translation of basic cardiac research into clinically predictive tools for the drug development pipeline.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=189 SRC="FIGDIR/small/650456v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@a169eforg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@131e6f4org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@131d52dorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@a2b248_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhange, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simmons, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huggler, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feeney, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cantor, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skala, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palecek, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.24.650456</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human Plasma-Like Medium Promotes Maturation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.28.651096v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial and longitudinal tracking of enhancer-AAV vectors that target transgene expression to injured mouse myocardium 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.28.651096v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tissue regeneration enhancer elements (TREEs) direct expression of target genes in injured and regenerating tissues. Additionally, TREEs of zebrafish origin were shown to direct the expression of transgenes in border zone regions after cardiac injury when packaged into recombinant AAV vectors and introduced into mice. Future implementation of TREEs into AAV-based vectors as research tools and potential gene therapy modalities will require a more detailed understanding of expression dynamics and potential off-target effects. Here, we applied in vivo bioluminescent imaging to mice systemically injected with AAV vectors containing different combinations of capsids, enhancers, and timing of delivery. Longitudinal tracking of TREE-based expression over time revealed distinct amplitudes and durations of reporter gene expression in the injured heart directed by different TREEs. The liver-de-targeted AAV capsid, AAV.cc84, was able to deliver TREEs either pre- or post-cardiac injury to negate off-target expression in the liver while maintaining transduction in the heart. By screening AAV9-based capsid libraries dosed systemically in mice post-cardiac injury, we discovered a new capsid variant, AAV.IR41, with enhanced transduction at cardiac border zone regions, and with elevated transduction of TREE driven transgenes versus conventional AAV9 vectors. In vivo bioluminescence imaging offers insights into how enhancers and engineered capsids can be implemented to modulate spatiotemporal transgene expression for future targeted therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wolfson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hull, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jayaram, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devlin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cigliola, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oonk, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosales, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bursac, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asokan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poss, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.28.651096</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial and longitudinal tracking of enhancer-AAV vectors that target transgene expression to injured mouse myocardium]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.05.652267v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Top-Down Scoring of Spectral Fitness by Image Analysis for Protein Structure Validation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.05.652267v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful technique for protein structure determination, but traditional approaches require extensive manual assignment of hundreds to thousands of resonances. Here we present NMRFAM-BPHON, a novel "top-down" approach that treats experimental NMR spectra as continuous grayscale images and quantitatively scores the agreement with simulated spectra generated from candidate protein structures. This method does not require complete resonance assignments, though it can incorporate experimental chemical shifts when available to improve performance. The simulated spectra are generated from postulated resonance assignments, which can be derived either from empirical database predictions, direct interpretation, or a hybrid combination. BPHON employs a physics-based approximate polarization transfer model to predict cross-peak intensities from the internuclear distances in the decoy structure, and models the peak lineshapes using empirical, bulk T2 relaxation rates and literature values for scalar couplings. The resulting simulated spectra are scored relative to the experimental data by normalized cross correlation, yielding a fitness score between 0 and 1. We demonstrate BPHONs ability to discriminate structural models, particularly in the case of 13C-detected magic angle spinning solid-state NMR spectra. The software is packaged with a user-friendly graphical user interface for ChimeraX, enabling advanced NMR analysis accessible without requiring extensive manual analysis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Harding, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeZonia, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garg, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delaglio, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grant, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rienstra, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.05.652267</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Top-Down Scoring of Spectral Fitness by Image Analysis for Protein Structure Validation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.05.652277v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NMR Spectral Alignment Utilizing a CryoEM Motion Correction Algorithm 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.05.652277v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
With recent advances in magic-angle spinning (MAS) solid-state NMR (SSNMR) resolution, precise spectral alignment has become a critical bottleneck in data processing workflows. While solution NMR employs deuterium lock systems, most SSNMR probes still lack this capability; though a lock corrects for magnet drift and instabilities, it is not alone sufficient to account for field gradients, sample temperature differences, and pulse sequence effects that can contribute to referencing errors among several data sets. These offsets become particularly problematic in the lengthy multidimensional experiments that provide the foundation for resonance assignment and structure determination procedures. Currently, researchers rely on manual alignment through visual peak inspection--a qualitative approach that often overemphasizes prominent, outlying peaks while overlooking subtle, global patterns. This subjective process becomes increasingly impractical for use cases with lower sensitivity, such as large proteins with thousands of peaks. To address these challenges, here we present Automated NMR Spectral Alignment (ANSA), a program that adapts cryo-electron microscopy motion correction principles to NMR spectroscopy. ANSA treats NMR spectra as images and applies cross-correlation functions to determine optimal alignment, improving cross-correlation scores from 0.33 to 1.00 in controlled tests and achieving 0.96 correlation in real-world applications with previously misaligned spectra. The algorithm successfully aligns spectra across varying experimental conditions, corrects shifts in long-duration experiments, and works with 2D and 3D datasets, with approaches that can be readily extended to additional dimensions. By eliminating human bias and providing objective, consistent spectral alignment, ANSA enhances scientific rigor, improves reproducibility between experiments, and enables automation of critical data processing steps. The software is freely available as an open-source tool, ready for integration into existing NMR workflows.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hemme, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warmuth, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thome, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mueller, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rienstra, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grant, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.05.652277</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NMR Spectral Alignment Utilizing a CryoEM Motion Correction Algorithm]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.15.654216v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Epicardial Tcf21 facilitates cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation and heart regeneration in zebrafish 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.15.654216v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Unlike mammals, zebrafish (Danio rerio) are able to regenerate their hearts after injury, making them an excellent model organism for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying heart regeneration. Epicardium, the outermost layer of the heart, is an essential player in this process. Injury-induced epicardium activation, characterized by the expression of embryonic epicardial marker genes including tcf21 supports cardiac regeneration by providing various cell types and releasing paracrine signals that promote the restoration of damaged tissue. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in this process are insufficiently understood. In this study, we describe a conditional tcf21flox allele and use it to investigate the role of Tcf21 in heart regeneration. By employing 4-hydroxytamoxifen inducible CreERT2 recombinase, we eliminated tcf21 expression in adult fish. Our findings indicate that loss of this transcription factor reduces the presence of dedifferentiated cardiomyocytes in the injury area and impairs heart regeneration. This work provides new insights into the molecular basis of the epicardial response to heart injury and its role in guiding heart regeneration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Balciunas, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalvaityte-Repecke, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabrilaviciute, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kvederaviciute, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakunaite, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burg, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poss, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.15.654216</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Epicardial Tcf21 facilitates cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation and heart regeneration in zebrafish]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.26.661693v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic mapping of lifespan and mitochondrial stress response in C. elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.26.661693v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is one of the mito-nuclear regulatory circuits that restores mitochondrial function upon stress conditions, promoting metabolic health and longevity. However, the complex gene interactions that govern this pathway and its role in aging and healthspan remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we activated the UPRmt using doxycycline (Dox) in a genetically diverse C. elegans population comprising 85 strains and observed large variation in Dox-induced lifespan extension across these strains. Through multi-omic data integration, we identified an aging-related molecular signature that was partially reversed by Dox. To identify the mechanisms underlying Dox-induced lifespan extension, we applied quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping analyses and found one UPRmt modulator, fipp-1/FIP1L1, which was functionally validated in C. elegans and humans. In the human UK Biobank, FIP1L1 was associated with metabolic homeostasis, underscoring its translational relevance. Overall, our findings demonstrate a novel UPRmt modulator across species and provide insights into potential translational research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katsyuba, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Overmyer, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Legon, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plantade, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mouchiroud, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cornaglia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Houtkooper, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Auwerx, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.26.661693</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic mapping of lifespan and mitochondrial stress response in C. elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.28.664797v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SKiM-GPT: Combining Biomedical Literature-Based Discovery with Large Language Model Hypothesis Evaluation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.28.664797v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundGenerating and testing hypotheses is a critical aspect of biomedical science. Typically, researchers generate hypotheses by carefully analyzing available information and making logical connections, which are then tested. The accelerating growth of biomedical literature makes it increasingly difficult to keep pace with connections between biological entities emerging across biomedical research. Recently developed automated means of generating hypotheses can generate many more hypotheses than can be easily tested. One such approach involves literature based discovery (LBD) systems such as Serial KinderMiner (SKiM), which surfaces putative A B C links derived from term co occurrence. However, LBD systems leave three critical gaps: (i) they find statistical associations, not biological relationships; (ii) they can produce false positive leads; and (iii) they do not assess agreement with a hypothesis in question. As a result, LBD search results often require costly manual curation to be of practical utility to the researcher. Large language models (LLMs) have the potential to automate much of this curation step, but standalone LLMs are hampered by hallucinations, lack of transparency in information sources, and the inability to reference data not included in the training corpus.

ResultsWe introduce SKiM-GPT, a retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) system that combines SKiMs co-occurrence search and retrieval with frontier LLMs to evaluate user- defined hypotheses. For every chosen A-B-C SKiM hit, SKiM-GPT retrieves appropriate PubMed abstract texts, filters out irrelevant abstracts with a fine-tuned relevance model, and prompts an LLM to evaluate the users hypothesis, given the relevant abstracts. Importantly, the SKiM-GPT system is transparent and human-verifiable: it displays the retrieved abstracts, the hypothesis score, and a justification for the score grounded in the texts and written in natural language.

On a benchmark consisting of 14 disease-gene-drug hypotheses, SKiM-GPT achieves strong ordinal agreement with four expert biologists (Cohens {kappa} = 0.84), demonstrating its ability to replicate expert judgment.

