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<title>bioRxiv Channel: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org</link>
<description>
This feed contains articles for bioRxiv Channel "University of Chinese Academy of Sciences"
</description>

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<prism:publicationName>bioRxiv</prism:publicationName>
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<title>bioRxiv</title>
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<link>https://biorxiv.org</link>
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<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/032243v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DISC1 regulates astrogenesis in the embryonic brain via modulation of RAS/MEK/ERK signaling through RASSF7 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/032243v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Disrupted in Schizophrenia1 (DISC1) is known as a high susceptibility gene of schizophrenia. More recent studies have connected schizophrenia with glia defects and dysfunction. However, it is unclear whether there is connection between DISC1 and gliogenesis defect. Thus, a precise understanding of DISC1 (a ubiquitously expressed brain protein) on astrogenesis in the late stage of embryonic mouse brain development needs to be deeply investigated. Here, we show that suppression of DISC1 expression represses astrogenesis in vitro and in vivo, whereas DISC1 overexpression substantially enhances the process. Furthermore, mouse and human DISC1 overexpression rescued astrogenesis defects caused by DISC1 knowndown. Mechanistically, DISC1 activates downstream RAS/MEK/ERK signaling pathway via directly associating with the C terminal domain of RASSF7, a RAS association protein. Also, the pERK complex undergoes nuclear translocation and influences the expression of genes related to astrogenesis. Briefly, our results demonstrate that DISC1 regulates astrogenesis by modulating RAS/MEK/ERK signaling via RASSF7 and provide a framework for understanding how DISC1 dysfunction leads to neuropsychiatric diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shukun Wang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qingli Liang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huimin Qiao</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong Li</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tianjin Shen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fen Ji</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jianwei Jiao</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-11-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/032243</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DISC1 regulates astrogenesis in the embryonic brain via modulation of RAS/MEK/ERK signaling through RASSF7]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-11-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/135632v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Local-Global Parcellation of the Human Cerebral Cortex From Intrinsic Functional Connectivity MRI 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/135632v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A central goal in systems neuroscience is the parcellation of the cerebral cortex into discrete neurobiological "atoms". Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) offers the possibility of in-vivo human cortical parcellation. Almost all previous parcellations relied on one of two approaches. The local gradient approach detects abrupt transitions in functional connectivity patterns. These transitions potentially reflect cortical areal boundaries defined by histology or visuotopic fMRI. By contrast, the global similarity approach clusters similar functional connectivity patterns regardless of spatial proximity, resulting in parcels with homogeneous (similar) rs-fMRI signals. Here we propose a gradient-weighted Markov Random Field (gwMRF) model integrating local gradient and global similarity approaches. Using task-fMRI and rs-fMRI across diverse acquisition protocols, we found gwMRF parcellations to be more homogeneous than four previously published parcellations. Furthermore, gwMRF parcellations agreed with the boundaries of certain cortical areas defined using histology and visuotopic fMRI. Some parcels captured sub-areal (somatotopic and visuotopic) features that likely reflect distinct computational units within known cortical areas. These results suggest that gwMRF parcellations reveal neurobiologically meaningful features of brain organization and are potentially useful for future applications requiring dimensionality reduction of voxel-wise fMRI data. Multi-resolution parcellations generated from 1489 participants are available (https://github.com/ThomasYeoLab/CBIG/tree/master/stable_projects/brain_parcellation/Schaefer2018_LocalGlobal)
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schaefer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laumann, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuo, X.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holmes, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eickhoff, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, B. T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/135632</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Local-Global Parcellation of the Human Cerebral Cortex From Intrinsic Functional Connectivity MRI]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/139428v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identity-By-Descent Refines Mapping Of Candidate Regions For Preaxial Polydactyly In A Large Chinese Pedigree 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/139428v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Preaxial polydactyly (PPD) is congenital hand malformation characterized by the duplication of digit. Herein, we scan the genome-wide SNPs for a large Chinese family with PPD-II/III. We employ the refined IBD algorithm to identify the identity-by-decent (IBD) segments and compare the frequency among the patients and normal relatives. A total of 72 markers of 0.01 percentile of the permutation are identified as the peak signals. Among of them, 57markers locate on chromosome 7q36 which is associated with PPD. Further analyses refine the mapping of candidate region in chromosome 7q36 into two 380 Kb fragments within LMBR1 and SHH respectively. IBD approach is a suitable method for mapping cause gene of human disease. Target-enrichment sequencing as well as functional experiments are required to illustrate the pathogenic mechanisms for PPD in the future.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sulaiman, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/139428</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identity-By-Descent Refines Mapping Of Candidate Regions For Preaxial Polydactyly In A Large Chinese Pedigree]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.11.872721v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single cell atlas of domestic pig brain illuminates the conservation and divergence of cell types at spatial and species levels 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.11.872721v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) has drawn much attention from researchers worldwide due to its implications in evolutionary biology, regenerative medicine and agriculture. The brain atlas of Homo sapiens (primate), Mus musculus (rodent), Danio rerio (fish) and Drosophila melanogaster (insect) have been constructed at single cell resolution, however, the cellular compositions of pig brain remain largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the single-cell transcriptomic profiles of five distinct regions of domestic pig brain, from which we identified 21 clusters corresponding to six major cell types, characterized by unique spectrum of gene expression. By spatial comparison, we identified cell types enriched or depleted in certain brain regions. Inter-species comparison revealed cell-type similarities and divergences in hypothalamus between mouse and pig, providing invaluable resources for the evolutionary exploration of brain functions at single cell level. Besides, our study revealed cell types and molecular pathways closely associated with several diseases (obesity, anorexia, bulimia, epilepsy, intellectual disability, and autism spectrum disorder), bridging the gap between gene mutations and pathological phenotypes, which might be of great use to the development precise therapies against neural system disorders. Taken together, we reported, so far as we know, the first single cell brain atlas of Sus scrofa domesticus, followed by comprehensive comparisons across brain region and species, which could throw light upon future evo-devo, regenerative medicine, and agricultural studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.11.872721</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single cell atlas of domestic pig brain illuminates the conservation and divergence of cell types at spatial and species levels]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.01.892398v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single cell atlas of trisomy 21 cerebral cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.01.892398v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Down syndrome (DS) is one of the most common human birth defects caused by trisomy 21 (T21), leading to a variety of cognitive impairments. The cellular composition of human brain has been explored using single cell RNA sequencing in both physiological and pathological conditions. However, the cellular heterogeneity of human brain with chromosome aneuploidy is largely unknown. Here, we profiled the transcriptome of 36046 cells in cerebral cortex of T21 human fetus, covering frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe and temporal lobe. Intriguingly, we detected several genes positively associated with neurons maturation was dysregulated in T21 frontal cortex (HIC2, POU2F2, ZGLP1 and FOXK1). To share, explore and utilized the data resources of T21 cerebral cortex, we developed a comprehensive platform named T21atlas, composing of two functional modules (T21cluster and T21talk). Overall, our study provides, as far as we know, the first single cell atlas for T21 cerebral cortex, which could promote our understanding of the molecular mechanism of DS at an unprecedented resolution and could potentially facilitate the development of novel clinical therapeutics against T21.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chai, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.01.892398</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single cell atlas of trisomy 21 cerebral cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.02.892364v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Accucopy: accurate and fast inference of allele-specific copy number alterations for heterogeneous tumor samples from high-throughput sequencing data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.02.892364v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundCopy number alterations (CNAs), due to their large impact on the genome, have been an important contributing factor to oncogenesis and metastasis. Detecting genomic alterations from the shallow-sequencing data of a low-purity tumor sample remains a challenging task.

ResultsWe introduce Accucopy, a method to infer total copy numbers (TCNs) and allele-specific copy numbers (ASCNs) from challenging low-purity and low-coverage tumor samples. Accucopy adopts many robust statistical techniques such as kernel smoothing of coverage differentiation information to discern signals from noise and combines ideas from time-series analysis and the signal-processing field to derive a range of estimates for the period in a histogram of coverage differentiation information. Statistical learning models such as the tiered Gaussian mixture model, the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm, and Sparse Bayesian Learning (SBL) were customized and built into the model. Accucopy is implemented in C++/Rust, packaged in a docker image, and supports non-human samples, more at http://www.yfish.org/software/.

ConclusionsWe describe Accucopy, a method that can predict both TCNs and ASCNs from low-coverage low-purity tumor sequencing data. Through comparative analyses in both simulated and real-sequencing samples, we demonstrate that Accucopy is more accurate than Sclust, ABSOLUTE, and Sequenza.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.02.892364</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Accucopy: accurate and fast inference of allele-specific copy number alterations for heterogeneous tumor samples from high-throughput sequencing data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.02.893370v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A general role of zinc binding domain revealed by structures of σ28-dependent transcribing complexes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.02.893370v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In bacteria, {sigma}28 is the flagella-specific sigma factor that controls the expression of flagella-related genes involving bacterial motility and chemotaxis. However, its transcriptional mechanism remains largely unclear. Here we report cryo-EM structures of {sigma}28-dependent transcribing complexes on a complete flagella-specific DNA promoter. The structures reveal how {sigma}28-RNA polymerase (RNAP) recognizes promoter DNA through strong interaction with -10 element but weak contact with -35 element to initiate transcription. In addition, we observed a distinct architecture in which the {beta}' zinc binding domain (ZBD) of RNAP stretches out from its canonical position to interact with the upstream non-template strand. Further in vitro and in vivo assays demonstrate that this interaction facilitates the isomerization of RNAP-promoter closed to open complex due to compensating the weak interaction between {sigma}4/-35 element, and suggest that ZBD-relocation is a general mechanism employed by the {sigma}70-family factors to enhance transcription from promoters with weak {sigma}4/-35 element interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shi, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schammel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.02.893370</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A general role of zinc binding domain revealed by structures of σ28-dependent transcribing complexes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.08.814889v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Separation or Integration of Sequential Arrays in VWM Depends On the interval Between Them 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.08.814889v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The visual information can be stored as either "active" representations in the active state or "activity-silent" representations in the passive state during the retention period in visual working memory (VWM). Catering to the dynamic nature of visual world, we explored how the temporally dynamic visual input was stored in VWM. In the current study, the memory arrays were presented sequentially, and the contralateral delay activity (CDA), an electrophysiological measure, was used to identify whether the memory representations were transferred into the passive state. Participants were instructed to encode two sequential arrays and retrieve them respectively, with two conditions of interval across the two arrays: 400ms and 800ms. These results provided strong evidence for the state-separated storage of two sequential arrays in different neural states if the interval between them was long enough, and the concurrent storage of them in the active state if the interval was relatively short. This conclusion was valid only when the participants encountered the task for the first time. Once participants have formed their mindset, they would apply the same storage mode to the subsequently extended or shortened interval condition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.08.814889</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Separation or Integration of Sequential Arrays in VWM Depends On the interval Between Them]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.29.926204v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DREAM: A Toolbox to Decode Rhythms of the Brain System 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.29.926204v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rhythms of the brain are generated by neural oscillations across multiple frequencies, which can be observed with multiple modalities. Following the natural log linear law of frequency distribution, these oscillations can be decomposed into distinct frequency intervals associated with specific physiological processes. This perspective on neural oscillations has been increasingly applied to study human brain function and related behaviors. In practice, relevant signals are commonly measured as a discrete time series, and thus the sampling period and number of samples determine the number and ranges of decodable frequency intervals. However, these limits have been often ignored by researchers who instead decode measured oscillations into multiple frequency intervals using a fixed sample period and numbers of samples. One reason for such misuse is the lack of an easy-to-use toolbox to implement automatic decomposition of frequency intervals. We report on a toolbox with a graphical user interface for achieving local and remote decoding rhythms of the brain system (DREAM) which is accessible to the public via GitHub. We provide worked examples of DREAM used to investigate frequency-specific performance of both neural (spontaneous brain activity) and neurobehavioral (in-scanner head motion) oscillations. DREAM analyzed the head motion oscillations and found that younger children moved their heads more than older children across all five frequency intervals whereas boys moved more than girls in the age interval from 7 to 9 years. It is interesting that the higher frequency bands contains more head movements, and showed stronger age-motion associations but the weaker sex-motion interactions. Using the fast functional magnetic resonance imaging data from the Human Connectome Project, DREAM mapped the amplitude of these neural oscillations into multiple frequency bands and evaluated their test-retest reliability. A novel result indicated that the higher frequency bands exhibited more reliable amplitude measurements, implying more inter-individual variability of the amplitudes for the higher frequency bands. In summary, these findings demonstrated the applicability of DREAM for frequency-specific human brain mapping as well as the assessments on their measurement reliability and validity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gong, Z.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, X.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castellanos, F. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuo, X.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.29.926204</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DREAM: A Toolbox to Decode Rhythms of the Brain System]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.04.933259v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrated profiling of single cell epigenomic and transcriptomic landscape of Parkinson's disease mouse brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.04.933259v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Parkinsons disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease leading to the impairment of execution of movement. PD pathogenesis has been largely investigated, but either restricted in bulk level or at certain cell types, which failed to capture cellular heterogeneity and intrinsic interplays among distinct cell types. To overcome this, we applied single-nucleus RNA-seq and single cell ATAC-seq on cerebellum, midbrain and striatum of PD mouse and matched control. With 74,493 cells in total, we comprehensively depicted the dysfunctions under PD pathology covering proteostasis, neuroinflammation, calcium homeostasis and extracellular neurotransmitter homeostasis. Besides, by multi-omics approach, we identified putative biomarkers for early stage of PD, based on the relationships between transcriptomic and epigenetic profiles. We located certain cell types that primarily contribute to PD early pathology, narrowing the gap between genotypes and phenotypes. Taken together, our study provides a valuable resource to dissect the molecular mechanism of PD pathogenesis at single cell level, which could facilitate the development of novel methods regarding diagnosis, monitoring and practical therapies against PD at early stage.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chai, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.04.933259</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrated profiling of single cell epigenomic and transcriptomic landscape of Parkinson's disease mouse brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.11.943258v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Comprehensive Survey of Genomic Mutations in Breast Cancer Reveals Recurrent Neoantigens as Potential Therapeutic Targets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.11.943258v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neoantigens are newly formed antigens generated by cancer cells but absent in normal cells. With their high specificity and immunogenicity characteristic, neoantigens are considered as an ideal target for immunotherapy. This study was aimed to investigate the signature of neoantigens in breast cancer. Somatic mutations, including SNVs and indels, were obtained from cBioPortal of 5991 breast cancer patients. For neoantigen prediction, 738 non-silent somatic variants present in at least 3 patients were selected., PIK3CA (38%), the highly mutated gene in breast cancer, can produce the highest number of neoantigens per gene. Some pan-cancer hotspot mutations, such as PIK3CA E545K (6.93%), can be recognized by at least one HLA molecule. Since there are more SNVs than indels in breast cancer, SNVs are the major source of neoantigens. Patients with hormone receptor positive or HER2 positive are more competent to produce neoantigens. Age, but not clinical stage, is a significant contributory factor of neoantigens production. We believe a detailed description of breast cancer neoantigens signatures could contribute to neoantigens based immunotherapy development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.11.943258</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Comprehensive Survey of Genomic Mutations in Breast Cancer Reveals Recurrent Neoantigens as Potential Therapeutic Targets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.18.953398v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The intriguing dynamics of chromatin folding and assembly 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.18.953398v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We investigate the dynamics of chromatin folding based on the "strings and binders" (SBS) model with molecular dynamics simulation. SBS model is a coarse-grained model considering a self-avoiding chain interacting with diffusive binders. By introducing transition among different categories of beads with specific transition cycles and transition probabilities, our model is capable of introducing different dynamics quantitatively during the folding process, thus capturing variety of phenomena related to chromatin dynamics. Firstly, roles of dynamics in the process of chromatin folding were examined. We discovered that there is a minimum gyration of chromatin under varying characteristic times of transition which indicates neither dramatically dynamic nor static folding process is optimal for chromatin to reach stable states with relatively low free energy. Secondly, it is noticeable that when beads transit from or into others in distinct dynamics, the equilibrium concentrations are distinct as well. As a consequence, the distribution of chromatin loop length is relevant to the dynamics of binders which can be modified by complex such as Wings apart-like protein homolog (Wapl) and SCC2/SCC4 cohesin loader complex (SCC2/SCC4). Finally, our model is able to reproduce contact matrices of both wild type HAP1 cell and {Delta}WAPL HAP1 cell obtained from Hi-C technology with a relatively high accuracy. Our model recapitulate the accumulating contacts at the corners of TADs and vanishing short-range contacts along the diagonal, manifesting the difference of chromatin structures before and after eliminating WAPL.

STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCEOur model includes reciprocal transition among beads in SBS model to introduce different dynamics in chromatin folding process. Our model is able to examine the roles of dynamics in chromatin folding, reveal the loop length variation due to the concentration imbalance caused by distinct dynamics and reproduce contact matrices of both wild type and WAPL-deficient cells. Our research work provides a model to investigate the dynamics of chromatin folding quantitatively and displays its significance of revealing multiple experimental results using computational tools.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mofrad, M. R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.18.953398</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The intriguing dynamics of chromatin folding and assembly]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.25.964148v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reconstruction and dynamics of human intestinal microbiome observed in situ 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.25.964148v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gut microbiome are studied primarily using fecal samples in humans and we gained vital knowledge of compositional and functional capacities of gastro-intestinal microbial communities. Yet, fecal materials limit our ability to investigate microbial dynamics in different locations along GI-tract (in situ), nor in finer temporal scales as they are infrequent. With a technology developed originally for fecal material transplantation, colonic transendoscopic enteral tubing, we were able to sample ileocecal microbiome twice daily, and carried out metagenomic as well as metatranscriptomic analyses. Ileocecal and fecal microbiome are similar in metagenomic profiling, yet their active genes (in metatranscriptomes) are highly distinct. Both were perturbed after laxatives and then became more similar to microbiome prior to treatment, demonstrating resilience as an innate property of gut microbiome. Ileocecal microbiome transcriptomes sampled during day and night revealed diurnal rhythmes exist in certain bacterial species and functional pathways, in particular those related to short-chain fatty acid production. Lastly, metabolomic analysis in fecal and urine samples mirrored the perturbance and recovery in gut microbiome, indicating crucial contribution of gut microbiome to many of the key metabolites involved in host health. Our study provides interesting novel insights into human gut microbiome, and demonstrates the inner resilience, diurnal rhythmes and potential consequences to the host.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shui, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.25.964148</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reconstruction and dynamics of human intestinal microbiome observed in situ]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.02.963959v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Amorphous nickel titanium alloy film: a new choice for cryo electron microscopy sample preparation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.02.963959v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) has become one of the most important approach for structural biology. However, barriers are still there for an increase successful rate, a better resolution and improved efficiency from sample preparation, data collection to image processing. CryoEM sample preparation is one of the bottlenecks with many efforts made recently, including the optimization of supporting substrate (e.g. ultra-thin carbon, graphene, pure gold, 2d crystal of streptavidin, and affinity modification), which was aimed to solve air-water interface problem, or reduce beam induced motion (BIM), or change particle distribution in the grid hole. Here, we report another effort of developing a new supporting substrate, the amorphous nickel-titanium alloy (ANTA) film, for cryoEM sample preparation. Our investigations showed advantages of ANTA film in comparison with conventional carbon film, including superior electron conductivity and trace non-specific interaction with protein. These advantages yield less BIM and significantly improved particle distribution during cryoEM experiment of human apo-ferritn, thus resulting an improved reconstruction resolution from a reduced number of micrographs and particles. Unlike the pure gold film, the usage of the ANTA film is just same with the carbon film, compatible to conventional automatic cryoEM data collection procedure.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, C.-c.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.02.963959</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Amorphous nickel titanium alloy film: a new choice for cryo electron microscopy sample preparation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.09.983239v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiple-biological matrices metabolomics identified new metabolite biomarkers for the precise diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and associated tissue metastasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.09.983239v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PurposeTo improve clinical diagnosis and enhance therapeutic outcome, we figure out to identify and validate metabolite biomarkers from the plasma samples of patients with pancreatic cancer that can easily, sensitively and efficiently diagnose the onsite progression, and metastasis of the disease.

Experimental DesignWe employed the newly developed precision-targeted metabolomics method to validate that many differential metabolites have the capacity to markedly distinguish patients with pancreatic cancer from healthy controls. To further enhance the specificity and selectivity of metabolite biomarkers, a dozen tumor tissues from PC patients and paired normal tissues were used to clinically validate the biomarker performance.

ResultsWe eventually verified five new metabolite biomarkers in plasma (creatine, inosine, beta-sitosterol, sphinganine and glycocholic acid), which can be used to readily diagnose pancreatic cancer in a clinical setting. Excitingly, we proposed a panel biomarker by integrating these five individual metabolites into one pattern, demonstrating much higher accuracy and specificity to precisely diagnose pancreatic cancer than conventional biomarkers (CA125, CA19-9, CA242 and CEA); Moreover, we characterized succinic acid and gluconic acid as having a great capability to monitor the progression and metastasis of pancreatic cancer at different stages.

ConclusionsTaken together, this metabolomics method was used to identify and validate metabolite biomarkers that can precisely and sensitively diagnose the onsite progression and metastasis of pancreatic cancer in a clinical setting. Furthermore, such effort should leave clinicians with the correct time frame to facilitate early and efficiently therapeutic interventions, which could largely improve the five-year survival rate of PC patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Luo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.09.983239</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiple-biological matrices metabolomics identified new metabolite biomarkers for the precise diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and associated tissue metastasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.16.993584v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiple approaches for massively parallel sequencing of HCoV-19 genomes directly from clinical samples 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.16.993584v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
COVID-19 has caused a major epidemic worldwide, however, much is yet to be known about the epidemiology and evolution of the virus. One reason is that the challenges underneath sequencing HCoV-19 directly from clinical samples have not been completely tackled. Here we illustrate the application of amplicon and hybrid capture (capture)-based sequencing, as well as ultra-high-throughput metatranscriptomic (meta) sequencing in retrieving complete genomes, inter-individual and intra-individual variations of HCoV-19 from clinical samples covering a range of sample types and viral load. We also examine and compare the bias, sensitivity, accuracy, and other characteristics of these approaches in a comprehensive manner. This is, to date, the first work systematically implements amplicon and capture approaches in sequencing HCoV-19, as well as the first comparative study across methods. Our work offers practical solutions for genome sequencing and analyses of HCoV-19 and other emerging viruses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xiao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.16.993584</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiple approaches for massively parallel sequencing of HCoV-19 genomes directly from clinical samples]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.21.001362v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Convergence within divergence: insights of wheat adaptation from Triticum population sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.21.001362v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bread wheat expanded its habitats from a small core area of the Fertile Crescent to global environments within [~]10,000 years. Genetic mechanisms of this remarkable evolutionary success are not well understood. By whole-genome sequencing of populations from 25 subspecies within genera Triticum and Aegilops, we identified composite introgression from these wild populations contributing 13%[~]36% of the bread wheat genome, which tremendously increased the genetic diversity of bread wheat and allowed its divergent adaptation. Meanwhile, convergent adaption to human selection showed 2- to 16-fold enrichment relative to random expectation in Triticum species despite their drastic differences in ploidy levels and growing zones, indicating the vital importance of adaptive constraints in the success of bread wheat. These results showed the genetic necessities of wheat as a global crop and provided new perspectives on leveraging adaptation success across species for crop improvement.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.-g.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.21.001362</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Convergence within divergence: insights of wheat adaptation from Triticum population sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.22.002766v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell differential splicing analysis reveals high heterogeneity of liver tumor-infiltrating T cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.22.002766v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), enriched the knowledge of the heterogeneity of the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) for understanding the mechanisms of cancer initiation and progression. However, alternative splicing (AS), as one of the important regulatory factors of heterogeneity, has been poorly investigated. Here, we proposed a computational tool, DESJ-detection, which could fast and accurately detect the differentially expressed splicing junction (DESJ) between cell groups at single-cell level. We analyzed 5,063 T cells of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and identified 1,176 DESJs across 11 T cell subtypes. Cell subtypes with a similar function clustered closer rather than the lineage at the AS level. Meanwhile, we identified two novel cell states, pre-exhaustion and pre-activation with the marker isoform CD103-201 and ARHGAP15-205. In summary, we presented a comprehensive investigation of alternative splicing differences, which provided novel insights for heterogeneity of T cells and can be applied in other full-length scRNA-seq datasets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.22.002766</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell differential splicing analysis reveals high heterogeneity of liver tumor-infiltrating T cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.22.002824v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell RNA-Seq reveals the link between CD45 isoforms and tumor-infiltrating T cells heterogeneity in liver cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.22.002824v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CD45 isoforms play a major role in characterizing T cell function, phenotype, and development. However, there is lacking comprehensive interrogation about the relationship between CD45 isoforms and T lymphocytes from cancer patients at the single-cell level yet. Here, we investigated the CD45 isoforms component of published 5,063 T cells of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which has been assigned functional states. We found that the distribution of CD45 isoforms in T lymphocytes cells depended on tissue resource, cell type, and functional state. Further, we demonstrated that CD45RO and CD45RA dominate in characterizing the phenotype and function of T cell though multiple CD45 isoforms coexist in T cells, through a novel alternative splicing pattern analysis. We identified a novel development trajectory of tumor-infiltrating T cells from Tcm to Temra (effector memory T cells re-expresses CD45RA) after detecting two subpopulations in state of transition, Tcm (central memory T) and Tem (effector memory T). Temra, capable of high cytotoxic characteristics, was discovered to be associated with the stage of HCC and may be a target of immunotherapy. Our study presents a comprehension of the connection between CD45 isoforms and the function, states, sources of T lymphocytes cells in HCC patients at the single-cell level, providing novel insight for the effect of CD45 isoforms on T cell heterogeneity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.22.002824</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell RNA-Seq reveals the link between CD45 isoforms and tumor-infiltrating T cells heterogeneity in liver cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.24.002956v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reusable and Sensitive Detection Method for Exonuclease III Activity by DNB Nanoarrays Based on cPAS Sequencing Technology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.24.002956v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AbstractionIn this article, we have designed a sensitive and recycled DNB (DNA nanoball) nanoarrays sequencing complex structures based on BGISEQ-500RS sequencer for the monitoring performance of Exo III activity. In the shortage of Exo III, the effective number ratio of DNB would be captured by an optical system due to one fluorescent. In contrast, in the presence of Exo III, some DNB would disappear or discard from the fields of the optical system by fluorescence extinction and uncleaned fluorescent, respectively. As a result, the effective number of DNB of this strategy was relative to the concentration of Exo III. For Exo III, our strategy showed a highly sensitive linear response in the low detection range of 0.01 U/mL to 0.5 U/mL, with detection limits below 0.01 U/mL. With the comparison between DNB nanoarrays and other fluorescent sensors, this study possessed superior sensitivity, selectivity, and reusability, accompanying with the low cost and simple setup.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drmanac, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.24.002956</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reusable and Sensitive Detection Method for Exonuclease III Activity by DNB Nanoarrays Based on cPAS Sequencing Technology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.28.013201v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Comprehensive Survey of Mutations in Oesophageal Carcinoma Reveals Recurrent Neoantigens as Potential Immunotherapy Targets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.28.013201v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This study was aimed to investigate the mutations in Esophageal Carcinoma (EC) for recurrent neoantigen identification. A total of 733 samples with whole exome sequencing (WES) mutation data and 1153 samples with target region sequencing data were obtained from 7 published studies and GENIE database. Common HLA-I and HLA-II genotypes in both TCGA cohort and Chinese were used to predict the probability of  public neoantigens in the dataset. Based on the integrated data, we not only obtained the most comprehensive EC mutation landscape so far, but also found 253 mutation sites which could be identified in at least 3 or more patients, including, TP53 p.R248Q, PIK3CA p.E545K, PIK3CA p.E542K, KRAS p.G12D, PIK3CA p.H1047R and TP53 p.C83F. These mutations can be recognized by multiple common HLA molecules (HLA-A11:01, HLA-B57:01, HLA-A03:01, DRB1-0301, DRB1-1202, et al.) in Chinese and TCGA cohort as potential public neoantigens. Overall, our analysis provides some potential targets for EC immunotherapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.28.013201</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Comprehensive Survey of Mutations in Oesophageal Carcinoma Reveals Recurrent Neoantigens as Potential Immunotherapy Targets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.29.014274v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Isolation and characterization of two bacterial strains from textile effluents having Malachite Green dye degradation ability 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.29.014274v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Water pollution from textile effluent is now one of the major issues all over the world. Malachite Green dye of the triphenylmethane group is a key component of textile effluents. This study aimed to isolate and identify potential Malachite Green dye degrading bacteria from textile effluents. Different growth and culture parameters such as temperature, pH, inoculum-size and dye concentration were optimized to perform the dye-degradation assay using different concentrations of Malachite Green dye in mineral salt medium. A photo-electric-colorimeter was used to measure the decolorizing activity of bacteria at different time intervals after aerobic incubation. Two competent bacterial strains of Enterobacter spp. (CV-S1 and CM-S1) were isolated from textile effluents showing potential degradation efficiency against Malachite Green dye. The RAPD analysis and 16S rRNA sequencing confirmed the genetical difference of the isolated strains Enterobacter sp. CV-S1 and Enterobacter sp. CM-S1. The two bacterial strains CV-S1 and CM-S1 showed complete Malachite Green dye degradation up to 15 mg/l under shaking condition with 5% (v/v) inoculums at pH 6.50 and temperature 35{degrees}C within 72 and 144 hours respectively. These findings indicate that the two potential bacterial strains can be used in large scale treatment of textile effluents in the future.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roy, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheam, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasan, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saha, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haque, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahman, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swee-Seong, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biswas, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.29.014274</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Isolation and characterization of two bacterial strains from textile effluents having Malachite Green dye degradation ability]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.03.024349v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ERG orchestrates chromatin interactions to drive prostate cell fate reprogramming 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.03.024349v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While cancer is commonly perceived as a disease of dedifferentiation, the hallmark of early stage prostate cancer is paradoxically the loss of more plastic basal cells and the abnormal proliferation of more differentiated secretory luminal cells. However, the mechanism of prostate cancer pro-luminal differentiation is largely unknown. Through integrating analysis of the transcription factors (TFs) from 806 human prostate cancers, we have identified that ERG highly correlated with prostate cancer luminal subtyping. ERG overexpression in luminal epithelial cells inhibits its normal plasticity to transdifferentiate into basal lineage and ERG supersedes PTEN-loss which favors basal differentiation. ERG knock-out disrupted prostate cell luminal differentiation, whereas AR knock-out had no such effects. Trp63 is a known master regulator of prostate basal lineage. Through analysis of 3D chromatin architecture, we found that ERG binds and inhibits the enhancer activity and chromatin looping of a Trp63 distal enhancer, thereby silencing its gene expression. Specific deletion of the distal ERG binding site resulted in the loss of ERG-mediated inhibition of basal differentiation. Thus, ERG orchestrates chromatin interactions and regulates prostate cell lineage toward pro-luminal program, as its fundamental role on lineage differentiation in prostate cancer initiation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aji, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carver, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.03.024349</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ERG orchestrates chromatin interactions to drive prostate cell fate reprogramming]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.10.023358v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 detection with CRISPR diagnostics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.10.023358v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The novel coronavirus (CoV) disease termed COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2) is causing a massive pandemic worldwide, threatening public health systems across the globe. During this ongoing COVID-19 outbreak, nucleic acid detection has played an important role in early diagnosis. Here we report a SARS-CoV-2 detection protocol using a CRISPR-based CRISPR diagnostic platform - CDetection (Cas12b-mediated DNA detection). By combining sample treatment protocols and nucleic acid amplification methods with CDetection, we have established an integrated viral nucleic acid detection platform - CASdetec (CRISPR-assisted detection). The detection limit of CASdetec for SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus is 1 x 104 copies/mL, with no cross reactivity observed. Our assay design and optimization process can provide guidance for future CRISPR-based nucleic acid detection assay development and optimization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.10.023358</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2 detection with CRISPR diagnostics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.10.029306v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Proteogenomics analysis of non-coding region encoded peptides in normal tissues and five cancer types 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.10.029306v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Previous proteogenomics studies have identified peptides encoded by non-coding sequences such as pseudogenes and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in healthy human tissues as well as in cancers. However, these studies are either limited to analyze only healthy or cancerous tissues, lacking direct comparison between them. In this study, we used an established proteogenomics analysis workflow to analyze proteomics data from 926 cancer samples of five cancer types and 31 different healthy human tissues. We observed the protein level expression of pseudogenes can be classified as ubiquitous or lineage expression. The ubiquitously translated pseudogenes are homologous to house-keeping genes. Our results suggest there is common mechanism underlying the translation of pseudogenes in both normal and tumors. Moreover, we discovered several translated non-coding genes such as DGCR5 and RHOXF1P3 that were up-regulated in tumors compared to normal. These translated pseudogenes imply the biological function of pseudogenes extends to protein level yet to be studied. Further, from the non-coding region encoded peptides specifically detected in tumors we have predicted a large number of potential neoantigens which can be developed as cancer vaccine.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xiang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.10.029306</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Proteogenomics analysis of non-coding region encoded peptides in normal tissues and five cancer types]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.11.021915v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Role of short-chain fatty acids in the gut-brain axis in schizophrenia: contribution to immune activation and pathophysiology in humans and mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.11.021915v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveGut microbiota dysbiosis and aberrant gut-brain functional modules including short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production and long-lasting immune activation (IA) are presented in schizophrenia. Given the key roles of gut microbiota and SCFA in shaping immunity, we propose that dysbiosis-induced SCFA upregulation could contribute to IA and behavioral symptoms in schizophrenia.

DesignGut microbiota, SCFA, and IA biomarkers were compared between schizophrenic patients and healthy controls. The roles of SCFA in schizophrenia-related IA were analyzed in cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and a mouse model of schizophrenia. The effects of SCFAs on schizophrenia-related phenotypes were analyzed in both human and mouse.

ResultsBoth microbial-derived SCFA and SCFA-producing bacteria were elevated in the guts of schizophrenic patients, and this increased SCFA production in gut was associated with IA in schizophrenia. The microbiome signature underpinning schizophrenia-related IA includes increased diversity and increased SCFA-producing bacteria and inflammation-associated bacteria. The impact of SCFAs on immune responses of cultured PBMC depend on the diagnosis and IA status of donors. Small-molecule serum filtrates from immune-activated schizophrenic patients increased the inflammatory response of PBMCs from healthy volunteers, which can be enhanced and attenuated by SCFAs supplementation and inhibition of SCFA signaling, respectively. Chronically elevated SCFAs in adolescence induced neuroinflammation and schizophrenia-like behaviors in adult mice. Moreover, chronically elevated SCFAs in adult mice prenatally exposed to IA potentiated their expression of schizophrenia-like behaviors.

Conclusionmicrobiota-derived SCFAs are important mediators of dysregulated gut-brain axis and participant in pathogenesis via enhance IA in schizophrenia.

SummaryO_ST_ABSSignificance of this studyC_ST_ABSO_LIWhat is already known about this subject?
[tpltrtarr]Schizophrenia pathogenesis goes beyond the brain since increasing peripheral abnormalities are revealed including gut microbiota dysbiosis, GI dysfunction, and systemic immune activation (IA).
[tpltrtarr]Systemic IA/inflammation contributes to the neuroinflammation and brain impairment underlying schizophrenia, and adjunctive immunotherapy can improve psychotic symptoms.
[tpltrtarr]Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) mediate the microbiota-gut-brain communication and modulate several pathways involved in schizophrenia, including pathways of immunity and neurotransmitters.

C_LIO_LIWhat are the new findings?
[tpltrtarr]Patients with schizophrenia displayed increased rates of IA and increased SCFA production compared with healthy controls, and increased SCFA is associated with IA in patients.
[tpltrtarr]A unique microbiota signature including enriched SCFA-producing bacterial species can distinguish patients with IA from other patients and controls.
[tpltrtarr]Small molecules in the serum of immune-activated patients with schizophrenia enhance LPS-induced immune response of cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMCs), which is partially mediated by SCFA signaling.
[tpltrtarr]SCFA intake upregulates both peripheral and brain inflammation and potentiates the expression of schizophrenia-like behaviors in mice prenatally exposed to IA.

C_LIO_LIHow might it impact on clinical practice in the foreseeable future?
[tpltrtarr]Interference of SCFA signaling or targeted destruction of SCFA-producing bacteria may provide a new approach for the prevention and treatment of schizophrenia.
[tpltrtarr]Immune activation status of patients should be an important condition considered when selecting immunotherapy for future precision psychiatric therapy.

C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ju, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, X.-c.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.11.021915</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Role of short-chain fatty acids in the gut-brain axis in schizophrenia: contribution to immune activation and pathophysiology in humans and mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.11.036848v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Long Noncoding RNA Derived from LncRNA-mRNA Co-expression Networks Modulates the Locust Phase Change 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.11.036848v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate various biological processes from gene expression to animal behavior. Although protein-coding genes, microRNAs, and neuropeptides play important roles in the regulation of phenotypic plasticity in migratory locust, empirical studies on the function of lncRNAs in the process remain limited. Here, we applied high-throughput RNA-seq to characterize the expression patterns of lncRNAs and mRNAs in the time course of the locust phase change. LncRNAs displayed more rapid response at the early stages of the time-course treatments than mRNA expression. Functional annotations demonstrated that early changed lncRNAs employed different pathways in isolation and crowding processes to cope up with the changes in population density. Finally, two overlapping hub lncRNA loci in the crowding and isolation networks were screened to be functionally verified. Experimental validation indicated that LNC1010057 could act as a potential regulator to modulate the locust phase change. This work offers new insights into the mechanism underlying the locust phase change and expands the scope of lncRNA functions in animal behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.11.036848</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Long Noncoding RNA Derived from LncRNA-mRNA Co-expression Networks Modulates the Locust Phase Change]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.13.039016v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CNV-PG: a machine-learning framework for accurate copy number variation predicting and genotyping 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.13.039016v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationCopy-number variants (CNVs) are one of the major causes of genetic disorders. However, current methods for CNV calling have high false-positive rates and low concordance, and a few of them can accurately genotype CNVs.

ResultsHere we propose CNV-PG (CNV Predicting and Genotyping), a machine-learning framework for accurately predicting and genotyping CNVs from paired-end sequencing data. CNV-PG can efficiently remove false positive CNVs from existing CNV discovery algorithms, and integrate CNVs from multiple CNV callers into a unified call set with high genotyping accuracy.

AvailabilityCNV-PG is available at https://github.com/wonderful1/CNV-PG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.13.039016</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CNV-PG: a machine-learning framework for accurate copy number variation predicting and genotyping]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.13.040261v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Parkinson's disease-related phosphorylation at Tyr39 rearranges α-synuclein amyloid fibril structure revealed by cryo-EM 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.13.040261v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of -synuclein (-syn), e.g. phosphorylation, play an important role in modulating -syn pathology in Parkinsons disease (PD) and -synucleinopathies. Accumulation of phosphorylated -syn fibrils in Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites is the histological hallmark of these diseases. However, it is unclear how phosphorylation relates to -syn pathology. Here, by combining chemical synthesis and bacterial expression, we obtained homogeneous -syn fibrils with site-specific phosphorylation at Y39, which exhibits enhanced neuronal pathology in rat primary cortical neurons. We determined the cryo-EM structure of pY39 -syn fibril, which reveals a new fold of -syn with pY39 in the center of the fibril core forming electrostatic interaction network with eight charged residues in the N-terminal region of -syn. This structure composed of residues 1-100 represents the largest -syn fibril core determined so far. This work provides structural understanding on the pathology of pY39 -syn fibril, and highlights the importance of PTMs in defining the polymorphism and pathology of amyloid fibrils in neurodegenerative diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, J.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.13.040261</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Parkinson's disease-related phosphorylation at Tyr39 rearranges α-synuclein amyloid fibril structure revealed by cryo-EM]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.21.054296v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effect of storage conditions on peripheral leukocytes transcriptome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.21.054296v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IntroductionPeripheral blood leukocytes are essential components of the innate and adaptive immune responses. Their transcriptome reflects an individuals physiological and pathological state, consequently bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing have been used to assess health and disease. As RNA is dynamic and could be affected by ex vivo conditions before RNA stabilization, we have assessed the influence of temporary storage on the transcriptome.

MethodsWe collected peripheral blood from six healthy donors and processed it immediately or stored it either at 4{square} or room temperature (RT, 18-22{square}) for 2h, 6h and 24h. Total cellular RNA was extracted from leukocytes after red blood cells lysis and the transcriptome analyzed using RNA sequencing.

ResultsWe identified 152 up-regulated and 12 down-regulated coding genes in samples stored at 4{square} for 24h with most of the up-regulated genes related to nucleosome assembly. More coding genes changed expression at RT, with 1218 increased and 1480 decreased. The increased genes were particularly related to mRNA processing and apoptosis, while the decreased genes were associated with neutrophil activation and cytokine production, implying a reduced proportion of neutrophils, which was confirmed by leukocyte subsets analysis. Most house-keeping genes changed expression during storage, but genes such as TUBB and C1orf43 were relatively stable and could serve as reference genes.

ConclusionTemporary storage conditions profoundly affect leukocyte gene expression profiles and change leukocyte subset proportions. Blood samples stored at 4{square} for 6h largely maintain their original transcriptome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xing, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.21.054296</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effect of storage conditions on peripheral leukocytes transcriptome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.29.069583v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Draft genome of the aquatic moss Fontinalis antipyretica (Fontinalaceae, Bryophyta) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.29.069583v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundMosses compose one of the three lineages that form the sister group to extant vascular plants. Having emerged from an early split in the diversification of embryophytes, mosses may offer complementary insights into the evolution of traits following the transition to and colonization of land. Here, we report the draft nuclear genome of Fontinalis antipyretica (Fontinalaceae, Hypnales), a charismatic aquatic moss widespread in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. We sequenced and de novo assembled its genome using the 10 x genomics method. The genome comprises 486.3 Mb, with a scaffold N50 of 38.8 kb. The assembly captured 89.4% of the 303 genes in the BUSCO eukaryote dataset. The newly generated F. antipyretica genome is the third genome of mosses, and the second genome for a seedless aquatic plant.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goffinet, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.29.069583</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Draft genome of the aquatic moss Fontinalis antipyretica (Fontinalaceae, Bryophyta)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.30.071290v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Potent antiviral effect of protoporphyrin IX and verteporfin on SARS-CoV-2 infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.30.071290v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The SARS-CoV-2 infection is spreading rapidly worldwide. Efficacious antiviral therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 is urgently needed. Here, we discovered that protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) and verteporfin, two FDA-approved drugs, completely inhibited the cytopathic effect produced by SARS-CoV-2 infection at 1.25 M and 0.31 M respectively, and their EC50 values of reduction of viral RNA were at nanomolar concentrations. The selectivity indices of PpIX and verteporfin were 952.74 and 368.93, respectively, suggesting broad margin of safety. Importantly, PpIX and verteporfin prevented SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice adenovirally transduced with human ACE2. The compounds, sharing a porphyrin ring structure, were shown to bind viral receptor ACE2 and interfere with the interaction between ACE2 and the receptor-binding domain of viral S protein. Our study suggests that PpIX and verteporfin are potent antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2 infection and sheds new light on developing novel chemoprophylaxis and chemotherapy against SARS-CoV-2.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.30.071290</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Potent antiviral effect of protoporphyrin IX and verteporfin on SARS-CoV-2 infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.13.092932v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SLE non-coding Genetic Risk Variant Determines the Epigenetic Dysfunction of an Immune Cell Specific Enhancer that Controls Disease-critical microRNA Expression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.13.092932v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human genome contains millions of putative regulatory elements, which regulate gene expression. We are just beginning to understand the functional consequences of genetic variation within these regulatory elements. Since the bulk of common genetic variation impacting polygenic disease phenotypes localizes to these non-coding regions of the genome, understanding the consequences will improve our understanding of the mechanisms mediating genetic risk in human disease. Here, we define the systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) risk variant rs2431369 as likely causal for SLE and show that it is located in a functional regulatory element that modulates miR-146a expression. We use epigenomic analysis and genome-editing to show that the rs2431697-containing region is a distal enhancer that specifically regulates miR-146a expression in a cell-type dependent manner. 3D chromatin structure analysis demonstrates physical interaction between the rs2431697-containing region and the miR-146a promoter. Further, our data show that NF-kB binds the disease protective allele in a sequence-specific manner, leading to increased expression of this immunoregulatory microRNA. Our work provides a strategy for using disease-associated variants to define the functional regulatory elements of non-coding RNA molecules such as miR-146a and provides mechanistic links between autoimmune disease risk genetic variation and disease etiology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hou, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harley, I. T. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouyang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Namjou, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weirauch, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kottyan, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harley, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.13.092932</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SLE non-coding Genetic Risk Variant Determines the Epigenetic Dysfunction of an Immune Cell Specific Enhancer that Controls Disease-critical microRNA Expression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.19.103457v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Electronic blood vessel 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.19.103457v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Advances in bioelectronics have great potential to address unsolvable biomedical problems in the cardiovascular system. By using poly(L-lactide-co-{varepsilon}-caprolactone) (PLC) that encapsulates the liquid metal to make flexible and bio-degradable electrical circuitry, we develop an electronic blood vessel that can integrate flexible electronics with three layers of blood vessel cells, to mimic and go beyond the natural blood vessel. It can improve the endothelization process through electrical stimulation and can enable controlled gene delivery into specific part of the blood vessel via electroporation. The electronic blood vessel has excellent biocompatibility in the vascular system and shows great patency three months post-implantation in a rabbit model. The electronic blood vessel would be an ideal platform to enable diagnostics and treatments in the cardiovascular system and can greatly empower personalized medicine by creating a direct link of vascular tissue-machine interface.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cheng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mou, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.19.103457</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Electronic blood vessel]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.07.135764v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lipidomic profiling of plasma extracellular vesicles as an effective means to evaluate the risk of preterm birth 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.07.135764v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Preterm birth is the main cause of infant death worldwide and results in a high societal economic burden associated with newborn care. Recent studies have shown that extracellular vesicles play an important role in fetal development during pregnancy. Here, we fully investigated differences in lipids in plasma, microvesicles and exosomes between 27 preterm and 66 full-term pregnant women in the early second trimester (12-24 weeks) using an untargeted lipidomics approach. Independent of other characteristics of samples, we detected 97, 58 and 10 differential features (retention time (RT) and m/z) with identification by multivariate and univariate statistical analyses in plasma, microvesicles and exosomes, respectively. These altered lipids were involved in the formation of the bacterial cell wall and chronic low-level inflammation and oxidative stress. Furthermore, lipids in microvesicles could distinguish patients who experienced preterm labor from controls better than lipids in plasma and exosomes. The candidate lipid biomarkers in microvesicles were also validated by the pseudotargeted lipidomics method. The validation set included 41 preterm and 42 healthy pregnant women. PS (34:0) in microvesicles was able to distinguish preterm birth from healthy pregnancy with higher accuracy. Our study shows that differences in lipids in plasma, microvesicles and exosomes are useful for understanding the underlying mechanisms, early clinical diagnosis and intervention of preterm birth.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.07.135764</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lipidomic profiling of plasma extracellular vesicles as an effective means to evaluate the risk of preterm birth]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.07.138677v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure Basis for Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 by the Feline Drug GC376 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.07.138677v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-COV-2 continues to ravage many countries in the world. Mpro is an indispensable protein for viral translation in SARS-CoV-2 and a potential target in high-specificity anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug screening. In this study, to explore potential drugs for treating COVID-19, we elucidated the structure of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and explored the interaction between Mpro and GC376, an antiviral drug used to treat a range of coronaviruses in Feline via inhibiting Mpro. The availability and safety of GC376 were proved by biochemical and cell experiments in vitro. We determined the structure of an important protein, Mpro, in SARS-CoV-2, and revealed the interaction of GC376 with the viral substrate and inhibition of the catalytic site of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Luan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, H. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.07.138677</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure Basis for Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 by the Feline Drug GC376]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.11.138370v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Parabrachial neuron types categorically encode thermoregulation variables during heat defense 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.11.138370v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Heat defense is crucial for survival and fitness, and its dysregulation may result in deaths due to poor management. Transmission of thermosensory signals into hypothalamic thermoregulation centers represent a key layer of regulation in heat defense. However, the mechanism by which these signals are transmitted into the hypothalamus remains poorly understood. Here, we reveal that glutamatergic prodynorphin and cholecystokinin neuron populations in the lateral parabrachial (LPB) are progressively recruited to defend elevated body temperature. These two nonoverlapping neuron types form circuitries with downstream preoptic hypothalamic neurons to inhibit BAT thermogenesis and activate tail vasodilation, respectively. Both circuitries are selectively activated by warm temperatures and are required for fever limiting. The prodynorphin circuitry is further required for regulation of energy expenditure and weight homeostasis. Thus, these findings establish that the genetic and functional specificity of heat defense neurons occurs as early as in the LPB and uncover categorical neuron types for encoding two heat defense variables, which may provide targets for treating thermoregulation disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, W. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ni, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.11.138370</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Parabrachial neuron types categorically encode thermoregulation variables during heat defense]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.12.147546v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mapping Connectional Differences between Humans and Macaques in the Nucleus Accumbens Shell-Core Architecture 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.12.147546v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Two nucleus accumbens subregions, the shell and core, differ in the patterns whereby they integrate signals from prefrontal and limbic areas of the brain. In this study, we investigated whether the disproportionate volumetric differences of these brain areas, particularly the prefrontal cortex, between humans and macaques are accompanied by unique modifications of their macroscopic integrative connections with the shell and core. More specifically, we characterized the tractographic connectivity profiles of the human and macaque shell-core architecture and compared them between the two species. To make the cross-species comparisons more viable, we used the same whole-brain voxel-wise tractography-defined shell-like and core-like divisions in the two species as seeds and delineated pairs of interspecies connectionally comparable (ICC) target regions based on the similarity of the resting-state functional connectivity profiles for the two species, and finally used these seeds and ICC targets to establish a fingerprint-based common space for cross-species comparisons. Our results revealed that dissimilar structural connectivity profiles were found in the prefrontal but not the subcortical target group. We further localized this difference to specific targets to infer possible functional modifications between the two species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xia, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.12.147546</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mapping Connectional Differences between Humans and Macaques in the Nucleus Accumbens Shell-Core Architecture]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.20.162933v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A path towards SARS-CoV-2 attenuation: metabolic pressure on CTP synthesis rules the virus evolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.20.162933v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fighting the COVID-19 epidemic summons deep understanding of the way SARS-CoV-2 taps into its host cell metabolic resources. We describe here the singular metabolic background that creates a bottleneck constraining coronaviruses to evolve towards likely attenuation in the long term. Cytidine triphosphate (CTP) is at the crossroad of the biosynthetic processes that allow the virus to multiply. This is because CTP is in demand for three essential steps. It is a building block of the virus genome, it is required for synthesis of the cytosine-based liponucleotide precursors of the viral envelope and, finally, it is a critical building block of the host transfer RNAs synthesis. The CCA 3-end of all the transfer RNAs required to translate the RNA genome and further transcripts into the proteins used to build active virus copies is not coded in the human genome. It must be synthesized de novo from CTP and ATP. Furthermore, intermediary metabolism is built on compulsory steps of synthesis and salvage of cytosine-based metabolites via uridine triphosphate (UTP) that keep limiting CTP availability. As a consequence, accidental replication errors tend to replace cytosine by uracil in the genome, unless recombination events allow the sequence to return to its ancestral sequences. We document some of the consequences of this situation in the function of viral proteins. We also highlight and provide a raison detre to viperin, an enzyme of innate antiviral immunity, which synthesizes 3-deoxy-3',4-didehydro-CTP (ddhCTP) as an extremely efficient antiviral nucleotide.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouzounis, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marliere, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danchin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.20.162933</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A path towards SARS-CoV-2 attenuation: metabolic pressure on CTP synthesis rules the virus evolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.26.174524v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integration of Machine Learning Improves the Prediction Accuracy of Molecular Modelling for M. jannaschii Tyrosyl-tRNA Synthetase Substrate Specificity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.26.174524v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Design of enzyme binding pocket to accommodate substrates with different chemical structure is a great challenge. Traditionally, thousands even millions of mutants have to be screened in wet-lab experiment to find a ligand-specific mutant and large amount of time and resources is consumed. To accelerate the screening process, here we propose a novel workflow through integration of molecular modeling and data-driven machine learning method to generate mutant libraries with high enrichment ratio for recognition of specific substrate. M. jannaschii tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (Mj. TyrRS) is used as an example system to give a proof of concept since the sequence and structure of many unnatural amino acid specific Mj. TyrRS mutants have been reported. Based on the crystal structures of different Mj. TyrRS mutants and Rosetta modeling result, we find D158G/P is the critical residue which influences the backbone disruption of helix with residue 158-163. Our results show that compared with random mutation, Rosetta modeling and score function calculation can elevate the enrichment ratio of desired mutants by 2-fold in a test library having 687 mutants, while after calibration by machine learning model trained using known data of Mj. TyrRS mutants and ligand, the enrichment ratio can be elevated by 11-fold. This molecular modeling and machine learning-integrated workflow is anticipated to significantly benefit to the Mj. tyrRS mutant screening and substantially reduce the time and cost of web-lab experiment. Besides, this novel process will have broad application in the field of computational protein design.

CCS Concepts* Applied computing * Life and medical sciences * Computational biology * Molecular structural biology
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Duan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.26.174524</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integration of Machine Learning Improves the Prediction Accuracy of Molecular Modelling for M. jannaschii Tyrosyl-tRNA Synthetase Substrate Specificity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.30.177097v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Conformational dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 trimeric spike glycoprotein in complex with receptor ACE2 revealed by cryo-EM 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.30.177097v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The recent outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its rapid international spread pose a global health emergency. The trimeric spike (S) glycoprotein interacts with its receptor human ACE2 to mediate viral entry into host-cells. Here we present cryo-EM structures of an uncharacterized tightly closed SARS-CoV-2 S-trimer and the ACE2-bound-S-trimer at 2.7-Å and 3.8-Å-resolution, respectively. The tightly closed S-trimer with inactivated fusion peptide may represent the ground prefusion state. ACE2 binding to the up receptor-binding domain (RBD) within S-trimer triggers continuous swing-motions of ACE2-RBD, resulting in conformational dynamics of S1 subunits. Noteworthy, SARS-CoV-2 S-trimer appears much more sensitive to ACE2-receptor than SARS-CoV S-trimer in terms of receptor-triggered transformation from the closed prefusion state to the fusion-prone open state, potentially contributing to the superior infectivity of SARS-CoV-2. We defined the RBD T470-T478 loop and residue Y505 as viral determinants for specific recognition of SARS-CoV-2 RBD by ACE2, and provided structural basis of the spike D614G-mutation induced enhanced infectivity. Our findings offer a thorough picture on the mechanism of ACE2-induced conformational transitions of S-trimer from ground prefusion state towards postfusion state, thereby providing important information for development of vaccines and therapeutics aimed to block receptor binding.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuo, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.30.177097</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Conformational dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 trimeric spike glycoprotein in complex with receptor ACE2 revealed by cryo-EM]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.02.182121v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phosphoproteomics Reveals AMPK Substrate Network in Response to DNA Damage and Histone Acetylation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.02.182121v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AMPK is a conservative energy sensor that plays roles in diverse biologic processes via direct phosphorylation on various substrates. Emerging studies have demonstrated the regulatory roles of AMPK in DNA repair, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully understood. Herein, using mass spectrometry-based proteomic technologies, we systematically investigate the regulatory network of AMPK in DNA damage response. Our system-wide phosphoproteome study uncovers a variety of newly-identified potential substrates involved in diverse biologic processes, whereas our system-wide histone modification analysis reveals a linkage between AMPK and histone acetylation. Together with these findings, we discover that AMPK promotes apoptosis by phosphorylating ASPP2 in irradiation-dependent way and regulates histone acetylation by phosphorylating HDAC9 in irradiation-independent way. Besides, we reveal that disturbing the histone acetylation by the bromodomain BRD4 inhibitor JQ-1 enhanced the sensitivity of AMPK-deficient cells to irradiation. Therefore, our studies provided a source to study the phosphorylation and histone acetylation underlying the regulatory network of AMPK, which could be beneficial to understand the exact role of AMPK in DNA damage response.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.02.182121</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phosphoproteomics Reveals AMPK Substrate Network in Response to DNA Damage and Histone Acetylation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.16.203497v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regeneration of Functional Retinal Ganglion Cells by Neuronal Identity Reprogramming 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.16.203497v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons underlies vision loss in glaucoma and various optic neuropathies. There are currently no treatments available to restore lost vision in patients affected by these diseases. Regenerating RGCs and reconnecting the retina to the brain represent an ideal therapeutic strategy; however, mammals do not have a reservoir of retinal stem/progenitor cells poised to produce new neurons in adulthood. Here, we regenerated RGCs in adult mice by direct lineage reprogramming of retinal interneurons. We successfully converted amacrine and displaced amacrine interneurons into RGCs, and observed that regenerated RGCs projected axons into brain retinorecipient areas. They convey visual information to the brain in response to visual stimulation, and are able to transmit electrical signals to postsynaptic neurons, in both normal animals and in a diseased model. The generation of functional RGCs in adult mammals points to a therapeutic strategy for vision restoration in patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, H.-h.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiao, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.16.203497</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regeneration of Functional Retinal Ganglion Cells by Neuronal Identity Reprogramming]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.17.207977v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A single-cell transcriptome atlas of the aging human and macaque retina 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.17.207977v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human retina is a complex neural tissue that detects light and sends visual information to the brain. However, the molecular and cellular processes that underlie aging primate retina remain unclear. Here, we provide a comprehensive transcriptomic atlas based on 119,520 single cells of the foveal and peripheral retina of humans and macaques covering different ages. The molecular features of retinal cells differed between the two species, suggesting the distinct regional and species specializations of the human and macaque retinae. In addition, human retinal aging occurred in a region- and cell-type- specific manner. Aging of human retina exhibited a foveal to peripheral gradient. MYO9A- rods and a horizontal cell subtype were greatly reduced in aging retina, indicating their vulnerability to aging. Moreover, we generated a dataset showing the cell-type- and region- specific gene expression associated with 55 types of human retinal disease, which provides a foundation to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying human retinal diseases. Together, these datasets are valuable for understanding the molecular characteristics of primate retina, as well as the molecular regulation of aging progression and related diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xue, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>zhang, m.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.17.207977</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A single-cell transcriptome atlas of the aging human and macaque retina]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.23.217059v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell transcriptome analysis of the immunosuppressive effect of differential expression of tumor PD-L1 on responding TCR-T cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.23.217059v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PD-L1 expression levels in tumors do not consistently predict cancer patients response to PD-(L)1 inhibitors. We therefore evaluated how tumor PD-L1 levels affect the anti-PD-(L)1 efficacy and T cell function. We used MART-1-specific TCR-T cells (TCR-TMART-1) stimulated with MART-127-35 peptide-loaded MEL-526 tumor cells with different proportions of them expressing PD-L1 to perform cellular assays and high-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing. Compared to control T cells, TCR-TMART-1 were more sensitive to exhaustion and secreted lower pro-inflammatory but higher anti-inflammatory cytokines with increasing proportions of PD-L1+ tumor cells. The colocalization of T cells and tumor cells in gene clusters correlated negatively with the proportion of PD-L1+ tumor cells and positively with immune cell cytotoxicity. Moreover, elevated proportion of PD-L1+ tumor cells increased PD-L1 expression and decreased PD-1 expression on T cells and enhanced T cell death. The expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in T cells and macrophages also correlated positively with COVID-19 severity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ding, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.23.217059</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell transcriptome analysis of the immunosuppressive effect of differential expression of tumor PD-L1 on responding TCR-T cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.23.217620v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Crystal structure of steroid reductase SRD5A reveals conserved steroid reduction mechanism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.23.217620v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Steroid hormones are essential in stress response, immune system regulation, and reproduction in mammals. Steroids with 3-oxo-{Delta}4 structure, such as testosterone, androstenedione and progesterone, could be catalyzed by steroid 5-reductases (SRD5As) to generate their corresponding 3-oxo-5 steroids, which are essential for multiple physiological and pathological processes. Abnormal activities of SRD5As will lead to benign prostatic hyperplasia, alopecia, prostatic cancer or infertility due to the poor quality of sperms. However, the detailed reduction mechanisms of SRD5As remain elusive. Here we report the crystal structure of PbSRD5A, which shares 60.6% and 51.5% sequence similarities with human SRD5A1 and -2 respectively, from Proteobacteria bacterium in complex with the cofactor NADPH at 2.0 [A] resolution. PbSRD5A exists as a monomer comprised of seven transmembrane segments (TMs). The TM1-4 enclose a hydrophobic cavity for steroids substrates binding, whereas TM5-7 coordinate with cofactor NADPH through extensive hydrogen bonds network. Homology-based structural models of HsSRD5A1 and -2, together with extensive biochemical characterizations, for the first time unveiled the substrate recognition of SRD5As and provide an important framework for further understanding of the mechanism of NADPH mediated steroids 3-oxo-{Delta}4 reduction. Based on these analyses, the design of therapeutic molecules targeting SRD5As with improved specificity and therapeutic efficacy would be possible.

One Sentence SummaryStructural and biochemical characterizations decipher the evolutionarily conserved mechanism in steroid 5-reductases catalyzing NADPH mediated steroids reduction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Han, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lv, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.23.217620</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Crystal structure of steroid reductase SRD5A reveals conserved steroid reduction mechanism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.24.220749v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Screening of Botanical Drugs Against Lassa Virus Entry 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.24.220749v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lassa virus (LASV) belongs to the Old World Mammarenavirus genus (family Arenaviridae) and is classified as a category A biological threat agent. At present, there are no approved drugs or vaccines specific for LASV. In this study, high-throughput screening of a botanical drug library was performed against LASV entry using a pseudotype virus bearing the LASV envelope glycoprotein (GPC). Two hit compounds, bergamottin and casticin, were identified as LASV entry inhibitors in the micromolar range. A mechanistic study revealed that casticin inhibited LASV entry by blocking low pH-induced membrane fusion. Adaptive mutant analyses demonstrated that the F446L mutation, located in the transmembrane domain of GP2, conferred resistance to casticin. Furthermore, casticin extended its antiviral spectrum to the New World (NW) pathogenic mammarenaviruses, and mutation of the conserved F446 conferred NW resistance to casticin. Unlike casticin, bergamottin has little effect on LASV GPC-mediated membrane fusion, while it inhibited LASV entry by blocking endocytic trafficking. Our study shows that both bergamottin and casticin are candidates for LASV therapy, indicating that the conserved F446 plays important roles in drug resistance in mammarenaviruses.

IMPORTANCECurrently, there is no approved therapy to treat Lassa fever (LASF); we aimed to find candidates for LASF therapy. Herein, we screened a botanical drug library and identified two compounds, bergamottin and casticin, that inhibited LASV entry via different mechanisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.24.220749</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Screening of Botanical Drugs Against Lassa Virus Entry]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.27.222752v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-Wide Mapping of Cisplatin Damaged Gene Loci 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.27.222752v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cisplatin is a DNA targeting anticancer drug, yet its damaged gene loci have remained unclear. In the present work, combining affinity isolation and high throughput sequencing, we genome-widely mapped 17729 gene loci containing platination lesions, which mainly function as enzymes, transcription regulators, transporters and kinases, and of which 445 genes account for 71% of potential gene targets for cancer therapy reported in the literature. The most related core signaling pathway, disease and tissue toxicity of 7578 genes with an enrichment fold (EFG) of >12, where EFG refers to the ratio of total read counts of a gene detected in cells with and without cisplatin treatment, are sperm motility, cancer and hepatotoxicity with association P values of < 1x10-22. Among 616 kinase genes damaged by cisplatin, 427 are protein kinases which account for 82% of putative protein kinases, suggesting that cisplatin may act as broad-spectrum protein kinase inhibitor. Western Blot assays verified that expression of 8 important protein kinase genes was significantly reduced due to cisplatin damage. SPAG9 is closely related to 147 of 361 cancer diseases which the cisplatin damaged genes are associated with and was severely damaged by cisplatin. Given SPAG9 abundantly expresses JIP-4, a upstream mediator of protein kinase signaling, in testis, it may be responsible for the high sensitivity of testicular cancer to cisplatin, thus being a potential therapeutic target for precise treatment of testicular cancer. These findings provide novel insights into better understanding in molecular mechanism of anticancer activity and toxicity of cisplatin, more importantly inspire further studies in prioritizing gene targets for precise treatment of cancers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.27.222752</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-Wide Mapping of Cisplatin Damaged Gene Loci]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.28.224816v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regulation of specific cell clusters in TCR-T cells responding to differential expression of tumor PD-L1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.28.224816v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PD-L1 signaling is important in regulating T cell function and keeping balance of tumor microenvironment, but its role in modifying TCR-T cell cytotoxicity remains unknown. MART-1-specific TCR-T cells (TCR-TMART-1) were stimulated by MEL-526 tumor cells expressing different proportions of PD-L1 and used to perform cytotoxicity assays and single-cell RNA sequencing. Percentage changes of different specific cell clusters were analyzed. The percentage of cluster HLA-DR+CD38+CD8+ was upregulated after antigen stimulation and tumor PD-L1 modified TCR-T cell function through downregulating the percentages of clusters HLA-DR+CD28+CD8+ and HLA-DR+CD38+CD8+ which were higher in TCR-TMART-1 than in Tnull.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Renpeng, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drmanac, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.28.224816</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regulation of specific cell clusters in TCR-T cells responding to differential expression of tumor PD-L1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.29.226829v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The molecular taxonomy of primate amygdala via single-nucleus RNA-sequencing analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.29.226829v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Amygdala is the central brain region governing emotional responses of mammals. However, the detailed molecular taxonomy of amygdala in higher mammals such as primates is still absent. Here we present the molecular taxonomy of amygdala in rhesus monkeys by single-cell RNA sequencing analysis. We found that there are five major cell types in primate amygdala, glutamatergic neurons, GABAergic neurons, astroglia, oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). Glutamatergic neurons in the primate amygdala exhibits a great diversity comparing to them in the rodent amygdala. In particular, GABAergic neurons in primate amygdala appeared to be quite unique and contain different cellular composition as them in rodent amygdala. The astroglia in primate amygdala contains two more subtypes comparing to astroglia in rodent amygdala. Taken together, although the evolutionary conservation, the molecular taxonomy study of primate amygdala provides critical insights for understanding the cellular architecture of the primate brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.29.226829</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The molecular taxonomy of primate amygdala via single-nucleus RNA-sequencing analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.30.229187v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A dynamic regulatory interface on SARS-CoV-2 RNA polymerase 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.30.229187v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of SARS-CoV-2 is the core machinery responsible for the viral genome replication and transcription and also a major antiviral target. Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of a post-translocated SARS-CoV-2 RdRp core complex, comprising one nsp12, one separate nsp8(I) monomer, one nsp7-nsp8(II) subcomplex and a replicating RNA substrate. Compared with the recently reported SARS-CoV-2 RdRp complexes, the nsp8(I)/nsp7 interface in this RdRp complex shifts away from the nsp12 polymerase. Further functional characterizations suggest that specific interactions between the nsp8(I) and nsp7, together with the rearrangement of nsp8(I)/nsp7 interface, ensure the efficient and processive RNA synthesis by the RdRp complex. Our findings provide a mechanistic insight into how nsp7 and nsp8 cofactors regulate the polymerase activity of nsp12 and suggest a potential new intervention interface, in addition to the canonical polymerase active center, in RdRp for antiviral design.

Author summarySince it was first discovered and reported in late 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by highly contagious SARS-CoV-2 virus is wreaking havoc around the world. Currently, no highly effective and specific antiviral drug is available for clinical treatment. Therefore, the threat of COVID-19 transmission necessitates the discovery of more effective antiviral strategies. Viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is an important antiviral drug target. Here, our cryo-EM structure of a SARS-CoV-2 RdRp/RNA replicating complex reveals a previously uncharacterized overall shift of the cofactor nsp8(I)/nsp7 interface, leading to its rearrangement. Through in vitro functional test, we found that the specific interactions on the interface are important to the efficient RNA polymerase activity of SARS-CoV-2 RdRp. These observations let us to suggest this interface as a potential new drug intervention site, outside of the canonical polymerase active center, in RdRp for antiviral design. Our findings would provide new insights into regulatory mechanism of this novel SARS-CoV-2 RdRp, contribute to the design of antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2, and benefit the global public health.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shi, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.30.229187</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A dynamic regulatory interface on SARS-CoV-2 RNA polymerase]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.03.234542v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Photosynthetic resistance and resilience under drought and rewatering in maize plants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.03.234542v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Abnormally altered precipitation patterns induced by climate change have profound global effects on crop production. However, the plant functional responses to various precipitation regimes remain unclear. Here, greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to determine how maize plant functional traits respond to drought, flooding, and rewatering. Drought and flooding hampered photosynthetic capacity, particularly when severe and/or prolonged. Most photosynthetic traits recovered after rewatering, with few compensatory responses. Rewatering often elicited high photosynthetic resilience in plants exposed to severe drought at the end of plant development, with the response strongly depending on the drought severity/duration and plant growth stage. The associations of chlorophyll concentrations with photosynthetically functional activities were stronger during post-tasselling than pre-tasselling, implying an involvement of leaf age/senescence in responses to episodic drought and subsequent rewatering. Coordinated changes in chlorophyll content, gas exchange, fluorescence parameters (PSII quantum efficiency and photochemical/non-photochemical radiative energy dissipation) possibly contributed to the enhanced drought resistance and resilience and suggested a possible regulative trade-off. These findings provide fundamental insights into how plants regulate their functional traits to deal with sporadic alterations in precipitation. Breeding and management of plants with high resistance and resilience traits could help crop production under future climate change.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.03.234542</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Photosynthetic resistance and resilience under drought and rewatering in maize plants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.06.239723v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Prime editing primarily induces undesired outcomes in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.06.239723v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome editing has transformed biomedical science, but is still unpredictable and often induces undesired outcomes. Prime editing (PE) is a promising new approach due to its proposed flexibility and ability to avoid unwanted indels. Here, we show highly efficient PE-mediated genome editing in mammalian zygotes. Utilizing chemically modified guideRNAs, PE efficiently introduced 10 targeted modifications including substitutions, deletions, and insertions across 6 genes in mouse embryos. However, we unexpectedly observed a high frequency of undesired outcomes such as large deletions and found that these occurred more often than pure intended edits across all of the edits/genes. We show that undesired outcomes result from the double-nicking PE3 strategy, but that omission of the second nick largely ablates PE function. However, sequential double-nicking with PE3b, which is only applicable to a fraction of edits, eliminated undesired outcomes. Overall, our findings demonstrate the promising potential of PE for predictable, flexible, and highly efficient in vivo genome editing, but highlight the need for improved variations of PE before it is ready for widespread use.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aida, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilde, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.06.239723</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Prime editing primarily induces undesired outcomes in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.16.252668v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcription-coupled structural dynamics of topologically associating domains regulate replication origin efficiency 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.16.252668v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metazoan cells only utilize a small subset of the potential DNA replication origins to duplicate the whole genome in each cell cycle. Origin choice is linked to cell growth, differentiation, and replication stress. Despite various genetic and epigenetic signatures are found to be related with active origins, it remains elusive how the selection of origins is determined. The classic Rosette model proposes that the origins clustered in a chromatin domain are preferentially and simultaneously fired, but direct imaging evidence has been lacking due to insufficient spatial resolution. Here, we applied dual-color stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) super-resolution imaging to map the spatial distribution of origins within individual topologically associating domains (TADs). We found that multiple replication origins initiate separately at the spatial boundary of a TAD at the beginning of the S phase, in contrary to the Rosette model. Intriguingly, while both active and dormant origins are distributed homogeneously in the TAD during the G1 phase, active origins relocate to the TAD periphery before entering the S phase. We proved that such origin relocalization is dependent on both transcription and CTCF-mediated chromatin structure. Further, we observed that the replication machinery protein PCNA forms immobile clusters around the TADs at the G1/S transition, which explains why origins at the TAD periphery are preferentially fired. Thus, we propose a "Chromatin Re-organization Induced Selective Initiation" (CRISI) model that the transcription-coupled chromatin structural re-organization determines the selection of replication origins, which transcends the scope of specific genetic and epigenetic signatures for origin efficiency. Our in situ super-resolution imaging unveiled coordination among DNA replication, transcription, and chromatin organization inside individual TADs, providing new insights into the biological functions of sub-domain chromatin structural dynamics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, Q. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>sun, y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.16.252668</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcription-coupled structural dynamics of topologically associating domains regulate replication origin efficiency]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.17.255257v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A novel copper-sensing two-component system for activating Dsb genes in bacteria 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.17.255257v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Copper is an essential element for biological systems but becomes toxic when present in excess. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an important human pathogen, the resistance to copper requires the induction of dsbDEG operon encoding proteins involved in disulfide-bond formation (Dsb). However, it is unknown how the copper stress induces the transcription of the operon. Here, we report that the exogenous copper induces the transcription of the dsbDEG operon through a new copper-sensing two-component system named DsbRS. The dsbRS is divergently transcribed from the dsbDEG operon, and the response regulator DsbR binds to the intergenic region between the operons. In the absence of copper, the sensor kinase DsbS acts as a phosphatase toward DsbR and thus blocks the transcription of the operons. However, in the presence of copper, the metal ion directly binds to the sensor domain of DsbS, for which the Cys82 residue plays a critical role. The copper-binding appears to inhibit the phosphatase activity of DsbS, leading to activation of DsbR. The copper resistance of the dsbRS knock-out mutant was restored by ectopic expression of the dsbDEG operon, confirming the critical role of the operon in the resistance to copper. Strikingly, cognates of dsbRS-dsbDEG pair are widely distributed across eubacteria. Also, a DsbR-binding site, which contains the consensus sequence 5-TAA-N7-TTAAT-3, is detected in the promoter region of dsbDEG homologs in those species. Thus, regulation of Dsb genes by DsbRS represents a novel mechanism by which bacterial cells cope with copper stress.

ImportanceCopper is an essential redox active cofactor that becomes highly cytotoxic when present in excess. Therefore, in order to evade copper toxicity, bacteria must perceive copper stress and tightly regulate genes expression. In the present study, we identify a new copper-sensing two-component system (designated DsbRS) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an important human pathogen. We provide multiple lines of evidence that upon copper binding to the periplasmic domain of DsbS, its phosphatase activity is blocked, and the phosphorylated DsbR directly activates the transcription of a number of copper-induced genes including those involved in protein disulfide-bond formation (Dsb). This study suggests that regulation of Dsb genes by DsbRS may be an underappreciated regulatory mechanism by which bacteria sense and respond to copper.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bae, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.17.255257</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A novel copper-sensing two-component system for activating Dsb genes in bacteria]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.24.260901v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The SARS-CoV-2 Envelope and Membrane proteins modulate maturation and retention of the Spike protein, allowing optimal formation of VLPs in presence of Nucleoprotein 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.24.260901v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a {beta}-coronavirus, is the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. Like for other coronaviruses, its particles are composed of four structural proteins, namely Spike S, Envelope E, Membrane M and Nucleoprotein N proteins. The involvement of each of these proteins and their interplays during the assembly process of this new virus are poorly-defined and are likely {beta}-coronavirus-type different. Therefore, we sought to investigate how SARS-CoV-2 behaves for its assembly by expression assays of S, in combination with E, M and/or N. By combining biochemical and imaging assays, we showed that E and M regulate intracellular trafficking of S and hence its furin-mediated processing. Indeed, our imaging data revealed that S remains at ERGIC or Golgi compartments upon expression of E or M, like for SARS-CoV-2 infected cells. By studying a mutant of S, we showed that its cytoplasmic tail, and more specifically, its C-terminal retrieval motif, is required for the M-mediated retention in the ERGIC, whereas E induces S retention by modulating the cell secretory pathway. We also highlighted that E and M induce a specific maturation of S N-glycosylation, which is observed on particles and lysates from infected cells independently of its mechanisms of intracellular retention. Finally, we showed that both M, E and N are required for optimal production of virus-like-proteins. Altogether, our results indicated that E and M proteins influence the properties of S proteins to promote assembly of viral particles. Our results therefore highlight both similarities and dissimilarities in these events, as compared to other {beta}-coronaviruses.

Author SummaryThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. Its viral particles are composed of four structural proteins, namely Spike S, Envelope E, Membrane M and Nucleoprotein N proteins, though their involvement in the virion assembly remain unknown for this particular coronavirus. Here we showed that presence of E and M influence the localization and maturation of S protein, in term of cleavage and N-glycosylation maturation. Indeed, E protein is able to slow down the cell secretory pathway whereas M-induced retention of S requires the retrieval motif in S C-terminus. We also highlighted that E and M might regulate the N glycosylation maturation of S independently of its intracellular retention mechanism. Finally, we showed that the four structural proteins are required for optimal formation of virus-like particles, highlighting the involvement of N, E and M in assembly of infectious particles. Altogether, our results highlight both similarities and dissimilarities in these events, as compared to other {beta}-coronaviruses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Boson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Legros, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathieu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cosset, F.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavillette, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Denolly, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.24.260901</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The SARS-CoV-2 Envelope and Membrane proteins modulate maturation and retention of the Spike protein, allowing optimal formation of VLPs in presence of Nucleoprotein]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.29.271254v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human Olfactory Perception is Sensitive to Temporal Information within a Single Sniff 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.29.271254v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A sniff in humans typically lasts 1-2 seconds and is considered to produce a "snapshot" of the chemical environment that also sets the temporal resolution of olfactory perception. To examine whether the temporal order of events within a sniff influences the perceptual "snapshot", we devised an apparatus that enabled us to phase-lock odor delivery to sniff onset and precisely manipulate onset asynchronies of odorants in humans. Psychophysical testing showed that participants were able to tell apart two odorants presented in the same or different order when the onset asynchrony was as low as 40 milliseconds. The performance improved with longer onset asynchronies and was not based on the molar ratio difference of the two odorants. Meanwhile, they were consistently at chance in reporting which odorant arrived first. These results provide behavioral evidence that human olfaction is sensitive to temporal patterns within a single sniff and indicate that timing of odor-evoked responses in relation to the sniff contributes to the perceived odor quality.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.29.271254</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human Olfactory Perception is Sensitive to Temporal Information within a Single Sniff]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.30.268433v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dissecting the landscape of activated CMV-stimulated CD4+ T cells in human by linking single-cell RNA-seq with T-cell receptor sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.30.268433v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CD4 T cell is crucial in CMV infection, but its role is still unclear during this process. Here, we present a single-cell RNA-seq together with T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing to screen the heterogenicity and potential function of CMV pp65 reactivated CD4+ T cell subsets from human peripheral blood, and unveil their potential interactions. Notably, Treg composed the major part of these reactivated cells. Treg gene expression data revealed multiple transcripts of both inflammatory and inhibitory functions. Additionally, we describe the detailed phenotypes of CMV-reactivated effector-memory (Tem), cytotoxic T (CTL), and naive T cells at the single-cell resolution, and implied the direct derivation of CTL from naive CD4+ T cells. By analyzing the TCR repertoire, we identified a clonality in stimulated Tem and CTLs, and a tight relationship of Tem and CTL showing a large share in TCR. This study provides clues for understanding the function of CD4+ T cells subsets and unveils their interaction in CMV infection, and may promote the development of CMV immunotherapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lyu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.30.268433</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dissecting the landscape of activated CMV-stimulated CD4+ T cells in human by linking single-cell RNA-seq with T-cell receptor sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.09.288704v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Small molecules inhibit SARS-COV-2 induced aberrant inflammation and viral replication in mice by targeting S100A8/A9-TLR4 axis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.09.288704v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic poses an unprecedented public health crisis. Accumulating evidences suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection causes dysregulation of immune system. However, the unique signature of early immune responses remains elusive. We characterized the transcriptome of rhesus macaques and mice infected with SARS-CoV-2. Alarmin S100A8 was robustly induced by SARS-CoV-2 in animal models as well as in COVID-19 patients. Paquinimod, a specific inhibitor of S100A8/A9, could reduce inflammatory response and rescue the pneumonia with substantial reduction of viral titers in SASR-CoV-2 infected animals. Remarkably, Paquinimod treatment resulted in 100% survival of mice in a lethal model of mouse coronavirus (MHV) infection. A novel group of neutrophils that contributed to the uncontrolled inflammation and onset of COVID-19 were dramatically induced by coronavirus infections. Paquinimod treatment could reduce these neutrophils and regain antiviral responses, unveiling key roles of S100A8/A9 and noncanonical neutrophils in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, highlighting new opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guo, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>You, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.09.288704</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Small molecules inhibit SARS-COV-2 induced aberrant inflammation and viral replication in mice by targeting S100A8/A9-TLR4 axis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.13.295063v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ERWR: Predicting Efficacious Drug Combinations in Cancer Based on Random Walk with Restart 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.13.295063v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
(1) BackgroundCompared with monotherapy, efficacious drug combinations can increase the therapeutic effect, decrease drug resistance of experimental subjects and the side effects of drugs. Therefore, efficacious drug combinations are widely used in the treatment of complex diseases, such as various cancers. However, compared with the mathematical model and computational method, experimental screening efficacious drug combinations is time-consuming, costly, laborious, and inefficient;

(2) Methodswe predicted efficacious drug combinations in cancer based on random walk with restart (RWRDC). An efficacious score can be obtained between any two individual drugs by RWRDC;

(3) ResultsAs a result, we analyzed the rationality of the efficacious score first. Besides, compared with the other methods by leave-one-out cross-validation, all the Area Under Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves (AUROCs) of RWRDC were higher for data sets of breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and lung cancer. Moreover, the case study of breast cancer showed that RWRDC could discover potential efficacious drug combinations;

(4) ConclusionsThese results suggest that RWRDC is a novel way to discover efficacious drug combinations in cancer, which provides new prospects for cancer treatment. Furthermore, RWRDC is a semi-supervised learning framework that can be used to predict combinations of drugs for other complex diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.13.295063</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ERWR: Predicting Efficacious Drug Combinations in Cancer Based on Random Walk with Restart]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.14.295808v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mapping Mouse Behavior with an Unsupervised Spatio-temporal Sequence Decomposition Framework 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.14.295808v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Animal behavior usually has a hierarchical structure and dynamics. Therefore, to understand how the neural system coordinates with behaviors, neuroscientists need a quantitative description of the hierarchical dynamics of different behaviors. However, the recent end-to-end machine-learning-based methods for behavior analysis mostly focus on recognizing behavioral identities on a static timescale or based on limited observations. These approaches usually lose rich dynamic information on cross-scale behaviors. Inspired by the natural structure of animal behaviors, we addressed this challenge by proposing a novel parallel and multi-layered framework to learn the hierarchical dynamics and generate an objective metric to map the behavior into the feature space. In addition, we characterized the animal 3D kinematics with our low-cost and efficient multi-view 3D animal motion-capture system. Finally, we demonstrated that this framework could monitor spontaneous behavior and automatically identify the behavioral phenotypes of the transgenic animal disease model. The extensive experiment results suggest that our framework has a wide range of applications, including animal disease model phenotyping and the relationships modeling between the neural circuits and behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.14.295808</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mapping Mouse Behavior with an Unsupervised Spatio-temporal Sequence Decomposition Framework]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.20.305029v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-nucleus RNA-seq resolves spatiotemporal developmental trajectories in the tomato shoot apex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.20.305029v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single cell transcriptomics is revolutionizing our understanding of development and response to environmental cues1-3. Recent advances in single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology have enabled profiling gene expression pattern of heterogenous tissues and organs at single cellular level and have been widely applied in human and animal research4,5. Nevertheless, the existence of cell walls significantly encumbered its application in plant research. Protoplasts have been applied for scRNA-seq analysis, but mostly restricted to tissues amenable for wall digestion, such as root tips6-10. However, many cell types are resistant to protoplasting, and protoplasting may yield ectopic gene expression and bias proportions of cell types. Here we demonstrate a method with minimal artifacts for high-throughput single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-Seq) that we use to profile tomato shoot apex cells. The obtained high-resolution expression atlas identifies numerous distinct cell types covering major shoot tissues and developmental stages, delineates developmental trajectories of mesophyll cells, vasculature cells, epidermal cells, and trichome cells. In addition, we identify key developmental regulators and reveal their hierarchy. Collectively, this study demonstrates the power of snRNA-seq to plant research and provides an unprecedented spatiotemporal gene expression atlas of heterogeneous shoot cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tian, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.20.305029</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-nucleus RNA-seq resolves spatiotemporal developmental trajectories in the tomato shoot apex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.28.316091v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regulation of lipid accumulation-induced ROS in myeloid-derived suppressor cells via targeting fatty-acid transport protein 2 enhanced anti-PD-L1 tumor immunotherapy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.28.316091v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite the remarkable success and efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy against the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, it induces sustained responses in a sizeable minority of cancer patients due to the activation of immunosuppressive factors such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Inhibiting the immunosuppressive function of MDSCs is critical for successful cancer ICB therapy. Interestingly, lipid metabolism is a crucial factor in modulating MDSCs function. Fatty acid transport protein 2 (FATP2) conferred the function of PMN-MDSCs in cancer via the upregulation of arachidonic acid metabolism. However, whether regulating lipid accumulation in MDSCs by targeting FATP2 could block MDSCs reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and enhance PD-L1 blockade-mediated tumor immunotherapy remains unexplored. Here we report that FATP2 regulated lipid accumulation, ROS, and immunosuppressive function of MDSCs in tumor-bearing mice. Tumor cells-derived granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) induced FATP2 expression in MDSCs by activation of STAT3 signaling pathway. Pharmaceutical blockade of FATP2 expression in MDSCs by lipofermata decreased lipid accumulation, reduced ROS, blocked immunosuppressive activity, and consequently inhibited tumor growth. More importantly, lipofermata inhibition of FATP2 in MDSCs enhanced anti-PD-L1 tumor immunotherapy via the upregulation of CD107a and reduced PD-L1 expression on tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T-cells. Furthermore, the combination therapy blocked MDSCs suppressive role on T-cells thereby enhanced T-cells ability for the production of IFN-{gamma}. These findings indicate that FATP2 plays a key role in modulating lipid-induced ROS in MDSCs and targeting FATP2 in MDSCs provides a novel therapeutic approach to enhance anti-PD-L1 cancer immunotherapy.