ConclusionsSKiM-GPT is open-source (https://github.com/stewart-lab/skimgpt) and available through a web interface (https://skim.morgridge.org), enabling both wet-lab and computational researchers to systematically and efficiently evaluate biomedical hypotheses at scale.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Freeman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Millikin, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lock, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.28.664797</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SKiM-GPT: Combining Biomedical Literature-Based Discovery with Large Language Model Hypothesis Evaluation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/209676v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Synthesizing Signaling Pathways from Temporal Phosphoproteomic Data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/209676v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Advances in proteomics reveal that pathway databases fail to capture the majority of cellular signaling activity. Our mass spectrometry study of the dynamic epidermal growth factor (EGF) response demonstrates that over 89% of significantly (de)phosphorylated proteins are excluded from individual EGF signaling maps, and 63% are absent from all annotated pathways. We present a computational method, the Temporal Pathway Synthesizer (TPS), to discover missing pathway elements by modeling temporal phosphoproteomic data. TPS uses constraint solving to exhaustively explore all possible structures for a signaling pathway, eliminating structures that are inconsistent with protein-protein interactions or the observed phosphorylation event timing. Applied to our EGF response data, TPS connects 83% of the responding proteins to receptors and signaling proteins in EGF pathway maps. Inhibiting predicted active kinases supports the TPS pathway model. The TPS algorithm is broadly applicable and also recovers an accurate model of the yeast osmotic stress response.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Köksal, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beck, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cronin, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKenna, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camp, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srivastava, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacGilvray, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bodik, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolf-Yadlin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fraenkel, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisher, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gitter, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/209676</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Synthesizing Signaling Pathways from Temporal Phosphoproteomic Data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/215921v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Continuous high-resolution in vivo imaging reveals tumor-specific dissemination in an embryonic zebrafish xenograft model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/215921v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mechanisms mediating tumor metastasis are crucial for diagnostic and therapeutic targeting. Here, we take advantage of a transparent embryonic zebrafish xenograft model (eZXM) to visualize and track injected human leukemic and breast cancer cells in real time using selective plane illumination microscopy (SPIM) for up to 30 hours. Injected cells exhibited disease-specific patterns of intravascular distribution with leukemic cells moving faster than breast cancer cells. While breast cancer cells predominantly adhered to nearby regions, about 30% invaded the avascularized tissue, reminiscent of their metastatic phenotype. Survival of the injected tumor cells was partly inhibited by the cellular innate immune system of the recipient embryos and leukemic cell dissemination was effectively inhibited by pharmacological ROCK1 blockade. These observations, and the ability to image several embryos simultaneously, support the use of eZXM and SPIM imaging as a functional screening platform to identify compounds that restricts cancer cell spread and invasion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Asokan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daetwyler, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernas, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmied, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Volger, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lambert, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wobus, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wermke, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kempermann, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huisken, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brand, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bornhaeuser, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/215921</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Continuous high-resolution in vivo imaging reveals tumor-specific dissemination in an embryonic zebrafish xenograft model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/230649v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Continuous addition of progenitors forms the cardiac ventricle in zebrafish 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/230649v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The vertebrate heart develops from several progenitor lineages. After early-differentiating first heart field (FHF) progenitors form the linear heart tube, late-differentiating second heart field (SHF) progenitors extend atrium, ventricle, and form the inflow and outflow tracts (IFT/OFT). However, the position and migration of late-differentiating progenitors during heart formation remains unclear. Here, we tracked zebrafish heart development using transgenics based on the cardiopharyngeal transcription factor gene tbx1. Live-imaging uncovered a tbx1 reporter-expressing cell sheath that from anterior lateral plate mesoderm continuously disseminates towards the forming heart tube. High-speed imaging and optogenetic lineage tracing corroborated that the zebrafish ventricle forms through continuous addition from the undifferentiated progenitor sheath followed by late-phase accrual of the bulbus arteriosus (BA). FGF inhibition during sheath migration reduced ventricle size and abolished BA formation, refining the window of FGF action during OFT formation. Our findings consolidate previous end-point analyses and establish zebrafish ventricle formation as a continuous process.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Felker, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prummel, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merks, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mickoleit, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brombacher, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huisken, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panakova, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mosimann, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/230649</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Continuous addition of progenitors forms the cardiac ventricle in zebrafish]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/261115v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A conserved regulatory program drives emergence of the lateral plate mesoderm 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/261115v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cardiovascular lineages develop together with kidney, smooth muscle, and limb connective tissue progenitors from the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM). How the LPM initially emerges and how its downstream fates are molecularly interconnected remain unknown. Here, we isolated a pan-LPM enhancer in the zebrafish draculin (drl) gene that provides specific LPM reporter activity from early gastrulation. In toto live imaging and lineage tracing of drl-based reporters captured the dynamic LPM emergence as lineage-restricted mesendoderm field. The drl pan-LPM enhancer responds to the transcription factors EomesoderminA, FoxH1, and MixL1 that combined with Smad activity drive LPM emergence. We uncovered specific drl reporter activity in LPM-corresponding territories of several chordates including chicken, axolotl, lamprey, Ciona, and amphioxus, revealing a universal upstream LPM program. Altogether, our work provides a mechanistic framework for LPM emergence as defined progenitor field, possibly representing an ancient mesodermal cell state that predates the primordial vertebrate embryo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hess, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prummel, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nieuwenhuize, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parker, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogers, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kozmikova, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Racioppi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burger, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brombacher, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burger, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Felker, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiavacci, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huisken, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kozmik, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christiaen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mueller, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bronner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krumlauf, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mosimann, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/261115</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A conserved regulatory program drives emergence of the lateral plate mesoderm]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/304543v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neuromesodermal Progenitors are a Conserved Source of Spinal Cord with Divergent Growth Dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/304543v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During gastrulation, embryonic cells become specified into distinct germ layers. In mouse, this continues throughout somitogenesis from a population of bipotent stem cells called neuromesodermal progenitors (NMps). However, the degree self-renewal is associated with NMps in the fast-developing zebrafish embryo is unclear. With a genetic clone tracing method, we labelled early embryonic progenitors and find a strong clonal similarity between spinal cord and mesoderm tissues. We then followed individual cell lineages by light-sheet imaging and reveal a common neuromesodermal lineage contribution to a subset of spinal cord tissue across the anterior-posterior body axis. An initial population subdivides at mid gastrula stages and is directly allocated to neural and mesodermal compartments during gastrulation. A second population in the tailbud undergoes delayed allocation to contribute to the neural and mesodermal compartment only at late somitogenesis. We suggest that NMps undergo vastly different rates of differentiation and growth in a species-specific manner.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Attardi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fulton, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Florescu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muresan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huisken, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Oudenaarden, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steventon, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/304543</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neuromesodermal Progenitors are a Conserved Source of Spinal Cord with Divergent Growth Dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/337956v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Practical model selection for prospective virtual screening 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/337956v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Virtual (computational) high-throughput screening provides a strategy for prioritizing compounds for experimental screens, but the choice of virtual screening algorithm depends on the dataset and evaluation strategy. We consider a wide range of ligand-based machine learning and docking-based approaches for virtual screening on two protein-protein interactions, PriA-SSB and RMI-FANCM, and present a strategy for choosing which algorithm is best for prospective compound prioritization. Our workflow identifies a random forest as the best algorithm for these targets over more sophisticated neural network-based models. The top 250 predictions from our selected random forest recover 37 of the 54 active compounds from a library of 22,434 new molecules assayed on PriA-SSB. We show that virtual screening methods that perform well in public datasets and synthetic benchmarks, like multi-task neural networks, may not always translate to prospective screening performance on a specific assay of interest.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alnammi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ericksen, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voter, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keck, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffmann, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wildman, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gitter, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/337956</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Practical model selection for prospective virtual screening]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/416206v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Endothelial cells form transient Notch-dependent NO-containing cystic structures during zebrafish cerebrovascular development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/416206v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Endothelial cell behaviour during blood vessel formation is highly complex and dynamic. Transgenic zebrafish have provided many new insights into these processes, due to their ability to provide detailed in vivo imaging.nnWe here report a previously undescribed endothelial cell behaviour during zebrafish embryonic development. Endothelial cells of the cerebral vessels of 3-5d post fertilisation embryos extruded large membranous spherical structures. These were only found on the cerebral vessels, and did not detach from the parent vessel, instead regressing back into the endothelial cell. These structures did not communicate with the vessel lumen, exhibited periodic oscillations in size and shape, and were enriched with filamentous actin at their neck. Due to their unknown nature and spherical appearance we termed these structures kugeln (German for sphere).nnPharmacological inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signalling significantly increased kugel number while Notch inhibition significantly reduced both kugel number and diameter. Kugeln contain little cytoplasm, but are highly positive for nitric oxide (NO) reactivity, suggesting they represent a novel NO containing organelle specific to the cerebral vessels.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chico, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kugler, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chhabria, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daetwyler, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huisken, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plant, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savage, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilkinson, R. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armitage, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/416206</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Endothelial cells form transient Notch-dependent NO-containing cystic structures during zebrafish cerebrovascular development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/426247v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pptc7 is an essential phosphatase for promoting mammalian mitochondrial metabolism and biogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/426247v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitochondrial proteins are replete with phosphorylation; however, the origin, abundance, and functional relevance of these modifications are largely unclear. Nonetheless, mitochondria possess multiple resident phosphatases, suggesting that protein dephosphorylation may be broadly important for mitochondrial activities. To explore this, we deleted the poorly characterized matrix phosphatase Pptc7 from mice using CRISPR-Cas9 technology. Strikingly, Pptc7-/- mice exhibited marked hypoketotic hypoglycemia, elevated acylcarnitines, and lactic acidosis, and died soon after birth. Pptc7-/- tissues had significantly diminished mitochondrial size and protein content despite normal transcript levels, but consistently elevated phosphorylation on select mitochondrial proteins. These putative Pptc7 substrates include the protein translocase complex subunit Timm50, whose phosphorylation reduced import activity. We further find that phosphorylation in or near the mitochondrial targeting sequences of multiple proteins can disrupt their import rates and matrix processing. Overall, our data define Pptc7 as a protein phosphatase essential for proper mitochondrial function and biogenesis during the extrauterine transition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Niemi, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Overmyer, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vogtle, F.- N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lohman, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schueler, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Attie, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meisinger, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coon, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pagliarini, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/426247</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pptc7 is an essential phosphatase for promoting mammalian mitochondrial metabolism and biogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/426999v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A novel rotifer-derived alkaloid paralyzes schistosome larvae and prevents infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/426999v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Schistosomes are parasitic flatworms that infect over 200 million people, causing the neglected tropical disease, schistosomiasis. A single drug, praziquantel, is used to treat schistosome infection. Limitations in mass drug administration programs and the emergence of schistosomiasis in non-tropical areas indicate the need for new strategies to prevent infection. It has been known for several decades that rotifers colonizing the schistosomes snail intermediate host produce a water-soluble factor that paralyzes cercariae, the life-cycle stage infecting humans. In spite of its potential for preventing infection, the nature of this factor has remained obscure. Here, we report the purification and chemical characterization of Schistosome Paralysis Factor (SPF), a novel tetracyclic alkaloid produced by the rotifer Rotaria rotatoria. We show that this compound paralyzes schistosome cercariae and prevents infection, and does so more effectively than analogous compounds. This molecule provides new directions for understanding cercariae motility and new strategies for preventing schistosome infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yau, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collins, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sweedler, J. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newmark, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/426999</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A novel rotifer-derived alkaloid paralyzes schistosome larvae and prevents infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/472530v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantifying dynamic protein acetylation using quantitative stoichiometry 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/472530v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein acetylation is a widespread post-translational modification implicated in many cellular processes. Recent advances in mass spectrometry have enabled the cataloging of thousands of sites throughout the cell, however identifying regulatory acetylation marks have proven to be a daunting task. Knowledge of the kinetics and stoichiometry of site-specific acetylation are important factors to uncover function. Here, an improved method of quantifying acetylation stoichiometry was developed and validated, providing a detailed landscape of dynamic acetylation stoichiometry within cellular compartments. The dynamic nature of site-specific acetylation in response to serum stimulation was revealed. In two distinct human cell lines, growth factor stimulation led to site-specific, temporal acetylation changes, revealing diverse kinetic profiles that clustered into several groups. Overlap of dynamic acetylation sites among two different human cell lines suggested similar regulatory control points across major cellular pathways that include splicing, translation, and protein homeostasis. Rapid increases in acetylation on protein translational machinery suggest a positive regulatory role under pro-growth conditions. Lastly, higher median stoichiometry was observed in cellular compartments where active acetyltransferases are well-described.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Baeza, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawton, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smallegan, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leinert, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gandhi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernhardt, O. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reiter, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Denu, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/472530</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantifying dynamic protein acetylation using quantitative stoichiometry]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/478149v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-sample SPIM image acquisition, processing and analysis of vascular growth in zebrafish 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/478149v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To quantitatively understand biological processes that occur over many hours or days, it is desirable to image multiple samples simultaneously and automatically process and analyze the resulting datasets. Here, we present a complete multi-sample preparation, imaging, processing, and analysis workflow to determine the development of the vascular volume in zebrafish. Up to five live embryos were mounted and imaged simultaneously over several days using selective plane illumination microscopy (SPIM). The resulting large imagery dataset of several terabytes was processed in an automated manner on a high-performance computer cluster and segmented with a novel segmentation approach that uses images of red blood cells as training data. This analysis yielded a precise quantification of growth characteristics of the whole vascular network, head vasculature, and tail vasculature over development. Our multi-sample platform demonstrates effective upgrades to conventional single-sample imaging platforms and paves the way for diverse quantitative long-term imaging studies.nnSummary statementWe present a dedicated multi-sample light sheet imaging, processing and analysis platform and demonstrate its value for studies of vascular growth in zebrafish.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Daetwyler, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Günther, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Modes, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harrington, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huisken, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/478149</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-sample SPIM image acquisition, processing and analysis of vascular growth in zebrafish]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/495234v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Region-specific regulation of stem cell-driven regeneration in tapeworms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/495234v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tapeworms grow at rates rivaling the fastest-growing metazoan tissues. To propagate they shed large parts of their body; to replace these lost tissues they regenerate proglottids (segments) as part of normal homeostasis. Their remarkable growth and regeneration are fueled by adult somatic stem cells that have yet to be characterized molecularly. Using the rat intestinal tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta, we find that regenerative potential is regionally limited to the neck, where head-dependent extrinsic signals create a permissive microenvironment for stem cell-driven regeneration. Using transcriptomic analyses and RNA interference, we characterize and functionally validate regulators of tapeworm growth and regeneration. We find no evidence that stem cells are restricted to the regeneration-competent neck. Instead, lethally irradiated tapeworms can be rescued when cells from either regeneration-competent or regeneration-incompetent regions are transplanted into the neck. Together, the head and neck tissues provide extrinsic cues that regulate stem cells, enabling region-specific regeneration in this parasite.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rozario, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quinn, E. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newmark, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/495234</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Region-specific regulation of stem cell-driven regeneration in tapeworms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/532762v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Predicting kinase inhibitors using bioactivity matrix derived informer sets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/532762v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Prediction of compounds that are active against a desired biological target is a common step in drug discovery efforts. Virtual screening methods seek some active-enriched fraction of a library for experimental testing. Where data are too scarce to train supervised learning models for compound prioritization, initial screening must provide the necessary data. Commonly, such an initial library is selected on the basis of chemical diversity by some pseudo-random process (for example, the first few plates of a larger library) or by selecting an entire smaller library. These approaches may not produce a sufficient number or diversity of actives. An alternative approach is to select an informer set of screening compounds on the basis of chemogenomic information from previous testing of compounds against a large number of targets.

We compare different ways of using chemogenomic data to choose a small informer set of compounds based on previously measured bioactivity data. We develop this Informer-Based-Ranking (IBR) approach using the Published Kinase Inhibitor Sets (PKIS) as the chemogenomic data to select the informer sets. We test the informer compounds on a target that is not part of the chemogenomic data, then predict the activity of the remaining compounds based on the experimental informer data and the chemogenomic data. Through new chemical screening experiments, we demonstrate the utility of IBR strategies in a prospective test on two kinase targets not included in the PKIS. Using limited training data in both retrospective and prospective tests, bioactivity fingerprints based on chemogenomic data outperform chemical fingerprints in predicting active compounds in both standard virtual screening metrics and accurate identification of hits from novel chemical classes.

Author SummaryIn the early stages of drug discovery efforts, computational models are used to predict activity and prioritize compounds for experimental testing. New targets commonly lack the data necessary to build effective models, and the screening needed to generate that experimental data can be costly. We seek to improve the efficiency of the initial screening phase, and of the process of prioritizing compounds for subsequent screening.

We choose a small informer set of compounds based on publicly available prior screening data on distinct (though related) targets. We then use experimental data on these informer compounds to predict the activity of other compounds in the set against the target of interest. Computational and statistical tools are needed to identify informer compounds and to prioritize other compounds for subsequent phases of screening. Using limited training data, we find that selection of informer compounds on the basis of bioactivity data from previous screening efforts is superior to the traditional approach of selection of a chemically diverse subset of compounds. We demonstrate the success of this approach in retrospective tests on the Published Kinase Inhibitor Sets (PKIS) chemogenomic data and in prospective experimental screens against two additional non-human kinase targets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ericksen, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.-p.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ananiev, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wlodarchak, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchell, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gitter, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wright, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffmann, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wildman, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newton, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/532762</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Predicting kinase inhibitors using bioactivity matrix derived informer sets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/534834v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Network Inference with Granger Causality Ensembles on Single-Cell Transcriptomic Data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/534834v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Advances in single-cell transcriptomics enable measuring the gene expression of individual cells, allowing cells to be ordered by their state in a dynamic biological process. Many algorithms assign  pseudotimes to each cell, representing the progress along the biological process. Ordering the expression data according to such pseudotimes can be valuable for understanding the underlying regulator-gene interactions in a biological process, such as differentiation. However, the distribution of cells sampled along a transitional process, and hence that of the pseudotimes assigned to them, is not uniform. This prevents using many standard mathematical methods for analyzing the ordered gene expression states. We present Single-cell Inference of Networks using Granger Ensembles (SINGE), an algorithm for gene regulatory network inference from single-cell gene expression data. Given ordered single-cell data, SINGE uses kernel-based Granger Causality regression, which smooths the irregular pseudotimes and missing expression values. It then aggregates the predictions from an ensemble of regression analyses with a modified Borda count to compile a ranked list of candidate interactions between transcriptional regulators and their target genes. In two mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation case studies, SINGE outperforms other contemporary algorithms for gene network reconstruction. However, a more detailed examination reveals caveats about transcriptional network reconstruction with single-cell RNA-seq data. Network inference methods, including SINGE, may have near random performance for predicting the targets of many individual regulators even if the overall performance is good. In addition, including uninformative pseudotime values can hurt the performance of network reconstruction methods. A MATLAB implementation of SINGE is available at https://github.com/gitter-lab/SINGE.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Deshpande, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, L.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gitter, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/534834</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Network Inference with Granger Causality Ensembles on Single-Cell Transcriptomic Data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/536813v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Label-free Method for Classification of T cell Activation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/536813v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
T cells have a range of cytotoxic and immune-modulating functions, depending on activation state and subtype. However, current methods to assess T cell function use exogenous labels that often require cell permeabilization, which is limiting for time-course studies of T cell activation and non-destructive quality control of immunotherapies. Label-free optical imaging is an attractive solution. Here, we use autofluorescence imaging of NAD(P)H and FAD, co-enzymes of metabolism, to quantify optical imaging endpoints in quiescent and activated T cells. Machine learning classification models were developed for label-free, non-destructive determination of T cell activation state. T cells were isolated from the peripheral blood of human donors, and a subset were activated with a tetrameric antibody against CD2/CD3/CD28 surface ligands. NAD(P)H and FAD autofluorescence intensity and lifetime of the T cells were imaged using a multiphoton fluorescence lifetime microscope. Significant differences in autofluorescence imaging end-points were observed between quiescent and activated T cells. Feature selection methods revealed that the contribution of the short NAD(P)H lifetime (1) is the most important feature for classification of activation state, across multiple donors and T cell subsets. Logistic regression models achieved 97-99% accuracy for classification of T cell activation from the autofluorescence imaging endpoints. Additionally, autofluorescence imaging revealed NAD(P)H and FAD autofluorescence differences between CD3+CD8+ and CD3+CD4+ T cells, and random forest models of the autofluorescence imaging endpoints achieved 97+% accuracy for four-group classification of quiescent and activated CD3+CD8+ and CD3+CD4+ T cells. Altogether these results indicate that autofluorescence imaging of NAD(P)H and FAD is a powerful method for label-free, non-destructive determination of T cell activation and subtype, which could have important applications for the treatment of cancer, autoimmune, infectious, and other diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Walsh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mueller, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walsh, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piscopo, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niemi, N. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pagliarini, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saha, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skala, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/536813</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Label-free Method for Classification of T cell Activation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/542167v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Optical Metabolic Imaging of Heterogeneous Drug Response in Pancreatic Cancer Patient Organoids 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/542167v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
New tools are needed to match pancreatic cancer patients with effective treatments. Patient-derived organoids offer a high-throughput platform to personalize treatments and discover novel therapies. Currently, methods to evaluate drug response in organoids are limited because they cannot be completed in a clinically relevant time frame, only evaluate response at one time point, and most importantly, overlook cellular heterogeneity. In this study, non-invasive optical metabolic imaging (OMI) of cellular heterogeneity in organoids was evaluated as a predictor of clinical treatment response. Organoids were generated from fresh patient tissue samples acquired during surgery and treated with the same drugs as the patient's prescribed adjuvant treatment. OMI measurements of heterogeneity in response to this treatment were compared to later patient response, specifically to the time to recurrence following surgery. OMI was sensitive to patient-specific treatment response in as little as 24 hours. OMI distinguished subpopulations of cells with divergent and dynamic responses to treatment in living organoids without the use of labels or dyes. OMI of organoids agreed with long-term therapeutic response in patients. With these capabilities, OMI could serve as a sensitive high-throughput tool to identify optimal therapies for individual pancreatic cancer patients, and to develop new effective therapies that address cellular heterogeneity in pancreatic cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sharick, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walsh, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sprackling, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pasch, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parikh, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matkowskyj, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deming, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skala, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/542167</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Optical Metabolic Imaging of Heterogeneous Drug Response in Pancreatic Cancer Patient Organoids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/634097v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hierarchical cell type classification using mass, heterogeneous RNA-seq data from human primary cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/634097v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell type annotation is a fundamental task in the analysis of single-cell RNA-sequencing data. In this work, we present CellO, a machine learning-based tool for annotating human RNA-seq data with the Cell Ontology. CellO enables accurate and standardized cell type classification by considering the rich hierarchical structure of known cell types, a source of prior knowledge that is not utilized by existing methods. Furthemore, CellO comes pre-trained on a novel, comprehensive dataset of human, healthy, untreated primary samples in the Sequence Read Archive, which to the best of our knowledge, is the most diverse curated collection of primary cell data to date. CellOs comprehensive training set enables it to run out-of-the-box on diverse cell types and achieves superior or competitive performance when compared to existing state-of-the-art methods. Lastly, CellOs linear models are easily interpreted, thereby enabling exploration of cell type-specific expression signatures across the ontology. To this end, we also present the CellO Viewer: a web application for exploring CellOs models across the ontology.