Research highlightsO_LIFATP2 inhibition in MDSCs blocked ROS-mediated immunosuppressive function and promoted MDSCs differentiation to immune-stimulatory phenotype.
C_LIO_LIGM-CSF mediated FATP2 expression via activation of STAT3 signaling leading to lipid accumulation-induced ROS in MDSCs.
C_LIO_LIFATP2 inhibition enhanced anti-PD-L1 tumor immunotherapy by reducing MDSCs immunosuppressive activity in blocking T-cells ability to produce IFN-{gamma}.
C_LIO_LICombination of anti-PD-L1 antibody and FATP2 inhibitor decreased MDSCs accumulation and PD-L1 surface expression in the spleens of LLC-bearing mice.
C_LIO_LICombined treatment of FATP2 inhibitor and PD-L1 blockade-mediated tumor immunotherapy enhanced tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells activation via increased CD107a and reduced PD-L1 surface expression.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Adeshakin, A. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adeshakin, F. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Afolabi, L. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.28.316091</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regulation of lipid accumulation-induced ROS in myeloid-derived suppressor cells via targeting fatty-acid transport protein 2 enhanced anti-PD-L1 tumor immunotherapy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.29.319855v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effects of N-linked glycan of Lassa Virus Envelope Glycoprotein on the Immune Response 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.29.319855v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lassa virus (LASV) belongs to the Mammarenavirus genus (family Arenaviridae) and causes severe hemorrhagic fever in humans. The glycoprotein precursor (GPC) contains eleven N-linked glycans that play essential roles in GPC functionalities such as cleavage, transport, receptor recognition, epitope shielding, and immune response. We used three mutagenesis strategies to abolish the individual glycan chains on the GPC and found that all three mutations led to cleavage inefficiency on the 2nd, 5th, and 8th glycosylation motifs. To evaluate N to Q mutagenesis for further research, it was found that deletion of the 2nd and 8th glycans completely inhibited the infectivity. We further investigated the role of glycans on GPC-mediated immune response by DNA immunization of mice. Deletion of the individual 1st, 3rd, 5th and 6th glycans significantly enhanced the proportion of effector CD4+ cells, whereas deletion of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th 5th, 6th, and 9th glycans enhanced the proportion of CD8+ effector T cells. Deletion of specific glycans improves the Th1-type immune response, and abolishment of glycan on GPC generally increases the antibody titer to the glycan-deficient GPC. However, the antibodies from either the mutant or WT GPC-immunized mice show little neutralization effect on wild-type LASV. The glycan residues on GPC provide an immune shield for the virus, and thus represent a target for the design and development of a vaccine.

ImportanceAt present, there are no Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs or vaccines specific for LASV. Similar to other enveloped viruses with a heavy glycan shield, the N-linked glycans of LASV make it difficult for effector T cells and neutralization antibodies to access the glycoprotein epitope. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the individual glycan chains on GPC-mediated immune response, and found that deletion of the glycan improves the proportion of effector T cells, improving the Th1-type immune response, and increasing the antibody titer to the WT and mutant GPC, which may be beneficial to vaccine design and development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.29.319855</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effects of N-linked glycan of Lassa Virus Envelope Glycoprotein on the Immune Response]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.08.332379v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ATF6 aggravates angiogenesis-osteogenesis coupling during ankylosing spondylitis by mediating FGF2 expression in chondrocytes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.08.332379v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although angiogenesis-osteogenesis coupling is important in ankylosing spondylitis (AS), therapeutic agents targeting the vasculature remain elusive. Here, we identified activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) as an important regulator of angiogenesis in AS patients. Firstly, we found that ATF6 and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) levels were higher in SKG mice and AS patient cartilage. The pro-angiogenic ability of human chondrocytes was enhanced through activated ATF6-FGF2 axis following long-term stimulation with inflammatory factors, e.g. TNF-, IFN-{gamma} or IL-17.

Mechanistically, ATF6 interacted with the FGF2 promotor and promoted its transcription. Treatment with the ATF6 inhibitor Ceapin-A7 inhibited angiogenesis in vitro and angiogenesis-osteogenesis coupling in vivo. ATF6 may aggravate angiogenesis-osteogenesis coupling during AS by mediating FGF2 transcription in chondrocytes, implying that ATF6 represents a promising therapeutic target for AS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ma, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sui, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.08.332379</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ATF6 aggravates angiogenesis-osteogenesis coupling during ankylosing spondylitis by mediating FGF2 expression in chondrocytes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.18.342451v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Construction of a third NAD+ de novo biosynthesis pathway 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.18.342451v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Only two de novo biosynthetic routes to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) have been described, both of which start from a proteinogenic amino acid and are tightly controlled. Here we establish a C3N pathway starting from chorismate in Escherichia coli as a third NAD+ de novo biosynthesis pathway. Significantly, the C3N pathway yielded extremely high cellular concentrations of NAD(H) in E. coli. Its utility in cofactor engineering was demonstrated by introducing the four-gene C3N module to cell factories to achieve higher production of 2,5-dimethylpyrazine and develop an efficient C3N-based whole-cell bioconversion system for preparing chiral amines. The wide distribution and abundance of chorismate in most kingdoms of life implies a general utility of the C3N pathway for modulating cellular levels of NAD(H) in versatile organisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ding, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horsman, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.18.342451</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Construction of a third NAD+ de novo biosynthesis pathway]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.19.344887v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Proteomics study of colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps identifies TFR1, SAHH, and HV307 as potential biomarkers for screening 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.19.344887v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignant tumour with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Efficient screening strategies for CRC and pre-cancerous lesions will promote early medical intervention and treatment, thus reducing morbidity and mortality. Proteins are generally considered key biomarkers of cancer. Herein, we performed a quantitative, tissue-original proteomics study in a cohort of ninety patients from pre-cancerous to cancerous conditions by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 134,812 peptides, 8,697 proteins, 2,355 (27.08%) union differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), and 409 shared DEPs (compared with adjacent tissues) were identified. The number of DEPs showed a positive correlation with increasing severity of illness. The union and shared DEPs were both enriched in the KEGG pathway of focal adhesion, metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, and drug metabolism - cytochrome P450. Among the 2,355 union DEPs, 32 were selected for identification and validation by multiple reaction monitoring from twenty plasma specimens. Of these, three proteins, transferrin receptor protein 1 (TFR1), adenosylhomocysteinase (SAHH), and immunoglobulin heavy variable 3-7 (HV307), were significantly differentially expressed and displayed the same expression pattern in plasma as observed in the tissue data. In conclusion, TFR1, SAHH, and HV307 may be considered as potential biomarkers for screening of CRC.

SignificanceCRC is a malignant tumour with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Efficient screening strategies for CRC and pre-cancerous lesions can play an important role in addressing the issue of high morbidity and mortality. Screening of molecular biomarkers provide a non-invasive, cost-effective and effective approach. Proteins are generally considered key molecular biomarkers of cancer. Our study reports a quantitative proteomics analysis of protein biomarkers for colorectal cancer (CRC) and adenomatous polyps and identifies TFR1, SAHH, and HV307 as potential biomarkers for screening. The research makes a significant contribution to the literature because whereas mass spectrometry-based proteomics research has been widely used for clinical research, its application to clinical translation is lacking as parallel specimens ranging from pre-cancerous to cancerous tissues, according to the degree of disease progression, have not been readily assessed.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.19.344887</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Proteomics study of colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps identifies TFR1, SAHH, and HV307 as potential biomarkers for screening]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.26.356279v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic determinants of COVID-19 drug efficacy revealed by genome-wide CRISPR screens 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.26.356279v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Immunomodulatory agents dexamethasone and colchicine, antiviral drugs remdesivir, favipiravir and ribavirin, as well as antimalarial drugs chloroquine phosphate and hydroxychloroquine are currently used in the combat against COVID-191-16. However, whether some of these drugs have clinical efficacy for COVID-19 is under debate. Moreover, these drugs are applied in COVID-19 patients with little knowledge of genetic biomarkers, which will hurt patient outcome. To answer these questions, we designed a screen approach that could employ genome-wide sgRNA libraries to systematically uncover genes crucial for these drugs action. Here we present our findings, including genes crucial for the import, export, metabolic activation and inactivation of remdesivir, as well as genes that regulate colchicine and dexamethasones immunosuppressive effects. Our findings provide preliminary information for developing urgently needed genetic biomarkers for these drugs. Such biomarkers will help better interpret COVID-19 clinical trial data and point to how to stratify COVID-19 patients for proper treatment with these drugs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lv, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.26.356279</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic determinants of COVID-19 drug efficacy revealed by genome-wide CRISPR screens]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.03.367532v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell Multi-omics reveal heterogeneity and metastasis potential in different liver cancer cell lines 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.03.367532v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant neo-plasm with a high recurrence and metastatic rate, accounted for poor prognosis. Commonly existed heterogeneity is concerned with neoplasia, cancer progression, therapeutic resistance and metastasis is the principal cause of cancer lethality. As development of multi-omics methods in single-cell technology provides multi-faceted insight into disease processes in the era of precision medicine. Here, we interrogated single-cell transcriptomes, proteomes and epigenetic information, revealing metastasis potential heterogeneity in 5 HCC cell lines across different metastasis capacity. We confirmed that higher mesenchymal (M) status but not proliferation rate was associated with stronger metastasis ability of cell lines. Besides, we identified a subgroup being common in several cell lines, showing a higher hypoxic signature. A gene set involving 14 genes were chosen to represent the hypoxia state, much consistent than previous reported gene set, and showed worse prognosis association in TCGA data. This hypoxic subgroup prefers glycolysis metabolism than OXPO, and showed non-cycling, quiescent state which could be resistant to many proliferation-targeting drugs. Our results provide a comprehensive understanding of characteristic associated with metastasis capacity of HCC cell line, which will guide the metastasis mechanism study of HCC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.03.367532</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell Multi-omics reveal heterogeneity and metastasis potential in different liver cancer cell lines]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.06.370676v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies selected from a human antibody library constructed decades ago 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.06.370676v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Combinatorial antibody libraries not only effectively reduce antibody discovery to a numbers game, but enable documentation of the history of antibody responses in an individual. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has prompted a wider application of this technology to meet the public health challenge of pandemic threats in the modern era. Herein, we used a combinatorial human antibody library constructed 20 years before the COVID-19 pandemic to discover three highly potent antibodies that selectively bind SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and neutralize authentic SARS-CoV-2 virus. Compared to neutralizing antibodies from COVID-19 patients with generally low somatic hypermutation (SHM), these antibodies contain over 13-22 SHMs, many of which are involved in specific interactions in crystal structures with SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD. The identification of these somatically mutated antibodies in a pre-pandemic library raises intriguing questions about the origin and evolution of human immune responses to SARS-CoV-2.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qiang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harding, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Min, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.-C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert-Jaramillo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saxena, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dwek, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lerner, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.06.370676</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies selected from a human antibody library constructed decades ago]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.06.371641v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Resuscitation of soil microbiota after > 70-years of desiccation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.06.371641v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The abundance and diversity of bacteria in 24 historical soil samples under air-dried storage conditions for more than 70 years were assessed by quantification and high-throughput sequencing analysis of 16S rRNA genes. All soils contained a measurable abundance of bacteria varying from 103 to 108 per gram of soil and contrasting community compositions were observed in different background soils, suggesting that the bacteria detected were indigenous to the soil. Following a 4-week soil rewetting event, the bacterial abundance significantly increased in soils, indicating strong adaptation of soil bacteria to extreme osmotic change and high resuscitation potential of some bacteria over long periods of desiccation. Paenibacillus, Cohnella and two unclassified Bacillales genera within the phylum Firmicutes represented the most ubiquitously active taxa, which showed growth in the highest number of soils ([&ge;]12 soils), while genera Tumebacillus, Alicyclobacillus and Brevibacillus in the phylum Firmicutes displayed the highest growth rates in soils (with >1000-fold average increase) following rewetting. Additionally, some Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria genera showed relatively high activity following rewetting, suggesting that the resilience to long-term desiccation and rewetting is a common trait across phylogenetically divergent microbes. The present study thus demonstrated that diversified groups of microbes are present and potentially active in historically desiccated soils, which might be of importance in the context of microbial ecology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.06.371641</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Resuscitation of soil microbiota after > 70-years of desiccation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.17.378992v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The expression of PDCD1 and CD274 in T cells and macrophages correlated positively with COVID-19 severity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.17.378992v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The immune responses underlying the infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remain unclear. To help understand the pathology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemics, public data were analyzed and the expression of PDCD1 (encoding PD-1) and CD274 (encoding PD-L1) in T cells and macrophages were identified to correlate positively with COVID-19 severity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.17.378992</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The expression of PDCD1 and CD274 in T cells and macrophages correlated positively with COVID-19 severity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.17.387647v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human fecal microbiota is associated with colorectal cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.17.387647v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers. In recent studies, the gut microbiota has been reported to be potentially involved in aggravating or favoring CRC development. However, little is known about the microbiota composition in CRC patients after treatment. In this study, we explored the fecal microbiota composition to obtain a periscopic view of gut microbial communities. We analyzed microbial 16S rRNA genes from 107 fecal samples of Chinese individuals from three groups, including 33 healthy individuals (Normal), 38 CRC patients (Fa), and 36 CRC post-surgery patients (Fb).

ResultsSpecies richness and diversity were decreased in the Fa and Fb groups compared with that of the Normal group. Partial least squares discrimination analysis showed clustering of samples according to disease with an obvious separation between the Fa and Normal, and Fb and Normal groups, as well as a partial separation between the Fa and Fb groups. Based on linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis and a receiver operating characteristic model, Fusobacterium was suggested as a potential biomarker for CRC screening. Additionally, we found that surgery greatly reduced the bacterial diversity of microbiota in CRC patients. Some commensal beneficial bacteria of the intestinal canal, such as Faecalibacterium and Prevotella, were decreased, whereas the drug-resistant Enterococcus was visibly increased in CRC post-surgery group. Meanwhile, we observed a declining tendency of Fusobacterium in the majority of follow-up CRC patients who were still alive approximately 3 y after surgery. We also observed that beneficial bacteria dramatically decreased in CRC patients that recidivated or died after surgery. This revealed that important bacteria might be associated with prognosis.

ConclusionsThe fecal bacterial diversity was diminished in CRC patients compared with that in healthy individuals. Enrichment and depletion of several bacterial strains associated with carcinomas and inflammation were detected in CRC samples. Fusobacterium might be a potential biomarker for early screening of CRC in Chinese or Asian populations. In summary, this study indicated that fecal microbiome-based approaches could be a feasible method for detecting CRC and monitoring prognosis post-surgery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.17.387647</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human fecal microbiota is associated with colorectal cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.24.395426v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Optimization of Spectral Library Size Improves DIA-MS Proteome Coverage 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.24.395426v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Efficient peptide and protein identification from data-independent acquisition mass spectrometric (DIA-MS) data typically rely on an experiment-specific spectral library with a suitable size. Here, we report a computational strategy for optimizing the spectral library for a specific DIA dataset based on a comprehensive spectral library, which is accomplished by a priori analysis of the DIA dataset. This strategy achieved up to 44.7% increase in peptide identification and 38.1% increase in protein identification in the test dataset of six colorectal tumor samples compared with the comprehensive pan-human library strategy. We further applied this strategy to 389 carcinoma samples from 15 tumor datasets and observed up to 39.2% increase in peptide identification and 19.0% increase in protein identification. In summary, we present a computational strategy for spectral library size optimization to achieve deeper proteome coverage of DIA-MS data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ge, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.24.395426</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Optimization of Spectral Library Size Improves DIA-MS Proteome Coverage]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.27.401950v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Predicting Brain Regions Related to Alzheimer's Disease Based on Global Feature 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.27.401950v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alzheimers disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly, early diagnosis and timely treatment are very important to delay the course of the disease. In the past, most of the brain regions related to AD were identified based on the imaging method, which can only identify some atrophic brain regions. In this work, we used mathematical models to find out the potential brain regions related to AD. First, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used to construct the brain structural network. Next, we set a new local feature index 2hop-connectivity to measure the correlation among different areas. The 2hop-connectivity utilizes the higher-order information of the graph structure relative to the traditional graph theory metrics. And for this, we proposed a novel algorithm named 2hopRWR to measure 2hop-connectivity. At last, we proposed a new index GFS (Global Feature Score) based on a global feature by combing 5 local features: degree centrality, betweenness centrality, closeness centrality, the number of maximal cliques, and 2hop-connectivity, to judge which brain regions are likely related to Alzheimers Disease. As a result, all the top ten brain regions in the GFS scoring difference between the AD group and the non-AD group were related to AD by literature verification. Literature validation results comparing GFS with local features showed that GFS outperforms individual local features. Finally, the results of the canonical correlation analysis showed that the GFS was significantly correlated with the scores of the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scale and the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) scale. So, we believe the GFS can also be used as a new index to assist in diagnosis and objective monitoring of disease progression. Besides, the method proposed in this paper can be used as a differential network analysis method in other areas of network analysis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.27.401950</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Predicting Brain Regions Related to Alzheimer's Disease Based on Global Feature]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.07.415471v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Caerulomycin and Collismycin Antibiotics Share a trans Flavin-Dependent Assembly Line for 2,2-Bipyridine Formation and Sulfur Fate Differentiation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.07.415471v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Linear nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) and polyketide synthases (PKSs) template the modular biosynthesis of numerous nonribosomal peptides, polyketides and their hybrids though assembly line chemistry. This chemistry can be complex and highly varied, and thus challenges the understanding in the diverse polymerization processes of amino acid and carboxylate monomers programmed by various NRPSs and PKSs in nature. Here, we report that caerulomycin and collismycin peptide-polyketide hybrid antibiotics share an unusual assembly line that involves NRPS activity to recruit a flavoprotein acting in trans and catalyze C-C bond formation and heterocyclization during 2,2-bipyridine formation. Simultaneously, this assembly line provides dethiolated and thiolated 2,2-bipyridine intermediates through differential treatment of the sulfhydryl group arising from L-cysteine incorporation. Subsequent L-leucine extension, which does not contribute any atoms to either caerulomycins or collismycins, plays a key role in sulfur fate determination by selectively advancing one of the two 2,2-bipyridine intermediates down a path to the final products with or without sulfur decoration. These findings further the appreciation of assembly line chemistry and will facilitate the development of related molecules using synthetic biology approaches.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>pang, b.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>liao, r.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>tang, z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>guo, s.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>wu, z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>liu, w.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.07.415471</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Caerulomycin and Collismycin Antibiotics Share a trans Flavin-Dependent Assembly Line for 2,2-Bipyridine Formation and Sulfur Fate Differentiation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.09.417626v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-throughput Single-cell CNV Detection Reveals Clonal Evolution During Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.09.417626v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-cell genomics provides substantial resources for dissecting cellular heterogeneity and cancer evolution, but classical DNA amplification-based methods are low-throughput and introduce coverage bias during sample preamplification. We developed a single-cell DNA library preparation method without preamplification in nanolitre scale (scDPN). The method has a throughput of up to 1,800 cells per run for copy number variation (CNV) detection. Also, it has a lower level of amplification bias and noise than the multiple displacement amplification (MDA) method and showed high sensitivity and accuracy based on evaluation in cell lines and tumour tissues. We used this approach to profile the tumour clones in paired primary and relapsed tumour samples of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We identified 3 clonal subpopulations with a multitude of aneuploid alterations across the genome. Furthermore, we observed that a minor clone of the primary tumour containing additional alterations in chromosomes 1q, 10q, and 14q developed into the dominant clone in the recurrent tumour, indicating clonal selection during recurrence in HCC. Overall, this approach provides a comprehensive and scalable solution to understand genome heterogeneity and evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dean, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.09.417626</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-throughput Single-cell CNV Detection Reveals Clonal Evolution During Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.10.420760v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HRWR: Predicting Potential Efficacious Drug Combination Based on Hypergraph Random Walk with Restart 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.10.420760v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Some studies have shown that efficacious drug combination can increase the therapeutic effect, and decrease drug toxicity and side-effects. Thus, drug combinations have been widely used in the treatment of complex diseases, especially cancer. However, experiment-based methods are extremely costly in time and money. Computational models can greatly reduce the cost, but most of the models do not use the data of more than two drugs and lose a lot of useful information. Here, we used high-order drug combination information and developed a hypergraph random walk with restart model (HRWR) for efficacious drug combination prediction.

As a result, compared with the other methods by leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV), the Area Under Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUROC) of the HRWR algorithm were higher than others. Moreover, the case studies of lung cancer, breast cancer, and colorectal cancer showed that HRWR had a powerful ability to predict potential efficacious combinations, which provides new prospects for cancer treatment. The code and dataset of HRWR are freely available at https://github.com/wangqi27/HRWR.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.10.420760</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HRWR: Predicting Potential Efficacious Drug Combination Based on Hypergraph Random Walk with Restart]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.15.422996v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanism through which retrocyclin targets flavivirus multiplication 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.15.422996v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Currently, there are no approved drugs for the treatment of flavivirus infection. Accordingly, we tested the inhibitory effects of the novel {theta}-defensin retrocyclin-101 (RC-101) against flavivirus infection, and investigated the mechanism underlying the potential inhibitory effects. First, RC-101 robustly inhibited both Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) infections. RC-101 exerted inhibitory effects on the entry and replication stages. Results also indicated that the non-structural protein NS2B-NS3 serine protease might serve as a potential viral target. Further, RC-101 inhibited protease activity at the micromolar level. We also demonstrated that with respect to the glycoprotein E protein of flavivirus, the DE loop of domain III, which is the receptor-binding domain of the E protein, might serve as another viral target of RC-101. Moreover, a JEV DE mutant exhibited resistance to RC-101, which was associated with deceased binding affinity of RC-101 to DIII. These findings provide a basis for the development of RC-101 as a potential candidate for the treatment of flavivirus infection.

ImportanceRC has been reported to have a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. In this study, we firstly report that RC-101 could inhibit ZIKV and JEV infections. Moreover, both the NS2B-NS3 serine protease and the DE loop in the E glycoprotein might serve as the viral targets of RC-101.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jia, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>yuan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garzino-Demo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.15.422996</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanism through which retrocyclin targets flavivirus multiplication]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.16.422677v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 3CL-Pro enzymatic activity using a small molecule in-vitro repurposing screen 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.16.422677v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Compound repurposing is an important strategy for the identification of effective treatment options against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease. In this regard, SARS-CoV-2 main protease (3CL-Pro), also termed M-Pro, is an attractive drug target as it plays a central role in viral replication by processing the viral polyproteins pp1a and pp1ab at multiple distinct cleavage sites. We here report the results of a repurposing program involving 8.7 K compounds containing marketed drugs, clinical and preclinical candidates, and small molecules regarded as safe in humans. We confirmed previously reported inhibitors of 3CL-Pro, and have identified 62 additional compounds with IC50 values below 1 M and profiled their selectivity towards Chymotrypsin and 3CL-Pro from the MERS virus. A subset of 8 inhibitors showed anti-cytopathic effect in a Vero-E6 cell line and the compounds thioguanosine and MG-132 were analysed for their predicted binding characteristics to SARS-CoV-2 3CL-Pro. The X-ray crystal structure of the complex of myricetin and SARS-Cov-2 3CL-Pro was solved at a resolution of 1.77 [A], showing that myricetin is covalently bound to the catalytic Cys145 and therefore inhibiting its enzymatic activity.

Graphical abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=154 SRC="FIGDIR/small/422677v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (41K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@17ca2aeorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@19c5159org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1a0adf6org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1fd05cd_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG O_FLOATNOAbstract Figure.C_FLOATNO Workflow for identification and profiling of inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 3CL-Pro using a large scale repurposing and bioactive compound collection (rhs). Primary assay principle based on quenched FRET peptide substrate of SARS-CoV-2 3CL-Pro (lhs). Inhibiting compounds reduce fluorescence signal relative to DMSO controls. Hit profiling using X-ray.

C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kuzikov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Costanzi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reinshagen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esposito, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vangeel, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolf, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellinger, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Claussen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geisslinger, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corona, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iaconis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Talarico, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manelfi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cannalire, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rossetti, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gossen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albani, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Musiani, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herzog, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giabbai, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demitri, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jochmans, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Jonghe, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rymenants, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Summa, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tramontano, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beccari, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leyssen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Storici, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neyts, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gribbon, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaliani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.16.422677</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 3CL-Pro enzymatic activity using a small molecule in-vitro repurposing screen]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.18.423427v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein interacts with and activates TLR4 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.18.423427v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The onset of sepsis is an important feature of COVID19 and a main cause of death. It is unknown how SARS-CoV-2 infection results in viral sepsis in human. We recently found that SARS-CoV-2 provoked an anti-bacterial like response and activation of TLR4 pathway at the very early stage of infection in animal models. This abnormal immune response led to emergency granulopoiesis and sepsis. However, the original trigger of TLR4 signaling by SARS-CoV-2 is unknown. We here identified that the trimeric spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 could bind to TLR4 directly and robustly activate downstream signaling in monocytes and neutrophils. Moreover, specific TLR4 or NFKB inhibitor, or knockout of MyD88 could significantly block IL-1B induction by spike protein. We thus reveal that spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 functions as a potent stimulus causing TLR4 activation and sepsis related abnormal responses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>You, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.18.423427</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2 spike protein interacts with and activates TLR4]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.20.423716v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-resolution Cell Atlas of Pig Lung and Online Platform Exploring for Lung Single Cell 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.20.423716v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Due to the comparable organ sizes and physiology to human beings, genetically engineered pig is gradually regarded as an optimal source of human for transplantation and an excellent model for human diseases research. The major barrier between pig and human is mainly cellular heterogeneity and immune incompatibilities. Myriad scRNA-seq data of human has been reported, but the counterpart in pig is scarce. Here, we applied scRNA-seq technology to study the cellular heterogeneity of 3 months old pig lungs, generating the single-cell atlas of 13,580 cells covering 16 major cell types. Based on this data, we systematically characterized transcription factor regulatory networks, cell-cell communications in each cell type, and comparison of them and those in human lung. We first presented a comprehensive and openly accessible online platform, ScdbLung, which was composed of three functional modules (Marker, Cluster, and Download) and dedicated to exploiting the valuable resources of lung scRNA-seq data across four mammalian species. Overall, our scRNA-seq atlas of domestic pig lung, conserved transcription factor regulatory networks and cell-cell communications between domestic pig and human, and ScdbLung could provide guidance for porcine lung research and clinical applicability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.20.423716</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-resolution Cell Atlas of Pig Lung and Online Platform Exploring for Lung Single Cell]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.22.424042v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Conversion between 100-million-year-old duplicated genes contributes to rice subspecies divergence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.22.424042v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Extensive sequence similarity between duplicated gene pairs produced by paleo-polyploidization may result from illegitimate recombination between homologous chromosomes. The genomes of Asian cultivated rice Xian/indica (XI) and Geng/japonica (GJ) have recently been updated, providing new opportunities for investigating on-going gene conversion events. Using comparative genomics and phylogenetic analyses, we evaluated gene conversion rates between duplicated genes produced by polyploidization 100 million years ago (mya) in GJ and XI. At least 5.19%-5.77% of genes duplicated across three genomes were affected by whole-gene conversion after the divergence of GJ and XI at ~0.4 mya, with more (7.77%-9.53%) showing conversion of only gene portions. Independently converted duplicates surviving in genomes of different subspecies often used the same donor genes. On-going gene conversion frequency was higher near chromosome termini, with a single pair of homoeologous chromosomes 11 and 12 in each genome most affected. Notably, on-going gene conversion has maintained similarity between very ancient duplicates, provided opportunities for further gene conversion, and accelerated rice divergence. Chromosome rearrangement after polyploidization may result in gene loss, providing a basis for on-going gene conversion, and may have contributed directly to restricted recombination/conversion between homoeologous regions. Gene conversion affected biological functions associated with multiple genes, such as catalytic activity, implying opportunities for interaction among members of large gene families, such as NBS-LRR disease-resistance genes, resulting in gene conversion. Duplicated genes in rice subspecies generated by grass polyploidization ~100 mya remain affected by gene conversion at high frequency, with important implications for the divergence of rice subspecies.

One-sentence summaryOn-going gene conversion between duplicated genes produced by 100 mya polyploidization contributes to rice subspecies divergence, often involving the same donor genes at chromosome termini.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yue, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.22.424042</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Conversion between 100-million-year-old duplicated genes contributes to rice subspecies divergence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.23.424274v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional Characterization of a Lassa Virus Fusion Inhibitors Adaptive Mutant 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.23.424274v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lassa virus (LASV) glycoprotein complex (GPC) contains retained stable-signal peptide (SSP), GP1, and GP2. SSP interacts with GP2 and provides an interface targeted by numerous fusion inhibitors. Serially passaging of LASV with inhibitors allowed some adaptive mutants to be obtained of which most had mutations located in the transmembrane (TM) domain of GP2. In the current study, we focused on the F446L mutant, which is reported to confer resistance to ST-series inhibitors. We found that F446L conferred cross-resistance to structurally distinct inhibitors. Furthermore, F446L increased the fusion activities of LASV and Mopeia virus GPC, elevating the pH threshold for fusion of LASV and promoting fusion of MOPV at neutral pH. F446L exerted little effect on the pseudotype viral growth profile or thermostability. By introducing other residues to the conserved F446 locus, it was found that this site was less compatible with a similar tyrosine residue and was intolerable to charged residues. These results help characterize the fusion inhibitor target located in the TM domain of GP2, which should be useful for drug and vaccine design.

IMPORTANCEThe LASV SSP-GP2 interface provides an Achilles heel that is targeted by numerous inhibitors. However, the emergence of resistant viruses is a major concern for direct antiviral drugs. In this study, we investigated the F446L mutant located in the GPC TM domain to determine the relationship between drug resistance, membrane fusion activity, viral growth kinetics, and thermostability. These results will be helpful in monitoring drug-resistant variants, as well as the advancement of drug and vaccine design.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.23.424274</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional Characterization of a Lassa Virus Fusion Inhibitors Adaptive Mutant]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.30.424890v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sequencing of clinical samples reveals that adaptation keeps establishing during H7N9 virus infection in humans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.30.424890v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The H7 subtype avian influenza viruses (AIV) have a much longer history and their adaptation through evolution pose continuous threat to humans 1. Since 2013 March, the novel reasserted H7N9 subtype have transmitted to humans through their repeated assertion in the poultry market. Through repeated transmission, H7N9 gradually became the second AIV subtype posing greater public health risk after H5N1 2,3. After infection, how the virus tunes its genome to adapt and evolve in humans remains unknown. Through direct amplification of H7N9 and high throughput (HT) sequencing of full genomes from the swabs and lower respiratory tract samples collected from infected patients in Shenzhen, China, we have analyzed the in vivo H7N9 mutations at the level of whole genomes and have compared with the genomes derived by in vitro cultures. These comparisons and frequency analysis against the H7N9 genomes in the public database, 40 amino acids were identified that play potential roles in virus adaptation during H7N9 infection in humans. Various synonymous mutations were also identified that might be crucial to H7N9 adaptation in humans. The mechanism of these mutations occurred in a single infection are discussed in this study.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pei, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouyang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.30.424890</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sequencing of clinical samples reveals that adaptation keeps establishing during H7N9 virus infection in humans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.21.427722v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RNAi screening reveals requirement for PDGFRβ in JEV infection. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.21.427722v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mosquito-borne Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) causes serious illness worldwide and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. To identify potential host therapeutic targets, a high-throughput receptor tyrosine kinase small interfering RNA library screening was performed with recombinant JEV particles. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFR{beta}) was identified as a hit after two rounds of screening. Knockdown of PDGFR{beta} blocked JEV infection, and trans-complementation of PDGFR{beta} could partly restore its infectivity. The PDGFR{beta} inhibitor imatinib, which has been approved for the treatment of malignant metastatic cancer, protected mice against JEV-induced lethality by decreasing the viral load in the brain, while abrogating the histopathological changes associated with JEV infection. These findings demonstrated that PDGFR{beta} is important in viral infection and provided evidence for the potential to develop imatinib as a therapeutic intervention against JEV infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.21.427722</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RNAi screening reveals requirement for PDGFRβ in JEV infection.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.22.427873v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-wide analysis of mobile element insertions in human genomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.22.427873v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mobile element insertions (MEIs) are a major class of structural variants (SVs) and have been linked to many human genetic disorders, including hemophilia, neurofibromatosis, and various cancers. However, human MEI resources from large-scale genome sequencing are still lacking compared to those for SNPs and SVs. Here, we report a comprehensive map of 36,699 non-reference MEIs constructed from 5,675 genomes, comprising 2,998 Chinese samples ([~]26.2X, NyuWa) and 2,677 samples from the 1000 Genomes Project ([~]7.4X, 1KGP). We discovered that LINE-1 insertions were highly enriched at centromere regions, implying the role of chromosome context in retroelement insertion. After functional annotation, we estimated that MEIs are responsible for about 9.3% of all protein-truncating events per genome. Finally, we built a companion database named HMEID for public use. This resource represents the latest and largest genomewide study on MEIs and will have broad utility for exploration of human MEI findings.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Niu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>The Han100K Initiative,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.22.427873</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-wide analysis of mobile element insertions in human genomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.05.429860v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Recombinant chimpanzee adenovirus AdC7 expressing dimeric tandem-repeat RBD of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein protects mice against COVID-19 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.05.429860v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A safe and effective vaccine is urgently needed to control the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic. Four adenovirus vectored vaccines expressing spike (S) protein have advanced into phase 3 trials, with three approved for use. Here, we generated several recombinant chimpanzee adenovirus (AdC7) vaccines expressing S, receptor-binding domain (RBD) or dimeric tandem-repeat RBD (RBD-tr2). We found vaccination via either intramuscular or intranasal route was highly immunogenic in mice to elicit both humoral and cellular (Th1-based) immune responses. AdC7-RBD-tr2 showed higher antibody responses compared with both AdC7-S and AdC7-RBD. Intranasal administration of AdC7-RBD-tr2 additionally induced mucosal immunity with neutralizing activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Either single-dose or two-dose mucosal administration of AdC7-RBD-tr2 protected mice against SARS-CoV-2 challenge, with undetectable subgenomic RNA in lung and relieved lung injury. These results support AdC7-RBD-tr2 as a promising COVID-19 vaccine candidate.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, G. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.05.429860</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Recombinant chimpanzee adenovirus AdC7 expressing dimeric tandem-repeat RBD of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein protects mice against COVID-19]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.12.430615v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dopamine modulates visual threat processing in the superior colliculus via D2 receptors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.12.430615v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dopamine (DA) system is intriguing in the aspect that distinct, typically opposing physiological functions are mediated by D1 dopamine receptors (Drd1) and D2 dopamine receptors (Drd2). Both Drd1+ and Drd2+ neurons were identified in superior colliculus (SC), a visuomotor integration center known for its role in defensive behaviors to visual threats. We hypothesized that Drd1+ and Drd2+ neurons in the SC may play a role in promoting instinctive defensive responses.

Optogenetic activation of Drd2+ neurons, but not Drd1+ neurons, in the SC triggered strong defensive behaviors. Chemogenetic inhibition of SC Drd2+ neurons decreased looming-induced defensive behavior, suggesting involvement of SC Drd2+ neurons in defensive responses. To further confirm this functional role of Drd2 receptors, pretreatment with the Drd2+ agonist quinpirole in the SC impaired looming-evoked defensive responses, suggesting an essential role of Drd2 receptors in the regulation of innate defensive behavior. Inputs and outputs of SC Drd2+ neurons were investigated using viral tracing: SC Drd2+ neurons mainly receive moderate inputs from the Locus Coeruleus (LC), whilst we did not find any incoming projections from other dopaminergic structures. Our results suggest a sophisticated regulatory role of DA and its receptor system in innate defensive behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Montardy, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.12.430615</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dopamine modulates visual threat processing in the superior colliculus via D2 receptors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.18.431768v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The possible fidelity-speed-proofreading cost trade-offs in DNA replication due to the exonuclease proofreading 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.18.431768v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
DNA replication is a high-fidelity information-copying processes which is realized by DNA polymerase (DNAP). The high fidelity was explained on the basis of the well-known kinetic-proofreading mechanism (KPR), under which the so-called fidelity-speed trade-off was studied theoretically. However, numerous biochemical experiments have shown that the high fidelity of DNA replication is achieved due to the initial discrimination of polymerase domain of DNAP, as well as the proofreading of the exonuclease domain of DNAP. This exonuclease-proofreading mechanism (EPR) is totally different from KPR. So the trade-off issues are worth being re-examined under EPR. In this paper, we use the first-passage method recently proposed by us to discuss the possible trade-offs in DNA replication under EPR. We show that there could be no fidelity-speed trade-off under EPR, i.e., the fidelity and the speed can be simultaneously enhanced by EPR in a large range of kinetic parameters. This provides a new perspective to understand the experimental data of the exonuclease activity of T7 DNAP and T4 DNAP. We also show that there exists the fidelity-proofreading cost trade-off, i.e., the fidelity is enhanced at the cost of increasing the futile hydrolysis of dNTP. A possible way to avoid this trade-off is to regulate the rate of DNAP translocation: slowing down the forward translocation (in the presence of the terminal mismatch) can enhance the fidelity without changing the speed and the proofreading cost. Our theoretical analysis offers deeper insights on the kinetics-function relation of DNAP.

PACS numbers: 82.39.-k, 87.15.Rn, 87.16.A-
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouyang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.18.431768</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The possible fidelity-speed-proofreading cost trade-offs in DNA replication due to the exonuclease proofreading]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.18.431846v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Familial prion disease-related mutation E196K displays a novel amyloid fibril structure revealed by cryo-EM 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.18.431846v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Prion diseases are caused by the conformational conversion of prion protein (PrP) from its cellular form (PrPC) into a protease-resistant, aggregated form (PrPSc). 42 different familial mutations were identified in human PrP, which lead to genetic prion diseases with distinct clinical syndromes. Here we report cryo-EM structure of an amyloid fibril formed by full-length human PrP with E196K mutation, a familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease-related mutation. This mutation disrupts key interactions in wild-type PrP fibril and results in a rearrangement of the overall structure, forming an amyloid fibril with a conformation distinct from wild-type PrP fibril. The E196K fibril consists of two protofibrils intertwined into a left-handed helix. Each subunit forms five {beta}-strands stabilized by a disulfide bond and an unusual hydrophilic cavity. Two pairs of amino acids (Lys194 and Glu207; Lys196 and Glu200) from opposing subunits form four salt bridges to stabilize the zigzag interface of the two protofibrils. Furthermore, the E196K fibril exhibits a significantly lower conformational stability and protease resistance activity than the wild-type fibril. Our results provide direct structural evidences of the diverse mammalian prion strains and fibril polymorphism of PrP, and highlight the importance of familial mutations in determining the different prion strains.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dang, H.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.18.431846</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Familial prion disease-related mutation E196K displays a novel amyloid fibril structure revealed by cryo-EM]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.04.434024v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A recombinant selective drug-resistant M. bovis BCG enhances the bactericidal activity of a second-line tuberculosis regimen 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.04.434024v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) results from infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains resistant to at least rifampin or isoniazid. To improve the treatment outcome in DR-TB, therapeutic vaccines are considered an ideal choice as they can enhance pathogen clearance and minimize disease sequelae. To date, there is no therapeutic vaccine reported to be effective when combined with a chemotherapy regimen against DR-TB. The only available TB vaccine, the M. bovis BCG (BCG) is susceptible to several anti-TB drugs hence not a perfect option for therapeutic vaccination. Herein, we developed a recombinant BCG (RdrBCG) overexpressing Ag85B and Rv2628 with resistance to selected anti-TB drugs. When administered three times adjunct to a second-line anti-TB regimen in a classical murine model of DR-TB, the RdrBCG lowered lung M. tuberculosis colony-forming units by 1 log10. Furthermore, vaccination with the RdrBCG adjunct to TB chemotherapy minimized lung tissue pathology in mice. Most importantly, the RdrBCG maintained the exogenously inserted genes and showed almost the same virulence as its parent BCG Tice strain in severe combined immune-deficient mice. All these suggested that the RdrBCG was stable, safe and effective. Hence, the "recombinant" plus "drug-resistant" BCG strategy could be a useful concept for developing therapeutic vaccines against DR-TB.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chiwala, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mugweru, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khan, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bate, P. N. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yusuf, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hameed, H. M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.04.434024</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A recombinant selective drug-resistant M. bovis BCG enhances the bactericidal activity of a second-line tuberculosis regimen]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.11.434928v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A tandem-repeat dimeric RBD protein-based COVID-19 vaccine ZF2001 protects mice and nonhuman primates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.11.434928v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A safe, efficacious and deployable vaccine is urgently needed to control COVID-19 pandemic. We report here the preclinical development of a COVID-19 vaccine candidate, ZF2001, which contains tandem-repeat dimeric receptor-binding domain (RBD) protein with alum-based adjuvant. We assessed vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy in both mice and non-human primates (NHPs). ZF2001 induced high levels of RBD-binding and SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody in both mice and NHPs, and also elicited balanced TH1/TH2 cellular responses in NHPs. Two doses of ZF2001 protected Ad-hACE2-transduced mice against SARS-CoV-2 infection, as detected by reduced viral RNA and relieved lung injuries. In NHPs, vaccination of either 25 g or 50 g ZF2001 prevented infection with SARS-CoV-2 in lung, trachea and bronchi, with milder lung lesions. No evidence of disease enhancement is observed in both models. ZF2001 is being evaluated in the ongoing international multi-center Phase 3 trials (NCT04646590) and has been approved for emergency use in Uzbekistan.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>An, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, J.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, T.-z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>A, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ke, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, G. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.11.434928</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A tandem-repeat dimeric RBD protein-based COVID-19 vaccine ZF2001 protects mice and nonhuman primates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.17.435782v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SCAPTURE: a deep learning-embedded pipeline that captures polyadenylation information from 3' tag-based RNA-seq of single cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.17.435782v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) profiles gene expression with a resolution that empowers depiction of cell atlas in complex systems. Here, we developed a stepwise computational pipeline SCAPTURE to identify, evaluate, and quantify cleavage and polyadenylation sites (PASs) from 3 tag-based scRNA-seq. SCAPTURE detects PASs de novo in single cells with high sensitivity and accuracy, enabling detection of previously unannotated PASs. Quantified alternative PAS transcripts refine cell identities, enriching information extracted from scRNA-seq.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, G.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nan, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, G.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.17.435782</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SCAPTURE: a deep learning-embedded pipeline that captures polyadenylation information from 3' tag-based RNA-seq of single cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.21.436268v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A novel method for generating 3D constructs with branched vascular networks using multi-materials bioprinting and direct surgical anastomosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.21.436268v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Vessels pervade almost all body tissues, and significantly influence the pathophysiology of human body. Previous attempts to establish multi-scale vascular connection and function in 3D model tissues using bioprinting have had limited success due to the incoordination between cell-laden materials and stability of the perfusion channel. Here, we report a methodology to fabricate centimetre-scale vascularized soft tissue with high viability and accuracy using multi-materials bioprinting involving inks with low viscosity and a customized multistage-temperature-control printer. The tissue formed was perfused with branched vasculature with well-formed 3D capillary network and lumen, which would potentially supply the cellular components with sufficient nutrients in the matrix. Furthermore, the same methodology was applied for generating liver-like tissue with the objective to fabricate and mimic a mature and functional liver tissue, with increased functionality in terms of synthesis of liver specific proteins after in vitro perfusion and in vivo subperitoneal transplantation in mice. Moreover, to establish immediate blood perfusion, an elastic layer was printed wrapping sacrificial ink to support the direct surgical anastomosis of the carotid artery to the jugular vein. Our findings highlight the support extended by vasculature network in soft hydrogels which helps to sustain the thick and dense cellularization in engineered tissues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.21.436268</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A novel method for generating 3D constructs with branched vascular networks using multi-materials bioprinting and direct surgical anastomosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.29.437574v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bayesian metamodeling of complex biological systems across varying representations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.29.437574v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Comprehensive modeling of a whole cell requires an integration of vast amounts of information on various aspects of the cell and its parts. To divide-and-conquer this task, we introduce Bayesian metamodeling, a general approach to modeling complex systems by integrating a collection of heterogeneous input models. Each input model can in principle be based on any type of data and can describe a different aspect of the modeled system using any mathematical representation, scale, and level of granularity. These input models are (i) converted to a standardized statistical representation relying on Probabilistic Graphical Models, (ii) coupled by modeling their mutual relations with the physical world, and (iii) finally harmonized with respect to each other. To illustrate Bayesian metamodeling, we provide a proof-of-principle metamodel of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by human pancreatic {beta}-cells. The input models include a coarse-grained spatiotemporal simulation of insulin vesicle trafficking, docking, and exocytosis; a molecular network model of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion signaling; a network model of insulin metabolism; a structural model of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor activation; a linear model of a pancreatic cell population; and ordinary differential equations for systemic postprandial insulin response. Metamodeling benefits from decentralized computing, while often producing a more accurate, precise, and complete model that contextualizes input models as well as resolves conflicting information. We anticipate Bayesian metamodeling will facilitate collaborative science by providing a framework for sharing expertise, resources, data, and models, as exemplified by the Pancreatic {beta}-Cell Consortium.

Significance StatementCells are the basic units of life, yet their architecture and function remain to be fully characterized. This work describes Bayesian metamodeling, a modeling approach that divides-and-conquers a large problem of modeling numerous aspects of the cell into computing a number of smaller models of different types, followed by assembling these models into a complete map of the cell. Metamodeling enables a facile collaboration of multiple research groups and communities, thus maximizing the sharing of expertise, resources, data, and models. A proof-of-principle is provided by a model of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion produced by the Pancreatic {beta}-Cell Consortium.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Raveh, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanyal, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tempkin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bharath Pilla, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singla, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zha, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graham, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kesselman, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stevens, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sali, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.29.437574</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bayesian metamodeling of complex biological systems across varying representations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.30.437637v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Impact of blood storage conditions on the transcript profile of plasma cell-free RNA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.30.437637v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BACKGROUNDPlasma cell-free RNA (cfRNA) are potential biomarkers for disease prediction and diagnosis. However, pre-analysis factors, such as the delay in blood processing and storage may lead to unreliable results, though no study has systematically evaluated the effect of blood storage conditions on the whole transcriptome of plasma cfRNA yet.

METHODSWe collected peripheral blood samples from four healthy subjects and allowed them to stand at room temperature or 4{square} for different time periods (0h, 2h, 6h and 24h) prior to plasma separation. Then, plasma cfRNA stability was evaluated by measuring expression changes of cell-free mRNA, lncRNA and miRNA using high throughput sequencing-based profiling. Finally, their paired leukocyte RNA data were integrated to depict the effect of leukocytes on plasma cfRNA during storage.

RESULTSPlasma mRNA and lncRNA presented high correlations (Pearson R2 [&ge;] 0.8) and fewer variations when blood was stored at 4{square} for 6 hours or stored at RT for 2 hours. miRNA was more stable, with minimal R2 of 0.86 at 4{square} for at least 24 hours or at RT for 6 hours. Correlations of plasma RNA and leukocyte RNA increased with the incubation time, and the relative proportion of neutrophils in plasma grown from 14.3% to 61.2% at RT (P = 0.004), indicating leukocyte RNA contamination. Besides, the tissue enriched genes in plasma were down-regulated with the extension of storage time.

CONCLUSIONSOur results characterized the effects of short-term storage of blood samples on plasma cfRNA, which will facilitate further researches or clinical applications to avoid bias resulting from sample processing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.30.437637</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Impact of blood storage conditions on the transcript profile of plasma cell-free RNA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.30.437647v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A recombinant receptor-binding domain in trimeric form generates completely protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection in nonhuman primates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.30.437647v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Safe and effective vaccination is critical to combatting the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we developed a trimeric SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) subunit vaccine candidate that simulates the natural structure of the spike (S) trimer glycoprotein. Immunization with RBD-trimer induced robust humoral and cellular immune responses and a high level of neutralizing antibodies that were maintained for at least 4 months. Moreover, the antibodies that were produced in response to the vaccine effectively neutralized the SARS-CoV-2 501Y.V2 variant. Of note, when the titers of the antibodies dropped to a sufficiently low level, only one boost quickly activated the anamnestic immune response, resulting in complete protection against the SARS-CoV-2 challenge in rhesus macaques without typical histopathological changes or viral replication in the lungs and other respiratory tissues. Our results indicated that immunization with SARS-CoV-2 RBD-trimer could raise long-term and broad immunity protection in nonhuman primates, thereby offering an optimal vaccination strategy against COVID-19.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, J.-b.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, D.-d.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, X.-l.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.-t.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.30.437647</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A recombinant receptor-binding domain in trimeric form generates completely protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection in nonhuman primates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.31.437958v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamic functional connectivity links with treatment response of electroconvulsive therapy in major depressive disorder 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.31.437958v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundElectroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) is one of the most effective treatments for major depressive disorder (DEP). There is recently increasing attention to evaluate ECTs effect on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). This study aims to compare rs-fMRI of DEP patients with healthy participants, investigate whether dynamic functional network connectivity network (dFNC) estimated from rs-fMRI predicts the ECT outcome, and explore the effect of ECT on brain network states.

MethodResting-state fMRI data were collected from 119 patients with depression or DEP (76 females), and 61 Healthy (HC) participants (34 females) with an age mean of 52.25 (N=180) years old. The pre-ECT and post-ECT Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) were 25.59{+/-}6.14 and 11.48{+/-}9.07, respectively. Twenty-four independent components from default mode (DMN) and cognitive control network (CCN) were extracted using group-independent component analysis from pre-ECT and post-ECT rs-fMRI. Then, the sliding window approach was used to estimate the pre-and post-ECT dFNC of each participant. Next, k-means clustering was separately applied to pre-ECT dFNC and post-ECT dFNC to assess three distinct states from each participant. We calculated the amount of time each individual spends in each state, called occupancy rate or OCR. Next, we compared OCR values between HC and DEP participants. We also calculated the partial correlation between pre-ECT OCRs and HDRS change while controlling for age, gender, number of treatment, and site. Finally, we evaluated the effectiveness of ECT by comparing pre-and post-ECT OCR of DEP and HC participants.

ResultsThe main findings include: 1) DEP patients had significantly lower OCR values than the HC group in a state, where connectivity between CCN and DMN was relatively higher than other states (corrected p= 0.015), 2) Pre-ECT OCR of state, with more negative connectivity between CCN and DMN components, predicted the HDRS changes (R=0.23 corrected p=0.03). This means that those DEP patients who spend less time in this state showed more HDRS change, and 3) The post-ECT OCR analysis suggested that ECT increased the amount of time DEP patients spend in state 2 (corrected p=0.03). Finally, we found ECT increases the total traveled distance in DEP.

ConclusionOur finding suggests that dFNC features, estimated from CCN and DMN, show promise as a predictive biomarker of the ECT outcome of DEP patients. Also, this study identified a possible underlying mechanism associated with the ECT effect in DEP patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sendi, M. S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dini, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sui, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Espinoza, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narr, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abbott, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Rooij, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riva-Posse, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayberg, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calhoun, V. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.31.437958</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamic functional connectivity links with treatment response of electroconvulsive therapy in major depressive disorder]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.31.437970v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CDCA-seq resolve the different chromatin structure on integral circular DNAs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.31.437970v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) has been intensively studied for several decades, the mechanisms underlying its tumorigenic effects have been revealed only recently. In the majority of conventional sequencing studies, the high-throughput short-read sequencing largely ignores the epigenetic status of most ecDNA regions except for the junctional areas. Here, we developed the sequencing of enzyme-accessible chromatin in circular DNA (CCDA-seq) method, which uses methylase to label open chromatin without fragmentation and exonuclease to enrich the ecDNA sequencing depth, followed by long-read nanopore sequencing. Using CCDA-seq, we observed significantly different patterns in nucleosome/regulator binding in ecDNA at a single-molecule resolution. These results deepen the understanding of ecDNA regulatory mechanisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruan, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.31.437970</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CDCA-seq resolve the different chromatin structure on integral circular DNAs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.11.439388v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The PD-L1 and TLR7 dual-targeting nanobody-drug conjugate exerts potent antitumor efficacy by orchestrating innate and adaptive immune responses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.11.439388v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A variety of tumors are insensitive to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. We propose that ICB therapy alone is insufficient to fully reactivate antitumor T cells, while effective mobilization of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to assist adaptive immune cell activation can lead to potent antitumor effects with broad responsiveness. The Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist SZU-101 we developed can induce the innate immune response against tumors and increase the immunogenicity of tumors. Interestingly, SZU-101-induced upregulation of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in tumor tissues can further enhance the response rate of the PD-L1 antibody. In addition, PD-L1 nanobodies have better solid tumor penetration ability, and because of this ability, they can be used to precisely deliver SZU-101 to tumor tissues. Therefore, a PD-L1 and TLR7 dual-targeting nanobody-drug conjugate (NDC), a novel drug molecule, was developed. We found that TLR7 agonists and PD-L1 nanobodies act synergistically and that NDC treatment reshapes the tumor immune microenvironment, activates both innate and adaptive immune cells, and exerts antitumor effects in both "hot" and "cold" tumors primarily through CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Our data show that a PD-L1 and TLR7 dual-targeting NDC can exhibit potent antitumor efficacy by orchestrating innate and adaptive immune responses and shows good prospects for clinical development.

One Sentence SummaryBased on results showing that TLR7 agonists and PD-L1 nanobodies exert synergistic antitumor effects, a PD-L1 and TLR7 dual-targeting nanobody-drug conjugate that we developed shows good prospects for clinical development because it can orchestrate innate and adaptive immune responses, reshape the tumor immune microenvironment, and exert potent antitumor effects against both "hot" and "cold" tumors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.11.439388</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The PD-L1 and TLR7 dual-targeting nanobody-drug conjugate exerts potent antitumor efficacy by orchestrating innate and adaptive immune responses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.12.439575v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Plasma exosomal miRNA analysis of Alzheimer's disease reveals the dysfunction of a neural network 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.12.439575v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Exosomal microRNA (miRNA) is an emerging source for biomarkers of Alzheimers disease (AD). Here, we profiled miRNA expression in AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and controls. The assessment and validation of differentially expressed miRNA represented their potential to be novel biomarkers for AD and MCI. We conducted 13 co-expression networks and a miRNA network module linked to neural function emerged as the most significantly associated with AD diagnosis. The conservation analysis revealed the M1 was highly preserved in controls but dysfunction in AD and MCI. The module pattern between MCI and NC was similar, but significantly differed from AD, suggesting that the neural network regulated by miRNA changed during the mild cognitive stage, and the total miRNA expression altered in AD stage. Additionally, 24 out of 26 M1 hub-miRNAs were derived from brain tissue, and 15 had been reported as AD biomarkers. We consequently proposed the other 11 miRNAs could play important roles in AD. Our study highlights that co-expression network analysis can provide a new path for finding novel biomarkers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yuzhe, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nie, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.12.439575</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Plasma exosomal miRNA analysis of Alzheimer's disease reveals the dysfunction of a neural network]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.19.440464v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Endothelial SIRPα signaling controls thymic progenitor homing for T cell regeneration and antitumor immunity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.19.440464v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Thymic homing of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) is an essential step for the subsequent T cell development. Previously we have identified a subset of specialized thymic portal endothelial cells (TPECs), which is important for thymic HPC homing. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains still unknown. Here we found that signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRP) is preferentially expressed on TPECs. Disruption of CD47-SIRP signaling in mice resulted in reduced number of thymic early T cell progenitors (ETPs) and impaired thymic HPC homing. Mechanistically, SIRP-deficient ECs and CD47-deficient lymphocytes demonstrated impaired transendothelial migration (TEM). Specifically, SIRP intracellular ITIM motif-initiated downstream signaling in ECs was found to be required for TEM in a SHP2- and Src-dependent manner. Furthermore, CD47-signaling from migrating cells and SIRP intracellular signaling were found to be required for VE-cadherin endocytosis in ECs. Functionally, SIRP signaling is required for T cell regeneration upon sub-lethal total body irradiation (SL-TBI); CD47-SIRP signaling blockade post SL-TBI diminishes antitumor immunity. Thus, our study reveals a novel role of endothelial SIRP signaling for thymic HPC homing for T cell regeneration and antitumor immunity.

Graphic abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=101 SRC="FIGDIR/small/440464v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (23K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@d53edorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@100f2c9org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1438a6forg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@135aa2b_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG Thymic homing of hematopoietic progenitor cells is fundamental to the T cell-based adaptive immunity, yet the molecular basis of this process is less clear. We discovered that endothelial SIRP signaling, engaged by migrating cell derived CD47 ligand, regulates thymic homing of hematopoietic progenitor cells for T cell regeneration and antitumor immunity.

O_LISIRP is preferentially expressed on thymic portal endothelial cells.
C_LIO_LIEndothelial SIRP regulates thymic homing of hematopoietic progenitor cells.
C_LIO_LICD47-SIRP downstream signaling induces VE-cadherin endocytosis.
C_LIO_LICD47-SIRP signaling blockade impairs thymic T cell regeneration and antitumor immunity.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.19.440464</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Endothelial SIRPα signaling controls thymic progenitor homing for T cell regeneration and antitumor immunity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.23.441119v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Urgent Brain Vascular Regeneration Occurs via Lymphatic Transdifferentiation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.23.441119v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Acute ischemic stroke damages regional brain blood vessel (BV) network. Urgent recovery of basic blood flows, which represents the earliest regenerated BVs, are critical to improve clinical outcomes and minimize lethality. Although the late-regenerated BVs have been implicated to form via growing along the meninge-derived lymphatic vessels (iLVs), mechanisms underlying the early, urgent BV regeneration remain elusive. Using zebrafish cerebrovascular injury models, we show that the earliest regenerated BVs come from lymphatic transdifferentiation, a hitherto unappreciated process in vertebrates. Mechanistically, LV-to-BV transdifferentiation occurs exclusively in the stand-alone iLVs through Notch activation. In the track iLVs adhered by nascent BVs, transdifferentiation never occurs because the BV-expressing EphrineB2a paracellularly activates the iLV-expressing EphB4a to inhibit Notch activation. Suppression of LV-to-BV transdifferentiation blocks early BV regeneration and becomes lethal. These results demonstrate that urgent BV regeneration occurs via lymphatic transdifferentiation, suggesting this process and key regulatory molecules EphrinB2a/EphB4a/Notch as new post-ischemic therapeutic targets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Luo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ni, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.23.441119</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Urgent Brain Vascular Regeneration Occurs via Lymphatic Transdifferentiation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.29.441405v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SmProt: a reliable repository with comprehensive annotation of small proteins identified from ribosome profiling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.29.441405v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Small proteins specifically refer to proteins consisting of less than 100 amino acids translated from small open reading frames (sORFs), which were usually missed in previous genome annotation. The significance of small proteins has been revealed in current years, along with the discovery of their diverse functions. However, systematic annotation of small proteins is still insufficient. SmProt was specially developed to provide valuable information on small proteins for scientific community. Here we present the update of SmProt, which emphasizes reliability of translated sORFs, genetic variants in translated sORFs, disease-specific sORFs translation events or sequences, and significantly increased data volume. More components such as non-AUG translation initiation, function, and new sources are also included. SmProt incorporated 638,958 unique small proteins curated from 3,165,229 primary records, which were computationally predicted from 419 ribosome profiling (Ribo-seq) datasets and collected from the literature and other sources originating from 370 cell lines or tissues in 8 species (Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Drosophila melanogaster, Danio rerio, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Escherichia coli). In addition, small protein families identified from human microbiomes were collected. All datasets in SmProt are free to access, and available for browse, search, and bulk downloads at http://bigdata.ibp.ac.cn/SmProt/.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.29.441405</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SmProt: a reliable repository with comprehensive annotation of small proteins identified from ribosome profiling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.30.442226v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of residues in Lassa virus glycoprotein 1 involved in receptor switch 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.30.442226v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lassa virus (LASV) is an enveloped, negative-sense RNA virus that causes Lassa hemorrhagic fever, for which there are limited treatment options. Successful LASV entry requires the viral glycoprotein 1 (GP1) to undergo a receptor switch from its primary receptor alpha-dystroglycan (-DG) to its endosomal receptor lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1). A conserved histidine triad in LASV GP1 has been reported to be responsible for receptor switch. To test the hypothesis that other non-conserved residues also contribute to receptor switch, we constructed a series of GP1 mutant proteins and tested them for binding to LAMP1. Four residues, L84, K88, L107, and H170, were identified as critical for receptor switch. Substituting any of the four residues with the corresponding lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus residue (L84N, K88E, L10F, and H170S) reduced the binding affinity of GP1LASV for LAMP1. Moreover, all the mutations caused decreases in GPC-mediated membrane fusion at both pH 4.5 and 5.2. The infectivity of pseudotyped viruses bearing either GPCL84N or GPCK88E decreased sharply in multiple cell types, whereas L107F and H170S had only mild effects on infectivity. Notably, in LAMP1 knockout cells, all four mutants showed reduced pseudovirus infectivity. Using biolayer light interferometry assay, we found that all four mutants had decreased binding affinity to LAMP1, in the order L84N > L107F > K88E > H170S.

IMPORTANCELassa virus requires pH-dependent receptor switch to infect host cells; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this process are not well known. Here, we identify four residues, L84, K88, L107, and H170 that contribute to the interaction with the second receptor lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1). Mutant any of the four residues would impair the binding affinity to LAMP1, decrease the glycoprotein mediated membrane fusion, and reduce the pseudovirus infectivity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.30.442226</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of residues in Lassa virus glycoprotein 1 involved in receptor switch]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.13.443991v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Homogeneous environmental selection overturns distance-decay relationship of soil prokaryotic community 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.13.443991v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Though being fundamental to global diversity distribution, little is known about the geographic pattern of soil microorganisms across different biomes on a large scale. Here, we investigated soil prokaryotic communities from Chinese northern grasslands on a scale up to 4,000 km in both alpine and temperate biomes. Surprisingly, prokaryotic similarities increased with geographic distance after tipping points of 1,760 - 1,920 km, overturning the well-accepted distance-decay relationship and generating a significant U-shape pattern. Such U-shape pattern was likely due to decreased disparities in environmental heterogeneity along with geographic distance when across biomes, as homogeneous environmental selection dominated prokaryotic assembly based on {beta}NTI analysis. Consistently, short-term environmental heterogeneity also followed the U-shape pattern spatially, mainly attributed to dissolved nutrients. In sum, these results demonstrate that homogeneous environmental selection via dissolved nutrients overwhelmed the "distance" effect when across biomes, subverting the previously well-accepted geographic pattern for microbes on a large scale.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ran, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.13.443991</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Homogeneous environmental selection overturns distance-decay relationship of soil prokaryotic community]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.16.444258v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-throughput mapping of single-cell molecular and projection architecture of neurons by retrograde barcoded labelling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.16.444258v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Deciphering patterns of connectivity between neurons in the brain is a critical step toward understanding brain function. Imaging-based neuroanatomical tracing identifies area-to-area or sparse neuron-to-neuron connectivity patterns, but with limited throughput. Barcode-based connectomics maps large numbers of single-neuron projections, but remains a challenge for jointly analyzing single-cell transcriptomics. Here, we established a rAAV2-retro barcode-based multiplexed tracing method that simultaneously characterizes the projectome and transcriptome at the single neuron level. We uncovered dedicated and collateral projection patterns of ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) neurons to five downstream targets and found that projection-defined vmPFC neurons are molecularly heterogeneous. We identified transcriptional signatures of projection-specific vmPFC neurons, and verified Pou3f1 as a marker gene of neurons extending collateral branches to dorsomedial striatum and lateral hypothalamus. In summary, we have developed a new multiplexed technique whose paired connectome and gene expression data can help reveal organizational principles that form neural circuits and process information.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, Z.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.16.444258</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-throughput mapping of single-cell molecular and projection architecture of neurons by retrograde barcoded labelling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.03.447021v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Screening of Botanical Drugs against SARS-CoV-2 Entry 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.03.447021v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
An escalating pandemic caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is impacting global health. Specific treatment options for diseases caused by SARS-CoV-2 are largely lacking. Herein, we used a pseudotype virus (pv) bearing the SARS-CoV-2 S glycoprotein to screen a botanical drug library to identify an agent against SARS-CoV-2 entry. All the four hits, including angeloylgomisin O, schisandrin B, procyanidin, and oleanonic acid, were identified for effective inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 S pv entry in the micromolar range. A mechanistic study revealed that these four agents inhibit SARS-CoV-2 S pv entry by blocking S-mediated membrane fusion. Furthermore, angeloylgomisin O, schisandrin B, and oleanonic acid inhibited authentic SARS-CoV-2 with a high selective index (SI). We also showed that all the four hits could also inhibit the entry of pv of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 variants (D614G, K417N/E484K/N501Y/D614G). In drug combination studies performed in cellular antiviral assays, angeloylgomisin O and schisandrin B displayed synergistic effects in combination with remdesivir. These results indicated that angeloylgomisin O, schisandrin B, procyanidin, and oleanonic acid can inhibit SARS-CoV-2 and that they are potential therapeutic agents for COVID-19.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.03.447021</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Screening of Botanical Drugs against SARS-CoV-2 Entry]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.07.447331v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Complexin-1 regulated transition in the assembly of single neuronal SNARE complex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.07.447331v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurotransmitter release is mediated by the synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Important proteins in this process have been identified including the molecular machine Synaptic-soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment receptor (SNARE) proteins, and other regulators. Complexin (Cpx) is one of the vital regulators in this process. The functions of Cpx are proposed to maintain a proper primed vesicle pool by preventing its premature depletion, which facilitates the vesicle fusion in the presence of Ca2+. However, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Using dual-trap optical tweezers, we detected the interaction of complexin-1 (CpxI) with SNARE. We found that the CpxI stabilizes partially folded SNARE complexes by competing with C-terminal of Vamp protein and interacting with the C-terminal of t-SNARE complex.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tongrui, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nan, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiaquan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu-Xuan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.07.447331</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Complexin-1 regulated transition in the assembly of single neuronal SNARE complex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.09.447485v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular insights into differentiated ligand recognition of the human parathyroid hormone receptor 2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.09.447485v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The parathyroid hormone receptor 2 (PTH2R) is a class B1 G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) involved in regulation of calcium transport, nociception mediation, and wound healing. Naturally occurring mutations in PTH2R were reported to cause hereditary diseases, including syndromic short stature. Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of PTH2R bound to its endogenous ligand, tuberoinfundibular peptide (TIP39), and a heterotrimeric Gs protein at a global resolution of 2.8 [A]. The structure reveals that TIP39 adopts a unique loop conformation at N terminus and deeply inserts into the orthosteric ligand-binding pocket in the transmembrane (TM) domain. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and site-directed mutagenesis studies uncover the basis of ligand specificity relative to three PTH2R agonists, TIP39, PTH, and PTH-related peptide (PTHrP). We also compare the action of TIP39 with an antagonist lacking six residues from the peptide N terminus, TIP(7-39), which underscores the indispensable role of the N terminus of TIP39 in PTH2R activation. Additionally, we unveil that a disease-associated mutation G258D significantly diminished cAMP accumulation induced by TIP39. Together, these results not only provide structural insights into ligand specificity and receptor activation of class B1 GPCRs, but also offer a foundation to systematically rationalize the available pharmacological data to develop novel therapies for various disorders associated with PTH2R.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cong, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, H. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.09.447485</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular insights into differentiated ligand recognition of the human parathyroid hormone receptor 2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.11.448156v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CRISPRa screen on a genetic risk locus shared by multiple autoimmune diseases identifies a dysfunctional enhancer that affects IRF8 expression through cooperative lncRNA and DNA methylation machinery 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.11.448156v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dysregulated transcription factors represent a major class of drug targets that mediate the abnormal expression of many critical genes involved in SLE and other autoimmune diseases. Although strong evidence suggests that natural human genetic variation affects basal and inducible gene expression, it is still a considerable challenge to establish a biological link between GWAS-identified non-coding genetic risk variants and their regulated gene targets. Here, we combine genetic data, epigenomic data, and CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) assays to screen for functional variants regulating IRF8 expression. Using CRISPR-mediated deletion and 3D chromatin structure analysis, we demonstrate that the locus containing rs2280381 is a cell-type-specific distal enhancer for IRF8 that spatially interacts with the IRF8 promoter. Further, rs2280381 mediates IRF8 expression through enhancer RNA AC092723.1, which recruits TET1 to the IRF8 promoter to modulate IRF8 expression by affecting methylation levels. The alleles of rs2280381 modulate PU.1 binding and chromatin state to differentially regulate AC092723.1 and IRF8 expression. Our work illustrates a strategy to define the functional genetic variants modulating transcription factor gene expression levels and identifies the biologic mechanism by which autoimmune diseases risk genetic variants contribute to the pathogenesis of disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harley, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Namjou, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufman, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kottyan, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weirauch, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.11.448156</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CRISPRa screen on a genetic risk locus shared by multiple autoimmune diseases identifies a dysfunctional enhancer that affects IRF8 expression through cooperative lncRNA and DNA methylation machinery]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.23.448673v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Uncovering the Genetic Profiles Underlying the Intrinsic Organization of the Human Cerebellum 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.23.448673v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The functional diversity of the human cerebellum is largely believed to be derived more from its extensive connections rather than being limited to its mostly invariant architecture. However, whether and how the determination of cerebellar connections in its intrinsic organization interact with microscale gene expression is still unknown. Here we decode the genetic profiles of the cerebellar functional organization by investigating the genetic substrates simultaneously linking cerebellar functional heterogeneity and its drivers, i.e., the connections. We not only identified 443 network-specific genes but also discovered that their co-expression pattern correlated strongly with intra-cerebellar functional connectivity (FC). Ninety of these genes were also linked to the FC of cortico-cerebellar cognitive-limbic networks. To further discover the biological functions of these genes, we performed a "virtual gene knock-out" by observing the change in the coupling between gene co-expression and FC and divided the genes into two subsets, i.e., a positive gene contribution indicator (GCI+) involved in cerebellar neurodevelopment and a negative gene set (GCI-) related to neurotransmission. A more interesting finding is that GCI- is significantly linked with the cerebellar connectivity-behavior association and many recognized brain diseases that are closely linked with the cerebellar functional abnormalities. Our results could collectively help to rethink the genetic substrates underlying the cerebellar functional organization and offer possible micro-macro interacted mechanistic interpretations of the cerebellum-involved high order functions and dysfunctions in neuropsychiatric disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nyengaard, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madsen, K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.23.448673</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Uncovering the Genetic Profiles Underlying the Intrinsic Organization of the Human Cerebellum]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.27.450103v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The phosphatidylglycerol phosphate synthase PgsA utilizes a trifurcated amphipathic cavity for catalysis at the membrane-cytosol interface 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.27.450103v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phosphatidylglycerol is a crucial phospholipid found ubiquitously in biological membranes of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The phosphatidylglycerol phosphate (PGP) synthase (PgsA), a membrane-embedded enzyme, catalyzes the primary reaction of phosphatidylglycerol biosynthesis. Mutations in pgsA frequently correlate with daptomycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and other prevalent infectious pathogens. Here we report the structures of S. aureus PgsA (SaPgsA) captured at two distinct states of the catalytic process, with lipid substrate (cytidine diphosphate-diacylglycerol, CDP-DAG) or product (PGP) bound to the active site within a trifurcated amphipathic cavity. The hydrophilic head groups of CDP-DAG and PGP occupy two different pockets in the cavity, inducing local conformational changes. An elongated membrane-exposed surface groove accommodates the fatty acyl chains of CDP-DAG/PGP and opens a lateral portal for lipid entry/release. Remarkably, the daptomycin resistance-related mutations mostly cluster around the active site, causing reduction of enzymatic activity. Our results provide detailed mechanistic insights into the dynamic catalytic process of PgsA and structural frameworks beneficial for development of antimicrobial agents targeting PgsA from pathogenic bacteria.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.27.450103</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The phosphatidylglycerol phosphate synthase PgsA utilizes a trifurcated amphipathic cavity for catalysis at the membrane-cytosol interface]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.02.450976v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ERp44 is Required for Endocardial Cushion Development by Regulating VEGFA Secretion in Myocardium 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.02.450976v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rationale: Endocardial cushions are precursors of the valvoseptal complex that separates the four heart chambers and control blood flow through the heart. Abnormalities in endocardial cushion development lead to atrioventricular septal defects (AVSDs), which affect 1 in 2,100 live births. Several genes have been implicated in the development of endocardial cushions. Specifically, endoplasmic reticulum-resident protein 44 (ERp44) has been found to play a role in the early secretory pathway, but its function in heart development has not been well studied. Objective: The goal of this study was to investigate the role of ERp44 in heart development in mice. Approach and Results: Using conventional and tissue-specific knockout mouse models, we demonstrated that ERp44 plays a specific role in heart development. ERp44 knockout (KO) mice were smaller in size, and most mice died during early postnatal life. KO hearts exhibited the typical phenotypes of congenital heart diseases, such as abnormal heart shapes as well as severe septal and valvular defects. Similar phenotypes were found in cTnt-cre+/-; Erp44fl/fl mice, which indicated that myocardial ERp44 principally controls endocardial cushion formation. Further studies demonstrated that the deletion of ERp44 significantly decreased the proliferation of cushion cells and impaired the endocardial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), which was followed by endocardial cushion dysplasia. Finally, we found that ERp44 directly bound to VEGFA and controlled its release. Conclusions: ERp44 contributes to the development of the endocardial cushion by affecting the EndMT of cushion cells by regulating VEGFA release in myocardial cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhai, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.02.450976</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ERp44 is Required for Endocardial Cushion Development by Regulating VEGFA Secretion in Myocardium]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.08.451578v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Long-range single-molecule mapping of chromatin modification in eukaryotes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.08.451578v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The epigenetic modifications of histones are essential markers related to the development and pathogenesis of diseases, including human cancers. Mapping histone modification has emerged as the widely used tool for studying epigenetic regulation. However, existing approaches are limited by fragmentation and short-read sequencing represent the average chromatin status in samples and cannot provide information about the long-range chromatin states. We leveraged the advantage of long read sequencing to develop a method "BIND&MODIFY" for profiling the histone modification of individual DNA fibers. Our approach is based on the recombinant fused protein A-M.EcoGII, which tethers the methyltransferase M.EcoGII to the protein binding sites and locally labels the neighboring DNA regions through artificial methylations. We demonstrated that the aggregated BIND&MODIFY signal matches the bulk-level ChIP-seq and CUT&TAG, verify the single-molecule heterogenous histone modification status, and quantify the correlation between distal elements. This method could be an essential tool in future third-generation sequencing ages.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Weng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruan, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.08.451578</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Long-range single-molecule mapping of chromatin modification in eukaryotes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.08.451596v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A recombinant protein containing influenza viral conserved epitopes and superantigen induces broad-spectrum protection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.08.451596v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Influenza pandemic poses public health threats annually for lacking vaccine which provides cross-protection against novel and emerging influenza viruses. Combining conserved antigens inducing cross-protective antibody response with epitopes activating cross-protective cytotoxic T-cells would offer an attractive strategy for developing universal vaccine. In this study, we constructed a recombinant protein NMHC consisting of influenza viral conserved epitopes and superantigen fragment. NMHC promoted the mature of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and induced CD4+ T cells to differentiate into Th1, Th2 and Th17 subtypes. Mice vaccinated with NMHC produced high level of immunoglobulins which cross-bound to HA fragments from six influenza virus subtypes with high antibody titers. Anti-NMHC serum showed potent hemagglutinin inhibition effects to highly divergent group 1 (H1 subtypes) and group 2 (H3 subtype) influenza virus strains. And purified anti-NMHC antibodies could bind to multiple HAs with high affinities. NMHC vaccination effectively protected the mice from infection and lung damage challenged by two subtypes of H1N1 influenza virus. Moreover, NMHC vaccination elicited CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses to clear the virus from infected tissue and prevent virus spreading. In conclusion, this study provided proof of concept for triggering both B cells and T cells immune responses against multiple influenza virus infection, and NMHC may be a potential candidate of universal broad-spectrum vaccine for various influenza virus prevention and therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halimu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.08.451596</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A recombinant protein containing influenza viral conserved epitopes and superantigen induces broad-spectrum protection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.09.451867v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Screening and Identification of Lassa Virus Endonuclease-targeting Inhibitors from a Fragment-based Drug Development Library 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.09.451867v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lassa virus (LASV) belongs to the Old World genus Mammarenavirus, family Arenaviridae, and order Bunyavirales. Arenavirus contains a segmented negative-sense RNA genome, which is in line with the bunyavirus and orthomyxoviruses. The segmented negative-sense RNA viruses utilize a cap-snatching strategy to provide primers cleavaged from the host capped mRNA for viral mRNA transcription. As a similar strategy and the conformational conservation shared with these viruses, the endonuclease (EN) would serve as an attractive target for developing broad-spectrum inhibitors. Using the LASV minigenome (MG) system, we screened a fragment-based drug development library and found three candidates (F1204, F1781, and F1597) inhibited MG activity. All three candidates also inhibited the prototype arenavirus Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) MG activity. Furthermore, the investigation revealed that two benzotriazole compounds (F1204 and F1781) effectively inhibited authentic LCMV and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) infections. The combination of either compound with an arenavirus entry inhibitor had significant synergistic antiviral effects. Moreover, both F1204 and F1781 were found to exert the binding ability of LASV EN with binding affinity at the micromolar level. These findings provide a basis for developing benzotriazole compounds as potential candidates for the treatment of segmented negative-sense RNA virus infections.

ImportanceCap-snatching is the mRNA transcription strategy shared by all the segmented, negative-sense RNA viruses. Using a fragment-based drug development (FBDD) library, we tried to screen out the backbone compound to inhibit the endonuclease activity and thus block this kind of virus infection. Two benzotriazole compounds, F1204 and F1781, were identified to inhibit the Lassa virus (LASV) minigenome activity by targeting the LASV EN.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.09.451867</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Screening and Identification of Lassa Virus Endonuclease-targeting Inhibitors from a Fragment-based Drug Development Library]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.11.451941v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unconventional tonicity-regulated nuclear trafficking of NFAT5 mediated by KPNB1, XPOT and RUVBL2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.11.451941v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
NFAT5 is the only known mammalian tonicity-responsive transcription factor functionally implicated in diverse physiological and pathological processes. NFAT5 activity is tightly regulated by extracellular tonicity but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We demonstrated that NFAT5 enters the nucleus via the nuclear pore complex. We also found that NFAT5 utilizes a non-canonical nuclear localization signal (NFAT5-NLS) for nuclear imports. siRNA screening revealed that karyopherin {beta}1 (KPNB1) drives nuclear import of NFAT5 via directly interacting with NFAT5-NLS. Proteomics analysis and siRNA screening further revealed that nuclear export of NFAT5 under hypotonicity is mediated by Exportin-T, and that it requires RuvB-Like AAA type ATPase 2 (RUVBL2) as an indispensable chaperone. Our findings have identified KPNB1 and RUVBL2 as key molecules responsible for the unconventional tonicity-regulated nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of NFAT5. These findings offer an opportunity for developing novel NFAT5 targeting strategies that are potentially useful for the treatment of diseases associated with NFAT5 dysregulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cheung, C. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, T.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chow, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boassa, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellisman, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yates, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ko, B. C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.11.451941</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unconventional tonicity-regulated nuclear trafficking of NFAT5 mediated by KPNB1, XPOT and RUVBL2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.15.452192v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mining bacterial NGS data vastly expands the complete genomes of temperate phages 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.15.452192v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Temperate phages (active prophages induced from bacteria) help control pathogenicity, modulate community structure, and maintain gut homeostasis1. Complete phage genome sequences are indispensable for understanding phage biology. Traditional plaque techniques are inapplicable to temperate phages due to the lysogenicity of these phages, which curb the identification and characterization of temperate phages. Existing in silico tools for prophage prediction usually fail to detect accurate and complete temperate phage genomes2-5. In this study, by a novel computational method mining both the integrated active prophages and their spontaneously induced forms (temperate phages), we obtained 192,326 complete temperate phage genomes from bacterial next-generation sequencing (NGS) data, hence expanded the existing number of complete temperate phage genomes by more than 100-fold. The reliability of our method was validated by wet-lab experiments. The experiments demonstrated that our method can accurately determine the complete genome sequences of the temperate phages, with exact flanking sites (attP and attB sites), outperforming other state-of-the-art prophage prediction methods. Our analysis indicates that temperate phages are likely to function in the evolution of microbes by 1) cross-infecting different bacterial host species; 2) transferring antibiotic resistance and virulence genes; and 3) interacting with hosts through restriction-modification and CRISPR/anti-CRISPR systems. This work provides a comprehensive complete temperate phage genome database and relevant information, which can serve as a valuable resource for phage research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhai, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kropinski, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.15.452192</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mining bacterial NGS data vastly expands the complete genomes of temperate phages]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.15.452577v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BAI-Net: Individualized Human Cerebral Cartography using Graph Convolutional Network 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.15.452577v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Brain atlas is an important tool in the diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders. However, due to large variations in the organizational principles of individual brains, many challenges remain in clinical applications. Brain atlas individualization network (BAI-Net) is an algorithm that subdivides individual cerebral cortex into segregated areas using brain morphology and connectomes. BAI-Net integrates topological priors derived from a group atlas, adjusts the areal probability using the connectivity context derived from diffusion tractography, and provides reliable and explainable individualized brain parcels across multiple sessions and scanners. We demonstrate that BAI-Net outperforms the conventional iterative clustering approach by capturing significantly heritable topographic variations in individualized cartographies. The topographic variability of BAI-Net cartographies shows strong associations with individual variability in brain morphology, connectivity fingerprints and cognitive behaviors. This study provides a new framework for individualized brain cartography and paves the way of atlas-based precision medicine in clinical practice.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ma, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.15.452577</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BAI-Net: Individualized Human Cerebral Cartography using Graph Convolutional Network]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.20.452903v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Viral receptor profiles of masked palm civet revealed by single-cell transcriptomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.20.452903v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Civets are small mammals belonging to the family Viverridae. The masked palm civets (Paguma larvata) served as an intermediate host in the bat-to-human transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 20031. Because of their unique role in the SARS outbreak, civets were suspected as a potential intermediate host of SARS-CoV-2, the etiological pathogen of the COVID-19 pandemic. Besides their susceptibility to coronaviruses, civets can also be infected by other viruses, such as canine distemper viruses2, parvoviruses3, influenza viruses4, etc. Regarding the ecological and economical role of civets, it is vital to evaluate the potential threats from different pathogens to these animals. Receptor binding is a necessary step for virus entry into host cells. Understanding the distribution of receptors of various viruses provides hints to their potential tissue tropisms. Herein, we characterized the cell atlas of five important organs (the frontal lobe, lung, liver, spleen and kidney) of masked palm civets (Paguma larvata) and described the expression profiles of receptor associated genes of 132 viruses from 25 families, including 16 viruses from 10 families reported before that can attack civets and 116 viruses with little infection record.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lv, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hua, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.20.452903</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Viral receptor profiles of masked palm civet revealed by single-cell transcriptomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.24.453633v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The transcription factor Zeb2 drives differentiation of age-associated B cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.24.453633v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Age-associated B-cells (ABCs) accumulate during infection, aging and autoimmunity, contributing to lupus pathogenesis. Here, we screen for transcription factors driving ABC formation and find Zeb2 is required for human and mouse ABC differentiation in-vitro. ABCs are reduced in ZEB2 haploinsufficient individuals and in mice lacking Zeb2 in B-cells. In mice with TLR7-driven lupus, Zeb2 is essential for ABC formation and autoimmune pathology. Zeb2 binds to the +20kb intronic enhancer of Mef2b, repressing Mef2b-mediated germinal center B-cell differentiation and promoting ABC formation. Zeb2 also targets genes important for ABC specification and function including Itgax. Zeb2-driven ABC differentiation requires Jak-Stat signaling, and treatment with the Jak1/3 inhibitor tofacitinib reduces ABC accumulation in autoimmune mice and patients. Zeb2 thus emerges as a driver of B-cell autoimmunity.

One-Sentence SummaryZeb2 is essential for Age-associated B cells differentiation and function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ying, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vinuesa, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.24.453633</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The transcription factor Zeb2 drives differentiation of age-associated B cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.26.453761v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Characterizing enterotypes in human metagenomics: a viral perspective 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.26.453761v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The diversity and high genomic mutation rates of viral species hinder our understanding of viruses and their contributions to human health. Here we investigated the human fecal virome using previously published sequencing data of 2,690 metagenomes from seven countries. We found that the virome was dominated by double-stranded DNA viruses, and young children and adults showed dramatic differences in their fecal enterovirus composition. Beta diversity showed there were significantly higher distances to centroids in individuals with severe phenotypes, such as cirrhosis. In contrast, there were no significant differences in lengths to centroids or viral components between patients with mild phenotypes, such as hypertension. Enterotypes showed the same specific viruses and enrichment direction after independent determination of enterotypes in various projects. Confounding factors, such as different sequencing platforms and library construction, did not result in a batch effect to confuse enterotype assignment. The gut virome composition pattern could be described by two viral enterotypes, which supported a discrete, rather than a gradient, distribution. Compared with enterotype 2, enterotype 1 had a higher viral count and Shannon index, but a lower beta diversity, indicating more resistance to the external environments harmful effects. Disease was usually accompanied by a viral enterotype disorder. However, a sample outside of the enterotyping mathematical space of enterotype database did not necessarily indicate sickness. Therefore, the background context must be carefully considered when using a viral enterotype as a biomarker for disease prediction. The disease, second only to the enterotype, explains significant variation in viral community composition, implying that double-stranded DNA is relevant to human health. Our results of investigating a baseline viral database highlight important insights into the virome composition of human ecosystems, and provide an alternate biomarker for early disease screening.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>song, l.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.26.453761</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Characterizing enterotypes in human metagenomics: a viral perspective]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.02.454570v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
New insights into the earlier evolutionary history of epiphytic macrolichens 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.02.454570v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lichens are well known as pioneer organisms colonizing bare surfaces such as rocks and therefore have been hypothesized to play a role in the early formation of terrestrial ecosystems. Given the rarity of fossil evidence, our understanding of the evolutionary history of lichen-forming fungi is primarily based on molecular dating approaches. These studies suggest extant clades of macrolichens diversified after the K-Pg boundary. Here we corroborate the mid-Mesozoic fossil Daohugouthallus ciliiferus as an epiphytic macrolichen that predates the K-Pg boundary by 100 Mys. Based on new material and geometric morphometric analysis, we demonstrate that the Jurassic fossil is morphologically most similar to Parmeliaceae, but cannot be placed in Parmeliaceae or other similar family-level clades forming macrolichens as these evolved much later. Consequently, a new family, Daohugouthallaceae, is proposed here to accommodate this fossil, which reveals macrolichens may have been diverse long before the Cenozoic diversification of extant lineages.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lucking, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lumbsch, H. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.02.454570</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[New insights into the earlier evolutionary history of epiphytic macrolichens]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.02.454768v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
IntroSpect: motif-guided immunopeptidome database building tool to improve the sensitivity of HLA binding peptide identification 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.02.454768v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although database search tools originally developed for shotgun proteome have been widely used in immunopeptidomic mass spectrometry identifications, they have been reported to achieve undesirably low sensitivities and/or high false positive rates as a result of the hugely inflated search space caused by the lack of specific enzymic digestions in immunopeptidome. To overcome such a problem, we have developed a motif-guided immunopeptidome database building tool named IntroSpect, which is designed to first learn the peptide motifs from high confidence hits in the initial search and then build a targeted database for refined search. Evaluated on three representative HLA class I datasets, IntroSpect can improve the sensitivity by an average of 80% comparing to conventional searches with unspecific digestions while maintaining a very high accuracy ([~]96%) as confirmed by synthetic validation experiments. A distinct advantage of IntroSpect is that it does not depend on any external HLA data so that it performs equally well on both well-studied and poorly-studied HLA types, unlike a previously developed method SpectMHC. We have also designed IntroSpect to keep a global FDR that can be conveniently controlled, similar to conventional database search engines. Finally, we demonstrate the practical value of IntroSpect by discovering neoantigens from MS data directly. IntroSpect is freely available at https://github.com/BGI2016/IntroSpect.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.02.454768</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[IntroSpect: motif-guided immunopeptidome database building tool to improve the sensitivity of HLA binding peptide identification]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.05.455246v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Synaptic and mitochondrial plasticity associated with fear memory revealed by deep learning-based 3D reconstruction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.05.455246v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Serial section electron microscopy (ssEM) can provide comprehensive 3D ultrastructural information of the brain with exceptional computational cost. Targeted reconstruction of subcellular structures from ssEM datasets is less computationally demanding but still highly informative. We thus developed a Region-CNN-based deep learning method to identify, segment, and reconstruct synapses and mitochondria to explore the structural plasticity of synapses and mitochondria in the auditory cortex of mice subjected to fear conditioning. Upon reconstructing over 135,000 mitochondria and 160,000 synapses, we found that fear conditioning significantly increases the number of mitochondria but decreases their size, and promotes the formation of multi-contact synapses comprising a single axonal bouton and multiple postsynaptic sites from different dendrites. Modeling indicates that such multi-contact configuration increases the information storage capacity of new synapses by over 50%. With high accuracy and speed in reconstruction, our method yields structural and functional insight into cellular plasticity associated with fear learning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.05.455246</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Synaptic and mitochondrial plasticity associated with fear memory revealed by deep learning-based 3D reconstruction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.13.456190v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Screening of cell-virus, cell-cell, gene-gene interactions among kingdoms of life at single cell resolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.13.456190v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) issued a significant and urgent threat to global health. The exact animal origin of SARS-CoV-2 remains obscure and understanding its host range is vital for preventing interspecies transmission. Previously, we have assessed the target cell profiles of SARS-CoV-2 in pets, livestock, poultry and wild animals. Herein, we expand this investigation to a wider range of animal species and viruses to provide a comprehensive source for large-scale screening of potential virus hosts. Single cell atlas for several mammalian species (alpaca, hamster, hedgehog, chinchilla etc.), as well as comparative atlas for lung, brain and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) for various lineages of animals were constructed, from which we systemically analyzed the virus entry factors for 113 viruses over 20 species from mammalians, birds, reptiles, amphibians and invertebrates. Conserved cellular connectomes and regulomes were also identified, revealing the fundamental cell-cell and gene-gene cross-talks between these species. Overall, our study could help identify the potential host range and tissue tropism of SARS-CoV-2 and a diverse set of viruses and reveal the host-virus co-evolution footprints.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lv, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hua, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.13.456190</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Screening of cell-virus, cell-cell, gene-gene interactions among kingdoms of life at single cell resolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.24.457455v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CDCP: a visualization and analyzing platform for single-cell datasets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.24.457455v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Advances in single-cell sequencing technology provide a unique approach to characterize the heterogeneity and distinctive functional states at single-cell resolution, leading to rapid accumulation of large-scale single-cell datasets. A big challenge undertaken by research community especially bench scientists is how to simplify the way of retrieving, processing and analyzing the huge number of datasets. Towards this end, we developed Cell-omics Data Coordinate Platform (CDCP), a platform that aims to share and integrate comprehensive single-cell datasets, and to provide a network analysis toolkit for personalized analysis. CDCP contains single-cell RNA-seq and ATAC-seq datasets of 474 572 cells from 6 459 samples in species covering humans, non-human primate models and other animals. It allows querying and visualization of interested datasets and the expression profile of distinct genes in different cell clusters and cell types. Besides, this platform provides an analysis pipeline for non-bioinformatician experimental scientists to address questions not focused by the submitters of the datasets. In summary, CDCP provides a user-friendly interface for researchers to explore, visualize, analyze, download and submit published single-cell datasets and it will be a valuable resource for investigators to explore the global transcriptome profiling at single-cell level.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>You, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hua, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.24.457455</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CDCP: a visualization and analyzing platform for single-cell datasets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.31.458316v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Programmable RNA base editing with a single gRNA-free enzyme 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.31.458316v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Programmable RNA editing enables rewriting gene expression without changing genome sequences. Current tools for specific RNA editing dependent on the assembly of guide RNA into an RNA/protein complex, causing delivery barrier and low editing efficiency. We report a new gRNA-free system, RNA editing with individual RNA-binding enzyme (REWIRE), to perform precise base editing with a single engineered protein. This artificial enzyme contains a human-originated programmable PUF domain to specifically recognize RNAs and different deaminase domains to achieve efficient A-to-I or C-to-U editing, which achieved 60-80% editing rate in human cells, with a few non-specific editing sites in the targeted region and a low level off-target effect globally. The RNA-binding domain in REWIREs was further optimized to improve editing efficiency and minimize off-target effects. We applied the REWIREs to correct disease-associated mutations and achieve both types of base editing in mice. As a single-component system originated from human proteins, REWIRE presents a precise and efficient RNA editing platform with broad applicability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Han, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.31.458316</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Programmable RNA base editing with a single gRNA-free enzyme]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.31.458432v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RNA secondary structure regulates fragments' adsorption onto flat substrates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.31.458432v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RNA is a functionally rich molecule with multilevel, hierarchical structures whose role in the adsorption to molecular substrates is only beginning to be elucidated. Here, we introduce a multiscale simulation approach that combines a tractable coarse-grained RNA structural model with an interaction potential of a structureless flat adsorbing substrate. Within this approach, we study the specific role of stem-hairpin and multibranch RNA secondary structure motifs on its adsorption phenomenology. Our findings identify a dual regime of adsorption for short RNA fragments with and without secondary structure, and underline the adsorption efficiency in both cases as a function of the surface interaction strength. The observed behavior results from an interplay between the number of contacts formed at the surface and the conformational entropy of the RNA molecule. The adsorption phenomenology of RNA seems to persist also for much longer RNAs as qualitatively observed by comparing the trends of our simulations with a theoretical approach based on an ideal semiflexible polymer chain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Poblete, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bozic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanduc, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Podgornik, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>V. Guzman, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.31.458432</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RNA secondary structure regulates fragments' adsorption onto flat substrates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.01.458657v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Screening and Identification of Lujo Virus Entry Inhibitors from an FDA-Approved Drugs Library 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.01.458657v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Lujo virus (LUJV) belongs to the Old World (OW) genus Mammarenavirus (family Arenaviridae); it is categorized as a biosafety level (BSL) 4 agent. Currently, there are no U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs or vaccines specifically for LUJV or other pathogenic OW mammarenaviruses. Here, a high-throughput screening of an FDA-approved drug library was conducted using pseudotype viruses bearing LUJV envelope glycoprotein (GPC) to identify inhibitors of LUJV entry. Three hit compounds, trametinib, manidipine, and lercanidipine, were identified as LUJV entry inhibitors in the micromolar range. Mechanistic studies revealed that trametinib inhibited LUJV GPC-mediated membrane fusion by targeting C410 (located in the transmembrane (TM) domain), while manidipine and lercanidipine inhibited LUJV entry by acting as calcium channel blockers. Meanwhile, all three hits extended their antiviral spectra to the entry of other pathogenic mammarenaviruses. Furthermore, all three could inhibit the authentic prototype mammarenavirus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), and could prevent infection at the micromolar level. This study shows that trametinib, manidipine, and lercanidipine are candidates for LUJV therapy, and highlights the critical role of calcium in LUJV infection. The presented findings reinforce the notion that the key residue(s) located in the TM domain of GPC provide an entry-targeted platform for designing mammarenavirus inhibitors.

IMPORTANCETo date, only one LUJV outbreak has been recorded; it occurred in 2008 and resulted in a fatality rate of 80% (4/5 cases). Pathogenesis studies and therapeutic strategies are therefore urgently needed. Repurposing approved drugs can accelerate the development of drug design and facilitate the understanding of infectious mechanisms. Here, three compounds, trametinib, manidipine, and lercanidipine, were identified as entry inhibitors against LUJV. Studying the underling mechanisms revealed that a key residue (C410) in LUJV GPC modulates its sensitivity/resistance to trametinib and demonstrated the critical role of calcium in LUJV infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.01.458657</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Screening and Identification of Lujo Virus Entry Inhibitors from an FDA-Approved Drugs Library]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.08.459391v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The chromatin-remodeling enzyme Smarca5 regulates erythrocyte aggregation via Keap1-Nrf2 signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.08.459391v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although thrombosis has been extensively studied using various animal models, however, our understanding of the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, using zebrafish model, we demonstrated that smarca5-deficient red blood cells (RBCs) formed blood clots in the caudal vein plexus that mimics venous thrombosis. We further used the anti-thrombosis drugs to treat smarca5zko1049a embryos and found that a thrombin inhibitor, argatroban, partially prevented blood clot formation in smarca5zko1049a. To explore the regulatory mechanism of smarca5 in RBC homeostasis, we profiled the chromatin accessibility landscape and transcriptome features in RBCs from smarca5zko1049a and their siblings and found that both the chromatin accessibility at the keap1a promoter and expression of keap1a were decreased. Keap1 is a suppressor protein of Nrf2, which is a major regulator of oxidative responses. We further identified that the expression of hmox1a, a downstream target of Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway, was markedly increased upon smarca5 deletion. Importantly, overexpression of keap1a or knockdown of hmox1a partially rescued the blood clot formation, suggesting that the disrupted Keap1-Nrf2 signaling is responsible for the venous thrombosis-like phenotypes in smarca5 mutants. Together, our study using zebrafish smarca5 mutants not only characterizes a novel role for smarca5 in blood clot formation, but also provides a new venous thrombosis animal model to support drug screening and pre-clinical therapeutic assessments to treat thrombosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cliff Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.08.459391</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The chromatin-remodeling enzyme Smarca5 regulates erythrocyte aggregation via Keap1-Nrf2 signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.22.461242v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Comparison of Methods to Harmonize Cortical Thickness Measurements Across Scanners and Sites 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.22.461242v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Results of neuroimaging datasets aggregated from multiple sites may be biased by site- specific profiles in participants demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as MRI acquisition protocols and scanning platforms. We compared the impact of four different harmonization methods on results obtained from analyses of cortical thickness data: (1) linear mixed-effects model (LME) that models site-specific random intercepts (LMEINT), (2) LME that models both site-specific random intercepts and age-related random slopes (LMEINT+SLP), (3) ComBat, and (4) ComBat with a generalized additive model (ComBat-GAM). Our test case for comparing harmonization methods was cortical thickness data aggregated from 29 sites, which included 1,343 cases with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (6.2-81.8 years old) and 2,067 trauma-exposed controls without PTSD (6.3-85.2 years old). We found that, compared to the other data harmonization methods, data processed with ComBat-GAM were more sensitive to the detection of significant case-control differences in regional cortical thickness (X2(3) = 34.339, p < 0.001), and case-control differences in age-related cortical thinning (X2(3) = 15.128, p = 0.002). Specifically, ComBat-GAM led to larger effect size estimates of cortical thickness reductions (corrected p-values < 0.001), smaller age-appropriate declines (corrected p-values < 0.001), and lower female to male contrast (corrected p-values < 0.001) in cases compared to controls relative to other harmonization methods. Harmonization with ComBat-GAM also led to greater estimates of age-related declines in cortical thickness (corrected p-values < 0.001) in both cases and controls compared to other harmonization methods. Our results support the use of ComBat-GAM for harmonizing cortical thickness data aggregated from multiple sites and scanners to minimize confounds and increase statistical power.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rakesh, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clarke-Rubright, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haswell, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Logue, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Leary, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cotton, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dennis, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahanshad, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salminen, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomopolous, S. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rashid, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ching, C. R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koch, S. B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frijling, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nawijn, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Zuiden, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suarez-Jimenez, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sierk, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walter, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manthey, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stevens, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fani, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Rooij, S. J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bomyea, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koerte, I. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Werff, S. J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vermeiren, R. R. J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herzog, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lebois, L. A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ressler, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olson, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Straube, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korgaonkar, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrew, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.22.461242</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Comparison of Methods to Harmonize Cortical Thickness Measurements Across Scanners and Sites]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.30.462500v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comprehensive simulation and interpretation of single nucleotide substitutions in GJB2 reveals the genetic and phenotypic landscape of GJB2-related hearing loss 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.30.462500v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genetic variants in the GJB2 gene are the most frequent causes of congenital and childhood hearing loss worldwide. In addition to nonsyndromic hearing loss, GJB2 pathogenic variants are also correlated with syndromic phenotypes, showing high genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity. To comprehensively delineate the genetic and phenotypic landscape of GJB2 variants, we interpreted and manually curated all the 2043 possible single-nucleotide substitution (SNS) coding variants in this gene following the hearing loss-specific ACMG/AMP guidelines. As a result, 61 (3.0%), 188 (9.2%), 1487 (72.8%), 301 (14.7%) and 6 (0.3%) variants were classified as pathogenic, likely pathogenic, variant of uncertain significance, likely benign and benign, respectively. Interestingly, 54% (84/156) of pathogenic/likely pathogenic missense variants were not recorded in ClinVar. Further analysis showed that the second transmembrane domain (TM2) and the 310 helix are highly enriched for pathogenic missense variants. The N-terminal tail and the extracellular loop (E1) showed a high density of variants that are associated with syndromic or dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss. On the other hand, the intracellular loops (CL and CT) were extremely tolerant to variation. Based on this new information, we propose refinements of the guidelines for variant interpretation in GJB2. In summary, our study interpreted all possible SNS variants in the coding region of the GJB2 gene, characterized novel clinically significant (N = 249) and benign or likely benign (N = 307) in this gene, and revealed significant genotype-phenotype correlations at this common hearing loss locus. The interpretation of GJB2 SNS variants in the coding region provides a prototype for genes with similarly high genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xiang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramaswamy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tayoun, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.30.462500</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comprehensive simulation and interpretation of single nucleotide substitutions in GJB2 reveals the genetic and phenotypic landscape of GJB2-related hearing loss]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.07.463401v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Snapshot of the Global Drinking Water Virome: Diversity and Metabolic Potential Vary with Residual Disinfectant Use 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.07.463401v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Viruses are important drivers of microbial community ecology and evolution, influencing microbial mortality, metabolism, and horizontal gene transfer. However, the effects of viruses remain largely unknown in many environments, including in drinking water systems. Drinking water metagenomic studies have offered a whole community perspective of bacterial impacts on water quality, but have not yet considered the influences of viruses. In this study, we address this gap by mining viral DNA sequences from publicly available drinking water metagenomes from distribution systems in six countries around the world. These datasets provide a snapshot of the taxonomic diversity and metabolic potential of the global drinking water virome; and provide an opportunity to investigate the effects of geography, climate, and drinking water treatment practices on viral diversity. Both environmental conditions and differences in sample processing were found to influence the viral composition. Using free chlorine as the residual disinfectant was associated with clear differences in viral taxonomic diversity and metabolic potential, with significantly fewer viral populations and less even viral community structures than observed in distribution systems without residual disinfectant. Additionally, drinking water viruses carry antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), as well as genes to survive oxidative stress and nitrogen limitation. Through this study, we have demonstrated that viral communities are diverse across drinking water systems and vary with the use of residual disinfectant. Our findings offer directions for future research to develop a more robust understanding of how virus-bacteria interactions in drinking water distribution systems affect water quality.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hegarty, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raskin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinto, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wigginton, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duhaime, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.07.463401</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Snapshot of the Global Drinking Water Virome: Diversity and Metabolic Potential Vary with Residual Disinfectant Use]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.15.464499v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Remarkable Adsorption Performance of Rutile TiO2 (110) Nanosheet for DNA Nucleobases: A First-Principles Study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.15.464499v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The remarkable biocompatibility and supreme physical properties of nanostructured TiO2 have promised itself a strong future for biomedical applications. The present study reported a theoretical study on the adsorption of rutile TiO2 (110) nanosheet for DNA nucleobases using first-principles calculations. The calculations of the binding energy and work function demonstrate that the TiO2 nanosheet has remarkable adsorption strength to the DNA nucleobases, being more than 20 times larger than that of graphene and its derivatives. Further electronic band structure and density of state calculations elucidate the interaction mechanisms, which originate from dramatically reduced energy levels and strong hybridization of the 2p orbital of C, N and/or O with 3d orbital of Ti atoms near the Fermi level. The study directs a promising material at applications in DNA sensors and sequencers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chi, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.15.464499</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Remarkable Adsorption Performance of Rutile TiO2 (110) Nanosheet for DNA Nucleobases: A First-Principles Study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.20.465066v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell Stereo-seq enables cell type-specific spatial transcriptome characterization in Arabidopsis leaves 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.20.465066v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding the complex functions of plant leaves requires spatially resolved gene expression profiling with single-cell resolution. However, although in situ gene expression profiling technologies have been developed, this goal has not yet been achieved. Here, we present the first in situ single-cell transcriptome profiling in plant, scStereo-seq (single-cell SpaTial Enhanced REsolution Omics-sequencing), which enabled the bona fide single-cell spatial transcriptome of Arabidopsis leaves. We successfully characterized subtle but significant transcriptomic differences between upper and lower epidermal cells. Furthermore, with high-resolution location information, we discovered the cell type-specific spatial gene expression gradients from main vein to leaf edge. By reconstructing those spatial gradients, we show for the first time the distinct spatial developmental trajectories of vascular cells and guard cells. Our findings show the importance of incorporating spatial information for answering complex biological questions in plant, and scStereo-seq offers a powerful single cell spatially resolved transcriptomic strategy for plant biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xia, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, H.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.20.465066</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell Stereo-seq enables cell type-specific spatial transcriptome characterization in Arabidopsis leaves]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.21.465135v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatially-resolved transcriptomics analyses of invasive fronts in solid tumors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.21.465135v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Solid tumors are complex ecosystems, and heterogeneity is the major challenge for overcoming tumor relapse and metastasis. Uncovering the spatial heterogeneity of cell types and functional states in tumors is essential for developing effective treatment, especially in invasive fronts of tumor, the most active region for tumor cells infiltration and invasion. We firstly used SpaTial Enhanced REsolution Omics-sequencing (Stereo-seq) with a nanoscale resolution to characterize the tumor microenvironment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Enrichment of distinctive immune cells, suppressive immune microenvironment and metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells were identified in the 500{micro}m-wide zone centered bilaterally on the tumor boundary, namely invasive fronts of tumor. Furthermore, we found the damaged states of hepatocytes with overexpression of Serum Amyloid A (SAA) in invasive fronts, recruiting macrophages for facilitating further tumor invasion, and thus resulting in a worse prognosis. We also confirmed these findings in hepatocellular carcinoma and other liver metastatic cancers. Our work highlights the remarkable potential of high-resolution-spatially resolved transcriptomic approaches to provide meaningful biological insights for comprehensively dissecting the tumor ecosystem and guiding the development of novel therapeutic strategies for solid tumors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jing, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.21.465135</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatially-resolved transcriptomics analyses of invasive fronts in solid tumors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.21.465298v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatiotemporal mapping of gene expression landscapes and developmental trajectories during zebrafish embryogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.21.465298v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Vertebrate embryogenesis is a remarkably dynamic process during which numerous cell types of different lineages generate, change, or disappear within a short period of time. A major challenge in understanding this process is the lack of topographical transcriptomic information that can help correlate microenvironmental cues within the hierarchy of cell fate decisions. Here, we employed Stereo-seq, a high-definition spatially resolved transcriptomic technology, to dissect the spatiotemporal dynamics of gene expression and regulatory networks in the developing zebrafish embryos. We profiled 91 embryo sections covering six critical time points during the first 24 hours of development, obtaining a total of 139,391 spots at cellular size ([~]100 m2) with spatial coordinates. Meanwhile, we identified spatial modules and co-varying genes for specific tissue organizations. By performing the integrative analysis of the Stereo-seq and scRNA-seq data from each time point, we reconstructed the spatially resolved developmental trajectories of cell fate transitions and molecular changes during zebrafish embryogenesis. We further investigated the spatial distribution of ligand-receptor pairs for major signaling pathways and identified novel interactions that potentially crosstalk with the Notch signaling pathway during zebrafish development. Our study constitutes a fundamental reference for further studies aiming to understand vertebrate development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pei, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hui, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berberoglu, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahu, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esteban, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.21.465298</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatiotemporal mapping of gene expression landscapes and developmental trajectories during zebrafish embryogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.01.466686v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A low-resource reliable pipeline to democratize multi-modal connectome estimation and analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.01.466686v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Connectomics--the study of brain networks--provides a unique and valuable opportunity to study the brain. Research in human connectomics, leveraging functional and diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), is a resource-intensive practice. Typical analysis routines require significant computational capabilities and subject matter expertise. Establishing a pipeline that is low-resource, easy to use, and off-the-shelf (can be applied across multifarious datasets without parameter tuning to reliably estimate plausible connectomes), would significantly lower the barrier to entry into connectomics, thereby democratizing the field by empowering a more diverse and inclusive community of connectomists. We therefore introduce  MRI to Graphs (m2g). To illustrate its properties, we used m2g to process MRI data from 35 different studies ({approx} 6,000 scans) from 15 sites without any manual intervention or parameter tuning. Every single scan yielded an estimated connectome that adhered to established properties, such as stronger ipsilateral than contralateral connections in structural connectomes, and stronger homotopic than heterotopic correlations in functional connectomes. Moreover, the connectomes estimated by m2g are more similar within individuals than between them, suggesting that m2g preserves biological variability. m2g is portable, and can run on a single CPU with 16 GB of RAM in less than a couple hours, or be deployed on the cloud using its docker container. All code is available on https://github.com/neurodata/m2g and documentation is available on docs.neurodata.io/m2g.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lawrence, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loftus, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiar, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bridgeford, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Consortium for Reliability and Reproducibility,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandrashekhar, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mhembere, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuo, X.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Margulies, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Craddock, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Priebe, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calhoun, V. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caffo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burns, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milham, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vogelstein, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.01.466686</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A low-resource reliable pipeline to democratize multi-modal connectome estimation and analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.19.469185v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inactivation effect and damage of multi-irradiance by UVCLED on Acinetobacter baumannii 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.19.469185v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
It is acknowledged that the inactivation of ultraviolet has been widely used in various fields. Much literature has been reported that ultraviolet C caused DNA damage to achieve inactivation of microorganisms. There is a lack of unified dose calibration and related parameters in this field. In this study, we used a device consisted of the LED of 272 nm to conduct sterilization experiments against A. baumanii. We confirmed the effectiveness of ultraviolet C sterilization for both sensitive and drug resistance strains and explored the relationship between bactericidal rate and ultraviolet doses under various irradiance. Dose requirements of various irradiance were clarified. High irradiance improved sterilization efficiency greatly. The overall damage to the total genome was observed though gel electrophoresis. Ultrastructure of damaged bacteria were investigated by transmission electron microscope in detail. The study revealed that damage to DNA and to the cytoplasm matrix and ribosomes. The study has yielded the possible effects of ultraviolet light on cells by amplifying the energy. The radiation significantly promoted the production of cell wall and cellular membrane.

Significance StatementThe statistical results of bactericidal efficiency are influenced by the quantity of bacteria on the medium. Irradiance on the target surface affects the sterilization efficiency directly. And doses required in low irradiance are much more than high. A high irradiance reduced dosage efficiently to achieve the sterilization which improves the sterilization efficiency. There is a difference between low and high UVC dosage damage to the structure of bacteria. Less energy can make DNA coagulation solidified or be dispersed to the edge. Meanwhile the cytoplasm matrix is ruined. When the energy was enough, there is a boost of cell wall and cellular membrane production. The invisible light causes comprehensive damage to bacteria.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.19.469185</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inactivation effect and damage of multi-irradiance by UVCLED on Acinetobacter baumannii]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.22.469359v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Visual Attention in The Fovea and The Periphery during Visual Search 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.22.469359v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Active vision requires coordinated attentional processing across both foveal and peripheral receptive fields (RFs), yet the underlying neural dynamics and computational mechanisms remain poorly understood. Previous research has predominantly focused on attention in the visual periphery, leaving the role of foveal processing in naturalistic tasks largely unexplored. Here, we recorded neural activity from both foveal and peripheral RFs in areas V4 and IT of monkeys during free-gaze visual search among complex stimuli. We found robust feature-based attentional enhancements in foveal units, challenging the prevailing view that such modulation is predominantly peripheral. By integrating data from foveal and peripheral recordings, we revealed a non-uniform, dynamically distributed pattern of feature attention across the visual field. Behaviorally, foveal attentional enhancements promoted sustained or repeated fixations on targets, while peripheral attentional signals facilitated target detection and guidance of future saccades. These findings suggest that foveal and peripheral attention operate in a complementary fashion, and highlight the critical role of foveal feature attention in shaping global attention allocation and fixation behavior during active vision. This work advances our understanding of the neural computations that support complex visual search and underscores the need to account for foveal processing in models of attention.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esteky, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desimone, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.22.469359</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Visual Attention in The Fovea and The Periphery during Visual Search]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.01.470802v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Delta variant with P681R critical mutation revealed by ultra-large atomic-scale ab initio simulation: Implications for the fundamentals of biomolecular interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.01.470802v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant is emerging as a globally dominant strain. Its rapid spread and high infection rate are attributed to a mutation in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 allowing the virus to invade human cells much faster and with increased efficiency. Particularly, an especially dangerous mutation P681R close to the furin cleavage site has been identified as responsible for increasing the infection rate. Together with the earlier reported mutation D614G in the same domain, it offers an excellent instance to investigate the nature of mutations and how they affect the interatomic interactions in the spike protein. Here, using ultra large-scale ab initio computational modeling, we study the P681R and D614G mutations in the SD2-FP domain including the effect of double mutation and compare the results with the wild type. We have recently developed a method of calculating the amino acid-amino acid bond pairs (AABP) to quantitatively characterize the details of the interatomic interactions, enabling us to explain the nature of mutation at the atomic resolution. Our most significant find is that the mutations reduce the AABP value, implying a reduced bonding cohesion between interacting residues and increasing the flexibility of these amino acids to cause the damage. The possibility of using this unique mutation quantifiers in a machine learning protocol could lead to the prediction of emerging mutations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Adhikari, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jawad, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Podgornik, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ching, W.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.01.470802</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Delta variant with P681R critical mutation revealed by ultra-large atomic-scale ab initio simulation: Implications for the fundamentals of biomolecular interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.07.470215v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A multi-layer functional genomic analysis to understand noncoding genetic variation in lipids 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.07.470215v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A major challenge of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) is to translate phenotypic associations into biological insights. Here, we integrate a large GWAS on blood lipids involving 1.6 million individuals from five ancestries with a wide array of functional genomic datasets to discover regulatory mechanisms underlying lipid associations. We first prioritize lipid-associated genes with expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) colocalizations, and then add chromatin interaction data to narrow the search for functional genes. Polygenic enrichment analysis across 697 annotations from a host of tissues and cell types confirms the central role of the liver in lipid levels, and highlights the selective enrichment of adipose-specific chromatin marks in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. Overlapping transcription factor (TF) binding sites with lipid-associated loci identifies TFs relevant in lipid biology. In addition, we present an integrative framework to prioritize causal variants at GWAS loci, producing a comprehensive list of candidate causal genes and variants with multiple layers of functional evidence. Two prioritized genes, CREBRF and RRBP1, show convergent evidence across functional datasets supporting their roles in lipid biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ramdas, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Judd, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graham, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanoni, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Surakka, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wenz, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clarke, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chesi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wells, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhatti, K. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vedantam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winkler, T. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Locke, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marouli, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zajac, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, K.-H. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ntalla, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hui, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klarin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hilliard, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thorleifsson, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helgadottir, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gudbjartsson, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holm, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olafsson, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwang, M. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akiyama, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sakaue, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Terao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanai, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brumpton, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rasheed, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Havulinna, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veturi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pacheco, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenthal, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lingren, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kullo, I. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narita, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takayama,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.07.470215</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A multi-layer functional genomic analysis to understand noncoding genetic variation in lipids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.17.472326v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular mechanisms governing circulating immune cell heterogeneity across different species revealed by single cell sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.17.472326v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundImmune cells play important roles in mediating immune response and host defense against invading pathogens. However, insights into the molecular mechanisms governing circulating immune cell diversity among multiple species are limited.

MethodsIn this study, we compared the single-cell transcriptomes of 77{square}957 immune cells from 12 species using single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq). Distinct molecular profiles were characterized for different immune cell types, including T cells, B cells, natural killer cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells.

ResultsResults revealed the heterogeneity and compositions of circulating immune cells among 12 different species. Additionally, we explored the conserved and divergent cellular crosstalk and genetic regulatory networks among vertebrate immune cells. Notably, the ligand and receptor pair VIM-CD44 was highly conserved among the immune cells.

ConclusionsThis study is the first to provide a comprehensive analysis of the cross-species single-cell atlas for peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). This research should advance our understanding of the cellular taxonomy and fundamental functions of PBMCs, with important implications in evolutionary biology, developmental biology, and immune system disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, c.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.17.472326</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular mechanisms governing circulating immune cell heterogeneity across different species revealed by single cell sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.23.473944v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptomic Profiling Reveals Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts as Potential Targets for the Prognosis and Treatment of Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.23.473944v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Effective treatment of advanced invasive cervical cancer remains challenging nowadays. Herein, single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) and SpaTial Enhanced REsolution Omics-sequencing (Stereo-seq) technology are used to investigate the immunological microenvironment of cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC), a major type of cervical cancers. The expression levels of most immune checkpoint genes in tumor and inflammation areas of CSCC were not significantly higher than those in the non-cancer samples except for LGALS9 and IDO1. Stronger signals of CD56+ NK cells and immature dendritic cells are found in the hypermetabolic tumor areas, while more eosinophils, immature B cells, and Treg cells are found in the hypometabolic tumor areas. Moreover, a cluster of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are identified around some tumors, which highly expressed ACTA2, POSTN, ITGB4, and FAP. The CAFs might support the growth and metastasis of tumors by inhibiting lymphocyte infiltration and remodeling the tumor extracellular matrix. Furthermore, CAFs are associated with poorer survival probability in CSCC patients and might be present in a small fraction ([~]20%) of advanced cancer patients. Collectively, these findings might enhance understanding of the CSCC immunological microenvironment and shed some light on the treatment of advanced CSCC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.23.473944</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptomic Profiling Reveals Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts as Potential Targets for the Prognosis and Treatment of Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.26.473325v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparative analysis of single cell lung atlas of bat, cat, tiger and pangolin 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.26.473325v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus sinicus) might help maintain coronaviruses severely affecting human health, such as SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. It has long been suggested that bats may be more tolerant of viral infection than other mammals due to their unique immune system, but the exact mechanism remains to be fully explored. During the COVID-19 pandemic, multiple animal species were diseased by SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially in the respiratory system. Herein, single-cell transcriptomic data of the lungs of a horseshoe bat, a cat, a tiger, and a pangolin were generated. The receptor distribution of twenty-eight respiratory viruses belonging to fourteen viral families were characterized for the four species. Comparison on the immune-related transcripts further revealed limited cytokine activations in bats, which might explain the reason why bats experienced only mild diseases or even no symptoms upon virus infection. Our findings might increase our understanding of the immune background of horseshoe bats and their insensitivity to virus infections.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.26.473325</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparative analysis of single cell lung atlas of bat, cat, tiger and pangolin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.10.475757v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ccdc38 is required for sperm flagellum biogenesis and male fertility in mouse 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.10.475757v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sperm flagellum is essential for male fertility, defects in flagellum biogenesis are associated with male infertility. Deficiency of CCDC42 is associated with malformation of the mouse sperm flagella. Here, we find that the testis-specific expressed protein CCDC38 (coiled-coil domain containing 38) interacts with CCDC42 and localizes on manchette and sperm tail during spermiogenesis. Inactivation of CCDC38 in male mice results in distorted manchette, multiple morphological abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF) of spermatozoa, and eventually male sterility. Furthermore, we find that CCDC38 interacts with intra-flagellar transport protein 88 (IFT88) as well as the outer dense fibrous 2 (ODF2), and its depletion reduces the transportation of ODF2 to flagellum. Altogether, our results uncover the essential role of CCDC38 during sperm flagellum biogenesis, and suggesting the defects of these genes might be associated with male infertility in human being.

Summary statementWe demonstrated that CCDC38, localizes on manchette and sperm tail, is crucial for male fertility.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.10.475757</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ccdc38 is required for sperm flagellum biogenesis and male fertility in mouse]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.12.475986v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparison of double-stranded and single-stranded cfDNA library construction methods for targeted genome and methylation sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.12.475986v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) profiling by next generation sequencing (NGS) has wide applications in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy response monitoring. One key step of cfDNA deep sequencing workflow is NGS library construction, whose efficiency determines effective sequencing depth, sequencing quality, and accuracy. In this study, we compared two different cfDNA library construction methods for the applications of mutation detection and methylation profiling: the conventional method which captures double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) molecules, namely the dsLib workflow, and an alternative method which captures single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), namely the ssLib workflow. Our results suggest that the dsLib method was preferrable for mutation detection while the ssLib method proved more efficient for methylation analysis. Our findings could help researchers choose more appropriate library construction method for corresponding downstream sequencing applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zheng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.12.475986</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparison of double-stranded and single-stranded cfDNA library construction methods for targeted genome and methylation sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.13.476170v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
AAV11 permits efficient retrograde targeting of projection neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.13.476170v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Viral tracers that permit efficient retrograde targeting of projection neurons are powerful vehicles for structural and functional dissections of the neural circuit and for the treatment of brain diseases. Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs) are the most potential candidates because they are low-toxic with high-level transgene expression and minimal host immune responses. Currently, some rAAVs based on capsid engineering for retrograde tracing have been widely used in the analysis and manipulation of neural circuits, but suffer from brain area selectivity and inefficient retrograde transduction in certain neural connections. Here, we discovered that the recombinant adeno-associated virus 11 (rAAV11) exhibits potent retrograde labeling of projection neurons with enhanced efficiency to rAAV2-retro in some neural connections. Combined with calcium recording technology, rAAV11 can be used to monitor neuronal activities by expressing Cre recombinase or calcium-sensitive functional probe. In addition, we further showed the suitability of rAAV11 for astrocyte targeting. These properties make rAAV11 a promising tool for the mapping and manipulation of neural circuits and gene therapy of some neurological and neurodegenerative disorders.

HighlightsO_LINaturally occurring AAV serotype capsid exhibits robust retrograde functionality
C_LIO_LIImproved distribution properties and retrograde transport efficiency
C_LIO_LICan express Cre recombinase or calcium-sensitive functional probe for neural circuits monitoring
C_LIO_LICan specifically target astrocytes
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Han, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.13.476170</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[AAV11 permits efficient retrograde targeting of projection neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.20.476705v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatially resolved profiling of protein conformation and interactions by biocompatible chemical cross-linking in living cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.20.476705v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The protein structures and interactions that maintain and regulate cellular processes in different subcellular organelles are heterogeneous and dynamic. However, it remains challenging to characterize the subcellular specificity and translocation of protein complexes in terms of conformation and interactions. Herein, we developed a spatially resolved protein complex profiling approach by biocompatible chemical cross-linking in living cells (SPACX) to monitor the dynamics of protein conformation, interactions and translocation. The advancement of fast capturing protein complexes in the physiological state, coupled with efficient enrichment of the cross-linked peptides, ensured deep-coverage analysis of the protein interactome in living cells. By ensemble structure refinement with cross-linking restraints, subcellular-specific conformation heterogeneity was identified for PTEN. PTEN displayed a broader range of dynamic conformation changes on the dual specificity domains in the nucleus than in the cytoplasm. Moreover, based on conformational differences, different interacting assemblies involving 25 cytoplasm-exclusively and 18 nucleus-exclusively PTEN-interacting proteins were found to account for diverse biological functions. Upon ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) stress, the assembly of PTEN and its interacting partners changed obviously during translocation. We newly identified 36 PTEN-interacting proteins, which were found to be highly enriched in functional pathways closely related to cell apoptosis. Inspiringly, the interactions among PTEN isoforms and their interacting proteins were accessible by the determination of sequence-unique cross-linking interfaces for direct interactions. All these results indicate the promise of SPACX to elucidate the functional heterogeneity of proteins in individual subcellular sociology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.20.476705</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatially resolved profiling of protein conformation and interactions by biocompatible chemical cross-linking in living cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.04.479136v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mutations of Omicron variant at the interface of the receptor domain motif and human angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.04.479136v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The most recent Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 has caused global concern and anxiety. The only thing certain about this strain, with large number of mutations in the spike protein, is that it spreads quickly, seems to evade immune defense and mitigates the benefits of existing vaccines. Based on the ultra-large-scale ab initio computational modeling of the receptor binding motif (RBM) and human angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) interface we provide the details of the effect of Omicron mutations at the fundamental atomic scale level. In-depth analysis anchored in the novel concept of amino acid-amino acid bond pair units (AABPU), indicates that mutations in the Omicron variant are connected with (i) significant changes in the shape and structure of AABPU components, together with (ii) significant increase in the positive partial charge which facilitates the interaction with ACE2. The calculated bond order, based on AABPU, reveals that the Omicron mutations increase the binding strength of RBM to ACE2. Our findings correlate with and are instrumental to explain the current observations and can contribute to the prediction of next potential new variant of concern.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Adhikari, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jawad, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Podgornik, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ching, W.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.04.479136</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mutations of Omicron variant at the interface of the receptor domain motif and human angiotensin-converting enzyme-2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.10.480009v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Binding Interactions between RBD of Spike-Protein and Human ACE2 in Omicron variant 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.10.480009v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 Omicron VOC (OV) has exacerbated the COVID-19 pandemic due to a large number of mutations in the spike-protein, particularly in the receptor-binding domain (RBD), resulting in highly contagious and/or vaccine-resistant strain. Herein, we present a systematic analysis based on detailed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in order to understand how the OV RBD mutations affect the ACE2 binding. We show that the OV RBD binds to ACE2 more efficiently and tightly due predominantly to strong electrostatic interactions, thereby promoting increased infectivity and transmissibility compared to other strains. Some of OV RBD mutations are predicted to affect the antibody neutralization either through their role in the S-protein conformational changes, such as S371L, S373P, and S375F, or through changing its surface charge distribution, such as G339D, N440K, T478K, and E484A. Other mutations, such as K417N, G446S, and Y505H, decrease the ACE2 binding, whereas S447N, Q493R, G496S, Q498R, and N501Y tend to increase it.

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O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/480009v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jawad, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adhikari, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Podgornik, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ching, W.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.10.480009</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Binding Interactions between RBD of Spike-Protein and Human ACE2 in Omicron variant]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.15.479798v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell transcriptional profiling reveals cellular and molecular divergence in human maternal-fetal interface 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.15.479798v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Placenta play essential role in successful pregnancy, as the most important organ connecting and interplaying between mother and fetus. However, the cellular and molecular characteristics of fetal origin and maternal origin cell populations within the fetomaternal interface still is poorly understood. Here, we profiled the transcriptomes of single cells with well-defined maternal-fetal origin that consecutively localized from fetal section (FS), middle section (Mid_S) to maternal section (Mat_S) within the human full-term placenta. Then, we initially identified the cellular and molecular heterogeneity of cytotrophoblast cell (CTB) and stromal cell (STR) with the spatial location and fetal/maternal origin, also highlighted STR cells from fetal origins showed greater proliferation ability in Mat_S compared to cells from FS or Mid_S. Further, by integrating analysis with the first-trimester placental single cell transcriptome data, we revealed that a subpopulation of trophoblast progenitor-like cells (TPLCs) existed in the full-term placenta and mainly distributed in Mid_S, with high expression of pool of putative cell surface makers and unique molecular features. Moreover, through the extravillous cytotrophoblast (EVT) subsets differentiation trajectory and regulation network analysis, we proposed a putative key transcription factor PRDM6 that promoted the differentiation of endovascular extravillous trophoblast cells (enEVT). Finally, based on the integrated analyses of single cell transcriptional profiling of preeclampsia (PE) and match-trimester normal placenta, we highlighted the defective EVT subgroup composition and down-regulation of PRDM6 may lead to an abnormal enEVT differentiation process in PE. Together, our study offers important resources for better understanding of human placenta, stem cell-based therapy as well as PE, and provides new insights on the study of tissue heterogeneity, the clinical prevention and control of PE as well as the maternal-fetal interface.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ke, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.15.479798</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell transcriptional profiling reveals cellular and molecular divergence in human maternal-fetal interface]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.16.480633v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Improved fluorescent proteins for dual-color post-embedding CLEM 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.16.480633v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Post-embedding correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) has the advantage of high-precision registration and enables light and electron microscopy imaging of the same slice. However, its broad application has been hampered by the limited available fluorescent proteins (FPs) and low signal-to-background ratio (SBR). Here, we developed a green photoswitchable FP, mEosEM-E with substantially high on/off contrast in EM samples embedded in Epon resin which maximally preserves cellular structures but quenches the fluorescence of FPs. Taking advantage of the photoswitching property of mEosEM-E, the autofluorescence background from the resin was significantly reduced by a subtraction-based CLEM (sCLEM) method. Meanwhile, we identified a red fluorescent protein (RFP) mScharlet-H that exhibited higher brightness and SBR in resin than previously reported RFPs. With mEosEM-E and mScharlet-H, dual-color post-Epon-embedding CLEM images with high SBR and no cross-talk signal were successfully performed to reveal the organization of nucleolar proteins. Moreover, a dissection of the influences of different EM sample preparation steps on the fluorescence preservation for several RFPs provides useful guidance for further probe development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Peng, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.16.480633</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Improved fluorescent proteins for dual-color post-embedding CLEM]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.16.480781v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CRISPR-Detector: Fast and Accurate Detection, Visualization, and Annotation of Genome Wide Mutations Induced by Gene Editing Events 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.16.480781v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The leading edge of genome editing, driven by CRISPR/Cas technology, is revolutionizing biotechnologies. In pace with the burst of novel genome editing methods, bioinformatic tools to monitor the on/off-target events need to be more evolved as well. Existing tools suffer from limitations in speed and scalability, and they especially struggle with whole genome sequencing (WGS) data analysis which has the potential to detect off-target mutations at a genome-wide level via an unbiased manner. Here, we introduce our CRISPR-detector tool, which is a web-hosted or locally deployable pipeline with five key innovations: 1) optimized scalability allowing for WGS data analysis beyond BED (Browser Extensible Data) file-defined regions; 2) improved accuracy benefiting from haplotype-based variant calling to handle sequencing errors; 3) treated and control sample co-analysis to remove background variants existing prior to genome editing; 4) integrated structural variation (SV) calling; and 5) functional and clinical annotation of editing-induced mutations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.16.480781</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CRISPR-Detector: Fast and Accurate Detection, Visualization, and Annotation of Genome Wide Mutations Induced by Gene Editing Events]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.19.481125v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cohesin mutation sensitizes cancer cells to anti-PD-1 therapy through endogenous retrovirus-mediated PD-L1 upregulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.19.481125v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Immune checkpoint therapy shows impressive and durable clinical responses in cancer patients, but the genetic determinants that enable cancer cells to respond to anti-PD-1 therapy are still elusive. Herein, we identified that NIPBL deficiency promotes endogenous retrovirus (ERV) expression in tumour cells, which in turn inactivates CD8+ tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) via the PD-L1/PD-1 inhibitory checkpoint pathway. Mechanistically, NIPBL deficiency impairs DNMT1 transcription, preventing DNMT1 from suppressing ERV expression in tumour cells; ERVs stimulate PD-L1 expression by inducing the STAT2-IRF9 complex, a downstream event of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-MAVS-IRF3 signalling, and thereby suppress CD8 TIL-mediated immunity. An anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody achieved remarkable therapeutic effects in Nipbl-deficient syngeneic tumour models and improved host survival by eliciting an antitumour memory immune response. Cancer patients harbouring mutations of cohesin subunits and regulators plus DNMT1 had significantly better responses to anti-PD-1 therapy than their non-mutated counterparts did. Our study reveals a novel mechanism by which cohesin complex deregulation stimulates ERV expression by impairing DNMT1 expression and fosters an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment by activating the PD-L1/PD-1 inhibitory checkpoint.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Han, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qing, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lang, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.19.481125</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cohesin mutation sensitizes cancer cells to anti-PD-1 therapy through endogenous retrovirus-mediated PD-L1 upregulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.26.482082v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell RNA Sequencing of Pediatric Ependymoma Unravels Subclonal Heterogeneity Associated with Patient Survival 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.26.482082v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ependymoma (EPN) is a malignant glial tumor occurring throughout central nervous system which commonly presents in children. Although recent studies have characterized EPN samples at both the bulk and single-cell level, intra-tumoral heterogeneity across subclones remains a confounding factor which impedes understanding of EPN biology. In this study, we generated a high-resolution single-cell dataset of pediatric ependymoma with a particular focus on the comparison of subclone differences within tumors, and show upregulation of cilium-associated genes in more highly differentiated subclone populations. As a proxy to traditional pseudotime analysis, we applied a novel trajectory scoring method to reveal cellular compositions associated with poor survival outcomes across primary and relapsed patients. Furthermore, we identified putative cell-cell communication features between relapsed and primary samples and show upregulation of pathways associated with immune cell crosstalk. Our results reveal both inter- and intratumoral gene expression profiles and tumor differentiation and provide a framework for studying transcriptomic signatures of individual subclones in ependymoma at single-cell resolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, S. Z. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Q.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.26.482082</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell RNA Sequencing of Pediatric Ependymoma Unravels Subclonal Heterogeneity Associated with Patient Survival]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.14.484221v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Oxidative phosphorylation pathway disruption is an alternative pathological mechanism leading to Diamond-Blackfan anemia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.14.484221v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by the failure of erythroid progenitor differentiation; however, the molecular mechanisms leading to erythroid defects remain unclear. By analyzing the transcriptomic profiles of bone marrow from patients with DBA (n = 10), we identified the dysfunction of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway as a possible cause of DBA. We established a DBA cell model using differentiating hematopoietic stem progenitor cells in which the OXPHOS pathway was suppressed to completely recapitulate the defects in erythroid progenitor differentiation, ribosome biogenesis, and heme biosynthesis, which are representative characteristics of patients with DBA. Disruption of the OXPHOS pathway led to ribosomal defects and associated erythroid defects via abolishment of the Ran GTPase activating protein RanGAP1, which is pivotal in the RNA transport pathway. The composition of the ribosomal proteins in the established DBA cells was unchanged, but an overall reduction in ribosomal protein levels was observed, leading to an alteration in the translation of a subset of transcripts specific to erythropoiesis. We revealed that the OXPHOS pathway participates in erythropoiesis, particularly at an early stage, and reinforced the relationship between the OXPHOS pathway and erythropoiesis. Coenzyme Q10, an activator of OXPHOS, largely rescued the erythroid defects in DBA cells. Our results reveal that OXPHOS repression is an alternative pathological mechanism leading to DBA, demonstrating its potential as a therapeutic pathway.

Key PointsO_LIOxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway disruption is an alternative pathological mechanism underlying Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA).
C_LIO_LISuppression of OXPHOS leads to defects in erythropoiesis and ribosomal biogenesis via the RanGAP1 protein.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xiao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xin, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.14.484221</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Oxidative phosphorylation pathway disruption is an alternative pathological mechanism leading to Diamond-Blackfan anemia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.14.484258v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Non-ribosomal peptide synthetase domain boundary identification and new motifs discovery based on motif-intermotifs standardized architecture 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.14.484258v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) is a diverse family of biosynthetic enzymes for the assembly of bioactive peptides. Despite advances in microbial sequencing, the lack of a consistent standard for annotating NRPS domains and modules has made data-driven discoveries challenging. To address this, we introduced a standardized architecture for NRPS, by using known conserved motifs to partition typical domains. This motif-and-intermotif standardization allowed for systematic evaluations of sequence properties from a large number of NRPS pathways, resulting in the most comprehensive cross-kingdom C domain subtype classifications to date, as well as the discovery and experimental validation of novel conserved motifs with functional significance. Furthermore, our coevolution analysis revealed important barriers associated with reengineering NRPSs and uncovered the entanglement between phylogeny and substrate specificity in NRPS sequences. Our findings provide a comprehensive and statistically insightful analysis of NRPS sequences, opening avenues for future data-driven discoveries.

Author SummaryNRPS, a gigantic enzyme that produces diverse microbial secondary metabolites, provides a rich source for important medical products including antibiotics. Despite the extensive knowledge gained about its structure and the large amount of sequencing data available, the frequent failure of reengineering NRPS in synthetic biology highlights the fact that much is still unknown. In this work, we applied existing knowledge to data mining of NRPS sequences, using well-known conserved motifs to partition NRPS sequences into motif-intermotif architectures. This standardization allows for integrating large amounts of sequences from different sources, providing a comprehensive overview of NRPSs across different kingdoms. Our findings included new C domain subtypes, novel conserved motifs with implication in structural flexibility, and insights into why NRPSs are so difficult to reengineer. To facilitate researchers in related fields, we constructed an online platform "NRPS Motif Finder" for parsing the motif-and-intermotif architecture and C domain subtype classification (http://www.bdainformatics.org/page?type=NRPSMotifFinder). We believe that this knowledge-guided approach not only advances our understanding of NRPSs but also provides a useful methodology for data mining in large-scale biological sequences.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>He, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, W.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.14.484258</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Non-ribosomal peptide synthetase domain boundary identification and new motifs discovery based on motif-intermotifs standardized architecture]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.18.484254v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural connectivity gradient associated with a dichotomy reveals the topographic organization of the macaque insular cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.18.484254v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Histology studies revealed that the macaque insular cortex was characterized by the gradual organizations containing agranular, dysgranular and granular insula. However, no consensus has been reached on the elaborate subdivisions of macaque insula. Until now, no neuroimaging study to our knowledge combining connectivity-based gradients and parcellation has been performed to investigate the topographic organization of the macaque insular cortex. In this study, we used high-resolution ex vivo diffusion-weighted imaging data to explore the macaque insular cortexs global gradient organization and subdivisions. We found a rostrocaudal organization of the dominant gradient in the macaque insula using a diffusion map embedding. Meanwhile, extracting the 25% top and bottom components from the dominant and second gradient, which explained variance over 60% in total within ten gradients, the connectivity-based parcellation method was performed to subdivide each component into two subregions confirmed by the cross-validation analysis. Furthermore, permutations tests identified that two subregions from each component showed significant differences between their connectivity fingerprints. Finally, we found that the dominant and second gradients were significantly correlated with the T1w/T2w and cortical thickness maps in the macaque insula. Taken together, the global gradients combining the subdivisions examined the topographic organization of the macaque insular cortex based on the structural connectivity, which may contribute to a better understanding of the intricate insular cortex anatomy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.18.484254</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural connectivity gradient associated with a dichotomy reveals the topographic organization of the macaque insular cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.22.485333v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Simultaneously spatiotemporal gene expression and chromatin accessibility for mouse brain development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.22.485333v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Brain are complex biological tissues which function relies on coordinated anatomical and molecular structure comprised by a large number of specialized cells. The spatial architecture of brain which is key to the understanding of its physiological and pathological significance is formed during embryo development. However, the molecular basis for discrete neuroanatomical domains particularly in the context of spatial organization of the brain is inadequate. Here, we introduced microfluidic indexing based spatial ATAC and RNA sequencing (MISAR-seq), a method for joint profiling of chromatin accessibility and gene expression with spatial information retained in the developing mouse brain. Our study has established a direct means to spatially determine the coordination between chromatin accessibility and transcriptome, identified the chromatin potential to define cell fate determination of brain organization, and uncovered spatiotemporal regulatory principles during mammalian brain development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Peng, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.22.485333</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Simultaneously spatiotemporal gene expression and chromatin accessibility for mouse brain development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.26.485909v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Drug design and repurposing with a sequence-to-drug paradigm 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.26.485909v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Drug development based on target proteins has been a successful approach in recent decades. A conventional structure-based drug design pipeline is a complex, human-engineered pipeline with multiple independently optimized steps. Advances in end-to-end differentiable learning suggest the potential benefits of similarly reformulating drug design. Here, we proposed a new sequence-to-drug paradigm that discovers drug-like small-molecule modulators directly from protein sequences and validated this concept for the first time in three stages. First, we designed TransformerCPI2.0 as a core tool for the sequence-to-drug paradigm, which exhibited competitive performance with conventional structure-based drug design approaches. Second, we validated the binding knowledge that TransformerCPI2.0 has learned. Third, we applied a sequence-to-drug paradigm to discover new hits for E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases: speckle-type POZ protein (SPOP), ring finger protein 130 (RNF130) which does not have a 3D structure, and repurposed proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1). This first proof of concept shows that the sequence-to-drug paradigm is a promising direction for drug development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.26.485909</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Drug design and repurposing with a sequence-to-drug paradigm]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.30.486313v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of C270 as a novel site for allosteric modulators of SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.30.486313v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The papain-like protease (PLpro) in coronavirus is one of key cysteine proteases responsible for the proteolytic processing of viral polyproteins, and plays an important role in dysregulation of host immune response. PLpro is a promising therapeutic target with a major challenge in inhibitor design due to the restricted S1/S2 sites for two consecutive glycine of substrates. Here we reported the discovery of two activators of the SARS-CoV-2 PLpro from a biochemical screening, and the identification of the unique residue, C270, as an allosteric and covalent regulation site for the activators. This site was also specifically modified by glutathione oxidized, resulting in the S-glutathionylation and activation of the protease. Furthermore, one compound was found to allosterically inhibit the protease by covalent binding to this crucial site. Together, these results elucidated an unrevealed molecular mechanism for allosteric modulation of the proteases activity, and provided a new strategy for discovery of allosteric inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 PLpro.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.30.486313</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of C270 as a novel site for allosteric modulators of SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.10.487568v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TIGER: A Web Portal of Tumor Immunotherapy Gene Expression Resource 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.10.487568v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Immunotherapy is a promising cancer treatment method, but only a few patients benefit from it. Developing new immunotherapy strategies and effective biomarkers of response and resistance is urgent. Recent high-throughput bulk and single-cell gene expression profiling technologies have generated valuable resources in these regards. However, these resources are not well organized and systematic analysis is difficult. Here, we present TIGER, a tumor immunotherapy gene expression resource, which contains bulk transcriptome data of 1508 tumor samples with immunotherapy clinical outcome and 11,057 tumor/normal samples without immunotherapy clinical outcome, as well as single-cell transcriptome data of 2,116,945 immune cells of 655 samples. TIGER provides many useful modules to analyze the collected data and user-provided data. Using the resource in TIGER, we identified a tumor enriched subset of CD4+ T cells. Melanoma patients with higher signature score of this subset have significantly better response and survival under immunotherapy. We believe that TIGER will be helpful for understanding anti-tumor immunity mechanisms and discovering effective biomarkers. TIGER is freely accessible at http://tiger.canceromics.org/.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>chen, z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.10.487568</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TIGER: A Web Portal of Tumor Immunotherapy Gene Expression Resource]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.14.488425v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A landscape of differentiated biological processes involved in the initiation of sex differentiation in zebrafish 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.14.488425v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been used as a promising animal model to study gonadal development and gametogenesis. Although previous studies have identified critical molecules participating in zebrafish gonad differentiation, a landscape view of the biological processes involved in this process is still lacking. Here we isolated intact zebrafish differentiating gonads, at 25 days post-fertilization (dpf) and 30 dpf, and conducted RNA-seq analysis between the juvenile gonads that tended to develop into ovaries or testes. Our study demonstrates that the juvenile ovary and testis at 25 dpf and 30 dpf are different at the level of biological process. During ovary differentiation, the biological processes related to metabolic activities in production of energy and maternal substances, RNA degradation, and DNA repair were enriched. During testis differentiation, the biological processes related to cell proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenesis were enriched, with a total of 15 signaling pathways. Notably, we reveal that the immune-related processes are extensively involved in the regulation of testis development. Overall, this study provides a landscape of differentiated biological processes and novel insights into the initiation of sex differentiation in zebrafish.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ye, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, Y.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.14.488425</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A landscape of differentiated biological processes involved in the initiation of sex differentiation in zebrafish]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.21.489011v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial chromatin accessibility sequencing resolves next-generation genome architecture 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.21.489011v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
As the genome is organized into a three-dimensional structure in intracellular space, epigenomic information also has a complex spatial arrangement. However, most epigenetic studies describe locations of methylation marks, chromatin accessibility regions, and histone modifications in the horizontal dimension. Proper spatial epigenomic information has rarely been obtained. In this study, we designed spatial chromatin accessibility sequencing (SCA-seq) to resolve the genome conformation by capturing the epigenetic information in single-molecular resolution while simultaneously resolving the genome conformation. Using SCA-seq, we are able to examine the spatial interaction of chromatin accessibility (e.g. enhancer-promoter contacts), CpG island methylation, and spatial insulating functions of the CCCTC-binding factor. We demonstrate that SCA-seq paves the way to explore the mechanism of epigenetic interactions and extends our knowledge in 3D packaging of DNA in the nucleus.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruan, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.21.489011</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial chromatin accessibility sequencing resolves next-generation genome architecture]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.26.489529v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A cocktail containing two synergetic antibodies broadly neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 and its variants including Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.26.489529v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) can prevent and treat infections caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, continuously emerging variants, such as Omicron, have significantly reduced the potency of most known NAbs. The selection of NAbs with broad neutralizing activities and the identification of conserved critical epitopes are still urgently needed. Here, we identified an extremely potent antibody (55A8) by single B-cell sorting from convalescent SARS-CoV-2-infected patients that recognized the receptor-binding domain (RBD) in the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein. 55A8 could bind to wild-type SARS-CoV-2, Omicron BA.1 and Omicron BA.2 simultaneously with 58G6, a NAb previously identified by our group. Importantly, an antibody cocktail containing 55A8 and 58G6 (2-cocktail) showed synergetic neutralizing activity with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) in the picomolar range in vitro and prophylactic efficacy in hamsters challenged with Omicron (BA.1) through intranasal delivery at an extraordinarily low dosage (25 g of each antibody daily) at 3 days post-infection. Structural analysis by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) revealed that 55A8 is a Class III NAb that recognizes a highly conserved epitope. It could block angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) binding to the RBD in the S protein trimer via steric hindrance. The epitopes in the RBD recognized by 55A8 and 58G6 were found to be different and complementary, which could explain the synergetic mechanism of these two NAbs. Our findings not only provide a potential antibody cocktail for clinical use against infection with current SARS-CoV-2 strains and future variants but also identify critical epitope information for the development of better antiviral agents.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.26.489529</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A cocktail containing two synergetic antibodies broadly neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 and its variants including Omicron BA.1 and BA.2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.27.489693v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reversible and gain modulation of neuronal responses and sensorimotor behavior by mid-infrared stimulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.27.489693v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuromodulation serves as a cornerstone for brain sciences and clinical applications. Mid-infrared stimulation (MIRS) has been recently reported to cause non-thermal modulation of brain functions. However little knowledge of mechanisms hampers its application. Here we bridge across ion channels, neuronal signals, and behavioral performances associated with sensorimotor transformation to provide evidence of how the alternation of neuronal activity by MIRS guides the change of behavioral performance in awake-behaving pigeons. We compared effects on visually-guided eye movements by applying MIRS and electrical stimulation (ES) in the pretectal nucleus lentiformis mesencephali (nLM). Distinct from ES, we found a specific gain modulation of MIRS to alter behavior in a manner of the strength of visual inputs. Our simultaneous extracellular recordings showed that MIRS can excite and inhibit the neuronal activity in the same pretectal neuron based on its ongoing sensory responsiveness levels in awake-behaving animals. We further applied computational simulations and found that MIRS can modulate the carbonyl group (-C=O) enriched on the potassium channel to resonate, and could affect action potential generation, alter neuronal responses to sensory inputs and then guide behavior. Our findings suggest that MIRS could be a promising approach for brain researches and neurological diseases, with gene free manipulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xiao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.27.489693</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reversible and gain modulation of neuronal responses and sensorimotor behavior by mid-infrared stimulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.06.490847v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Suppression of tumor/host intrinsic CMTM6 drives anti-tumor cytotoxicity in a PD-L1 independent manner 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.06.490847v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing 6 (CMTM6) has been identified as a regulator of membranal programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) stability and a factor associated with malignancy progression, but the effects and mechanisms of CMTM6 on tumor growth, as well as its potential for therapy, are still largely unknown. Here, we show that tumor CMTM6 increased with progression in both clinical patients and mice. Ablation of CMTM6 resulted in significant retardation of human and murine tumor growth dependent on T-lymphocyte immunity. Tumor CMTM6 suppression broke resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors and remodeled the tumor immune microenvironment, as specific antitumor cytotoxicity was enhanced and contributed primarily to tumor inhibition. Further, without the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, CMTM6 suppression still significantly dampened tumor growth dependent on cytotoxic cells. Notably, we identified that CMTM6 was widely expressed on immune cells. T-cell CMTM6 increased with sustained immune activation and intratumoral immune exhaustion and affected the T-cell-intrinsic PD-L1 levels. Host CMTM6 knockout significantly restrained tumor growth dependent on CD8+ T-cells, and similarly, not entirely dependent on PD-L1. Thus, we developed and evaluated the antitumor efficacy of CMTM6-targeting adeno-associated virus (AAV), which effectively mobilized antitumor immunity and could be combined with various antitumor drugs. Our findings reveal that both tumor and host CMTM6 are deeply involved in tumor immunity with or without the PD-1/PD-L1 axis and that gene therapy targeting CMTM6 is a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy.

One Sentence SummaryEven in the absence of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, tumor or host CMTM6 deficiency can mediate cytotoxicity-dependent anti-tumor immune responses, allowing CMTM6 to be a novel target for scAAV-mediated oncoimmunology gene therapy and combination treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Long, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.06.490847</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Suppression of tumor/host intrinsic CMTM6 drives anti-tumor cytotoxicity in a PD-L1 independent manner]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.22.492994v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Machine learning enables accurate prediction of breast cancer five-year survival using somatic genomic variants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.22.492994v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers, accounting for about 30% of female cancers and a mortality rate of 15%. The 5-year survival rate is most commonly used to assess cancer progression and guide clinical practice. We used the CatBoost model to systematically construct a five-year mortality risk prediction model based on two independent data sets (BRCA_METABRIC, BRCA_TCGA). The model input data are the somatic genomic variants (copy number variation, SNP locus, cumulative mutation number of genes) and phenotype data of cancer samples. The optimal model combined all the above characteristics, and the AUC reached 0.70 in an independent external data set. At the same time, we also conducted a biological analysis of the characteristics of the model and found some potential biomarkers (TP53, DNAH11, MAP3K1, PHF20L1, etc.). The results of model risk stratification can be used as a guide for the prognosis of breast cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.22.492994</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Machine learning enables accurate prediction of breast cancer five-year survival using somatic genomic variants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.23.493011v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sex differences in the nasal microbiome of healthy young adults 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.23.493011v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Respiratory diseases impose an immense health burden worldwide. Epidemiological studies have revealed extensive disparities in the incidence and severity of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) between males and females. It is recently hypothesized that there might also be a nasal microbiome axis contributing to the observed sex disparities, but without evidence. In this work, we study the nasal microbiome of healthy young adults in, as of today, the largest cohort based on deep shot-gun metagenomic sequencing. We mainly focus on the bacteriome, but also integrate the mycobiome to get a more holistic perspective. De novo assembly is performed to catalog the nasal bacterial colonizers/residents, which also identify and therefore account for uncharacterized components of the community. The bacteriome is then profiled based on the non-redundant metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) catalog constructed therefrom. Unsupervised clustering reveals clearly separable structural patterns in the nasal microbiome between the two sexes. Following this link, we systematically evaluate sex differences for the first time and reveal extensive sex-specific features in the nasal microbiome composition. More importantly, through network analyses, we capture markedly higher ecological stability and antagonistic potentials in the nasal microbiome of females than that of males. The analysis of the keystone bacteria of the communities reveal that the sex-dependent evolutionary characteristics might have contributed to this difference.

HighlightsThe non-redundant nasal bacterial MAGs catalog constructed from ultra-deeply sequenced metagenomic data provides a valuable resource.

Integrating nasal bacteriome and mycobiome data provides a more holistic perspective for the understudied human nasal microbiome.

Unsupervised clustering helps uncover extensive sex differences in the nasal microbiome compositions.

Network analyses capture markedly higher ecological stability and antagonistic potentials in the nasal microbiome of females than that of males.

Sex-dependent genetic evolutionary forces play a role in the shaping of keystones in the nasal microbial community.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ju, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jie, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.23.493011</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sex differences in the nasal microbiome of healthy young adults]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.31.494115v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A flexible, efficient, and scalable platform to produce circular RNAs as new therapeutics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.31.494115v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Messenger RNA (mRNA) has recently emerged as a new drug modality with great therapeutic potential. However, linear mRNAs are relatively unstable and require base modification to reduce their immunogenicity, imposing a limitation to the broad application. The circular RNA (circRNA) presents a better alternative for prolonged expression of the proteins. However the in vitro circularization of RNA at industrial scale is technically challenging, and the direct comparison of efficacy between the circRNA and linear mRNA drugs is lacking. Here we developed a new self-catalyzed system to efficiently produce circRNAs in a co-transcriptional fashion. By rational sequence design, we can efficiently produce scarless circRNAs that do not contain foreign sequences. The resulting circRNAs are very stable and have low immunogenicity, enabling prolonged protein translation in different cells without cellular toxicity. The circRNAs encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles can be efficiently delivered into mice to direct robust protein expression with improved duration and efficiency. Finally, the circRNAs encoding RBD of SARS-CoV-2 S protein induced strong antibody productions, with neutralization antibody titers higher than the preclinical data from the linear mRNAs. Collectively, this study provided a general platform for efficient production of circRNAs with robust activity in directing protein production, demonstrating the potential of circRNAs as the new generation of mRNA therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.31.494115</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A flexible, efficient, and scalable platform to produce circular RNAs as new therapeutics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.01.494409v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Increased α-ketoglutarate as a missing link from the C3-C4 intermediate state to C4 photosynthesis in the genus Flaveria 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.01.494409v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
As a complex trait, C4 photosynthesis has multiple independent origins in evolution. Phylogenetic evidence and theoretical analysis suggest that C2 photosynthesis, which is driven by glycine decarboxylation in the bundle sheath cell, may function as a bridge from C3 towards C4 photosynthesis. However, the exact molecular mechanism underlying the transition between C2 photosynthesis towards C4 photosynthesis remains elusive. Here, we provide multiple evidence suggesting a role of higher -ketoglutarate (AKG) concentration during this transition. Metabolomic data of 12 Flaveria species, including multiple photosynthetic types, show that AKG concentration initially increases in the C3-C4 intermediate with a further increase in C4 species. Petiole feeding of AKG increased the concentrations of C4 related metabolites in C3-C4 and C4 species but not the activity of C4 related enzymes. Sequence analysis shows that glutamate synthase (Fd-GOGAT), which catalyzes the generation of glutamate using AKG, was under strong positive selection during the evolution of C4 photosynthesis. Simulations with a constraint-based model for C3-C4 intermediate further show that decreasing the activity of Fd-GOGAT facilitates the transition from a C2-dominant to a C4-dominant CO2 concentrating mechanisms. All these provide an insight into the mechanistic switch from C3-C4 intermediate to C4 photosynthesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ni, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyu, M.-J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sage, R. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.01.494409</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Increased α-ketoglutarate as a missing link from the C3-C4 intermediate state to C4 photosynthesis in the genus Flaveria]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.03.494698v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Atomic-scale Quantum Chemical Calculation of Omicron Mutations Near Cleavage Sites of the Spike Protein 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.03.494698v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The attachment of the Spike-protein in SARS-CoV-2 to host cells and the initiation of viral invasion are two critical processes in the viral infection and transmission processes in which the presence of unique furin (S1/S2) and TMPRSS2 (S2) cleavage sites play a pivotal role. In this study, we provide detailed analysis of the impact of the BA.1 Omicron variant mutations, vicinal to these two cleavage sites using a novel computational method based on Amino acid - amino acid bond pair unit (AABPU), a specific protein structural unit in 3D as a proxy for quantifying the atomic interaction. We have identified several key features related to the electronic structure as well as bonding of the Omicron mutations near the cleavage sites that significantly increase the size of the relevant AABPUs and the fraction of the positive partial charge. These results of the ultra-large-scale quantum calculations enable us to conjecture on the biological role of Omicron mutations and their specific effects on cleavage sites, as well as identify the principles that can be of some value in analyzing other new variants or subvariants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Adhikari, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jawad, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Podgornik, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ching, W.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.03.494698</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Atomic-scale Quantum Chemical Calculation of Omicron Mutations Near Cleavage Sites of the Spike Protein]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.14.500038v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Phylotranscriptomic Hourglass Pattern in Fungi: An Updated Model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.14.500038v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The "developmental hourglass" describes the morphological convergence to a conserved form at mid-stages of animal embryogenesis. The molecular hourglass pattern during embryogenesis was also identified across kingdoms. Previously, we reported young fruiting body as the conserved "waist" in mushroom-forming "developmental hourglass". However, its robustness is doubted because of the fungal diversity. Additionally, fungi lack embryogenesis, and develop directly from spore to hyphae with morphological similarities during the transition. Here, we updated the "developmental hourglass" model in the life cycle of fungi, namely, spore germination, vegetative growth, and sexual reproduction. Germinating spores, both sexual and asexual, showed the strongest transcriptomic conservation signals across the phyla Mucoromycota, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Cross kingdom comparisons revealed high expression levels of "information storage and processing" genes at the waist stages of embryonic and non-embryonic developments in animals, plants, and fungi. The "developmental hourglass" might reflect the mutual transcriptome switches on developmental transitions in eukaryotes that are additional to embryonic organogenesis.

HighlightsO_LIUpdated fungal molecular "developmental hourglass" model in the life cycle of fungi
C_LIO_LIGerminating spores are the evolutionarily conserved "waist" across fungal phyla
C_LIO_LIHigh expression levels of "information storage and processing" genes at the waist stages in the embryonic and non-embryonic hourglasses across kingdoms
C_LIO_LI"Developmental hourglass" may reflect the mutual transcriptome switches on developmental transitions in eukaryotes
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwan, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.14.500038</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Phylotranscriptomic Hourglass Pattern in Fungi: An Updated Model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.19.500596v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Prior-guided Individualized Thalamic Parcellation based on Local Diffusion Characteristics using Deep Learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.19.500596v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
As a gateway for projections entering and exiting the cerebral cortex, the human thalamus processes information from sensory to cognition relevant to various neuropsychiatric disorders. It is composed of dozens of nuclei, which have been difficult to identify with clinical MR sequences. However, delineating thalamic nuclei accurately at an individual level is essential for precise neuromodulation treatment. Here, we not only identified the fine-grained thalamic nuclei using local diffusion properties in vivo but also employed a deep learning strategy to achieve highly reproducible individual-level parcellation. Using High-quality diffusion MRI (dMRI), we first constructed a fine-grained group thalamus atlas based on thalamic local diffusion features. Then, the high-probability core area of the group thalamus atlas was wrapped into the native space as prior guidance for individualized thalamus construction. Finally, we trained the semi-supervised multiple classification models to accurately construct the individualized thalamus atlas with single-subject local diffusion characteristics. Compared to group atlas registration and single-subject clustering strategies, our individualized thalamus atlas combines population commonality and individual specificity and is superior in depicting the individual thalamic nuclei boundaries. Besides, our atlas provides a more conspicuous capacity to capture the individual specificity of thalamic nuclei. Through the evaluation by 3.0T7.0T and test-retest dMRI datasets, the proposed high-probability group prior guided individualized thalamus construction pipeline is robust and repeatable in different magnetic field strengths and scanning batches. In addition, the individual parcellation of the thalamic nuclei has a good correspondence with the histological atlas and captured both higher group consistency and inter-subjects variations, which could be a valuable solution for precision clinical treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madsen, K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.19.500596</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Prior-guided Individualized Thalamic Parcellation based on Local Diffusion Characteristics using Deep Learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.28.501901v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effect of Delta and Omicron mutations on the RBD-SD1 do-main of the Spike protein in SARS-CoV-2 and the Omicron mutations on RBD-ACE2 interface complex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.28.501901v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The receptor-binding domain (RBD) is the essential part in the Spike-protein (S-protein) of SARS-CoV-2 virus that directly binds to the human ACE2 receptor, making it a key target for many vaccines and therapies. Therefore, any mutations at this domain could affect the efficacy of these treatments as well as the viral-cell entry mechanism. We introduce ab initio DFT-based computational study that mainly focuses on two parts: (1) Mutations effects of both Delta and Omicron variants in the RBD-SD1 domain. (2) Impact of Omicron RBD mutations on the structure and properties of the RBD-ACE2 interface system. The in-depth analysis is based on the novel concept of amino acid-amino acid bond pair units (AABPU) that reveal the differences between the Delta and/or Omicron mutations and its corresponding wild-type strain in terms of the role played by non-local amino acid interactions, their 3D shapes and sizes, as well as contribution to hydrogen bonding and partial charge distributions. Our results also show that the interaction of Omicron RBD with ACE2 significantly increased its bonding between amino acids at the interface providing information on the implications of penetration of S-protein into ACE2, and thus offering a possible explanation for its high infectivity. Our findings enable us to present in more conspicuous atomic level detail the effect of specific mutations that may help in predicting and/or mitigating the next variant of concern.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ching, W.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adhikari, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jawad, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Podgornik, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.28.501901</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effect of Delta and Omicron mutations on the RBD-SD1 do-main of the Spike protein in SARS-CoV-2 and the Omicron mutations on RBD-ACE2 interface complex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.08.503128v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pathway and mechanism of tubulin folding mediated by TRiC/CCT conjugated with its ATPase cycle revealed by cryo-EM 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.08.503128v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The eukaryotic chaperonin TRiC/CCT assists the folding of about 10% of cytosolic proteins through an ATP-driven conformational cycle, and the essential cytoskeleton protein tubulin is the obligate substrate of TRiC. Here, we present an ensemble of cryo-EM structures of human TRiC throughout its ATPase cycle, with three of them revealing endogenously engaged tubulin in different folding stages. Our structural and XL-MS analyses suggested a gradual upward translocation and stabilization of tubulin within the TRiC chamber accompanying TRiC ring closure. Remarkably, in the closed TRiC-tubulin-S3 map resolved to 3.1-[A]-resolution, we captured a near-natively folded tubulin. We found the near-natively folded tubulin engaging through its N and C domains mainly with the A and I domains of the CCT3/6/8 subunits through electrostatic and hydrophilic interactions, while the tubulin I domain was found to remain dynamic. Moreover, we also showed the potential role of TRiC C-terminal tails in substrate stabilization and folding. Our study delineates the pathway and molecular mechanism of TRiC-mediated tubulin folding conjugated with TRiC ATPase cycle, and may also inform the design of therapeutic agents targeting TRiC-tubulin interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.08.503128</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pathway and mechanism of tubulin folding mediated by TRiC/CCT conjugated with its ATPase cycle revealed by cryo-EM]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.08.503238v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Recovery of structural integrity of epithelial monolayer in response to massive apoptosis-induced defects 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.08.503238v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Apoptosis exists ubiquitously in organisms and plays an essential role in maintaining the homeostasis of functional tissues. While the signaling pathway of cell apoptosis has been widely studied, the mechanism of how apoptotic cells regulate the structural homeostasis of a living tissue still remains largely elusive. Using a functional epithelial monolayer as a model system, we find that the integrity of the epithelium is interrupted by apoptosis-induced defects, with an increasing permeability to small molecules across the epithelium. The defects promote a structural reorganization through enhanced cell spreading and migratory dynamics, resulting in a quick recovery of epithelium integrity. Moreover, we show the epithelial monolayer remodeling is driven by local enhanced traction force after apoptosis, which triggers the process of fluidization and mesenchymal-like migration. Our results show the quick recovery of epithelial homeostasis when being interrupted by cell apoptosis, and indicate the importance of apoptosis-induced mechanical force in mediating cell behaviors to maintain the structural integrity of epithelium.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Y. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weitz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.08.503238</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Recovery of structural integrity of epithelial monolayer in response to massive apoptosis-induced defects]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.18.504370v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Widely Used and Fast De Novo Drug Design by a Protein Sequence-Based Reinforcement Learning Model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.18.504370v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
De novo molecular design has facilitated the exploration of large chemical space to accelerate drug discovery. Structure-based de novo method can overcome the data scarcity of active ligands by incorporating drug-target interaction into deep generative architectures. However, these strategies are bottlenecked by the small fraction of experimentally determined protein or complex structures. In addition, the cost of the molecular generation is computationally expensive due to 3D representations of both molecule and protein. Here, we demonstrate a widely used and fast protein sequence-based reinforcement learning (RL) model for drug discovery. In the generative model, one of the reward components, a binding affinity predictor, is based on 1D protein sequence and molecular SMILES. As a proof of concept, the RL model was utilized to design molecules for four targets. The generated compounds showed bioactivities by the validation of both QSAR and molecular docking with experimental 3D binding pockets. We also found that the performance of generated molecules depends on the selection of data source training for the binding predictor. Furthermore, drug design for a kinase without any experimental structure, CDK20, was studied. By only 1D protein sequence as input, the generated novel compounds showed favorable binding affinity based on the AlphaFold predicted structure.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.18.504370</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Widely Used and Fast De Novo Drug Design by a Protein Sequence-Based Reinforcement Learning Model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.27.505516v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dear-DIAXMBD: deep autoencoder for data-independent acquisition proteomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.27.505516v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Data-independent acquisition (DIA) technology for protein identification from mass spectrometry and related algorithms is developing rapidly. The spectrum-centric analysis of DIA data without the use of spectra library from data-dependent acquisition (DDA) data represents a promising direction. In this paper, we proposed an untargeted analysis method, Dear-DIAXMBD, for direct analysis of DIA data. Dear-DIAXMBD first integrates the deep variational autoencoder and triplet loss to learn the representations of the extracted fragment ion chromatograms, then uses the k-means clustering algorithm to aggregate fragments with similar representations into the same classes, and finally establishes the inverted index tables to determine the precursors of fragment clusters between precursors and peptides, and between fragments and peptides. We show that Dear-DIAXMBD performs superiorly with the highly complicated DIA data of different species obtained by different instrument platforms. Dear-DIAXMBD is publicly available at https://github.com/jianweishuai/Dear-DIA-XMBD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>He, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shuai, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.27.505516</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dear-DIAXMBD: deep autoencoder for data-independent acquisition proteomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.15.508079v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Accumulation of mitochondrial ROS drives reductive glutamine metabolism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.15.508079v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hypoxia, mitochondrial defect or extracellular matrix detachment induces reductive glutamine metabolism that can produce citrate by carboxylating the glutamine-derived ketoglutarate (-KG). Reductive carboxylation is required for maintaining redox homeostasis, lipogenesis and cancer cell growth. However, the fundamental mechanism(s) of how reductive glutamine metabolism may be controlled is not fully understood. This study here demonstrates that mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) positively drives reductive carboxylation. Knockout of fatty acid synthase (FASN) causes increased mitochondrial ROS and significant reductive glutamine metabolism. Mitochondrial ROS accumulation is identified as a shared feature in cells that utilize reductive metabolism. Moreover, ROS scavenger could inhibit reductive carboxylation by decreasing ROS level in mitochondria. By contrast, ROS inducers activate reductive carboxylation via increasing mitochondrial ROS. Mitochondrial ROS level determines the degree of reductive carboxylation with a positive correlation. The results presented here not only reveal a fundamental mechanism of how reductive carboxylation is controlled, but also elucidate a critical role of ROS in reprogramming metabolism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.15.508079</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Accumulation of mitochondrial ROS drives reductive glutamine metabolism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.16.508211v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RNAlight: a machine learning model to identify nucleotide features determining RNA subcellular localization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.16.508211v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Different RNAs have distinct subcellular localizations. However, nucleotide features that determine these distinct distributions of lncRNAs and mRNAs have yet to be fully addressed. Here, we develop RNAlight, a machine learning model based on LightGBM, to identify nucleotide k-mers contributing to the subcellular localizations of mRNAs and lncRNAs. With the Tree SHAP algorithm, RNAlight extracts nucleotide features for cytoplasmic or nuclear localization of RNAs, indicating the sequence basis for distinct RNA subcellular localizations. By assembling k-mers to sequence features and subsequently mapping to known RBP-associated motifs, different types of sequence features and their associated RBPs were additionally uncovered for lncRNAs and mRNAs with distinct subcellular localizations. Finally, we extended RNAlight to precisely predict the subcellular localizations of other types of RNAs, including snRNAs, snoRNAs and different circular RNA transcripts, suggesting the generality of using RNAlight for RNA subcellular localization prediction.

Key pointsO_LIA machine learning model, RNAlight, is developed to efficiently and sensitively predict subcellular localizations of mRNAs and lncRNAs.
C_LIO_LIWith embedded Tree SHAP algorithm, RNAlight further reveals distinct key sequence features and their associated RBPs for subcellular localizations of mRNAs or lncRNAs.
C_LIO_LIRNAlight is successfully extended for the subcellular localization prediction of additional types of noncoding RNAs that were not used for model development, such as circular RNAs, suggesting its generality in RNA subcellular localization prediction.
C_LIO_LIRNAlight is freely available at https://github.com/YangLab/RNAlight.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yuan, G.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, G.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.16.508211</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RNAlight: a machine learning model to identify nucleotide features determining RNA subcellular localization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.20.508723v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SRSF2 is required for mRNA splicing and spermatogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.20.508723v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RNA splicing plays significant roles in fundamental biological activities. However, our knowledge about the roles of alternative splicing and underlying mechanisms during spermatogenesis is limited. Here, we report that Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 2 (SRSF2), also known as SC35, plays critical roles in alternative splicing and male reproduction. Male germ cell-specific deletion of Srsf2 by Stra8-Cre caused complete infertility and defective spermatogenesis. Further analyses revealed that deletion of Srsf2 disrupted differentiation and meiosis initiation of spermatogonia. Mechanistically, by combining RNA-seq data with LACE-seq data, we showed that SRSF2 regulatory networks play critical roles in several major events including reproductive development, spermatogenesis, meiotic cell cycle, synapse organization, DNA recombination, chromosome segregation, and male sex differentiation. Furthermore, SRSF2 affected expression and alternative splicing of Stra8, Stag3 and Atr encoding critical factors for spermatogenesis in a direct manner. Taken together, our results demonstrate that SRSF2 has important functions in spermatogenesis and male fertility by regulating alternative splicing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, W.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, T.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>SU, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, M.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>yaoting, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schatten, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, W.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.20.508723</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SRSF2 is required for mRNA splicing and spermatogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.04.509869v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reconstruct a eukaryotic chromosome arm by de novo design and synthesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.04.509869v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The genome of an organism is inherited from its ancestor and keeps evolving over time, however, how much the current version could be altered remains unknown. Here, we use the left arm of chromosome XII (chrXIIL) as an example to probe the genome plasticity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A neochromosome was designed to harbor originally dispersed genes. The essentiality of sequences in chrXIIL was dissected by targeted DNA removal, chromosome truncation and random deletion. Notably, 12 genes were sufficient for survival, while 25 genes are required to retain robust fitness. Next, we demonstrated these genes could be reconstructed using synthetic regulatory sequences and recoded open-reading frames with "one-amino-acid-one-codon" strategy. Finally, we built a neochromsome, which could substitute for chrXIIL for cell viability, with these reconstructed genes. Our work not only highlights the high plasticity of yeast genome, but also illustrates the possibility of making functional chromosomes with completely artificial sequences.