HighlightO_LIWe present CellO, a tool for hierarchically classifying cell type from single-cell RNA-seq data against the graph-structured Cell Ontology
C_LIO_LICellO is pre-trained on a comprehensive dataset comprising nearly all bulk RNA-seq primary cell samples in the Sequence Read Archive
C_LIO_LICellO achieves superior or comparable performance with existing methods while featuring a more comprehensive pre-packaged training set
C_LIO_LICellO is built with easily interpretable models which we expose through a novel web application, the CellO Viewer, for exploring cell type-specific signatures across the Cell Ontology
C_LI

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=199 SRC="FIGDIR/small/634097v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (47K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@208aeeorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@814bd8org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@9a7c39org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@5195fb_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bernstein, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dewey, C. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/634097</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hierarchical cell type classification using mass, heterogeneous RNA-seq data from human primary cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/722967v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In vivo lineage conversion of vertebrate muscle into early endoderm-like cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/722967v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The extent to which differentiated cells, while remaining in their native microenvironment, can be reprogrammed to assume a different identity will reveal fundamental insight into cellular plasticity and impact regenerative medicine. To investigate in vivo cell lineage potential, we leveraged the zebrafish as a practical vertebrate platform to determine factors and mechanisms necessary to induce differentiated cells of one germ layer to adopt the lineage of another. We discovered that ectopic co-expression of Sox32 and Oct4 in several non-endoderm lineages, including skeletal muscle, can specifically trigger an early endoderm genetic program in a cell-autonomous manner. Gene expression, live imaging, and functional studies reveal that the endoderm-induced muscle cells lose muscle gene expression and morphology, while specifically gaining endoderm organogenesis markers, such as the pancreatic specification genes, hhex and ptf1a, via a mechanism resembling normal development. Endoderm induction by a pluripotent defective form of Oct4, endoderm markers appearing prior to loss of muscle cell morphology, a lack of dependence on cell division, and a lack of mesoderm, ectoderm, dedifferentiation, and pluripotency gene activation, together, suggests that reprogramming is endoderm specific and occurs via direct lineage conversion. Our work demonstrates that within a vertebrate animal, stably differentiated cells can be induced to directly adopt the identity of a completely unrelated cell lineage, while remaining in a distinct microenvironment, suggesting that differentiated cells in vivo may be more amenable to lineage conversion than previously appreciated. This discovery of possibly unlimited lineage potential of differentiated cells in vivo challenges our understanding of cell lineage restriction and may pave the way towards a vast new in vivo supply of replacement cells for degenerative diseases such as diabetes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Campbell, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lancman, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Espin-Palazon, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matalonga, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graves, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, X.-X. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huisken, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Traver, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, P. D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/722967</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In vivo lineage conversion of vertebrate muscle into early endoderm-like cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/737346v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Classifying T cell activity in autofluorescence intensity images with convolutional neural networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/737346v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The importance of T cells in immunotherapy has motivated developing technologies to better characterize T cells and improve therapeutic efficacy. One specific objective is assessing antigen-induced T cell activation because only functionally active T cells are capable of killing the desired targets. Autofluorescence imaging can distinguish T cell activity states of individual cells in a non-destructive manner by detecting endogenous changes in metabolic co-enzymes such as NAD(P)H. However, recognizing robust patterns of T cell activity is computationally challenging in the absence of exogenous labels or information-rich autofluorescence lifetime measurements. We demonstrate that advanced machine learning can accurately classify T cell activity from NAD(P)H intensity images and that those image-based signatures transfer across human donors. Using a dataset of 8,260 cropped single-cell images from six donors, we meticulously evaluate multiple machine learning models. These range from traditional models that represent images using summary statistics or extract image features with CellProfiler to deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) pre-trained on general non-biological images. Adapting pre-trained CNNs for the T cell activity classification task provides substantially better performance than traditional models or a simple CNN trained with the autofluorescence images alone. Visualizing the images with dimension reduction provides intuition into why the CNNs achieve higher accuracy than other approaches. However, we observe that fine-tuning all layers of the pre-trained CNN does not provide a classification performance boost commensurate with the additional computational cost. Our software detailing our image processing and model training pipeline is available as Jupyter notebooks at https://github.com/gitter-lab/t-cell-classification.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walsh, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skala, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gitter, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/737346</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Classifying T cell activity in autofluorescence intensity images with convolutional neural networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/740845v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human plasma-like medium improves T lymphocyte activation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/740845v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
T lymphocytes are critical for effective immunity and the ability to study their behavior in synthetic media in vitro facilitates major discoveries in their development, function, and fate. However, the composition of human plasma differs from synthetic media and we hypothesized that these differences could have important effects on cell physiology. We therefore compared T lymphocyte activation in human plasma-like medium (HPLM) to RPMI supplemented with dialyzed FBS (RPMIdFBS) and found that it entrained markedly different transcriptional responses. We also found that the concentration of calcium in RPMIdFBS is six-fold lower than HPLM causing altered T cell activation which could be reversed by calcium addition. Thus, investigators should be cognizant of differences between commonly used media formulations and HPLM which is based on the in vivo plasma environment as these could profoundly affect their experimental results. Physiologic media may be a valuable new way to study immune cells in culture.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Leney-Greene, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boddapati, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cantor, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lenardo, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/740845</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human plasma-like medium improves T lymphocyte activation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/754713v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell atlas of the first intra-mammalian developmental stage of the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/754713v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Over 250 million people suffer from schistosomiasis, a tropical disease caused by parasitic flatworms known as schistosomes. Humans become infected by free-swimming, water-borne larvae, which penetrate the skin. The earliest intra-mammalian stage, called the schistosomulum, undergoes a series of developmental transitions. These changes are critical for the parasite to adapt to its new environment as it navigates through host tissues to reach its niche, where it will grow to reproductive maturity. Unravelling the mechanisms that drive intra-mammalian development requires knowledge of the spatial organisation and transcriptional dynamics of different cell types that comprise the schistomulum body. To fill these important knowledge gaps, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on two-day old schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni. We identified likely gene expression profiles for muscle, nervous system, tegument, parenchymal/primordial gut cells, and stem cells. In addition, we validated cell markers for all these clusters by in situ hybridisation in schistosomula and adult parasites. Taken together, this study provides a comprehensive cell-type atlas for the early intra-mammalian stage of this devastating metazoan parasite.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Diaz Soria, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chong, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coghlan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tracey, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrews, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rawlinson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doyle, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leonard, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rinaldi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newmark, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berriman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/754713</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell atlas of the first intra-mammalian developmental stage of the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/756924v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell-type diversity and regionalized gene expression in the planarian intestine revealed by laser-capture microdissection transcriptome profiling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/756924v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Organ regeneration requires precise coordination of new cell differentiation and remodeling of uninjured tissue to faithfully re-establish organ morphology and function. An atlas of gene expression and cell types in the uninjured state is therefore an essential pre-requisite for understanding how damage is repaired. Here, we use laser-capture microdissection (LCM) and RNA-Seq to define the transcriptome of the intestine of Schmidtea mediterranea, a planarian flatworm with exceptional regenerative capacity. Bioinformatic analysis of 1,844 intestine-enriched transcripts suggests extensive conservation of digestive physiology with other animals, including humans. Comparison of the intestinal transcriptome to purified absorptive intestinal cell (phagocyte) and published single-cell expression profiles confirms the identities of known intestinal cell types, and also identifies hundreds of additional transcripts with previously undetected intestinal enrichment. Furthermore, by assessing the expression patterns of 143 transcripts in situ, we discover unappreciated mediolateral regionalization of gene expression and cell-type diversity, especially among goblet cells. Demonstrating the utility of the intestinal transcriptome, we identify 22 intestine-enriched transcription factors, and find that several have distinct functional roles in the regeneration and maintenance of goblet cells. Furthermore, depletion of goblet cells inhibits planarian feeding and reduces viability. Altogether, our results show that LCM is a viable approach for assessing tissue-specific gene expression in planarians, and provide a new resource for further investigation of digestive tract regeneration, the physiological roles of intestinal cell types, and axial polarity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Forsthoefel, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cejda, N. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khan, U. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newmark, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/756924</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell-type diversity and regionalized gene expression in the planarian intestine revealed by laser-capture microdissection transcriptome profiling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/764191v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tradeoff between more cells and higher read depth for single-cell RNA-seq spatial ordering analysis of the liver lobule 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/764191v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
As newer single-cell protocols generate increasingly more cells at reduced sequencing depths, the value of a higher read depth may be overlooked. Using data from three different single-cell RNA-seq protocols that lend themselves to having either higher read depth (Smart-seq) or many cells (MARS-seq and 10X), we evaluate their ability to recapitulate biological signals in the context of pseudo-spatial reconstruction. Overall, we find gene expression profiles after spatial-reconstruction analysis are highly reproducible between datasets despite being generated by different protocols and using different computational algorithms. While UMI based protocols such as 10X and MARS-seq allow for capturing more cells, Smart-seqs higher sensitivity and read-depth allows for analysis of lower expressed genes and isoforms. Additionally, we evaluate trade-offs for each protocol by performing subsampling analyses, and find that optimizing the balance between sequencing depth and number of cells within a protocol is important for efficient use of resources. Our analysis emphasizes the importance of selecting a protocol based on the biological questions and features of interest.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Seirup, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, L.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sengupta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leng, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shafer, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duffin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elwell, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolin, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swanson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kendziorski, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomson, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bacher, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/764191</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tradeoff between more cells and higher read depth for single-cell RNA-seq spatial ordering analysis of the liver lobule]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/796466v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Insights from a survey-based analysis of the academic job market 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/796466v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Applying for a faculty position is a critical phase of many postdoctoral careers, but most postdoctoral researchers in STEM fields enter the academic job market with little knowledge of the process and expectations. A lack of data has made it difficult for applicants to assess their qualifications relative to the general applicant pool and for institutions to develop effective hiring policies. We analyzed responses to a survey of faculty job applicants between May 2018 and May 2019. We establish various background scholarly metrics for a typical faculty applicant and present an analysis of the interplay between those metrics and hiring outcomes. Traditional benchmarks of a positive research track record above a certain threshold of qualifications were unable to completely differentiate applicants with and without offers. Our findings suggest that there is no single clear path to a faculty job offer and that metrics such as career transition awards and publications in high impact factor journals were neither necessary nor sufficient for landing a faculty position. The applicants perceived the process as unnecessarily stressful, time-consuming, and largely lacking in feedback, irrespective of a successful outcome. Our findings emphasize the need to improve the transparency of the faculty job application process. In addition, we hope these and future data will help empower trainees to enter the academic job market with clearer expectations and improved confidence.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fernandes, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarabipour, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niemi, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jadavji, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kozik, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holehouse, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pejaver, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Symmons, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bisson Filho, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haage, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/796466</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Insights from a survey-based analysis of the academic job market]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/845834v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Automating parameter selection to avoid implausible biological pathway models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/845834v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A common way to integrate and analyze large amounts of biological "omic" data is through pathway reconstruction: using condition-specific omic data to create a subnetwork of a generic background network that represents some process or cellular state. A challenge in pathway reconstruction is that adjusting pathway reconstruction algorithms parameters produces pathways with drastically different topological properties and biological interpretations. Due to the exploratory nature of pathway reconstruction, there is no ground truth for direct evaluation, so parameter tuning methods typically used in statistics and machine learning are inapplicable. We developed the pathway parameter advising algorithm to tune pathway reconstruction algorithms to minimize biologically implausible predictions. We leverage background knowledge in pathway databases to select pathways whose high-level structure resembles that of manually curated biological pathways. At the core of this method is a graphlet decomposition metric, which measures topological similarity to curated biological pathways. In order to evaluate pathway parameter advising, we compare its performance in avoiding implausible networks and reconstructing pathways from the NetPath database with other parameter selection methods across four pathway reconstruction algorithms. We also demonstrate how pathway parameter advising can guide construction of an influenza host factor network. Pathway parameter advising is method-agnostic; it is applicable to any pathway reconstruction algorithm with tunable parameters. Our pathway parameter advising software is available on GitHub at https://github.com/gitter-lab/pathway-parameter-advising and PyPI at https://pypi.org/project/pathwayParameterAdvising/.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Magnano, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gitter, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/845834</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Automating parameter selection to avoid implausible biological pathway models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.08.674005v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Atovaquone-induced therapeutic rewiring of melanoma metabolism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.08.674005v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Melanoma continues to be the deadliest form of skin cancer, emphasizing the need for new therapeutic strategies. Targeting tumor metabolism, particularly oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) has emerged as a promising approach due its role in melanoma tumor survival, metastasis, and treatment resistance. In this study, we investigate the metabolic and antitumor effects of atovaquone, an FDA-approved and safe OXPHOS inhibitor that has not been previously tested in melanoma. We show that atovaquone rapidly and effectively inhibits OXPHOS and impairs glycolysis in melanoma, leading to metabolic reprogramming observed via metabolic imaging and marked depletion in energy (ATP) stores. Atovaquone also induces oxidative stress, evidenced by increased reactive oxygen species levels, DNA damage, and upregulation of antioxidant proteins. Moreover, atovaquone reduced melanoma cell viability and migration in vitro, and slowed tumor growth in vivo. Notably, these effects were observed in both BRAF-wild-type and mutant melanoma models, suggesting its potential as an effective treatment across different subtypes. Our study identifies atovaquone as a metabolic disruptor with antitumor activity against melanoma, supporting further investigation as a repurposed therapeutic strategy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ponce, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heaton, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burkard, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Amato, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boonpattrawong, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skala, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patankar, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barroilhet, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.08.674005</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Atovaquone-induced therapeutic rewiring of melanoma metabolism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.23.676912v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Non-invasive longitudinal imaging reveals aging-associated changes in neuroimmune cells in adult zebrafish 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.23.676912v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Zebrafish are a powerful model for imaging studies of development and neurobiology. However, most studies have focused on developing zebrafish due to technical and biological challenges of imaging adult stages. These include increased tissue opacity and illumination depth limitations, and difficulty maintaining life support and anesthesia in a 2-4cm long fish. There are currently limited tools for intravital imaging of the adult zebrafish brain. The ability to image the brain in the same individual repeatedly without physical damage would allow zebrafish to be better utilized to study aging and neurodegenerative disease. We designed and applied a 3D-printable device for non-invasive, repeatable multiphoton neural imaging of genetically non-pigmented adult zebrafish from 2 months to 19 months old. Animals successfully recovered after multi-hour imaging sessions and can be imaged repeatedly over periods of weeks to years. We show the utility of this approach through imaging the neuroimmune system, revealing that microglia in aged zebrafish have enhanced cellular dynamics. This technique could be widely used and beneficial for other cell-scale neuroimaging studies in the adult fish.