HIGHLIGHTSO_LIA neochromosome was designed to facilitate the assembly of exogenous DNA for stable expression in yeast
C_LIO_LIThe left arm of chrXII could be minimized to just 12 genes to maintain viability, but additional genes were required to retain robust fitness
C_LIO_LIComprehensive recoding and transcriptional refactoring using artificial regulatory sequences produced a functional chromosome arm
C_LIO_LIA completely reconstructed neochromosome could replace the chrXIIL to maintain comparable fitness
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monti, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schindler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boeke, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.04.509869</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reconstruct a eukaryotic chromosome arm by de novo design and synthesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.09.511452v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular recognition of two endogenous hormones by the human parathyroid hormone receptor-1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.09.511452v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) are two endogenous hormones recognized by PTH receptor -1 (PTH1R), a member of class B G protein couple receptors (GPCRs). Both PTH and PTHrP analogs including teriparatide and abaloparatide, are approved drugs for osteoporosis, but they exhibit distinct pharmacology. Here we report two cryo-EM structures of human PTH1R bound to PTH and PTHrP in the G protein-bound state at resolutions of 2.6 and 3.2 [A], respectively. Detailed analysis of these structures uncovers both common and unique features for the agonism of PTH and PTHrP. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and together with site-directed mutagenesis studies reveal the molecular basis of endogenous hormones recognition specificity and selectivity to PTH1R. These results provide a rational template for the clinical use of PTH and PTHrP analogs as an anabolic therapy for osteoporosis and other disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, L.-h.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, H. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.09.511452</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular recognition of two endogenous hormones by the human parathyroid hormone receptor-1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.11.511762v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiple-trait subsampling for optimized ancestral trait reconstruction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.11.511762v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Large datasets along with sampling bias represent a challenge for phylodynamic reconstructions, particularly when the study data are obtained from various heterogeneous sources and/or through convenience sampling. In this study, we evaluate the presence of unbalanced sampled distribution by collection date, location, and risk group of HIV-1 subtype C using a compre-hensive subsampling strategy, and assess their impact on the reconstruction of the viral spatial and risk group dynamics using phylogenetic comparative methods. Our study shows that the most suitable dataset for ancestral trait reconstruction can be obtained through subsampling by collection date, location, and risk group, particularly using multigene datasets. We also demonstrate that sampling bias is inflated when considerable information for a given trait is unavailable or of poor quality, as we observed for the risk group in the analysis of HIV-1 subtype C. In conclusion, we suggest that, even if traits are not well recorded, including them deliberately optimizes the representativeness of the original dataset rather than completely excluding them. Therefore, we advise the inclusion of as many traits as possible with the aid of subsampling approaches in order to optimize the dataset for phylodynamic analysis while reducing the computational burden. This will benefit research communities investigating the evolutionary and spatiotemporal patterns of infectious diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trovao, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wertheim, J. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baele, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Bernardi Schneider, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.11.511762</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiple-trait subsampling for optimized ancestral trait reconstruction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.14.512192v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Born with intronless ERF transcriptional factors: C4 photosynthesis inherits a legacy dating back 450 million years 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.14.512192v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The genus Flaveria, containing species at different evolutionary stages of the progression from C3 to C4 photosynthesis, is used as a model system to study the evolution of C4 photosynthesis. Here, we report chromosome-scale genome sequences for five Flaveria species, including C3, C4, and intermediate species. Our analyses revealed that both acquiring additional gene copies and recruiting ethylene responsive factor (ERF) cis-regulatory elements (CREs) contributed to the emergence of C4 photosynthesis. ERF transcriptional factors (TFs), especially intronless ERF TFs, were co-opted in dicotyledonous C4 species and monocotyledonous C4 species in parallel. These C4 species co-opted intronless ERF TFs originated from the Late Ordovician mass extinction that occurred [~]450 million years ago in coping with environmental stress. Therefore, this study demonstrated that intronless ERF TFs were acquired during the early evolution of plants and provided the molecular toolbox facilitating multiple subsequent independent evolutions of C4 photosynthesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lyu, M.-j. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, F.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, X.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.14.512192</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Born with intronless ERF transcriptional factors: C4 photosynthesis inherits a legacy dating back 450 million years]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.14.512265v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SCTC: inference of developmental potential from single-cell transcriptional complexity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.14.512265v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Inference of single-cell developmental potential from scRNA-Seq data enables us to reconstruct the pseudo-temporal path of cell development, which is an important and challenging task for single-cell analysis. Single-cell transcriptional diversity (SCTD), measured by the number of expressed genes per cell, has been found to be negatively correlated with the development time, and thus can be considered as a hallmark of developmental potential. However, in some cases, the gene expression level of the cells in the early stages of development may be lower than that of the later stages, which may lead to incorrect estimation of differentiation states by gene diversity-based inference. Here we refer to the economic complexity theory and propose single-cell transcriptional complexity (SCTC) metrics as a measure of single-cell developmental potential, given the intrinsic similarities between biological and economic complex systems. We take into account not only the number of genes expressed by cells, but also the more sophisticated structure information of gene expression by treating the scRNA-seq count matrix as a bipartite network. We show that complexity metrics characterize the developmental potential more accurately than the diversity metrics. Especially, in the early stages of development, cells typically have lower gene expression level than that in the later stages, while their complexity in the early stages is significantly higher than that in the later stages. Based on the measurement of SCTC, we provide an unsupervised method for accurate, robust, and transferable inference of single-cell pseudotime. Our findings suggest that the complexity emerging from the interaction between cells and genes determines the developmental potential, which may bring new insights into the understanding of biological development from the perspective of the complexity theory.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shuai, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.14.512265</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SCTC: inference of developmental potential from single-cell transcriptional complexity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.26.513842v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PEGG: A computational pipeline for rapid design of prime editing guide RNAs and sensor libraries 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.26.513842v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many human diseases have a strong association with diverse types of genetic alterations. These diseases include cancer, in which tumor genomes often harbor a complex spectrum of single-nucleotide alterations and chromosomal rearrangements that can perturb gene function in ways that remain poorly understood. Some cancer-associated genes exhibit a tremendous degree of mutational heterogeneity, which may impact disease initiation, progression, and therapy responses. For example, TP53, the most frequently mutated gene in cancer, shows extensive allelic variation that leads to the generation of altered proteins that can produce functionally distinct phenotypes. Whether distinct variants of TP53 and other genes encode proteins with loss-of-function, gain-of-function, or otherwise neomorphic phenotypes remains both controversial and technically challenging to assess, particularly at the endogenous level. Here, we present a high-throughput prime editing "sensor" strategy to quantitatively assess the functional impact of diverse types of endogenous genetic variants. We used this strategy to screen the largest collection of endogenous cancer-associated TP53 variants assembled to date, identifying both known and novel alleles that impact p53 function in mechanistically diverse ways. Intriguingly, we find that certain types of endogenous TP53 variants, particularly those in the p53 oligomerization domain, display opposite phenotypes in exogenous overexpression systems. These include disease-relevant variants found in humans with cancer predisposition syndromes that encode altered proteins with unique molecular properties. Our results emphasize the physiological importance of gene dosage in shaping native protein stoichiometry and protein-protein interactions, highlight the dangers of using exogenous overexpression systems to interpret pathogenic alleles, and establish a powerful computational and experimental framework for studying diverse types of genetic variants in their endogenous sequence context at scale.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gould, S. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez-Rivera, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.26.513842</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PEGG: A computational pipeline for rapid design of prime editing guide RNAs and sensor libraries]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.07.515530v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Scalable and Adaptive Ultra-high-density Fan-out Strategy for High-throughput Flexible Microelectrodes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.07.515530v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Flexible neural microelectrodes demonstrate higher compliance and better biocompatibility than rigid electrodes. They have multiple microfilaments can be freely distributed across different brain regions. However, high-density fan-out of high-throughput flexible microelectrodes remains a challenge since monolithic integration between electrodes and circuits is not currently available as it is for silicon electrodes. Here, we proposed a high-density fan-out strategy for high-throughput flexible electrodes. The flexible electrodes are partially overlapped on the printed circuit board (PCB). A modified wire bonding method is used to reduce the pads area on the PCB. Both the traces and pads on the PCB are optimized to minimize the back-end package. It is significantly reducing the connection area. In addition, the vertical rather than horizontal connection between the connector and the PCB further decrease the volume of the package. 1024 channel flexible electrodes are bonded to the high-density PCB within an area of 11.8x10mm2, and the success connection rate can reach 100%. The high-density fan-out strategy proposed in this paper can effectively reduce the volume of high-throughput flexible electrodes after packaging, which facilitates the miniaturization of in vivo multichannel recording devices and contributes to long-term recording.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gui, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pei, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.07.515530</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Scalable and Adaptive Ultra-high-density Fan-out Strategy for High-throughput Flexible Microelectrodes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.10.516071v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Default But Not Rest: Topological Discrimination Defines the Default Mode Network 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.10.516071v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The default mode network (DMN), a set of transmodal cortical regions, has historically been argued to serve the internal functions of brain. The discovery of this network highlighted the brains intrinsic operations. The DMN generally decreases its activity during tasks and increases its activity during relaxed non-task states. It is important to investigate the nature of the DMN in order to understand the human brain in health and disease. In the current study, we discovered a task-related cortical network we called the Topological Discrimination Network (TDN), which was consistently revealed by contrasting activations from topological discrimination tasks with local geometric discrimination tasks. The TDN and the DMN consist of essentially the same group of brain regions and the fMRI response of topological discrimination in those regions exhibited consistent temporal dynamics with resting state. The robustness of the TDN is supported by multiple experiments performed at different field strengths (3T and 7T MRI scanner) as well as different types of signals measured (BOLD and CBF). The collective results suggest that the process of topological discrimination could almost be considered as a functional "default mode" of our brain. The TDN, like the DMN, could define the functional baseline of brain, with the advantage of functional consistency across participants and experimental sessions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.10.516071</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Default But Not Rest: Topological Discrimination Defines the Default Mode Network]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.17.516980v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell-type annotation with accurate unseen cell-type identification using multiple references 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.17.516980v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) techniques have stimulated efforts to identify and characterize the cellular composition of complex tissues. With the advent of various sequencing techniques, automated cell-type annotation using a well-annotated scRNA-seq reference becomes popular but relies on the diversity of cell types in the reference. There are generally unseen cell types in the query data of interest because most data atlases are obtained for different purposes and techniques. When annotating new query data, identifying unseen cell types is fundamental not only for improving annotation accuracy but also for novel biological discoveries. Here, we propose mtANN (multiple-reference-based scRNA-seq data annotation), a new method to automatically annotate query data while accurately identifying unseen cell types with the aid of multiple references. Key innovations of mtANN include the integration of deep learning and ensemble learning to improve prediction accuracy, and the introduction of a new metric defined from three complementary aspects to distinguish between unseen cell types and shared cell types. In addition, a data-driven method is provided to adaptively select threshold for unseen cell-type identification. We demonstrate the advantages of mtANN over state-of-the-art methods for unseen cell-type identification and cell-type annotation on two benchmark dataset collections, as well as its predictive power on a collection of COVID-19 datasets. The source code and tutorial are available at https://github.com/Zhangxf-ccnu/mtANN.

Author summarySingle-cell transcriptomics is rapidly advancing our understanding of the cellular composition of complex tissues and organisms. With the advent of various sequencing techniques, automatic cell-type annotation using well-annotated single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) references has become popular. Compared with unsupervised cell-type annotation methods, it can be more easily applied to different data, saving labor and time costs. However, it relies on the diversity of cell types in the reference so there are generally unseen cell types in the query data. These unseen cell types need to be identified when annotating new sequencing data not only for improving annotation accuracy but also for novel biological discoveries. To address these issues, we propose mtANN, a new method to automatically annotate query data while accurately identify unseen cell types with the help of multiple references. We demonstrate the annotation performance of mtANN in PBMC and Pancreas collections when different proportions of unseen cell types are present in the query dataset. We also verify the practical application of mtANN in a collection of COVID-19 datasets for patients with different symptoms. When there are unseen cell types in the query dataset, mtANN is able to identify the unseen cell types and accurately annotate the shared cell types, especially the two cell types that are biologically similar.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yixuan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mengguo, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luonan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiaofei, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.17.516980</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell-type annotation with accurate unseen cell-type identification using multiple references]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.20.517165v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Architecture of chloroplast TOC-TIC translocon supercomplex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.20.517165v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chloroplasts rely on the translocon complexes in the outer and inner envelope membranes (termed TOC and TIC, respectively) to import thousands of different nuclear-encoded proteins from the cytosol1-4. While previous studies indicated that the TOC and TIC complexes may assemble into larger supercomplexes5-7, the overall architectures of the TOC-TIC supercomplexes and the mechanism of preprotein translocation are elusive. Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the TOC-TIC supercomplex from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii at an overall resolution of 2.8 [A]. The major subunits of the TOC complex (Toc75, Toc90 and Toc34) and TIC complex (Tic214, Tic20, Tic100 and Tic56), three chloroplast translocon-associated proteins (Ctap3, Ctap4 and Ctap5) and three newly-identified small inner-membrane proteins (Simp1-3) have been located in the supercomplex. As the largest protein, Tic214 traverses the inner membrane, the intermembrane space and the outer membrane, connecting the TOC complex with the TIC proteins. An inositol hexaphosphate (InsP6 or I6P) molecule is located at the Tic214-Toc90 interface and stabilizes their assembly. Moreover, four lipid molecules are located within or above an inner-membrane funnel formed by Tic214, Tic20, Simp1 and Ctap5. Furthermore, multiple potential pathways found in the TOC-TIC supercomplex may support translocation of different substrate preproteins into chloroplasts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rochaix, J.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.20.517165</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Architecture of chloroplast TOC-TIC translocon supercomplex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.03.518956v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bioinformatics techniques for efficient structure prediction of SARS-CoV-2 protein ORF7a via structure prediction approaches 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.03.518956v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein is the building block for all organisms. Protein structure prediction is always a complicated task in the field of proteomics. DNA and protein databases can find the primary sequence of the peptide chain and even similar sequences in different proteins. Mainly, there are two methodologies based on the presence or absence of a template for Protein structure prediction. Template-based structure prediction (threading and homology modeling) and Template-free structure prediction (ab initio). Numerous web-based servers that either use templates or do not can help us forecast the structure of proteins. In this current study, ORF7a, a transmembrane protein of the SARS-coronavirus, is predicted using Phyre2, IntFOLD, and Robetta. The protein sequence is straightforwardly entered into the sequence bar on all three web servers. Their findings provided information on the domain, the region with the disorder, the global and local quality score, the predicted structure, and the estimated error plot. Our study presents the structural details of the SARS-CoV protein ORF7a. This immunomodulatory component binds to immune cells and induces severe inflammatory reactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kazmi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kazim, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aslam, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kazmi, S. M.-u.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wahab, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mikhlef, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khizar, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kazmi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wazir, N. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mainali, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.03.518956</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bioinformatics techniques for efficient structure prediction of SARS-CoV-2 protein ORF7a via structure prediction approaches]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.06.519083v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Large-scale benchmarking of circRNA detection tools reveals large differences in sensitivity but not in precision 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.06.519083v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The detection of circular RNA molecules (circRNAs) is typically based on short-read RNA sequencing data processed by computational detection tools. During the last decade, a plethora of such tools have been developed, but a systematic comparison with orthogonal validation is missing. Here, we set up a circRNA detection tool benchmarking study, in which 16 tools were used and detected over 315,000 unique circRNAs in three deeply sequenced human cell types. Next, 1,516 predicted circRNAs were empirically validated using three orthogonal methods. Generally, tool-specific precision values are high and similar (median of 98.8%, 96.3%, and 95.5% for qPCR, RNase R, and amplicon sequencing, respectively) whereas the sensitivity and number of predicted circRNAs (ranging from 1,372 to 58,032) are the most significant tool differentiators. Furthermore, we demonstrate the complementarity of tools through the increase in detection sensitivity by considering the union of highly-precise tool combinations while keeping the number of false discoveries low. Finally, based on the benchmarking results, recommendations are put forward for circRNA detection and validation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vromman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anckaert, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bortoluzzi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buratin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuang, T.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dehghannasiri, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dieterich, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flicek, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaffo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffmann, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Izuogu, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jakobi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nuytens, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salzman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santibanez-Koref, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stadler, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thas, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vanden Eynde, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verniers, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Westholm, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yigit, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, G.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vandesompele, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Volders, P.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.06.519083</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Large-scale benchmarking of circRNA detection tools reveals large differences in sensitivity but not in precision]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.06.519249v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The first homosporous lycophyte genome revealed the association between the dynamic accumulation of LTR-RTs and genome size variation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.06.519249v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lycophytes and euphyllophytes (ferns and seed plants) are the two surviving lineages of vascular plants. The modern lycophytes (clubmosses) are herbaceous found either heterosporous (Isoetales and Selaginellales) or homosporous (Lycopodiales). The contrasting genome size between homosporous and heterosporous plants has long been an attractive topic. Most clubmosses are the resource plants of Huperzine A (HupA) which is invaluable for treating Alzheimers disease, but the evolutionary trajectory of which in land plants is unexplored. To better understand these fundamental questions, the genome data of a homosporous lycophyte is urgently required. We generated the Lycopodium clavatum L. genome by applying a reformed pipeline for filtering out non-plant sequences. The obtained genome size is 2.30 Gb, distinguished in more than 85% repetitive elements of which 62% is LTR. Two whole genome duplications (WGDs) are rigorously detected. The content of LTR-RTs was more than ten times higher in homosporous lycophytes than heterosporous ones, although most appeared within one Mya. Then, we find that the LTR-RTs birth-death mode (a much greater birth and extremely slower death) contributes the accumulation of LTR-RTs resulting homosporous lycophyte genome expansion, while in heterosporous lycophytes, the mode is exactly the opposite. Furthermore, the five necessary enzymes of the HupA biosynthetic pathway were identified in the L. clavatum genome, but absent in the other land plants. This decoded genome data will be a key cornerstone to elucidating the fundamental aspects of lycophyte biology and land plant evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>WEI, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiang, Q.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.06.519249</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The first homosporous lycophyte genome revealed the association between the dynamic accumulation of LTR-RTs and genome size variation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.11.519948v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
From whole genome to probiotic candidates: a study of potential Lactobacillus strain selection for vaginitis treatment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.11.519948v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Vaginitis is a syndrome characterized by not only the invasion of pathogens, but also the lack of Lactobacillus. Lactobacillus supplementation emerged as an innovative therapy for vaginitis which targeted the vaginal microbiota in recent years. However, limited live biotherapeutic products were explicitly marketed for this. The aim of our study is to characterize the potential Lactobacillus candidates for enhancing the treatment of vaginitis. Initially, 98 Lactobacillus isolates with whole genome were selected into the candidate pool. The genomic pathways involved in the biosynthesis of probiotic metabolites, adhering ability and acid/bile resistance, as well as sequences of antibiotic resistance genes, plasmids, transposons, viruses, and prophages were annotated. A scoring model was then established based on genomic analysis for ranking the performance of the strains, and the top-performing ones were applied to in vitro tests for sub-screening. As a result, two candidates were selected, and their probiotic abilities were verified with three reference strains. L. crispatus LG55-27 and L. gasseri TM13-16 presented outstanding ability to produce D-lactate and adhere to human vaginal epithelial cells. They also showed higher antimicrobial activity against Gardnerella vaginalis, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa than control ones. Their acid/bile-resistant ability suggested the potential of oral supplementation. Strain LG55-27 and TM13-16 also display improved effects on pH changes, and the production of inflammation cytokines in BV model rats. This study provided a probiotic dosage recommendation for vaginitis treatment by demonstrating an effective probiotic screening pipeline based on genome sequences, in vitro tests and in vivo BV model experiment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lyu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ge, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.11.519948</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[From whole genome to probiotic candidates: a study of potential Lactobacillus strain selection for vaginitis treatment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.12.519838v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multimodal Imaging-Based Classification of PTSD Using Data-Driven Computational Approaches: A Multisite Big Data Study from the ENIGMA-PGC PTSD Consortium 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.12.519838v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundCurrent clinical assessments of Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) rely solely on subjective symptoms and experiences reported by the patient, rather than objective biomarkers of the illness. Recent advances in data-driven computational approaches have been helpful in devising tools to objectively diagnose psychiatric disorders. Here we aimed to classify individuals with PTSD versus controls using heterogeneous brain datasets from the ENIGMA-PGC PTSD Working group.

MethodsWe analyzed brain MRI data from 3,527 structural-MRI; 2,502 resting state-fMRI; and 1,953 diffusion-MRI. First, we identified the brain features that best distinguish individuals with PTSD from controls (TEHC and HC) using traditional machine learning methods. Second, we assessed the utility of the denoising variational autoencoder (DVAE) and evaluated its classification performance. Third, we assessed the generalizability and reproducibility of both models using leave-one-site-out cross-validation procedure for each modality.

ResultsWe found lower performance in classifying PTSD vs. controls with data from over 20 sites (60% test AUC for s-MRI, 59% for rs-fMRI and 56% for d-MRI), as compared to other studies run on single-site data. The performance increased when classifying PTSD from HC without trauma history across all three modalities (75% AUC). The classification performance remained intact when applying the DVAE framework, which reduced the number of features. Finally, we found that the DVAE framework achieved better generalization to unseen datasets compared with the traditional machine learning frameworks, albeit performance was slightly above chance.

ConclusionOur findings highlight the promise offered by machine learning methods for the diagnosis of patients with PTSD. The utility of brain biomarkers across three MRI modalities and the contribution of DVAE models for improving generalizability offers new insights into neural mechanisms involved in PTSD.

Significance Classifying PTSD from trauma-unexposed healthy controls (HC) using three imaging modalities performed well ([~]75% AUC), but performance suffered markedly when classifying PTSD from trauma-exposed healthy controls (TEHC) using three imaging modalities ([~]60% AUC).
 Using deep learning for feature reduction (denoising variational auto-encoder; DVAE) dramatically reduced the number of features with no concomitant performance degradation.
 Utilizing denoising variational autoencoder (DVAE) models improves generalizability across heterogeneous multi-site data compared with the traditional machine learning frameworks
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravid, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suarez-Jimenez, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zilcha-Mano, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lazarov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdallah, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angstadt, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Averill, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baird, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baugh, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blackford, J. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bomyea, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruce, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bryant, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cisler, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cotton, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniels, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davenport, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeBellis, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dennis, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Densmore, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>deRoon-Cassini, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Disner, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El Hage, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Etkin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fani, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fercho, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fitzgerald, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forster, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frijling, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geuze, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonenc, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruber, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grupe, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guenette, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haswell, C. C</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.12.519838</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multimodal Imaging-Based Classification of PTSD Using Data-Driven Computational Approaches: A Multisite Big Data Study from the ENIGMA-PGC PTSD Consortium]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.14.520393v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Non-specific vs specific DNA binding free energetics of a transcription factor domain protein for target search and recognition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.14.520393v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcription factor (TF) proteins regulate gene expression by binding to specific sites on the genome. In the facilitated diffusion model, an optimized search process is achieved by the TF protein alternating between 3D diffusion in the bulk and 1D diffusion along DNA. While undergoing 1D diffusion, the protein can switch from a search mode for fast diffusion along non-specific DNA to a recognition mode for stable binding to specific DNA. It was recently noticed that for a small TF domain protein, re-orientations on DNA other than conformational changes happen between the non-specific and specific DNA binding. We here conducted all-atom molecular dynamics simulations with steering forces to reveal the protein-DNA binding free energetics, with a difference between the non-specific and specific binding about 10 kBT, confirming that the search and recognition modes are distinguished only by protein orientations on the DNA. As the binding free energy difference differs from that being estimated from experimental measurements about 4-5 kBT on 15-bp DNA constructs, we hypothesize that the discrepancy comes from DNA sequences flanking the 6-bp central binding sites impacting on the dissociation kinetics measurements. The hypothesis is supported by a simplified spherical protein-DNA model along with stochastic simulations and kinetic modeling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Al Masri, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.14.520393</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Non-specific vs specific DNA binding free energetics of a transcription factor domain protein for target search and recognition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.25.521903v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Impact of BA.1, BA.2, and BA.4/BA.5 Omicron Mutations on Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.25.521903v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The emergence of Omicron SARS-CoV-2 subvariants (BA.1, BA.2, BA.4, and BA.5) with an unprecedented number of mutations in their receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike-protein has fueled a new surge of COVID-19 infections, posing a major challenge to the efficacy of existing vaccines and monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutics. Here, a thorough and systematic molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study is conducted to investigate how the RBD mutations on these subvariants affect the interactions with broad mAbs including AstraZeneca (COV2-2196 and COV2-2130), Brii Biosciences (BRII-196), Celltrion (CT-P59), Eli Lilly (LY-CoV555 and LY-CoV016), Regeneron (REGN10933 and REGN10987), Vir Biotechnology (S309), and S2X259. Our results show a complete loss of binding for COV2-2196, BRII-196, CT-P59, and LY-CoV555 with all Omicron RBDs. REGN10987 also loses its binding against BA.1 but partially retains against BA.2 and BA.4/5. The reduction in binding is either significant for LY-CoV016 and REGN10933 or moderate for COV2-2130. S309 and S2X259 retain their binding strength against BA.1 but decrease against others. We introduce a mutational escape map for each mAb to identify the key RBD sites and critical mutation. Overall, our findings suggest that majority of therapeutic mAbs have diminished or lost their activity against Omicron subvariants, indicating the urgent need for a new therapeutic mAb, modifying current ones with a better mAb design, or seeking an alternative approach.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jawad, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adhikari, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Podgornik, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ching, W.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.25.521903</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Impact of BA.1, BA.2, and BA.4/BA.5 Omicron Mutations on Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.07.523067v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DPHL v2: An updated and comprehensive DIA pan-human assay library for quantifying more than 14,000 proteins. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.07.523067v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A comprehensive pan-human spectral library is critical for biomarker discovery using mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics. DPHL v1, a previous pan-human library built from 1096 data-dependent acquisition (DDA) MS data of 16 human tissue types, allows quantifying 10,943 proteins. However, a major limitation of DPHL v1 is the lack of semi-tryptic peptides and protein isoforms, which are abundant in clinical specimens. Here, we generated DPHL v2 from 1608 DDA-MS data acquired using Orbitrap mass spectrometers. The data included 586 DDA-MS newly acquired from 17 tissue types, while 1022 files were derived from DPHL v1. DPHL v2 thus comprises data from 24 sample types, including several cancer types (lung, breast, kidney, and prostate cancer, among others). We generated four variants of DPHL v2 to include semi-tryptic peptides and protein isoforms. DPHL v2 was then applied to a publicly available colorectal cancer dataset with 286 DIA-MS files. The numbers of identified and significantly dysregulated proteins increased by at least 21.7% and 14.2%, respectively, compared with DPHL v1. Our findings show that the increased human proteome coverage of DPHL v2 provides larger pools of potential protein biomarkers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xue, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yue, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, T. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piersma, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jimenez, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>A, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.07.523067</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DPHL v2: An updated and comprehensive DIA pan-human assay library for quantifying more than 14,000 proteins.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.23.525173v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Topological design principle for the robustness of necroptosis biphasic, emergent, and coexistent (BEC) dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.23.525173v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biphasic dynamics, the variable-dependent ability to enhance or restrain biological function, is prevalent in natural systems. Accompanied by biphasic dynamics, necroptosis signaling dominated by RIP1 also appears emergent and coexistent dynamics. Here, we identify the RIP1-RIP3-C8 incoherent feedforward loop embedded with positive feedback of RIP3 to RIP1 is the core topology, and the scale-free feature of RIP3 peak value dictates necroptosis BEC dynamics. Entropy production is introduced to quantify the uncertainty of coexistent dynamics. RIP3 auto-phosphorylation is further determined as a complementary process for robustly attaining necroptosis BEC dynamics. Through screening all possible two- and three-node circuit topologies, a complete atlas of three-node circuit BEC dynamics is generated and only three minimal circuits emerge as robust solutions, proving incoherent feedforward loop is the core topology. Overall, through highlighting a finite set of circuits, this study yields guiding principles for mapping, modulating, and designing circuits for BEC dynamics in biological systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shuai, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.23.525173</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Topological design principle for the robustness of necroptosis biphasic, emergent, and coexistent (BEC) dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.31.526401v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
IMPACT: a web server for exploring immunotherapeutic predictive and cancer prognostic biomarkers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.31.526401v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a breakthrough in oncology treatment, and studies of screening predictive biomarkers of ICIs are emerging. We developed a web server named IMPACT (http://impact.brbiotech.com/) to thoroughly explore immunotherapeutic predictive or prognostic biomarkers. IMPACT contains a large dataset of 6,276 patients treated with ICIs and integrates 11 well-designed function modules, enabling an in-depth solution for biomarkers exploration. Compared with the existing tools, IMPACT was implemented with one exclusive module for interaction analysis and several optimized conventional functions for discovering novel biomarkers. Specifically, the interaction analysis of biomarker-treatment effect is essential to determine whether a biomarker is predictive and/or prognostic for ICIs. Moreover, several optimized functions allow complicated biomarker exploration, including customized selections of variant types in more detail, automatically screening meaningful co-mutations among multiple genes, and selecting cut-off values for gene expression biomarkers. In summary, IMPACT is a comprehensive analysis resource to facilitate biomarker research of ICIs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.31.526401</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[IMPACT: a web server for exploring immunotherapeutic predictive and cancer prognostic biomarkers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.21.529340v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell RNA sequencing to explore the immune process difference between Kawasaki disease and febrile patients 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.21.529340v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundKawasaki disease (KD) is an acute systemic vasculitis that can lead to acquired heart disease in children mostly from in developed countries. The previous research showed that B cells in KD patients underwent a profound change in both the cell numbers and types after intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy.

MethodsWe performed the single-cell RNA-sequencing for the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from three febrile patients and three KD patients to investigate the possible mechanism underlying B cell developmental dysfunction in KD. A previously published single-cell sequencing KD dataset (GSE168732) was also utilized in study for sample size expansion and validation. The comprehensive single-cell data analyses were applied for our dataset and GSE168732 dataset including single-cell trajectory analysis. To validate the immune disorders in KD, we measured immune-related indicators from 28 KD and 28 febrile patients.

ResultOverall single-cell expression profiles show that the biological processes of immunity, B cell activation pathway and their related biological entities are repressed in KD patients before IVIG treatment compared to febrile patient and KD patients after IVIG treatment. The differentially expressed gene analyses further demonstrate that B cell signaling pathway is downregulated in B cells and plasma blast cells of KD patients before treatment while cell cycle genes and MYC gene are upregulated in dendritic cells (DCs) and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) of KD patients before treatment. The biological process of immune response is upregulated in the HSPCs of KD patients before treatment in our dataset while the biological process of inflammatory response is upregulated in the HSPCs of KD patients before treatment in GSE168732 dataset. Single-cell trajectory analyses demonstrate that KD patients before treatment have a shortened developmental path in which B cells and T cells are failed to differentiate into separate lineages. HSPD1 and HSPE1 genes show an elevated expression level in the early cell development stage of KD patients before treatment accompanied with the repression of MYC, SPI1, MT2A and UBE2C genes. Our analyses of all B cells from KD patients before treatment show most of B cells are arrested in a transitional state with an ill developmental path compared with febrile patients and KD patients after treatment. The percentage and absolute value of CD8 T cells in KD were lower than those in febrile patients. The ratio of CD4/CD8 in KD was higher than it in febrile patients. The serum levels of IgG and IgM in KD were lower than those in febrile patients.

ConclusionsOur results indicate that the immune premature HSPCs accompanied with the abnormal expression dynamics of cell cycle and SPI1 genes are the mechanism underlying B cell developmental dysfunction in KD patients.

FundingThis work is jointly supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (82170518) and the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee research Funding (22Y11909700) and Shanghai Jinshan District medical key specialty Funding (JSZK2023A04).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.21.529340</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell RNA sequencing to explore the immune process difference between Kawasaki disease and febrile patients]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.23.529672v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Angiopoietin-like 4 promotes the proliferation and migration of epidermal stem cells and contributes to the re-epithelialization of cutaneous wounds 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.23.529672v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Proliferation and migration of epidermal stem cells (EpSCs) are essential for epithelialization during skin wound healing. Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) has been reported to play an important role in wound healing, but the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. Here we investigate the contribution of ANGPTL4 to full-thickness wound re-epithelialization and the underlying mechanisms using Angptl4 knockout mice. Immunohistochemical staining reveals that ANGPTL4 is significantly upregulated in the basal layer cells of the epidermis around the wound during cutaneous wound healing. ANGPTL4 deficiency impairs wound healing. H & E staining shows that ANGPTL4 deficiency significantly reduces the thickness, length and area of regenerated epidermis postwounding. Immunohistochemical staining for markers of EpSCs (6 integrin and {beta}1 integrin) and cell proliferation (PCNA) shows that the number and proliferation of EpSCs in the basal layer of the epidermis are reduced in ANGPTL4-deficient mice. In vitro studies show that ANGPTL4 deficiency impedes EpSC proliferation, causes cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase and reduced the expression of cyclins D1 and A2, which can be reversed by ANGPTL4 overexpression. ANGPTL4 deletion suppresses EpSC migration, which is also rescued by ANGPTL4 overexpression. Overexpression of ANGPTL4 in EpSCs accelerates cell proliferation and migration. Collectively, our results indicate that ANGPTL4 promotes EpSCs proliferation by upregulating cyclins D1 and A2 expression and accelerating cell cycle transition from G1 to S phase, and ANGPTL4 promotes skin wound re-epithelialization by stimulating EpSC proliferation and migration. Our study reveals a novel mechanism underlying EpSC activation and re-epithelialization during cutaneous wound healing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ju, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.23.529672</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Angiopoietin-like 4 promotes the proliferation and migration of epidermal stem cells and contributes to the re-epithelialization of cutaneous wounds]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.24.529791v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A cataract-causing Y204X mutation of CRYβB1 promotes C-terminal degradation and higher-order oligomerization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.24.529791v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Crystallin (Cry) proteins are a class of main structural proteins of vertebrate eye lens, and their solubility and stability directly determine transparency and refractive power of the lens. Mutation in genes that encode for these Cry proteins is the common cause for congenital cataract. Despite extensive studies, the pathogenic and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we identified a novel mutation in CRYBB1 from a congenital cataract family, and demonstrated that this mutation led to an earlier termination of protein translation, resulting in a 49-residue truncation at the CRY{beta}B1 C-terminus. This mutant is susceptible to proteolysis and allows us to determine a 1.2- [A] resolution crystal structure of CRY{beta}B1 without the entire C-terminal domain. In this crystal lattice, two N-terminal domain monomers form a dimer that structurally resembles a wild-type (WT) monomer, but with different surface characteristics. Biochemical analyses suggest that this mutant is significantly more liable to aggregate and degrade, when compared to WT CRY{beta}B1. All our results provide an insight into the mechanism regarding how a mutant Cry contributes to the development of congenital cataract possibly through alteration of inter-protein interactions that result in the opacity of eye lens.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jing, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, Y.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.24.529791</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A cataract-causing Y204X mutation of CRYβB1 promotes C-terminal degradation and higher-order oligomerization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.24.529806v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Excessive apoptosis of naïve T cells resulting hyperactivation as a cause of mammalian aging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.24.529806v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In mammals, the most remarkable T cell variations with aging are the shrinking of naive T cell pool and enlargement of memory T cell pool, which are partially caused by thymic involution. However, it remains an enigma whether these T-cell-related changes are consequences or causes of mammalian aging. In this study, we find that the T-cell specific Rip1 KO mice present similar age-related T cell changes and exhibit signs of accelerated aging, including inflammation, multiple age-related diseases and a shorter lifespan. Mechanistically, T cells lacking RIP1 displayed excessive apoptosis, leading to T cell compensatory proliferation, hyperactivation, increased inflammation, and ultimately premature death. Consistent with this, blocking apoptosis by co-deletion of Fadd in Rip1 deficient T cells significantly recovered the lymphopenia and imbalance between naive and memory T cell, substantially restored ageing-related phenotypes, and prolonged life span in T-cell specific Rip1 KO mice. These results suggest that changes in T cells play a causal role in mammalian aging. Therefore, replenishing or blocking apoptosis of naive T cells could offer new therapeutic approaches for aging and age-related diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouyang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.24.529806</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Excessive apoptosis of naïve T cells resulting hyperactivation as a cause of mammalian aging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.12.532219v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolutionary changes in the number of dissociable amino acids on spike proteins and nucleoproteins of SARS-CoV-2 variants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.12.532219v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for target recognition, cellular entry, and endosomal escape of the virus. At the same time, it is the part of the virus which exhibits the greatest sequence variation across the many variants which have emerged during its evolution. Recent studies have indicated that with progressive lineage emergence, the positive charge on the spike protein has been increasing, with certain positively charged amino acids improving the binding of the spike protein to cell receptors. We have performed a detailed analysis of dissociable amino acids of more than 1400 different SARS-CoV-2 lineages which confirms these observations while suggesting that this progression has reached a plateau with omicron and its subvariants and that the positive charge is not increasing further. Analysis of the nucleocapsid protein shows no similar increase of positive charge with novel variants, which further indicates that positive charge of the spike protein is being evolutionarily selected for. Furthermore, comparison with the spike proteins of known coronaviruses shows that already the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 spike protein carries an unusually large amount of positively charged amino acids when compared to most other betacoronaviruses. Our study sheds a light on the evolutionary changes in the number of dissociable amino acids on the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, complementing existing studies and providing a stepping stone towards a better understanding of the relationship between the spike protein charge and viral infectivity and transmissibility.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bozic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Podgornik, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.12.532219</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolutionary changes in the number of dissociable amino acids on spike proteins and nucleoproteins of SARS-CoV-2 variants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.20.533349v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A meta-analysis of immune cell fractions at high resolution reveals novel associations with common phenotypes and health outcomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.20.533349v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AbstractO_ST_ABSBackgroundC_ST_ABSChanges in cell-type composition of complex tissues are associated with a wide range of diseases, environmental risk factors and may be causally implicated in disease development and progression. However, these shifts in cell-type fractions are often of a low magnitude, or involve similar cell-subtypes, making their reliable identification challenging. DNA methylation profiling in a tissue like blood is a promising approach to discover shifts in cell-type abundance, yet studies have only been performed at a relatively low cellular resolution and in isolation, limiting their power to detect these shifts in tissue composition.

MethodsHere we derive a DNA methylation reference matrix for 12 immune cell-types in human blood and extensively validate it with flow-cytometric count data and in whole-genome bisulfite sequencing data of sorted cells. Using this reference matrix and Stouffers method, we perform a meta-analysis encompassing 25,629 blood samples from 22 different cohorts, to comprehensively map associations between the 12 immune-cell fractions and common phenotypes, including health outcomes.

ResultsOur meta-analysis reveals many associations with age, sex, smoking and obesity, many of which we validate with single-cell RNA-sequencing. We discover that T-regulatory and naive T-cell subsets are higher in women compared to men, whilst the reverse is true for monocyte, natural killer, basophil and eosinophil fractions. In a large subset encompassing 5000 individuals we find associations with stress, exercise, sleep and health outcomes, revealing that naive T-cell and B-cell fractions are associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality independently of age, sex, race, smoking, obesity and alcohol consumption. We find that decreased natural killer cell counts are associated with smoking, obesity and stress levels, whilst an increased count correlates with exercise, sleep and a reduced risk of all-cause mortality.

ConclusionsThis work derives and extensively validates a high resolution DNAm reference matrix for blood, and uses it to generate a comprehensive map of associations between immune cell fractions and common phenotypes, including health outcomes.

AvailabilityThe 12 immune cell-type DNAm reference matrices for Illumina 850k and 450k beadarrays alongside tools for cell-type fraction estimation are freely available from our EpiDISH Bioconductor R-package http://www.bioconductor.org/packages/devel/bioc/html/EpiDISH.html
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Luo, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dwaraka, V. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seale, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raffaele, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendez, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Begum, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendez, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voisin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eynon, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lasky-Su, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teschendorff, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.20.533349</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A meta-analysis of immune cell fractions at high resolution reveals novel associations with common phenotypes and health outcomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.07.535977v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A longitudinal resource for population neuroscience of school-age children and adolescents in China 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.07.535977v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During the past decade, cognitive neuroscience has been calling for population diversity to address the challenge of validity and generalizability, ushering in a new era of population neuroscience. The developing Chinese Color Nest Project (devCCNP, 2013-2022), a ten-year pilot stage of the lifespan CCNP (2013-2032), is an ongoing project focusing on brain-mind development. The project aims to create and share a large-scale, longitudinal and multimodal dataset of typically developing children and adolescents (ages 6.0-17.9 at enrolment) in the Chinese population. The devCCNP houses not only phenotypes measured by demographic, biophysical, psychological and behavioural, cognitive, affective, and ocular-tracking assessments but also neurotypes measured with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain morphometry, resting-state function, naturalistic viewing function and diffusion structure. This Data Descriptor introduces the first data release of devCCNP including a total of 864 visits from 479 participants. Herein, we provided details of the experimental design, sampling strategies, and technical validation of the devCCNP resource. We demonstrate and discuss the potential of a multicohort longitudinal design to depict normative brain growth curves from the perspective of developmental population neuroscience. The devCCNP resource is shared as part of the "Chinese Data-sharing Warehouse for In-vivo Imaging Brain" in the Chinese Color Nest Project (CCNP) - Lifespan Brain-Mind Development Data Community (https://www.scidb.cn/en/c/ccnp) at the Science Data Bank.

Design TypesO_LIAccelerated longitudinal design
C_LIO_LIBrain-mind development
C_LIO_LIPopulation imaging
C_LIO_LIBrain chart
C_LIO_LIRepeated measure
C_LI

MeasurementsO_LIPsychological behaviours
C_LIO_LIBiophysical and physical measures
C_LIO_LIIntelligence quotient measure
C_LIO_LINeuroimaging
C_LI

Sample Characteristic - OrganismO_LIHomo sapiens
C_LI

Sample Characteristic - EnvironmentO_LISchool- and community-based sample
C_LI

Sample Characteristic - LocationO_LIChongqing and Beijing, China
C_LI

DurationO_LI10 years (2013-2022)
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fan, X.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rong, M.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, Z.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, L.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, H.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nie, J.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ge, L.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mo, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, X.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, G.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, C.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, Z.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lifespan Brain Chart Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chinese Color Nest Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuo, X.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.07.535977</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A longitudinal resource for population neuroscience of school-age children and adolescents in China]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.11.536356v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Shin in the eye: Au-CS@FNDs as contact lens additives for blocking UV irradiation, bacterial keratitis, and corneal neovascularizationtherapies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.11.536356v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ophthalmic disease treatment remains a significant problem globally, resulting in poor vision and blindness. UV irradiation and bacterial infection may cause severe damage to the corneal, leading to vision loss within a few days. Corneal neovascular abnormally growth that bock lights reach to eyes, causes low vision. Thus it requires urgent and efficient clinical treatment. Contact lenses play an essential role in treating ophthalmic issues. In this work, we synthesized the chitosan-stabilized Au nanoparticles with a simple method. The Au nanoparticles were further physically adsorbed with negatively charged fluorescent nanodiamonds, yielding Au-CS@FNDs. These Au-CS@FNDs particles were proven with excellent UV adsorption, antibacterial properties, and photothermal conversation ability. Furthermore, we embedded Au-CS@FNDs particles into contact lenses to prevent corneal damage from UV light and bacterial infection. Moreover, the Au-CS@FNDs embedded contact lenses were used to inhibit the neovascularization in the Human Vascular Endothelial Cells via the photodynamic effect of Au nanoparticles. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that gold and diamond nanoparticles were used as additives in contact lenses, aiming at clinically corneal neovascular. Our results suggest that the controllable photothermal effect of Au-CS@FNDs embedded contact lenses may provide a unique way to intervene the neovascular-induced vision loss.



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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nie, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.11.536356</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Shin in the eye: Au-CS@FNDs as contact lens additives for blocking UV irradiation, bacterial keratitis, and corneal neovascularizationtherapies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.13.536693v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptomic profiling of nuclei from PFA-fixed and FFPE brain tissues 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.13.536693v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue archives are the largest repository of clinically annotated specimens, and FFPE-compatible single cell gene expression workflow had been developed and applied recently. However, for tissues where cells are hard to dissociate or brains with complex neuronal cells, nuclear transcriptomic profiling are desirable. Moreover, the effects of standard pathological practice on the transcriptome of samples obtained from such archived specimens was also largely anecdotal. Here, we performed RNA-seq of nuclei from hippocampal of mice that underwent freezing, paraformaldehyde (PFA) fixation, and paraffin embedding. Then, we comprehensively evaluated the parameters affecting mRNA quality, transcription patterns, functional level and cell states of nuclei, including PFA fixation time and storage time of FFPE tissues. The results showed that the transcriptome signatures of nuclei isolated from fresh PFA-fixed and fresh FFPE tissues were more similar to matched frozen samples. By contrast, the brain fixed for more than 3 days had prominent impacts on the sequencing data, such as the numbers and biotypes of gene, GC content and ratio of reads interval. Commensurately, prolonged fixation time will result in more differentially expressed genes, especially those enriched in spliceosome and synaptic related pathways, affecting the analysis of gene splicing and neuron cells. MuSiC deconvolution results revealed that PFA infiltrating brains for 3 days will destroy the real cell states, and the proportion of neuron, endothelial and oligodendrocytes diminished while that of microglia was reversed. Yet the effect of storage time on cell composition was more neglectable for FFPE samples. In addition, oligodendrocyte precursor cells were most affected in all fixed samples, and their destruction was independent of fixation time and preservation time. The comprehensive results highlighted that fixation time had much more influences on the nuclear transcriptomic profiles than FFPE retention time, and the cliff-like effects appeared to occur over a fixed period of 1-3 days, with no more differences from additional fixation durations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ge, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, G.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.13.536693</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptomic profiling of nuclei from PFA-fixed and FFPE brain tissues]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.25.538215v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phylogenomic Analyses Reveal Widespread Gene Flow During the Early Radiation of Oaks and Relatives (Fagaceae: Quercoideae) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.25.538215v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWOaks (Quercus), one of the most species-rich and ecologically dominant woody plant clades in the Northern Hemisphere, are well known for their propensity to hybridize and form syngameons, complexes where alleles are readily exchanged among closely related species. While hybridization has been extensively studied towards the tips of the oak phylogeny, the extent, timeline, and evolutionary scenarios of hybridization during the early radiation of oaks and related genera (Quercoideae) remain poorly known. Using an expansive new dataset of nuclear and chloroplast sequences (including up to 431 spp.), we conducted a multifaceted phylogenomic investigation of Quercus aimed at characterizing gene-tree and cytonuclear (chloroplast-nuclear) discordance and identifying ancient reticulation in the early evolution of the group. We document extensive nuclear gene-tree and cytonuclear discordance at deep nodes in Quercus and Quercoideae, with Quercus recovered as non-monophyletic in the chloroplast phylogeny. Analyses recovered clear signatures of gene flow against a backdrop of incomplete lineage sorting, with gene flow most prevalent among major lineages of Quercus and Quercoideae during their initial radiation, dated to the early-middle Eocene. Ancestral reconstructions including fossil data suggest that the ancestors of Castanea+Castanopsis, Lithocarpus, and the Old World oak clade co-occurred in North America and Eurasia, while the ancestors of Chrysolepis, Notholithocarpus, and the New World oak clade co-occurred in North America, offering ample opportunity for hybridization in each region. Following this initial phase of radiation and reticulation, we detected multiple niche shifts in Quercus and other Quercoideae genera that likely facilitated their expansion into new habitats arising from post-Eocene climatic changes. Our study shows that hybridization--perhaps in the form of ancient syngameons similar to those seen today--has been a common and important process throughout the evolutionary history of oaks and their close relatives.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valdes, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farnsworth, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kates, H. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siniscalchi, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guralnick, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soltis, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soltis, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stull, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Folk, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.25.538215</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phylogenomic Analyses Reveal Widespread Gene Flow During the Early Radiation of Oaks and Relatives (Fagaceae: Quercoideae)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.12.540502v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intermediate basal cell population in prostate homeostasis and cancer initiation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.12.540502v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many glandular epithelia are mainly composed of basal cells and luminal cells, including the prostate gland. Adult prostate basal and luminal cells are independently self-sustained by unipotent stem cells that can reactivate multipotency under prostate inflammation and carcinogenesis contexts. However, the defined basal stem cell populations responsible for prostate regeneration and their cell fates in prostate homeostasis, inflammation and carcinogenesis remain unclear. Using a genetic proliferation tracer (ProTracer) system, we found that basal cells exhibited extensive cell loss and proliferation during androgen-mediated prostate regression and regeneration, respectively. A rare intermediate basal cell population that expresses luminal cell markers (Nkx3.1 and Pbsn) (termed Basal-B) and a large basal cell population (termed Basal-A) were identified in mouse prostates by single-cell RNA sequencing. Basal-B cells exhibited a greater capacity for organoid formation and luminal cell differentiation in vitro. Genetic lineage tracing using dual recombinases showed that prostate homeostasis and regeneration are not driven by specific basal cell types. Fate-mapping results showed that Basal-B cells had a greater tendency to generate luminal cells under bacteria-induced prostate inflammation. Deletion of Pten in basal cells resulted in Basal-A-to-Basal-B-to-luminal transition and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Moreover, the human Basal-B-cell population was significantly increased in human benign prostate hyperplasia and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia samples compared with normal prostate samples. This study identifies intermediate Basal-B cells as a potential stem cell population and provides genetic evidence of prostate basal cell lineage plasticity under physiological and pathological contexts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guo, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ju, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.12.540502</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intermediate basal cell population in prostate homeostasis and cancer initiation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.22.541789v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic evidence for functions of Chloroplast CA in Pyropia yezoensis: decreased CCM but increased starch accumulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.22.541789v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To adapt to the change of intertidal environment, intertidal macroalgae have evolved complicated Ci utilization mechanism. However, our knowledge regarding the CO2 concentrating mechanism (CCM) of macroalgae is limited. Carbonic anhydrase (CA), a key component of CCM, plays important roles in many physiological reactions in various organisms. While there are a large number of genes encoding CA in the Pyropia yezoensis genome, the exact function of specific CA in P. yezoensis remains elusive. To explore the specific function of chloroplast CA in intertidal macroalgae, we produced chloroplast-localized {beta}CA1 knockdown mutants of P. yezoensis through RNA interference, and Pyca1i mutants showed a notable decrease in leaf area and overall biomass, as well as decreased soluble protein and unsaturated fatty acid content under different DIC conditions. However, Pyca1i mutants showed relatively higher starch content compared to the wild-type. The activity of enzymes involved in Calvin cycle, photorespiration, Pentose-phosphate pathway and floridean starch synthesis of P.yezoensis indicated an effective starch accumulation pathway after interference of {beta}CA1. All results suggest that the decreased activity of Py{beta}CA1 impaired the CCM and development of thalli of P.yezoensis, but stimulated starch accumulation in the cytoplasm through feedback to the photorespiration pathway and PP pathway to replenish intermediates for the Calvin cycle. This study is the first to explore the specific function of chloroplast CA in intertidal macroalgae using genomic technology. The results provide valuable insights into the adaption mechanisms of intertidal macroalgae to their environment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.22.541789</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic evidence for functions of Chloroplast CA in Pyropia yezoensis: decreased CCM but increased starch accumulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.01.543188v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Associative memory neurons of encoding multi-modal signals are recruited by neuroligin-3 mediated new synapse formation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.01.543188v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The joint storage and reciprocal retrieval of leant associated signals are presumably encoded by associative memory cells. In the accumulation and enrichment of memory contents in lifespan, a signal often becomes a core signal associatively shared for other signals. One specific group of associative memory neurons that encode this core signal likely interconnects multiple groups of associative memory neurons that encode these other signals for their joint storage and reciprocal retrieval. We have examined this hypothesis in a mouse model of associative learning by pairing the whisker tactile signal sequentially with the olfactory signal, the gustatory signal and the tail-heating signal. Mice experienced this associative learning show the whisker fluctuation induced by olfactory, gustatory and tail-heating signals, or the other way around, i.e., memories to multi-modal associated signals featured by their reciprocal retrievals. Barrel cortical neurons in these mice become able to encode olfactory, gustatory and tail-heating signals alongside the whisker signal. Barrel cortical neurons interconnect piriform, S1-Tr and gustatory cortical neurons. With the barrel cortex as the hub, the indirect activation occurs among piriform, gustatory and S1-Tr cortices for the second-order associative memory. These associative memory neurons recruited to encode multi-modal signals in the barrel cortex for associative memory are downregulated by neuroligin-3 knockdown. Thus, associative memory neurons can be recruited as the core cellular substrate to memorize multiple associated signals for the first-order and the second-order of associative memories by neuroligin-3-mediated synapse formation, which constitutes neuronal substrates of cognitive activities in the field of memoriology.

HighlightO_LIThe coactivity of cerebral cortices during associative learning induces their interconnections.
C_LIO_LIInterconnections endorse the first order and the second order of associative memory.
C_LIO_LIAssociative memory cells in cerebral cortices are recruited by mutual synapse innervations.
C_LIO_LINeuroligin-3 mediates the recruitment of associative memory cells for associative memory.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.01.543188</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Associative memory neurons of encoding multi-modal signals are recruited by neuroligin-3 mediated new synapse formation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.26.546514v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A pseudovirus-based method to dynamically mimic SARS-CoV-2-associated cell-to-cell fusion and transmission 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.26.546514v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 has caused the global tremendous loss and continues to evolve to generate variants. Entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the host cells is primarily mediated by Spike (S), which binds to the host receptor hACE2 and initiates virus-cell membrane fusion. Cell fusion contributes to viral entry, cell-to-cell transmission and tissue damage in COVID-19 patients. Many reporter assays have been developed to study S-mediated cell fusion by equally coculturing S-expressing cells and hACE2-positive cells. However, these strategies cannot fully simulate cell-to-cell fusion and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection, in which virions from a single target cell transmit to the neighbor cells and induce syncytia formation. Here, we design a pseudovirus-based method to dynamically mimic cell-to-cell fusion and transmission of SARS-CoV-2. We coculture a small number of pseudovirus-producing 293FT cells and a large number of hACE2-expressing 293T cells, and demonstrate that a single cell producing S-pseudotyped virions can induce significant syncytia of hACE2-positive cells. This pseudovirus-based method is a powerful tool to screen and estimate potential inhibitors of S-driven syncytia. Moreover, this strategy can also be utilized to explore fusogenic ability of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Together, the pseudovirus-based method we report here will be beneficial to drug screening and scientific research against SARS-CoV-2 or future emerging coronavirus.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.26.546514</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A pseudovirus-based method to dynamically mimic SARS-CoV-2-associated cell-to-cell fusion and transmission]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.05.547885v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Augmented Super-Resolution Radial Fluctuations (aSRRF) Pushing the Limits of Structured Illumination Microscopy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.05.547885v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is a versatile super-resolution technique known for its compatibility with a wide range of probes and fast implementation. While 3D SIM is capable of achieving a spatial resolution of [~]120 nm laterally and [~]300 nm axially, attempting to further enhance the resolution through methods such as nonlinear SIM or 4-beam SIM introduces complexities in optical configurations, increased phototoxicity, and reduced temporal resolution.

Here, we have developed a novel method that combines SIM with augmented super-resolution radial fluctuations (aSRRF) utilizing a single image through image augmentation. By applying aSRRF reconstruction to SIM images, we can enhance the SIM resolution to [~]50 nm isotopically, without requiring any modifications to the optical system or sample acquisition process. Additionaly, we have incorporated the aSRRF approach into an ImageJ plugin and demonstrated its versatility across various fluorescence microscopy images, showcasing a remarkable two-fold resolution increase.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toomre, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.05.547885</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Augmented Super-Resolution Radial Fluctuations (aSRRF) Pushing the Limits of Structured Illumination Microscopy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.20.549804v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Motion Transformer for Single Particle Tracking in Fluorescence Microscopy Images 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.20.549804v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single particle tracking is an important image analysis technique widely used in biomedical sciences to follow the movement of sub-cellular structures, which typically appear as individual particles in fluorescence microscopy images. In practice, the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of fluorescence microscopy images as well as the high density and complex movement of subcellular structures pose substantial technical challenges for accurate and robust tracking. In this paper, we propose a novel Transformer-based single particle tracking method called Motion Transformer Tracker (MoTT). By using its attention mechanism to learn complex particle behaviors from past and hypothetical future tracklets (i.e., fragments of trajectories), MoTT estimates the matching probabilities between each live/established tracklet and its multiple hypothesis tracklets simultaneously, as well as the existence probability and position of each live tracklet. Global optimization is then used to find the overall best matching for all live tracklets. For those tracklets with high existence probabilities but missing detections due to e.g., low SNRs, MoTT utilizes its estimated particle positions to substitute for the missed detections, a strategy we refer to as relinking in this study. Experiments have confirmed that this strategy substantially alleviates the impact of missed detections and enhances the robustness of our tracking method. Overall, our method substantially outperforms competing state-of-the-art methods on the ISBI Particle Tracking Challenge datasets. It provides a powerful tool for studying the complex spatiotemporal behavior of subcellular structures. The source code is publicly available at https://github.com/imzhangyd/MoTT.git.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.20.549804</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Motion Transformer for Single Particle Tracking in Fluorescence Microscopy Images]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.27.549809v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Correlation of a pan-tissue epigenetic mitotic clock with tumor cell-of-origin 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.27.549809v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cumulative number of stem cell divisions in a tissue, known as mitotic age, is thought to be a major determinant of cancer-risk. Somatic mutational and DNA methylation (DNAm) clocks are promising tools to molecularly track mitotic age, yet their relationship is underexplored and their potential for cancer risk prediction in normal tissues remains to be demonstrated. Here we build and validate an improved pan-tissue DNAm counter of total mitotic age called stemTOC. We demonstrate that stemTOCs mitotic age proxy increases with the tumor cell-of-origin fraction in each of 15 cancer-types, in precancerous lesions, and in normal tissues exposed to major cancer risk factors. Extensive benchmarking against 6 other mitotic counters shows that stemTOC compares favorably, specially in the preinvasive and normal-tissue contexts. By cross-correlating stemTOC to two clock-like somatic mutational signatures, we confirm the mitotic-like nature of only one of these. Our data points towards DNAm as a promising molecular substrate for detecting mitotic-age increases in normal tissues and precancerous lesions, and hence for developing cancer-risk prediction strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teschendorff, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.27.549809</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Correlation of a pan-tissue epigenetic mitotic clock with tumor cell-of-origin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.10.552804v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microbiome Analysis of the Eastern Oyster As a Function of Ploidy and Seasons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.10.552804v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Shellfish, such as the eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) are not only valued as seafood but also for the ecosystem services they provide, including improving water quality and reducing eutrophication. Excess N causes eutrophication, harmful algal blooms, fish kills and overall decline of estuarine ecosystems resulting in economic losses. Oyster reefs sequester N and enhance denitrification processes, however, information on the N cycling oyster microbiome is scarce with most studies focusing on random grab samples or on pathogens, such as Vibrio spp. Further, triploid oysters are often used for aquaculture, as they grow faster than diploids, but there is little information on potential microbiome differences with ploidy. To address these knowledge gaps, diploid and triploid farmed oysters were collected at monthly intervals over one year and analyzed using a coupled approach encompassing shotgun metagenomics and quantitative microbial elemental cycling (QMEC) qPCR assays. Overall, the genus Psychrobacter dominated the core microbiome across all samples, regardless of season or ploidy, followed by Synechococcus, Pseudomonas, Pseudoalteromonas and Clostridium. Psychrobacter abundances increased significantly in the colder months; the same trend was also observed in the alpha and beta diversity. However, warmer months had increased bacterial diversity relative to colder months. Gene functional profiles were similar among seasons and ploidy, with respiration and metabolism of carbohydrates, RNA, and proteins as dominant functions. There were strong positive correlations between abundance of the "core" microbiome taxa and gene functions associated with central metabolism, DNA and carbohydrate metabolism, strongly suggesting the functional role of Psychrobacter in the microbiome. Metagenome assembly was performed to characterize dominant species, followed by phylogenetic analysis of select MAGs (metagenome-assembled genomes), further supporting the presence of multiple Psychrobacter spp. Sequence-based identification of denitrification genes in the Pyschrobacter MAGs indicated the presence of norB, narH, narI, nirK, and norB. QMEC analysis indicated C and N cycling genes were most abundant, with no discernable patterns due to seasons or ploidy. Among N cycling genes, the nosZII clade was dominant, which is likely responsible for the eastern oysters potential for bioextraction and enhancing water quality via denitrification.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pathak, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marquez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stothard, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chukwujindu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, J.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jagoe, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chauhan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.10.552804</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microbiome Analysis of the Eastern Oyster As a Function of Ploidy and Seasons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.13.552906v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phylogenomic analyses support a new infrageneric classification of Pourthiaea (Maleae, Rosaceae) using multiple inference methods and extensive taxon sampling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.13.552906v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In this comprehensive study, we conducted extensive taxon sampling and performed phylogenomic analyses based on plastome and nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) datasets. We employed multiple inference methods, including concatenated and coalescent-based strategies, to generate an accurate phylogeny of the woody Rosaceae genus Pourthiaea. The nrDNA phylogeny of Pourthiaea strongly supported three major clades, which were consistent with morphology. However, the plastid tree provided an alternative phylogenetic topology, indicating cytonuclear discordance. Frequent hybridizations between and among the species of Pourthiaea could explain the cytonuclear discordance. Considering the evidence from morphology and phylogenomic data, we propose a new infrageneric classification for Pourthiaea, consisting of three sections: P. sect. Pourthiaea, P. sect. Amphidoxae B.B.Liu, and P. sect. Impressivenae B.B.Liu.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, G.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, D.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hodel, R. G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, Z.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, F.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, B.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.13.552906</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phylogenomic analyses support a new infrageneric classification of Pourthiaea (Maleae, Rosaceae) using multiple inference methods and extensive taxon sampling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.15.553347v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Longer mandible or nose? Co-evolution of feeding organs in early elephantiforms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.15.553347v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The long-trunked elephantids underwent a significant evolutionary stage characterized by an exceptionally elongated mandible. The initial elongation and subsequent regression of the long mandible, along with its co-evolution with the trunk, present an intriguing issue that remains incompletely understood. Through comparative functional and eco-morphological investigations, as well as feeding preference analysis, we reconstructed the feeding behavior of major groups of longirostrine elephantiforms. In the Platybelodon clade, the rapid evolutionary changes observed in the narial region, strongly correlated with mandible and tusk characteristics, suggest a crucial evolutionary transition where feeding function shifted from the mandible to the trunk, allowing proboscideans to expand their niches to more open regions. This functional shift further resulted in elephantids relying solely on their trunks for feeding. Our research provides insights into how unique environmental pressures shape the extreme evolution of organs, particularly in large mammals that developed various peculiar adaptations during the late Cenozoic global cooling trends.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolff, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiangzuo, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.15.553347</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Longer mandible or nose? Co-evolution of feeding organs in early elephantiforms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.26.554759v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The translation of a short open reading frame product within the human TUBA1B gene regulates cancer cell proliferation by importin-β 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.26.554759v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding cancer biology is crucial for improving treatment strategies. This study identified TUBA1B-sORF1, a short open reading frame product alternatively translated from the human -tubulin gene (TUBA1B), which has a completely different amino acid sequence from the -tubulin 1B chain. TUBA1B-sORF1 is highly expressed in cancer cell lines and gastric carcinoma. Both methionine-initiated canonical and leucine-initiated noncanonical translations of TUBA1B-sORF1 coexist in cancer cells, and there is a transition between sORF1 and -tubulin translations, evidenced by the TUBA1B-sORF1/-tubulinlow/- subpopulation. Knocking down TUBA1B-sORF1 reduces cancer cell proliferation and tumorigenicity. TUBA1B-sORF1 facilitates protein nuclear translocation, leading to the upregulation of proliferation-promoting genes and downregulation of proliferation-inhibiting genes. Specifically, it forms a complex with importin {beta} and {beta}-catenin, promoting {beta}-catenin nuclear translocation and target gene transcription. These findings reveal that TUBA1B is a polycistronic gene translating at least two entirely different proteins: -tubulin and TUBA1B-sORF1. The variable translation between them may regulate tumorigenesis, making TUBA1B-sORF1 a promising therapeutic target and diagnostic biomarker for cancer treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schneider, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zampetaki, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Margariti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giacca, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnold, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.26.554759</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The translation of a short open reading frame product within the human TUBA1B gene regulates cancer cell proliferation by importin-β]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.30.555640v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enhancement of Protein Stability by Quenching Millisecond Conformational Dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.30.555640v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein folding may involve folding intermediates. Ubiquitin (Ub) is a 76-residue small protein essential in post-translational modification and cell signaling. Ub is also a model system of protein folding. Previous studies have indicated the involvement of a folding intermediate, as Ub C-terminal residues, including strand {beta}5, only dock correctly at a later stage. The natively folded Ub undergoes conformational dynamics over a vast range of timescales. At the millisecond timescale, Ub transiently digresses to a C-terminally retracted state, which is extremely rare and has only been recently identified at an elevated temperature. Herein through a conjoint use of NMR, MS, and MD simulations, we have established a link between Ub millisecond dynamics and protein stability. Among the alanine mutations that have been systematically introduced to the hydrophobic residues in {beta}5, L67A and L69A elevate the population of the retracted state and enhance conformational interconversion, which facilitates the undocking of {beta}5 and the exposure of protein hydrophobic core. Conversely, L71A and L73A mutations decrease the population of the retracted state and quench millisecond dynamics, which causes a significant enhancement of protein stability. As such, the transition state of Ub millisecond dynamics is the much sought-after folding intermediate, whereas C-terminal mutations alleviate the dependence on this intermediate and reduce the unfolding to an all-or-none process. Though having a negative impact on protein stability, Ub millisecond dynamics likely facilitate proper protein turnover and allow the fulfillment of its biological function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hou, X.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruan, M.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weng, X.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.30.555640</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enhancement of Protein Stability by Quenching Millisecond Conformational Dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.31.555687v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SIDERITE: Unveiling Hidden Siderophore Diversity in the Chemical Space Through Digital Exploration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.31.555687v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Siderophores, a highly diverse family of secondary metabolites, play a crucial role in facilitating the acquisition of the essential iron. However, the current discovery of siderophore relies largely on manual approaches. In this work, we introduced SIDERTE, a digitized siderophore information database containing 872 siderophore records with 649 unique structures. Leveraging this digitalized dataset, we gained a systematic overview of siderophores by their clustering patterns in the chemical space. Building upon this, we developed a functional group-based method for predicting new iron-binding molecules. Applying this method to 4,314 natural product molecules from TargetMols Natural Product Library for high throughput screening, we experimentally confirmed that 40 out of the 48 molecules predicted as siderophore candidates possessed iron-binding abilities. Expanding our approach to the COCONUT natural product database, we predicted a staggering 3,199 siderophore candidates, showcasing remarkable structure diversity that are largely unexplored. Our study provides a valuable resource for accelerating the discovery of novel iron-binding molecules and advancing our understanding towards siderophores.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>He, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, W.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.31.555687</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SIDERITE: Unveiling Hidden Siderophore Diversity in the Chemical Space Through Digital Exploration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.02.556038v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 EG.5/EG.5.1 by sera from ZF2001 RBD-dimer and its next-generation vaccines 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.02.556038v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron EG.5 and EG.5.1 are surging in several areas of the world, including China. Compared with XBB.1, EG.5 contains additional mutations of F456L and S486P in the spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) and its subvariant EG.5.1 carries a further spike mutation Q52H. The immune escape potential of EG.5/EG.5.1 is of great concern. In this study, we evaluated the neutralization activities of sera from participants who received COVID-19 inactivated vaccines, protein subunit vaccine ZF2001 or a booster vaccination of Delta-BA.5 RBD-heterodimer protein vaccine, and participants who had a breakthrough infection during a wave of BF.7/BA.5.2 circulation in December 2022. Neutralization profiles elicited by bivalent RBD-heterodimer vaccine candidates containing XBB.1.5 antigen were evaluated in a murine model. We found that EG.5 and EG.5.1 displayed similar immune evasion potential to XBB.1 and XBB.1.5. The Delta-BA.5 RBD-heterodimer booster induced higher neutralizing titers against the tested XBB subvariants, including EG.5 and EG.5.1, than breakthrough infection by BF.7 or BA.5.2. In addition, Delta-XBB.1.5 and BQ.1.1-XBB.1.5 RBD-heterodimer vaccines induced high neutralizing activities against XBB sub-variants in a murine model, suggesting that next-generation COVID-19 vaccines with updated components must be developed to enhance the protection efficacy against the circulating SARS-CoV-2 strains.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>An, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, G. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.02.556038</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 EG.5/EG.5.1 by sera from ZF2001 RBD-dimer and its next-generation vaccines]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.04.556175v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inferring cell trajectories of spatial transcriptomics via optimal transport analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.04.556175v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The integration of cell transcriptomics and spatial coordinates to organize differentiation trajectories remains a challenge. Here we introduce spaTrack, a trajectory inference method using optimal transport to incorporate both transcriptomics and distance of spatial transcriptomics sequencing data into transition costs. spaTrack could construct fine spatial trajectories reflecting the true differentiation topology, as well as trace cell dynamics across multiple samples with temporal intervals. To capture the dynamic drivers, spaTrack models the cell fate as a function of expression profile along temporal intervals driven by transcription factors. Applying spaTrack, we successfully disentangle spatiotemporal trajectories of axolotl telencephalon regeneration and mouse midbrain development. Furthermore, we uncover diverse malignant lineages expanding in a primary tumor. One of the lineages with upregulated extracellular matrix organization implants to the metastatic site and subsequently colonizes to a secondary tumor. Overall, spaTrack greatly facilitates trajectory inference from spatial transcriptomics, providing insights in cell differentiation of broad areas.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.04.556175</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inferring cell trajectories of spatial transcriptomics via optimal transport analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.06.556618v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Converging Topographic Axes of Connectivity and Genetic Architectures Scaffold Cortical Patterning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.06.556618v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genetic information is involved in the gradual emergence of cortical areas since the neural tube begins to form, shaping the heterogeneous functions of neural circuits in the human brain. Informed by invasive tract-tracing measurements, the cortex exhibits marked interareal variation in connectivity profiles to reveal the heterogeneity across cortical areas. However, it remains unclear about the organizing principles possibly shared by genetics and cortical wiring to manifest the spatial heterogeneity across the cortex. Instead of considering a complex one-to-one mapping between genetic coding and interareal connectivity, we hypothesized the existence of a more efficient way that the organizing principles are embedded in genetic profiles to underpin the cortical wiring space. Leveraging on the vertex-wise tractography in diffusion-weighted MRI, we derived the global connectopies to reliably index the organizing principles of interareal connectivity variation in a low-dimensional space, which specifically captured three dominant topographic patterns along the dorsoventral, rostrocaudal, and mediolateral axes of the cortex. More importantly, we demonstrated that the global connectopies converge to the gradients of vertex-by-vertex genetic correlation matrix on the phenotype of cortical morphology and the cortex-wide spatiomolecular gradients. By diving into the genetic profiles, we found the critical role of genes scaffolding the global connectopies were related to brain morphogenesis and enriched in radial glial cells before birth and excitatory neurons after birth. Taken together, our findings demonstrated the existence of a genetically determined space to encode the interareal connectivity variation, which may give new insights into the links between cortical connections and arealization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eickhoff, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-h.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.06.556618</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Converging Topographic Axes of Connectivity and Genetic Architectures Scaffold Cortical Patterning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.15.557856v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Differentiation and migration of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells cross multiple tissues 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.15.557856v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hematopoiesis requires the coordinated differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in multiple tissues. Although differentiation of HSPCs in bone marrow (BM) has been well-studied, our knowledge about the migration and differentiation of HSPCs cross tissues is limited. Here, we collected and integrated single-cell RNA-seq data of human CD34+ cells, which represent HSPCs, from BM, peripheral blood (PB), thymus and mobilized PB (mPB), to investigate the hematopoiesis cross tissues. We constructed a cell atlas of HSPCs cross tissues and found most HSPC subsets in BM had counterparts in PB, indicating migration of HSPCs from BM to PB has a much broad spectrum. We found B progenitors highly expressed CXCR4 for anchoring in BM, while cells with low expression of CXCR4 facilitate their migration out of BM. Among the HSPC subsets from thymus, we only found the counterparts of the earliest thymic progenitors (ETPs) in BM and PB, potentially indicating that ETPs were the subsets that migrated from BM to PB and thymus. We found interaction signaling including CD99-CD99, CXCL12-CXCR4 and CCL19-CCR7 played important roles in ETP homing to thymus. Briefly, these data provided a single unified developmental spectrum of hematopoiesis cross different tissues, connected by cell migration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, Y.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.15.557856</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Differentiation and migration of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells cross multiple tissues]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/213041v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Controlling for Intra-Subject and Inter-Subject Variability in Individual-Specific Cortical Network Parcellations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/213041v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) offers the opportunity to delineate individual-specific brain networks. A major question is whether individual-specific network topography (i.e., location and spatial arrangement) is behaviorally relevant. Here, we propose a multi-session hierarchical Bayesian model (MS-HBM) for estimating individual-specific cortical networks and investigate whether individual-specific network topography can predict human behavior. The multiple layers of the MS-HBM explicitly differentiate intra-subject (within-subject) from inter-subject (between-subject) network variability. By ignoring intra-subject variability, previous network mappings might confuse intra-subject variability for inter-subject differences. Compared with other approaches, MS-HBM parcellations generalized better to new rs-fMRI and task-fMRI data from the same subjects. More specifically, MS-HBM parcellations estimated from a single rs-fMRI session (10 minutes) showed comparable generalizability as parcellations estimated by two state-of-the-art methods using five sessions (50 minutes). We also showed that behavioral phenotypes across cognition, personality and emotion could be predicted by individual-specific network topography with modest accuracy, comparable to previous reports predicting phenotypes based on connectivity strength. Network topography estimated by MS-HBM was more effective for behavioral prediction than network size, as well as network topography estimated by other parcellation approaches. Thus, similar to connectivity strength, individual-specific network topography might also serve as a fingerprint of human behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kong, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sabuncu, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaefer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuo, X.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holmes, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eickhoff, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, B. T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/213041</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Controlling for Intra-Subject and Inter-Subject Variability in Individual-Specific Cortical Network Parcellations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/339333v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Recovered and dead outcome patients caused by influenza A (H7N9) virus infection show different pro-inflammatory cytokine dynamics during disease progress and its application in real-time prognosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/339333v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The persistent circulation of influenza A(H7N9) virus within poultry markets and human society leads to sporadic epidemics of influenza infections. Severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by the virus lead to high morbidity and mortality rates in patients. Hyper induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which is known as "cytokine storm", is closely related to the process of viral infection. However, systemic analyses of H7N9 induced cytokine storm and its relationship with disease progress need further illuminated. In our study we collected 75 samples from 24 clinically confirmed H7N9-infected patients at different time points after hospitalization. Those samples were divided into three groups, which were mild, severe and fatal groups, according to disease severity and final outcome. Human cytokine antibody array was performed to demonstrate the dynamic profile of 80 cytokines and chemokines. By comparison among different prognosis groups and time series, we provide a more comprehensive insight into the hypercytokinemia caused by H7N9 influenza virus infection. Different dynamic changes of cytokines/chemokines were observed in H7N9 infected patients with different severity. Further, 33 cytokines or chemokines were found to be correlated with disease development and 11 of them were identified as potential therapeutic targets. Immuno-modulate the cytokine levels of IL-8, IL-10, BLC, MIP-3a, MCP-1, HGF, OPG, OPN, ENA-78, MDC and TGF-{beta} 3 are supposed to be beneficial in curing H7N9 infected patients. Apart from the identification of 35 independent predictors for H7N9 prognosis, we further established a real-time prediction model with multi-cytokine factors for the first time based on maximal relevance minimal redundancy method, and this model was proved to be powerful in predicting whether the H7N9 infection was severe or fatal. It exhibited promising application in prognosing the outcome of a H7N9 infected patients and thus help doctors take effective treatment strategies accordingly.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouyang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pei, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/339333</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Recovered and dead outcome patients caused by influenza A (H7N9) virus infection show different pro-inflammatory cytokine dynamics during disease progress and its application in real-time prognosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/362434v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
How do wind speed, release height, seed morphology interact to determine seed dispersal trajectory of Calligonum (Polygonaceae) species 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/362434v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
How seed dispersal trajectory shifts with abiotic and biotic factors and what is the relationship between seed dispersal distance and dispersal trajectory are remain unclear. We used wind tunnel and video camera to track the seed dispersal trajectory of 7 Calligonum species with different appendages under the different wind speeds and the release heights. Dispersal trajectories and distances were determined by video analysis and spatial coordinate transformation. Based on perspective principle, 4 modes of trajectories were determined. Wind speed, seed mass and release height were the key factors determining seed dispersal trajectory modes. Release height and wind speed tended to have the strongest explanatory power on seeds with bristles and wings, respectively. Different trajectory modes lead to different dispersal distance, while the same dispersal distance can be the result of different trajectory modes. The proportion of species trajectory modes formed its trajectory spectrum. Wind speed tends to have strong influence on light and low-wind-loading seeds, release height tends to have that on heavy and high-wind-loading seeds. Species with high proportion of horizontal projectile and projectile have high dispersal capacity, vice versa. Therefore, trajectory spectrum of a species reveals its primary dispersal strategies and evolutionary consequences.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xin, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/362434</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[How do wind speed, release height, seed morphology interact to determine seed dispersal trajectory of Calligonum (Polygonaceae) species]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/367656v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Non-canonical role of E3 ligase RIPLET in innate immunity as a co-receptor for RIG-I 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/367656v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ubiquitin (Ub) and its E3 ligases play diverse biological roles, from proteasomal degradation to innate immune signaling. The conventional view posits that E3 ligases function primarily through conjugating Ub to their substrate molecules. We report here that RIPLET, an essential E3 ligase in antiviral immunity, promotes the antiviral signaling activity of the viral RNA receptor RIG-I through both Ub-dependent and -independent manners. RIPLET utilizes its dimeric structure and the bivalent binding mode to preferentially recognize RIG-I preoligomerized on dsRNA. RIPLET can also adopt an alternative binding mode for filamentous oligomers of RIG-I assembled on longer dsRNAs, cross-bridging RIG-I filaments in both ubiquitin-dependent and-independent manners. The resultant receptor clustering leads to the formation of aggregate-like cytosolic granules and the stimulation of RIG-I-mediated antiviral signaling in a RNA-length dependent manner. These observations show the unexpected role of an E3 ligase as a co-receptor that directly participates in receptor oligomerization and ligand discrimination. This study also highlights previously unrecognized mechanisms by which an E3 ligase induces receptor clustering and signal amplification, and offers insights into the unique cellular function of membrane-less granule assembly.nnOne-sentence summaryRIPLET functions as a molecular glue to assemble signaling scaffolds for the antiviral innate immune receptor RIG-I.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cadena, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmad, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xavier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, S.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fujita, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hur, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/367656</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Non-canonical role of E3 ligase RIPLET in innate immunity as a co-receptor for RIG-I]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/426585v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Reptilian Endogenous Foamy Virus Sheds Light on the Early Evolution of Retroviruses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/426585v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) can be thought of as host genomic fossils of ancient viruses. Foamy viruses, including those that form endogenous copies, provide strong evidence for virus-host co-divergence across the vertebrate phylogeny. Endogenous foamy viruses (EFV) have previously been discovered in mammals, amphibians and fish. Here we report a novel endogenous foamy virus, named SpuEFV, in genome of the tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus), an endangered reptile species endemic to New Zealand. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that SpuEFV has likely co-diverged with its host over a period of many millions of years. The discovery of SpuEFV fills a major gap in the fossil record of foamy viruses and provides important insights into the early evolution of retroviruses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wei, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holmes, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/426585</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Reptilian Endogenous Foamy Virus Sheds Light on the Early Evolution of Retroviruses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/429837v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Group ICA for Identifying Biomarkers in Schizophrenia: ‘Adaptive’ Networks via Spatially Constrained ICA Show More Sensitivity to Group Differences than Spatio-temporal Regression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/429837v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Brain functional networks identified from fMRI data can provide potential biomarkers for brain disorders. Group independent component analysis (GICA) is popular for extracting brain functional networks from multiple subjects. In GICA, different strategies exist for reconstructing subject-specific networks from the group-level networks. However, it is unknown whether these strategies have different sensitivities to group differences and abilities in distinguishing patients. Among GICA, spatio-temporal regression (STR) and spatially constrained ICA approaches such as group information guided ICA (GIG-ICA) can be used to propagate components (indicating networks) to a new subject that is not included in the original subjects. In this study, based on the same a priori network maps, we reconstructed subject-specific networks using these two methods separately from resting-state fMRI data of 151 schizophrenia patients (SZs) and 163 healthy controls (HCs). We investigated group differences in the estimated functional networks and the functional network connectivity (FNC) obtained by each method. The networks were also used as features in a cross-validated support vector machine (SVM) for classifying SZs and HCs. We selected features using different strategies to provide a comprehensive comparison between the two methods. GIG-ICA generally showed greater sensitivity in statistical analysis and better classification performance (accuracy 76.45{+/-}8.9%, sensitivity 0.74{+/-}0.11, specificity 0.79{+/-}0.11) than STR (accuracy 67.45{+/-}8.13%, sensitivity 0.65{+/-}0.11, specificity 0.71{+/-}0.11). Importantly, results were also consistent when applied to an independent dataset including 82 HCs and 82 SZs. Our work suggests that the functional networks estimated by GIG-ICA are more sensitive to group differences, and GIG-ICA is promising for identifying image-derived biomarkers of brain disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Salman, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Damaraju, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sui, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayer, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Posse, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathalon, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ford, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erp, T. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calhoun, V. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/429837</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Group ICA for Identifying Biomarkers in Schizophrenia: ‘Adaptive’ Networks via Spatially Constrained ICA Show More Sensitivity to Group Differences than Spatio-temporal Regression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/438218v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
D-GPM: a deep learning method for gene promoter methylation inference 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/438218v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundGene promoter methylation plays a critical role in a wide range of biological processes, such as transcriptional expression, gene imprinting, X chromosome inactivation, etc. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing generates a comprehensive profiling of the gene methylation levels but is limited by a high cost. Recent studies have partitioned the genes into landmark genes and target genes and suggested that the landmark gene expression levels capture adequate information to reconstruct the target gene expression levels. Moreover, the methylation level of the promoter is usually negatively correlated with its corresponding gene expression. This result inspired us to propose that the methylation level of the promoters might be adequate to reconstruct the promoter methylation level of target genes, which would eventually reduce the cost of promoter methylation profiling.nnResultsHere, we developed a deep learning model (D-GPM) to predict the whole-genome promoter methylation level based on the methylation profile of the landmark genes. We benchmarked D-GPM against three machine learning methods, namely, linear regression (LR), regression tree (RT) and support vector machine (SVM), based on two criteria: the mean absolute deviation (MAE) and the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC). After profiling the methylation beta value (MBV) dataset from the TCGA, with respect to MAE and PCC, we found that D-GPM outperforms LR by 9.59% and 4.34%, RT by 27.58% and 22.96% and SVM by 6.14% and 3.07% on average, respectively. For the number of better-predicted genes, D-GPM outperforms LR in 92.65% and 91.00%, RT in 95.66% and 98.25% and SVM in 85.49% and 81.56% of the target genes.nnConclusionsD-GPM acquires the least overall MAE and the highest overall PCC on MBV-te compared to LR, RT, and SVM. For a genewise comparative analysis, D-GPM outperforms LR, RT, and SVM in an overwhelming majority of the target genes, with respect to the MAE and PCC. Most importantly, D-GPM predominates among the other models in predicting a majority of the target genes according to the model distribution of the least MAE and the highest PCC for the target genes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/438218</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[D-GPM: a deep learning method for gene promoter methylation inference]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/439687v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bacterial strain displacement in inflammatory bowel diseases after fecal microbiota transplantation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/439687v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), which is thought to have the potential to correct dysbiosis of gut microbiota, has recently been used to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To elucidate the extent and principles of microbiota engraftment in IBD patients after FMT treatment, we conducted an interventional prospective cohort study. The cohort included two categories of patients: (1) patients with moderate to severe Crohns disease (CD) (Harvey-Bradshaw Index [&ge;] 7, n = 11, and (2) patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) (Montreal classification, S2 and S3, n = 4). All patients were treated with a single FMT (via mid-gut, from healthy donors) and follow-up visits were performed at baseline, 3 days, one week, and one month after FMT (missing time points included). At each follow-up time point, fecal samples of the participants were collected along with their clinical metadata. For comparative analysis, 10 fecal samples from 10 healthy people were included to represent the diversity level of normal gut microbiota. Additionally, the metagenomic data of 25 fecal samples from 5 individuals with metabolic syndrome who underwent autologous FMT treatment were downloaded from a previous published paper to represent natural microbiota shifts during FMT. All fecal samples underwent shotgun metagenomic sequencing.

We found that 3 days after FMT, 11 out of 15 recipients were in remission (3 out of 4 UC recipients; 8 out of 11 CD recipients). Generally, bacterial colonization was observed to be lower in CD recipients than in UC recipients at both species and strain levels. Furthermore, across species, different strains displayed disease-specific displacement advantages under two-disease status. Finally, most post-FMT species (> 80%) could be properly predicted (AUC > 85%) using a random forest classification model, with the gut microbiota composition and clinical parameters of pre-FMT recipients acting as the most contributive factors for prediction accuracy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zou, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jie, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/439687</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bacterial strain displacement in inflammatory bowel diseases after fecal microbiota transplantation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/445940v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The mitochondrial DNA content can not predict the embryo viability 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/445940v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveTo investigate whether the mitochondrial DNA content could predict the embryo viabilitynnDesignRetrospective analysis.nnSettingReproductive genetics laboratorynnPatient(s)A total of 421 biopsied samples obtained from 129 patientsnnIntervention(s)Embryo biopsies samples underwent whole genome amplification (WGA) and were tested by next generation sequencing (NGS) and array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH), 30 samples were selected randomly to undergo quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).nnMain Outcome Measure(s)Those embryos which obtained the consistent chromosome status determined both aCGH and NGS platform were further classified. We investigated the relationship of mtDNA content with several factors including female patient age, embryo morphology, chromosome status, and live birth rate of both blastocysts and blastomeres.nnResult(s)A total of 386 (110 blastomeres and 276 blastocysts) out of 399 embryos showed consistent chromosome status outcome. We found no statistically difference was observed in aneuploid and euploid blastocysts (p=0.14), the same phenomenon was observed in aneuploid and euploid blastomeres (p=0.89). Similarly, the mtDNA content was independent of female patient age, embryo morphology and live birth rate.nnConclusion(s)The mtDNA content did not provide a reliable prediction of the viability of blastocysts to initiate a pregnancy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qiu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/445940</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The mitochondrial DNA content can not predict the embryo viability]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/449736v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular profiles and mutation burden analysis in Chinese patients with gastric carcinoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/449736v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The goal of this work was to investigate the molecular profiles and mutation burden in Chinese patients with gastric carcinoma (GC). In total, we performed whole exome sequencing (WES) on 74 GC patients with tumor and adjacent normal formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples. The mutation spectrum of these samples showed a high concordance with TCGA and other studies on GC. We found the alterations of 17 DNA repair genes (including BRCA2, POLE and MSH3, etc.) were strongly correlated with the tumor mutation burden (TMB) and tumor neoantigen burden (TNB) of GC patients. Patients with mutations of these genes tend to have high TMB (median of TMB = 12.77, p=2.3e-6) and TNB (median of TNB = 5.97, p= 2.8e-3). In addition, younger GC patients (age < 60) have lower TMB (p = 0.0021) and TNB (p = 0.034) than older patients (age >= 60). Furthermore, we found a list of 18 genes and two genomic regions (1p36.21 and Xq26.3) were associated with peritoneal metastasis (PM) of GC, and patients with amplification of 1p36.21 and Xq26.3 have a worse prognosis (p=0.002, 0.01, respectively). Our analysis provides GC patients with potential markers for single and combination therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/449736</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular profiles and mutation burden analysis in Chinese patients with gastric carcinoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/454363v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Whole-Genome Association Approach for Large-scaled Inter-species Trait 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/454363v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome wide association studies (GWAS) have provided an avenue for the association between common genetic variants and complex traits. However, using SNP as a genetic marker, GWAS has been confined to detect genetic basis traits only for within species but not for the large-scale inter-species traits. Here, we propose a practical statistical approach that is using kmer frequencies as the genetic markers to associate genetic variants with large scale inter-species traits. We applied this new approach to the trait of chromosome number in 96 mammalian proteomes, and we prioritized 130 genes including TP53 and BAD, of which 6 were candidate genes. These genes were proved to be associated with cellular reaction of DNA double-strand breaks caused by chromosome fission/fusion. Our study provides a new effective genomic strategy to perform association studies for large-scaled inter-species traits, using the chromosome number as a case. We hope this approach could provide exploration for broadly widely traits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/454363</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Whole-Genome Association Approach for Large-scaled Inter-species Trait]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/480400v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic effect of type 2 Diabetes to the progression of Neurological Diseases 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/480400v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurological Diseases (NDs) are progressive disorder often advances with age and comorbidities of Type 2 diabetes (T2D). Epidemiological, clinical and neuropathological evidence advocate that patients with T2D are at an increased risk of getting NDs. However, it is very little known how T2D affects the risk and severity of NDs.nnTo tackle these problems, we employed a transcriptional analysis of affected tissues using agnostic approaches to identify overlapping cellular functions. In this study, we examined gene expression microarray human datasets along with control and disease-affected individuals. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) were identified for both T2D and NDs that includes Alzheimer Disease (AD), Parkinson Disease (PD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Epilepsy Disease (ED), Huntington Disease (HD), Cerebral Palsy (CP) and Multiple Sclerosis Disease (MSD).nnWe have developed genetic association and diseasome network of T2D and NDs based on the neighborhood-based benchmarking and multilayer network topology approaches. Overlapping DEG sets go through protein-protein interaction for hub protein identification and gene enrichment using pathway analysis and gene ontology methods that enhance our understanding of the fundamental molecular procedure of NDs progression.nnGene expression analysis platforms have been extensively used to investigate altered pathways and to identify potential biomarkers and drug targets. Finally, we validated our identified biomarkers using the gold benchmark datasets which identified the corresponding relationship of T2D and NDs. Therapeutic targets aimed at attenuating identified altered pathway could ameliorate neurological dysfunction in a T2D patient.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rahman, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lio, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moni, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/480400</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic effect of type 2 Diabetes to the progression of Neurological Diseases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/505131v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pleistocene Mammal Population Fluctuation Patterns Inferred by Their Genomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/505131v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Paleoclimate fluctuations critically affect paleoecological systems and influence mammal populations, even resulting in population differentiation [1]. Historical effective population size (Ne) can reflect these influences [2, 3]. Dozens of recent studies have investigated the relationship between variations in Ne values of one or a small number of mammalian species, inferred from genomic data, and fluctuations in paleoclimate [4-7]. However, there lacks an integrated and comprehensive study on the relationship between the fluctuations in paleoclimate and variations in Ne values inferred from genome sequencing data of a wide range of mammals. To investigate patterns in mammalian Ne values during the the Pleistocene, we gathered whole genome sequencing data of 60 mammals from 35 species distributed across Afro-Eurasia and the Americas, then inferred their Ne curves using the Pairwise Sequentially Markovian Coalescent (PSMC) method; 30 mammalian Ne curves almost simultaneously started to contract at the turning point of the Middle Pleistocene Transition (MPT); then the population of seven mammals started to expand at the turning point of the Middle Brunhes Event (MBE), while the contraction of other mammals populations was prolonged to the later different time periods. Eight mammals experienced a severe population contraction around the Last Glaciation Maximum, as some aves did [8], while four potential ruminant beneficiaries showed an expanding population. Sus scrofa and Bos taurus experienced an internal population differentiation in the MPT. To conclude, the phenomenon that critical paleoclimate events facilitated contemporaneous animal population fluctuations in the paleoecological system is showed by our Ne curve analysis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/505131</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pleistocene Mammal Population Fluctuation Patterns Inferred by Their Genomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/514596v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nonobese subjects of Bacteroides and Prevotella enterotypes responded differentially to calorie restriction intervention 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/514596v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Calorie restriction (CR), which has the potential effect to weight loss and blood amino acids, has been demonstrated to associate with gut microbiota in human, especially in obese individuals. However, studies for simultaneously evaluating enterotype-dependent impacts of CR on the gut microbiota and blood amino acids in nonobese individuals are still limited.nnHere, 41 nonobese individuals received a 3-week CR diet with approximately 50% fewer calories than normal diet. We measured their BMI and blood amino acid concentration, along with the gut microbiota before and after the intervention. In this trial, 28 Enterotype Bacteroides (ETB) subjects and 13 Enterotype Prevotella (ETP) subjects were identified before the intervention. Short-term CR dietary intervention decreased the body mass index (BMI) in most subjects but varied in subjects with different enterotypes. ETP subjects exhibited significantly higher BMI loss ratio than the ETB subjects. CR additionally induced substantial enterotype-independent changes in blood amino acids, but only minor changes in gut microbial composition.nnWe further built a prediction model based on baseline relative abundances of 7 gut microbial species showing high performance in predicting CR-associated BMI loss ratio. Among them, the relative abundance of ETB-enriched Clostridium bolteae and C. ramosum were negatively correlated with BMI loss ratio while the relative abundance of Dorea longicatena which was slightly enriched in ETP subjects, was positively correlated with BMI loss ratio.nnTogether, our work points out that the individual variation of BMI loss after CR could be partially correlated with different microbial composition and highlights the potential application for microbiome stratification in personalized nutrition intervention.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/514596</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nonobese subjects of Bacteroides and Prevotella enterotypes responded differentially to calorie restriction intervention]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/519587v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparative Population Genomics of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Reveals Its Cultivation and Breeding History in China 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/519587v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The evolution of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) is distinctive in that domestication, natural hybridization, and allopolyploid speciation have all had significant effects on the diversification of its genome. Wheat was spread around the world by humans and has been cultivated in China for ~4,600 years. Here, we report a comprehensive assessment of the evolution of wheat based on the genome-wide resequencing of 120 representative landraces and elite wheat accessions from China and other representative regions. We found substantially higher genetic diversity in the A and B subgenomes than in the D subgenome. Notably, the A and B subgenomes of the modern Chinese elite cultivars were mainly derived from European landraces, while Chinese landraces had a greater contribution to their D subgenomes. The duplicated copies of homoeologous genes from the A, B, and D subgenomes were commonly found to be under different levels of selection. Our genome-wide assessment of the genetic changes associated with wheat breeding in China provides new strategies and practical targets for future breeding.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ling, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/519587</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparative Population Genomics of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Reveals Its Cultivation and Breeding History in China]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/521179v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-quality genome assembly and high-density genetic map of asparagus bean 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/521179v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Asparagus bean (Vigna. unguiculata ssp. sesquipedialis), known for its very long and tender green pods, is an important vegetable crop broadly grown in the developing countries. Despite its agricultural and economic values, asparagus bean does not have a high-quality genome assembly for breeding novel agronomic traits. In this study, we reported a high-quality 632.8 Mb assembly of asparagus bean based on the whole genome shotgun sequencing strategy. We also generated a high-density linkage map for asparagus bean, which helped anchor 94.42% of the scaffolds into 11 pseudo-chromosomes. A total of 42,609 protein-coding genes and 3,579 non-protein-coding genes were predicted from the assembly. Taken together, these genomic resources of asparagus bean will facilitate the investigation of economically valuable traits in a variety of legume species, so that the cultivation of these plants would help combat the protein and energy malnutrition in the developing world.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xia, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ni, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kui, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/521179</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-quality genome assembly and high-density genetic map of asparagus bean]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/529354v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
FabriEVEs: A dedicated platform for endogenous viral elements in fishes, amphibians, birds, reptiles and invertebrates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/529354v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Endogenous viral elements (EVEs) are heritable viral deriving elements present in the genomes of other species. As DNA  fossils left by ancient viruses, EVEs were used to infer the characteristics of extinct viruses. EVEs in mammals have been well classified by several databases, however, EVEs in non-mammalian organisms are poorly documented. Here, we report FabriEVEs (http://tfbsbank.co.uk/FabriEVEs), the first dedicated and comprehensive online platform for the collection, classification and annotation of EVEs in fishes, amphibians, birds, reptiles and invertebrates. In total, nearly 1.5 million EVEs from 82 species deriving from class I (dsDNA), II (ssDNA), III (dsRNA), IV (positive ssRNA), V (negative ssRNA), VI (ssRNA-RT) and VII (dsDNA-RT) viruses were recorded in FabriEVEs, accompanying with comprehensive annotation including the species name, location, genomic features, virus family and associated literature. Flexible and powerful query options were provided to pinpoint desired EVEs. Furthermore, FabriEVEs provides free access to all EVEs data in case users need to download them for further analysis. Taken together, our database provided systematic classification and annotation of EVEs in non-mammal species, which paves the way for comparative analysis of EVEs and throws light upon the co-evolution of EVEs and their hosts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/529354</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[FabriEVEs: A dedicated platform for endogenous viral elements in fishes, amphibians, birds, reptiles and invertebrates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/553362v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gene pathogenicity prediction of Mendelian diseases via the Random Forest algorithm 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/553362v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The study of Mendelian diseases and the identification of their causative genes are of great significance in the field of genetics. The evaluation of the pathogenicity of genes and the total number of Mendelian disease genes are both important questions worth studying. However, very few studies have addressed these issues to date, so we attempt to answer them in this study.

We calculated gene pathogenicity prediction (GPP) score by a machine learning approach (random forest algorithm) to evaluate the pathogenicity of genes. When we applied the GPP score to the testing gene set, we obtained accuracy of 80%, recall of 93% and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.87. Our results estimated that a total of 10,399 protein-coding genes were Mendelian disease genes. Furthermore, we found the GPP score was positively correlated with the severity of disease.

Our results indicate that GPP score may provide a robust and reliable guideline to predict the pathogenicity of protein-coding genes. To our knowledge, this is the first trial to estimate the total number of Mendelian disease genes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>He, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/553362</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gene pathogenicity prediction of Mendelian diseases via the Random Forest algorithm]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/553461v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular subtyping and prognostic assessment based on tumor mutation burden in patients with lung adenocarcinomas 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/553461v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tumor mutation burden (TMB) is a potential biomarker for response to immunotherapy. The subset of patients with TMB has not been well characterized in lung adenocarcinomas. Here we performed molecular subtyping based on TMB and compared the features of different subtypes including clinical features, somatic driver genes and mutational signatures. We found that patients with lower tumor mutation burden had a longer disease-free survival, while higher tumor mutation burden is associated with smoking and aging. Analysis of somatic driver genes and mutational signatures demonstrates a significant association between somatic RYR2 mutations and the subtype with higher mutation burden. Overall, our study identified two molecular subtypes based on TMB and described the corresponding difference in their clinical and genomic levels.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/553461</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular subtyping and prognostic assessment based on tumor mutation burden in patients with lung adenocarcinomas]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/566968v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Single-Cell Immune Atlas of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Reveals Novel Immune Cell Subsets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/566968v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents the most aggressive breast cancer subtype, which recently attracts great interest for immune therapeutic development. In this context, in-depth understanding of TNBC immune landscape is highly demanded. Here we report single-cell RNA sequencing results of 9683 tumor-infiltrated immune cells isolated from 14 treatment naive TNBC tumors, where 22 immune cell subsets, including T cells, macrophages, B cells, and DCs have been characterized. We identify a new T cell subset, CD8+CXCL8+ naive T cell, which associates with poor survival. A novel immune cell subset comprised of TCR+ macrophages, is found to be widely distributed in TNBC tumors. Further analyses reveal an up-regulation of molecules associated with TCR signaling and cytotoxicity in these immune cells, indicating TCR signaling activation. Altogether, our study provides a valuable resource to understand the immune ecosystem of TNBC. The novel immune cell subsets reported herein might be functionally important in cancer immunity.nnSIGNIFICANCEThis work demonstrates a single-cell transcriptome atlas of immune cells in treatment naive TNBC tumors, revealing novel immune cell subsets. This study provides a valuable resource to understand the immune ecosystem of TNBC, which will be helpful for the immunotherapeutic strategy design of TNBC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qiu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhan, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/566968</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Single-Cell Immune Atlas of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Reveals Novel Immune Cell Subsets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/582171v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An ATAC-seq atlas of chromatin accessibility in mouse tissues 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/582171v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) is a fundamental epigenomics approach and has been widely used in profiling the chromatin accessibility dynamics in multiple species. A comprehensive reference of ATAC-seq datasets for mammalian tissues is important for the understanding of regulatory specificity and developmental abnormality caused by genetic or environmental alterations. Here, we report an adult mouse ATAC-seq atlas by producing a total of 66 ATAC-seq profiles from 20 primary tissues of both male and female mice. The ATAC-seq read enrichment, fragment size distribution, and reproducibility between replicates demonstrated the high quality of the full dataset. We identified a total of 296,574 accessible elements, of which 26,916 showed tissue-specific accessibility. Further, we identified key transcription factors specific to distinct tissues and found that the enrichment of each motif reflects the developmental similarities across tissues. In summary, our study provides an important resource on the mouse epigenome and will be of great importance to various scientific disciplines such as development, cell reprogramming, and genetic disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/582171</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An ATAC-seq atlas of chromatin accessibility in mouse tissues]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/595017v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Parallel Group ICA + ICA: Joint Estimation of Linked Functional Network Variability and Structural Covariation with Application to Schizophrenia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/595017v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
There is growing evidence that rather than using a single brain imaging modality to study its association with physiological or symptomatic features, the field is paying more attention to fusion of multimodal information. However, most current multimodal fusion approaches that incorporate functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are restricted to second-level 3D features, rather than the original 4D fMRI data. This trade-off is that the valuable temporal information is not utilized during the fusion step. Here we are motivated to propose a novel approach called "parallel group ICA+ICA" that incorporates temporal fMRI information from GICA into a parallel ICA framework, aiming to enable direct fusion of first-level fMRI features with other modalities (e.g. structural MRI), which thus can detect linked functional network variability and structural covariations. Simulation results show that the proposed method yields accurate inter-modality linkage detection regardless of whether it is strong or weak. When applied to real data, we identified one pair of significantly associated fMRI-sMRI components that show group difference between schizophrenia and controls in both modalities. Finally, multiple cognitive domain scores can be predicted by the features identified in the linked component pair by our proposed method. We also show these multimodal brain features can predict multiple cognitive scores in an independent cohort. Overall, results demonstrate the ability of parallel GICA+ICA to estimate joint information from 4D and 3D data without discarding much of the available information up front, and the potential for using this approach to identify imaging biomarkers to study brain disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sui, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iraji, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Damaraju, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turner, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bustillo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ford, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathalon, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voyvodic, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McEwen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preda, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belger, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Potkin, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mueller, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adali, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calhoun, V. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/595017</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Parallel Group ICA + ICA: Joint Estimation of Linked Functional Network Variability and Structural Covariation with Application to Schizophrenia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/601872v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of a basal stem cell subpopulation in the prostate via functional, lineage tracing and single-cell RNA-seq analyses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/601872v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The basal cell compartment in many epithelial tissues such as the prostate, bladder, and mammary gland are generally believed to serve as an important pool of stem cells. However, basal cells are heterogenous and the stem cell subpopulation within basal cells is not well elucidated. Here we uncover that the core epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) inducer Zeb is exclusively expressed in a prostate basal cell subpopulation based on both immunocytochemical and cell lineage tracing analysis. The Zeb1+ prostate epithelial cells are multipotent prostate basal stem cells (PBSCs) that can self-renew and generate functional prostatic glandular structures with all three epithelial cell types at the single-cell level. Genetic ablation studies reveal an indispensable role for Zeb1 in prostate basal cell development. Utilizing unbiased single cell transcriptomic analysis of over 9000 mouse prostate basal cells, we find that Zeb1+ basal cell subset shares gene expression signatures with both epithelial and mesenchymal cells and stands out uniquely among all the basal cell clusters. Moreover, Zeb1+ epithelial cells can be detected in mouse and clinical samples of prostate tumors. Identification of the PBSC and its transcriptome profile is crucial to advance our understanding of prostate development and tumorigenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chua, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, W.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, H. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/601872</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of a basal stem cell subpopulation in the prostate via functional, lineage tracing and single-cell RNA-seq analyses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/605790v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CRISPR-GNL: an improved model for predicting CRISPR activity by machine learning and featurization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/605790v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationThe CRISPR/Cas9 system has been broadly used in genetic engineering. However, risks of potential off-targets and the variability of on-target activity among different targets are two limiting factors. Several bioinformatic tools have been developed for CRISPR on-target activity and off-target prediction. However, the general application of the current prediction models is hampered by the great variation among different algorithms.nnResultsIn this study, we thoroughly re-analyzed 13 published datasets with eight regression models. We proved that the current model gave very low cross-dataset and cross-species prediction outcome. To overcome these limitations, we have developed an improved model (a generalization score, GNL) based on normalized gene editing activity from 8,101 gRNAs and 2,488 features using Bayesian Ridge Regression model. Our results demonstrated that the GNL model is a better general algorithm for CRISPR on-target activity predictionnnAvailability and implementationThe prediction scorer is available on GitHub (https://github.com/TerminatorJ/GNL_Scorer).nnContactJ.W. (wangjun6@genomics.cn) or Y.L. (luoyonglun@genomics.cn)nnSupplementary InformationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xi, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LiXin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/605790</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CRISPR-GNL: an improved model for predicting CRISPR activity by machine learning and featurization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/614149v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single cell RNA sequencing reveals cellular diversity of trisomy 21 retina 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/614149v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Retina is a crucial tissue for the capturing and processing of light stimulus. Characterization of the retina at single cell level is essential for the understanding of its biological functions. A variety of abnormalities in terms of morphology and function were reported in T21 retina. To evaluate the effects of chromosome aneuploidy on retina development, we characterized single cell transcriptional profiles of a T21 fetus and performed comprehensive bioinformatic analyses. Our data revealed the diversity and heterogeneity of cellular compositions in T21 retina. In total, we identified seven major cell types, and detected several subtypes within each cell type, followed by the detection of corresponding molecular markers including previously reported ones and a series of novel markers. Our analyses identified extensive communication networks between distinct cellular types, among which a few ligand-receptor interactions were associated with the development of retina and immunoregulatory interactions. Taken together, our data provided the first single cell transcriptome profile for human T21 retina which facilitates our understanding on the dosage effects of chromosome 21 on the development of retina.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chai, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/614149</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single cell RNA sequencing reveals cellular diversity of trisomy 21 retina]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/621821v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Germline-encoded TCR-MHC contacts promote TCR V gene bias in umbilical cord blood T cell repertoire 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/621821v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
T cells recognize antigens as peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins through T cell receptors (TCRs) on their surface. To recognize a wide range of pathogens, each individual possesses a substantial number of TCRs with an extremely high degree of variability. It remains controversial whether germline-encoded TCR repertoire is shaped by MHC polymorphism and, if so, what is the preference between MHC genetic variants and TCR V gene compatibility. To investigate the "net" genetic association between MHC variations and TRBV genes, we applied quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping to test the associations between MHC polymorphism and TCR {beta} chain V (TRBV) genes usage using umbilical cord blood (UCB) samples of 201 Chinese newborns. We found TRBV gene and MHC loci that are predisposed to interact with one another differ from previous conclusions. The majority of MHC amino acid residues associated with the TRBV gene usage show spatial proximities in known structures of TCR-pMHC complexes. These results show for the first time that MHC variants bias TRBV gene usage in UCB of Chinese ancestry and indicate that germline-encoded contacts influence TCR-MHC interactions in intact T cell repertoires.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tian, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/621821</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Germline-encoded TCR-MHC contacts promote TCR V gene bias in umbilical cord blood T cell repertoire]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/658047v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metagenomic Next-generation Sequencing of Cerebrospinal Fluid for the Diagnosis of Central Nervous System Infections: A Multicentre Prospective Study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/658047v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundInfectious encephalitis and meningitis are often treated empirically without identification of the causative pathogen. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is a high throughput technology that enables the detection of pathogens independent of prior clinical or laboratory information.nnMethodsThe present study was a multicentre prospective evaluation of mNGS of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for the diagnosis of suspected central nervous system infections.nnResultsA total of 276 patients were enrolled in this study between Jan 1, 2017 and Jan 1, 2018. Identification of an etiologic pathogen in CSF by mNGS was achieved in 101 patients (36.6%). mNGS detected 11 bacterial species, 7 viral species, 2 fungal species, and 2 parasitic species. The five leading positive detections were varicella-zoster virus (17), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (14), herpes simplex virus 1 (12), Epstein-Barr virus (12), and Cryptococcus neoformans (7). False positives occurred in 12 (4.3%) patients with bacterial infections known to be widespread in hospital environments. False negatives occurred in 16 (5.8%) patients and included bacterial, viral and fungal aetiologies.nnConclusionsmNGS of CSF is a powerful diagnostic method to identify the pathogen for many central nervous system infections.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chin, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yue, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ge, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/658047</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metagenomic Next-generation Sequencing of Cerebrospinal Fluid for the Diagnosis of Central Nervous System Infections: A Multicentre Prospective Study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/658526v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dosage effect of multiple genes accounts for multisystem disorder of myotonic dystrophy type 1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/658526v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multisystem manifestations in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) may be due to dosage reduction in multiple genes induced by aberrant expansion of CTG repeats in DMPK, including Dmpk and its neighboring genes (Six5 or Dmwd) and downstream Mbnl1. However, the direct evidences are lack. Here, we develop a new strategy to generate mice carrying multigene mutations in one step by injection of haploid embryonic stem cells with mutant Dmpk, Six5 and Mbnl1 into oocytes. The triple heterozygous mutant mice exhibit adult-onset DM1 phenotypes. With the additional mutation in Dmwd, quadruple heterozygous mutant mice recapitulate many major manifestations in congenital DM1. Moreover, muscle stem cells in both models display reduced stemness. Our results suggest that the complex symptoms of DM1 result from the reduced gene dosage of multiple genes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yin, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/658526</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dosage effect of multiple genes accounts for multisystem disorder of myotonic dystrophy type 1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/674895v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phylogenomics provides new insights into gains and losses of selenoproteins among Archaeplastida 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/674895v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Selenoproteins that contain selenocysteine (Sec) are found in all kingdoms of life. Although they constitute a small proportion of the proteome, selenoproteins play essential roles in many organisms. In photosynthetic eukaryotes, selenoproteins have been found in algae but are missing in land plants (embryophytes). In this study, we explored the evolutionary dynamics of Sec incorporation by conveying a genomic search for the Sec machinery and selenoproteins across Archaeplastida. We identified a complete Sec machinery and variable sizes of selenoproteomes in the main algal lineages. However, the entire Sec machinery was missing in the BV clade (Bangiophyceae-Florideophyceae) of Rhodoplantae (red algae) and only partial machinery was found in three species of Archaeplastida, indicating parallel loss of Sec incorporation in different groups of algae. Further analysis of genome and transcriptome data suggests that all major lineages of streptophyte algae display a complete Sec machinery, although the number of selenoproteins is low in this group, especially in subaerial taxa. We conclude that selenoproteins tend to be lost in Archaeplastida upon adaptation to a subaerial or acidic environment. The high number of redox-active selenoproteins found in some bloom-forming marine microalgae may be related to defense against viral infections. Some of the selenoproteins in these organisms may have been gained by horizontal gene transfer from bacteria.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, P. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahu, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melkonian, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/674895</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phylogenomics provides new insights into gains and losses of selenoproteins among Archaeplastida]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/678904v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Assessment of the gene expression profiles of leukocytes from different isolations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/678904v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BACKGROUNDResearch on peripheral leukocyte gene expression in human health and disease is growing rapidly. However, how to process sample efficiently, simply and stably, and how to reflect human physiological state preferably remains critical issues in large cohort studies.nnMETHODSWe used RNA-seq to explore the differences of gene expression profiles among whole blood (WB) and three groups of leukocytes from buffy coat (BC) extraction, red blood cell (RBC) lysis and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) isolation.nnRESULTSThe residual globin mRNA in leukocytes from RBC lysis (1.00% {+/-}1.23%) and PBMC isolation (0.06% {+/-} 0.03%) was much less than that in leukocytes from BC extraction (17.48% {+/-} 6.95%) and WB (24.46% {+/-} 6.43%), resulting in higher transcriptome mapping rates and larger numbers of detected genes. The expression of 616 genes associated with leukocyte function was slightly higher in leukocytes from RBC lysis than that from BC extraction and WB, but barely detected in leukocytes from PBMC isolation.nnCONCLUSIONSWe suggest that sample processing based on RBC lysis could allow better applications of gene expression profiling of peripheral leukocytes in large cohort studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xing, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/678904</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Assessment of the gene expression profiles of leukocytes from different isolations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/679985v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Shotgun Metagenomics of 361 elderly women reveals gut microbiome change in bone mass loss 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/679985v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bone mass loss contributes to the risk of bone fracture in the elderly. Many factors including age, obesity, estrogen and diet, are associated with bone mass loss. Mice studies suggest that the intestinal microbiome might influence the bone mass by regulating the immune system, however there has been little evidence from human studies.

We have recruited 361 Chinese elderly women to collect data for a metagenomic-wide association study (MWAS) to investigate the influence of the gut microbiome on bone health. Gut microbiome data were produced using BGISEQ500 sequencing, BMD was calculated using Hologic dual energy X-ray machine, BMI (Body Mass Index) and age were also provided. This therefore data allows exploration of gut microbiome diversity and links to bone mass loss, as well as microbial species and modules as markers for bone mineral density. Making these data potentially useful in studying the role the gut microbiota might play in bone mass loss and offering exploration into the bone mass loss process.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ju, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jie, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/679985</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Shotgun Metagenomics of 361 elderly women reveals gut microbiome change in bone mass loss]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/693002v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Novel genetic loci affecting facial shape variation in humans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/693002v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human face represents a combined set of highly heritable phenotypes, but knowledge on its genetic architecture remains limited despite the relevance for various fields of science and application. A series of genome-wide association studies on 78 facial shape phenotypes quantified from 3-dimensional facial images of 10,115 Europeans identified 24 genetic loci reaching genome-wide significant association, among which 17 were previously unreported. A multi-ethnic study in additional 7,917 individuals confirmed 13 loci including 8 unreported ones. A global map of polygenic face scores assembled facial features in major continental groups consistent with anthropological knowledge. Analyses of epigenomic datasets from cranial neural crest cells revealed abundant cis-regulatory activities at the face-associated genetic loci. Luciferase reporter assays in neural crest progenitor cells highlighted enhancer activities of several face-associated DNA variants. These results substantially advance our understanding of the genetic basis underlying human facial variation and provide candidates for future in-vivo functional studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xiong, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dankova, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howe, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hysi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Jong, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adhikari, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feingold, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marazita, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaffer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McAloney, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vrij, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lendemeijer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richmond, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhurov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharp, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paternoster, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzales-Jose, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bortolini, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Canizales-Quinteros, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poletti, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bedoya, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rothhammer, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uitterlinden, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ikram, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolvius, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kushner, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nijsten, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palstra, R.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boehringer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medland, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruiz-Linares, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spector, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stergiakouli</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/693002</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Novel genetic loci affecting facial shape variation in humans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/730531v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Progressive alignment with Cactus: a multiple-genome aligner for the thousand-genome era 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/730531v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cactus, a reference-free multiple genome alignment program, has been shown to be highly accurate, but the existing implementation scales poorly with increasing numbers of genomes, and struggles in regions of highly duplicated sequence. We describe progressive extensions to Cactus that enable reference-free alignment of tens to thousands of large vertebrate genomes while maintaining high alignment quality. We show that Cactus is capable of scaling to hundreds of genomes and beyond by describing results from an alignment of over 600 amniote genomes, which is to our knowledge the largest multiple vertebrate genome alignment yet created. Further, we show improvements in orthology resolution leading to downstream improvements in annotation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Armstrong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hickey, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diekhans, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deran, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stiller, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Genereux, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marinescu, V. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haussler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alföldi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindblad-Toh, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karlsson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paten, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/730531</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Progressive alignment with Cactus: a multiple-genome aligner for the thousand-genome era]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/745489v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gut Microbiome Biomarkers in Adolescent Obesity：a Regional Study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/745489v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PurposeThis study aimed to characterize the gut microbiota in obese Shenzhen adolescents, and evaluate the influence of gender on BMI-related differences in the gut microbiome.nnMethodsPhysical examinations, blood pressure measurement, serological assay, and body composition evaluation were conducted on two-hundred and five adolescents from Shenzhen. Fecal microbiome composition was profiled via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A Random Forest (RF) classifier model was built to distinguish the BMI categories based on the gut bacterial composition.nnResultsFifty-six taxa consisting mainly of Firmicutes were identified that having significant associations with BMI; two OTUs belonging to Ruminococcaceae and one belonging to Lachnospiraceae had relatively strong positive correlations with body fate rate, waistline, and most of serum biochemical parameters. Based on the 56 BMI-associated OTUs, the RF model showed a robust classification accuracy (AUC 0.96) for predicting the obese phenotype. Gender-specific differences in the gut microbiome composition was obtained, and a lower relative abundance of Odoribacter was particularly found in obese boys. Functional analysis revealed a deficiency in bacterial gene contents related to PPAR signaling pathway in obese subjects for both genders; significantly lower levels of adipocytokine signaling pathway and ethylbenzene degradation were particularly detected in obese girls.nnConclusionsThis study revealed unique features of gut microbiome in terms of microbial composition and metabolic functions in obese Shenzhen adolescents. The effect of geographical location, age and gender on the gut microbiome should be carefully considered in case-control studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/745489</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gut Microbiome Biomarkers in Adolescent Obesity：a Regional Study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/747352v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Generating Templates and Growth Charts for School-Aged Brain Development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/747352v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Standard brain templates and growth charts provide an invaluable resource for basic science research, with the eventual goal of contributing to the clinical care of neuropsychiatric conditions. Here, we report on a protocol to generate MRI brain templates in children and adolescents at one-year intervals from 6-to-18 years of age, with their corresponding growth charts, using a large-scale neuroimaging data resource (948 brain images from China and United States). To assure that the brain templates and growth charts are reliable and accurate, we developed a refined pipeline consisting of template construction, image registration, brain area labeling and growth chart modeling. The pipeline comprises multiple modular workflows that can be used for multiple applications. In our approach, population- and age-specific templates were first constructed to avoid systemic bias in registration. Brain areas were then labeled based on the appropriate templates, and their morphological metrics were extracted for modeling associated growth curves. We implemented warp cost as a function of age differences between individual brains and template brains. A strong U-shaped cost function was revealed, indicating larger age differences are associated with greater registration errors. This validates the necessity of age-specific reference templates in pediatric brain imaging studies. Growth chart analyses revealed preferential shape differences between Chinese and US samples in lateral frontal and parietal areas, aspects of cortex which are most variable across individuals with regard to structure and function as well as associated behavioral performance. This growth distinction is largely driven by neurodevelopmental differences between Chinese and US age-specific brain templates. The pipeline together with the brain templates and charts are publicly available and integrated into the Connectome Computation System.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dong, H.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castellanos, F. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holmes, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, B. T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beckmann, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sporns, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milham, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuo, X.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/747352</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Generating Templates and Growth Charts for School-Aged Brain Development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/760355v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The co-stimulation of anti-CD28 and IL-2 enhances the sensitivity of ELISPOT assays for detection of neoantigen-specific T cells in PBMC 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/760355v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neoantigen-based cancer immunotherapies hold the promise of being a truly personalized, effective treatment for diverse cancer types. ELISPOT assays, as a powerful experimental technique, can verify the existence of antigen specific T cells to support basic clinical research and monitor clinical trials. However, despite the high sensitivity of ELISPOT assays, detecting immune responses of neoantigen specific T cells in a patient or healthy donors PBMCs is still extremely difficult, since the frequency of these T cells can be very low. We developed a novel experimental method, by co-stimulation of T cells with anti-CD28 and IL-2 at the beginning of ELISPOT, to further increase the sensitivity of ELISPOT and mitigate the challenge introduced by low frequency T cells. Under the optimal concentration of 1g/mL for anti-CD28 and 1U/ml for IL-2, our new method can increase sensitivity by up to 5 folds comparing to a conventional ELISPOT, and outperforms other cytokine stimulation alternatives. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that the co-stimulation of anti-CD28 and IL-2 is able to significantly improve the sensitivity of ELISPOT assays, indicating that anti-CD28 and IL-2 signaling can act in synergy to lower the T cell activation threshold and trigger more neoantigen-specific T cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>zhang, x.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>tang, y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/760355</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The co-stimulation of anti-CD28 and IL-2 enhances the sensitivity of ELISPOT assays for detection of neoantigen-specific T cells in PBMC]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/762385v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SLR-superscaffolder: a de novo scaffolding tool for synthetic long reads using a top-to-bottom scheme 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/762385v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Synthetic long reads (SLR) with long-range co-barcoding information have been recently developed and widely applied in genomics researches. We proposed a scaffolding model of the co-barcoding information and developed a scaffolding tool with adopting a top-to-bottom scheme to make full use of the complementary information in SLR datasets and a screening algorithm to reduce negative effects from misassembled contigs in an input assembly. In comparison with other available SLR scaffolding tools, our tool obtained the best quality improvement for different input assemblies, especially for those assembled by the next-generation sequencing reads, where the improvement of contiguity is about several hundred-folds.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Deng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/762385</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SLR-superscaffolder: a de novo scaffolding tool for synthetic long reads using a top-to-bottom scheme]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/781187v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Glutamatergic and GABAergic neuronal populations in thedorsolateral Periacqueductual Gray have differentfunctional roles in fear conditioning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/781187v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
It is though that only a subset of brain structures can encode emotional states. This can be investigated though a set of properties, including the ability of neurons to respond to a conditioned stimulus (CS) preceding an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US). The dorsolateral periacqueductal gray (dPAG) is a midbrain structure though to have an essential role in coordinating defensive behaviors in response to aversive stimulation. But its ability of dPAG neurons to encode a CS following fear conditioning as not been sufficiently studied.nnHere we used calcium imaging by fiber photometry to record the activity of dPAGVGluT2+ and dPAGGAD2+ neuronal populations during unconditioned and conditioned aversive stimulation. Then, following an unconditioned stimulation we performed a retrieval experiment to quantify memory-like responses of dPAG neurons. This shown that whilst both dPAGVGluT2+ and dPAGGAD2+ neuronal populations respond to direct US stimulation, and to CS stimulation during conditioning, only the dPAGVGluT2+ population persisted in responding to the CS stimulation during retrieval. Finally, to better understand dPAGVGluT2+ and dPAGGAD2+ connectivity patterns, we performed a cell specific monosynaptic retrograde rabies virus tracing experiment. This revealed that different patterns of fibers projects to dPAGVGluT2+ and dPAGGAD2+, further complementing our recording showing divergences between PAGVGluT2+ and dPAGGAD2+ populations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Montardy, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/781187</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Glutamatergic and GABAergic neuronal populations in thedorsolateral Periacqueductual Gray have differentfunctional roles in fear conditioning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/781674v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Satellite Imaging of Global Urbanicity relate to Adolescent Brain Development and Behavior 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/781674v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Urbanicity, the impact of living in urban areas, is among the greatest environmental challenges for mental health. While urbanicity might be distinct in different sociocultural conditions and geographic locations, there are likely to exist common features shared in different areas of the globe. Understanding these common and specific relations of urbanicity with human brain and behavior will enable to assess the impact of urbanicity on mental disorders, especially in childhood and adolescence, where prevention and early interventions are likely to be most effective.nnWe constructed from satellite-based remote sensing data a factor for urbanicity that was highly correlated with population density ground data. This factor,  UrbanSat was utilized in the Chinese CHIMGEN sample (N=831) and the longitudinal European IMAGEN cohort (N=810) to investigate if exposure to urbanicity during childhood and adolescence is associated with differences in brain structure and function in young adults, and if these changes are linked to behavior.nnUrbanicity was found negatively correlated with medial prefrontal cortex volume and positively correlated with cerebellar vermis volume in young adults from both China and Europe. We found an increased correlation of urbanicity with functional network connectivity within- and between- brain networks in Chinese compared to European participants. Urbanicity was highly correlated with a measure of perceiving a situation from the perspective of others, as well as symptoms of depression in both datasets. These correlations were mediated by the structural and functional brain changes observed. Susceptibility to urbanicity was greatest in two developmental windows during mid-childhood and adolescence.nnUsing innovative technology, we were able to probe the relationship between urban upbringing with brain change and behavior in different sociocultural conditions and geographic locations. Our findings help to identify shared and distinct determinants of adolescent brain development and mental health in different regions of the world, thus contributing to targeted prevention and early-intervention programs for young people in their unique environment. Our approach may be relevant for public health, policy and urban planning globally.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ing, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xian, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lui, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banaschewski, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barker, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bokde, A. L. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quinlan, E. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desrivieres, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flor, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grigis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garavan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gowland, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heinz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruhl, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinot, J.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Artiges, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nees, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orfanos, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemaitre, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paus, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poustka, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hohmann, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frohner, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smo</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/781674</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Satellite Imaging of Global Urbanicity relate to Adolescent Brain Development and Behavior]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/789313v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Defining relative mutational difficulty to understand cancer formation and prevention 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/789313v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most mutations in human cancer are low-frequency missense mutations, whose functional status remains hard to predict. Here we show that depending on the type of nucleotide change and the surrounding sequences, the tendency to generate each type of nucleotide mutations varies greatly, even by several hundred folds. Therefore, a cancer-promoting mutation may appear only in a small number of cancer cases, if the underlying nucleotide change is too difficult to generate. We propose a method that integrates both the original mutation counts and their relative mutational difficulty. Using this method, we can accurately predict the functionality of hundreds of low-frequency missense mutations in p53, PTEN and INK4A. Many loss-of-function p53 mutations with dominant negative effects were identified, and the functional importance of several regions in p53 structure were highlighted by this analysis. Furthermore, mutational difficulty analysis also points to potential means of cancer prevention. Our study not only established relative mutational difficulties for different types of mutations in human cancer, but also showed that by incorporating such parameter, we can bring new angles to understanding cancer formation and prevention.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, J. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, Y. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/789313</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Defining relative mutational difficulty to understand cancer formation and prevention]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/802629v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Optimal Experimental Design for Big Data: Applications in Brain Imaging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/802629v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Replicability, the ability to replicate scientific findings, is a prerequisite for scientific discovery and clinical utility. Troublingly, we are in the midst of a replicability crisis. A key to replicability is that multiple measurements of the same item (e.g., experimental sample or clinical participant) under fixed experimental constraints are relatively similar to one another. Thus, statistics that quantify the relative contributions of accidental deviations--such as measurement error--as compared to systematic deviations--such as individual differences--are critical. We demonstrate that existing replicability statistics, such as intra-class correlation coefficient and fingerprinting, fail to adequately differentiate between accidental and systematic deviations in very simple settings. We therefore propose a novel statistic, discriminability, which quantifies the degree to which an individuals samples are relatively similar to one another, without restricting the data to be univariate, Gaussian, or even Euclidean. Using this statistic, we introduce the possibility of optimizing experimental design via increasing discriminability and prove that optimizing discriminability improves performance bounds in subsequent inference tasks. In extensive simulated and real datasets (focusing on brain imaging and demonstrating on genomics), only optimizing data discriminability improves performance on all subsequent inference tasks for each dataset. We therefore suggest that designing experiments and analyses to optimize discriminability may be a crucial step in solving the replicability crisis, and more generally, mitigating accidental measurement error.

Author SummaryIn recent decades, the size and complexity of data has grown exponentially. Unfortunately, the increased scale of modern datasets brings many new challenges. At present, we are in the midst of a replicability crisis, in which scientific discoveries fail to replicate to new datasets. Difficulties in the measurement procedure and measurement processing pipelines coupled with the influx of complex high-resolution measurements, we believe, are at the core of the replicability crisis. If measurements themselves are not replicable, what hope can we have that we will be able to use the measurements for replicable scientific findings? We introduce the "discriminability" statistic, which quantifies how discriminable measurements are from one another, without limitations on the structure of the underlying measurements. We prove that discriminable strategies tend to be strategies which provide better accuracy on downstream scientific questions. We demonstrate the utility of discriminability over competing approaches in this context on two disparate datasets from both neuroimaging and genomics. Together, we believe these results suggest the value of designing experimental protocols and analysis procedures which optimize the discriminability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bridgeford, E. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Craddock, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiar, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gray-Roncal, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Priebe, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caffo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milham, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuo, X.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Consortium for Reliability and Reproducibility,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vogelstein, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/802629</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Optimal Experimental Design for Big Data: Applications in Brain Imaging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/808931v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evaluation of Commercially Available Exosomal Isolation Kits from Human Plasma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/808931v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Exosomes are cell-derived lipid bilayer particles which are abundant in biological fluids. Exosome is an emerging source of biomarkers to diagnose various human diseases. Sequencing based exosomal studies could provide a comprehensive view of exosomal RNA and protein. To extracted these inclusions, exosomes should be isolated from the plasma first. Several exosome isolation methods were introduced since the discover of exosome. To promote the clinical application of exosomal inclusions, different isolation methods should be compared. We isolated exosomes from human plasma by using user-friendly and commercially available kits, SBI ExoQuick and QIAGEN exoRNeasy. Subsequently, small RNA sequencing was performed with two groups of isolated exosome samples and one group of plasma samples. No fundamental differences of exRNA yield between SC and EQ were found. In RNA profile analysis, the small RNA aligned reads, miRNA pattern, sample clustering varied as a result of methodological differences. Small RNA isolated by ExoQuick presented better data quality and RNA profile than exoRNeasy. This study compared sRNA sequencing data generated from two exosome isolation kits, it provides a reference for future small RNA studies and biomarker prediction in human plasma exosome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yuzhe, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nie, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/808931</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evaluation of Commercially Available Exosomal Isolation Kits from Human Plasma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/828673v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Low-disturbance farming regenerates healthy critical zone towards sustainable agriculture 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/828673v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intensive conventional farming has degraded farmland topsoil and seriously threaten food and environment security globally. Although low-disturbance practices have been widely adapted to restore soil health, whether this measure in a long run can potentially recover the critical deep soil to meet sustainable intensification of crop production are still unclear. Here we compared soil microbiome, physicochemical parameters along 3-m deep soil profiles, and crop yield in Northeast China subjected to ten years of farming practices at 3 levels of disturbance, including conventional tillage (CT), no-tillage without stover mulching (NTNS), and no-tillage with stover mulching (NTSM). We found that low-disturbance practices (NTNS and NTSM) promoted the ability of the deep soil to retain water, nitrogen and salt-extractable organic, regenerated whole-soil microbial diversity and metabolic function, improved topsoil organic carbon stock and corn yield in the drought year, showed the potential to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, thus regenerating highly efficient, sustainable agriculture.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Deng, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/828673</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Low-disturbance farming regenerates healthy critical zone towards sustainable agriculture]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/840918v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Recurrent Neoantigens in Colorectal Cancer as Potential Immunotherapy Targets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/840918v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This study was aimed to investigate the mutations in colorectal cancer (CRC) for recurrent neoantigen identification. A total of 1,779 samples with whole exome sequencing (WES) data were obtained from 7 published CRC cohorts. Common HLA genotypes were used to predict the probability of neoantigens at high frequency mutants in the dataset. Based on the WES data, we not only obtained the most comprehensive CRC mutation landscape so far, but also found 1550 mutation sites which could be identified in at least 5 or more patients, including KRAS G12D (8%), KRAS G12V (5.8%), PIK3CA E545K (3.5%), PIK3CA H1047R (2.5%) and BMPR2 N583Tfs*44 (2.8%). These mutations can also be recognized by multiple common HLA molecules as potential  public neoantigens. Many of these mutations also have high mutation rates in metastatic pan-cancers, suggesting their value as therapeutic targets in different cancer types. Overall, our analysis provides recurrent neoantigens as potential cancer immunotherapy targets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/840918</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Recurrent Neoantigens in Colorectal Cancer as Potential Immunotherapy Targets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/843532v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional connectome analyses reveal a highly optimized human olfactory network 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/843532v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The olfactory system is uniquely heterogeneous, performing multifaceted functions (beyond basic sensory processing) across diverse, widely distributed neural substrates. While knowledge of human olfaction continues to grow, it remains unclear how the olfactory network is organized to serve this unique set of functions. Leveraging a large and high-quality resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) dataset of nearly 900 participants from the Human Connectome Project (HCP), we identified a human olfactory network encompassing cortical and subcortical regions across the temporal and frontal lobes. Highlighting its reliability and generalizability, the connectivity matrix of this olfactory network mapped closely onto that extracted from an independent rs-fMRI dataset. Graph theoretical analysis further explicated the organizational principles of the network. The olfactory network exhibits a functionally advantageous modular composition of three (i.e., the sensory, limbic, and frontal) subnetworks and demonstrates strong small-world properties, high in both global integration and local segregation (i.e., circuit specialization). This network organization thus ensures the segregation of local circuits, which are nonetheless integrated via connecting hubs (i.e., amygdala and anterior insula), thereby enabling the specialized, yet integrative, functions of olfaction. In particular, the degree of local segregation positively predicted olfactory discrimination performance in the independent sample. In sum, an olfactory functional network has been identified through the large HCP dataset, affording a representative template of the human olfactory functional neuroanatomy. Importantly, the topological analysis of the olfactory network provides network-level insights into the remarkable functional specialization and spatial segregation of the olfactory system.

Significance StatementOlfaction is an intriguing multifunctional system, playing key roles in regulating emotions, autonomic tone, and feeding, beyond basic sensory perception. However, it is unclear how the neuroanatomy of olfaction is organized in humans to subserve these functions. Functional connectivity analysis of the HCP dataset combined with graph theoretical analysis revealed an optimized large-scale network consisting of three subnetworks--the sensory, limbic, and frontal subnetworks. Distributed across frontal and temporal lobes in well segregated fashion, these olfactory structures are also highly integrated, linked through hub nodes of the amygdala and anterior insula. Our independent dataset replicated the HCP-derived olfactory network and, importantly, highlighted a direct association between the degree of network segregation and olfactory perception.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Arnold, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>You, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuo, X.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Araujo, I. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/843532</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional connectome analyses reveal a highly optimized human olfactory network]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/849166v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Characterization of Isoforms of the Ovine Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/849166v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) regulates the maturation, proliferation, and differentiation of precursor cells of neutrophilic granulocytes, and has been widely studied in several species. To investigate the function of variants of sheep GCSF (sGCSF), this study compared difference in their mRNA expression levels. Both the activity and mRNA expression level of GCSFv2 were higher than those of GCSFv1. Their sequences were aligned, which showed that they had the highest homology with bovine GCSF. Then, predicted ovine GCSF isoforms and their constant C-terminals were cloned and expressed, which were stably expressed in mammalian cells. After purification, all GCSF functions were different both in vitro and in vivo, and the GCSF C-terminal was best. These results indicated that the ability to stimulate both the proliferation and differentiation of progenitor cells and to activate the maturation of neutrophils could be used for research of efficacious non-antibiotic protein drugs. Furthermore, GCSF can be used as candidate target of genetic breeding to specifically improve sheep immunity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nie, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, R. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/849166</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Characterization of Isoforms of the Ovine Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/870758v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Parkinson's disease associated mutation E46K of α-synuclein triggers the formation of a novel fibril structure 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/870758v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
-Synuclein (-syn) amyloid fibril, as the major component of Lewy bodies and pathological entity spreading in human brain, is closely associated with Parkinsons disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies. Several single amino-acid mutations (e.g. E46K) of -syn have been identified causative to the early onset of familial PD. Here, we determined the cryo-EM structure of a full-length -syn fibril formed by N-terminal acetylated E46K mutant -syn (Ac-E46K). The fibril structure represents a new fold of -syn, which demonstrates that the E46K mutation breaks the electrostatic interactions in the wild type (WT) -syn fibril and thus triggers the rearrangement of the overall structure. Furthermore, we show that the Ac-E46K fibril is less resistant to harsh conditions and protease cleavage, and more prone to be fragmented with a higher capability of seeding fibril formation than that of the WT fibril. Our work provides a structural view to the severe pathology of the PD familial mutation E46K of -syn and highlights the importance of electrostatic interactions in defining the fibril polymorphs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, X.-d.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/870758</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Parkinson's disease associated mutation E46K of α-synuclein triggers the formation of a novel fibril structure]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/114645v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A novel method for large-scale identification of polymorphic microsatellites through comparative transcriptome analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/114645v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microsatellite (SSR) is one of the most popular markers for applied genetic research, but generally the current methods to develop SSRs are relatively time-consuming and expensive. Although high-throughput sequencing (HTS) approach has become a practical and relatively inexpensive option so far, only a small percentage of SSR markers turn out to be polymorphic. Here, we designed a new method to enrich polymorphic SSRs through the comparative transcriptome analysis. This program contains five main steps: 1) transcriptome data downloading or RNA-seq; 2) sequence assembly; 3) SSR mining and enrichment of sequences containing SSRs; 4) sequence alignment; 5) enrichment of sequences containing polymorphic SSRs. A validation experiment was performed and the results showed almost all markers (> 90%) that were indicated as putatively polymorphic by this method were indeed polymorphic. The frequency of polymorphic SSRs was significantly higher (P < 0.05) but the cost and running time were much lower than those of traditional and HTS approaches. The method has a practical value for polymorphic SSRs development and might be widely used for genetic analyses in any species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Luo, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhan, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-03-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/114645</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A novel method for large-scale identification of polymorphic microsatellites through comparative transcriptome analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-03-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.08.898155v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inferring Disease-Associated Piwi-Interacting RNAs via Graph Attention Networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.08.898155v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationPIWI proteins and Piwi-Interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are commonly detected in human cancers, especially in germline and somatic tissues, and correlates with poorer clinical outcomes, suggesting that they play a functional role in cancer. As the problem of combinatorial explosions between ncRNA and disease exposes out gradually, new bioinformatics methods for large-scale identification and prioritization of potential associations are therefore of interest. However, in the real world, the network of interactions between molecules is enormously intricate and noisy, which poses a problem for efficient graph mining. This study aims to make preliminary attempts on bionetwork based graph mining.

ResultsIn this study, we present a method based on graph attention network to identify potential and biologically significant piRNA-disease associations (PDAs), called GAPDA. The attention mechanism can calculate a hidden representation of an association in the network based on neighbor nodes and assign weights to the input to make decisions. In particular, we introduced the attention-based Graph Neural Networks to the field of bio-association prediction for the first time, and proposed an abstract network topology suitable for small samples. Specifically, we combined piRNA sequence information and disease semantic similarity with piRNA-disease association network to construct a new attribute network. In the experiment, GAPDA performed excellently in five-fold cross-validation with the AUC of 0.9038. Not only that, but it still has superior performance compared to methods based on collaborative filtering and attribute features. The experimental results show that GAPDA ensures the prospect of the graph neural network on such problems and can be an excellent supplement for future biomedical research.

Contactzhuhongyou@ms.xjb.ac.cn;leiwang@ms.xjb.ac.cn

Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zheng, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>You, Z.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>wang, l.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.08.898155</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inferring Disease-Associated Piwi-Interacting RNAs via Graph Attention Networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.14.902643v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome wide sequencing provides evidence of adaptation to heterogeneous environments for the ancient relictual Circaeaster agrestis (Circaeasteraceae, Ranunculales) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.14.902643v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
O_LIInvestigating the interaction between environmental heterogeneity and local adaptation is critical to understand the evolutionary history of a species, providing the premise for studying the response of organisms to rapid climate change. However, for most species how exactly the spatial heterogeneity promotes population divergence and how genomic variations contribute to adaptive evolution remain poorly understood.
C_LIO_LIWe examine the contributions of geographical and environmental variables to population divergence of the relictual, alpine herb Circaeaster agrestis, as well as genetic basis of local adaptation using RAD-seq and plastome data.
C_LIO_LIWe detected significant genetic structure with an extraordinary disequilibrium of genetic diversity among regions, and signals of isolation-by-distance along with isolation-by-resistance. The populations were estimated to begin diverging in the late Miocene, along with a possible ancestral distribution of the Hengduan Mountains and adjacent regions. Both environmental gradient and redundancy analyses revealed significant association between genetic variation and temperature variables. Genome-environment association analyses identified 16 putatively adaptive loci related to biotic and abiotic stress resistance.
C_LIO_LIOur genome wide data provide new insights into the important role of environmental heterogeneity in shaping genetic structure, and access the footprints of local adaptation in an ancient relictual species, informing conservation efforts.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landis, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.14.902643</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome wide sequencing provides evidence of adaptation to heterogeneous environments for the ancient relictual Circaeaster agrestis (Circaeasteraceae, Ranunculales)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.22.914952v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Discovery of a novel coronavirus associated with the recent pneumonia outbreak in humans and its potential bat origin 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.22.914952v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Since the SARS outbreak 18 years ago, a large number of severe acute respiratory syndrome related coronaviruses (SARSr-CoV) have been discovered in their natural reservoir host, bats1-4. Previous studies indicated that some of those bat SARSr-CoVs have the potential to infect humans5-7. Here we report the identification and characterization of a novel coronavirus (nCoV-2019) which caused an epidemic of acute respiratory syndrome in humans, in Wuhan, China. The epidemic, started from December 12th, 2019, has caused 198 laboratory confirmed infections with three fatal cases by January 20th, 2020. Full-length genome sequences were obtained from five patients at the early stage of the outbreak. They are almost identical to each other and share 79.5% sequence identify to SARS-CoV. Furthermore, it was found that nCoV-2019 is 96% identical at the whole genome level to a bat coronavirus. The pairwise protein sequence analysis of seven conserved non-structural proteins show that this virus belongs to the species of SARSr-CoV. The nCoV-2019 virus was then isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of a critically ill patient, which can be neutralized by sera from several patients. Importantly, we have confirmed that this novel CoV uses the same cell entry receptor, ACE2, as SARS-CoV.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shi, Z.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Si, H.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, R.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, M.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, X.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, X.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Q.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhan, F.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.22.914952</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Discovery of a novel coronavirus associated with the recent pneumonia outbreak in humans and its potential bat origin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.30.926329v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell transcriptome analyses recapitulate the cellular and developmental responses to abiotic stresses in rice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.30.926329v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The metabolism and reproduction of plants depend on the division of labors among cells. However, cells with various functions are often studied as a bulk where their specificities were diluted. Here, we apply single-cell RNA sequencing to the aerial part of rice seedlings growing in various environments. We capture the transcriptomes of thousands of cells, identify all major cell types, and reconstruct their developmental trajectories. We find that abiotic stresses not only affect gene expression in a cell-type-specific manner but also have impacts on the physical size of cells and the composition of cell populations. We validate some of these conclusions with microscopy and provide developmental mechanisms with computational analyses. Collectively, our study represents a benchmark-setting data resource of single-cell transcriptome atlas in rice and an illustration of exploiting such resource to drive discoveries in plant biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huan, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.30.926329</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell transcriptome analyses recapitulate the cellular and developmental responses to abiotic stresses in rice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.27.967588v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TWIRLS, an automated topic-wise inference method based on massive literature, suggests a possible mechanism via ACE2 for the pathological changes in the human host after coronavirus infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.27.967588v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Faced with the current large-scale public health emergency, collecting, sorting, and analyzing biomedical information related to the "coronavirus" should be done as quickly as possible to gain a global perspective, which is a basic requirement for strengthening epidemic control capacity. However, for human researchers studying the viruses and the hosts, the vast amount of information available cannot be processed effectively and in a timely manner, particularly when the scientific understanding may be limited, which can further lower the information processing efficiency. We present TWIRLS, a method that can automatically acquire, organize, and classify information. Additionally, independent functional data sources can be added to build an inference system using a machine-based approach, which can provide relevant knowledge to help human researchers quickly establish subject cognition and to make more effective decisions. TWIRLS can automatically analyze more than three million words in more than 14,000 literature articles in only 4 hours. Combining with generalized gene interaction databases creates a data interface that can help researchers to further analyze the information. Using the TWIRLS system, we found that an important regulatory factor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) may be involved in the host pathological changes on binding to the coronavirus after infection. After triggering functional changes in ACE2/AT2R, an imbalance in the steady-state cytokine regulatory axis involving the Renin-Angiotensin System and IP-10 leads to a cytokine storm.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ji, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.27.967588</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TWIRLS, an automated topic-wise inference method based on massive literature, suggests a possible mechanism via ACE2 for the pathological changes in the human host after coronavirus infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.06.980102v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptome analysis of the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans in acidic stress environments 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.06.980102v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ocean acidification and acid rain, caused by modern industrial fossil fuels burning, lead to decrease of living environmental pH, which results in a series of negative effects on many organisms. However, the underlying mechanisms of animals’response to acidic pH stress are largely unknown. In this study, we used the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as an animal model to explore the regulatory mechanisms of organisms’response to pH decline. Two major stress-responsive pathways were found through transcriptome analysis in acidic stress environments. Firstly, when the pH dropped from 6.33 to 4.33, the worms responded to the pH stress by up-regulation of the col, nas and dpy genes, which are required for cuticle synthesis and structure integrity. Secondly, when the pH continued to decrease from 4.33, the metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 pathway genes (cyp, gst, ugt, and ABC transporters) played a major role in protecting the nematodes from the toxic substances probably produced by the more acidic environment. At the same time, cuticle synthesis slowed down might due to its insufficient protective ability. Moreover, the systematic regulation pattern we found in nematodes, might also be applied to other invertebrate and vertebrate animals to survive in the changing pH environments. Thus, our data might lay the foundation to identify the master gene(s) responding and adaptation to acidic pH stress in further studies, and might also provide new solutions to improve assessment and monitoring of ecological restoration outcomes, or generate novel genotypes via genome editing for restoring in challenging environments especially in the context of acidic stress through global climate change.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.06.980102</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptome analysis of the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans in acidic stress environments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.17.994954v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single cell chromatin accessibility of the developmental cephalochordate 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.17.994954v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The phylum chordata are composed of three groups: vertebrata, tunicate and cephalochordata. Single cell developmental atlas for typical species in vertebrata (mouse, zebrafish, western frog, worm) and tunicate (sea squirts) has been constructed recently. However, the single cell resolution atlas for lancelet, a living proxy of vertebrate ancestors, has not been achieved yet. Here, we profiled more than 57 thousand cells during the development of florida lancelet (Branchiostoma floridae), covering important processes including embryogenesis, organogenesis and metamorphosis. We identified stage and cluster specific regulatory elements. Additionally, we revealed the regulatory codes underlying functional specification and lineage commitment. Based on epigenetic features, we constructed the developmental trajectory for lancelet, elucidating how cell fates were established progressively. Overall, our study provides, by far, the first single cell regulatory landscape of amphioxus, which could help us to understand the heterogeneity and complexity of lancet development at single cell resolution and throw light upon the great transition from simple chordate ancestor to modern vertebrates with amazing diversity and endless forms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>wang, x.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.17.994954</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single cell chromatin accessibility of the developmental cephalochordate]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.25.996348v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure-Based Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Peptidomimetic Aldehydes as a Novel Series of Antiviral Drug Candidates Targeting the SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.25.996348v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 is the etiological agent responsible for the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan. Specific antiviral drug are urgently needed to treat COVID-19 infections. The main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 is a key CoV enzyme that plays a pivotal role in mediating viral replication and transcription, which makes it an attractive drug target. In an effort to rapidly discover lead compounds targeting Mpro, two compounds (11a and 11b) were designed and synthesized, both of which exhibited excellent inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 0.05 M and 0.04 M respectively. Significantly, both compounds exhibited potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 infection activity in a cell-based assay with an EC50 value of 0.42 M and 0.33 M, respectively. The X-ray crystal structures of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro in complex with 11a and 11b were determined at 1.5 [A] resolution, respectively. The crystal structures showed that 11a and 11b are covalent inhibitors, the aldehyde groups of which are bound covalently to Cys145 of Mpro. Both compounds showed good PK properties in vivo, and 11a also exhibited low toxicity which is promising drug leads with clinical potential that merits further studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dai, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, X.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.25.996348</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure-Based Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Peptidomimetic Aldehydes as a Novel Series of Antiviral Drug Candidates Targeting the SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.02.021840v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Plastome phylogenomic study of Gentianeae (Gentianaceae): widespread gene tree discordance and its association with evolutionary rate heterogeneity of plastid genes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.02.021840v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundPlastome-scale data have been prevalent in reconstructing the plant Tree of Life. However, phylogenomic studies currently based on plastomes rely primarily on maximum likelihood (ML) inference of concatenated alignments of plastid genes, and thus phylogenetic discordance produced by individual plastid genes has generally been ignored. Moreover, structural and functional characteristics of plastomes indicate that plastid genes may not evolve as a single locus and are experiencing different evolutionary forces, yet the genetic characteristics of plastid genes within a lineage remain poorly studied.

ResultsWe sequenced and annotated ten plastome sequences of Gentianeae. Phylogenomic analyses yielded robust relationships among genera within Gentianeae. We detected great variation of gene tree topologies and revealed more than half of the genes, including one (atpB) of the three widely used plastid markers (rbcL, atpB and matK) in phylogenetic inference of Gentianeae, are likely contributing to phylogenetic ambiguity of Gentianeae. Estimation of nucleotide substitution rates showed extensive rate heterogeneity among different plastid genes and among different functional groups of genes. Comparative analysis suggested that the ribosomal protein (RPL and RPS) genes and the RNA polymerase (RPO) genes have higher substitution rates and genetic variations in Gentianeae. Our study revealed that just one (matK) of the three (matK, ndhB and rbcL) widely used markers show high phylogenetic informativeness (PI) value. Due to the high PI and lowest gene-tree discordance, rpoC2 is advocated as a promising plastid DNA barcode for taxonomic studies of Gentianeae. Furthermore, our analyses revealed a positive correlation of evolutionary rates with genetic variation of plastid genes, but a negative correlation with gene-tree discordance under purifying selection.

ConclusionsOverall, our results demonstrate the heterogeneity of nucleotide substitution rates and genetic characteristics among plastid genes providing new insights into plastome evolution, while highlighting the necessity of considering gene-tree discordance into phylogenomic studies based on plastome-scale data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landis, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lv, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.02.021840</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Plastome phylogenomic study of Gentianeae (Gentianaceae): widespread gene tree discordance and its association with evolutionary rate heterogeneity of plastid genes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.07.029884v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Immunoglobulin fragment F(ab')2 against RBD potently neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 in vitro 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.07.029884v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
COVID-19 caused by the emerging human coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has become a global pandemic, leading a serious threat to human health. So far, there is none vaccines or specific antiviral drugs approved for that. Therapeutic antibodies for SARS-CoV-2, was obtained from hyper immune equine plasma in this study. Herein, SARS-CoV-2 RBD with gram level were obtained through Chinese hamster ovary cells high-density fermentation. The binding of RBD to SARS-CoV-2 receptor, human ACE2, was verified and the efficacy of RBD in vivo was tested on mice and then on horses. As a result, RBD triggered high-titer neutralizing antibodies in vivo, and immunoglobulin fragment F(ab)2 was prepared from horse antisera through removing Fc. Neutralization test demonstrated that RBD-specific F(ab)2 inhibited SARS-CoV-2 with EC50 at 0.07 g/ml, showing a potent inhibitory effect on SARS-CoV-2. These results highlights as RBD-specific F(ab)2 as therapeutic candidate for SARS-CoV-2.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.07.029884</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Immunoglobulin fragment F(ab')2 against RBD potently neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 in vitro]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.09.033233v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural basis for the inhibition of COVID-19 virus main protease by carmofur, an antineoplastic drug 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.09.033233v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The antineoplastic drug Carmofur was shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro). Here the X-ray crystal structure of Mpro in complex with Carmofur reveals that the carbonyl reactive group of Carmofur is covalently bound to catalytic Cys145, whereas its fatty acid tail occupies the hydrophobic S2 subsite. Carmofur inhibits viral replication in cells (EC50 = 24.30 M) and it is a promising lead compound to develop new antiviral treatment for COVID-19.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jin, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guddat, L. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.09.033233</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural basis for the inhibition of COVID-19 virus main protease by carmofur, an antineoplastic drug]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.27.063859v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Role of 1'-Ribose Cyano Substitution for Remdesivir to Effectively Inhibit both Nucleotide Addition and Proofreading in SARS-CoV-2 Viral RNA Replication 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.27.063859v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
COVID-19 has recently caused a global health crisis and an effective interventional therapy is urgently needed. SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is a promising but challenging drug target due to its intrinsic proofreading exoribonuclease (ExoN). Remdesivir targeting SARS-CoV-2 RdRp exerts high drug efficacy in vitro and in vivo. However, its underlying inhibitory mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we performed all-atom molecular dynamics simulations with an accumulated simulation time of 24 microseconds to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effects of Remdesivir. We found that Remdesivirs 1-cyano group of possesses the dual role of inhibiting nucleotide addition and proofreading. The presence of its polar 1-cyano group at an upstream site in RdRp causes instability and hampers RdRp translocation. This leads to a delayed chain termination of RNA extension, which may also subsequently reduce the likelihood for Remdesivir to be cleaved by ExoN acting on the 3-terminal nucleotide. In addition, our simulations suggest that Remdesivirs 1-cyano group can also disrupt the cleavage active site of ExoN via steric interactions, leading to a further reduced cleavage efficiency. Our work provides plausible molecular mechanisms on how Remdesivir inhibits viral RNA replication and may guide rational design for new treatments of COVID-19 targeting viral replication.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yen, H.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheung, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.27.063859</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Role of 1'-Ribose Cyano Substitution for Remdesivir to Effectively Inhibit both Nucleotide Addition and Proofreading in SARS-CoV-2 Viral RNA Replication]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.09.085811v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Broad-spectrum antivirals of protoporphyrins inhibit the entry of highly pathogenic emerging viruses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.09.085811v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Severe emerging and re-emerging viral infections such as Lassa fever, Avian influenza (AI), and COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 urgently call for new strategies for the development of broad-spectrum antivirals targeting conserved components in the virus life cycle. Viral lipids are essential components, and viral-cell membrane fusion is the required entry step for most unrelated enveloped viruses. In this paper, we identified a porphyrin derivative of protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) that showed broad antiviral activities in vitro against a panel of enveloped pathogenic viruses including Lassa virus (LASV), Machupo virus (MACV), and SARS-CoV-2 as well as various subtypes of influenza A viral strains with IC50 values ranging from 0.91{+/-}0.25 M to 1.88{+/-}0.34 M. A mechanistic study using influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) as a testing strain showed that PPIX inhibits the infection in the early stage of virus entry through biophysically interacting with the hydrophobic lipids of enveloped virions, thereby inhibiting the formation of the negative curvature required for fusion and blocking the entry of enveloped viruses into host cells. In addition, the preliminary antiviral activities of PPIX were further assessed by testing mice infected with the influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) virus. The results showed that compared with the control group without drug treatment, the survival rate and mean survival time of the mice treated with PPIX were apparently prolonged. These data encourage us to conduct further investigations using PPIX as a lead compound for the rational design of lipid-targeting antivirals for the treatment of infection with enveloped viruses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.09.085811</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Broad-spectrum antivirals of protoporphyrins inhibit the entry of highly pathogenic emerging viruses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.13.094904v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamic dopaminergic activity controls the timing of self-timed movement 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.13.094904v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Clues from human movement disorders have long suggested that the neurotransmitter dopamine plays a key role in motor control, but how the endogenous dopaminergic system regulates movement is unknown. Here we show dynamic dopaminergic signaling over seconds-long timescales controls movement timing in mice. Animals were trained to initiate licking after a self-timed interval following a start-timing cue. The movement time was variable from trial-to-trial, as expected from previous studies. Surprisingly, dopaminergic signals ramped-up over seconds between the start-timing cue and the self-timed movement, with variable dynamics that predicted the movement time on single trials. Steeply rising signals preceded early lick-initiation, whereas slowly rising signals preceded later initiation. Higher baseline signals also predicted earlier self-timed movements. Optogenetic activation of dopamine neurons during self-timing did not trigger immediate movements, but rather caused systematic early-shifting of movement initiation, whereas inhibition caused late-shifting, as if modulating the probability of movement. Consistent with this view, the dynamics of the endogenous dopaminergic signals quantitatively predicted the moment-by-moment probability of movement initiation on single trials. These results reveal a causal role for dynamic dopaminergic signaling unfolding over seconds in modulating the decision of when to move.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hamilos, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spedicato, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Assad, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.13.094904</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamic dopaminergic activity controls the timing of self-timed movement]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.05.131748v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ultra-sensitive nanozyme-based chemiluminescence paper test for rapid diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.05.131748v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The recently emerged coronavirus disease COVID-19 has now evolved into a global pandemic. Early detection is crucial for its effective control. Nucleic acid testing for viral pathogen and serological testing for host antibodies are playing important roles in current COVID-19 diagnosis. However, while nucleic acid testing is complicated, facility-restricted and time-consuming, antibody testing may result in high rates of false-negative diagnoses, especially during the early stages of viral infection. Thus, a more rapid and reliable test for both early COVID-19 diagnosis and whole-population screening is urgently needed. Here, we developed a novel nanozyme-based chemiluminescence paper assay for rapid and high-sensitive testing of SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen. Our paper test uses a newly established peroxidase-mimic Co-Fe@hemin nanozyme instead of natural HRP that catalytically amplifies the chemiluminescent signal, allowing for target concentrations to be as low as 0.1 ng/ml. Furthermore, our nanozyme-based chemiluminescence test exhibits a linear range that is 32-fold wider compared to ELISA tests. Importantly, testing is completed in less than 16 min, compared to 1-2 h required for ELISA or nucleic acid tests. Critically, signal detection is feasible using a smartphone camera. Ingredients for our test are simple and readily available, rendering overall cost considerably lower than those used in current diagnoses. In conclusion, our novel test provides a high-sensitive, point-of-care testing (POCT) approach for SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection, which should greatly increase current early screening capacities for suspected infections, and considerably lower demand for national healthcare resources.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ju, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.05.131748</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ultra-sensitive nanozyme-based chemiluminescence paper test for rapid diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.27.174953v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein causes acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)-like pathological damage and constitutes an antiviral target 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.27.174953v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cytokine storm and multi-organ failure are the main causes of SARS-CoV-2-related death. However, the origin of the virus excessively damaging abilities remains unknown. Here we show that the SARS-CoV-2 envelope (2-E) protein alone is sufficient to cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)-like damage in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of 2-E protein induced rapid pyroptosis-like cell death in various susceptible cells and robust secretion of cytokines and chemokines in macrophages. Intravenous administration of purified 2-E protein into mice caused ARDS-like pathological damage in lung and spleen. Overexpressed 2-E protein formed cation channels in host cell membranes, eventually leading to membrane rupture. Newly identified channel inhibitors exhibited potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity and excellent protective effects against the 2-E-induced damage both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, their channel inhibition, cell protection and antiviral activities were positively correlated with each other, supporting 2-E is a promising drug target against SARS-CoV-2.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.27.174953</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein causes acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)-like pathological damage and constitutes an antiviral target]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.02.185611v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SPRDA: a matrix completion approach based on the structural perturbation to infer disease-associated Piwi-Interacting RNAs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.02.185611v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Emerging evidence suggests that PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are one of the most influential small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that regulate RNA silencing. piRNA and PIWI proteins have been confirmed for disease diagnosis and treatment as novel biomarkers due to its abnormal expression in various cancers. However, the current research is not strong enough to further clarify the functions of piRNA in cancer and its underlying mechanism. Therefore, how to provide large-scale and serious piRNA candidates for biological research has grown up to be a pressing issue. The main motivation of this work is tantamount to fill the gap in research on large-scale prediction of disease-related piRNAs. In this study, a novel computational model based on the structural perturbation method is proposed, called SPRDA. In detail, the duplex network is constructed based on the piRNA similarity network and disease similarity network extracted from piRNA sequence information, Gaussian interaction profile kernel similarity information and gene-disease association information. The structural perturbation method is then used to predict the potential associations on the duplex network, which is more predictive than other network structures in terms of structural consistency. In the five-fold cross-validation, SPRDA shows high performance on the benchmark dataset piRDisease, with an AUC of 0.9529. Furthermore, the predictive performance of SPRDA for 10 diseases shows the robustness of the proposed method. Overall, the proposed approach can provide unique insights into the pathogenesis of the disease and will advance the field of oncology diagnosis and treatment.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zheng, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>You, Z.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>wang, l.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhan, Z.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.02.185611</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SPRDA: a matrix completion approach based on the structural perturbation to infer disease-associated Piwi-Interacting RNAs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.06.174748v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CGMTSA: An R package for continuous glucose monitoring time series data analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.06.174748v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The R package CGMTSA was developed to facilitate investigations that examine the continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data as a time series. Accordingly, novel time series functions were introduced to: 1) enable more accurate missing data imputation and outlier identification; 2) calculate recommended CGM metrics as well as key time series parameters; 3) plot interactive and 3D graphs that allow direct visualizations of temporal CGM data and time series model optimization. The software was designed to accommodate all popular CGM devices and support all common data processing steps.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jian, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xin, Z. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.06.174748</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CGMTSA: An R package for continuous glucose monitoring time series data analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.23.217703v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell landscape of immunological responses in COVID-19 patients 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.23.217703v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, the relationship between disease severity and the host immune response is not fully understood. Here we performed single-cell RNA sequencing in peripheral blood samples of five healthy donors and 13 COVID-19 patients including moderate, severe and convalescent cases. Through determining the transcriptional profiles of immune cells, coupled with assembled T cell receptor and B cell receptor sequences, we analyzed the functional properties of immune cells. Most cell types in COVID-19 patients showed a strong interferon-alpha response, and an overall acute inflammatory response. Moreover, intensive expansion of highly cytotoxic effector T cell subsets, such as CD4+ Effector-GNLY (Granulysin), CD8+ Effector-GNLY and NKT CD160, was associated with convalescence in moderate patients. In severe patients, the immune landscape featured a deranged interferon response, profound immune exhaustion with skewed T cell receptor repertoire and broad T cell expansion. These findings illustrate the dynamic nature of immune responses during the disease progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, J.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, J.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, R.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, X.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, T.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zumla, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maeurer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.23.217703</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell landscape of immunological responses in COVID-19 patients]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.03.233437v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Induction of core symptoms of autism spectrum disorders by in vivo CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing in the brain of adolescent rhesus monkeys 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.03.233437v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although CRISPR/Cas9 mediated gene editing is widely applied to mimic human disorders, whether acute manipulation of disease causing genes in the brain leads to behavioral abnormalities in non human primates remains to be determined. Here we induced genetic mutations in MECP2, a critical gene linked to Rett syndrome (RTT) and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), in the hippocampus (DG and CA1~4) of adolescent rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) in vivo via adeno associated virus (AAV) delivered Staphylococcus aureus Cas9 with sgRNAs targeting MECP2. In comparison to monkeys injected with AAV-SaCas9 alone (n = 4), numerous autistic-like behavioral abnormalities were identified in the AAV~SaCas9~sgMECP2 injected monkeys (n = 7), including social interaction deficits, abnormal sleep patterns, insensitivity to aversive stimuli, abnormal hand motions and defective social reward behaviors. Furthermore, some aspects of ASDs and RTT, such as stereotypic behaviors, did not appear in the MECP2 gene-edited monkeys, suggesting that different brain areas likely contribute to distinct ASD symptoms. This study showed that acute manipulation of disease-causing genes via in vivo gene editing directly led to behavioral changes in adolescent primates, paving the way for the rapid generation of genetically engineered non-human primate models for neurobiological studies and therapeutic development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shihao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dongdong, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Linheng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian-Lin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhifang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Binbin, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiaofeng, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jing, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wenchao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yingzhou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yilin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Longbao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xintian, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zilong, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.03.233437</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Induction of core symptoms of autism spectrum disorders by in vivo CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing in the brain of adolescent rhesus monkeys]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.18.256594v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An Industrial-Grade Brain Imaging-Based Deep Learning Classifier 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.18.256594v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Beyond detecting brain lesions or tumors, comparatively little success has been attained in identifying brain disorders such as Alzheimers disease (AD), based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Many machine learning algorithms to detect AD have been trained using limited training data, meaning they often generalize poorly when applied to scans from previously unseen populations. Therefore, we built a practical brain MRI-based AD diagnostic classifier using deep learning/transfer learning on a dataset of unprecedented size and diversity. A retrospective MRI dataset pooled from more than 217 sites/scanners constituted one of the largest brain MRI samples to date (85,721 scans from 50,876 participants) between January 2017 and August 2021. Next, a state-of-the-art deep convolutional neural network, Inception-ResNet-V2, was built as a sex classifier with high generalization capability. The sex classifier achieved 94.9% accuracy and served as a base model in transfer learning for the objective diagnosis of AD. After transfer learning, the model fine-tuned for AD classification achieved 90.9% accuracy in leave-sites-out cross-validation on the Alzheimers Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI, 6,857 samples) dataset and 94.5%/93.6%/91.1% accuracy for direct tests on three unseen independent datasets (AIBL, 669 samples / MIRIAD, 644 samples / OASIS, 1,123 samples). When this AD classifier was tested on brain images from unseen mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, MCI patients who converted to AD were 3 times more likely to be predicted as AD than MCI patients who did not convert (65.2% vs 20.6%). Predicted scores from the AD classifier showed significant correlations with illness severity. In sum, the proposed AD classifier offers a medical-grade marker that has potential to be integrated into AD diagnostic practice.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Z.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, N.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Z.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, H.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, C.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.18.256594</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An Industrial-Grade Brain Imaging-Based Deep Learning Classifier]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.20.256677v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A novel oxidase from Alcaligenes sp. HO-1 oxidizes hydroxylamine to N2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.20.256677v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hydroxylamine is a key intermediate of microbial ammonia oxidation and plays an important role in the biogeochemical cycling of N-compounds. Hydroxylamine is oxidized to NO or N2O by hydroxylamine oxidases or cytochrome P460 from heterotrophic or autotrophic bacteria, but its enzymatic oxidation to N2 has not yet been observed. Here, we report on the discovery of a novel oxidase that converts hydroxylamine to N2 from the newly isolated heterotrophic nitrifier Alcaligenes strain HO-1. Strain HO-1 accumulated hydroxylamine and produced N2 from ammonia oxidation. Using transcriptome analysis and heterologous expression via fosmid library screening, we identified three genes (dnfABC) of strain HO-1 that enabled E. coli cells not only to produce hydroxylamine from 15N-labelled ammonium but also to further convert it to 15N2. The three genes were individually cloned and expressed, and their translational products DnfA, DnfB, and DnfC were purified. In vitro DnfA bound to hydroxylamine and catalyzed the conversion of hydroxylamine to N2 in the presence of FAD, NADH and O2. Thus, DnfA was identified as a novel hydroxylamine oxidase and catalyzed a previously unknown N-N bond forming reaction with a yet-to-be discovered mechanism. DnfA homologs were detected in different bacterial groups, suggesting that hydroxylamine oxidation to nitrogen might occur in additional microbial taxa.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, M.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, L.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, T.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ai, G.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, H.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, X.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, X.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herbold, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.20.256677</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A novel oxidase from Alcaligenes sp. HO-1 oxidizes hydroxylamine to N2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.30.266148v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Imaging transmembrane dynamics of biomolecules at live cell plasma membranes using quenchers in extracellular environment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.30.266148v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
It is a big challenge to measure position changes of biomolecules in the direction normal to the plasma membranes of living cells. We developed a one donor-multiple quenchers F[o]rster resonance energy transfer method by using non-fluorescent quenchers in the extracellular environment. It senses subnanometer position changes of a fluorophore-labeled biomolecule in the plasma membrane. The method was validated by monitoring flip-flops of individual lipid molecules incorporated in plasma membranes. We studies membrane perforation by a host defense peptide from the extracellular side and found that the pore-forming peptide is dynamic, switching among different insertion depths. The method is especially useful in studying interactions of membrane proteins with the inner surfaces of plasma membranes. Our method will find wide applications in systematic analysis of fundamental cellular processes at plasma membranes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hou, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, Q.-h.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.30.266148</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Imaging transmembrane dynamics of biomolecules at live cell plasma membranes using quenchers in extracellular environment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.04.282509v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In situ structure determination using single particle cryo-electron microscopy images 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.04.282509v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) tomography is a powerful tool for in situ structure determination. However, this method requires the acquisition of tilt series, and its time consuming throughput of acquiring tilt series severely slows determination of in situ structures. By treating the electron densities of non-target protein as non-Gaussian distributed noise, we developed a new target function that greatly improves the efficiency of the recognition of the target protein in a single cryo-EM image without acquiring tilt series. Moreover, we developed a sorting function that effectively eliminates the false positive detection, which not only improves the resolution during the subsequent structure refinement procedure but also allows using homolog proteins as models to recognize the target protein. Together, we developed an in situ single particle analysis (isSPA) method. Our isSPA method was successfully applied to solve structures of glycoproteins on the surface of a non-icosahedral virus and Rubisco inside the carboxysome. The cryo-EM data from both samples were collected within 24 hours, thus allowing fast and simple structural determination in situ.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cheng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Si, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.04.282509</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In situ structure determination using single particle cryo-electron microscopy images]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.30.320986v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The role of cation diffusion facilitator CDF-1 in lipid metabolism in Caenorhabditis elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.30.320986v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Zinc is one of the most important trace elements that plays a vital role in many biological processes, and aberrant zinc metabolism has been implicated in lipid-related metabolic diseases. Previously, we showed that zinc antagonizes iron to regulate sterol regulatory element-binding proteins and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SREBP-SCD) pathway in lipid metabolism in model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. Here, we further identified another cation diffusion facilitator CDF-1 in addition to SUR-7 in response to zinc to regulate lipid metabolism. Inactivation of SBP-1, the only homolog of SREBPs, leads to increased zinc level but decreased lipid accumulation reversely. However, either cdf-1(n2527) or sur-7(tm6523) mutation could successfully restore the altered fatty acid profile, fat content and zinc level of sbp-1(ep79) mutant. Furthermore, we found that CDF-1/SUR-7 may function bypass SBP-1 to directly affect the conversion activity of SCD in the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and lipid accumulation. Collectively, these results consistently support the link between zinc homeostasis and lipid metabolism via SREBP-SCD axis by cation diffusion facilitators CDF-1 and SUR-7.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.30.320986</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The role of cation diffusion facilitator CDF-1 in lipid metabolism in Caenorhabditis elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.02.323543v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intestinal microbiota modulates adrenomedullary response through Nod1 sensing in chromaffin cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.02.323543v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The intestinal microbiota closely interacts with the neuroendocrine system and exerts profound effects on host physiology. Many of the molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions await discovery. Here we report that Nod1 ligand derived from intestinal bacteria directly modulates catecholamine storage and secretion in mouse adrenal chromaffin cells. The cytosolic peptidoglycan receptor Nod1 is involved in chromogranin A (CHGA) retention in dense core granules (DCGs) in chromaffin cells in a cell-autonomous manner. Mechanistically, upon recognizing its cognate ligands, Nod1 localizes to DCGs, and recruits Rab2a, which is critical for CHGA retention in DCGs. Loss of Nod1 ligands leads to a profound defect in epinephrine storage in chromaffin cells, and subsequently, less secretion upon stimulation. The intestine-adrenal medulla crosstalk bridged by Nod1 ligands modulates adrenal medullary responses during the immobilization-induced stress response in mice. Thus, our study uncovers a mechanism by which intestinal microbes directly modulate a major pathway in response to stress, which may provide further understanding of the gut-brain axis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.02.323543</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intestinal microbiota modulates adrenomedullary response through Nod1 sensing in chromaffin cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.06.328336v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural basis for repurposing a 100-years-old drug suramin for treating COVID-19 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.06.328336v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The COVID-19 pandemic by non-stop infections of SARS-CoV-2 has continued to ravage many countries worldwide. Here we report the discovery of suramin, a 100-year-old drug, as a potent inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) through blocking the binding of RNA to the enzyme. In biochemical assays, suramin and its derivatives are at least 20-fold more potent than remdesivir, the currently approved nucleotide drug for COVID-19. The 2.6 [A] cryo-EM structure of the viral RdRp bound to suramin reveals two binding sites of suramin, with one site directly blocking the binding of the RNA template strand and the other site clash with the RNA primer strand near the RdRp catalytic active site, therefore inhibiting the viral RNA replication. Furthermore, suramin potently inhibits SARS-CoV-2 duplication in Vero E6 cells. These results provide a structural mechanism for the first non-nucleotide inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp and a rationale for repurposing suramin for treating COVID-19.