Summary StatementAn open-source, 3D printable device that enables non-invasive neuroimaging in adult zebrafish reveals aging-associated changes in neuroimmune cell behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Haynes, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinhauser, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swader, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petry, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ulland, T. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eliceiri, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.23.676912</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Non-invasive longitudinal imaging reveals aging-associated changes in neuroimmune cells in adult zebrafish]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.30.679625v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
FLIM Playground: An interactive, end-to-end graphical user interface for analyzing single-cell fluorescence lifetime data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.30.679625v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is a cellular-resolution molecular imaging technique. Yet, the journey from raw photon decays to biological insight remains fragmented by multi-step data extraction and siloed analyses. This work presents FLIM Playground, the first interactive graphical platform that unifies single-cell FLIM workflows, embeds user checks at each stage, and offers diverse user options. Built in Python and available open-source, FLIM Playground runs on major operating systems as a ready-to-run application and is web deployable. Its Data Extraction section collects and checks field-of-view metadata, calibrates via instrument response function shift or fluorescence lifetime standard, and extracts single-cell fluorescence lifetime features, along with morphology and texture features across channels. Multiple datasets can be merged through an interface that assigns categorical labels. The Data Analysis section provides real-time visual analytic modules for outputs from Data Extraction or user-provided datasets. Lifetime extraction by fitting and phasor were validated by comparison with a commercial software and published results, respectively, and both sections were demonstrated on a FLIM dataset of cancer cell lines to obtain biological insights. By adopting best practices and offering interactivity, FLIM Playground accelerates hypothesis-driven discovery and promotes reproducibility, and its modular design can incorporate new imaging modalities, extraction methods, and analysis modules.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samimi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skala, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Datta, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.30.679625</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[FLIM Playground: An interactive, end-to-end graphical user interface for analyzing single-cell fluorescence lifetime data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.30.679660v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Segmentation-guided photon pooling enables robust single cell analysis and fast fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.30.679660v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) can probe the metabolic environment of living cells in a label-free and non-invasive manner. However, endogenous fluorophores have low absorption and quantum yields, which necessitates long integration times to acquire the high photon counts needed for accurate pixel-wise multi-exponential decay fitting. Here, we present a  region-of-interest photon pooling technique to expedite label-free, single cell FLIM acquisition and analysis. As a result, we achieved single-cell metabolic information at intervals as low as one second and acquired large FLIM mosaics 15 times faster than would be possible with conventional pixel-level analysis. This technique is computationally light, does not require machine learning algorithms, and has been integrated with commonly used analysis software and file types.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Samimi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desa, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Datta, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skala, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.30.679660</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Segmentation-guided photon pooling enables robust single cell analysis and fast fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.24.684274v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Divergent role of CD8 T cells with distinct metabolic phenotypes during curative radio-immunotherapy in hot versus cold tumors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.24.684274v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Immunotherapy has potential for impactful cancer cures by empowering patients own immune cells. We developed a radio-immunotherapy regimen that can cure large immunologically hot and cold murine tumors. Here, we explored the divergent role of CD8 T cells during this radio-immunotherapy in contrasting hot colon carcinoma versus cold melanoma. We introduced an immunocompetent mouse model with mCherry-expressing CD8 T cells to provide cell tracking in vivo. We investigated single-cell function, metabolism, and gene expression temporal changes using flow cytometry, in vivo multiphoton imaging, single-cell RNA sequencing, and multiplexed immunofluorescence to determine the underlying mechanisms. We found that in contrast to the hot colon carcinoma model, CD8 T cells from the cold melanoma model do not drive tumor cures, despite getting activated, possibly due to a static oxidative metabolism and exhausted phenotype plus down regulation of tumor MHC-I expression. These findings have implications for improving immunotherapy response in immunologically cold cancers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Heaton, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burkard, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoefges, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feils, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burkard, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Felder, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsarovsky, N. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spiegelman, D. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lublin, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hampton, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Amato, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dinh, H. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rakhmilevich, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erbe, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sondel, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skala, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.24.684274</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Divergent role of CD8 T cells with distinct metabolic phenotypes during curative radio-immunotherapy in hot versus cold tumors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.25.684558v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Buffering of genetic defects in animal development by regeneration programs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.25.684558v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Regeneration programs enable animals to restore damaged or lost tissues, and the range of stimuli for these programs is incompletely understood. Here, we used zebrafish, a vertebrate species with exceptional regenerative capacity, to identify chemically induced mutations that alter regeneration-associated gene activation. Transgenic zebrafish with a permissive promoter and EGFP cassette inserted in the vicinity of the pro-regenerative factor gene fgf20a were mutagenized, and larvae homozygous for ENU-induced mutations were assessed for disruptions in fgf20a-directed reporter gene expression following fin fold amputation. One line was identified with heritable, elevated fgf20a:EGFP presence in the absence of experimental injury, localized to regions of fin fold tissue undergoing degeneration. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) identified a mutation within exon 72 of the fraser syndrome 1 (fras1) gene, mutated in patients with inherited skin disease. fras1 mutant larvae spontaneously displayed elevated expression of other known injury/regeneration-responsive reporter lines in fin fold, and zebrafish crispants for homologs of other genes mutated in human developmental diseases also displayed regeneration-associated gene expression in regions of dysmorphology. Tempering Fgf signaling by transgenic expression of a dominant-negative Fgf receptor in fras1 mutants exacerbated the disease phenotype. Our findings provide evidence that regeneration programs are harnessed in response to developmental defects caused by genetic mutations, potentially buffering deleterious phenotypes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ando, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bangru, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welsby, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poss, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.25.684558</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Buffering of genetic defects in animal development by regeneration programs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.26.684661v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Leonardo: a toolset to correct sample-induced artifacts in light sheet microscopy images 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.26.684661v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Selective plane illumination microscopy (SPIM, also known as light sheet fluorescence microscopy) is the method of choice for studying morphogenesis and function in biological specimens over extended periods, as it permits gentle and rapid volumetric imaging. In inhomogeneous samples, however, sample-induced artifacts, including light absorption, scattering, and refraction, can impact the image quality, particularly as the focal plane gets deeper into the sample. Here, we present Leonardo, the first toolbox designed to address the major sample-induced artifacts by using two modules: (1) DeStripe removes stripe artifacts in SPIM caused by light absorption while preserving fine sample structures; (2) Fuse reconstructs a single high-quality image from dualsided illumination and/or dual-sided detection, while eliminating blur and optical distortions caused by light scattering and refraction. The efficacy of Leonardo is validated on a wide range of biological samples, from minimally invasive experiments on sensitive specimens (translucent embryonic and optically opaque larval zebrafish) to cleared mouse samples up to two centimeters in size. We provide model code and a Napari-based graphical user interface, enabling the SPIM community to easily apply Leonardo to advance light sheet imaging of inhomogeneous and complex specimens.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mueller, G. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kowitz, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chobola, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiss, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maier, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roessing, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stenzel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grueneboom, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paetzold, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erturk, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Navab, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marr, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huisken, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.26.684661</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Leonardo: a toolset to correct sample-induced artifacts in light sheet microscopy images]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.29.685427v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An automated image analysis pipeline for wide-field optical redox imaging of patient-derived cancer organoids 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.29.685427v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Wide-field optical redox imaging provides a fast and accessible method to monitor metabolic changes in cells and has recently been developed for drug screening in patient-derived cancer organoids (PDCOs). However, manual analysis of wide-field optical redox images is inefficient and laborious for large-scale drug screens. Here, we developed an automated pipeline for PDCO segmentation, single-PDCO tracking, and background correction in autofluorescence images. This pipeline was tested on two imaging systems over a 3-day time-course with two drug doses to demonstrate generalizability across imaging systems. Segmentation was performed using a fine-tuned Cellpose model, which when compared to manual masks, achieved mean Dice scores >0.8 across systems, indicating high reproducibility. Automated single-PDCO tracking was compared to manual tracking and the accuracy of the tracking algorithm exceeded 94% by two metrics, recall and Jaccard index. For background correction, the automated pipeline uses the full field-of-view to reduce sampling bias. Compared to the manual analysis pipeline, the automated pipeline resolves single-PDCO responses with comparable sensitivity to drug treatment but with over 127x faster processing time. This novel automated image analysis pipeline improves throughput and robustness in PDCO image analysis, which increases the accessibility and scalability of wide-field optical redox imaging for PDCO drug screening.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hsu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samimi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillette, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Udgata, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmitz, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deming, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skala, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.29.685427</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An automated image analysis pipeline for wide-field optical redox imaging of patient-derived cancer organoids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.02.686082v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Live visualization of extracellular matrix dynamics during development and regeneration in zebrafish 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.02.686082v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Extracellular matrix (ECM) plays fundamental roles in animal development, regeneration, and disease. The difficulty of tagging endogenous matrix proteins in vertebrates has limited the understanding of ECM composition and dynamics in complex tissues. To visualize vertebrate ECM components, we tagged zebrafish Laminin, gamma 1 (Lamc1), Collagen, type I, alpha 2 (Col1a2), and Transforming growth factor, beta-induced (Tgfbi) using C-terminus in-fusion genome editing. Analysis of these knock-in lines revealed distinct expression of each protein in various tissues during development and regeneration. Fluorescent recover after photobleaching (FRAP) analysis further indicated that Lamc1 is stable in fin fold matrix but more dynamic in myoseptal matrix of developing zebrafish, while Col1a2 and Tgfbi are stable matrix components in myosepta. Strikingly, we found that Col1a2-mScarlet protein accumulates at the amputation plane during tailfin regeneration, where it remains concentrated for several days and distant from the regeneration blastema. This "foundation" region also displayed a distinct transcriptome suggesting active and dedicated events at the base of the regenerating appendage. Our resource enables live capture of ECM dynamics that can identify new events in developing and regenerating zebrafish.