One Sentence SummaryDiscovery and mechanism of suramin as potent SARS-CoV-2 RNA polymerase inhibitor and its repurposing for treating COVID-19.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>You, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, H. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.06.328336</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural basis for repurposing a 100-years-old drug suramin for treating COVID-19]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.09.333799v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Increased light availability enhances tolerance against ocean acidification stress in Halimeda opuntia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.09.333799v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although the adverse impacts of ocean acidification (OA) on marine calcifiers have been investigated substantially, the anti-stress abilities regulated by increased light availability are unclear. Herein, the interactive effects of three light levels combined with two pCO2 concentrations on the physiological acclimation of the calcifying macroalga Halimeda opuntia were investigated using a pCO2-light coupling experiment. The results indicate that OA exhibits an adverse role in influencing algal growth, calcification, photosynthesis and other physiological performances in H. opuntia. The relative growth rate in elevated pCO2 significantly declined by 13.14%-41.29%, while net calcification rates decreased by nearly three-fold under OA. Notably, increased light availability could enhance stress resistance by the accumulation of soluble organic molecules, especially soluble carbohydrate, soluble protein and free amino acids, and in combination with metabolic enzyme-driven activities alleviated OA stress. Carotenoid content in low light conditions accumulated remarkably and rapid light curves for relative electron transport rate was significantly enhanced by increasing light intensities, indicating that this new organization of the photosynthetic machinery in H. opuntia accommodated light variations and elevated pCO2 conditions. Taken together, the results describe stress resistance by the enhancement of metabolic performance in marine calcifiers to mitigate OA stress.

One sentence summaryIncreased light availability enhances stress resistance in Halimeda opuntia by the accumulation of soluble organic molecules and enzyme-driven activities to alleviate ocean acidification stress.

Credit authorship contribution statementFangfang Yang and Lijuan Long conceived and designed the experiments. Zhangliang Wei performed the experiments and wrote the paper. Yuanzi Huo analyzed the data, while Chao Long and Yating Zhang contributed materials and analysis tools. Lijuan Long agrees to serve as the author responsible for contact and communication.

HighlightsO_LIElevated pCO2 adversely affects the physiological performance of Halimeda.
C_LIO_LIModerately high light increases soluble organic molecules and enzymatic-driven activities.
C_LIO_LIIncreased light availability enables H. opuntia to alleviate the negative effects of ocean acidification.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wei, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.09.333799</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Increased light availability enhances tolerance against ocean acidification stress in Halimeda opuntia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.01.363812v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural basis for repurpose and design of nucleoside drugs for treating COVID-19 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.01.363812v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 has caused a global pandemic of COVID-19 that urgently needs an effective treatment. Nucleoside analog drugs including favipiravir have been repurposed for COVID-19 despite of unclear mechanism of their inhibition of the viral RNA polymerase (RdRp). Here we report the cryo-EM structures of the viral RdRp in complex with favipiravir and two other nucleoside inhibitor drugs ribavirin and penciclovir. Ribavirin and the ribosylated form of favipiravir share a similar ribose scaffold that is distinct from penciclovir. However, the structures reveal that all three inhibitors are covalently linked to the primer strand in a monophosphate form despite the different chemical scaffolds between favipiravir and penciclovir. Surprisingly, the base moieties of these inhibitors can form mismatched pairs with the template strand. Moreover, in view of the clinical disadvantages of remdesivir mainly associated with its prodrug form, we designed several orally-available remdesivir parent nucleoside derivatives, including VV16 that showed 5-fold more potent than remdesivir in inhibition of viral replication. Together, these results demonstrate an unexpected promiscuity of the viral RNA polymerase and provide a basis for repurpose and design of nucleotide analog drugs for COVID-19.

One Sentence SummaryCryo-EM structures of the RNA polymerase of SARS-CoV-2 reveals the basis for repurposing of old nucleotide drugs to treat COVID-19.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aisa, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, H. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.01.363812</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural basis for repurpose and design of nucleoside drugs for treating COVID-19]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.10.376574v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NyuWa Genome Resource: Deep Whole Genome Sequencing Based Chinese Population Variation Profile and Reference Panel 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.10.376574v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The lack of Chinese population specific haplotype reference panel and whole genome sequencing resources has greatly hindered the genetics studies in the worlds largest population. Here we presented the NyuWa genome resource based on deep (26.2X) sequencing of 2,999 Chinese individuals, and constructed NyuWa reference panel of 5,804 haplotypes and 19.3M variants, which is the first publicly available Chinese population specific reference panel with thousands of samples. Compared with other panels, NyuWa reference panel reduces the Han Chinese imputation error rate by the range of 30% to 51%. Population structure and imputation simulation tests supported the applicability of one integrated reference panel for both northern and southern Chinese. In addition, a total of 22,504 loss-of-function variants in coding and noncoding genes were identified, including 11,493 novel variants. These results highlight the value of NyuWa genome resource to facilitate genetics research in Chinese and Asian populations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.10.376574</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NyuWa Genome Resource: Deep Whole Genome Sequencing Based Chinese Population Variation Profile and Reference Panel]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.18.388454v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Characterization of the first cultured free-living representative of Candidatus Izimaplasma uncovers its unique biology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.18.388454v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Candidatus Izimaplasma, an intermediate in the reductive evolution from Firmicutes to Mollicutes, was proposed to represent a novel class of free-living wall-less bacteria within the phylum Tenericutes found in deep-sea methane seeps. Unfortunately, the paucity of marine isolates currently available has limited further insights into their physiological and metabolic features as well as ecological roles. Here, we present a detailed description of the phenotypic traits, genomic data and central metabolisms tested in both laboratorial and deep-sea environments of the novel strain zrk13, which allows for the first time the reconstruction of the metabolic potential and lifestyle of a member of the tentatively defined Candidatus Izimaplasma. On the basis of the description of strain zrk13, the novel species and genus Xianfuyuplasma coldseepsis is proposed. Notably, DNA degradation driven by X. coldseepsis zrk13 was detected in both laboratorial and in situ conditions, strongly indicating it is indeed a key DNA degrader. Moreover, the putative genes determining degradation broadly distribute in the genomes of other Izimaplasma members. Given extracellular DNA is a particularly crucial phosphorus as well as nitrogen and carbon source for microorganisms in the seafloor, Izimaplasma bacteria are thought to be important contributors to the biogeochemical cycling in the deep ocean.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zheng, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>liu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.18.388454</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Characterization of the first cultured free-living representative of Candidatus Izimaplasma uncovers its unique biology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.01.407312v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rigorous anterograde trans-monosynaptic tracing of genetic defined neurons with retargeted HSV1 H129 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.01.407312v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuroanatomical tracing technology is fundamental for unraveling the complex network of brain connectome. Tracing tools that could spread between neurons are urgently needed, especially the rigorous trans-monosynaptic anterograde tracer is still lacking. HSV1 strain H129 was proved to be an anterograde tracer and has been used to trace neuronal networks in several reports. However, H129 has a serious defect that it was demonstrated to infect neurons via axon terminals. Thus, when using H129 to dissect output neural circuit, its terminal take up capacity should be carefully considered. Here, we report a recombinant H129 that carrying the anti-Her2 scFv in glycoprotein D to target genetically defined neurons. With the usage of helper virus complementarily expressing Her2 and gD, we can realize the elucidation of direct projection regions of either a given brain nucleus or a specific neuron type. The retargeted H129 system complements the current neural circuit tracer arsenal, which provides a rigorous and practical anterograde trans-monosynaptic tool.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>su, p.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>ying, m.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>xia, j.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>li, y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>wu, y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>wang, h.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>xu, f.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.01.407312</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rigorous anterograde trans-monosynaptic tracing of genetic defined neurons with retargeted HSV1 H129]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.13.403006v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Body site-specific and disease-specific virulome in the human microbiome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.13.403006v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human body habitats are home to a diverse array of microbes, and within these microbial ecosystems, there are exchanges of genetic material, including virulence factors (VFs). Little is known about the diversity and abundance of VFs in different body sites and different types of diseases. We developed a virulome analysis pipeline using the species-specific sequence identity inferred from intraspecies ANI values to precisely assign reads to virulence factors. We characterized the human virulome from four body habitats, including the gut, oral cavity, skin, and vagina. Specifically, the diversity and abundance of VFs in the oral cavity were significantly higher than those in other body sites, including stool. We highlight the importance of sex-specific analysis when studying the human virulome. We analyzed data from more than 4,000 samples across healthy and diseased subjects and 13 types of diseases from different metagenomic sequencing studies to characterize the disease-specific virulome. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) has a more diverse virulome than other diseases tested. Notably, many VFs, including genes for secretion systems and toxins, are more abundant in diseased subjects than in healthy controls. We present, to our knowledge, the most comprehensive healthy and diseased virulome dataset yet created.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, G. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.13.403006</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Body site-specific and disease-specific virulome in the human microbiome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.05.425403v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cultivation and characterization of a novel clade of deep-sea Chloroflexi: providing a glimpse of the phylum Chloroflexi involved in sulfur cycling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.05.425403v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chloroflexi bacteria are abundant and globally distributed in various unexplored biospheres on Earth. However, only few Chloroflexi members have been cultivated, hampering further understanding of this important group. In the current study, we firstly clarify the high abundance of the phylum Chloroflexi in deep-sea sediments via the operational taxonomic units analysis. We further successfully isolate a novel Chloroflexi strain ZRK33 from cold seep sediments by using an enrichment medium constantly supplemented with rifampicin. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene, genome, RpoB and EF-tu proteins indicate that strain ZRK33 represents a novel class, and the class is designated as Sulfochloroflexia because whole set of genes encoding key enzymes responsible for assimilatory sulfate reduction are identified in the genome of strain ZRK33. Indeed, assimilation of sulfate or thiosulfate by strain ZRK33 evidently benefits its growth and morphogenesis. Proteomic results suggest that metabolization of sulfate or thiosulfate significantly promotes the transport and degradation of various macromolecules and thereby stimulating the energy production. Notably, the putative genes associated with assimilatory and dissimilatory sulfate reduction ubiquitously distribute in the metagenome-assembled genomes of 27 Chloroflexi members derived from deep-sea sediments, strongly suggesting that Chloroflexi bacteria play undocumented key roles in deep-sea sulfur cycling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zheng, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>liu, r.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.05.425403</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cultivation and characterization of a novel clade of deep-sea Chloroflexi: providing a glimpse of the phylum Chloroflexi involved in sulfur cycling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.07.430097v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular and structural mechanisms of ZZ domain-mediated cargo recognition by autophagy receptor Nbr1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.07.430097v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In selective autophagy, cargo selectivity is determined by autophagy receptors. However, it remains scarcely understood how autophagy receptors recognize specific protein cargos. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, a selective autophagy pathway termed Nbr1-mediated vacuolar targeting (NVT) employs Nbr1, an autophagy receptor conserved across eukaryotes including humans, to target cytosolic hydrolases into the vacuole. Here, we identify two new NVT cargos, the mannosidase Ams1 and the aminopeptidase Ape4, that bind competitively to the first ZZ domain of Nbr1 (Nbr1-ZZ1). High-resolution cryo-EM analyses reveal how a single ZZ domain recognizes two distinct protein cargos. Nbr1-ZZ1 not only recognizes the N-termini of cargos via a conserved acidic pocket, similar to other characterized ZZ domains, but also engages additional parts of cargos in a cargo-specific manner. Our findings unveil a single-domain bispecific mechanism of autophagy cargo recognition, elucidate its underlying structural basis, and expand the understanding of ZZ domain-mediated protein-protein interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, M.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, L.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.07.430097</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular and structural mechanisms of ZZ domain-mediated cargo recognition by autophagy receptor Nbr1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.22.432231v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sulfur limitation increases duckweed starch accumulation without compromising growth 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.22.432231v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Duckweeds contain relatively high levels of starch and are a potential biomass feedstock for biofuel production. Here, the biomass and starch yield of duckweed under three different nutrient-limited conditions were analyzed to investigate possible ways of further increasing the efficiency of starch production. The results showed that sulfur limitation resulted in the highest starch yield, which was 42% and 73% higher than in nitrogen or phosphorus limitation, respectively. The high yield of sulfur-limited duckweed is largely due to the combinations of little effects on biomass and high accumulations of starch. Although nitrogen limitation led to higher starch content (67.4%), it severely reduced biomass production. The photosynthetic performance indicator Fv/Fm was a simple and sensitive indicator of starch content in nutrient-limited duckweed. Taken together, this study demonstrates that sulfur limitation is a simple and efficient way to increase starch yield, highlighting the great potential of duckweed for biofuel production. We report that sulfur limitation is a practical approach to increase starch yields in duckweed without affecting growth or biomass.

HighlightsO_LISulfur limitation induces starch production in a duckweed specie.
C_LIO_LINitrogen limitation triggers the highest starch content, but limits growth.
C_LIO_LISulfur limitation results in the highest starch yield.
C_LIO_LIFv/Fm is a rapid and robust proxy of starch content in nutrient-limited duckweed.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.22.432231</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sulfur limitation increases duckweed starch accumulation without compromising growth]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.22.432260v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Resurrection of human endogenous retroviruses during aging reinforces senescence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.22.432260v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Whether and how certain transposable elements with viral origins, such as endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) dormant in our genomes, can become awakened and contribute to the aging process are largely unknown. In human senescent cells, we found that HERVK (HML-2), the most recently integrated human ERVs, are unlocked to transcribe viral genes and produce retrovirus-like particles (RVLPs). These HERVK RVLPs constitute a transmissible message to elicit senescence phenotypes in young cells, which can be blocked by neutralizing antibodies. Activation of ERVs was also observed in organs of aged primates and mice, as well as in human tissues and serum from the elderly. Their repression alleviates cellular senescence and tissue degeneration and, to some extent, organismal aging. These findings indicate that the resurrection of ERVs is a hallmark and driving force of cellular senescence and tissue aging.

In briefLiu and colleagues uncover the ways in which de-repression of human endogenous retrovirus triggers cellular senescence and tissue aging; the findings provide fresh insights into therapeutic strategies for alleviating aging.

HighlightsO_LIDerepression of the endogenous retrovirus contributes to programmed aging
C_LIO_LIUpregulation of HERVK triggers the innate immune response and cellular senescence
C_LIO_LIExtracellular HERVK retrovirus-like particles induce senescence in young cells
C_LIO_LIEndogenous retrovirus serves as a potential target to alleviate agings
C_LI

Graphical abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=194 SRC="FIGDIR/small/432260v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (64K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@31d384org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@13594c0org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@b8e070org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@196e5be_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>liu, g.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.22.432260</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Resurrection of human endogenous retroviruses during aging reinforces senescence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.02.433076v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The dynamic interactive network of long non-coding RNAs and chromatin accessibility facilitates erythroid differentiation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.02.433076v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Erythroid differentiation is a dynamic process regulated by multiple factors, while the interaction between long non-coding RNAs and chromatin accessibility and its influence on erythroid differentiation remains unclear. To elucidate this interaction, we employed hematopoietic stem cells, multipotent progenitor cells, common myeloid progenitor cells, megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cells, and erythroblasts from human cord blood as an erythroid differentiation model to explore the coordinated regulatory functions of lncRNAs and chromatin accessibility in erythropoiesis by integrating RNA-Seq and ATAC-Seq data. We revealed that the integrated network of chromatin accessibility and LncRNAs exhibits stage-specific changes throughout the erythroid differentiation process, and that the changes at the EB stage of maturation are dramatic. We identified a subset of stage-specific lncRNAs and transcription factors (TFs) that coordinate with chromatin accessibility during erythroid differentiation, in which lncRNAs are key regulators of terminal erythroid differentiation via a lncRNA-TF-gene network. LncRNA PCED1B-AS1 was revealed to regulate terminal erythroid differentiation by coordinating GATA1 dynamically binding to the chromatin during erythroid differentiation. DANCR, another lncRNA that is highly expressed at the MEP stage, was verified to promote erythroid differentiation by compromising megakaryocyte differentiation and coordinating with chromatin accessibility and TFs, such as RUNX1. Overall, our results identified the interactive network of lncRNAs and chromatin accessibility in erythropoiesis and provide novel insights into erythroid differentiation and abundant resources for further study.

Key PointsO_LILncRNAs regulate erythroid differentiation through coordinating with chromatin accessibility.
C_LIO_LIThe integrative multi-omics analysis reveals stage-specific interaction network of LncRNAs and chromatin accessibility in erythropoiesis.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ren, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.02.433076</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The dynamic interactive network of long non-coding RNAs and chromatin accessibility facilitates erythroid differentiation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.08.434390v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of novel bat coronaviruses sheds light on the evolutionary origins of SARS-CoV-2 and related viruses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.08.434390v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although a variety of SARS-CoV-2 related coronaviruses have been identified, the evolutionary origins of this virus remain elusive. We describe a meta-transcriptomic study of 411 samples collected from 23 bat species in a small (~1100 hectare) region in Yunnan province, China, from May 2019 to November 2020. We identified coronavirus contigs in 40 of 100 sequencing libraries, including seven representing SARS-CoV-2-like contigs. From these data we obtained 24 full-length coronavirus genomes, including four novel SARS-CoV-2 related and three SARS-CoV related genomes. Of these viruses, RpYN06 exhibited 94.5% sequence identity to SARS-CoV-2 across the whole genome and was the closest relative of SARS-CoV-2 in the ORF1ab, ORF7a, ORF8, N, and ORF10 genes. The other three SARS-CoV-2 related coronaviruses were nearly identical in sequence and clustered closely with a virus previously identified in pangolins from Guangxi, China, although with a genetically distinct spike gene sequence. We also identified 17 alphacoronavirus genomes, including those closely related to swine acute diarrhea syndrome virus and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Ecological modeling predicted the co-existence of up to 23 Rhinolophus bat species in Southeast Asia and southern China, with the largest contiguous hotspots extending from South Lao and Vietnam to southern China. Our study highlights both the remarkable diversity of bat viruses at the local scale and that relatives of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV circulate in wildlife species in a broad geographic region of Southeast Asia and southern China. These data will help guide surveillance efforts to determine the origins of SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogenic coronaviruses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hughes, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holmes, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.08.434390</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of novel bat coronaviruses sheds light on the evolutionary origins of SARS-CoV-2 and related viruses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.10.434813v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Butyryl/Caproyl-CoA:Acetate CoA-Transferase: Cloning, Expression and Characterization of the Key Enzyme Involved in Medium-Chain Fatty Acid Biosynthesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.10.434813v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Coenzyme A transferases (CoATs) are important enzymes involved in carbon chain elongation contributing to medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) biosynthesis. For example, butyryl-CoA:acetate CoA transferase (BCoAT) is responsible for the final step of butyrate synthesis from butyryl-CoA. However, little is known about caproyl-CoA:acetate CoA-transferase (CCoAT), which is responsible for the final step of caproate synthesis from caproyl-CoA. In this study, two CoAT genes from Ruminococcaceae bacterium CPB6 and Clostridium tyrobutyricum BEY8 were identified by gene cloning and expression analysis. The enzyme assays and kinetic studies were carried out using butyryl-CoA or caproyl-CoA as the substrate. CPB6-CoAT can catalyze the conversion of both butyryl-CoA to butyrate and caproyl-CoA to caproate, but its catalytic efficiency with caproyl-CoA as the substrate was 3.8 times higher than that with butyryl-CoA. In contrast, BEY8-CoAT had only BCoAT activity, not CCoAT activity. This demonstrated the existence of a specific CCoAT involved in chain elongation via the reverse {beta}-oxidation pathway. Comparative bioinformatics analysis showed the presence of a highly conserved motif (GGQXDFXXGAXX) in CoATs, which is predicted to be the active center of CoATs. Single point mutations in the conserved motif of CPB6-CoAT (Asp346 and Ala351) led to marked decreases in the activity for butyryl-CoA and caproyl-CoA, indicating that the conserved motif is the active center of CPB6-CoAT, and sites Asp346 and Ala351 were critical residues that affect enzymatic activity. This work provides insight into the function of CCoAT in caproic acid biosynthesis and improves the understanding of the chain elongation pathway for MCFA production.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.10.434813</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Butyryl/Caproyl-CoA:Acetate CoA-Transferase: Cloning, Expression and Characterization of the Key Enzyme Involved in Medium-Chain Fatty Acid Biosynthesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.15.435394v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Insights into the drivers of radiating diversification in biodiversity hotspots using Saussurea (Asteraceae) as a case 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.15.435394v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
O_LIThe Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) encompasses areas with a remarkably high degree of biodiversity, harboring exceptional species-rich radiations. How these radiations formed by interacting with geology, climate and ecology remains seldom examined.
C_LIO_LIWe investigate the roles of abiotic (environmental) and biotic (species-intrinsic) factors in driving radiating diversification of Saussurea (Asteraceae) by deploying a number of time-dependent, paleoenvironment-dependent and trait-dependent models, as well as ecological distribution data.
C_LIO_LIWe show that three main clades of Saussurea begin to diversify in the Miocene almost simultaneously, with increasing diversification rates toward the present and negative dependence to paleotemperature. Acceleration in diversification rates are correlated with adaptive traits, as well climate lability, niche breadth and species range.
C_LIO_LIWe conclude that fluctuation of paleoclimate along with complex QTP environments provided opportunities for increased diversification rates of Saussurea with diverse adaptive traits, highlighting the importance of combinations of clade-specific traits and ecological niches in driving rapid radiation.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landis, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiamiyu, B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.15.435394</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Insights into the drivers of radiating diversification in biodiversity hotspots using Saussurea (Asteraceae) as a case]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.16.435614v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure of SOQ1 lumenal domains identifies potential disulfide exchange for negative regulation of photoprotection, qH 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.16.435614v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) plays an important role for phototrophs in decreasing photo-oxidative damage. qH is a sustained component of NPQ and depends on the plastid lipocalin (LCNP). A thylakoid membrane-anchored protein SUPPRESSOR OF QUENCHING1 (SOQ1) prevents qH formation by inhibiting LCNP. SOQ1 suppresses qH with its lumen-located C-terminal Trx-like and NHL domains. Here we report crystal structures and biochemical characterization of SOQ1 lumenal domains. Our results show that the Trx-like and NHL domains are stably associated, with the potential redox-active motif located at their interface. Residue E859 essential for SOQ1 function is pivotal for mediating the inter-domain interaction. Moreover, the C-terminal region of SOQ1 forms an independent {beta}-stranded domain, which possibly interacts with the Trx-like domain through disulfide exchange. Furthermore, SOQ1 is susceptible to cleavage at the loops connecting the neighboring domains both in vitro and in vivo, which could be a regulatory process for its suppression function of qH.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malnoe, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.16.435614</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure of SOQ1 lumenal domains identifies potential disulfide exchange for negative regulation of photoprotection, qH]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.23.436689v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A deep-sea sulfate reducing bacterium directs the formation of zero-valent sulfur via sulfide oxidation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.23.436689v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Zero-valent sulfur (ZVS) is a critical intermediate in the biogeochemical sulfur cycle. Up to date, sulfur oxidizing bacteria have been demonstrated to dominate the formation of ZVS. In contrast, formation of ZVS mediated by sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) has been rarely reported. Here, we report for the first time that a typical sulfate reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio marinus CS1 directs the formation of ZVS via sulfide oxidation. In combination with proteomic analysis and protein activity assays, thiosulfate reductase (PhsA) and sulfide: quinone oxidoreductase (SQR) were demonstrated to play key roles in driving ZVS formation. In this process, PhsA catalyzed thiosulfate to form sulfide, which was then oxidized by SQR to form ZVS. Consistently, the expressions of PhsA and SQR were significantly up-regulated in strain CS1 when cultured in the deep-sea cold seep, strongly indicating strain CS1 might form ZVS in its real inhabiting niches. Notably, homologs of phsA and sqr widely distributed in the metagenomes of deep-sea SRB. Given the high abundance of SRB in cold seeps, it is reasonable to propose that SRB might greatly contribute to the formation of ZVS in the deep-sea environments. Our findings add a new aspect to the current understanding of the source of ZVS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.23.436689</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A deep-sea sulfate reducing bacterium directs the formation of zero-valent sulfur via sulfide oxidation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.31.437884v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Chromosome-level Assembly of a Wild Castor Genome Provides New Insights into the Adaptive Evolution in a Tropical Desert 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.31.437884v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Wild castor grows in the high-altitude tropical desert of the African Plateau, a region known for high ultraviolet radiations, strong lights and extremely dry conditions. To investigate the potential genetic basis of adaptation to both highland and tropical deserts, we generated a chromosome-level genome sequence of the wild castor accession WT05, with genome size of 316 Mb and scaffold and contig N50 sizes of 31.93 Mb and 8.96 Mb, respectively. Compared with cultivated castor and other Euphorbiaceae species, the wild castor exhibits positive selection and gene family expansion for genes involved in DNA repair, photosynthesis and abiotic stress responses. Genetic variations associated with positive selection were identified in several key genes, such as LIG1, DDB2, and RECG1, involved in nucleotide excision repair. Moreover, a study of genomic diversity among wild and cultivated accessions revealed genomic regions containing selection signatures associated with the adaptation to extreme environments. The identification of the genes and alleles with selection signatures provides insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying the adaptation of wild castor to the high-altitude tropical desert and would facilitate direct improvement of modern castor varieties.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.31.437884</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Chromosome-level Assembly of a Wild Castor Genome Provides New Insights into the Adaptive Evolution in a Tropical Desert]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.04.438394v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PRMT5 regulates ovarian follicle development by facilitating Wt1 translation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.04.438394v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (Prmt5) is the major type II enzyme responsible for symmetric dimethylation of arginine. Here, we found PRMT5 was expressed at high level in ovarian granulosa cells of growing follicles. Inactivation of Prmt5 in granulosa cells resulted in aberrant follicle development and female infertility. In Prmt5-knockout mice, follicle development was arrested with disorganized granulosa cells in which WT1 expression was dramatically reduced and the expression of steroidogenesis-related genes was significantly increased. The premature differentiated granulosa cells were detached from oocytes and follicle structure was disrupted. Mechanism studies revealed that Wt1 expression was regulated by PRMT5 at the protein level. PRMT5 facilitated IRES-dependent translation of Wt1 mRNA by methylating HnRNPA1. Moreover, the upregulation of steroidogenic genes in Prmt5-deficient granulosa cells was repressed by Wt1 overexpression. These results demonstrate PRMT5 participates in granulosa cell lineage maintenance by inducing Wt1 expression. Our study uncovers a new role of post-translational arginine methylation in granulosa cell differentiation and follicle development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.04.438394</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PRMT5 regulates ovarian follicle development by facilitating Wt1 translation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.20.440715v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Surrogate production of genome edited sperm from a different subfamily by spermatogonial stem cell transplantation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.20.440715v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The surrogate reproduction technique provides a powerful tool for production of allogenic or xenogeneic gametes derived from endangered species or those with valuable genetic traits. Production of functional donor-derived gametes through intra- or inter-specific spermatogonial stem cell transplantation (SSCT) has been achieved in many species. However, generation of functional gametes from a phylogenetically distant species such as from a different subfamily by SSCT has never been successful. Here, using two small cyprinid fishes, Chinese rare minnow (gobiocypris rarus, for brief: Gr) and zebrafish (danio rerio), which belong to different subfamilies, as donors and recipients for SSCT, we optimized the SSCT technique and successfully obtained Gr-derived sperm carrying targeted genome modifications in zebrafish. We revealed that the transplanted Gr spermatogonia supported the host gonadal development and underwent normal spermatogenesis, resulting in a reconstructed fertile testis containing Gr spermatids and zebrafish testicular somatic cells. Interestingly, the surrogate spermatozoa resembled those of host zebrafish but not donor Gr in morphology and swimming behavior. Finally, we showed that Gr-derived genome edited sperm was successfully produced in zebrafish by cross-subfamily SSCT, when the pou5f3 and chd gene knockout Gr SSCs were used as surrogate donors. This is the first report demonstrating the surrogate production of genome edited sperm from a phylogenetically distant species, and this method is feasible to be applied to future breeding of commercial fishes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.20.440715</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Surrogate production of genome edited sperm from a different subfamily by spermatogonial stem cell transplantation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.27.441692v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptomic encoding of sensorimotor transformation in the midbrain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.27.441692v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sensorimotor transformation, a process that converts sensory stimuli into motor actions, is critical for the brain to initiate behaviors. Although the circuitry involved in sensorimotor transformation has been well delineated, the molecular logic behind this process remains poorly understood. Here, we performed high-throughput and circuit-specific single-cell transcriptomic analyses of neurons in the superior colliculus (SC), a midbrain structure implicated in early sensorimotor transformation. We found that SC neurons in distinct laminae express discrete marker genes. Of particular interest, Cbln2 and Pitx2 are key markers that define glutamatergic projection neurons in the optic nerve (Op) and intermediate gray (InG) layers, respectively. The Cbln2+ neurons responded to visual stimuli mimicking cruising predators, while the Pitx2+ neurons encoded prey-derived vibrissal tactile cues. By forming distinct input and output connections with other brain areas, these neuronal subtypes independently mediate behaviors of predator avoidance and prey capture. Our results reveal that, in the midbrain, sensorimotor transformation for different behaviors may be performed by separate circuit modules that are molecularly defined by distinct transcriptomic codes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xie, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ran, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pei, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.27.441692</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptomic encoding of sensorimotor transformation in the midbrain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.10.443396v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Noise-Transfer2Clean: Denoising cryo-EM images based on noise modeling and transfer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.10.443396v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationCryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is a widely-used technology for ultrastructure determination, which constructs the three-dimensional (3D) structures of protein and macromolecular complex from a set of two-dimensional (2D) micrographs. However, limited by the electron beam dose, the micrographs in cryo-EM generally suffer from extremely low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which hampers the efficiency and effectiveness of downstream analysis. Especially, the noise in cryo-EM is not simple additive or multiplicative noise whose statistical characteristics are quite different from the ones in natural image, extremely shackling the performance of conventional denoising methods.

ResultsHere, we introduce the Noise-Transfer2Clean (NT2C), a denoising deep neural network (DNN) for cryo-EM to enhance image contrast and restore specimen signal, whose main idea is to improve the denoising performance by correctly discovering the noise model of cryo-EM images and transferring the statistical nature of noise into the denoiser. Especially, to cope with the complex noise model in cryo-EM, we design a contrast-guided noise and signal re-weighted algorithm to achieve clean-noisy data synthesis and data augmentation, making our method authentically achieve signal restoration based on noises true properties. To our knowledge, NT2C is the first denoising method that resolves the complex noise model in cryo-EM images. Comprehensive experimental results on simulated datasets and real datasets show that NT2C achieved a notable improvement in image denoising and specimen signal restoration, comparing with the state-of-art methods. A real-world case study shows that NT2C can improve the recognition rate on hard-to-identify particles by 19% in the particle picking task.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.10.443396</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Noise-Transfer2Clean: Denoising cryo-EM images based on noise modeling and transfer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.13.443962v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The First High-Quality Reference Genome of Sika Deer Provides Insights for High-Tannin Adaptation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.13.443962v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sika deer are known to prefer oak leaves, which are rich in tannins and toxic to most mammals; however, the genetic mechanisms underlying their unique ability to adapt to living in the jungle are still unclear. In identifying the mechanism responsible for the tolerance of a highly toxic diet, we have made a major advancement in the elucidation of the genomics of sika deer. We generated the first high-quality, chromosome-level genome assembly of sika deer and measured the correlation between tannin intake and RNA expression in 15 tissues through 180 experiments. Comparative genome analyses showed that the UGT and CYP gene families are functionally involved in the adaptation of sika deer to high-tannin food, especially the expansion of UGT genes in a subfamily. The first chromosome-level assembly and genetic characterization of the tolerance toa highly toxic diet suggest that the sika deer genome will serve as an essential resource for understanding evolutionary events and tannin adaptation. Our study provides a paradigm of comparative expressive genomics that can be applied to the study of unique biological features in non-model animals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xing, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ai, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LI, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rong, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ju, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yue, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.13.443962</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The First High-Quality Reference Genome of Sika Deer Provides Insights for High-Tannin Adaptation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.14.444131v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A multiple-causal-gene-cluster model underlying GWAS signals of Alzheimer's disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.14.444131v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified dozens of genetic susceptibility loci for Alzheimers disease (AD). Nevertheless, the underlying causal variants and biological mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we systematically integrated AD GWAS with comprehensive multi-omics data, and distilled 304 potentially functional variants and 166 causal genes from 49 loci. Intriguingly, we found that most of AD GWAS loci contain multiple functional variants and causal genes. In vitro assays showed that one functional variant regulated multiple genes in the 11p11.2 locus (the CELF1/SPI1 locus) and alteration of these target genes contributed to AD-related molecular processes, supporting the co-existence of multiple functional variants and AD-relevant causal genes within a single locus. We thus proposed a multiple-causal-gene-cluster model that co-dysregulation of a cluster of genes within a single GWAS loci individually or synergistically contribute to AD development. This model provides a novel insight into the biological mechanisms underlying the GWAS loci of complex traits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, X.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, D.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, Y.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.14.444131</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A multiple-causal-gene-cluster model underlying GWAS signals of Alzheimer's disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.21.445091v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of a novel lineage bat SARS-related coronaviruses that use bat ACE2 receptor 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.21.445091v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Severe respiratory disease coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the most devastating disease, COVID-19, of the recent century. One of the unsolved scientific questions around SARS-CoV-2 is the animal origin of this virus. Bats and pangolins are recognized as the most probable reservoir hosts that harbor the highly similar SARS-CoV-2 related viruses (SARSr-CoV-2). Here, we report the identification of a novel lineage of SARSr-CoVs, including RaTG15 and seven other viruses, from bats at the same location where we found RaTG13 in 2015. Although RaTG15 and the related viruses share 97.2% amino acid sequence identities to SARS-CoV-2 in the conserved ORF1b region, but only show less than 77.6% to all known SARSr-CoVs in genome level, thus forms a distinct lineage in the Sarbecovirus phylogenetic tree. We then found that RaTG15 receptor binding domain (RBD) can bind to and use Rhinolophus affinis bat ACE2 (RaACE2) but not human ACE2 as entry receptor, although which contains a short deletion and has different key residues responsible for ACE2 binding. In addition, we show that none of the known viruses in bat SARSr-CoV-2 lineage or the novel lineage discovered so far use human ACE2 efficiently compared to SARSr-CoV-2 from pangolin or some of the SARSr-CoV-1 lineage viruses. Collectively, we suggest more systematic and longitudinal work in bats to prevent future spillover events caused by SARSr-CoVs or to better understand the origin of SARS-CoV-2.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Si, H.-r.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geng, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, H.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.21.445091</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of a novel lineage bat SARS-related coronaviruses that use bat ACE2 receptor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.25.445704v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell RNA-sequencing reveals thoracolumbar vertebra heterogeneity and rib-genesis in pigs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.25.445704v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Thoracolumbar vertebra (TLV) and rib primordium (RP) development is a common evolutionary feature across vertebrates although whole-organism analysis of TLV and RP gene expression dynamics has been lacking. Here we investigated the single-cell transcriptomic landscape of thoracic vertebra (TV), lumbar vertebra (LV), and RP cells from a pig embryo at 27 days post-fertilization (dpf) and identified six cell types with distinct gene-expression signatures. In-depth dissection of the gene-expression dynamics and RNA velocity revealed a coupled process of osteogenesis and angiogenesis during TLV and rib development. Further analysis of cell-type-specific and strand-specific expression uncovered the extremely high levels of HOXA10 3-UTR sequence specific to osteoblast of LV cells, which may function as anti-HOXA10-antisense by counteracting the HOXA10-antisense effect to determine TLV transition. Thus, this work provides a valuable resource for understanding embryonic osteogenesis and angiogenesis underlying vertebrate TLV and RP development at the cell-type-specific resolution, which serves as a comprehensive view on the transcriptional profile of animal embryo development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adeola, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irwin, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hai, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.-p.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.25.445704</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell RNA-sequencing reveals thoracolumbar vertebra heterogeneity and rib-genesis in pigs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.15.452504v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neutralization of recombinant RBD-subunit vaccine ZF2001-elicited antisera to SARS-CoV-2 variants including Delta 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.15.452504v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 variants brought new waves of infection worldwide. In particular, Delta variant (B.1.617.2 lineage) has become predominant in many countries. These variants raised the concern for their potential immune escape to the currently approved vaccines. ZF2001 is a subunit vaccine received emergency use authorization (EUA) in both China and Uzbekistan, with more than 100-million doses administrated with a three-dose regimen. The tandem-repeat dimer of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) was used as the antigen. In this work, we evaluated the neutralization of ZF2001-elicited antisera to SARS-CoV-2 variants including all four variants of concern (Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta) and other three variants of interest (Epsilon, Eta and Kappa) by pseudovirus-based assay. We found antisera preserved majority of the neutralizing activity against these variants. E484K/Q substitution is the key mutation to reduce the RBD-elicited sera neutralization. Moreover, ZF2001-elicited sera with a prolonged intervals between the second and third dose enhanced the neutralizing titers and resilience to SARS-CoV-2 variants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, G. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.15.452504</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neutralization of recombinant RBD-subunit vaccine ZF2001-elicited antisera to SARS-CoV-2 variants including Delta]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.17.452774v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamic surveillance of mosquitoes and their viromes in Wuhan during 2020. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.17.452774v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mosquitoes are medically important arthropod vectors and harbor a great variety of viruses. The population density, species and virome of mosquitoes varies according to geography and climate. To investigate the dynamic changes in the species composition and diversity of mosquitoes and their viromes in Wuhan, China, a total of 2,345 adult mosquitoes collected from different habitats including an urban residential area, two hospitals, a scenic area, and a pig farm in a rural region from April to October 2020 were subjected to morphological identification, RT-qPCR and metagenomic sequencing. The results indicated that the dominant presence of Culex mosquitoes was observed in both urban regions (90.32%, 1538/1703) and the pig farm (54.98%, 353/642). Viromes of Culex showed dynamic changes during the collection time. Several viruses, such as Culex flavivirus, Alphamesonivirus 1, Hubei mosquito virus 2 and Hubei mosquito virus 4, had seasonal changes and unimodal increases or declines. Other viruses, such as Wuhan mosquito virus 6, Hubei virga-like virus 2 and Zhejiang mosquito virus 3, were stable in all collected Culex and should be potential members of "core viromes". This study improves the understanding of the dynamic composition of mosquitoes and the viromes they carry and provides useful information for informing mosquito control and mosquito-borne disease prevention strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ren, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.17.452774</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamic surveillance of mosquitoes and their viromes in Wuhan during 2020.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.03.455002v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Opposite effects of nutrient enrichment and herbivory by an alien snail on growth of an invasive macrophyte and native macrophytes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.03.455002v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human-mediated introduction of plant and animal species into biogeographic ranges where they did not occur before has been so pervasive globally that many ecosystems are now co-invaded by multiple alien plant and animal species. Although empirical evidence of invaders modifying recipient ecosystems to the benefit of other aliens is accumulating, these interactions remain underexplored and underrepresented in heuristic models of invasion success. Many freshwater ecosystems are co-invaded by aquatic macrophytes and mollusks and at the same time experience nutrient enrichment from various sources. However, studies are lacking that test how nutrient enrichment and co-invasion by alien herbivores and plant species can interactively affect native plant communities in aquatic habitats. To test such effects, we performed a freshwater mesocosm experiment in which we grew a synthetic native macrophyte community of three species under two levels of nutrient enrichment (enrichment vs. no-enrichment) treatment and fully crossed with two levels of competition from an invasive macrophyte Myriophyllum aquaticum (competition vs. no-competition), and two levels of herbivory by an invasive snail Pomacea canaliculata (herbivory vs. no-herbivory) treatments. Results show that herbivory by the invasive snail enhanced above-ground biomass yield of the invasive macrophyte. Moreover, the invasive herbivore preferentially fed on biomass of the native macrophytes over that of the invasive macrophyte. However, nutrient enrichment reduced above-ground biomass yield of the invasive macrophyte. Our results suggest that eutrophication of aquatic habitats that are already invaded by M. aquaticum may slow down invasive spread of the invasive macrophyte. However, herbivory by the invasive snail P. canaliculata may enhance invasive spread of M. aquaticum in the same habitats. Broadly, our study underscores the significance of considering several factors and their interaction when assessing the impact of invasive species, especially considering that many habitats experience co-invasion by plants and herbivores and simultaneously undergo varous other disturbances including nutrient enrichment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oduor, A. M. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.03.455002</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Opposite effects of nutrient enrichment and herbivory by an alien snail on growth of an invasive macrophyte and native macrophytes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.21.457240v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deciphering spatial domains from spatially resolved transcriptomics with adaptive graph attention auto-encoder 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.21.457240v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent advances in spatially resolved transcriptomics have enabled comprehensive measurements of gene expression patterns while retaining the spatial context of the tissue microenvironment. Deciphering the spatial context of spots in a tissue needs to use their spatial information carefully. To this end, we developed a graph attention auto-encoder framework STAGATE to accurately identify spatial domains by learning low-dimensional latent embeddings via integrating spatial information and gene expression profiles. To better characterize the spatial similarity at the boundary of spatial domains, STAGATE adopts an attention mechanism to adaptively learn the similarity of neighboring spots, and an optional cell type-aware module through integrating the pre-clustering of gene expressions. We validated STAGATE on diverse spatial transcriptomics datasets generated by different platforms with different spatial resolutions. STAGATE could substantially improve the identification accuracy of spatial domains, and denoise the data while preserving spatial expression patterns. Importantly, STAGATE could be extended to multiple consecutive sections to reduce batch effects between sections and extracting three-dimensional (3D) expression domains from the reconstructed 3D tissue effectively.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dong, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.21.457240</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deciphering spatial domains from spatially resolved transcriptomics with adaptive graph attention auto-encoder]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.24.457583v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A universal microfluidic approach for quantitative study of bacterial biofilms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.24.457583v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacteria usually live in densely packed communities called biofilms, where interactions between the bacteria give rise to complex properties. Quantitative analysis is indispensable in understanding those properties. However, current biofilm culturing approaches impose various limitations to these types of analysis. Here, we developed a microfluidic approach for quantitative study of biofilms, which is universal and can be used to culture biofilms of various bacterial species. To demonstrate the advantages of this approach, we present two examples, both of which revealed new biological insights. In the first example, we explored the response of Escherichia coli biofilms to exogenous hydrogen peroxide; We found the biofilms gained resistance to H2O2, but their growth was slowed down due to the metabolic cost of maintaining the resistance; However, under oxygen limitation, H2O2 can anti-intuitively boost biofilm growth. In the second example, we explored resource retention by Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms; We observed a fluorescent substance within the biofilm and identified it as the siderophore pyoverdine; We further showed that the extracellular matrix component Psl acted as a retention barrier for pyoverdine, minimizing its loss into the environment and therefore potentially promoting sharing of pyoverdine within the biofilm.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.24.457583</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A universal microfluidic approach for quantitative study of bacterial biofilms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.09.459598v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular basis for the R-type anion channel QUAC1 activity in guard cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.09.459598v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The rapid (R)-type anion channel plays a central role in controlling stomatal closure in plant guard cells, thus regulating the exchange of water and photosynthetic gas (CO2) in response to environmental stimuli. The activity of the R- type anion channel is regulated by malate. However, the molecular basis of the R-type anion channel activity remains elusive. Here, we describe the first cryo-EM structure of the R-type anion channel QUAC1 at 3.5 [A] resolution in the presence of malate. The structure reveals that the QUAC1 is a symmetrical dimer, forming a single electropositive T-shaped pore for passing anions across the membrane. The transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains are assembled into a twisted bi-layer architecture, with the associated dimeric interfaces nearly perpendicular. Our structural and functional analyses reveal that QUAC1 functions as an inward rectifying anion channel and suggests a mechanism for malate-mediated channel activation. Altogether, our study uncovers the molecular basis for a novel class of anion channels and provides insights into the gating and modulation of the R-type anion channel.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, L.-h.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.-s.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.-h.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.-r.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.-l.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.-h.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhai, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-h.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.09.459598</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular basis for the R-type anion channel QUAC1 activity in guard cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.25.461766v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deactivation of SARS-CoV-2 surrogate porcine epidemic diarrhea virus with electron beam irradiation under the cold chain transportation condition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.25.461766v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has prevailed all over the world and emerged as a significant public health emergency. The rapid outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 is largely due to its high transmission capacity. Studies implied that the cold chain logistics would be a potential route for the spread of SARS-CoV-2. The low temperature condition of the cold chain is conducive to survival and transmission of virus. Thus, the virus disinfection in cold chain should not be neglected for controlling COVID-19. However, due to the low temperature feature of the cold-chain, the virus disinfecting methods suitable in cold chain are limited. Here the high-energy electron beam irradiation is proposed to disinfect the SARS-CoV-2 in cold chain logistics. We evaluated the impact of high-energy electron beam irradiation on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), an enveloped virus surrogate for SARS-CoV-2, and explored the possible mechanism of the action of high-energy electron beam irradiation on PEDV. The irradiation dose of 10 kGy inactivated 98.1 % PEDV on the both top and bottom surfaces of various packaging materials under cold chain frozen condition. High-energy electron beam inactivated PEDV by inducing damages on viral genome or even capsid.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Y. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.25.461766</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deactivation of SARS-CoV-2 surrogate porcine epidemic diarrhea virus with electron beam irradiation under the cold chain transportation condition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.25.461790v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cross-species cell-type assignment of single-cell RNA-seq by a heterogeneous graph neural network 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.25.461790v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cross-species comparative analyses of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data allow us to explore, at single-cell resolution, the origins of cellular diversity and the evolutionary mechanisms that shape cellular form and function. Here, we aimed to utilize a heterogeneous graph neural network to learn aligned and interpretable cell and gene embeddings for cross-species cell type assignment and gene module extraction (CAME) from scRNA-seq data. A systematic evaluation study on 649 pairs of cross-species datasets showed that CAME outperformed six benchmarking methods in terms of cell-type assignment and model robustness to insufficiency and inconsistency of sequencing depths. Comparative analyses of the major types of human and mouse brains by CAME revealed shared cell type-specific functions in homologous gene modules. Alignment of the trajectories of human and macaque spermatogenesis by CAME revealed conservative gene expression dynamics during spermatogenesis between humans and macaques. Owing to the utilization of non-one-to-one homologous gene mappings, CAME made a significant improvement on cell-type characterization cross zebrafish and other species. Overall, CAME can not only make an effective cross-species assignment of cell types on scRNA-seq data but also reveal evolutionary conservative and divergent features between species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.25.461790</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cross-species cell-type assignment of single-cell RNA-seq by a heterogeneous graph neural network]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.28.462268v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A genetic bottleneck of mitochondrial DNA during human lymphocyte development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.28.462268v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitochondria are essential organelles in eukaryotic cells that provide critical support for energetic and metabolic homeostasis. Mutations that accumulate in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in somatic cells have been implicated in cancer, degenerative diseases, and the aging process. However, the mechanisms used by somatic cells to maintain proper functions despite their mtDNA mutation load are poorly understood. Here, we analyzed somatic mtDNA mutations in more than 30,000 human single peripheral and bone marrow mononuclear cells and observed a significant overrepresentation of homoplastic mtDNA mutations in B, T and NK lymphocytes despite their lower mutational burden than other hematopoietic cells. The characteristic mutational landscape of mtDNA in lymphocytes were validated with data from multiple platforms and individuals. Single-cell RNA-seq and computational modeling demonstrated a stringent mitochondrial bottleneck during lymphocyte development likely caused by lagging mtDNA replication relative to cell proliferation. These results illuminate a potential mechanism used by highly metabolically active immune cells for quality control of their mitochondrial genomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.28.462268</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A genetic bottleneck of mitochondrial DNA during human lymphocyte development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.07.463522v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Drought stress delays photosynthetic induction and accelerates photoinhibition of photosystem I under fluctuating light 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.07.463522v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fluctuating light (FL) and drought stress usually occur concomitantly. However, whether drought stress affects photosynthetic performance under FL remains unknown. Here, we measured gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, and P700 redox state under FL in drought-stressed tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings. Drought stress significantly affected stomatal opening and mesophyll conductance after transition from low to high light and thus delayed photosynthetic induction under FL. Therefore, drought stress exacerbated the loss of carbon gain under FL. Furthermore, restriction of CO2 fixation under drought stress aggravated the over-reduction of photosystem I (PSI) upon transition from low to high light. The resulting stronger FL-induced PSI photoinhibition significantly supressed linear electron flow and PSI photoprotection. These results indicated that drought stress not only affected gas exchange under FL but also accelerated FL-induced photoinhibition of PSI. Furthermore, drought stress enhanced relative cyclic electron flow in FL, which partially compensated for restricted CO2 fixation and thus favored PSI photoprotection under FL. Therefore, drought stress has large effects on photosynthetic dark and light reactions under FL.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, N.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.07.463522</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Drought stress delays photosynthetic induction and accelerates photoinhibition of photosystem I under fluctuating light]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.20.465214v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus and parthenogenetic Asian longhorned tick Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.20.465214v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is spreading rapidly in Asia. It is transmitted by Haemaphysalis longicornis (Asian longhorned tick, ALT), which has both parthenogenetically and sexually reproducing populations. Parthenogenetic populations were found in at least 15 provinces in China and strongly correlated with the distribution of SFTS. The distribution of SFTS cases was however poorly correlated with the distribution of populations of bisexual ALTs. Phylogeographic analysis suggested that the parthenogenetic population spread much faster than bisexual population because colonization is independent of sexual reproduction. A higher proportion of parthenogenetic ALTs were collected from migratory birds captured at an SFTS endemic area, implicating the contribution to the long-range movement of ALTs in China. The SFTSV susceptibility of parthenogenetic females was like that of bisexual females under laboratory conditions. These results suggest that parthenogenetic ALT, probably transported by migratory birds, play a major role in the rapid spread of SFTSV.

Article Summary LineThe parthenogenetic population of Asian longhorned tick is broadly distributed in China and plays a major role in the long-distance spread of SFTSV and perhaps future invasion of countries outside of Asia.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zheng, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhan, X. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawrence, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, H. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanuka, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanaka, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jenkins, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gedye, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandra, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Price, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, Y. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.20.465214</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus and parthenogenetic Asian longhorned tick Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.01.466840v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Base-resolution prediction of transcription factor binding signals by a deep learning framework 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.01.466840v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcription factors (TFs) play an important role in regulating gene expression, thus the identification of the sites bound by them has become a fundamental step for molecular and cellular biology. In this paper, we developed a deep learning framework leveraging existing fully convolutional neural networks (FCN) to predict TF-DNA binding signals at the base-resolution level, called FCNsignal. The proposed FCNsignal can simultaneously achieve the following tasks: (i) modeling the base-resolution signals of binding regions; (ii) discriminating binding or non-binding regions; (iii) locating TF-DNA binding regions; (iv) predicting binding motifs. The experimental results on 53 TF ChIP-seq datasets and 6 chromatin accessibility ATAC-seq datasets show that our proposed framework outperforms some existing state-of-the-art methods. In addition, we explored to use the trained FCNsignal to locate all potential TF-DNA binding regions on a whole chromosome and predict DNA sequences of arbitrary length, and the results show that our framework can find most of the known binding regions and accept sequences of arbitrary length. Furthermore, we demonstrated the potential ability of our framework in discovering causal disease-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) through a series of experiments.

Author summaryIdentification of transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) is fundamental to study gene regulatory networks in biological systems, as TFs activate or suppress the transcription of genes by binding to specific TFBSs. With the development of high-throughput sequencing technologies and deep learning (DL), several DL-based approaches have been developed for systematically studying TFBSs, achieving impressive performance. Nevertheless, these methods either excessively focus on discriminating binding or non-binding sequences or individually accomplish multiple TFBSs-associated tasks. In this work, we provide an integrated framework, which utilizes the FCN architecture to predict TF-DNA binding signals at the base-resolution level, to simultaneously study multiple TFBSs-associated tasks. More importantly, we also demonstrate that our proposed framework has the ability to locate all potential TF-DNA binding regions from DNA sequences of arbitrary length. We hope that our framework can provide a new perspective on studying the mechanism of TF-DNA binding and its related tasks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, D.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.01.466840</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Base-resolution prediction of transcription factor binding signals by a deep learning framework]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.10.468004v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Determining the architecture of nuclear ring of Xenopus laevis nuclear pore complex using integrated approaches 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.10.468004v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are large protein assemblies as a physical gate to regulate nucleocytoplasmic transport. Here, using integrated approaches including cryo-electron microscopy, hybrid homology modeling and cell experiment, we determined the architecture of the nuclear ring (NR) from Xenopus laevis oocytes NPC at subnanometer resolution. In addition to the improvement of the Y complex model, eight copies of Nup205 and ELYS were assigned in NR. Nup205 connects the inner and outer Y complexes and contributes to the assembly and stability of the NR. By interacting with both the inner Nup160 and the nuclear envelope (NE), the N-terminal {beta}-propeller and -solenoid domains of ELYS were found to be essential for accurate assembly of the NPC on the NE.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ren, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.10.468004</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Determining the architecture of nuclear ring of Xenopus laevis nuclear pore complex using integrated approaches]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.17.468922v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrative Omics Analysis Reveals the Immunomodulatory Effects of the Parasitic Dinoflagellate Hematodinium on Crustacean Immunity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.17.468922v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Parasitic dinoflagellates in genus Hematodinium have caused substantial economic losses to multiple commercially valuable marine crustaceans around the world. In the present study, comprehensive omics approaches (miRNA transcriptomics, iTRAQ-based proteomics) were applied to investigate the host-parasite interaction between hemocytes from Portunus trituberculatus and Hematodinium perezi. The parasitic dinoflagellate remodeled the miRNome and proteome of hemocytes from challenged hosts, modulated the host immune response at both post-transcriptional and translational levels and caused post-transcriptional regulation to the host immune response. Multiple important cellular and humoral immune-related pathways (ex. Apoptosis, Endocytosis, ECM-receptor interaction, proPO activation pathway, Toll- like signaling pathway, Jak-STAT signaling pathway) were significantly affected by Hematodinium parasites. Through modulation of the host miRNome, the host immune responses of nodulation, proPO activation and antimicrobial peptides were significantly suppressed. Cellular homeostasis was imbalanced via post-transcriptional dysregulation of the phagosome, peroxisome, and lysosome pathways. Cellular structure and communication was seriously impacted by post-transcriptional downregulation of ECM-receptor interaction and focal adhesion pathways.

Author summaryThe parasitic dinoflagellate Hematodinium infects many economically important marine crustaceans. Recent efforts to better understand the life cycle and biology of the parasite have improved our understanding of the disease ecology. However, studies on the host-parasite interaction, especially how Hematodinium parasites evade the host immune response are lacking. To address this shortfall, we used miRNA transcriptomics and iTRAQ-based proteomic approaches to explore the immune responses of Portunus trituberculatus when challenged with Hematodinium perezi. Striking changes in the miRNome and proteome of hemocytes were observed, and the parasite exhibited multifaceted immunomodulatory effects and potential immune-evasion mechanisms in this crustacean host.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lv, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Small, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.17.468922</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrative Omics Analysis Reveals the Immunomodulatory Effects of the Parasitic Dinoflagellate Hematodinium on Crustacean Immunity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.02.471038v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell free extrachromosomal circular DNA is common in human urine 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.02.471038v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell free extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) is evolving as a potential biomarker in liquid biopsies for disease diagnosis. In this study, an optimized next generation sequencing-based Circle-Seq method was developed to investigate urinary cell free eccDNA (ucf-eccDNA) from 28 adult healthy volunteers (mean age = 28, 19 males/ 9 females). The genomic distributions and sequence compositions of ucf-eccDNAs were comprehensively characterized. Approximately 1.2 million unique ucf-eccDNAs are identified, covering 14.9% of the human genome. Comprehensive characterization of ucf-eccDNAs show that ucf-eccDNAs contain higher GC content than flanking genomic regions. Most eccDNAs are less than 1000 bp and present four pronounced peaks at 203, 361, 550 and 728 bp, indicating the association between eccDNAs and the numbers of intact nucleosomes. Analysis of genomic distribution of ucf-eccDNAs show that eccDNAs are found in all chromosomes but enriched in chromosomes i.e. chr.17, 19 and 20 with high density of protein-codding genes, CpG islands, SINE and simple repeat elements. Lastly, analysis of sequence motif signatures at eccDNA junction sites reveal that direct repeats (DRs) are commonly found, indicating a potential role of DRs in eccDNA biogenesis. This work underscores the deep sequencing analysis of ucf-eccDNAs and provides a valuable reference resource for exploring potential applications of ucf-eccDNA as diagnostic biomarkers of urogenital disorders in the future.

Significance StatementExtrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) is an important genetic element and a biomarker for disease diagnosis and treatment. In this study, we conduct a comprehensive characterization of urinary cell free eccDNA (ucf-eccDNA) in 28 heathy subjects. Over one million ucf-eccDNAs are identified. Ucf-eccDNAs are characterized as high GC content. The size of most ucf-eccDNAs is less than 1000 bp and enriched in four peaks resembling the size of single, double, triple, and quadruple nucleosomes. The genomic distribution of ucf-eccDNAs is enriched in generic regions, protein-coding genes, Alu, CpG islands, SINE and simple repeats. Sequence motif analysis of ucf-eccDNA junctions identified simple direct repeats (DRs) commonly presented in most eccDNAs, suggesting potential roles of DRs in eccDNA biogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lv, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henriksen, R. H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolund, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Regenberg, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.02.471038</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell free extrachromosomal circular DNA is common in human urine]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.13.472342v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure and dynamics of human disease-complication network 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.13.472342v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A complication is an unanticipated disease arisen following, induced by a disease, a treatment or a procedure. We compile the Human Disease-Complication Network from the medical data and investigate the characteristics of the network. It is observed that the modules of the network are dominated by the classes of diseases. The relations between modules are unveiled in detail. Three nontrivial motifs are identified from the network. We further simulate the dynamics of motifs with the Boolean dynamic model. Each motif represents a specific dynamic behavior, which is potentially functional in the disease system, such as generating temporal progressions and governing the responses to fluctuating external stimuli.

Author summaryAdvances in molecular biology lead to a new discipline of network medicine, investigating human diseases in a networked structure perspective. Recently, clinical records have been introduced to the research of complex networks of diseases. An important available medical dataset that has been overlooked so far is the complications of diseases, which are vital for human beings. We compile the Human Disease-Complication Network, representing the causality between the upstream diseases and their downstream complications. This work not only helps us to comprehend why certain groups of diseases appear collectively, but also provides a new paradigm to investigate the dynamics of disease progression. For clinical applications, the investigation of complications may yield new approaches to disease prevention, diagnosis and treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, J.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.13.472342</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure and dynamics of human disease-complication network]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.14.472632v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evidence for a mouse origin of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.14.472632v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The rapid accumulation of mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant that enabled its outbreak raises questions as to whether its proximal origin occurred in humans or another mammalian host. Here, we identified 45 point mutations that Omicron acquired since divergence from the B.1.1 lineage. We found that the Omicron spike protein sequence was subjected to stronger positive selection than that of any reported SARS-CoV-2 variants known to evolve persistently in human hosts, suggesting the possibility of host-jumping. The molecular spectrum (i.e., the relative frequency of the twelve types of base substitutions) of mutations acquired by the progenitor of Omicron was significantly different from the spectrum for viruses that evolved in human patients, but was highly consistent with spectra associated with evolution in a mouse cellular environment. Furthermore, mutations in the Omicron spike protein significantly overlapped with SARS-CoV-2 mutations known to promote adaptation to mouse hosts, particularly through enhanced spike protein binding affinity for the mouse cell entry receptor. Collectively, our results suggest that the progenitor of Omicron jumped from humans to mice, rapidly accumulated mutations conducive to infecting that host, then jumped back into humans, indicating an inter-species evolutionary trajectory for the Omicron outbreak.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wei, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shan, K.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huan, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.14.472632</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evidence for a mouse origin of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.16.472391v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reduced sera neutralization to Omicron SARS-CoV-2 by bothinactivated and protein subunit vaccines and the convalescents 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.16.472391v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Omicron variant continues to spread all over the world. There are lots of scientific questions remaining to be answered for such a devastating variant. There are a dozen of vaccines already in clinical use. The very urgent scientific question would be whether or not these vaccines can protect Omicron variant. Here, we tested the sera from both convalescents and vaccine recipients receiving either inactivated or protein subunits vaccines (CoronaVac from Sinovac, or BBIBP-CoV from Sinopharm, or ZF2001 from Zhifei longcom) for the binding antibody titers (ELISA) and neutralization antibodies titers (pseudovirus neutralization assay). We showed that Omicron do have severe immune escape in convalescents, with 15 of 16 were negative in neutralization. By contrast, in vaccinees who received three jabs of inactivated or protein subunit vaccine, the neutralizing activity was much better preserved. Especially in the ZF2001 group with an extended period of the second and third jab (4-6 months) remains 100% positive in Omicron neutralization, with only 3.1-folds reduction in neutralizing antibody (NAb) titer. In this case, we proposed that, the multi-boost strategy with an extended interval between the second and third jab for immune maturation would be beneficial for NAb against devastating variants such as Omicron.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, G. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.16.472391</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reduced sera neutralization to Omicron SARS-CoV-2 by bothinactivated and protein subunit vaccines and the convalescents]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.21.473591v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Replication is the key barrier during the dual-host adaption of mosquito-borne flaviviruses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.21.473591v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mosquito-borne flaviviruses (MBFs) adapt to a dual-host transmission circle between mosquitoes and vertebrates. Dual-host affiliated insect-specific flaviviruses (dISFs), discovered from mosquitoes, are phylogenetically similar to MBFs but do not infect vertebrates. Thus, dISF-MBF chimeras could be an ideal model to study the dual-host adaption of MBFs. Using the pseudo-infectious reporter virus particle and reverse genetics systems, we found dISFs entered vertebrate cells as efficiently as the MBFs, but failed to initiate replication. Exchange of the un-translational regions (UTRs) of Donggang virus (DONV), an dISF, with those from Zika virus (ZIKV) rescued DONV replication in vertebrate cells and critical secondary RNA structures were further mapped. Essential UTR-binding host factors were screened for ZIKV replication in vertebrate cells, displaying different binding patterns. Therefore, our data demonstrate a post-entry cross-species transmission mechanism of MBFs, while UTR-host interaction is critical for dual-host adaption.

Significance StatementMost viruses have a relatively narrow host range. In contrast, vector-borne flaviviruses, such as dengue virus and Zika virus, maintain their transmission cycle between arthropods and vertebrates, belonging to different phyla. How do these viruses adapt to the distinct cellular environments of two phyla? By comparing the single-host insect specific flavivirus and dual-host Zika virus, we identified three key molecular factors that determine MBF host tropism. This study will greatly increase the understanding of entry, replication, and cross-species evolution of mosquito-borne flaviviruses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zheng, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.21.473591</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Replication is the key barrier during the dual-host adaption of mosquito-borne flaviviruses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.29.474402v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural and functional characterizations of altered infectivity and immune evasion of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.29.474402v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron with increased fitness is spreading rapidly worldwide. Analysis of cryo-EM structures of the Spike (S) from Omicron reveals amino acid substitutions forging new interactions that stably maintain an "active" conformation for receptor recognition. The relatively more compact domain organization confers improved stability and enhances attachment but compromises the efficiency of viral fusion step. Alterations in local conformation, charge and hydrophobic microenvironments underpin the modulation of the epitopes such that they are not recognized by most NTD- and RBD-antibodies, facilitating viral immune escape. Apart from already existing mutations, we have identified three new immune escape sites: 1) Q493R, 2) G446S and 3) S371L/S373P/S375F that confers greater resistance to five of the six classes of RBD-antibodies. Structure of the Omicron S bound with human ACE2, together with analysis of sequence conservation in ACE2 binding region of 25 sarbecovirus members as well as heatmaps of the immunogenic sites and their corresponding mutational frequencies sheds light on conserved and structurally restrained regions that can be used for the development of broad-spectrum vaccines and therapeutics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cui, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pei, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, X. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.29.474402</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural and functional characterizations of altered infectivity and immune evasion of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.31.474622v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Parasite defensive limb movements enhance signal attraction in male little torrent frogs: insight into the evolution of multimodal signals 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.31.474622v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many animals rely on complex sexual signals that target multiple senses to attract mates and repel rivals. These multimodal mating displays can however also attract unintended receivers, which can be an important driver of signal complexity. Despite being taxonomically widespread, we often lack insight into how multimodal signals evolve from unimodal signals and in particular what roles unintended eavesdroppers play. Here we assess whether the physical movements of parasite defense behavior increase the complexity and attractiveness of an acoustic sexual signal in the little torrent frog (Amolops torrentis). Calling males of this species often display limb movements in order to defend against blood-sucking parasites such as frog-biting midges that eavesdrop on their acoustic signal. Through mate choice tests we show that some of these midge-evoked movements influence female preference for acoustic signals. Our data suggest that midge-induced movements may be incorporated into a sexual display, targeting both hearing and vision in the intended receiver. Females may play an important role in incorporating these multiple components because they prefer signals which combine multiple programs. Our results thus help to understand the relationship between ecological and sexual selection pressure operating on signalers and how in turn this may influence multimodal signal evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halfwerk, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.31.474622</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Parasite defensive limb movements enhance signal attraction in male little torrent frogs: insight into the evolution of multimodal signals]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.25.476850v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Impact of various vaccine boosters on neutralization against Omicron following prime vaccinations with inactivated or adenovirus-vectored vaccine 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.25.476850v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Since the first report on November 24, 2021, the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant is now overwhelmingly spreading across the world. Two SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccines (IAVs), one recombinant protein subunit vaccine (PRV), and one adenovirus-vectored vaccine (AdV) have been widely administrated in many countries including China to pursue herd immunity. Here we investigated cross-neutralizing activities in 341 human serum specimens elicited by full-course vaccinations with IAV, PRV and AdV, and by various vaccine boosters following prime IAV and AdV vaccinations. We found that all types of vaccines induced significantly lower neutralizing antibody titers against the Omicron variant than against the prototype strain. For prime vaccinations with IAV and AdV, heterologous boosters with AdV and PRV, respectively, elevated serum Omicron-neutralizing activities to the highest degrees. In a mouse model, we further demonstrated that among a series of variant-derived RBD-encoding mRNA vaccine boosters, it is only the Omicron booster that significantly enhanced Omicron neutralizing antibody titers compared with the prototype booster following a prime immunization with a prototype S-encoding mRNA vaccine candidate. In summary, our systematical investigations of various vaccine boosters inform potential booster administrations in the future to combat the Omicron variant.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.25.476850</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Impact of various vaccine boosters on neutralization against Omicron following prime vaccinations with inactivated or adenovirus-vectored vaccine]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.28.478261v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptome Analysis of the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and Litoditis marina in a Chemically Defined Food Environment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.28.478261v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Diets regulate animal development, reproduction, and lifespan. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. A chemically defined CeMM diet attenuates development and promotes longevity of C. elegans, but whether it impact on other nematodes is unknown. Here, we studied the effect of the CeMM diet on the development and longevity of the marine nematode Litoditis marina, which belongs to the same family as C. elegans. We further investigated genome-wide transcriptional responses to CeMM and OP50 diet for both nematodes, respectively. We observed that the CeMM diet attenuated L. marina development but did not extend its lifespan. We found that many of the FOXO DAF-16 target genes, lysosome and xenobiotic metabolism related genes were significantly increased on the CeMM, which might contribute to the lifespan extension of C. elegans. Notably, we found that the expression of lysosome and xenobiotic metabolism pathway genes was significantly down regulated in L. marina on CeMM, which might explain why the CeMM diet could not promote the lifespan of L. marina compared to bacterial feeding. Additionally, down-regulation of several RNA transcription and protein generation and related processes genes might not only be involved in extending longevity but also contribute to attenuating development of C. elegans on CeMM, while down-regulation of unsaturated fatty acids synthesis genes might contribute to slow down the growth of L. marina on CeMM. Further genetic analysis of candidate gene(s) of longevity and development in C. elegans and L. marina will provide the molecular mechanisms underlying how diets regulate animal physiology and health in the context of global climate change with variable nutritional environments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.28.478261</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptome Analysis of the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and Litoditis marina in a Chemically Defined Food Environment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.30.478379v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hedgehogs are the major amplifying hosts of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.30.478379v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a tick-borne bandavirus mainly transmitted by Haemaphysalis longicornis in East Asia, mostly in rural areas. To date, the amplifying host involved in the natural transmission of SFTSV remains unidentified. Our epidemiological field survey conducted in endemic areas in China showed that hedgehogs were widely distributed, had heavy tick infestations, and had high SFTSV seroprevalence and RNA prevalence. After experimental infection of Erinaceus amurensis and Atelerix albiventris hedgehogs with SFTSV, robust but transitory viremias were detected, which lasted for around nine to eleven days. The infected hedgehogs experienced light weight loss and histopathology of the spleen showed hemorrhagic necrosis and lymphopenia, with infected hedgehogs recovering after viral clearance. Remarkably, SFTSV transmission cycle between hedgehogs and nymph/adult H. longicornis was easily accomplished under laboratory condition with 100% efficiency. Furthermore, naive H. longicornis ticks could be infected by SFTSV-positive ticks co-feeding on naive hedgehogs, with transstadial transmission of SFTSV also confirmed. We also found that SFTSV viremia remained high in hedgehogs during hibernation, suggesting that this mechanism might contribute to the persistence of SFTSV from one year to the next. Of concern, we recently found evidence of the natural circulation of SFTSV in the urban area of Beijing City in China involving H. longicornis ticks and E. amurensis hedgehogs. Our study suggests that the hedgehogs are the major wildlife amplifying hosts of SFTSV and that urban outbreaks of SFTSV might occur in the future.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zheng, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawrence, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Si, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.30.478379</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hedgehogs are the major amplifying hosts of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.05.482955v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cilia regulate meiotic recombination in zebrafish 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.05.482955v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Meiosis is essential for evolution and genetic diversity in almost all sexual eukaryotic organisms. The mechanisms of meiotic recombination, such as synapsis, have been extensively investigated. However, it is still unclear whether signals from the cytoplasm or even outside of the cell can regulate the meiosis process. Cilia are microtubule-based structures that protrude from cell surface and function as signaling hubs to sense extracellular signals. Here, we reported an unexpected and critical role of cilia during meiotic recombination. During gametogenesis of zebrafish, cilia were specifically present in the prophase stages of both spermatocytes and primary oocytes. By developing a novel germ cell-specific CRISPR/Cas9 system, we demonstrated that germ cell-specific depletion of ciliary genes resulted in compromised double strand break repair, reduced crossover formation, and increased germ cell apoptosis. Our study reveals a previously undiscovered role for cilia during meiosis and suggests that extracellular signals may regulate meiotic recombination via this particular organelle.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xie, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.05.482955</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cilia regulate meiotic recombination in zebrafish]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.11.484041v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolutionary Principles of Bacterial Signaling Capacity and Complexity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.11.484041v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbes rely on signal transduction systems to sense and respond to environmental changes for survival and reproduction. It is generally known that niche adaptation plays an important role in shaping the signaling repertoire. However, the evolution of bacterial signaling capacity lacks systematic studies with a temporal direction. Particularly, it is unclear how complexity evolved from simplicity or vice versa for signaling networks. Here we examine the evolutionary processes of major signal transduction systems in Campylobacterota (formerly Epsilonproteobacteria), a phylum with sufficient evolutionary depth and ecological diversity. Evolution of signaling systems within Campylobacterota shows two opposite trends. During niche expansion, signaling complexity increases with gene expansions through horizontal gene transfer (HGT), gene duplication, fusion and fission, which create opportunities for genetic innovation and pathway integration. In contrast, as the lineages adapt to a specialized niche, complexity decreases with massive gene losses that lead to the decline or disappearance of pathways mediated by multiple transmitters. Overall, signaling capacity and complexity arise and drop together in Campylobacterota, determined by sensory demand, genetic resources and co-evolution within the genomic context. These findings reflects plausible evolutionary principles for other cellular networks and genome evolution of the Bacteria domain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.11.484041</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolutionary Principles of Bacterial Signaling Capacity and Complexity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.11.484051v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Minor differences in peptide presentation between chicken MHC class I molecules can explain differences in disease susceptibility 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.11.484051v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The highly polymorphic classical major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs) can confer resistance or susceptibility to diseases. The chicken MHC is known to confer decisive resistance or susceptibility to various economically-important pathogens, including the iconic oncogenic herpesvirus that causes Mareks disease (MD). Only one classical class I gene, BF2, is expressed at a high level in chickens, so it was relatively easy to discern a hierarchy from well-expressed thermostable fastidious specialist alleles to promiscuous generalist alleles that are less stable and expressed less on the cell surface. The BF2*1901 is more highly expressed and more thermostable than the closely-related BF2*1501, but the data for peptide repertoire available did not obviously correlate as expected. Here, we confirm for newly-developed chicken lines that the chicken haplotype B15 confers resistance to MD compared to B19. Using gas phase sequencing of peptide pools, and using immunopeptidomics involving mass spectroscopy, we find that the BF2*1901 binds a greater variety of amino acids in some anchor positions than BF2*1501. However, by X-ray crystallography, we find that the peptide-binding groove of BF2*1901 is narrower and shallower. Though the self-peptides bound to BF2*1901 may appear more various than those of BF2*1501, the structures show that the wider and deeper peptide-binding groove of BF2*1501 allows it to tightly accept many more peptides overall, correlating with the expected hierarchies for expression level, thermostability and MD resistance. Moreover, the 2 helix of BF2*1901 is higher than BF2*1501, potentially reducing the number of T cell clones that can recognize this fastidious class I molecule.

IMPORTANCEDisease susceptibility mechanism is complicated, but chicken infection of Mareks disease (MD) is one of ideal models, considering the only one highly expressed classical MHC class I, BF2. The different susceptibility of the two close alleles BF2*1901 and BF2*1501 with minor difference of expression and thermostability is still unfathomed. Here, we confirm B15 chicken confers resistance to MD compared to B19. But the BF2*1901 binds a broader variety of anchoring peptides than BF2*1501. This mystery was solved by the structural determination of the two molecules with one similar peptide. The wider and deeper peptide-binding groove of BF2*1501 allows it to tightly accept many more peptides overall, which is concordant to the expected hierarchies for expression level, thermostability and MD resistance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Han, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yue, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallny, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avila, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mwangi, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nair, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ternette, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, G. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.11.484051</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Minor differences in peptide presentation between chicken MHC class I molecules can explain differences in disease susceptibility]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.13.484116v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
LANTSA: Landmark-based transferable subspace analysis for single-cell and spatial transcriptomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.13.484116v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and spatial transcriptomics (ST) technologies provide new insights to understand tissue organization and biological function. Accurately capturing the relationships of samples (e.g., sequenced cells, spatial locations) will result in reliable and consistent outcomes in downstream analyses. However, this undertaking remains a challenge for large-volume or cross-platform datasets due to transcriptional heterogeneity and high computational demands. Here, we introduce landmark-based transferable subspace analysis (LANTSA) to solve such challenges for scRNA-seq and ST datasets. Specifically, LANTSA constructs a representation graph of samples for clustering and visualization based on a novel subspace model, which can learn a more accurate representation and is theoretically proven to be linearly proportional to data size in terms of the time consumption. Furthermore, LANTSA uses a dimensionality reduction technique as an integrative method to extract the discriminants underlying the representation structure, which enables label transfer from one (learning) dataset (i.e., scRNA-seq profiles) to the other (prediction) datasets (e.g., scRNA-seq or ST profiles), thus solving the massive-volume or cross-platform problem. We demonstrated the superiority of LANTSA to identify accurate data structures via clustering evaluation on benchmark datasets of various scRNA-seq protocols, 10x Visium, and Slide-seq ST platforms. Moreover, we confirmed the integration capability of LANTSA to transfer cell annotation on large-scale and cross-platform scRNA-seq datasets. Finally, we validated the effectiveness of LANTSA for the identification of multiple mouse brain areas as well as the spatial mapping of cell types within cortical layers by integrating scRNA-seq and ST data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, W.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.13.484116</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[LANTSA: Landmark-based transferable subspace analysis for single-cell and spatial transcriptomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.17.484827v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Maternal separation induces autism spectrum disorder in young rhesus monkeys 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.17.484827v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a class of severe neurodevelopmental disorders with a high incidence in young children, and its pathogenesis remains elusive. There is no effective treatment, and ASD children usually have a hard time in integrating into society and leading a normal life, which places a heavy burden on the families and society. Studies have shown that in addition to genetic factors, environmental factors are another important risk contributing to the pathogenesis of ASD. Early environmental adversity, which can lead to abnormal brain development and affect cognition and behavior, greatly increases the incidence of a variety of brain developmental diseases including ASD. However, studies on this aspect are inadequate at present, and no clear conclusions can be drawn. We explored whether early adversity could trigger ASD core clinical symptoms in macaques by modeling early adversity through maternal separation. In this study, we conducted a rigorous behavioral analysis of 12 male macaques (1.5-2 years old) that underwent maternal separation and 9 male normal macaques of the same age that had been mother raised, and found that maternal separation could induce a small number of the young individuals to develop three core symptoms of ASD, including social impairment, stereotyped behaviors, and restricted interest simultaneously. According to DSM-V and ASD clinical diagnostic criteria, these individuals should be ASD macaques for having all the three core ASD symptoms at the same time., For the first time, this study reveals that early environmental adversity can lead to ASD pathogenesis in monkeys, and provides a new approach for future ASD studies and modeling ASD monkeys.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ren, X.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lv, L.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, Z.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, X.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, X.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.17.484827</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Maternal separation induces autism spectrum disorder in young rhesus monkeys]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.04.487053v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ralstonia solanacearum effector RipAF1 ADP-ribosylates host FBN1 to induce resistance against bacterial wilt 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.04.487053v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ralstonia solanacearum (Rso) causes destructive bacterial wilt across a broad range of host plants by inducing jasmonic acid (JA) signaling while suppressing salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathways during disease development. In the present study, we show that Rso type III effector RipAF1 exerts a negative effect on bacterial virulence by subverting disease signaling in association with bacterial wilt. The ADP-ribosylation activity of RipAF1 was verified both in vivo and in vitro. Host fibrillin FBN1 was identified as a RipAF1-interacting protein that acted as a susceptible factor for bacterial wilt. In particular, RipAF1 directly ADP-ribosylates FBN1 at the E175/K207 residues, thus interfering with the mediation of disease signaling by FBN1. Together, these results suggest that RipAF1 exerts a role in defense induction by ADP-ribosylation of the susceptible factor FBN1 in the host plant.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tong, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.04.487053</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ralstonia solanacearum effector RipAF1 ADP-ribosylates host FBN1 to induce resistance against bacterial wilt]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.17.492383v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
FliL has a conserved function in diverse microbes to negatively modulate motor output via its N-terminal region 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.17.492383v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacterial surface sensing is often conferred by flagella. The flagellar motor protein FliL plays a key role in this process, but its exact role has been obscured by varying fliL mutant phenotypes. We reanalyzed results from studies on these fliL alleles and found they inadvertently compared mutants with differing length of the retained native N-terminal region, including the transmembrane helix (TM). We find that TM retention in the mutants that lack the native C-terminal domain results in loss of swimming and swarming motility, while alleles that completely lack the TM retain motility. We suggest FliL negatively regulates motor function via its N-terminal region, an observation that may relate to FliL function in mechanosensing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roujeinikova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ottemann, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.17.492383</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[FliL has a conserved function in diverse microbes to negatively modulate motor output via its N-terminal region]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.18.492400v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The largest haplotype-phased and chromosome-scale genome assembly of the fungal pathogen, Puccinia polysora, by HiFi reads and Hi-C data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.18.492400v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rust fungi are characterized by large genomes with high repeat content and have two haploid nuclei in most life stages, which makes achieving high-quality genome assemblies challenging. Here, we described a pipeline using HiFi reads and Hi-C data to assemble a gigabase-sized fungal pathogen, Puccinia polysora f.sp. zeae, to haplotype-phased and chromosome-scale. The final assembled genome is 1.71 Gbp, with ~850 Mbp and 18 chromosomes in each haplotype, being currently one of the two giga-scale fungi assembled to chromosome level. Transcript-based annotation identified 47,512 genes for dikaryotic genome with a similar number for each haplotype. A high level of interhaplotype variation was found with 10% haplotype-specific BUSCO genes, 5.8 SNPs/kbp and structural variation accounting for 3% of the genome size. The P. polysora genome displayed over 85% repeat contents, with genome-size expansion and copy number increasing of species-specific orthogroups. Interestingly, these features did not affect overall synteny with other Puccinia species having smaller genomes. Fine-time-point transcriptomics revealed seven clusters of co-expressed secreted proteins that are conserved between two haplotypes. The fact that candidate effectors interspersed with all genes indicated the absence of a "two-speed genome" evolution in P. polysora. Genome resequencing of 79 additional isolates revealed a clonal population structure of P. polysora in China with low geographic differentiation. Nevertheless, a minor population differentiated from the major population by having mutations on secreted proteins including AvrRppC, indicating the ongoing virulence to evade recognition by RppC, a major resistance gene in Chinese corn cultivars. The high-quality assembly provides valuable genomic resources for future studies on disease management and the evolution of P. polysora.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liang, j.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dodds, P. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Figueroa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sperschneider, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsui, C. K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.18.492400</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The largest haplotype-phased and chromosome-scale genome assembly of the fungal pathogen, Puccinia polysora, by HiFi reads and Hi-C data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.07.495209v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genomic analyses provide new insights into the evolutionary history and reproduction of the Paleogene relictual Kingdonia (Circaeasteraceae, Ranunculales) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.07.495209v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Asexual lineages are perceived to be short-lived on evolutionary timescales due to accumulation of deleterious mutations. Hence reports for exceptional cases of putative  ancient asexual species usually raise doubts about whether such species are recently derived or engage in some undocumented sexual reproduction. However, there have been few studies to solve the mystery. The monotypic Kingdonia dating to the early Eocene, contains only K. uniflora that has no known definitive evidence for sexual reproduction nor records for having closely related congeneric sexual species, seeming to have persisted under strict asexuality for long periods of time. In this study, we use population genomic analyses to test for reproduction mode and infer the evolutionary process and mechanisms facilitating the survival of the species. Our results indicate the presence of three differentiating genetic lineages within the species and support that asexual reproduction in K. uniflora indicated by high allelic heterozygosity had occurred prior to the lineage differentiation ([~]0.5 mya). We also detected DNA recombination events in some populations, in line with occurrence of unseen and unevenly distributed sexual reproduction among populations. However the observation of high linkage disequilibrium, relatively high ratio of{pi} N/{pi}S (nonsynonymous versus synonymous nucleotide diversity), together with high allelic heterozygosity suggest the sexual reproduction is infrequent. Furthermore, we found that genes containing SNPs with elevated Fst values are significantly enriched in functions associated with seed development, suggesting differentiation in genes regulating seed development is likely to be the key reason of the uneven distribution of sexual reproduction in K. uniflora. Evidence from our study supports predominate asexual reproduction in K. uniflora, but unseen sexual reproduction must have played a key role to ensure the long-term survival of the lineage in general. Uneven distribution of sexual reproduction in the species may be a key factor underlying the observed genetic differentiation between populations. This study provides novel insights into the reproduction and evolution of Kingdonia, a relict lineage evolved in the Paleogene and known for asexual reproduction, and demonstrate the power of data from population genome sequencing in resolving long-standing evolutionary questions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landis, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.07.495209</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genomic analyses provide new insights into the evolutionary history and reproduction of the Paleogene relictual Kingdonia (Circaeasteraceae, Ranunculales)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.30.498357v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An improved graph representation learning method for drug-target interaction prediction over heterogeneous biological information graph 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.30.498357v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The prediction task of the relationships between drugs and targets plays a significant role in the process of new drug discovery. Computational-based strategies for predicting drug-target interactions (DTIs) are regarded as a high-efficiency way. Moreover, recent studies adopted a graph neural network (GNN) to discover underlying DTIs and achieved better performance. Although these inductive methods can straightway learn biomolecules latent representations, they have an over-smoothing phenomenon in the course of obtaining the rich neighborhood information of each node in the biological information network, which further leads to a consistent feature representation of each node. To address the above issues, a novel model, called iGRLDTI, is proposed to precisely identify new DTIs based on an improved graph representation learning strategy. Specifically, iGRLDTI first constructs a biological information graph (BIG) by calculating the biological knowledge of drugs and targets with the relationships between them. Then, an improved graph representation learning strategy is designed to capture the enriched feature representations of drugs and targets. Finally, the Gradient Boosting Decision Tree classifier is applied to predict potential DTIs. Experimental results demonstrate that iGRLDTI yields better performance by comparing it with other state-of-the-art models on the benchmark dataset. Besides, our case studies denote that iGRLDTI can successfully identify unknown DTIs according to the improved feature representations of drugs and targets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, B.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>You, Z.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, P.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.30.498357</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An improved graph representation learning method for drug-target interaction prediction over heterogeneous biological information graph]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.16.500310v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A geometric deep learning framework for drug repositioning over heterogeneous information networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.16.500310v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The effectiveness of computational drug repositioning techniques has been further improved due to the development of artificial intelligence technology. However, most of the existing approaches fall short of taking into account the non-Euclidean nature of biomedical data. To overcome this problem, we propose a geometric deep learning (GDL) framework, namely DDAGDL, to predict drug-disease associations (DDAs) on heterogeneous information networks (HINs). DDAGDL can take advantage of complicated biological information to learn the feature representations of drugs and diseases by ingeniously projecting drugs and diseases including geometric prior knowledge of network structure in a non-Euclidean domain onto a latent feature space. Experimental results show that DDAGDL is able to identify high-quality candidates for Alzheimers disease (AD) and Breast neoplasms (BN) that have already been reported by previously published studies, and some of them are not even identified by comparing models.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, B.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, P.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Y.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.16.500310</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A geometric deep learning framework for drug repositioning over heterogeneous information networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.17.500353v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Osteocytes regulate organismal senescence of bone and bone marrow 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.17.500353v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The skeletal system contains a series of sophisticated cellular lineages arisen from the mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), that determine the homeostasis of bone and bone marrow. Here we reasoned that osteocyte may exert a function in regulation of these lineage cell specifications and tissue homeostasis. Using a mouse model of conditional deletion of osteocytes by the expression of diphtheria toxin subunit  (DTA) in dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP-1) positive osteocytes, we demonstrated that partial ablation of DMP-1positive osteocytes caused severe sarcopenia, osteoporosis and degenerative kyphosis, leading to shorter lifespan in these animals. Osteocyte reduction altered mesenchymal lineage commitment resulting in impairment of osteogenesis and induction of osteoclastogensis. Single cell RNA sequencing further revealed that hematopoietic lineage was mobilized towards myeloid lineage differentiation with expanded myeloid progenitors, neutrophils and monocytes, while the lymphopoiesis was impaired with reduced B cells in the osteocyte ablation mice. The acquisition of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in both osteoprogenic and myeloid lineage cells was the underlying cause. Together, we showed that osteocytes play critical roles in regulating of lineage cell specifications in bone and bone marrow through mediation of organismal senescence.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ding, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.17.500353</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Osteocytes regulate organismal senescence of bone and bone marrow]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.18.500332v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neutralizing antibody evasion and receptor binding features of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2.75 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.18.500332v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariant, BA.2.75, displayed a local growth advantage over BA.2.38, BA.2.76 and BA.5 in India. The underlying mechanism of BA.2.75s enhanced infectivity, especially compared to BA.5, remains unclear. Here, we show that BA.2.75 exhibits substantially higher ACE2-binding affinity than BA.5. Also, BA.2.75 spike shows decreased thermostability and increased "up" RBD conformation in acidic conditions, suggesting enhanced low-pH-endosomal cell-entry pathway utilization. BA.2.75 is less humoral immune evasive than BA.4/BA.5 in BA.1/BA.2 breakthrough-infection convalescents; however, BA.2.75 shows heavier neutralization evasion in Delta breakthrough-infection convalescents. Importantly, plasma from BA.5 breakthrough infection exhibit significantly weaker neutralization against BA.2.75 than BA.5, mainly due to BA.2.75s distinct RBD and NTD-targeting antibody escaping pattern from BA.4/BA.5. Additionally, Evusheld and Bebtelovimab remain effective against BA.2.75, and Sotrovimab recovered RBD-binding affinity. Together, our results suggest BA.2.75 may prevail after the global BA.4/BA.5 wave, and its increased receptor-binding capability could allow further incorporation of immune-evasive mutations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jian, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yisimayi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yue, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, X. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.18.500332</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neutralizing antibody evasion and receptor binding features of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2.75]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.20.500773v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pore-forming protein βγ-CAT drives extracellular nutrient scavenging under cell starvation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.20.500773v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nutrient acquisition is essential for cells. {beta}{gamma}-CAT is a pore-forming protein (PFP) and trefoil factor complex assembled under tight regulation identified in toad Bombina maxima. Here, we reported that B. maxima cells secreted {beta}{gamma}-CAT under glucose and glutamine deficiency to scavenge extracellular proteins for their nutrient supply and survival. AMP-activated kinase signaling positively regulated the expression and secretion of {beta}{gamma}-CAT. The PFP complex promoted albumin and ovalbumin uptake through endolysosomal pathways. Elevated intracellular amino acids, enhanced ATP production, and eventually prolonged cell survival were observed in the presence of {beta}{gamma}-CAT and extracellular albumin or ovalbumin. Liposome assays indicated that high concentration of ATP (around 1-5 mM) negatively regulated the opening of {beta}{gamma}-CAT channels. Collectively, these results uncovered that {beta}{gamma}-CAT is an essential element in cell nutrient scavenging under cell starvation by driving vesicular uptake of extracellular proteins, providing a new paradigm for PFPs in cell nutrient acquisition and metabolic flexibility.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Z.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bian, X.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.20.500773</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pore-forming protein βγ-CAT drives extracellular nutrient scavenging under cell starvation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.28.501832v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A unique peptide recognition mechanism by the human relaxin family peptide receptor 4 (RXFP4) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.28.501832v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Members of the insulin superfamily regulate a variety of biological processes through two types of target-specific but structurally conserved peptides, insulin/insulin-like growth factors and relaxin/insulin-like peptides. The latter bind to the human relaxin family peptide receptors (RXFPs), which are class A G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), to exert pleiotropic actions. Here, we report three cryo-electron microscopy structures of RXFP4-Gi protein complexes in the presence of the endogenous ligand insulin-like peptide 5 (INSL5) or one of the two small molecule agonists, compound 4 and DC591053, both were discovered through medicinal chemistry efforts. The B chain of INSL5 adopts a single -helix that penetrates into the orthostatic pocket, while the A chain sits above the orthosteric pocket to interact with the extracellular surface of RXFP4, revealing a unique peptide-binding mode previously unknown. Together with mutagenesis and functional analyses, the key determinants responsible for the peptidomimetic agonism and subtype selectivity were identified. DC591053 selectively mimicked the action of INSL5 at RXFP4 whereas compound 4 activated both RXFP3 and RXFP4. Comparison of peptide binding modes within the insulin superfamily displayed diverse interaction mechanisms distinct to each type of the peptides. Our findings not only provide valuable insights into ligand recognition and subtype selectivity among class A GPCRs, but also expand the knowledge of signaling mechanisms in the insulin superfamily.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bathgate, R. A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, H. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.28.501832</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A unique peptide recognition mechanism by the human relaxin family peptide receptor 4 (RXFP4)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.09.503273v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CRIC-seq reveals positional rule of PTBP1-mediated long-range RNA looping in splicing regulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.09.503273v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RNA-binding proteins bind at different positions of pre-mRNA molecules to promote or reduce the usage of a particular exon. Seeking to understand the working principle of these positional effects, we develop a CRIC-seq method to enrich single RBP-mediated in situ RNA-RNA spatial interacting fragments for deep sequencing. We determine hnRNPA1- and PTBP1-mediated RNA-RNA interactions and regulatory mechanisms in HeLa cells. Unexpectedly, 3D RNA map analysis shows that PTBP1-mediated loops in introns preferably promote cassette exon splicing by accelerating asymmetric intron removal, whereas the loops spanning across cassette exon primarily repress splicing. This "positional rule" can faithfully predict PTBP1-regulated splicing outcomes. We further demonstrate that cancer-related splicing quantitative trait loci can disrupt RNA loops by reducing PTBP1 binding on pre-mRNAs to cause aberrant splicing in tumors. Our study presents a powerful method for exploring the functions of RBP-mediated RNA-RNA interactions in gene regulation and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ye, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.09.503273</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CRIC-seq reveals positional rule of PTBP1-mediated long-range RNA looping in splicing regulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.09.503429v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Stability of SARS-CoV-2 in cold-chain transportation environments and the efficacy of disinfection measures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.09.503429v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cold-chain environment could extend the survival duration of SARS-CoV-2 and increases the risk of transmission. However, the effect of clod-chain environmental factors and packaging materials on SARS-CoV-2 stability and the efficacy of intervention measures to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 under cold-chain environment remains uncertain. This study aimed to unravel cold-chain environmental factors that preserved the stability of SARS-CoV-2 and disinfection measures against SARS-CoV-2 under the cold-chain environment. The spike gene of SARS-CoV-2 isolated from Wuhan hu-1 was used to construct the SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus and used as model of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The decay rate of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus in the cold-chain environment, various types of packaging material surfaces i.e., PE plastic, stainless steel, Teflon and cardboard, and in frozen seawater was investigated. The influence of LED visible light(wavelength 450 nm-780 nm) and airflow movement on the stability of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus at -18{degrees} C were subsequently assessed. The results show that SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus decayed more rapidly on porous cardboard surface compared with the non-porous surfaces including PE plastic, stainless steel and Teflon. Compared with 25{degrees} C, the decay rate of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus was significantly lower at low temperature. Seawater preserved viral stability both at -18{degrees} C and repeated freeze-thawing cycles compared with deionized water. LED visible light illumination and airflow movement environment at -18{degrees} C reduced the SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus stability. In conclusion, our results indicate cold-chain temperature and seawater as risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 transmission and LED visible light illumination and airflow movement as possible disinfection measures of SARS-CoV-2 under the cold-chain environment.

ImportanceIt is widely recognized that low temperature is a condition for maintaining virus vitality, and cold-chain transportation spreads the events of the SARS-CoV-2 were reported. This study provides that the decay rate of the SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus at low temperatures varies on different packaging materials, and salt ions present in frozen foods such as seafood may protect virus survival. These results provide evidence for the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 transmission through cold-chain transport and also suggest the importance for disinfection of items. However, the commonly used disinfection methods of ultraviolet radiation and chemical reagents are generally not suitable for the disinfection of frozen food. Our study shows LED visible light illumination and airflow movement as possible disinfection measures of SARS-CoV-2 under the cold-chain environment. This has implications for reducing the long-distance transmission of the virus through cold-chain transportation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Peng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pathak, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bi, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.09.503429</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Stability of SARS-CoV-2 in cold-chain transportation environments and the efficacy of disinfection measures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.15.503951v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ELI trifocal microscope: A precise cryogenic fabrication system to prepare target cryo-lamellae of cells for in situ cryo-ET study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.15.503951v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) has become a powerful approach to study the high-resolution structure of cellular macromolecular machines in situ. However, the current correlative cryo-fluorescence and electron microscopy lacks sufficient accuracy and efficiency to precisely prepare cryo-lamellae of target locations for subsequent in situ cryo-ET structural study. Here, we developed a precise cryogenic fabrication system, the ELI trifocal microscope (ELI-TriScope), by setting up an electron (E) beam, a light (L) beam and an ion (I) beam at the same focal point to achieve accurate and efficient preparation of a target cryo-lamella without sacrificing the throughput. ELI-TriScope was developed starting from a commercial dual-beam scanning electron microscope (SEM) by incorporating a cryo-holder-based transfer system and embedding an optical imaging system just underneath the vitrified specimen. Cryo-focused ion beam (FIB) milling can be accurately navigated by monitoring the real-time fluorescence signal of the target molecule. Using ELI-TriScope, we prepared a batch of cryo-lamellae of HeLa cells targeting the centrosome, with an [~]100% success rate, and discovered new in situ structural features of the human centrosome through a subsequent cryo-ET structural study.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.15.503951</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ELI trifocal microscope: A precise cryogenic fabrication system to prepare target cryo-lamellae of cells for in situ cryo-ET study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.22.504768v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeted genome editing in grape using multiple CRISPR-guided editing systems 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.22.504768v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The CRISPR/Cas9 system, together with newly developed CRISPR technologies such as CRISPR/LbCpf1 and base editors, have expanded the scope of targeted genome editing in plants. However, in grape, applications of these novel CRISPR-guided tools have not been reported. Here, we employed EGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein) and RUBY to help to screen transformed grape cells based on fluorescence and red betalain and tested the activities of CRISPR/LbCpf1, CRISPR/xCas9 and cytidine base editor (CBE) in grape, respectively. The grape TMT1 (tonoplastic monosaccharide transporter1) and TMT2 genes were simultaneously edited by using LbCpf1, resulting in an efficiency of 16-48%. Furthermore, high temperature (34{degrees}C) could enhance editing efficiencies at most of the designed targets. The CRISPR/xCas9 could induce targeted mutagenesis at the target with NGG PAM, but the efficiencies were very low (< 1.9%). The targets with GAA and GAT PAMs that are reported in mammalian cells and rice were not recognized by xCas9 in our study. Moreover, successful C-to-T substitutions were achieved in GAI1 (gibberellin insensitive1) gene by using CBE. The editing efficiencies ranged from 2.4 to 15% at the two targets in GAI1 in grape cells. Analysis of independent embryos revealed a C-to-T efficiency of 12.5% at the first target of GAI1. Taken together, our results demonstrate the efficacy of these CRISPR-guided tools in grape and provide evidence for further application of these editing tools in this economically important species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ren, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.22.504768</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeted genome editing in grape using multiple CRISPR-guided editing systems]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.06.506769v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Heritability enrichment in context-specific regulatory networks improves phenotype-relevant tissue identification 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.06.506769v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Systems genetics holds the promise to decipher complex traits by interpreting their associated SNPs through gene regulatory networks derived from comprehensive multi-omics data of cell types, tissues, and organs. Here, we propose SpecVar to integrate paired chromatin accessibility and gene expression data into context-specific regulatory network atlas and regulatory categories, conduct heritability enrichment analysis with GWAS summary statistics, identify relevant tissues, and depict shared heritability and regulations by relevance correlation. Our method improves power upon existing approaches by associating SNPs with context-specific regulatory elements to assess heritability enrichments and by explicitly prioritizing gene regulations underlying relevant tissues. Experiments on GWAS of six phenotypes show that SpecVar can improve heritability enrichment, accurately detect relevant tissues, and reveal causal regulations. Furthermore, SpecVar correlates the relevance patterns for pairs of phenotypes and better reveals shared heritability and regulations of phenotypes than existing methods. Studying GWAS of 206 phenotypes in UK-Biobank demonstrates that SpecVar leverages the context-specific regulatory network atlas to prioritize phenotypes relevant tissues and shared heritability for biological and therapeutic insights. SpecVar provides a powerful way to interpret SNPs via context-specific regulatory networks and is available at https://github.com/AMSSwanglab/SpecVar.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Feng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duren, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, W. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.06.506769</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Heritability enrichment in context-specific regulatory networks improves phenotype-relevant tissue identification]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.24.509300v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Global mosquito virome profiling and mosquito spatial diffusion pathways revealed by marker-viruses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.24.509300v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mosquitoes are vectors of numerous emergence and reemergence of mosquito-borne diseases, leading to an overwhelming global challenge. The boom in metagenomic studies promoted the increase of mosquito viruses being described, and studies from different regions of the world showed that mosquitoes harbor abundant and diverse viromes. However, there is still a lack of large-scale systematic comparison of viromes among various ecological factors such as the mosquito species/genera, location, etc, and consistent patterns associated with these factors are not clear. Here, we provide an overview of virome profiling that integrated the perspective of mosquito genus, locations, and climates based on the global scale, and redefined the  core-virome. Our results also further implicate some mosquito-associated viruses strongly associated with the ecological factors and highlighted the evidence of mosquitoes cross-regional movements by the candidate marker viruses. The study may be helpful in gaining new insights into strategies to prevent arbovirus epidemics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ming, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salazar, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agwanda, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bente, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.24.509300</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Global mosquito virome profiling and mosquito spatial diffusion pathways revealed by marker-viruses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.25.509375v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SmartGate is a spatial metabolomics tool for resolving tissue structures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.25.509375v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) is one of the powerful tools in spatial metabolomics for obtaining metabolite data and probing the internal microenvironment of organisms. It has dramatically advanced the understanding of the structure of biological tissues and the drug treatment of diseases. However, the complexity of IMS data hinders the further acquisition of biomarkers and the study of certain specific activities of organisms. To this end, we introduce an artificial intelligence tool SmartGate to enable automatic peak picking and spatial structure identification in an iterative manner. SmartGate selects discriminative m/z features from the previous iteration by differential analysis and employs a graph attention auto-encoder model to perform spatial clustering for tissue segmentation using the selected features. We applied SmartGate to diverse IMS data at multicellular or subcellular spatial resolutions and compared it with four competing methods to demonstrate its effectiveness. SmartGate can significantly improve the accuracy of spatial segmentation and identify biomarker metabolites based on tissue structure-guided differential analysis. For multiple consecutive IMS data, SmartGate can effectively identify structures with spatial heterogeneity by introducing three-dimensional spatial neighbor information.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xiao, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.25.509375</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SmartGate is a spatial metabolomics tool for resolving tissue structures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.20.508685v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genomic underpinnings of convergent adaptation to high altitudes for alpine plants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.20.508685v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Evolutionary convergence is one of the most striking examples of adaptation driven by natural selection. However, genomic evidence for convergent adaptation to extreme environments remains scarce. The Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains represent the worlds most species-rich temperate alpine biota, providing an ideal "natural laboratory" for studying convergent adaptation to high altitudes. Here, we generate reference genomes for two alpine plants, Saussurea obvallata (Asteraceae) and Rheum alexandrae (Polygonaceae), with 37,938 and 61,463 annotated protein-coding genes. By integrating an additional five alpine genomes, we investigate genomic signatures of convergent adaptation to the hostile environments of high altitudes. We show that alpine genomes tend to mitigate their genetic load by contracting genes functioning in the immune system to survive such harsh environments with few pathogens present. We detect signatures of convergent positive selection on a set of genes involved in reproduction and development and reveal that molecular convergence has acted on genes involved in self-incompatibility, cell wall modification, DNA repair and stress resistance, which underlie adaptation to extremely cold, high UV radiation and hypoxia environments. Using gene expression profiles, we further demonstrate that genes associated with cuticular wax and flavonoid biosynthetic pathways exhibit higher expression levels in leafy bracts, shedding lights on the genetic mechanisms of the adaptive  greenhouse morphology. Our integrative data provide genomic insights into the convergent evolution at higher-taxonomic levels, aiding in deep understanding of genetic adaptation to complex environments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landis, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.20.508685</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genomic underpinnings of convergent adaptation to high altitudes for alpine plants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.24.513495v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Heavy metal pollution characteristics of soil around a copper-nickel mine tailings pond in the northwest arid area of China and evaluation of desert phytoremediation potential 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.24.513495v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phytoextraction and phytostabilization are two mechanisms used by plants to remove and stabilize heavy metals in soil. However, there has been little research on the extraction/stabilization of heavy metals by desert plants in arid areas. This study analyzed eight heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Mn, and As) in 10 desert plants and their growth matrices. In addition, the single factor pollution index and Nemerow comprehensive pollution index were used to evaluate soil pollution. Based on the biological accumulation factor and the biological concentration factor, the fuzzy evaluation method was used to evaluate plant extraction/stability potentials for heavy metals. The results showed that Cd, Cu, Ni, and Cr in the soil around the tailings pond were at the heavy pollution level, Mn and Pb pollution was moderate, and Zn and As pollution was light. The matrix factorization model showed that Cu and Ni came from industrial pollution; Cd and Cr came from atmospheric deposition and agricultural pollution; Pb came from traffic pollution; and Mn, Zn, and As came from natural sources. The metal contents of the desert plants exceeded the standard for normal plants, of which Cr contents in the Atriplex patens and Ammophila breviligulata Fernald aboveground parts were 35.63 and 53.77 mg/kg respectively, and the Ni contents in the Klasea centauroides subsp. polycephala (Iljin) L. Martins underground parts and the A. breviligulata Fernald aboveground parts were 102.67 and 101.67 mg/kg, respectively, exceeding the maximum toxicity threshold for Cr and Ni. Ammophila breviligulata Fernald had the highest plant comprehensive extraction coefficient (CEI) and plant comprehensive stability coefficient (CSI) at 0.81 and 0.83 respectively, indicating that it has strong heavy metal extraction and stabilization abilities. Therefore, A. breviligulata Fernald can be selected as a remediation species for heavy metal pollution in the soil around tailings reservoir areas.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.24.513495</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Heavy metal pollution characteristics of soil around a copper-nickel mine tailings pond in the northwest arid area of China and evaluation of desert phytoremediation potential]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.27.513994v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The endogenous modulation of visual plasticity in human adults 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.27.513994v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The adult human visual system can exhibit a degree of neuroplastic change under the right conditions which has implications for future treatments to recover vision loss that have occurred in infancy. The exogenous factors that promote neuroplastic change have been the focus of human psychophysical, electrophysiological and neuroimaging research over the last decade. What has not been considered is the importance of endogenous factors. In this study we modulate the neural oscillations that determines the internal neural state to demonstrate that endogenous factors play a critical role in not only baseline contrast sensitivity but also the extent to which the adult visual system can undergo neuroplastic change in binocular balance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hess, R. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.27.513994</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The endogenous modulation of visual plasticity in human adults]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.31.514506v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Network Occlusion Sensitivity Analysis Identifies Regional Contributions to Brain Age Prediction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.31.514506v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Deep learning frameworks utilizing convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have frequently been used for brain age prediction and have achieved outstanding performance. Nevertheless, deep learning remains a black box as it is hard to interpret which brain parts contribute significantly to the predictions. To tackle this challenge, we first trained a lightweight, fully CNN model for brain age estimation on a large sample data set (N = 3054, age range = [8,80 years]) and tested it on an independent data set (N = 555, mean absolute error (MAE) = 4.45 years, r = 0.96). We then developed an interpretable scheme combining network occlusion sensitivity analysis (NOSA) with a fine-grained human brain atlas to uncover the learned invariance of the model. Our findings show that the dorsolateral, dorsomedial frontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and thalamus had the highest contributions to age prediction across the lifespan. More interestingly, we observed that different regions showed divergent patterns in their predictions for specific age groups and that the bilateral hemispheres contributed differently to the predictions. Regions in the frontal lobe were essential predictors in both the developmental and aging stages with the thalamus remaining relatively stable and saliently correlated with other regional changes throughout the lifespan. The lateral and medial temporal brain regions gradually became involved during the aging phase. At the network level, the frontoparietal and the default mode networks show an inverted U-shape contribution from the developmental to the aging stages. The framework could identify regional contributions to the brain age prediction model, which could help increase the model interpretability when serving as an aging biomarker.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>He, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.31.514506</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Network Occlusion Sensitivity Analysis Identifies Regional Contributions to Brain Age Prediction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.07.515535v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
STAMarker: Determining spatial domain-specific variable genes with saliency maps in deep learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.07.515535v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spatial transcriptomics characterizes gene expression profiles while retaining the information of the spatial context, providing an unprecedented opportunity to understand cellular systems. One of the essential tasks in such data analysis is to determine spatially variable genes (SVGs), which demonstrate spatial expression patterns. Existing methods only consider genes individually and fail to model the inter-dependence of genes. To this end, we present an analytic tool STAMarker for robustly determining spatial domain-specific SVGs with saliency maps in deep learning. STAMarker is a three-stage ensemble framework consisting of graphattention autoencoders, multilayer perceptron (MLP) classifiers, and saliency map computation by the backpropagated gradient. We illustrate the effectiveness of STAMarker and compare it with three competing methods on four spatial transcriptomic data generated by various platforms. STAMarker considers all genes at once and is more robust when the dataset is very sparse. STAMarker could identify spatial domain-specific SVGs for characterizing spatial domains and enable in-depth analysis of the region of interest in the tissue section.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aihara, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.07.515535</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[STAMarker: Determining spatial domain-specific variable genes with saliency maps in deep learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.08.519663v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The more synthetic polymer types pollute the soil, the stronger the growth suppression of invasive alien and native plants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.08.519663v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although most studies on the ecological effects of microplastic pollution focus on a single type of synthetic polymer and a single species, most organisms will be exposed to multiple polymer types simultaneously and the effects may vary among species. To test the effects of polymer diversity on plants, we grew single plants of eight invasive and eight native species in pots with substrate polluted by 0, 1, 3 and 6 types of micro-sized synthetic polymers. We found that the growth suppression by microplastic pollution became stronger with the number of polymer types the plants were exposed to. This tended to be particularly the case for invasive species, whose biomass advantage over natives diminished with the number of polymer types. Our study thus shows that the negative effects of microplastic pollution on plant growth increase with the number of polymer types, and that these effects differ between invasive and native species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Kleunen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.08.519663</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The more synthetic polymer types pollute the soil, the stronger the growth suppression of invasive alien and native plants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.11.519942v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Causal network inference based on cross-validation predictability 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.11.519942v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Identifying causal relations or causal networks among molecules/genes, rather than just their correlations, is of great importance but challenging in biology and medical field, which is essential for unravelling molecular mechanisms of disease progression and developing effective therapies for disease treatment. However, there is still a lack of high-quality causal inference algorithms for any observed data in contrast to time series data. In this study, we developed a new causal concept for any observed data and its causal inference algorithm built on cross-validated predictability (CVP) can quantify the causal effects among molecules/genes in the whole system. The causality was extensively validated by combining a large variety of statistical simulation experiments and available benchmark data (simulated data and various real data). Combining the predicted causal network and the real benchmark network, the CVP algorithm demonstrates high accuracy and strong robustness in comparison with the mainstream algorithms. In particular, the CVP algorithm is robust in identifying reliable driver genes and network biomarkers from the perspective of network biology, with the prediction results outperforming the mainstream conventional methods for predicting driver genes. CRISPR-Cas9 knockdown experiments in the liver cancer have validated that the functional driver genes identified by the CVP algorithm effectively inhibit the growth and colony formation of liver cancer cells. By knockdown experiments, we demonstrated the accuracy and significance of the causality predicted by CVP and identified the novel regulatory targets of functional driver genes SNRNP200 and RALGAPB in the liver cancer. These inferred causal networks explain regulatory patterns in different biological contexts in a clear sense and provide biological insights into molecular mechanisms of disease progression from a causality perspective.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.11.519942</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Causal network inference based on cross-validation predictability]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.26.521888v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrating spatial transcriptomics data across different conditions, technologies, and developmental stages 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.26.521888v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
With the rapid generation of spatial transcriptomics (ST) data, integrative analysis of multiple ST datasets from different conditions, technologies, and developmental stages is becoming increasingly important. However, identifying shared and specific spatial domains across ST datasets of multiple slices remains challenging. To this end, we develop a graph attention neural network STAligner for integrating and aligning ST datasets, enabling spatially-aware data integration, simultaneous spatial domain identification, and downstream comparative analysis. We apply STAligner to the integrative analysis of ST datasets of the human cortex slices from different samples, the mouse olfactory bulb slices generated by two profiling technologies, the mouse hippocampus tissue slices under normal and Alzheimers disease conditions, and the spatiotemporal atlases of mouse organogenesis. STAligner efficiently captures the shared tissue structures across different slices, the disease-related substructures, and the dynamical changes during mouse embryonic development. Additionally, the shared spatial domain and nearest neighbor pairs identified by STAligner can be further considered as corresponding pairs to guide the three-dimensional reconstruction of consecutive slices, achieving more accurate local structure-guided registration results than the existing method.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.26.521888</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrating spatial transcriptomics data across different conditions, technologies, and developmental stages]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.28.522087v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Forces driving transposable element load variation during Arabidopsis range expansion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.28.522087v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genetic load refers to the accumulated and potentially life-threatening deleterious mutations in populations. Understanding the mechanisms underlying genetic load variation of transposable elements (TEs), one major large-effect mutations, during range expansion is an intriguing question in biology. Here, we used 1,115 globally natural accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana, to study the driving forces of TE load variation during its range expansion. The TE load increased with range expansion, especially in the recently established Yangtze River basin population. The effective population size explained 62.0% of the variance in TE load, and high transposition rate and positive selection or hitch-hiking effect contributed to the accumulation of TEs in the expanded populations. We genetically mapped the candidate causal genes or TEs and revealed the genetic architecture of TE load. Overall, this study reveals the variation in the genetic load of TEs during Arabidopsis expansion and highlights the causes of TE load variation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, X.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, X.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ge, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.28.522087</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Forces driving transposable element load variation during Arabidopsis range expansion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.30.522287v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Biphasic curvature-dependence of cell migration inside microcylinders: persistent randomness versus directionality 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.30.522287v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell-scale curvature plays important roles in controlling cell and tissue behaviors. However, these roles have not been well quantified, and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We combine experiments with theory to study systematically the curvature-dependence of cell migration inside PDMS microcylinders. We find that persistence is positively correlated with speed, following the universal speed-persistence coupling relation, i.e., faster cells turn less. Cell migration inside microcylinders is anisotropic and depends on curvature in a biphasic manner. At small curvatures, as curvature increases, the average speed and anisotropy both increase, but surprisingly, the average persistence decreases. Whereas as the curvature increases over some threshold, cells detach from the surface, the average speed and anisotropy both decrease sharply but the average persistence increases. Moreover, interestingly, cells are found to leave paxillins along their trajectories (on curved but not planar surfaces), facilitating the assembly of focal adhesions of following cells. We propose a minimal model for the biphasic curvotaxis based on three mechanisms: the persistent random "noise", the bending penalty of stress fibers, and the cell-surface adhesion. The findings provide a novel and general perspective on directed cell migration in the widely existing curved microenvironment of cells in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.30.522287</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Biphasic curvature-dependence of cell migration inside microcylinders: persistent randomness versus directionality]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.02.522521v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A simple and efficient in planta transformation method based on the active regeneration capacity of plants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.02.522521v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plant genetic transformation strategies serve as essential tools for the genetic engineering and advanced molecular breeding of plants. However, the complicated operational protocol and low efficiency of the current transformation strategies restrict the genetic modification of most plant species. This paper describes the development of a Regenerative Activity-dependent in Planta Injection Delivery (RAPID) method based on the active regeneration capacity of plants. In this method, Agrobacterium tumefaciens was delivered to plant meristems via injection for inducing transfected renascent tissues. Stable transgenic plants were obtained by subsequent vegetative propagation of the positive renascent tissues. The method was successfully applied for the transformation of plants with strong regeneration capacity, including different genotypes of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), potato (Solanum tuberosum), and bayhops (I. pes-caprae). Compared to the traditional transformation methods, RAPID has a markedly high transformation efficiency (up to ~ 40%), shorter duration (less than 4 weeks), and does not require tissue culture procedures. The RAPID method therefore overcomes the limitations of traditional methods for achieving rapid in planta transformation, and can be potentially applied to a wide range of plant species that are capable of active regeneration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mei, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.02.522521</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A simple and efficient in planta transformation method based on the active regeneration capacity of plants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.03.522427v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enhanced transmissibility of XBB.1.5 is contributed by both strong ACE2 binding and antibody evasion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.03.522427v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 recombinant subvariant XBB.1.5 is growing rapidly in the United States, carrying an additional Ser486Pro substitution compared to XBB.1 and outcompeting BQ.1.1 and other XBB sublineages. The underlying mechanism for such high transmissibility remains unclear. Here we show that XBB.1.5 exhibits a substantially higher hACE2-binding affinity compared to BQ.1.1 and XBB/XBB.1. Convalescent plasma samples from BA.1, BA.5, and BF.7 breakthrough infection are significantly evaded by both XBB.1 and XBB.1.5, with XBB.1.5 displaying slightly weaker immune evasion capability than XBB.1. Evusheld and Bebtelovimab could not neutralize XBB.1/XBB.1.5, while Sotrovimab remains weakly reactive and notably, SA55 is still highly effective. The fact that XBB.1 and XBB.1.5 showed comparable antibody evasion but distinct transmissibility suggests enhanced receptor-binding affinity would indeed lead to higher growth advantages. The strong hACE2 binding of XBB.1.5 could also enable its tolerance of further immune escape mutations, which should be closely monitored.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yue, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jian, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.03.522427</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enhanced transmissibility of XBB.1.5 is contributed by both strong ACE2 binding and antibody evasion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.17.524369v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Anti-CRISPR AcrIIC5 is a dsDNA mimic that inhibits type II-C Cas9 effectors by blocking PAM recognition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.17.524369v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Anti-CRISPR proteins are encoded by phages to inhibit the CRISPR-Cas systems of the hosts. AcrIIC5 inhibits several naturally high-fidelity type II-C Cas9 enzymes, including orthologs from Neisseria meningitidis (Nme1Cas9) and Simonsiella muelleri (SmuCas9). Here, we solve the structure of AcrIIC5 in complex with Nme1Cas9 and sgRNA. We show that AcrIIC5 adopts a novel fold to mimic the size and charge distribution of double-stranded DNA, and uses its negatively charged grooves to bind and occlude the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) binding site in the target DNA cleft of Cas9. AcrIIC5 is positioned into the crevice between the WED and PI domains of Cas9, and one end of the anti-CRISPR interacts with the phosphate lock loop and a linker between the RuvC and BH structural domains. We employ biochemical and mutational analyses to build a model for AcrIIC5s mechanism of action, and identify residues on both the anti-CRISPR and Cas9 that are important for their interaction and inhibition. Together, the structure and mechanism of AcrIIC5 reveal convergent evolution among disparate anti-CRISPR proteins that use a DNA-mimic strategy to inhibit diverse CRISPR-Cas surveillance complexes, and provide new insights into a tool for potent inhibition of type II-C Cas9 orthologs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheng, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.17.524369</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Anti-CRISPR AcrIIC5 is a dsDNA mimic that inhibits type II-C Cas9 effectors by blocking PAM recognition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.18.524345v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lhcb9-dependent photosystem I structure in moss reveals evolutionary adaptation to changing light conditions during aquatic-terrestrial transition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.18.524345v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In plants and green algae, light-harvesting complexes I and II (LHCI and LHCII) constitute the antennae of photosystem I (PSI), thus effectively increasing the cross-section of the PSI core. The moss Physcomitrium patens (P. patens) represents a well-studied evolutionary intermediate between green algae and flowering plants. P. patens possesses at least three types of PSI with different antenna sizes. The largest PSI form (PpPSI-L) exhibits a unique organization found neither in flowering plants nor in algae. Its formation is mediated by the P. patens-specific LHC protein, Lhcb9. While previous studies revealed the overall architecture of the PpPSI-L, its assembly details and the relationship between different PpPSI types remain unclear. Here, we report a high-resolution structure of the PpPSI-L. We identified 14 PSI core subunits, one Lhcb9, one phosphorylated LHCII trimer, and eight LHCI monomers arranged as two belts. Our structural analysis established the essential role of Lhcb9 and the phosphorylated LHCII in stabilizing the complex. In addition, our results suggest that PpPSI switches between three different types, which share identical modules. This feature may contribute to the quick and dynamic adjustment of the light-harvesting capability of PSI under different light conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.18.524345</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lhcb9-dependent photosystem I structure in moss reveals evolutionary adaptation to changing light conditions during aquatic-terrestrial transition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.26.525614v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure of human NaV1.6 channel reveals Na+ selectivity and pore blockade by 4,9-anhydro-tetrodotoxin 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.26.525614v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The sodium channel NaV1.6 is widely expressed in neurons of the central and peripheral nervous systems, which plays a critical role in regulating neuronal excitability. Dysfunction of NaV1.6 has been linked to epileptic encephalopathy, intellectual disability and movement disorders. Here we present cryo-EM structures of human NaV1.6/{beta}1/{beta}2 alone and complexed with a guanidinium neurotoxin 4,9-anhydro-tetrodotoxin (4,9-ah-TTX), revealing molecular mechanism of NaV1.6 inhibition by the blocker. In the apo-form structure, two potential Na+ binding sites were revealed in the selectivity filter, suggesting a possible mechanism for Na+ selectivity and conductance. In the 4,9-ah-TTX-bound structure, 4,9-ah-TTX binds to a pocket similar to the tetrodotoxin (TTX) binding site, which occupies the Na+ binding sites and completely blocks the channel. Molecular dynamics simulation results show that subtle conformational differences in the selectivity filter affect the affinity of TTX analogues. Taken together, our results provide important insights into NaV1.6 structure, ion conductance, and inhibition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.26.525614</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure of human NaV1.6 channel reveals Na+ selectivity and pore blockade by 4,9-anhydro-tetrodotoxin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.24.529803v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Zero-shot learning enables instant denoising and super-resolution in optical fluorescence microscopy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.24.529803v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Computational super-resolution (SR) methods, including conventional analytical algorithms and deep learning models, have substantially improved optical microscopy. Among them, supervised deep neural networks have demonstrated outstanding SR performance, however, demanding abundant high-quality training data, which are laborious and even impractical to acquire due to the high dynamics of living cells. Here, we develop zero-shot deconvolution networks (ZS-DeconvNet) that instantly enhance the resolution of microscope images by more than 1.5-fold over the diffraction limit with 10-fold lower fluorescence than ordinary SR imaging conditions in an unsupervised manner without the need for either ground truths or additional data acquisition. We demonstrate the versatile applicability of ZS-DeconvNet on multiple imaging modalities, including total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, three-dimensional (3D) wide-field microscopy, confocal microscopy, lattice light-sheet microscopy, and multimodal structured illumination microscopy (SIM), which enables multi-color, long-term, super-resolution 2D/3D imaging of subcellular bioprocesses from mitotic single cells to multicellular embryos of mouse and C. elegans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qiao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.24.529803</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Zero-shot learning enables instant denoising and super-resolution in optical fluorescence microscopy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.02.530738v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Isolation of ACE2-dependent and -independent sarbecoviruses from Chinese horseshoe bats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.02.530738v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While the spike proteins from SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 bind to host ACE2 to infect cells, the majority of bat sarbecoviruses cannot use ACE2 from any species. Despite their discovery almost 20 years ago, ACE2-independent sarbecoviruses have never been isolated from field samples, leading to the assumption these viruses pose little risk to humans. We have previously shown how spike proteins from a small group of ACE2-independent bat sarbecoviruses may possess the ability to infect human cells in the presence of exogenous trypsin. Here, we adapted our earlier findings into a virus isolation protocol, and recovered two new ACE2-dependent viruses, RsYN2012 and RsYN2016, as well as an ACE2-independent virus, RsHuB2019. Although our stocks of RsHuB2019 rapidly acquired a tissue-culture adaption that rendered the spike protein resistant to trypsin, trypsin was still required for viral entry, suggesting limitations on the exogenous entry factors that support bat sarbecoviruses. Electron microscopy revealed ACE2-independent sarbecoviruses have a prominent spike corona and share similar morphology to other coronaviruses. Our findings demonstrate a broader zoonotic threat posed by sarbecoviruses and shed light onto the intricacies of coronavirus isolation and propagation in vitro.

SIGNIFICANCESeveral coronaviruses have transmitted from animals to people and 20 years of virus discovery studies have uncovered thousands of new coronavirus sequences in nature. Most of the animal-derived sarbecoviruses have never been isolated in culture due to cell incompatibilities and a poor understanding of the in vitro requirements for their propagation. Here, we built on our growing body of work characterizing viral entry mechanisms of bat sarbecoviruses in human cells and have developed a virus isolation protocol that allows for exploration of these understudied viruses. Our protocol is robust and practical, leading to successful isolation of more sarbecoviruses than previous approaches and from field samples that had been collected over a 10-year longitudinal study.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, T.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Si, H.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ben, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Letko, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.02.530738</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Isolation of ACE2-dependent and -independent sarbecoviruses from Chinese horseshoe bats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.09.531726v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Complexity of Functional Connectivity Profiles of the Subgenual Anterior Cingulate Cortex and Dorsal Lateral Prefrontal Cortex in Major Depressive Disorder: a DIRECT Consortium Study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.09.531726v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) plays a central role in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD), and its functional interactive profile with the left dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is associated with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment outcomes. Nevertheless, previous research on sgACC functional connectivity (FC) in MDD has yielded inconsistent results, partly due to small sample sizes and limited statistical power. Furthermore, calculating sgACC-FC to target TMS individually is challenging.

MethodsLeveraging a large multi-site cross-sectional sample (1660 MDD patients vs. 1341 healthy controls) from Phase II of the Depression Imaging REsearch ConsorTium (DIRECT), we systematically delineated case-control difference maps of sgACC-FC. Then, we explored the potential impact of such group-level abnormality profiles on the TMS target localization and clinical efficacy. Next, we developed an MDD big data-guided individualized TMS targeting algorithm to integrate group-level statistical maps with individual-level brain activity to localize TMS targets individually.

ResultsWe found an enhanced sgACC-DLPFC FC in MDD patients compared to healthy controls (HC). Such group differences altered the position of the sgACC anti-correlation peak in the left DLPFC. In two independent clinical samples, we showed that the magnitude of TMS targets case-control differences in sgACC FC was related to clinical improvement. The MDD big data-guided individualized TMS targeting algorithm may generate individualized TMS targets that are clinically superior to group-level targets.

InterpretationWe reliably delineated MDD-related abnormalities of sgACC-FC profiles in a large, independently ascertained sample and demonstrated the potential impact of such case-control differences on FC-guided localization of TMS targets.

FundingMinistry of Science and Technology of the Peoples Republic of China, National Natural Science Foundation of China, and Chinese Academy of Sciences
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, Y.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blumberger, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castellanos, F. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, L.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, G.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, T.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Y.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, Z.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, S.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, X.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, Z.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, Q.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, W.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Z.-J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, X.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, F.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lian, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, J.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shan, X.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Si, T.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, P.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, C.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, G.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.09.531726</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Complexity of Functional Connectivity Profiles of the Subgenual Anterior Cingulate Cortex and Dorsal Lateral Prefrontal Cortex in Major Depressive Disorder: a DIRECT Consortium Study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.13.532390v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatially aware self-representation learning for tissue structure characterization and spatial functional genes identification 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.13.532390v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spatially resolved transcriptomics (SRT) enable the comprehensive characterization of transcriptomic profiles in the context of tissue microenvironments. Unveiling spatial transcriptional heterogeneity needs to effectively incorporate spatial information accounting for the substantial spatial correlation of expression measurements. Here, we develop a computational method, SpaSRL (spatially aware self-representation learning), which flexibly enhances and decodes spatial transcriptional signals to simultaneously achieve spatial domain detection and spatial functional genes identification. This novel tunable spatially aware strategy of SpaSRL not only balances spatial and transcriptional coherence for the two tasks, but also can transfer spatial correlation constraint between them based on a unified model. Additionally, this joint analysis by SpaSRL deciphers accurate and fine-grained tissue structures and ensures the effective extraction of biologically informative genes underlying spatial architecture. We verified the superiority of SpaSRL on spatial domain detection, spatial functional genes identification and data denoising using multiple SRT datasets obtained by different platforms and tissue sections. Our results illustrate SpaSRLs utility in flexible integration of spatial information and novel discovery of biological insights from spatial transcriptomic datasets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.13.532390</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatially aware self-representation learning for tissue structure characterization and spatial functional genes identification]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.06.535793v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Substrate specificity and functional conservation of SWEET10 transporter in pineapple 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.06.535793v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
O_LISWEET transporters are a unique class of sugar transporters that play vital roles in various developmental and physiological processes in plants.
C_LIO_LIWhile the functions of SWEETs have been well established in model plants such as Arabidopsis, their functions in economically important fruit crops like pineapple have not been well studied.
C_LIO_LIThis study investigated the substrate specificity of pineapple SWEETs by comparing the protein sequences of known glucose and sucrose transporters in Arabidopsis to those in pineapple.
C_LIO_LIGenome-wide approach and 3D structure comparison showed that the Arabidopsis SWEET8 homolog in pineapple, AcSWEET10, shares similar sequences and protein properties responsible for glucose transport. To determine the functional conservation of AcSWEET10, its ability to complement glucose transport mutants in yeast, its expression in stamens, and its impact on the microspore phenotype and seed set in transgenic Arabidopsis were analyzed.
C_LIO_LIAcSWEET10 was found to be functionally equivalent to AtSWEET8 and plays a critical role in regulating microspore formation through the regulation of CalS5.
C_LIO_LIManipulating SWEET transporter activity could have important implications for improving fruit crop yield and quality.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fakher, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashraf, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aslam, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.06.535793</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Substrate specificity and functional conservation of SWEET10 transporter in pineapple]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.19.537591v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Apolipoprotein B and Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist: Reversing the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.19.537591v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundEpidemiological evidence for the link of interleukin 1 (IL-1) and its inhibition with coronary heart disease (CHD) remains controversial. We aim to investigate the cardiovascular effects of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) and underlying mechanisms, as well as the potential interaction with lifestyle factors.

MethodsA comprehensive multivariable Mendelian randomization study was performed. Genetic variants identified from a genome-wide association study involving 30,931 individuals were used as instrumental variables for the serum IL-1Ra concentrations. Genetic associations with CHD (60,801 cases and 123,504 controls) were extracted from the CARDIoGRAMplusC4D consortium. Inverse-variance weighted method was utilized to derive effect estimates, while supplementary analyses employing various statistical approaches.

ResultsGenetically determined IL-1Ra level was associated with increased risk of CHD (odds ratio (OR), 1.07; 95% CI: 1.03-1.17) and myocardial infarction (OR, 1.13; 95% CI: 1.04-1.21). The main results remained consistent in supplementary analyses. Besides, IL-1Ra was associated with circulating levels of various lipoprotein lipids, apolipoproteins and fasting glucose. Interestingly, observed association pattern with CHD was reversed when adjusting for apolipoprotein B (OR, 0.84; 95%CI: 0.71-0.99) and slightly attenuated on accounting for other cardiometabolic risk factors. Appropriate lifestyle intervention was found to lower IL-1Ra concentration and mitigate the heightened CHD risk it posed.

ConclusionsApolipoprotein B represents the key driver, and a potential target for reversal of the causal link between serum IL-1Ra and increased risk of CHD/MI. The combined therapy involving IL-1 inhibition and lipid-modifying treatment aimed at apolipoprotein B merit further exploration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huangfu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.19.537591</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Apolipoprotein B and Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist: Reversing the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.05.539533v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pathogen protein modularity enables elaborate mimicry of a host phosphatase 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.05.539533v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pathogens produce diverse effector proteins to manipulate host cellular processes. However, how functional diversity is generated in an effector repertoire is poorly understood. Many effectors in the devastating plant pathogen Phytophthora contain tandem repeats of the "(L)WY" motif, which are structurally conserved but variable in sequences. Here, we discovered a functional module formed by a specific (L)WY-LWY combination in multiple Phytophthora effectors, which efficiently recruit the Serine/Threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) core enzyme in plant hosts. Crystal structure of an effector-PP2A complex shows that the (L)WY-LWY module enables hijacking of the host PP2A core enzyme to form functional holoenzymes. While sharing the PP2A-interacting module at the amino terminus, these effectors possess divergent C-terminal LWY units and regulate distinct sets of phosphoproteins in the host. Our results highlight the appropriation of an essential host phosphatase through molecular mimicry by pathogens and diversification promoted by protein modularity in an effector repertoire.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sklenar, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Derbyshire, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hulin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menke, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.05.539533</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pathogen protein modularity enables elaborate mimicry of a host phosphatase]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.13.540645v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PepPre: Promote Peptide Identification Using Accurate and Comprehensive Precursors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.13.540645v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accurate and comprehensive peptide precursor ions are crucial to tandem mass spectrometry-based peptide identification. An identification engine can greatly benefit from the search space reduction hinted by credible and detailed precursors. Additionally, both the number of identifications and the spectrum explainability can be increased by considering multiple precursors per spectrum. Here, we propose PepPre, which detects precursors by decomposing peaks into multiple isotope clusters using linear programming methods. The detected precursors are scored and ranked, and the high-scoring ones are used for the following peptide identification. PepPre is evaluated both on regular and cross-linked peptides datasets, and compared with 11 methods in this paper. The experimental results show that PepPre achieves 203% more PSM and 68% more peptide identifications than instrument software for regular peptides, and 99% more PSM and 27% more peptide pair identifications for cross-linked peptides, which also outperforms all other evaluated methods. In addition to the increased identification numbers, further credibility evaluation evidence that the identifications are credible. Moreover, by widening the isolation window of data acquisition from 2 Th to 8 Th, the engine is able to identify at least 64% more PSMs with PepPre, demonstrating the potential advantages of large isolation windows.

Graphical TOC Entry

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=83 SRC="FIGDIR/small/540645v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (5K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1272a3corg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@45e25aorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@f83e0org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@9b04e7_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tarn, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.13.540645</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PepPre: Promote Peptide Identification Using Accurate and Comprehensive Precursors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.19.541548v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Telomere-to-telomere genome of the model plant Physcomitrium patens 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.19.541548v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The model plant Physcomitrium patens (P. patens) has played a pivotal role in enhancing our comprehension of plant evolution, growth, and development. However, the current genome harbors numerous intricate regions that remain unfinished and erroneous. To address these issues, we present an exemplary assembly of the P. patens nuclear genome, which incorporates telomeres and centromere regions, thereby establishing it as the telomere-to-telomere (T2T) genome in a non-seed plant. This T2T genome not only dispels the prevailing misconception regarding chromosome number in P. patens but also provides indispensable resources for conducting in-depth studies in moss genomics and biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.19.541548</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Telomere-to-telomere genome of the model plant Physcomitrium patens]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.30.542832v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In-cell structural insight into the stability of sperm microtubule doublet 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.30.542832v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The propulsion for mammalian sperm swimming is generated by flagella beating. Microtubule doublets (DMTs) along with microtubule inner proteins (MIPs) are essential structural blocks of flagella. However, the intricate molecular architecture of sperm DMT remains elusive. Here, by in situ cryo-electron tomography, we solved the in-cell structure of mouse sperm DMT up to 3.6 [A] resolution and built its model with 36 kinds of MIPs in 48 nm periodicity. We identified multiple copies of Tektin5 that reinforce Tektin bundle, and multiple MIPs with different periodicities that anchor the Tektin bundle to tubulin wall. This architecture contributes to a superior stability of A-tubule than B-tubule of DMT, which was revealed by structural comparison of DMTs from the intact and deformed axonemes. Our work provides an overall molecular picture of sperm DMT that is essential to understand the molecular mechanism of sperm motility as well as the related ciliopathies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.30.542832</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In-cell structural insight into the stability of sperm microtubule doublet]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.18.545464v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
EquiScore: A generic protein-ligand interaction scoring method integrating physical prior knowledge with data augmentation modeling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.18.545464v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Developing robust methods for evaluating protein-ligand interactions has been a long-standing problem. Here, we propose a novel approach called EquiScore, which utilizes an equivariant heterogeneous graph neural network to integrate physical prior knowledge and characterize protein-ligand interactions in equivariant geometric space. To improve generalization performance, we constructed a dataset called PDBscreen and designed multiple data augmentation strategies suitable for training scoring methods. We also analyzed potential risks of data leakage in commonly used data-driven modeling processes and proposed a more stringent redundancy removal scheme to alleviate this problem. On two large external test sets, EquiScore outperformed 21 methods across a range of screening performance metrics, and this performance was insensitive to binding pose generation methods. EquiScore also showed good performance on the activity ranking task of a series of structural analogs, indicating its potential to guide lead compound optimization. Finally, we investigated different levels of interpretability of EquiScore, which may provide more insights into structure-based drug design.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cao, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.18.545464</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[EquiScore: A generic protein-ligand interaction scoring method integrating physical prior knowledge with data augmentation modeling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.02.547301v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Natural Circulation of Tick-borne Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in the City Ecosystem, China 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.02.547301v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is rapidly expanding its range in China, because of the accelerated spread of the parthenogenetic Haemaphysalis longicornis, Asian long-horned tick (ALT). In this letter, we report the urban circulation of SFTSV between ALTs and hedgehogs in Beijing, China.

HighlightsHedgehogs and ALTs can maintain the natural circulation of SFTSV in the city ecosystem.

Hedgehogs and ALTs are becoming common in Beijing.

Parthenogenetic ALTs are discovered in Beijing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zheng, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Si, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.02.547301</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Natural Circulation of Tick-borne Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in the City Ecosystem, China]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.12.548775v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Visualizing translating dynamics in situ at high spatial and temporal resolution in eukaryotic cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.12.548775v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many protein complexes are highly dynamic in cells, characterizing their conformational changes in cells is crucial for unraveling their functions. In this report, using cryo-electron microscopy, 451,700 ribosome particles from Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell lamellae were obtained to solve the 60S region to 2.9 [A] resolution by in situ single particle analysis. Over 20 distinct conformations were identified by 3D classification with resolutions typically higher than 4 [A]. These conformations were used to reconstruct a complete elongation cycle of eukaryotic translation with elongation factors. We found that compact eEF2 anchors to the partially rotated ribosome after subunit rolling, and hypothesize that it stabilizes the local conformation for peptidyl transfer. Moreover, an open eEF3 binding to a fully rotated ribosome was observed, whose conformational change was coupled with head swiveling and body back-rotation of the 40S subunit.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chunling, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Junxi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.12.548775</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Visualizing translating dynamics in situ at high spatial and temporal resolution in eukaryotic cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.25.550597v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Atypical Biological Motion Perception in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Dissociating the Roles of Local Motion and Global Configuration Processing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.25.550597v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Perceiving biological motion (BM) is crucial for human survival and social interaction. Many studies have reported impaired BM perception in autism spectrum disorder, which is characterised by deficits in social interaction. Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often exhibit similar difficulties in social interaction. However, few studies have investigated BM perception in children with ADHD. Here, we compared differences in the ability to process local kinematic and global configurational cues, two fundamental abilities of BM perception, between typically developing and ADHD children. We further investigated the relationship between BM perception and social interaction skills measured using the Social Responsiveness Scale and examined the contributions of latent factors (e.g., sex, age, attention, and intelligence) to BM perception. The results revealed that children with ADHD exhibited atypical BM perception. Local and global BM processing showed distinct features. Local BM processing ability was related to social interaction skills, whereas global BM processing ability significantly improved with age. Critically, general BM perception (i.e., both local and global BM processing) may be affected by sustained attentional ability in children with ADHD. This relationship was primarily mediated by reasoning intelligence. These findings elucidate atypical BM perception in ADHD and the latent factors related to BM perception. Moreover, this study provides new evidence that BM perception is a hallmark of social cognition and advances our understanding of the potential roles of local and global processing in BM perception and social cognitive disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tian, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.25.550597</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Atypical Biological Motion Perception in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Dissociating the Roles of Local Motion and Global Configuration Processing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.14.553309v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The longitudinal single-cell panorama of cynomolgus monkey ovary throughout lifespan revealed a conserved ovarian clock between primates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.14.553309v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ovarian function is critical for female fertility and impacts reproductive longevity. It is of great importance to accurately predict the aging process within the ovary for fertility assessment and disease diagnosis. However, cell metrics for evaluating the ovarian aging rate are still in urgent need, and molecular insights into ovarian development and dysfunction during the primate life course are also limited. Here, we reported large-scale ovarian cell atlas of consecutive development of cynomolgus monkeys across 22 years with 20 time points, covering the foetal, newborn, prepubertal, pubertal, adult, perimenopausal and menopausal stages. We characterized and validated distinct molecular signatures of each cluster of cells within primate ovaries, and uncovered a previously undocumented RHOXF1-positive oocyte type during primordial follicle assembly in primates. Furthermore, the constitution and developmental trajectories of primate germ cells, granulosa cells and stromal / theca cells were also elucidated, and their precursors were identified. More importantly, dynamics of cellular compositions were unravelled through the ovarian development, featured by granulosa, epithelial, stromal, and immune cells that showed strong temporal heterogeneity spanning lifetime, whilst referred to the key function during the corresponding stages. Based on the correlations of each cell type with age and stage-specific molecular dynamics, we further constructed a transcriptomic ovarian clock which could perceive an effective biological age prediction of the ovary and further applied to humans. The findings reveal granulosa, epithelial, and stromal cells as the highest performance predictors of ovarian biological age, while highlighting the crucial role of AGE-RAGE and Relaxin signaling pathways in regulating ovarian aging. Our work not only provide valuable resource for obtaining insights into the development, aging and dysfunction of key organs, but also establish a transcriptomic clock to predict biological ovarian aging thus to be potential clinical implementation in future.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhai, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.14.553309</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The longitudinal single-cell panorama of cynomolgus monkey ovary throughout lifespan revealed a conserved ovarian clock between primates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.21.554066v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural insights into DNA Topoisomerase II of African Swine Fever Virus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.21.554066v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Type II topoisomerases are ubiquitous enzymes that play a pivotal role in modulating the topological configuration of dsDNA. These Topo enzymes are indispensable for DNA metabolism and have been extensively investigated in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. However, understanding of virus-encoded Topo II remains limited. One intriguing example is the African swine fever virus (ASFV), which stands as the sole mammalian-infecting virus encoding a Topo II. In this work, we utilized multiple approaches involving cryo-EM, X-ray crystallography, atomic force microscopy and biochemical assays to investigate the structure and function of ASFV Topo , pP1192R. We determined the structures of pP1192R in different conformational states and confirming its enzymatic activity in vitro. Collectively, our results unveil the basic mechanisms of viral Topo II, thereby not only augmenting our understanding of this kind of intriguing enzymes but also presenting a potential avenue for the intervention strategies to mitigate the impact of African swine fever virus.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.21.554066</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural insights into DNA Topoisomerase II of African Swine Fever Virus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.26.554922v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In situ structural insights into the excitation contraction coupling mechanism of skeletal muscle 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.26.554922v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) is a fundamental mechanism in control of skeletal muscle contraction and occurs at triad junctions, where dihydropyridine receptors (DHPRs) on transverse tubules sense excitation signals and then cause calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum via coupling to type 1 ryanodine receptors (RyR1s), inducing the subsequent contraction of muscle filaments. However, the molecular mechanism remains unclear due to the lack of structural details. Here, we explored the nanometre-resolution architecture of triad junction by cryo-electron tomography, solved the in situ structure of RyR1 in complex with FKBP12 and calmodulin, and discovered the intact RyR1-DHPR supercomplex. RyR1s arrange into two rows on the terminal cisternae membrane by forming right-hand corner-to-corner contacts, and tetrads of DHPRs bind to RyR1s in an alternating manner, forming another two rows on the transverse tubule membrane. Such unique arrangement is important for synergistic calcium release and provides direct evidence of physical coupling in ECC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, C.-c.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.26.554922</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In situ structural insights into the excitation contraction coupling mechanism of skeletal muscle]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/216226v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ennet: exert enhaner-only somatic mutations to discover potential cancer-driving biological networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/216226v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Whole genome sequencing technology has facilitated the discovery of a large number of somatic mutations in enhancers (SMEs), whereas the utility of SMEs in tumorigenesis has not been fully explored. Here we present Ennet, a method to comprehensively investigate SMEs enriched networks (SME-networks) in cancer by integrating SMEs, enhancer-gene interactions and gene-gene interactions. Using Ennet, we performed a pan-cancer analysis in 2004 samples from 8 cancer types and found many well-known cancer drivers were involved in the SME-networks, including ESR1, SMAD3, MYC, EGFR, BCL2 and PAX5. Meanwhile, Ennet also identified many new networks with less characterization but have potentially important roles in cancer, including a large SME-network in medulloblastoma (MB), which contains genes enriched in the glutamate receptor and neural development pathways. Interestingly, SME-networks are specific across cancer types, and the vast majority of the genes identified by Ennet have few mutations in gene bodies. Collectively, our work suggests that using enhancer-only somatic mutations can be an effective way to discover potential cancer-driving networks. Ennet provides a new perspective to explore new mechanisms for tumor progression from SMEs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cui, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/216226</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ennet: exert enhaner-only somatic mutations to discover potential cancer-driving biological networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/285593v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Large-scale gene losses underlie the genome evolution of parasitic plant Cuscuta australis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/285593v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dodders (Cuscuta spp., Convolvulaceae) are globally distributed root- and leafless parasitic plants that parasitize a wide range of hosts. The physiology, ecology, and evolution of these obligate parasites are still poorly understood. A high-quality reference genome (size 266.74 Mb and contig N50 of 3.63 Mb) of Cuscuta australis was assembled. Our analyses reveal that Cuscuta experienced accelerated evolution, and Cuscuta and the convolvulaceous morning glory (Ipomoea) shared a common whole-genome triplication event before their divergence. Importantly, C. australis genome harbors only 19805 protein-coding genes, and 11.7% of the conserved orthologs in autotrophic plants are lost in C. australis. Many of these gene loss events likely result from the plants parasitic lifestyle and large changes in its body plan. Moreover, comparison of the gene expression patterns in Cuscuta prehaustoria/haustoria and various tissues of closely related autotrophic plants suggests that Cuscuta haustorium genes largely evolved from roots. The C. australis genome provides important resources for studying the evolution of parasitism, regressive evolution, and evo-devo in plant parasites.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hettenhausen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baldwin, I. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/285593</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Large-scale gene losses underlie the genome evolution of parasitic plant Cuscuta australis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/444778v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dietary lysozyme supplement alters serum biochemical makers and milk metabolite profile of sows via gut microbiota 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/444778v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lysozyme is an important antimicrobial agent with promising future in replacing antibiotics in livestok production. The aim of current study was to determine variations in sows gut microbiota, serum immunity and breast milk metabolite profile mediated by lysozyme supplementation.Thirty-six pregnant sows were assigned to a control group without supplementation and two treatments with 0.5 g/kg and 1.0 g/kg lysozyme provided in formula feed for 21days. Microbiota analysis based on 16s RNA high-throughput sequencing and untargeted liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry were applied and combined in analysis. Serum biochemical indicators and immunoglobulins were also determined. Sows received 1.0kg/t lyszoyme treatment shown significant redution in microbial diversity. Spirochaetes, Euryarchaeota and Actinobacteria significantly increased while Firmicutes showed a remarkable reduction in 1.0kg/t treated group compared with control. Pyrimidine metabolism,Purine metabolism and Amino acid related enzymes were significantly upregulated in 1.0kg/t lysozyme treated group. The richness of gram-positive bacteria were significantly down-regulated by lysozyme treatments. Serum aspartate transaminase (AST) activity was significantly un-regulated. Serum IgM levels were significantly higher in the 1.0 kg/t group compared with control, while IgA levels was significantly lower in 1.0kg/t group. Over thirty metabolites from sows breast milk including L-Glutamine,creatine and L-Arginine were sigficantly altered by lysozyme treatment. There existed crucial correlations among gut microbiota, serum immunity and breast milk metabolites where lactobacillus and prevotella may play a key role in lysozyme mediated host-microbial interactions. Overall, lysozyme supplementation could effectively improve the composition, metabolic functions and phenotypes of sows gut microbiota and it also benefit sows with better immune status and breast milk composition.nnImportanceEnteric infections caused by pathogens have a significant negative effect on neonatal survival and animal health in swine production. The application of antibiotics in feeds at subtherapeutic levels could improve performance and overall health and is used extensively throughout the industry. However, abuse of antibiotics is contributing to the high level of drug resistance in microbial communities and rising concerns regarding human health. Here, we revealed that lysozyme supplementation could effectively improve the composition, metabolic functions and phenotypes of sows gut microbiota and it also benefit sows with better immune status and breast milk composition. These findings confirmed that lysozyme could be a suitable alternative to antibiotics in swine production.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/444778</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dietary lysozyme supplement alters serum biochemical makers and milk metabolite profile of sows via gut microbiota]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/603175v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolution of Auxin Response Factors in plants characterized by phylogenomic synteny network analyses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/603175v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Auxin response factors (ARFs) have long been a research focus and represent a class of key regulators of plant growth and development. Previous studies focusing genes from limited number of species were unable to uncover the evolutionary trajectory of this family. Here, more than 3,500 ARFs collected from plant genomes and transcriptomes covering major streptophyte lineages were used to reconstruct the broad-scale family phylogeny, where the early origin and diversification of ARF in charophytes was delineated. Based on the family phylogeny, we proposed a unified six-group classification system for angiosperm ARFs. Phylogenomic synteny network analyses revealed the deeply conserved genomic syntenies within each of the six ARF groups and the interlocking syntenic relationships connecting distinct groups. Recurrent duplication events, such as those that occurred in seed plant, angiosperms, core eudicots and grasses contributed the expansion of ARF genes which facilitated functional diversification. Ancestral transposition activities in important plant families, including crucifers, legumes and grasses, were unveiled by synteny network analyses. Ancestral gene duplications along with transpositions have profound evolutionary significance which may have accelerated the functional diversification process of paralogues. Our study provides insights into the evolution of ARFs which will enhance our current understandings for this important transcription factor family.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oliver, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/603175</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolution of Auxin Response Factors in plants characterized by phylogenomic synteny network analyses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/603191v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrated phylogenomic analyses reveal recurrent ancestral large-scale duplication events in mosses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/603191v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
O_LIMosses (Bryophyta) are a key group occupying important phylogenetic position for understanding land plant (embryophyte) evolution. The class Bryopsida represents the most diversified lineage and contains more than 95% of the modern mosses, whereas the other classes are by nature species-poor. The phylogeny of mosses remains elusive at present.nC_LIO_LIRecurrent whole genome duplications have shaped the evolution trajectory of angiosperms, but little is known about the genome evolutionary history in mosses. It remains to be answered if there existed a historical genome duplication event associated with the species radiation of class Bryopsida.nC_LIO_LIHere, the high-confidence moss phylogeny was generated covering major moss lineages. Two episodes of ancient genomic duplication events were elucidated by phylogenomic analyses, one in the ancestry of all mosses and another before the separation of the Bryopsida, Polytrichopsida and Tetraphidopsida, with estimated ages of the gene duplications clustered around 329 and 182 million year ago, respectively.nC_LIO_LIThe third episode of polyploidy event (termed {psi}) was tightly associated with the early diversification of Bryopsida with an estimated age of ~87 million years. By scrutinizing the phylogenetic timing of duplicated syntelogs in Physcomitrella patens, the WGD1 and WGD2 events were confidently re-recognized as the {psi} event and the Funarioideae duplication event (~65 mya), respectively. Together, our findings unveiled four episodes of polyploidy events in the evolutionary past of Physcomitrella patens.nC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wood, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oliver, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/603191</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrated phylogenomic analyses reveal recurrent ancestral large-scale duplication events in mosses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/666271v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RobustClone: A robust PCA method of tumor clone and evolution inference from single-cell sequencing data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/666271v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-cell sequencing (SCS) data provide unprecedented insights into intratumoral heterogeneity. With SCS, we can better characterize clonal genotypes and build phylogenetic relationships of tumor cells/clones. However, high technical errors bring much noise into the genetic data, thus limiting the application of evolutionary tools in the large reservoir. To recover the low-dimensional subspace of tumor subpopulations from error-prone SCS data in the presence of corrupted and/or missing elements, we developed an efficient computational framework, termed RobustClone, to recover the true genotypes of subclones based on the low-rank matrix factorization method of extended robust principal component analysis (RPCA) and reconstruct the subclonal evolutionary tree. RobustClone is a model-free method, fast and scalable to large-scale datasets. We conducted a set of systematic evaluations on simulated datasets and demonstrated that RobustClone outperforms state-of-the-art methods, both in accuracy and efficiency. We further validated RobustClone on 2 single-cell SNV and 2 single-cell CNV datasets and demonstrated that RobustClone could recover genotype matrix and infer the subclonal evolution tree accurately under various scenarios. In particular, RobustClone revealed the spatial progression patterns of subclonal evolution on the large-scale 10X Genomics scCNV breast cancer dataset. RobustClone software is available at https://github.com/ucasdp/RobustClone.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/666271</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RobustClone: A robust PCA method of tumor clone and evolution inference from single-cell sequencing data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/693051v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Construct a molecular associations network to systematically understand intermolecular associations in Human cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/693051v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A key aim of post-genomic biomedical research is to systematically integrate and model all molecules and their interactions in living cells. Existing research usually only focusing on the associations between individual or very limited type of molecules. But the interactions between molecules shouldnt be isolated but interconnected and influenced. In this study, we revealed, constructed and analyzed a large-scale molecular association network of multiple biomolecules in human cells by modeling all associations among lncRNA, miRNA, protein, circRNA, microbe, drug, and disease, in which various associations are interconnected and any type of associations can be predicted. More specifically, we defined the molecular associations network and constructed a molecular associations dataset containing 105546 associations. Then, each node is represented by its attribute feature and network embedding learned by Structural Deep Network Embedding. Moreover, Random Forest is trained to predict any kind of associations. And we compared the features and classifiers under five-fold cross-validation. Our method achieves a remarkable performance on entire molecular associations network with an AUC of 0.9552 and an AUPR of 0.9338. To further evaluate the performance of our method, a case study for predicting lncRNA-protein interactions was executed. The experimental results demonstrate that the systematic insight for understanding the synergistic interactions between various molecules and complex diseases. It is anticipated that this work can bring beneficial inspiration and advance related systems biology and biomedical research.nnAuthor SummaryThe interactions between the various biomolecules in the cells should not be isolated, but interconnected and influenced. There have been many valuable studies on the interactions between two individual molecules. Based on a systematic and holistic perspective, we revealed and constructed a large-scale molecular associations network by combining various associations in human living cells, including miRNA-lncRNA association, miRNA-disease association, miRNA-protein interaction, lncRNA-disease association, protein-protein interaction, protein-disease association, drug-protein interaction, drug-disease interaction, and lncRNA-protein interaction. To model and analyze this molecular associations network, we employed the network representation learning model to learn how to represent the node. Each node in the network can be represented by network embedding and its own attribute information. Any node can be classified. And any type of the associations in this network can be predicted, which can be considered as link prediction task. Our work provides a new systematic view and conceptual framework to understand complex diseases and life activities. It is anticipated that our study can advance related biological macromolecules, systems biology and biomedical research, and bring some meaningful inspiration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yi, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>You, Z.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Z.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/693051</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Construct a molecular associations network to systematically understand intermolecular associations in Human cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/721290v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Joint reconstruction of cis-regulatory interaction networks across multiple tissues using single-cell chromatin accessibility data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/721290v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The rapid accumulation of single-cell chromatin accessibility data offers a unique opportunity to investigate common and specific regulatory mechanisms across different cell types. However, existing methods for cis-regulatory network reconstruction using single-cell chromatin accessibility data were only designed for cells belonging to one cell type, and resulting networks may be incomparable directly due to diverse cell numbers of different cell types. Here, we adopt a computational method to jointly reconstruct cis-regulatory interaction maps (JRIM) of multiple cell populations based on patterns of co-accessibility in single-cell data. We applied JRIM to explore common and specific regulatory interactions across multiple tissues from single-cell ATAC-seq dataset containing ~80,000 cells across 13 mouse tissues. Reconstructed common interactions among 13 tissues indeed relate to basic biological functions, and individual cis-regulatory network shows strong tissue specificity and functional relevance. More importantly, tissue-specific regulatory interactions are mediated by coordination of histone modifications and tissue related TFs, and many of them reveal novel regulatory mechanisms (e.g., a kidney-specific promoter-enhancer loop of clock-controlled gene Gys2).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dong, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/721290</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Joint reconstruction of cis-regulatory interaction networks across multiple tissues using single-cell chromatin accessibility data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/745364v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamic response of RNA editing to temperature in Grape by RNA deep-sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/745364v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RNA editing is a post-transcriptional process of modifying genetic information on RNA molecules, which provides cells an additional level of gene expression regulation. Unlike mammals, in land plants, RNA editing converts C to U residues in organelles. However, its potential role in response to different stressors (heat, salt and so on) remains unclear. Grape is one of the most popular and economically important fruits in the world, and its production, like other crops, must deal with abiotic and biotic stresses, which cause reductions in yield and fruit quality. In our study, we tested the influence of the environmental factor temperature on RNA processing in the whole mRNA from grape organelle. In total, we identified 123 and 628 RNA editing in chloroplast and mitochondria respectively with the average editing extent nearly ~60%. The analyses revealed that number of non-synonymous editing sites were higher than that of synonymous editing sites, and the amino acid substitution type tend to be hydrophobic. Additionally, the overall editing level decreased with the temperature rises, especially several gene transcripts in chloroplast and mitochondria (matK, ndhB etc.). 245 sites were furthermore determined as stress-responsive sites candidates. We also found that the expression level of PPR genes decreased with the temperature rises, which may contribute to the loss of RNA editing at high temperature. Our findings suggest that the RNA editing events are very sensitive to high temperature, the changes of amino acid in these genes may contribute to the stress adaption for grape.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, a.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>jiang, x.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>zhang, x.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/745364</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamic response of RNA editing to temperature in Grape by RNA deep-sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/760421v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Admistration of Exogenous Melatonin Improves the Diurnal Rhythms of Gut Microbiota in High Fat Diet-Fed Mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/760421v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Melatonin, a circadian hormone, has been reported to improve host lipid metabolism by reprogramming gut microbiota, which also exhibits rhythmicity in a light/dark cycle. However, the effect of admistartion of exogenous melatonin on the diurnal variation in gut microbiota in high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice is obscure. Here, we further confirmed the anti-obesogenic effect of melatonin on in mice feed with HFD for two weeks. Samples were collected every 4 h within a 24-h period and diurnal rhythms of clock genes expression (Clock, Cry1, Cry2, Per1, and Per2) and serum lipid indexes varied with diurnal time. Notably, Clock and triglycerides (TG) showed a marked rhythm only in the control and melatonin treated mice, but not in the HFD-fed mice. Rhythmicity of these parameters were similar between control and melatonin treated HFD mice compared with the HFD group, indicating an improvement of melatonin in the diurnal clock of host metabolism in HFD-fed mice. 16S rDNA sequencing showed that most microbiota exhibited a daily rhythmicity and the trends differentiated at different groups and different time points. We also identified several specific microbiota correlating with the circadian clock genes and serum lipid indexes, which might contribute the potential mechanism of melatonin in HFD-fed mice. Interestingly, administration of exogenous melatonin only at daytime exhibited higher resistance to HFD-induced lipid dysmetabolism than nighttime treatment companying with altered gut microbiota (Lactobacillus, Intestinimonas, and Oscillibacter). Importantly, the responses of microbiota transplanted mice to HFD feeding also varied at different transplanting times (8:00 and 16:00) and different microbiota donors. In summary, daily oscillations in the expression of circadian clock genes, serum lipid indexes, and gut microbiota, appears to be driven by a short-time feeding of an HFD. Administration of exogenous melatonin improved the compositions and diurnal rhythmicity of gut microbiota, which might be linked to host diurnal rhythm and metabolism.nnImportancePrevious studies show that a circadian hormone, melatonin, involves in host lipid metabolism by reprogramming gut microbiota, which also exhibits rhythmicity in a light/dark cycle. However, the effect of melatonin drinking on the diurnal variation in gut microbiota in high fat diet-fed mice is obscure. Here, we found that 24-h oscillations were widely occurred in circadian clock genes, serum lipid indexes, and gut microbiota. Melatonin drinking improved the compositions and circadian rhythmicity of gut microbiota, which might be linked to host circadian rhythm and metabolism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baba, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tosini, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/760421</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Admistration of Exogenous Melatonin Improves the Diurnal Rhythms of Gut Microbiota in High Fat Diet-Fed Mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/816066v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In Vivo Neuroregeneration to Treat Ischemic Stroke in Adult Non-Human Primate Brains through NeuroD1 AAV-based Gene Therapy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/816066v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability but most of the clinical trials have failed in the past, despite our increasing understanding of the molecular and pathological mechanisms underlying stroke. While many signaling pathways have been identified in the aftermath of stroke, the majority of current approaches are focusing on neural protection rather than neuroregeneration. In this study, we report an in vivo neural regeneration approach to convert brain internal reactive astrocytes into neurons through ectopic expression of a neural transcription factor NeuroD1 in adult non-human primate (NHP) brains following ischemic stroke. We demonstrate that NeuroD1 AAV-based gene therapy can convert reactive astrocytes into neurons with high efficiency (90%), but astrocytes are never depleted in the NeuroD1-expressed areas, consistent with the proliferative capability of astrocytes. The NeuroD1-mediated in vivo astrocyte-to-neuron (AtN) conversion in monkey cortex following ischemic stroke increased local neuronal density, reduced reactive microglia, and surprisingly protected parvalbumin interneurons in the converted areas. The NeuroD1 gene therapy showed a broad time window, from 10 days to 30 days following ischemic stroke, in terms of exerting its neuroregenerative and neuroprotective effects. The cortical astrocyte-converted neurons also showed Tbr1+ cortical neuron identity, similar to our earlier findings in rodent animal models. Unexpectedly, NeuroD1 expression in converted neurons showed a significant decrease after 6 months of viral infection, suggesting a potential self-regulatory mechanism of NeuroD1 in adult mature neurons of NHPs. These results suggest that in vivo cell conversion through NeuroD1-based gene therapy may be an effective approach to regenerate new neurons in adult primate brains for tissue repair.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ge, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/816066</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In Vivo Neuroregeneration to Treat Ischemic Stroke in Adult Non-Human Primate Brains through NeuroD1 AAV-based Gene Therapy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/824698v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Increasing vitrification temperature improves the cryo-electron microscopy reconstruction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/824698v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
At the initial stage of the cryo-electron microcopy (cryo-EM) samples irradiated by electrons, the cryo-EM samples suffer from a rapid "burst" phase (first 3~4 e-/[A]2) of beam induced motion (BIM) which is too fast to be corrected by existing motion correction software, and lowers the quality of the initial frames. Therefore, these least radiation damaged, but ruined frames are commonly excluded or down-weighted during data processing, which reduces the undamaged signals in the reconstruction and decreases the reconstruction resolution by weakening the averaging power. Here, we show that increasing the freezing temperature of cryo-EM samples suppresses the BIM in this phase. The quality of initial frames is partially recovered after BIM correction and is better than that of subsequent frames in certain frames. Incorporating these initial frames into the reconstruction increases the resolution, at an equivalent of ~60% extra data. Moreover, these frames are least radiation damaged, thus preserves the high quality cryo-EM density of radiation sensitive residues. Such density is usually damaged or very weak in the canonical 3D reconstruction. In addition, we found that a different kind of radiation damage neglected previously occurs in the per-frame reconstruction after the exposure of 2.5 e-/[A]2. Such radiation damage distorts the density of atoms. The deformation can be avoided by only including the frames from the first 2.5 e-/[A]2 into the reconstruction. Overall, the high temperature freezing not only provides extra undamaged signal to the reconstruction, but also increases the resolution of the reconstruction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/824698</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Increasing vitrification temperature improves the cryo-electron microscopy reconstruction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/835637v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MeSHHeading2vec: A new method for representing MeSH headings as feature vectors based on graph embedding algorithm 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/835637v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationEffectively representing the MeSH headings (terms) such as disease and drug as discriminative vectors could greatly improve the performance of downstream computational prediction models. However, these terms are often abstract and difficult to quantify.

ResultsIn this paper, we converted the MeSH tree structure into a relationship network and applied several graph embedding algorithms on it to represent these terms. Specifically, the relationship network consisting of nodes (MeSH headings) and edges (relationships) which can be constructed by the rule of tree num. Then, five graph embedding algorithms including DeepWalk (DW), LINE, SDNE, LAP and HOPE were implemented on the relationship network to represent MeSH headings as vectors. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed method, we carried out the node classification and relationship prediction tasks. The experimental results show that the MeSH headings characterized by graph embedding algorithms can not only be treated as an independent carrier for representation, but also can be utilized as additional information to enhance the distinguishable ability of vectors. Thus, it can act as input and continue to play a significant role in any disease-, drug-, microbe- and etc.-related computational models. Besides, our method holds great hope to inspire relevant researchers to study the representation of terms in this network perspective.