Summary statementExtracellular matrix resources for zebrafish development and tissue regeneration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jayadev, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rich, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ando, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Talia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sherwood, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poss, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.02.686082</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Live visualization of extracellular matrix dynamics during development and regeneration in zebrafish]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.14.688556v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Autofluorescence imaging reveals the impact of cryopreservation on T cell metabolism and activation response 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.14.688556v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cryopreservation or the process of freezing cells is a cornerstone of most cell therapy protocols. Optimization of cryopreservation protocols and cryoprotectant agents to improve cell viability and functionality is under further investigation. However, the impact of cryopreservation on cellular metabolism and function immediately post-thaw is not fully understood. Here, we used label-free, non-invasive optical metabolic imaging (OMI) of NAD(P)H and FAD to characterize the activation response of frozen T cells from healthy donors and lymphoma patients post-thaw. Using OMI, we identified significant metabolic shift, along with delayed and diminished activation response in healthy donor T cells throughout the first 4.5 hours upon thawing. In cryopreserved peripheral T cells from lymphoma patients in our bispecific CD19/CD20 CAR T therapy clinical trial, OMI could identify early metabolic stress and allowed gating of metabolically-fit cells associated with post-thaw viability. Notably, in our pilot study, only metabolically-fit T cells from complete responders exhibited metabolic responses to activating stimuli within the first 4.5 hours post-thaw. Overall, our findings suggest that 4-5 hours post-thaw is a critical time window to assess the impact of cryopreservation and thawing, and support the potential of OMI to optimize cryopreservation protocols and evaluate patient T cell quality for cell therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pham, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalluri, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weaver, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillette, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kearl, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hematti, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skala, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.14.688556</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Autofluorescence imaging reveals the impact of cryopreservation on T cell metabolism and activation response]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.01.691633v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enhancer-directed gene delivery for digit regeneration based on conserved epidermal factors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.01.691633v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Limb loss remains a significant clinical challenge, but regenerative medicine approaches such as gene therapy offer a promising strategy to trigger endogenous regeneration programs. Optimal vector configurations and molecular targets for appendicular skeletal repair are not well defined. Here, we leveraged insights from species with a high endogenous capacity for appendage regeneration to design an enhancer-directed gene delivery platform that functions during mouse digit regeneration, a well characterized model for partial limb regeneration in mammals. Single-cell RNA sequencing of zebrafish caudal fin regeneration, combined with expression data in regenerating salamander limbs and mouse digit tips, implicated the SP family of transcription factors as conserved, epidermally-expressed mediators of appendage regrowth. Null mutants of Sp8 demonstrated impaired limb regeneration in salamanders, while conditional knockout of Sp6 and/or Sp8 in the mouse basal epidermis resulted in defective bony digit tip regeneration, involving an IL-17 mediated osteoclastogenic program. Spatiotemporally focused expression of FGF8, a known target of SP factors, using a zebrafish-derived tissue regeneration enhancer element via adeno-associated viral vectors, could partially rescue digit tip regeneration in SP knockout mice and accelerate digit regeneration in wildtype mice. Our results demonstrate a contextual gene therapy approach to address limb loss based on genes like SP transcription factors conserved across multiple contexts of appendage regeneration.

Significance StatementInstructing regeneration of complex structures in mammals remains an unsolved problem. Gene therapy offers a compelling approach to foster endogenous regeneration by delivering therapeutic gene products to specific cells post injury. We identified a conserved regeneration-linked epidermal transcriptional program in mouse digit regeneration centered on the SP6 and SP8 transcription factors, involving inflammatory responses from osteoclasts. We engineered AAVs harboring a zebrafish tissue regeneration enhancer to direct FGF8 expression in the epidermis after amputation. This enhancer directed delivery partially rescued impaired digit regeneration in Sp6 and Sp8 conditional knockout mice and accelerated regrowth in wildtype digits. Our work links developmental signaling to adult regeneration and establishes a modular, injury site specific gene therapy framework that enables new interventions for limb healing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brown, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koll, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brush, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darner, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curtis, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dvergsten, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milligan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolfson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeffs, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ehrhardt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bitolas, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landau, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reitz, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salven, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slota-Burtt, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snee, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singer-Freeman, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhatia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asokan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Currie, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poss, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.01.691633</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enhancer-directed gene delivery for digit regeneration based on conserved epidermal factors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.10.693615v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic complementation reveals structure-function links in nodavirus RNA replication complex crowns 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.10.693615v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Positive-strand RNA viruses replicate their RNA genomes in virus-induced, membrane-bounded organelles. As first found for nodaviruses, the necked cytosolic portals of these organelles bear ringed "crown" complexes of viral RNA replication proteins that drive synthesis, capping and release of new RNA genomes. Nodavirus crowns contain two 12-mer rings of viral protein A with C-proximal polymerase domains stacked. In the basal ring, protein As N-proximal RNA capping domains form a central, toroidal floor, while in the apical ring these domains extend radially outward. A third protein A conformation provides a putative central Pol domain interacting with the viral dsRNA replication intermediate in a vesicle beneath the crown. Protein As multiple conformations likely differentially contribute to crown assembly, RNA template recruitment, (-) and (+) strand synthesis, RNA capping, and progeny RNA release. Protein As high copy numbers may provide robustness to these processes. To test such concepts, we combined mutational, complementation and functional analyses. Strong complementation between null mutants in protein As polymerase and RNA capping active sites showed that they operate in independent protein A copies, likely at distinct sites. Thus, neither function is required in all protein A copies, nor are both required in any single copy. Lack of complementation between mutants in distinct RNA capping steps implied that major RNA capping steps must be performed in the same protein. Although RNA polymerase and capping activity were not required in all protein A subunits, none of a series of deletions across these domains were complementable, showing the importance of structural and other requirements for crown assembly, etc.. Surprisingly, RNA replication was more sensitive to depleting the fraction of subunits retaining protein As C-terminal intrinsically disordered region than polymerase or capping activity. These and other results reveal and illuminate the cooperative, interdependent nature of protein As diverse functions.

Author summaryPositive-strand RNA viruses represent the largest genetic class of viruses and include human, animal, and plant pathogens causing major agricultural, economic, and environmental consequences. Using no DNA intermediates to multiply their RNA genomes, these viruses modify cellular membranes into novel, infection-specific RNA replication organelles. Emerging results show that RNA replication proteins encoded by many or most of these viruses assemble into ringed, crown-like viral protein complexes gating portals to these compartments. We previously revealed that nodavirus crowns contain two stacked 12-mer rings of viral replicase protein A, which contains polymerase, RNA capping and other domains. The nodavirus experiments reported here are among the earliest explorations in cells to illuminate the functions and interactions of such multi-domain RNA replication proteins in the context of their highly multimeric crowns. Critical questions include whether all domains and interactions are required in all protein A conformations, whether protein A multiplicity might provide dose-responsive redundancy for any crown functions, or whether defects in individual protein copies might inhibit or even poison operation of the entire crown. The results have significant implications for positive-strand RNA virus biology and thus for efforts toward virus control and beneficial uses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>den Boon, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaramillo Mesa, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horswill, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jochem, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bracken, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahlquist, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.10.693615</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic complementation reveals structure-function links in nodavirus RNA replication complex crowns]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.11.693807v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Immune-mediated Engagement of T Regulatory Cells with Tumor Cells Results in Trogocytosis and Tumor Cell Killing. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.11.693807v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite advances in treatment, >50% of patients with advanced melanoma are unresponsive to current therapies. Using the B78-D14 melanoma model (GD2+/MHC-I-/MHC-II+), we can cure mice with a regimen that includes radiation therapy (RT) in combination with immunocytokine (IC; anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody linked to IL-2) while establishing immunological memory. We interrogated the role of T cells in the antitumor and memory responses following RT+IC. We show a requirement for CD4, but not CD8 T cells, to achieve both the initial and memory responses. Upon IC-induced cell-cell contact, subsets of CD4 T cells, including Foxp3 T regulatory cells, trogocytose GD2 from tumor cells, acquire cytotoxic granules, and kill tumor cells. These results were confirmed using human tumor cell lines. These findings reveal that CD4 T regulatory cells, upon immunologically-induced binding to tumor cells, can trogocytose tumor antigens and directly kill tumor cells, redefining their potential role in antitumor immunity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Erbe, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feils, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>VandenHeuvel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyenga, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hampton, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heck, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaborek, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spiegelman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsarovsky, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoefges, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pieper, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlson, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Felder, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillies, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heaton, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dinh, H. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rakhmilevich, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sondel, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.11.693807</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Immune-mediated Engagement of T Regulatory Cells with Tumor Cells Results in Trogocytosis and Tumor Cell Killing.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.18.695161v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regarding Emitter Positioning for Nanoflow Electrospray Ionization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.18.695161v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nanoflow electrospray ionization is commonly used for proteomics due to its high sensitivity. Signal intensity, however, is dependent on optimal emitter positioning relative to the mass spectrometer inlet. Here, we characterize the effect of varied emitter positions on peptide signal intensity in all three dimensions using emitters and flows consistent with standard proteomic analyses. We observe improved signal robustness to x/y variations at increasing z distances and demonstrate that positioning within 1 to 2 mm of the optimal location will maintain consistent signal. Signal intensity behavior is consistent across the m/z range, suggesting a certain level of analyte-independence for proteomics analyses. These results provide insight for proteomics researchers using nanoflow LC-MS/MS.



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=93 SRC="FIGDIR/small/695161v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1a976ccorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@b6627forg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1fca93eorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@cb61f6_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lancaster, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quarmby, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Overmyer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.18.695161</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regarding Emitter Positioning for Nanoflow Electrospray Ionization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.23.695254v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Image-Based Profiling of Induced Trophoblast Stem Cells Identifies Signatures Associated with Sex, Schizophrenia Genomic Risk and Placental Stress 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.23.695254v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a neurodevelopmental disorder where both genetic and environmental risks converge during pregnancy. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of placental biology in influencing risk of developing SCZ. However, the pathways by which genetic risk factors for SCZ interact with environmental influences to alter placental development are poorly understood. Through image-based profiling using Cell Painting, we leveraged trophoblast cultures derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from male and female SCZ and neurotypical donors with varying placental genomic risk scores (PlacGRS) to explore the developmental dynamics of placental cells under normal growth and hypoxic stress. We employed both classical (e.g., CellProfiler) and deep learning feature extraction combined with downstream supervised machine learning to analyze high-dimensional data obtained from this hiPSC-derived model system, highlighting that these approaches overcome the inherent line-to-line variability in phenotypic analysis. Our findings reveal a salient nucleus-localized SCZ risk signature across cell lines, along with clear sexual dimorphism. This research underscores the capability of hiPSC-derived placenta models to elucidate complex interactions between genetic risk and environmental factors implicated in the neurodevelopment of SCZ, paving the way for future studies aimed at developing targeted therapeutic and prevention strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Piscotta, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ha, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheehan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnston, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hyde, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maher, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caicedo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weinberger, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shlevkov, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ursini, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.23.695254</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Image-Based Profiling of Induced Trophoblast Stem Cells Identifies Signatures Associated with Sex, Schizophrenia Genomic Risk and Placental Stress]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.31.697202v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-omic analysis reveals nitric oxide dependent remodeling in classically activated macrophages and identifies negative regulation mediated by AKR1A1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.31.697202v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nitric oxide (NO*) is an important signaling molecule in many biological processes, including immune response. During response to classical activation stimuli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-{gamma} (IFN{gamma}), macrophages generate NO* via inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). To comprehensively define the effects of NO*, we applied a multi-omic strategy integrating proteomics and transcriptomics to profile murine macrophages across conditions with or without LPS/IFN{gamma}-activation, with or without iNOS expression or exogenous NO* donor treatment. The results revealed NO* has broad, yet selected and controlled, regulatory effects, playing a key role in coordinating the systematic remodeling during macrophage classical activation. Among the proteins that are most suppressed in a NO*-dependent manner, electron transport chain (ETC) is the most enriched. NO* drives complex-specific remodeling of ETC, causing selected downregulation of complex I, II, and IV, through a different combination of transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms for each complex. Functionally, we found NO* is required, but not sufficient, for the strong suppression of cellular respiration upon macrophage activation. Among the most consistently upregulated proteins are many enzymes involved in redox defense. AKR1A1 was identified as a top hit. We found Akr1a1 induction requires both NO* and LPS/IFN{gamma} stimulation. The S-nitroso-CoA reductase activity of AKR1A1 mitigates NO*-driven inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by limiting the inhibitory modifications targeting its lipoyl cofactor. Knocking out Akr1a1 causes accelerated remodeling of TCA cycle, dysregulated immunoregulatory metabolite level, and altered functional gene expression and cytokine production at later stage of immune response. Thus, the NO*-dependent upregulation of AKR1A1 forms a negative regulatory loop to fine-tune NO*-mediated metabolic and functional remodeling during immune response. Together, this work provided a systems-level map of NO*-dependent regulation, revealed the crosstalk between NO* and immune signaling, and demonstrated mechanisms providing redox adaptation and precise control of NO*s effects.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Arp, N. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Urquiza, U. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morgenstern, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schrope, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Votava, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>John, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stevens, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huttenlocher, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coon, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.31.697202</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-omic analysis reveals nitric oxide dependent remodeling in classically activated macrophages and identifies negative regulation mediated by AKR1A1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.09.698739v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Atlas of lysine acetylation in the mouse 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.09.698739v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lysine acetylation has widespread ramifications from genetic regulatory effects to modulation of enzymatic function. With improved acetyl-lysine enrichment technologies and advances in mass spectrometer speed and sensitivity, we present a comprehensive atlas of the mouse acetylome comprising 17,952 unique lysine acetylation sites across 4,340 proteins and 15 tissues. This resource, which nearly doubles the known mouse acetyl-lysine catalog, shows at least 14% of the acetylome is shared across tissues. We focus our investigation on several acetylated proteins, including ribosomal acetylation and its potential to extend ribosomal half-life in the liver and pancreas. Additionally, we identify a novel acetylation event in the active site of carnitine O-acetyltransferase (Crat) that also mirrors tissue-specific Crat activity. By integrating these data with human pathogenic variants, we identify acetyl-lysine residues on cardiac troponin and homogentisate dioxygenase that likely mimic disease-causing mutations. This resource provides a foundational framework for investigating protein acetylation in metabolic health and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Soens, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lancaster, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galmozzi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grant, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Overmyer, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coon, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.09.698739</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Atlas of lysine acetylation in the mouse]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.13.699284v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Visualization of the complete primosome reveals the structural mechanisms governing DNA replication restart 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.13.699284v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Replication restart pathways reinitiate DNA replication processes following their premature termination. In Escherichia coli, this essential process begins with the regulated assembly of the primosome complex, comprising the PriA, PriB, and DnaT proteins, onto an abandoned replication fork. Here, we present two distinct primosome structures. One represents an intermediate stage in primosome assembly with a single DnaT C-terminal domain (DnaTCTD) bound to PriA/PriB/DNA. The second captures the mature primosome, in which filamentation of multiple DnaTCTD molecules catalyzes the handoff of the single-stranded DNA lagging strand from PriB to DnaT. The DnaT N-terminal domain forms a separate, independent oligomer in the mature structure. Taken together, our results detail the molecular mechanisms underlying replication restart initiation and regulation and suggest an unexpected mechanistic similarity between DnaT and the canonical initiator protein DnaA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ducos, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duckworth, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satyshur, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keck, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grant, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.13.699284</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Visualization of the complete primosome reveals the structural mechanisms governing DNA replication restart]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.20.700435v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Acetyl-CoA availability regulates neuronal metabolism, growth, and synaptic activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.20.700435v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The metabolite acetyl-CoA plays a central role in cellular metabolic homeostasis. As part of the secretory pathway, acetyl-CoA is imported into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by a membrane-bound transporter AT-1 (SLC33A1). AT-1 has been linked to peripheral neuropathy (heterozygous mutations), developmental delay with premature death (homozygous mutations) and intellectual disability with progeria (duplication). These phenotypes can be reproduced in the mouse. Here, we show that AT-1 overexpression in primary neurons impacts diverse phenotypes related to neuronal function and plasticity. At the gene level, AT-1 induces brain aging signatures, and key differences in ribosomal and synaptic processes were identified in both the transcriptome and the proteome. Changes in mitochondria-associated pathways were reflected in an increase in expression of mitochondrial master regulator PGC-1 and its target genes. Functionally, marked differences in mitochondrial membrane potential, architecture, and respiration were detected. Tracing experiments indicated altered glucose utilization in glycogen storage and nucleotide production. Shifts in redox metabolism were linked to differences in levels of NAD-dependent SIRT1 and CtBP2, with consequences for acetylated lysine modification. Depletion of lipid stores was associated with greater plasticity in fuel substrate utilization and a major shift in cellular lipid composition. These broad-scale changes in metabolism were coincident with reduced expression of synaptic proteins and reduced activity among synaptic networks, indicating that neuronal electrophysiology and network communication are coordinated at least in part through neuronal acetyl-CoA metabolism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McGregor, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGill, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arp, N. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baldwin, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez-Fuente, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, Y. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pearson, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagorski, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simcox, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puglielli, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.20.700435</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Acetyl-CoA availability regulates neuronal metabolism, growth, and synaptic activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.01.702898v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Proteotyping reactivant toxoplasmic encephalitis reveals virulence-associated dense granule protein GRA5 polymorphisms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.01.702898v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A fatal case of toxoplasmic encephalitis, and others like it, has caused microbiologists and clinicians to question whether different strains of T. gondii have more pathogenic potential than others. This raises significant concern, as T. gondii is a widely spread parasitic organism that is presumed to lie dormant in a third of the worlds general population. In this study, we expand on a previously published proteomicanalysis reactivated toxoplasmic encephalitis and have been able to identify T. gondii-specific peptides in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of this patient and two additional cases of toxoplasmic reactivation. Multilocus PCR-restriction fragment-length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to genetically identify the T. gondii strain that resulted in this fatal case, which belonged to ToxoDB PCR-RFLP genotype #7. Using other T. gondii strains of the same genotype, we performed bioassays to compare the pathogenicity of this genotype with that of a clinically relevant strain, ME49. Both of the tested genotype #7 strains appear to have a greater pathogenic potential, although through likely different mechanisms. Of the most abundant T. gondii-specific CSF peptides across multiple patients, we identified a polymorphic region of the dense granule protein GRA5 that appears to have strain specificity. This approach could represent a "proteotype" that allows for T. gondii strain risk stratification within clinical samples. Ultimately spinal fluid could be a valuable tool in distinguishing between T. gondii exposed individuals with no cyst forms in the brain versus those exposed individuals that harbor "clinically silent" but viable brain cysts.

SIGNIFICANCEA third of the worlds population is exposed to the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, residing in a dormant, encysted stage within neurons. T. gondii is a diverse microorganism with some strains having greater reactivation potential. There is no means of identifying which individuals are at risk of reactivation. Proteomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid from patients with reactivated toxoplasmosis demonstrated a consistent pattern of T. gondii peptides, including GRA5, a secreted virulence factor. Postmortem analysis identified a ToxoDB PCR-RFLP genotype #7 strain associated with a fatality. Cerebrospinal fluid could provide clues to persistent brain infection and may identify strains able to reactivate.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Montoro, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chadwick, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Overmyer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knoll, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Striker, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.01.702898</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Proteotyping reactivant toxoplasmic encephalitis reveals virulence-associated dense granule protein GRA5 polymorphisms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.06.710224v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Autofluorescence lifetime imaging resolves cell heterogeneity within peripheral blood mononuclear cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.06.710224v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SignificanceStandard methods to characterize peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are often destructive, lack metabolic information, or do not provide single-cell resolution. Label-free tools that non-destructively measure single-cell metabolism within PBMCs can provide new layers of information to characterize disease state and cell therapy potential.

AimDetermine whether non-destructive fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) of endogenous metabolic co-factors NAD(P)H and FAD, or optical metabolic imaging (OMI), can identify immune cell subsets and activation state within heterogeneous PBMC cultures.

ApproachOMI measured single-cell metabolism of PBMCs from 3 different human donors in the quiescent or activated (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin) state. Fluorescent antibodies were used as ground truth labels for single-cell classifiers of immune cell subtypes.

ResultsOMI identified quiescent vs. activated PBMCs with 93% accuracy at only 2 hours post-stimulation, identified monocytes within quiescent and activated PBMCs with 96% and 88% accuracy, respectively, and identified NK cells within quiescent and activated PBMCs with 74% accuracy.

ConclusionOMI identifies activation state and immune cell subpopulations within PBMCs, enabling single-cell and label-free measurements of metabolic heterogeneity within complex PBMC samples. Therefore, OMI could enhance PBMC immunophenotyping for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.

Statement of DiscoveryWe demonstrate that autofluorescence lifetime imaging can resolve functional and phenotypic metabolic subpopulations within a mixed culture of immune cells from human blood. This provides a new technique to characterize metabolic activity within immune cells from the peripheral blood of patients, which could improve disease diagnostics and the production of cell therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Riendeau, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hockerman, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maly, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samimi, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skala, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.06.710224</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Autofluorescence lifetime imaging resolves cell heterogeneity within peripheral blood mononuclear cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.09.710648v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
mnDINO: Accurate and robust segmentation of micronuclei with vision transformer networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.09.710648v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent advances in cell segmentation successfully produce models that generalize across various cell-lines and imaging types. However, these methods still fail to recognize subcellular structures such as micronuclei (MN), which are rare and tiny DNA-containing structures found outside of the main nucleus and observable under the microscope. While they can be hard to recognize in images, studying MN formation is of great interest because of their relationship to chromosome instability, genotoxicity, and cancer progression. Here we present a segmentation model, mnDINO, to segment micronuclei in DNA stained images under diverse experimental conditions with very high efficiency and accuracy. To train this model, we collected a heterogeneous set of images with more than five thousand annotated micronuclei. Trained with this diverse resource, the mnDINO model improves the accuracy of MN segmentation, and exhibits strong generalization across microscopes and cell lines. The dataset, code, and pre-trained model are made publicly available to facilitate future research in MN biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ren, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morlot, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrews, J. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thrane Hertz, E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mailand, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caicedo, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.09.710648</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[mnDINO: Accurate and robust segmentation of micronuclei with vision transformer networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.16.712182v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The pyruvate branch point controls lymphoid cancer cell dissemination 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.16.712182v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cancer cell dissemination critically determines clinical prognosis, yet metabolic dependencies and corresponding therapeutic targets during spread of lymphoid malignancies remain poorly understood. Here we show that the pyruvate branch point operates as a metabolic checkpoint for lymphoid cancer cell migration and disease dissemination through mitochondrial ROS (mROS)/HIF-1a signaling. Isolation of highly migratory mROShi cells led us to identify selective metabolic requirements of malignant lymphocyte migration and disease dissemination. Highly migratory cells show a reprogrammed metabolic profile characterized by increased glucose uptake and reduced glucose-carbon entry into the TCA cycle. Reprogramming of the TCA cycle with downregulation of citrate synthase provide the mechanistic basis for decreased pyruvate oxidation leading to increased migration and disease dissemination through mROS/HIF-1a signaling. Our findings connect central carbon metabolism and migratory capacity of lymphoid cancer cells and identify the pyruvate branch point as a metabolic switch and potential therapeutic target in lymphoid cancer cell dissemination.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Khan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>John, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farhan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoang, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buethe, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prasad, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nihal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rui, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schieke, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.16.712182</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The pyruvate branch point controls lymphoid cancer cell dissemination]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.18.712640v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Discovery of metabolites produced by reactions between central carbon metabolites and cysteine that mark inflammatory macrophages 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.18.712640v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Identifying metabolites and metabolic reactions specific to a cellular state, such as inflammatory state in immune cells, is of great interest, as it can provide important biomarkers and point to compounds and reactions of specific biological functions. However, many cell state-specific metabolites remain in the unannotated part of metabolome. Here we identified a series of sulfur-containing metabolites that are actively produced in macrophages upon classical activation, but not in resting state or alternative activation state. Isotopic tracing, in vitro assays and genetic perturbations further revealed that they are formed from reactions between free cysteine and several important intermediates in glycolysis and TCA cycle. Upon classical activation, macrophages specifically upregulate the import of cystine via Slc7a11, supporting the production of these adducts. Their production dynamically responds to changes in central metabolism, environmental nutrient levels, and is regulated by nitric oxide. Finally, we confirmed these newly identified compounds also present in human samples, and most of them are significantly elevated in inflammatory granuloma annulare lesions. This work elucidated a previously uncharted part of metabolic network that is associated with inflammation and metabolic stress condition, which has important implications and set foundation for many future discoveries.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Arp, N. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lika, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seim, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Falco Cobra, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mellado Fritz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>John, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rathinaraj, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shields, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amador-Noguez, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henzler-Wildman, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.18.712640</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Discovery of metabolites produced by reactions between central carbon metabolites and cysteine that mark inflammatory macrophages]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.27.714830v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamic UFMylation governs cellular fitness by coordinating multi-organelle proteostasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.27.714830v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (UFM1) is a ubiquitin-like protein (UBL) covalently attached to substrates through a dedicated enzymatic cascade (UFMylation) and removed by specific proteases. Despite a key role in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-ribosome homeostasis, the basis by which this UBL supports cell fitness remains elusive, as the essentiality of UFMylation machinery varies widely across hundreds of cancer lines. Here, we trace a conditional dependence on the UFMylation pathway to the availability of alanine, an amino acid provided by human plasma-like medium but absent from most conventional synthetic media. We show that by facilitating the clearance of stalled ribosomes at the ER, dynamic UFMylation maintains cellular levels of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase 2 (GPT2), the primary enzyme responsible for de novo alanine synthesis in most human cancer lines. This buffering preserves the alanine pools required to sustain protein synthesis under alanine-restricted conditions. Beyond GPT2, UFM1 deficiency leads to widespread proteomic remodeling that spans diverse processes, including mitochondrial translation. Our results reveal that despite primarily targeting ER-localized ribosomes, the UFMylation system orchestrates a multi-organelle proteostasis network whose client composition and contributions to cell fitness are shaped by intrinsic factors and nutrient conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kunzmann, G. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leiter, W. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durn, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weeks, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cantor, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.27.714830</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamic UFMylation governs cellular fitness by coordinating multi-organelle proteostasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
</rdf:RDF>