Contactzhuhongyou@ms.xjb.ac.cn
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guo, Z.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>You, Z.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yanbin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/835637</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MeSHHeading2vec: A new method for representing MeSH headings as feature vectors based on graph embedding algorithm]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/835934v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GNMFLMI: Graph Regularized Nonnegative Matrix Factorization for Predicting LncRNA-MiRNA Interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/835934v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) have been involved in various biological processes. Emerging evidence suggests that the interactions between lncRNAs and miRNAs play an important role in regulating of genes and the development of many diseases. Due to the limited scale of known lncRNA-miRNA interactions, and expensive time and labor costs for identifying them by biological experiments, more accurate and efficient lncRNA-miRNA interactions computational prediction approach urgently need to be developed. In this work, we proposed a novel computational method, GNMFLMI, to predict lncRNA-miRNA interactions using graph regularized nonnegative matrix factorization. More specifically, the similarities both lncRNA and miRNA are calculated based on known interaction information and their sequence information. Then, the affinity graphs for lncRNAs and miRNAs are constructed using the p-nearest neighbors, respectively. Finally, a graph regularized nonnegative matrix factorization model is developed to accurately identify potential interactions between lncRNAs and miRNAs. To evaluate the performance of GNMFLMI, five-fold cross validation experiments are carried out. GNMFLMI achieves the AUC value of 0.9769 which outperforms the compared methods NMF and CNMF. In the case studies for lncRNA nonhsat159254.1 and miRNA hsa-mir-544a, 20 and 16 of the top-20 associations predicted by GNMFLMI are confirmed, respectively. Rigorous experimental results demonstrate that GNMFLMI can effectively predict novel lncRNA-miRNA interactions, which can provide guidance for relevant biomedical research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>wang, m.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>You, Z.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>li, l.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>wong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>chen, z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>gan, c.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/835934</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GNMFLMI: Graph Regularized Nonnegative Matrix Factorization for Predicting LncRNA-MiRNA Interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/842336v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Prediction of liquid-liquid phase separation proteins using machine learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/842336v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of bio-molecules in cell underpins the formation of membraneless organelles, which are the condensates of protein, nucleic acid, or both, and play critical roles in cellular functions. The dysregulation of LLPS might be implicated in a number of diseases. Although the LLPS of biomolecules has been investigated intensively in recent years, the knowledge of the prevalence and distribution of phase separation proteins (PSPs) is still lag behind. Development of computational methods to predict PSPs is therefore of great importance for comprehensive understanding of the biological function of LLPS. Here, a sequence-based prediction tool using machine learning for LLPS proteins (PSPredictor) was developed. Our model can achieve a maximum 10-CV accuracy of 96.03%, and performs much better in identifying new PSPs than reported PSP prediction tools. As far as we know, this is the first attempt to make a direct and more general prediction on LLPS proteins only based on sequence information.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pei, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/842336</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Prediction of liquid-liquid phase separation proteins using machine learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/849760v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Biomarker2vec: Attribute- and Behavior-driven Representation for Multi-type Relationship Prediction between Various Biomarkers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/849760v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The explosive growth of genomic, chemical and pathological data provides new opportunities and challenges to re-recognize life activities within human cells. However, there exist few computational models that aggregate various biomarkers to comprehensively reveal the physical and functional landscape of the biology system. Here, we construct a graph called Molecular Association Network (MAN) and a representation method called Biomarker2vec. Specifically, MAN is a heterogeneous attribute network consists of 18 kinds of edges (relationships) among 8 kinds of nodes (biomarkers). Biomarker2vec is an algorithm that represents the nodes as vectors by integrating biomarker attribute and behavior. After the biomarkers are described as vectors, random forest classifier is applied to carry out the prediction task. Our approach achieved promising performance on 18 relationships, with AUC of 0.9608 and AUPR of 0.9572. We also empirically explored the contribution of attribute and behavior feature of biomarkers to the results. In addition, a drug-disease association prediction case study was performed to validate our methods ability on a specific object. These results strongly prove that MAN is a network with rich topological and biological information and Biomarker2vec can indeed adequately characterize biomarkers. Generally, our method can achieve simultaneous prediction of both single-type and multi-type relationships, which bring beneficial inspiration to relevant scholars and expand the medical research paradigm.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guo, Z.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>You, Z.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yanbin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/849760</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Biomarker2vec: Attribute- and Behavior-driven Representation for Multi-type Relationship Prediction between Various Biomarkers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.20.558627v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A muscle hypertrophy-derived myokine reprograms the stromal vascular fractions differentiation towards thermogenic adipocytes in subcutaneous adipose tissue 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.20.558627v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Skeletal muscle plays a significant role in both local and systemic energy metabolism; however, the cross-talk between skeletal muscle and adipose tissue remains largely unexplored. In this study, we identify the HIF2-Bambi-Thbs4 axis as a critical driver of muscle hypertrophy and metabolic improvement. Deletion of Bambi induces muscle hypertrophy and oxidative switching, thereby enhancing local and systemic metabolism under conditions of rodent chow and high-fat diets (HFD). Other than the metabolic regulation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy, we hypothesize that a portion of this improvement may be attributed to the metabolic reprogramming of the stromal vascular fraction (SVFs) of iWAT, promoting the development of beige adipocytes. Leveraging multi-omics approaches, we establish Thbs4 as a newly identified, muscle hypertrophy-derived myokine that serves as an essential regulator of this metabolic reprogramming. Thbs4 is upregulated in skeletal muscle during hypertrophy and aerobic exercise, localizes to the iWAT membrane, and facilitates the transformation of white adipocytes into beige adipocytes under conditions such as cold exposure, muscle hypertrophy, or aerobic exercise. Moreover, overexpression of Thbs4 elevates its plasma levels and leads to the transformation of white to beige adipocytes, therefore offering long-term protection against HFD-induced metabolic disorders. Conversely, Thbs4 knockout (Thbs4-KO) disrupts the metabolic reprogramming of SVFs and exacerbates metabolic syndromes induced by an HFD, mirroring the observed decline in Thbs4 levels in aged mice. Therefore, our findings underscore Thbs4s potential as both a long-term metabolic protective factor and a therapeutic target for the treatment of metabolic disorders.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=197 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/558627v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (63K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1178e6org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1184d4eorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@7b592aorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1b0b03_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG HighlightsO_LIBambi, a direct target gene of HIF2 in skeletal muscle, when deleted, triggers muscle hypertrophy and the transformation of white into beige adipocytes, improving systemic energy metabolism.
C_LIO_LIThe metabolic reprogramming of stromal vascular fractions (SVFs) contributes to the observed improvements in energy metabolism and adipocyte hyperplasia.
C_LIO_LIThbs4, a novel myokine produced in skeletal muscle during hypertrophy and aerobic exercise, plays a key role in the transformation of white into beige adipocytes.
C_LIO_LIOverexpression of Thbs4 provides enduring protection against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic disorders, demonstrating its potential as a therapeutic target.
C_LIO_LIThbs4 deletion abrogates the beneficial metabolic reprogramming of SVFs and exacerbates HFD-induced metabolic syndromes, further underlining its crucial role in metabolic regulation.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mai, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.20.558627</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A muscle hypertrophy-derived myokine reprograms the stromal vascular fractions differentiation towards thermogenic adipocytes in subcutaneous adipose tissue]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.23.558934v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ER mediates spatial regulation of lysosome-endosome interactions via motion switch at junction sites 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.23.558934v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Membrane-bound intracellular organelles engage in extensive direct interactions through membrane contact or fusion to work together for vital physiological functions. However, how their interactions are regulated is unclear. Lysosomes, for example, interact with ER and endosomes through membrane contact or fusion/fission to receive macromolecular cargos for recycling and degradation. The interactions are thought to be spatially regulated because participating lysosomes and endosomes must be positioned in close proximity. But the mechanism of spatial regulation is unknown. In this study, we examined how individual lysosomes and endosomes move along the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) network and found primarily two modes of movement. In the fast mode they explore different regions. In the slow mode they often pause and become confined near ER junctions to come near each other for interactions. The pause and confinement of lysosomes and endosomes occur in ER regions with elevated network density and connectivity and are mediated by condensation of the actin cytoskeleton, in which the VAP-STARD3-YWHAH pathway plays a key role. Together, these results reveal that ER mediates spatial regulation of lysosome-endosome interactions. Other organelles such as lipid droplets and peroxisomes are also found to pause near ER junctions. Overall, our findings suggest a general ER-mediated mechanism for spatial regulation of organelle interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.23.558934</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ER mediates spatial regulation of lysosome-endosome interactions via motion switch at junction sites]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.22.559087v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-wide characterization of MLO family genes in bread wheat shed light on their role in powdery mildew, rusts, blight, abiotic stresses, and development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.22.559087v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Powdery mildew (PM) is a notorious disease that causes up to 62% of yield losses in wheat. The 66 PM resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL)/genes (Pm1 - Pm66) break down when new pathogen races interact with plants. The knockout of three wheat Mildew resistance locus o (MLO) has conferred stable resistance against PM. However, only seven MLO genes are known in bread wheat, which has limited the development of PM-resistant cultivars. Taking advantage of IWGSC Ref-seq v2.1, we identified 47 MLO genes in wheat that were distributed on all 21 chromosomes in a non-random fashion. Phylogenetic analysis showed that MLOs are divided into four clades/subfamilies, while clades I, II, III, and IV harbored 6, 28, 6, and 7 MLO genes, respectively. The phylogenetic patterns were strongly supported by gene structure and motif distribution in different clades. Motif analysis found 16 conserved motifs in wheat MLOs. Comparative phylogenetic tree of wheat, Arabidopsis, and rice MLOs classified the genes into four clades. Evolution analysis showed that segmental duplications and purifying selection are prevalent in TaMLOs. Finally, nine MLOs showed in silico expression in different tissues during growth and development. Eight genes (TaMLO3/6-A2, TaMLO7-A1, TaMLO9-D1, TaMLO10-A2, TaMLO10-B1, TaMLO10-B2, TaMLO10-D1, and TaMLO10-D2) showed overlapping expression under cold, drought, heat stress, and phosphate starvation. Several MLOs showed differential in silico expression under PM (TaMLO10-A2, TaMLO3/6-A2, TaMLO7-A1, TaMLO10-D5), stripe rust (TaMLO9-D1), and head blight (TaMLO10-A2, TaMLO4-A1, TaMLO10-B1, TaMLO10-B2, TaMLO10-D1, TaMLO10-D2). The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) showed that nine genes (TaMLO3/6-A2, TaMLO3/6-B2, TaMLO3/6-D2, TaMLO8-A1, TaMLO8-B1, TaMLO8-D1, TaMLO9-A1, TaMLO10-A1, and TaMLO10-D1) exhibited significant upregulation in PM-resistant line after 24, 48, and 72 hours of post-inoculation with the pathogen as compared with the susceptible cultivar. Whereas TaMLO9-D1 showed downregulation. Thus, these MLO genes have a potential role in wheat under these conditions. Therefore, we hope that the MLO genes identified in this study will be edited through CRISPR/Cas9 and/or will be overexpressed to develop PM and disease-resistant and abiotic stress-tolerant wheat.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hussain, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramzan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raza, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atif, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Budak, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghazy, A.-H. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.22.559087</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-wide characterization of MLO family genes in bread wheat shed light on their role in powdery mildew, rusts, blight, abiotic stresses, and development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.25.559159v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cryo-EM structures of human SID-1 transmembrane family proteins and implications for their low-pH-dependent RNA transport activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.25.559159v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human SIDT1 and SIDT2 are closely related members of the systemic RNA interference (RNAi)-defective (SID-1) transmembrane family. Both mediate RNA internalization and intracellular transport and are involved in various biological processes. However, the molecular basis of RNA uptake, especially for exogenous small RNAs, remains elusive. Here, we present the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of human SIDT1 and SIDT2. Both structures reveal the overall architecture of a dimeric arrangement contributed by the {beta}-strand-rich extracellular domain (ECD) and the transmembrane domain (TMD) with 11 passes, highlighting the remarkable structural congruence. The in situ assays confirm that SIDT1 and SIDT2 exist as dimers or higher-order oligomers. We demonstrate that for both SIDT1 and SIDT2, the ECD binds small RNAs, such as dietary plant-derived miRNA, only under acidic conditions. In addition, RNA binding under low pH can trigger higher-order assembly of the ECD dimer, suggesting the potential importance of oligomerization during RNA uptake. Our results illustrate the molecular features of the conserved SID-1 family proteins to elucidate the mechanism of the low pH-dependent activation of RNA uptake mediated by SIDT1 and SIDT2. This study provides a promising understanding of the molecular basis of the nucleic acid delivery platform, which may potentially open new avenues for the design and optimization of RNA-based therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zheng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.25.559159</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cryo-EM structures of human SID-1 transmembrane family proteins and implications for their low-pH-dependent RNA transport activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.26.559284v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High plasticity of ribosomal DNA organization in budding yeast 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.26.559284v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In eukaryotic genomes, ribosomal DNA (rDNA) generally resides as a highly repetitive and dynamic structure, making it difficult to study. Here, a synthetic rDNA array on chromosome III in budding yeast was constructed to serve as the sole source of rRNA. Utilizing the loxPsym site within each rDNA repeat and the Cre recombinase, we were able to reduce the copy number to as few as eight copies. Additionally, we constructed strains with two or three rDNA arrays, and found that the presence of multiple arrays did not affect the formation of a single nucleolus. Although alteration on the position and number of rDNA arrays did impact three-dimensional genome structure, the additional rDNA arrays had no deleterious influence on cell growth or transcriptomes. Together, this study sheds light on the high plasticity of rDNA organization and opens up opportunities for future rDNA engineering.

HighlightsO_LIA method was established for efficient construction of synthetic rDNA arrays in budding yeast
C_LIO_LIThe rDNA repeats in a haploid yeast can be reduced to as few as eight copies to support cell viability
C_LIO_LIYeast cells with two or three DNA arrays on distinct chromosomes form a single nucleolus.
C_LIO_LIDispersed rDNA arrays result in no deleterious influence on cell growth or transcriptomes.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.26.559284</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High plasticity of ribosomal DNA organization in budding yeast]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.26.559580v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2.86: less neutralization evasion compared to XBB sub-variants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.26.559580v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The continual emergence and circulation of new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants have caused a great challenge for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic control. Recently, Omicron BA.2.86 was identified with more than 30 amino acid changes on the spike (S) protein, compared to Omicron BA.2 or XBB.1.5. The immune evasion potential of BA.2.86 is of great concern. In this study, we evaluated the neutralizing activities of sera collected from participants and mice. Participants were divided into five groups according to their vaccination (inactivated vaccine, protein subunit vaccine ZF2001 or ZF2202-A) and infection (Omicron BF.7/BA.5.2) status. ZF2202-A is ZF2001 vaccines next-generation COVID-19 vaccine with updated bivalent Delta-BA.5 RBD-heterodimer immunogen. BALB/c mice were immunized with XBB.1.5 RBD-homodimer, BA.5-BA.2, Delta-XBB.1.5 or BQ.1.1-XBB.1.5 RBD-heterodimers protein vaccine candidates for evaluating the neutralizing responses. We found that Omicron BA.2.86 shows stronger immune evasion than BA.2 due to >30 additional mutations on S protein. Compared to XBB sub-variants, BA.2.86 does not display more resistance to the neutralizing responses induced by ZF2001-vaccination, BF.7/BA.5.2 breakthrough infection or a booster dose of ZF2202-A-vaccination. In addition, the mouse experiment results showed that BQ.1.1-XBB.1.5 RBD-heterodimer and XBB.1.5 RBD-homodimer induced high neutralizing responses against XBB sub-variants and BA.2.86, indicating that next-generation COVID-19 vaccine should be developed to enhance the protection efficacy against the circulating strains in the future.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>An, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, G. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.26.559580</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2.86: less neutralization evasion compared to XBB sub-variants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.28.559714v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Light management by algal aggregates in living photosynthetic hydrogels. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.28.559714v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rapid progress in algal biotechnology has triggered a growing interest in hydrogel-encapsulated microalgal cultivation, especially for the engineering of functional photosynthetic materials and biomass production. An overlooked characteristic of gel-encapsulated cultures is the emergence of cell aggregates, which are the result of the mechanical confinement of the cells. Such aggregates have a dramatic effect on the light management of gel-encapsulated photobioreactors and hence strongly affect the photosynthetic outcome. In order to evaluate such an effect, we experimentally studied the optical response of hydrogels containing algal aggregates and developed optical simulations to study the resultant light intensity profiles. The simulations are validated experimentally via transmittance measurements using an integrating sphere and aggregate volume analysis with confocal microscopy. Specifically, the heterogeneous distribution of cell aggregates in a gel matrix can increase light penetration while alleviating photoinhibition compared to a flat biofilm. Finally, we demonstrate that light harvesting efficiency can be further enhanced with the introduction of scattering particles within the hydrogel matrix, leading to a four-fold increase in biomass growth. Our study, therefore, highlights a new strategy for the design of spatially efficient photosynthetic living materials that have important implications for the engineering of future algal cultivation systems.

Significance StatementThe ability to cultivate microalgae at scale efficiently would allow more sustainable production of food and food additives. However, efficient growth of microalgae requires optimised light conditions, which are usually challenging to obtain using biofilm cultivations mode: as the outer layer of cells are necessarily more exposed to incoming light than the inner layer, posing the problem of photoinhibition on the outer cells receiving too much light, and shading the ones below. Here we study both experimentally and numerically, how microalgae aggregates growing in the confinement of a hydrogel can provide an improved light distribution and therefore biomass growth is maximised. This study proposes new strategies on how to engineer future photobioreactors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chua, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murthy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murace, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuhl, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cicuta, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wangpraseurt, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vignolini, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.28.559714</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Light management by algal aggregates in living photosynthetic hydrogels.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.28.559747v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Efficient inhibition of fusion inhibitor HY3000 peptide to SARS-CoV-2 emerging EG.5, EG.5.1 and BA.2.86 variants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.28.559747v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve and spread. Recently, the Omicron EG.5 lineage, bearing an additional F456L mutation in spike (S) protein compared to its ancestor XBB.1.9.2, and its sub-variant EG.5.1, which carries a further Q52H mutation, have raised concerns due to their increased prevalence and extended immune escape properties. Additionally, an alarming variant, BA.2.86, has also garnered global concern because it contains over 30 amino acid mutations in its S protein compared to BA.2, including more than 10 changes in receptor-binding domain (RBD), reminiscent of the appearance of the Omicron variant in late 2021. Therefore, there is an urgent need to assess the effectiveness of current vaccines and therapeutics against EG.5, EG.5.1 and BA.2.86. In our previous work, we reported the design and broad-spectrum antiviral activity of a peptide fusion inhibitor HY3000 against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants including XBB.1.5. Here, we continued to evaluate the inhibitory potency of the HY3000 peptide against the prevailing EG.5 and EG.5.1, as well as XBB.1.16, FL.1.5.1, FY.3 and BA.2.86. Our data indicated that the peptide retained its potent inhibitory activities against these variants, indicating its potential as a good virus fusion inhibitor with broad-spectrum therapeutic effect against current and future SARS-CoV-2 variants. Currently, the HY3000 has been finished in Phase II clinical trial in China and has also been approved to conduct clinical investigation by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), suggesting a good application prospect against the ongoing COVID-19.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, G. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.28.559747</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Efficient inhibition of fusion inhibitor HY3000 peptide to SARS-CoV-2 emerging EG.5, EG.5.1 and BA.2.86 variants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.26.559639v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Novel Epidermal Oxysterols Function as Alarm Substances in Zebrafish 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.26.559639v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aquatic animals often use chemical cues to signal predation risk. When injured, shoaling fish skins release alarm substances that induce intense fear and a suite of anti-predator behaviors in other shoal members. However, the chemical nature of alarm substances remains largely unknown. Here we show that zebrafish alarm substance comprises 24-methyl-5-cholestane-3,7,12,24,28-pentahydroxy 28-sulfate, a novel oxysterol sulfate, and 5-cyprinol sulfate. These compounds are present in zebrafish skin extract and, at concentrations of less than one nanomolar, each induces anti-predator behaviors and increases cortisol levels. Their mixture, at its natural ratio, replicates the skin extract in eliciting the full suite of anti-predator behavior patterns. Our findings reveal a molecular-level mechanism whereby fish signal predation danger.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.26.559639</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Novel Epidermal Oxysterols Function as Alarm Substances in Zebrafish]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.15.562443v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatially Resolved Gene Expression is Not Necessary for Identifying Spatial Domains 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.15.562443v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The development of Spatially Resolved Transcriptomics (SRT) technologies has revolutionized the study of tissue organization. We introduce a graph convolutional network with an attention and positive emphasis mechanism, named "BINARY," relying exclusively on binarized SRT data to delineate spatial domains. BINARY outperforms existing methods across various SRT data types while using significantly less input information. Our study suggests that precise gene expression quantification may not always be essential, inspiring further exploration of the broader applications of spatially resolved binarized gene expression data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.15.562443</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatially Resolved Gene Expression is Not Necessary for Identifying Spatial Domains]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.17.562693v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A peptide-centric local stability assay to unveil protein targets of diverse ligands 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.17.562693v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While tremendous progress has been made in chemical proteomics for identifying protein-ligand interactions, it remains challenging for proteome-wide identification of ligand-binding regions without modifying the ligands. Here, we discovered that "disruptive trypsinization" amplifies the readout of ligand-induced protein local stability shifts, and explored this notion in developing "peptide-centric local stability assay" (PELSA), a modification-free approach which achieves unprecedented sensitivity in proteome-wide target identification and binding-region determination. We demonstrate the versatility of PELSA by investigating the interactions across various biological contexts including drug-target interactions, metabolism, epitope mapping, metal proteomics, and post-translational modification recognition. A PELSA study of the oncometabolite R2HG revealed functional insights about its targets and pathogenic processes in both cancer and immune cells. Thus, beyond offering users unprecedented sensitivity for characterizing diverse target-ligand interactions, PELSA supports informative screening and hypothesis generation studies throughout life science.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.17.562693</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A peptide-centric local stability assay to unveil protein targets of diverse ligands]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.17.562625v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A deep learning model embedded framework to distinguish DNA and RNA mutations directly from RNA-seq 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.17.562625v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We develop a stepwise computational framework, called DEMINING, to directly detect expressed DNA and RNA mutations in RNA deep sequencing data. DEMINING incorporates a deep learning model named DeepDDR, which facilitates the separation of expressed DNA mutations from RNA mutations after RNA-seq read mapping and pileup. When applied in RNA-seq of acute myeloid leukemia patients, DEMINING uncovered previously-underappreciated DNA and RNA mutations, some associated with the upregulated expression of host genes or the production of neoantigens. Finally, we demonstrate that DEMINING could precisely classify DNA and RNA mutations in RNA-seq data from non-primate species through the utilization of transfer learning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fu, Z.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, B.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nan, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, X.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.17.562625</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A deep learning model embedded framework to distinguish DNA and RNA mutations directly from RNA-seq]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.21.563433v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Changes in total charge on spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 in emerging lineages 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.21.563433v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationCharged amino acid residues on the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been shown to influence its binding to different cell surface receptors, its non-specific electrostatic interactions with the environment, and its structural stability and conformation. It is therefore important to obtain a good understanding of amino acid mutations that affect the total charge on the spike protein which have arisen across different SARS-CoV-2 lineages during the course of the virus evolution.

ResultsWe analyse the change in the number of ionizable amino acids and the corresponding total charge on the spike proteins of almost 2200 SARS-CoV-2 lineages that have emerged over the span of the pandemic. Our results show that the previously observed trend toward an increase in the positive charge on the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern has essentially stopped with the emergence of the early omicron variants. Furthermore, recently emerged lineages show a greater diversity in terms of their composition of ionizable amino acids. We also demonstrate that the patterns of change in the number of ionizable amino acids on the spike protein are characteristic of related lineages within the broader clade division of the SARS-CoV-2 phylogenetic tree. Due to the ubiquity of electrostatic interactions in the biological environment, our findings are relevant for a broad range of studies dealing with the structural stability of SARS-CoV-2 and its interactions with the environment.

AvailabilityThe data underlying the article are available in the online Supplementary Material.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bozic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Podgornik, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.21.563433</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Changes in total charge on spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 in emerging lineages]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.29.564580v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatiotemporal Profiling Unveiling the Cellular Organization Patterns and Local Protumoral Immune Microenvironment Remodeling in Early Lung Adenocarcinoma Progression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.29.564580v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spatial cellular organization patterns (COPs) in tumor microenvironment influence the tumor progression and therapeutic response, however, little is known about the cellular composition and functional potential of these multicellular structures during lung adenocarcinoma progression. Here, we integrate spatial transcriptomics with single cell RNA sequencing to characterize the local tumor and immunological landscape of samples from 8 patients with early-stage lung adenocarcinoma at different pathological stages. We identified ten COPs that show distinct associations with local immune states and clinical outcomes, including survival and therapy response. The local infiltration levels of regulatory and dysfunctional immune cells are increased with pathological progression. Cell-to-cell interactions between malignant cells and tumor microenvironment (TME) cells were involved in protumor immune state remodeling. Finally, we detected a group of malignant cells that were specifically located at the tumor boundary, representing a more aggressive state, were involved in the invasion of invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC). Altogether, these results can improve our understanding of the local microenvironment characteristics that underlie LUAD progression and may facilitate the identification of drug targets to prevent invasive progression and biomarkers for diagnosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.29.564580</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatiotemporal Profiling Unveiling the Cellular Organization Patterns and Local Protumoral Immune Microenvironment Remodeling in Early Lung Adenocarcinoma Progression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.31.565054v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeted Deletion of All Known Thyroid Hormone Receptors Causes Maturation Retardation and Early-onset Degeneration of Cochlear Outer Sulcus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.31.565054v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Thyroid hormone (TH) and its receptors (TRs) are crucial for cochlear late-stage development and endocochlear potential (EP) maintenance. However, the mechanism underlying EP reduction in the absence of TH or TRs remains elusive. Cochlear outer sulcus root cells undergo significant morphological changes during late-stage cochlear development and are believed to play a role in maintaining endolymph homeostasis and EP. Yet, it is unknown whether TH and/or TRs are necessary for root cell differentiation and function. Here, we elucidate the essential role of TH or TRs in postnatal root cell development and survival in mice. TH deficiency significantly delayed root cell differentiation. Otocyst-selective deletion of both Thra and Thrb, but not Thrb alone, leads to a similar impairment, accompanied by early degeneration of root cells, with the stria vascularis remaining unaffected. Furthermore, a 22% reduction in mean EP magnitudes was observed in conditional TRs double knockout mice at 4 months of age, less pronounced than in global TRs knockout mice. Transcriptome analysis reveals that TH deficiency downregulates a significant portion of root cell-enriched genes. These findings underscore the redundant roles of TR and TR{beta} in promoting the late-stage differentiation and survival of root cells. Additionally, they suggest that the expression of TRs in cochlear epithelium is crucial for maintaining an optimal EP magnitude, while TRs expressed in areas outside cochlear epithelium, particularly in spiral ligament fibrocytes, may also significantly contribute to EP maintenance. This study advances our understanding of TH in cochlear outer sulcus development and EP maintenance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ma, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, D. Z. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.31.565054</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeted Deletion of All Known Thyroid Hormone Receptors Causes Maturation Retardation and Early-onset Degeneration of Cochlear Outer Sulcus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.07.566142v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
FFCM-MRF: An accurate and generalizable cerebrovascular segmentation pipeline for humans and rhesus monkeys based on TOF-MRA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.07.566142v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PurposeCerebrovascular segmentation and quantification of vascular morphological features on humans and rhesus monkeys are essential for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of brain diseases. However, current automated whole-brain vessel segmentation methods are often not generalizable to independent datasets, limiting their usefulness in real-world environments with their heterogeneity in participants, scanners, and species.

Materials and MethodsIn this study, we proposed an automated, accurate and generalizable segmentation method for magnetic resonance angiography images called FFCM-MRF. This method integrates fast fuzzy c-means clustering and Markov random field optimization using blood vessel shape priors and spatial constraints. We used a total of 123 human and 44 macaque MRA images scanned at 1.5 T, 3 T, and 7 T MRI from 9 datasets to develop and validate the method.

ResultsThe average Dice score coefficients for multiple independent datasets were 69.16-89.63%, with the improvements in FFCM-MRF ranged from 0.16-16.14% compared with state-of-the-art machine learning methods. Quantitative analysis showed that FFCM-MRF can accurately segment major arteries in the Circle of Willis at the base of the brain and smaller distal pial arteries while effectively suppressing noise. Test-retest analysis showed that the model yielded high vascular volume and diameter reliability.

ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that the proposed method is highly accurate and reliable and largely independent of variations in field strength, scanner platforms, acquisition parameters, and species. The macaque MRA data and user-friendly open-source toolbox are freely available at OpenNeuro and GitHub to facilitate studies of imaging biomarkers for cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cui, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.07.566142</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[FFCM-MRF: An accurate and generalizable cerebrovascular segmentation pipeline for humans and rhesus monkeys based on TOF-MRA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.13.566798v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fusion dynamics and size-dependent droplet microstructure in ssDNA mediated protein phase separation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.13.566798v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biomolecular cocondensation involving proteins and nucleic acids has been recognized to play crucial roles in genome organization and transcriptional regulation. However, the biophysical mechanisms underlying the fusion dynamics and microstructure evolution of the droplets during the early stage of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) remain elusive. In this work, we study the phase separation of linker histone H1, which is among the most abundant chromatin proteins, in the presence of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) capable of forming G-quadruplex structures by using residue-resolved molecular dynamics simulations. Firstly, we uncovered a kinetic bottleneck step in the droplet fusion. Productive fusion events are triggered by the formation of ssDNA mediated electrostatic bridge within the contacting zone of two droplets. Secondly, the simulations revealed a size-dependence of the droplet microstructure and stoichiometry. With droplet growth, its microstructure evolves as driven by the maximization of the electrostatic contacts between ssDNA and the highly charged segment of H1. Finally, we showed that the folding of ssDNA to G-quadruplex promotes LLPS by increasing the multivalency and strength of protein-DNA interactions. These findings provided new mechanistic insights into the microstructure and growth dynamics of the biomolecular droplets formed during the early stage of the ssDNA-protein cocondensation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bian, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.13.566798</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fusion dynamics and size-dependent droplet microstructure in ssDNA mediated protein phase separation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.12.566777v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TranSiGen: Deep representation learning of chemical-induced transcriptional profile 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.12.566777v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
With the advancement of high-throughput RNA sequencing technologies, the use of chemical-induced transcriptional profiling has greatly increased in biomedical research. However, the usefulness of transcriptomics data is limited by inherent random noise and technical artefacts that may cause systematical biases. These limitations make it challenging to identify the true signal of perturbation and extract knowledge from the data. In this study, we propose a deep generative model called Transcriptional Signatures Generator (TranSiGen), which aims to denoise and reconstruct transcriptional profiles through self-supervised representation learning.TranSiGen uses cell basal gene expression and compound molecular structure representation to infer the chemical-induced transcriptional profile. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of TranSiGen in learning and predicting differential expression genes. The representation derived from TranSiGen can also serve as an alternative phenotype information, with applications in ligand-based virtual screening, drug response prediction, and phenotype-based drug repurposing. We envisage that integrating TranSiGen into the drug discovery and mechanism research pipeline will promote the development of biomedicine.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ni, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.12.566777</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TranSiGen: Deep representation learning of chemical-induced transcriptional profile]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.22.568373v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SCC3 acts as the cohesin and inhibits inter-sister chromatids repair during rice meiosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.22.568373v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cohesin is a multi-subunit protein that plays a pivotal role in holding sister chromatids together during cell division. Sister chromatid cohesion 3 (SCC3), constituents of cohesin complex, is highly conserved from yeast to mammals. Since the deletion of individual cohesin subunit always causes lethality, it is difficult to dissect its biological function in both mitosis and meiosis. Here, we obtained scc3 weak mutants using CRISPR-Cas9 system to explore its function during rice mitosis and meiosis. The scc3 weak mutants displayed obvious vegetative defects and complete sterility, underscoring the essential roles of SCC3 in both mitosis and meiosis. SCC3 is localized on chromatin from interphase to prometaphase in mitosis. However, in meiosis, SCC3 acts as an axial element during early prophase I and subsequently situates onto centromeric regions following the disassembly of the synaptonemal complex. The loading of SCC3 onto meiotic chromosomes depends on REC8. scc3 shows severe defects in homologous pairing and synapsis. Consequently, SCC3 functions as an axial element that is essential for maintaining homologous chromosome pairing and synapsis during meiosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>You, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.22.568373</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SCC3 acts as the cohesin and inhibits inter-sister chromatids repair during rice meiosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.25.568693v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
De novo design and optimization of aptamers with AptaDiff 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.25.568693v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aptamers are single-stranded nucleic acid ligands, featuring high affinity and specificity to target molecules. Traditionally they are identified from large DNA/RNA libraries using in vitro methods, like Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX). However, these libraries capture only a small fraction of theoretical sequence space, and various aptamer candidates are constrained by actual sequencing capabilities from the experiment. Addressing this, we proposed AptaDiff, the first in silico aptamer design and optimization method based on the diffusion model. Our Aptadiff can generate aptamers beyond the constraints of high-throughput sequencing data, leveraging motif-dependent latent embeddings from variational autoencoder, and can optimize aptamers by affinity-guided aptamer generation according to Bayesian optimization. Comparative evaluations revealed AptaDiffs superiority over existing aptamer generation methods in terms of quality and fidelity across four high-throughput screening data targeting distinct proteins. Moreover, Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) experiments were conducted to validate the binding affinity of aptamers generated through Bayesian optimization for two target proteins. The results unveiled a significant boost of 87.9% and 60.2% in RU values, along with a 3.6-fold and 2.4-fold decrease in KD values for the respective target proteins. Notably, the optimized aptamers demonstrated superior binding affinity compared to top experimental candidates selected through SELEX, underscoring the promising outcomes of our AptaDiff in accelerating the discovery of superior aptamers.

Key PointsO_LIWe proposed AptaDiff, the first in silico aptamer design method based on the diffusion model. Aptadiff can generate aptamers beyond the constraints of high-throughput sequencing data.
C_LIO_LIAptadiff can optimize aptamers through affinity-guided generation via Bayesian optimization within a motif-dependent latent space, and the affinity of the optimized aptamers to the target protein is better than the best experimental candidate from traditional SELEX screening.
C_LIO_LIAptadiff consistently outperforms the current state-of-the-art method in terms of quality and fidelity across high-throughput screening data targeting distinct proteins.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lv, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.25.568693</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[De novo design and optimization of aptamers with AptaDiff]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.30.569340v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The receptor VLDLR binds East Equine Encephalitis virus through multiple distinct modes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.30.569340v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Eastern Equine Encephalitis virus (EEEV) is an alphavirus that can cause severe diseases in infected humans. The very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) was recently identified as a receptor of EEEV. Herein, we performed cryo-electron microscopy structural and biochemistry studies on the specific interactions between EEEV and VLDLR. Our results show that VLDLR binds EEEV at three different sites A, B and C through its membrane-distal 8 LDLR class A (LA) repeats (LA1-8). Site A is located in the cleft in between the E1-E2 heterodimers of the surface trimeric spikes. Site B is located near the connecting {beta} ribbon in between the B and A-C domains of E2 and is in proximity to site A, while site C is on the domain B of E2. LA1 and LA5 specifically recognize site A, whereas LA2, LA3 and LA6 can bind both sites A and C. The binding of VLDLR LAs to EEEV is in complex modes. The LA1-2 mediated binding plays a critical role in mediating virus entry. The mutation W132G of VLDLR impairs the binding of LA3, drives the switch of the binding modes, and significantly enhances the attachment of EEEV to the cell. The W132G variant of VLDLR could be identified in human genome and SNP sequences, implying that people with similar mutations in VLDLR may be highly susceptible to EEEV infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cao, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.30.569340</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The receptor VLDLR binds East Equine Encephalitis virus through multiple distinct modes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.02.568720v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CpG Island Definition and Methylation Mapping of the T2T-YAO Genome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.02.568720v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Precisely defining and mapping all cytosine positions and their clusters, known as CpG islands (CGIs), as well as their methylation status are pivotal for genome-wide epigenetic studies, especially when population-centric reference genomes are ready for timely application. Here we first align the two high-quality reference genomes, T2T-YAO and T2T-CHM13, from different ethnic backgrounds in a base-by-base fashion and compute their genome-wide density-defined and position-defined CGIs. Second, mapping some representative genome-wide methylation data from selected organs onto the two genomes, we find that there are about 4.7-5.8% sequence divergency of variable categories depending on quality cutoffs. Genes among the divergent sequences are mostly associated with neurological functions. Moreover, CGIs associated with the divergent sequences are significantly different with respect to CpG density and observed CpG/expected CpG (O/E) ratio between the two genomes. Finally, we find that the T2T-YAO genome not only has a greater CpG site coverage than that of the T2T-CHM13 genome when whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) data from the European and American populations are mapped to each reference, but also show more hyper-methylated CpG sites as compared to the T2T-CHM13 genome. Our study suggests that future genome-wide epigenetic studies of the Chinese populations rely on both acquisition of high-quality methylation data and subsequent precision CGI mapping based on the Chinese T2T reference.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xiao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.02.568720</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CpG Island Definition and Methylation Mapping of the T2T-YAO Genome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.03.569501v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatially resolved molecular and cellular atlas of the mouse brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.03.569501v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A comprehensive atlas of genes, cell types, and their spatial distribution across a whole mammalian brain is fundamental for understanding function of the brain. Here, using snRNA-seq and Stereo-seq techniques, we generated a mouse brain atlas with spatial information for 308 cell clusters with single-cell resolution involving over 6 million cells as well as for 29,655 genes. We have identified new astrocyte clusters, and demonstrated that distinct cell clusters exhibit preference for cortical subregions. In addition, we identified 155 genes exhibiting regional specificity in the brainstem, and 513 long non-coding RNA exhibited regional specificity in the adult brain. Parcellation of brain regions based on spatial transcriptomic information showed large overlap with that by traditional method. Furthermore, we have uncovered 411 transcription factor regulons with spatiotemporal specificity during development. Thus, our study has discovered genes and regulon with spatiotemporal specificity, and provided a high-resolution spatial transcriptomic atlas of the mouse brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Han, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jing, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ting, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.03.569501</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatially resolved molecular and cellular atlas of the mouse brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.09.570916v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A novel nested gene Aff3ir participates in vascular remodelling by enhancing endothelial cell differentiation in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.09.570916v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Endothelial integrity in the vasculature is critically maintained by vascular stem/progenitor cells (SPCs) giving rise to endothelial cells (ECs). However, the genes significantly activated during differentiation remain incompletely understood. Based on mouse aorta and vein cDNA library, we unearthed a hitherto unidentified gene nested residing within intron 6 of Aff3, christened as Aff3 intron resident (Aff3ir), upregulated during laminar shear stress-induced ECs differentiation in mouse. Proteomic analysis substantiated the presence of a 45-amino acid(aa) peptide (AFF3IR-ORF1) and 109-aa or 151-aa protein (AFF3IR-ORF2) encoded from two transcript variants. During embryonic development, AFF3IR-ORF1 peaked at E14.5, while AFF3IR-ORF2 displayed a continuous increase until E19.5. In adult mice, AFF3IR-ORF1 was detected in the lung, liver, spleen, and kidney, while AFF3IR-ORF2 was most abundant in the aorta. Furthermore, Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses revealed a specific upregulation of AFF3IR-ORF2, but not AFF3IR-ORF1, three days after femoral artery injury or hindlimb ischemia in vivo. Overexpression of AFF3IR-ORF2 enhanced, while its knockdown attenuated, SPCs differentiation into ECs induced by shear stress or vascular endothelial growth factor in vitro. Notably, the upregulated AFF3IR-ORF2 hindered SPCs proliferation by sequestering minichromosome maintenance complex component 3 in the cytoplasm, thereby shifting the status of SPCs from a pro-proliferation to a pro-differentiation state. In conclusion, our discoveries unveil the novel protein-coding gene Aff3ir as a participant in ECs differentiation, providing fresh insights into the regulation of vascular endothelial integrity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ehteramyan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angbohang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lynham, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Margariti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.09.570916</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A novel nested gene Aff3ir participates in vascular remodelling by enhancing endothelial cell differentiation in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.09.570933v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure basis for recognition of 26RFa by the pyroglutamylated RFamide peptide receptor 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.09.570933v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The neuropeptide 26RFa, a member of the RF-amide peptide family, activates the pyroglutamylated RF-amide peptide receptor (QRFPR), a class A GPCR. The 26RFa/QRFPR system plays critical roles in energy homeostasis, making QRFPR an attractive drug target for treating obesity, diabetes, and eating disorders. However, the lack of structural information has hindered our understanding of the peptide recognition and regulatory mechanism of QRFPR, impeding drug design efforts. In this study, we determined the cryo-EM structure of the Gq-coupled QRFPR bound to 26RFa. The structure reveals a unique assembly mode of the receptor extracellular regions and the peptide N-terminus and elucidates the recognition mechanism of the C-terminal heptapeptide of 26RFa within the transmembrane binding pocket of QRFPR. The study also clarifies the similarities and distinctions in the binding pattern of the RF-amide moiety in five RF-amide peptides and the RY-amide segment in neuropeptide Y. These findings deepen our understanding of the RF-amide peptides recognition, aiding in the rational design of drugs targeting QRFPR and other RF-amide receptors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, H. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.09.570933</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure basis for recognition of 26RFa by the pyroglutamylated RFamide peptide receptor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.08.574609v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Design by Constraining Catalytic Pocket in Diffusion model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.08.574609v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although cytochrome P450 enzymes are the most versatile biocatalysts in nature, there is insufficient comprehension of the molecular mechanism underlying their functional innovation process. Here, by combining ancestral sequence reconstruction, reverse mutation assay and structure analysis, we identified five founder residues in the catalytic pocket of flavone 6-hydroxylase (F6H) and proposed a "three-point fixation" model to elucidate the functional innovation mechanisms of P450s in nature. According to this design principle of catalytic pocket, we further developed a de novo diffusion model (P450Diffusion) to generate artificial P450s. Ultimately, among the 17 non-natural P450s we generated, ten designs exhibited significant F6H activity and six exhibited a 1.3- to 3.5-fold increase in catalytic capacity compared to the natural CYP706X1. This work not only explores the design principle of catalytic pockets of P450s, but also provides an insight into the artificial design of P450 enzymes with desired functions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-01-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.01.08.574609</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Design by Constraining Catalytic Pocket in Diffusion model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-01-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.18.576212v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The stability of lower genital tract microbiota correlates with reproductive system function and in vitro fertilization and frozen embryo transfer outcomes in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.18.576212v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We previously found that the lower genital tract (LGT) microbiota of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) women has altered when compared to healthy reproductive-aged women, however whether this alternation will have an impact on the reproductive system function and pregnancy outcomes of PCOS patients have not yet been identified. Between 2018 and 2021, we totally enrolled 191 reproductive-aged women in three independent case-control studies, 209 vaginal and 209 cervical swabs, and 9 cervical epithelial cells samples were collected from the study subjects. Firstly, we analyzed the correlation between LGT flora and clinical characteristics of 97 women (containing 47 PCOS patients and 50 control reproductive-aged women), canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that LH/FSH ratio was the most relevant factor that was related to the dominant genera in women with PCOS (r2=0.233, p=0.001), and menstrual cycle frequency was also strongly related to the LGT organisms (r2=0.116, p=0.005). Next, through analysis of 72 PCOS patients who were underwent IVF-FET therapy, the FET outcome in PNB group (PCOS with relative abundance of Lactobacillus [&ge;]50%, n=57) was significant better than PDB group(PCOS patients with relative abundance of Lactobacillus<50%, n=15). Further, we randomly selected nine reproductive-aged PCOS patients (approximately half of them had altered LGT microbiota: Lactobacillus spp. [&le;]50%, n=5) and simultaneously collected both LGT swabs and cervical epithelial cells from them. By synchronization analysis of RNA sequencing of the cervical epithelial cells and 16S rRNA sequencing of the microbes, we found that the gene expression profiles of the cells significantly differed between the PDB (PCOS patients with relative abundance of Lactobacillus<50%, n=4) and PNB (PCOS with relative abundance of Lactobacillus [&ge;]50%, n=5) groups. Above all, we systematically elucidate the potential relationship between LGT microbiota with the reproductive system function and IVF-FET outcomes in PCOS patients.

Importancepolycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) women always suffered from poor pregnancy outcome: high incidence of abortion, preterm-birth, and premature rupture of membranes. Although some patients have improved their reproductive outcomes through assisted reproductive technology, the risk of early clinical pregnancy loss for PCOS patients after IVF treatment still ranges from 12% to 48%. As we previously found that the LGT flora of PCOS women had significant altered when compared with healthy parallel group, and more evidence showed that the genital tract microbiota may have a critical role in the process of embryo implantation and development, here we used multiple study groups to explore the potential relationship between LGT microbiota with reproductive system function and FET outcome in PCOS patients in this study. Our findings provide a new perspective for exploring novel therapy to improve the reproductive outcomes of PCOS patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ge, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-01-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.01.18.576212</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The stability of lower genital tract microbiota correlates with reproductive system function and in vitro fertilization and frozen embryo transfer outcomes in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-01-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.26.577312v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Engineered minimal type I CRISPR-Cas system for transcriptional activation and base editing in human cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.26.577312v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Type I CRISPR-Cas systems are widespread and have exhibited remarkable versatility and efficiency in genome editing and gene regulation in prokaryotes. However, due to the multi-subunit composition and large size, their application in eukaryotes has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we demonstrate that the type I-F2 Cascade, the most compact among type I systems and significantly smaller than SpCas9, can be developed into programmable tools for use in human cells. For transcriptional activation, the efficiency of the tool based on the engineered I-F2 system can match or surpass that of dCas9. Besides, narrow editing windows limit the application of base editors. Although the R-loop formed by Cascade is much wider than that by Cas9 or Cas12, the potential of base editing with Cascade has not yet been explored. We successfully created a base editor with the I-F2 Cascade, which induces a considerably wide editing window ([~]30 nt) with a bimodal distribution. The wide editing window can expand the range of targetable sites and can be useful for disrupting functional sequences and genetic screening. The editing efficiency can achieve 50% in human cells. This research underscores the application potential of compact type I systems in eukaryotes and developed a new base editor with an extraordinary wide editing window.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-01-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.01.26.577312</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Engineered minimal type I CRISPR-Cas system for transcriptional activation and base editing in human cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-01-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.23.576814v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell Type Specific Responses of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Dynamics to Environmental Stress 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.23.576814v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To overcome the challenge of balancing imaging speecd and resolution, which currently limits the accurate identification of structural and dynamic changes in the study of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in plant cells. This research employs structured illumination microscopy techniques to achieve super-resolution real-time imaging of the ER in live Arabidopsis materials. Additionally, a self-supervised denoising framework (Blind2Unblind) was optimized to further enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of rapid microscopic imaging. Based on the images with high quality, a method for quantitative analysis of ER structures using time-lapse images is developed. Moreover, detections of changes in ER structures under environmental stress are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the method. Moreover, correlation analyses of various parameters indicate a significant positive correlation between the area and length of tubular ER with the number of growth tips and tricellular junctions, while the area of ER cisternae and bulk flow exhibits a significant negative correlation with the area and length of tubules. The super-resolution imaging and dynamic analysis method developed in this study will provide new technical approaches for further elucidating the function and regulatory mechanisms of the plant ER.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-01-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.01.23.576814</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell Type Specific Responses of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Dynamics to Environmental Stress]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-01-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.16.580782v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Architecture of the spinach plastid-encoded RNA polymerase 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.16.580782v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP) serves as the principal transcription machinery within chloroplasts and is responsible for transcribing over 80% of primary plastid transcripts. Plant PEP is composed of a prokaryotic-like multisubunit core enzyme known as the PEP core, supplemented by newly evolved PEP-associated proteins (PAPs). In this study, we present the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of a PEP complex derived from spinach (Spinacia oleracea). Our structural analysis unveils the presence of 14 PAPs closely associated with the PEP core complex consisting of 5 subunits, forming an irregular-shaped supercomplex. We provide a detailed depiction of the PEP core subunits and the 14 PAPs, elucidating their precise spatial arrangement and interactions. This research offers a crucial structural basis for future investigations into the functions and regulatory mechanisms governing plastid transcription.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, L.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.16.580782</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Architecture of the spinach plastid-encoded RNA polymerase]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.21.581499v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The ZmHSF20-ZmHSF4-ZmCesA2 module regulates heat stress tolerance in maize 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.21.581499v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Temperature shapes the geographical distribution and behavior of plants. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms behind plant heat response is important for developing climate-resilient crops, including maize (Zea mays). To identify transcription factors that may contribute to heat response, we generated a dataset of short- and long-term transcriptome changes following a heat treatment time course in the maize inbred line B73. Co-expression network analysis highlighted several transcription factors, including the class B2a heat shock factor ZmHSF20. ZmHsf20 mutant seedlings exhibited enhanced tolerance of heat stress. Furthermore, DNA affinity purification sequencing and CUT&Tag assays demonstrated that ZmHSF20 binds the promoters of Cellulose synthase A2 (ZmCesA2) and three class A HSF genes, including ZmHSF4, repressing their transcription. We showed that ZmCesA2 and ZmHSF4 positively regulate heat response, with ZmHSF4 directly activating ZmCesA2 transcription. In agreement with the transcriptome analysis, ZmHSF20 negatively modulated cellulose accumulation and repressed the expression of cell wall-related genes. Importantly, the ZmHsf20 ZmHsf4 double mutant exhibited decreased thermotolerance, placing ZmHSF4 downstream of ZmHSF20. Based on our results, we propose an expanded model of the heat stress response in maize, whereby ZmHSF20 lowers heat tolerance of seedlings by repressing ZmHSF4 and ZmCesA2, thus balancing growth and defense at the seedling stage.

One-sentence summaryZmHSF20, as a negative factor, acts upstream of ZmHSF4 and ZmCesA2, which are involved in positively regulating the cell wall development under heat stress, thereby improving maize heat tolerance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.21.581499</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The ZmHSF20-ZmHSF4-ZmCesA2 module regulates heat stress tolerance in maize]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.28.582513v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Platinum drug reprogramming of protein phosphorylation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.28.582513v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cisplatin is a DNA-targeting chemotherapeutic. Here we investigate how the cisplatin damaged gene loci are linked to specific protein-driven signalling pathways. Using forward chemical genetics methods, cisplatin damage to specific genes has been mapped in human lung cancer cells, a total of 16216 cisplatin-damaged genes (CDGs) with fold-enrichment > 1.5. Surprisingly, bioinformatics analysis demonstrates that cisplatin targets the majority of human protein kinase and phosphatase genes and involved in 300 core signalling pathways (-log p >4). The most associated key signalling pathways are sperm motility and protein kinase A. The highest related disease is cancer, and tissue toxicities related to CDGs are about hepato- and nephro- toxicities. Notably, cisplatin damaged 85% (440) of human protein kinase genes and 81% (110) of human protein phosphatase genes. This suggests that cisplatin acts as a multi-targeting protein-phosphorylation regulator, confirmed by a significant decrease in expression of a series of key protein kinase genes. These results reveal that cisplatin disrupts protein phosphorylation signalling genome-wide.

Key points summarising the key messages of your articleA total of 16216 genes damaged by the clinical drug cisplatin in human lung cancer cells were identified using a forward chemical genetics method.

Bioinformatics analysis revealed that cisplatin targets 85% of protein kinase and 81% of phosphatase genes.

Cisplatin acts as a multi-targeting protein-phosphorylation regulator, disrupting protein phosphorylation signalling genome-wide.

The disturbance of protein phosphorylation by cisplatin can be related to anticancer activity and tissue toxicities of the drug.

These findings suggests novel strategies for rational design of next-generation anticancer metallodrugs involving specific targeting of protein phosphorylation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sadler, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.28.582513</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Platinum drug reprogramming of protein phosphorylation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.05.583639v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CMTM6 maintains B cell intrinsic CD40 expression to regulate anti-tumor immunity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.05.583639v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
HighlightsO_LIB cells participate in anti-tumor immunity by influencing the intratumoral infiltration and function of T cells;
C_LIO_LICMTM6 cis-interacts with CD40 and inhibits ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated CD40 degradation to maintain CD40 cell membrane levels;
C_LIO_LILoss of B cell-intrinsic CMTM6 significantly reduces CD40 signaling-mediated B cell activation, survival, differentiation, T/B cell interaction and anti-tumor immunity;
C_LIO_LIB cell-intrinsic CMTM6 deficiency leads to a significant reduction in the anti-tumor activity CD40 agonists and ICB therapy.
C_LI

In BriefLong et al. demonstrate that B-cell intrinsic CMTM6 regulates CD40 signaling and function via maintaining the cell membrane level of B-cell CD40 through ubiquitin-proteasome pathway inhibition, thereby affecting B cell function, anti-tumor B-cell immunity and the efficacy of CD40 agonist and ICB therapy.



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=137 SRC="FIGDIR/small/583639v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (35K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@7639cdorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1ccddaaorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@ecc9f3org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1be8cb0_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG O_FLOATNOGraphic AbstractsC_FLOATNO C_FIG The essential role of B cells and B cell intrinsic molecules in tumor immunity is beginning to be recognized. Tumor cell CMTM6 is a novel tumor immunoregulator involved in maintaining membrane levels of several important molecules, such as PD-L1 and CD58. Host CMTM6 may also play a function in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we found that CMTM6 was highly expressed in splenic B cells and tumor-infiltrating B cells. CMTM6 deficiency resulted in impaired splenic development, germinal center B cell differentiation, memory B cell differentiation, T/B cell interaction and B cell anti-tumor immune responses. Through multi-omics data mining and B-cell agonist screening, we identified that CMTM6 interacted with CD40 and maintained CD40 membrane levels in B cells. CMTM6 cis-interacts with CD40 and inhibits ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated CD40 degradation. CMTM6 deficiency led to impaired CD40 signaling-mediated B cell activation, survival, proliferation, differentiation and T/B cell interaction. In vivo, CMTM6 deficiency leads to a significant decrease in the anti-tumor activity of ICB therapy and B cell-dependent CD40 agonists. Collectively, B-cell intrinsic CMTM6 maintains B cell CD40 levels and signaling to promote B cell function and anti-tumor immunity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Long, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.05.583639</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CMTM6 maintains B cell intrinsic CD40 expression to regulate anti-tumor immunity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.06.583635v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interleaved intersectional strategy enables genetic lineage tracing with enhanced specificity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.06.583635v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BACKGROUNDDual recombinases have been increasingly employed for enhanced precision in genetic targeting. A recent study utilizing an intersectional genetic approach through dual recombinases (Dre + CreER) has revealed that endocardium-derived fibroblasts (EndoFbs) play a pivotal role in cardiac fibrosis after pressure overload. However, this intersectional strategy has limitations, primarily due to ectopic genetic labeling of non-target cells within the adult heart by the constitutively active Dre recombinase.

METHODSTo address this issue, we have developed an advanced, interleaved and intersectional reporter (IIR) strategy in this study. This IIR strategy leverages an inducible CreER to prevent inadvertent Dre-rox recombination during development or disease progression by designing an interleaved reporter to allow for more specific tracing of EndoFbs. Moreover, our IIR system also incorporates Diphtheria Toxin Receptor (DTR) in targeted cells, enabling functional characterization of these cells after genetic ablation.

RESULTSEndoFbs were regionally distributed in the heart during homeostasis and proliferated preferentially in response to pressure overload, leading to cardiac fibrosis in defined regions. The IIR strategy enables the tracing of EndoFbs with a more prominent regional pattern and facilitates genetic ablation of EndoFbs through DT injection. In addition, we have applied this IIR strategy to specifically target fibroblasts derived from the epicardium (EpiFbs). Genetic lineage tracing of EpiFb reveals that their distribution pattern is complementary to that of EndoFbs in the adult heart. When a substantial number of EpiFbs were genetically ablated, EndoFbs could replace the loss of EpiFbs in some specific regions of hearts.

CONCLUSIONSThe IIR strategy refines the precision of genetic lineage tracing while still employing the constitutively active Dre recombinase in tandem with inducible Cre. EndoFbs and EpiFbs are complementary in their distribution pattern in the heart, where EndoFbs have the potential to replace the loss of EpiFbs in some regions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>han, m.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>liu, z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>huang, x.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>liu, l.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>zhou, b.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lui, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>shu, q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.06.583635</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interleaved intersectional strategy enables genetic lineage tracing with enhanced specificity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.11.584023v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Uncovering disease-related multicellular pathway modules on large-scale single-cell transcriptomes with scPAFA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.11.584023v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pathway analysis is a crucial analytical phase in disease research on single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data, offering biological interpretations based on prior knowledge. However, currently available tools for generating cell-level pathway activity scores (PAS) exhibit computational inefficacy in large-scale scRNA-seq datasets. Besides, disease-related pathways are commonly identified by cross-condition comparisons in each cell type, neglecting the potential multicellular patterns. Here, we present single-cell pathway activity factor analysis (scPAFA), a Python library designed for large-scale single-cell dataset allowing rapid PAS computation and uncovering biologically interpretable disease-related multicellular pathway modules, which are low-dimensional representations of disease-related PAS variance in multiple cell types. Application on colorectal cancer (CRC) dataset with 371,223 cells and large-scale lupus atlas over 1.2 million cells demonstrated that scPAFA can achieve > 33-fold decreases in runtime of PAS computation and further identified reliable and interpretable multicellular pathway modules that capture the transcriptomic features of CRC tumor status and transcriptional abnormalities in lupus patients, respectively.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.11.584023</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Uncovering disease-related multicellular pathway modules on large-scale single-cell transcriptomes with scPAFA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.13.584929v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Soil viruses reduce greenhouse gas emissions and promote microbial necromass accrual 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.13.584929v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Viral-induced microbial mortality has been proposed as a major contributor in shaping microbial community structure and function, soil carbon (C) accrual and mobilization of plant available nutrients. Yet, how soil viruses influence soil organic C (SOC) turnover and sequestration remains unknown. Here, we performed microcosm experiments with two distinct soils from grassland (GL) and agricultural (AG) sites and interrogated the roles of soil viruses in driving microbial community succession, SOC transformation and sequestration. The results show that soil viruses affected microbial C use efficiency and reduced respiration in microbial communities obtained from both GL and AG soils. Soil viruses affected microbial successional trajectories (via predation of dominant populations) and functional gene profiles triggering a significant decrease in CO2 and N2O emissions. The impact of soil viruses on microbial community composition in GL microcosms was much less pronounced compared with that in AG microcosms, suggesting contrasting virus-host interaction patterns under different environmental settings. Viral infection significantly enhanced microbial necromass accumulation thereby increasing SOC and total nitrogen (TN) content. The results implicate viral-mediated microbial mortality as a key factor influencing the distribution of C between mineralization and soil C storage pathways. We proposed "viral loop" to explain the crucial function of soil viruses in SOC turnover and sequestration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Radosevich, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.13.584929</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Soil viruses reduce greenhouse gas emissions and promote microbial necromass accrual]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.22.586335v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
LncRNA-Snhg3 Aggravates Hepatic Steatosis by Regulating PPARγ via SND1/H3K27me3 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.22.586335v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
LncRNAs are involved in modulating the individual risk and the severity of progression in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), but their precise roles remain largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role of lncRNA Snhg3 in the development and progression of MASLD, along with the underlying mechanisms. The result showed that Snhg3 was significantly downregulated in the liver of high-fat diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice. Notably, palmitic acid promoted the expression of Snhg3 and overexpression of Snhg3 increased lipid accumulation in primary hepatocytes. Furthermore, hepatocyte-specific Snhg3 deficiency decreased body and liver weight, alleviated hepatic steatosis and promoted hepatic fatty acid metabolism in DIO mice, whereas overexpression induced the opposite effect. Mechanistically, Snhg3 promoted the expression, stability and nuclear localization of SND1 protein via interacting with SND1, thereby inducing K63-linked ubiquitination modification of SND1. Moreover, Snhg3 decreased the H3K27me3 level and induced SND1-mediated chromatin loose remodeling, thus reducing H3K27me3 enrichment at the Ppar{gamma} promoter and enhancing Ppar{gamma} expression. The administration of PPAR{gamma} antagonist T0070907 improved Snhg3-aggravated hepatic steatosis. Our study revealed a new signaling pathway, Snhg3/SND1/H3K27me3/PPAR{gamma}, responsible for MASLD and indicates that lncRNA-mediated epigenetic modification has a crucial role in the pathology of MASLD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xie, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ngowi, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiao, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.22.586335</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[LncRNA-Snhg3 Aggravates Hepatic Steatosis by Regulating PPARγ via SND1/H3K27me3]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.26.586852v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Proteome analysis provides insights into sex differences in Holothuria Scabra 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.26.586852v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sex-determining mechanism is still ambiguous for sea cucumber Holothuria scabra which only manifests gonochorism in gonad. In this study, proteomic analysis was employed to delineate sex-related proteins and genes in gonads of H. scabra, subsequently validated through Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). A total of 5,313 proteins were identified via proteome sequencing. Among these, 817 proteins exhibited expression in both the ovary and testis, with 445 proteins displaying up-regulation and 372 proteins showing down-regulation. Furthermore, 136 and 69 proteins were identified as ovary-specific and testis-specific Differentially Abundant Proteins (DAPs), respectively. For the validation of 75 DAP coding genes, 9 genes were considered to be reliable. Notably, 25 ovary-bias proteins enriched in ribosome pathway strongly indicated the crucial role of ribosome in ovary. And 5S/18S rRNA ratio in H. Scabra may have potencial to establish a nondestructive method to distinguish sexes unambiguously. This study serves to furnish novel evidence pertaining to sex differences in H. scabra.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cheng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.26.586852</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Proteome analysis provides insights into sex differences in Holothuria Scabra]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.29.587405v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extracellular electron transfer drives efficient H2-independent methylotrophic methanogenesis by Methanomassiliicoccus, a seventh order methanogen 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.29.587405v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Methylotrophic methanogenesis is achieved via methyl group dismutation or H2 reduction. This study reports extracellular electron droving efficient methylotrophic methanogenesis. The 7th order methanogen Methanomassiliicoccus luminyensis exclusively implements H2-dependent methylotrophic methanogenesis, but strain CZDD1 isolated from paddy soil possessed a higher methane-producing rate in coculture with Clostridium malenominatum CZB5 or the electrogenic Geobacter metallireducens. Chronoamperometry detected current production from CZB5, and current consumption accompanied CH4 production in a methanol-containing electrochemical culture of CZDD1. This demonstrated that M. luminyensis was capable of both direct species electron transfer (DIET) and extracellular electron transfer (EET) in methylotrophic methanogenesis. EET and DIET also enabled CZDD1 to produce methane from dimethyl arsenate. Differential transcriptomic analysis on H2-versus EET- and DIET-cocultures suggested that a membrane-bound Fpo-like complex and archaella of M. luminyensis CZDD1 could accept extracellular electrons. Given the ubiquitous environmental distribution of Methanomassiliicoccus strains, EET driven methylotrophic methanogenesis may contribute significantly to methane emission.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.29.587405</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extracellular electron transfer drives efficient H2-independent methylotrophic methanogenesis by Methanomassiliicoccus, a seventh order methanogen]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.01.587508v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An interpretable integration model improving disease-free survival prediction for gastric cancer based on CT images and clinical parameters 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.01.587508v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Preoperative prediction of disease-free survival of gastric cancer is significantly important in clinical practice. Existing studies showed the potentials of CT images in identifying predicting the disease-free survival of gastric cancer. However, no studies to date have combined deep features with radiomics features and clinical features. In this study, we proposed a model which embedded radiomics features and clinical features into deep learning model for improving the prediction performance. Our models showed a 3%-5% C-index improvement and 10% AUC improvement in predicting DFS and disease event. Interpretation analysis including T-SNE visualization and Grad-CAM visualization revealed that the model extract biologically meaning features, which are potentially useful in predicting disease trajectory and reveal tumor heterogeneity. The embedding of radiomics features and clinical features into deep learning model could guide the deep learning to learn biologically meaningful information and further improve the performance on the DFS prediction of gastric cancer. The proposed model would be extendable to related problems, at least in few-shot medical image learning.

Key PointsO_LIAn integration model combining deep features, radiomics features and clinical parameters improved disease-free-survival prediction of gastric cancer by 3%-5% C-index.
C_LIO_LIEmbedding radiomics and clinical features into deep learning model through concatenation and loss design improved feature extraction ability of deep network.
C_LIO_LIThe model revealed disease progression trajectory and tumor heterogeneity.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.01.587508</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An interpretable integration model improving disease-free survival prediction for gastric cancer based on CT images and clinical parameters]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.05.588237v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tonotopic organization of auditory cortex in awake marmosets revealed by multi-modal wide-field optical imaging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.05.588237v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tonotopic organization of the auditory cortex has been extensively studied in many mammalian species using various methodologies and physiological preparations. Tonotopy mapping in primates, however, is more limited due to constraints such as cortical folding, use of anesthetized subjects, and mapping methodology. Here we applied a combination of through-skull and through-window intrinsic optical signal imaging, wide-field calcium imaging, and neural probe recording techniques in awake marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), a New World monkey with most of its auditory cortex located on a flat brain surface. Coarse tonotopic gradients, including a recently described rostral-temporal (RT) to parabelt gradient, were revealed by the through-skull imaging of intrinsic optical signals and were subsequently validated by single-unit recording. Furthermore, these tonotopic gradients were observed with more details through chronically implanted cranial windows with additional verifications on the experimental design. Moreover, the tonotopy mapped by the intrinsic-signal imaging methods was verified by wide-field calcium imaging in an AAV-GCaMP labeled subject. After these validations and with the further effort to expand the field of view more anteroventrally in both windowed and through-skull subjects, an additional putative tonotopic gradient was observed more rostrally to the area RT, which has not been previously described by the standard model of tonotopic organization of the primate auditory cortex. Together, these results provide the most comprehensive data of tonotopy mapping in awake primate species with unprecedented coverage and details in the rostral proportion and supports a caudorostrally arranged mesoscale organization of at least three repeats of functional gradients in the primate auditory cortex, similar to the ventral stream of primate visual cortex.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Song, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.05.588237</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tonotopic organization of auditory cortex in awake marmosets revealed by multi-modal wide-field optical imaging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.08.588394v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
AncestryPainter 2.0: Visualizing ancestry composition and admixture history graph 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.08.588394v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To effectively depict the results of population genetics studies, it is essential to present ancestry composition and genetic distance. The growing amount of genomic data prompted us to design AncestryPainter 1.0, a Perl program to display the ancestry composition of numerous individuals using a rounded graph. Motivated by the requests of users in practical applications, we updated AncestryPainter to version 2.0 by coding in an R package and improving the layout, providing more options and compatible statistical functions for graphing. In particular, AncestryPainter 2.0 implements a method admixture history graph (AHG) to infer the admixture sequence of multiple ancestry populations, and allows for multiple pie charts at the center of the graph to display the ancestry composition of more than one target population. We also introduced an additional graphing module to visualize genetic distance through radial bars of varying lengths surrounding a core. Visualization functions per se have been enhanced in this update as well. Furthermore, AncestryPainter 2.0 includes two statistical modules to 1) merge ancestry proportion matrices and 2) infer admixture sequences through correlation analyses. AncestryPainter 2.0 is publicly available at https://github.com/Shuhua-Group/AncestryPainterV2 and https://pog.fudan.edu.cn/#/Software.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.08.588394</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[AncestryPainter 2.0: Visualizing ancestry composition and admixture history graph]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.09.587696v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PAMPHLET: A Robust Toolkit for Precise PAM Prediction and Unveiling PAM Consistency in Highly Co-occurrence CRISPR-Cas Systems 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.09.587696v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The CRISPR-Cas technology has sparked a new technological revolution, significantly enhancing our ability to understand and engineer organisms. The nuclease that underpins this technology is evolving from the "One Cas9 for all" model to a diverse CRISPR toolbox. Identifying PAM sequences is a critical bottleneck in developing novel Cas proteins. Given the limitations of experimental methods, bioinformatics approaches are essential for predicting PAM sequences of Cas proteins in advance. To date, there are only a few PAM sequence prediction programs, and their accuracy is relatively low due to the limited number of spacers in CRISPR-Cas systems. To overcome this challenge, we have developed a pipeline named PAMPHLET, which innovatively utilizes homology searches of Cas proteins to identify additional spacers. PAMPHLET was tested on 20 CRISPR-Cas systems with known PAMs, increasing the number of spacers by up to 18-fold compared to the original datasets and successfully predicting 18 PAM sequences for protospacers. For rigorous and high-quality wet-lab validation of the predictions made by PAMPHLET, we employed the published DocMF platform. This platform leverages next-generation sequencing chips to profile protein-DNA interactions and can simultaneously screen both 5 and 3 PAMs with high throughput. The PAMPHLET predictions showed high consistency with the DocMF results for four novel Cas proteins. We expect that PAMPHLET will overcome the current limitations in PAM sequence prediction, expedite the discovery of PAM sequences, and help to shorten the development cycle for CRISPR tools. Remarkably, PAMPHLET has revealed an intriguing genomic phenomenon: the C2c9 and C2c10 systems, which lack the canonical adaptation module, possess identical PAM sequences to those found in co-occurring type I systems, suggesting potential shared spacer acquisition mechanisms. This finding highlights the complex evolutionary relationships of CRISPR-Cas systems and propels us toward a deeper understanding of their mechanistic diversity and adaptability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.09.587696</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PAMPHLET: A Robust Toolkit for Precise PAM Prediction and Unveiling PAM Consistency in Highly Co-occurrence CRISPR-Cas Systems]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.16.589454v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A generalized framework to identify SARS-CoV-2 broadly neutralizing antibodies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.16.589454v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) are used to treat and prevent COVID-19. However, the rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 drives continuous escape from therapeutic mAbs. Therefore, the ability to identify broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) against future variants is needed. Here, we use deep mutational scanning (DMS) to predict viral RBD evolution and to select for mAbs neutralizing both existing and prospective variants. A retrospective analysis of 1,103 SARS-CoV-2 wildtype-elicited mAbs shows that this method can increase the probability of identifying effective bnAbs against the XBB.1.5 strain from 1% to 40% in an early pandemic setup. Among these bnAbs, BD55-1205 exhibited potent activity against all tested variants. Cryo-EM structural analyses revealed the receptor mimicry of BD55-1205, explaining its broad reactivity. Delivery of mRNA-LNPs encoding BD55-1205-IgG in mice resulted in ~5,000 serum NT50 against XBB.1.5, HK.3.1, and JN.1 variants. Combining bnAb identification using viral evolution prediction with the versatility of mRNA delivery technology can enable rapid development of next-generation antibody-based countermeasures against SARS-CoV-2 and potentially other pathogens with pandemic potential.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jian, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wec, A. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berrueta, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Speidel, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yisimayi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pecetta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.16.589454</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A generalized framework to identify SARS-CoV-2 broadly neutralizing antibodies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.17.589873v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Knowledge Graph-based Thought: a knowledge graph enhanced LLMs framework for pan-cancer question answering 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.17.589873v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundIn recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in various domains, notably in biomedical sciences. However, their real-world application is often limited by issues like erroneous outputs and hallucinatory responses.

ResultsWe developed the Knowledge Graph-based Thought (KGT) framework, an innovative solution that integrates LLMs with Knowledge Graphs (KGs) to improve their initial responses by utilizing verifiable information from KGs, thus significantly reducing factual errors in reasoning. The KGT framework demonstrates strong adaptability and performs well across various open-source LLMs. Notably, KGT can facilitate the discovery of new uses for existing drugs through potential drug-cancer associations, and can assist in predicting resistance by analyzing relevant biomarkers and genetic mechanisms. To evaluate the Knowledge Graph Question Answering (KGQA) task within biomedicine, we utilize a pan-cancer knowledge graph to develop a pan-cancer question answering benchmark, named the Pan-cancer Question Answering (PcQA).

ConclusionsThe KGT framework substantially improves the accuracy and utility of LLMs in the biomedical field. This study serves as a proof-of-concept, demonstrating its exceptional performance in biomedical question answering.

Key PointsO_LIWe introduce a framework combining LLMs with KGs to improve factual accuracy in LLM reasoning.
C_LIO_LIOur system is a flexible architecture that seamlessly integrates various LLMs.
C_LIO_LIUtilizing a pan-cancer knowledge graph, we have proposed the first KGQA benchmark in the field of biomedicine.
C_LIO_LICase studies reveal our method enhanced LLMs in addressing biomedical challenges such as drug repositioning, resistance research, individualized treatment, and biomarker analysis.
C_LIO_LIThe method performs favorably in comparison to existing methods.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Feng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.17.589873</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Knowledge Graph-based Thought: a knowledge graph enhanced LLMs framework for pan-cancer question answering]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.25.591076v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Amblyopic deficits in monocular processing and binocular interactions revealed by submillimeter 7T fMRI and EEG frequency tagging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.25.591076v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Disruption of retinal input early in life can lead to amblyopia, a condition characterized by reduced visual acuity despite corrected optics. Although extensive losses of neural activity have been found in the early visual cortex, it remains unclear whether they reflect deficits in feedforward or feedback processing, or abnormal binocular interactions. Combining submillimeter 7T fMRI and EEG frequency tagging, our study revealed the precise neural deficits in monocular processing and binocular interactions in human adults with unilateral amblyopia. Cortical depth-dependent fMRI revealed monocular response deficits in cortical layers of the primary visual cortex (V1) receiving thalamic input, which carried over to the downstream areas (V2-V4) in feedforward processing. Binocular stimulation produced a greater signal loss in the superficial layers of V1, consistent with suppression from the fellow eye by lateral inhibition. EEG data further demonstrate reduced suppression from the amblyopic eye, weakened binocular integration, and delayed monocular and binocular processing. Our results support attenuated and delayed monocular processing in V1 layers receiving thalamic input in human amblyopia, followed by imbalanced binocular suppression and weakened binocular integration in the superficial layers, which further reduced signal strength and processing speed. These precise neural deficits can help developing more targeted and effective treatments for the vision disorder.

SignificanceCortical depth-dependent 7T fMRI and EEG frequency tagging revealed attenuated and delayed neural activity in monocular processing and binocular interactions in human amblyopia. Neural deficits in monocular processing arise from the input layers of V1, followed by imbalanced binocular suppression and weakened binocular integration in the superficial layers. The precise neural deficits at high spatiotemporal resolution can help developing more targeted and effective treatment for amblyopia.

Graphical abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=159 SRC="FIGDIR/small/591076v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (51K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@c174d8org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@de51eborg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1d443c0org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@ac267a_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG This figure illustrates the precise neural deficits of amblyopia in monocular processing and binocular interactions based on the main findings of the current study. Attenuated and delayed neural activity arises from V1 cortical layers receiving thalamic input in monocular processing, followed by imbalanced binocular suppression and weakened binocular integration in the superficial layers, further reducing visual signal strength and processing speed.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.25.591076</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Amblyopic deficits in monocular processing and binocular interactions revealed by submillimeter 7T fMRI and EEG frequency tagging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.27.591411v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The under-recognized dominance of magnetosome gene cluster-containing bacteria in oxygen-stratified freshwater ecosystems 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.27.591411v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) capable of magnetosome organelle biomineralization and magnetotaxis are widespread in chemically stratified aquatic environments. Conventionally, it has long been considered that the overall abundance of MTB in microbiota is not very high and that Magnetococcia is the most frequently identified and predominant MTB members. However, the diversity and distribution of MTB in chemically stratified environments remain elusive due to the lack of large-scale systematic analyses. Here we conduct a comprehensive survey of genomes containing magnetosome gene clusters (MGCs), a group of genes responsible for magnetosome biomineralization and magnetotaxis, in 267 metagenomes from 38 oxygen-stratified freshwater environments. A total of 63 MGC-containing genomes belonging to eight bacterial phyla are reconstructed, including the newly identified Myxococcota. We discover an unexpectedly high relative abundance of putative MTB (up to 15.4% of metagenomic reads) in hypoxic and anoxic water columns, in which Deltaproteobacteria, rather than traditionally considered Magnetococcia, are the most ubiquitous and predominant MGC-containing bacteria. Our analysis reveals a depth-specific taxonomy and function of MGC-containing bacteria in stratified water columns shaped by physicochemical conditions. These findings underscore the unrecognized ecophysiological importance of MTB in freshwater ecosystems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ji, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goswami, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.27.591411</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The under-recognized dominance of magnetosome gene cluster-containing bacteria in oxygen-stratified freshwater ecosystems]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.30.591903v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Haplotype-resolved genomes and population genetics to analyze glandular secretory trichome formation mechanism in oregano 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.30.591903v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Oregano is an important economic plant which has valuable medicinal and aromatic properties. Oregano essential oil, containing carvacrol and thymol, is a preferred material to replace antibiotics in feed additives. Glandular secretory trichome (GST) density has positively correlated with the production of these compounds. Here, two haplotype-resolved genomes were assembled and annotated which contained 15 chromosomes with the total length of 606.75 and 612.74 Mb, respectively. Oregano had experienced two whole-genome duplications corresponding to the divergence [~]5.120/4.564 and [~]66.857/69.923 Mya, respectively. Many transcription factors and genes were found related to GSTs formation mechanism such as R2R3-MYB- and HD-ZIP IV-encoding genes. 2,669,410 SNPs, 569,093 InDels, 14,839 DUPs, 110 INVs, 3,976 TRANSs, and 1,426 CNVs were detected among two haplotype-resolved genomes. Two high density genetic linkage maps consisted of 15 LGs and spanned 2,279.28 and 2,322.83 cM, respectively. GADS, GABS, and GTS of F2 segregating populations showed obvious superparental dominance. One/one, one/one, and two/four QTLs for GADS, GABS, and GTS were independently mapped on two genetic maps, respectively. Five candidate genes showed extreme difference in two bulked segregant pools. Our study not only provides significant insight into the GSTs formation mechnism, but also will facilitate molecular breeding in oregano.

One Sentence SummaryOregano essential oil is a preferred material to replace antibiotics which will use to study the glandular secretory trichome formation mechanism and analyze the source of essential oil.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.30.591903</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Haplotype-resolved genomes and population genetics to analyze glandular secretory trichome formation mechanism in oregano]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.03.592361v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-omics Reveals Immune Response and Metabolic Profiles during High-Altitude Mountaineering 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.03.592361v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The physiological perturbations induced by high-altitude exposure in mountain climbers, manifesting as metabolic and immunologic deviations, have been previously reported but are not fully understood. In this study, we obtained longitudinal multi-omic profiles of blood samples for healthy mountain climbers during two mountaineering stages (acclimatization and extreme altitude mountaineering). Our integrative assay included metabolomics and lipidomics profiling of plasma coupled with single-cell transcriptomic analysis of 375,722 immune cells. Longitudinal analysis revealed dynamic immune response profiles, during the acclimatization period, characterized by the downregulation of inflammatory responses in monocytes and classical dendritic cells (cDCs) and an increase in the proportion of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells with enhanced immune effector processes. In contrast, during extreme altitude mountaineering, the activation of inflammatory responses and impairment of T cell effector function were observed, concomitant with an increased cellular response to hypoxia and oxidative stress pathways. Furthermore, we found upregulated glycolysis and antioxidant gene expression during extreme altitude mountaineering, which was primarily orchestrated by HIF1A and NFE2L2, while decreased expression of these genes was observed in dysregulated plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). Finally, high-resolution plasma metabolic analysis revealed significant alterations in the metabolism of climbers, involving enhanced glutamine and fatty acid metabolism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lv, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.03.592361</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-omics Reveals Immune Response and Metabolic Profiles during High-Altitude Mountaineering]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.08.593105v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Covalent DNA-Encoded Library Workflow Drives Discovery of SARS-CoV-2 Non-structural Proteins Inhibitors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.08.593105v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic persists, with the ongoing mutation of the virus. Consequently, the development of inhibitors with diverse binding modes and mechanisms of action, along with the elucidation of novel binding sites is of paramount importance. The 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) and papain-like protease (PLpro) are two validated cysteine proteases that cleave the viral polyprotein and are essential for viral replication. In this study, we utilized covalent DNA-Encoded libraries (CoDELs) workflow to identify two series of triazine-based covalent inhibitors targeting 3CLpro and PLpro. Molecular docking facilitated the identification of optimization pathways, further refined through medicinal chemistry efforts, leading to the development of the non-peptide 3CLpro inhibitor LU9, which exhibited an IC50 value of 0.34 M, and crystal structure of LU10 revealed a unique binding mode within the active site. Additionally, the X-ray cocrystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 PLpro with XD5 uncovered a previously unexplored binding site, adjacent to the catalytic pocket, providing an opportunity for further development of PLpro inhibitors. Overall, these novel compounds serve as valuable chemical probes for target validation and represent promising drug candidates for the continued development of SARS-CoV-2 antivirals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mei, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mengnisa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yue, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.08.593105</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Covalent DNA-Encoded Library Workflow Drives Discovery of SARS-CoV-2 Non-structural Proteins Inhibitors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.14.594047v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enhanced Recognition of a Herbal Compound Epiberberine by a DNA Quadruplex-Duplex Structure 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.14.594047v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The small molecule epiberberine (EPI) is a natural alkaloid with versatile bioactivities against several diseases, including cancer and bacterial infection. EPI can induce the formation of a unique binding pocket at the 5' side of a human telomeric G-quadruplex (HTG) sequence Q4, resulting in a nanomolar binding affinity (KD approximately 26 nM) with significant fluorescence enhancement upon binding. It is important to understand (1) how EPI binding affects HTG structural stability and (2) how enhanced EPI binding may be achieved through the engineering of the DNA binding pocket. In this work, the EPI binding-induced HTG structure stabilization effect was probed by a peptide nucleic acid (PNA) invasion assay in combination with a series of biophysical techniques. We show that the PNA invasion-based method may be useful for the characterization of compounds binding to DNA (and RNA) structures in physiological conditions without the need to vary the solution temperature or buffer components, which are typically needed for structural stability characterization. Importantly, the combination of theoretical modeling and experimental quantification allows us to successfully engineer the Q4 derivative Q4-ds-A by a simple extension of a duplex structure to Q4 at the 5' end. Q4-ds-A is a superb EPI binder with a KD of 8 nM, with the binding enhancement achieved through the preformation of a binding pocket and a reduced dissociation rate. The tight binding of Q4 and Q4-ds-A with EPI allows us to develop a novel magnetic bead-based affinity purification system to effectively extract EPI from Rhizoma coptidis (Huang Lian) extracts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>zhan, x.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, l.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lian, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mai, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishna, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ni, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vandana, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stjepanovic, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.14.594047</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enhanced Recognition of a Herbal Compound Epiberberine by a DNA Quadruplex-Duplex Structure]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.16.594569v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interleukin-1 prevents SARS-CoV-2-induced membrane fusion to restrict viral transmission via induction of actin bundles 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.16.594569v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Innate immune responses triggered by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, while host factors including pro-inflammatory cytokines are critical for viral containment. By utilizing quantitative and qualitative models, we discovered that soluble factors secreted by human monocytes potently inhibit SARS-CoV-2-induced cell-cell fusion in viral-infected cells. Through cytokine screening, we identified that interleukin-1{beta} (IL-1{beta}), a key mediator of inflammation, inhibits syncytia formation mediated by various SARS-CoV-2 strains. Mechanistically, IL-1{beta} activates RhoA/ROCK signaling through a non-canonical IL-1 receptor-dependent pathway, which drives the enrichment of actin bundles at the cell-cell junctions, thus prevents syncytia formation. Notably, in vivo infection experiments in mice confirms that IL-1{beta} significantly restricted SARS-CoV-2 spreading in the lung epithelia. Together, by revealing the function and underlying mechanism of IL-1{beta} on SARS-CoV-2-induced cell-cell fusion, our study highlights an unprecedented antiviral function for cytokines during viral infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.16.594569</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interleukin-1 prevents SARS-CoV-2-induced membrane fusion to restrict viral transmission via induction of actin bundles]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.28.596177v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RNADiffFold: Generative RNA Secondary Structure Prediction using Discrete Diffusion Models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.28.596177v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RNA molecules are essential macromolecules that perform diverse biological functions in living beings. Precise prediction of RNA secondary structures is instrumental in deciphering their complex three-dimensional architecture and functionality. Traditional methodologies for RNA structure prediction, including energy-based and learning-based approaches, often depict RNA secondary structures from a static perspective and rely on stringent a priori constraints. Inspired by the success of diffusion models, in this work, we introduce RNADiffFold, an innovative generative prediction approach of RNA secondary structures based on multinomial diffusion. We reconceptualize the prediction of contact maps as akin to pixel-wise segmentation and accordingly train a denoising model to refine the contact maps starting from a noise-infused state progressively. We also devise a potent conditioning mechanism that harnesses features extracted from RNA sequences to steer the model toward generating an accurate secondary structure. These features encompass one-hot encoded sequences, probabilistic maps generated from a pre-trained scoring network, and embeddings and attention maps derived from RNA-FM. Experimental results on both within- and cross-family datasets demonstrate RNADiffFolds competitive performance compared with current state-of-the-art methods. Additionally, RNADiffFold has shown a notable proficiency in capturing the dynamic aspects of RNA structures, a claim corroborated by its performance on datasets comprising multiple conformations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Feng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.28.596177</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RNADiffFold: Generative RNA Secondary Structure Prediction using Discrete Diffusion Models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.30.596378v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structures of PSI-FCPI from Thalassiosira pseudonana in high light provide convergent evolution and light-adaptive strategies in diatom FCPIs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.30.596378v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Diatoms achieve great survival success in the fluctuating oceanic environment, rely on fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c-binding proteins (FCPs) to complete light harvesting and quenching, which provide about 20% primary productivity on earth. We report two cryo-electron microscopic structures of photosystem I (PSI) with 13 or 5 FCPIs respectively at 2.78 [A] and 3.20 [A] resolution from Thalassiosira pseudonana under high light conditions. 8 Lhcr FCPIs are found detached from the PSI-13FCPI supercomplex under high light conditions, remaining 5 FCPIs are stably combined with the PSI core including Lhcr3, RedCAP, Lhcq8, Lhcf10, and FCP3 subunits. The specific pigment network in this centric diatom T. pseudonana demonstrates a higher proportion of Chlorophylls a, diadinoxanthins, and diatoxanthins but fewer fucoxanthins compared with the huge PSI-FCPI from another centric diatom Chaetoceros gracilis, thus exhibiting more efficiency in energy transfer and dissipation among FCPI antennas. These results reveal the assembly mechanism of several types of peripheral FCPIs and corresponding light-adaptive strategies in T. pseudonana, as well as the convergent evolution of the diatoms PSI-FCPI structures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Feng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, J.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.30.596378</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structures of PSI-FCPI from Thalassiosira pseudonana in high light provide convergent evolution and light-adaptive strategies in diatom FCPIs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.03.597252v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparative Analysis of Human-Chimpanzee Divergence in Brain Connectivity and its Genetic Underpinnings 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.03.597252v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are humans closest living relatives, making them the most directly relevant comparison point for understanding human brain evolution. Zeroing in on the differences in brain connectivity between humans and chimpanzees can provide key insights into the specific evolutionary changes that might have occured along the human lineage. However, conducting comparisons of brain connectivity between humans and chimpanzees remains challenging, as cross-species brain atlases established within the same framework are currently lacking. Without the availability of cross-species brain atlases, the region-wise connectivity patterns between humans and chimpanzees cannot be directly compared. To address this gap, we built the first Chimpanzee Brainnetome Atlas (ChimpBNA) by following a well-established connectivity-based parcellation framework. Leveraging this new resource, we found substantial divergence in connectivity patterns across most association cortices, notably in the lateral temporal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex between the two species. Intriguingly, these patterns significantly deviate from the patterns of cortical expansion observed in humans compared to chimpanzees. Additionally, we identified regions displaying connectional asymmetries that differed between species, likely resulting from evolutionary divergence. Genes associated with these divergent connectivities were found to be enriched in cell types crucial for cortical projection circuits and synapse formation. These genes exhibited more pronounced differences in expression patterns in regions with higher connectivity divergence, suggesting a potential foundation for brain connectivity evolution. Therefore, our study not only provides a fine-scale brain atlas of chimpanzees but also highlights the connectivity divergence between humans and chimpanzees in a more rigorous and comparative manner and suggests potential genetic correlates for the observed divergence in brain connectivity patterns between the two species. This can help us better understand the origins and development of uniquely human cognitive capabilities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vanduffel, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hopkins, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sherwood, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.03.597252</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparative Analysis of Human-Chimpanzee Divergence in Brain Connectivity and its Genetic Underpinnings]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.05.597674v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A nanobody-enzyme fusion protein targeting PD-L1 and sialic acid exerts anti-tumor effects by affecting tumor associated macrophages 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.05.597674v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cancer cells employ various mechanisms to evade immune surveillance. Their surface features, including a protective "sugar coat" and immune checkpoints like PD-L1 (programmed death ligand 1), can impede immune cell recognition. Sialic acids, which carry negative charges, may hinder cell contact through electrostatic repulsion, while PD-L1 transmits immunosuppressive signals to T cells. Furthermore, cancer cells manipulate macrophages within the tumor microenvironment to facilitate immune escape. Prior research has demonstrated the effectiveness of separately blocking the PD-L1 and sialic acid pathways in eliciting anti-tumor effects. In this study, we investigated the relationship between PD-L1 expression and genes associated with sialic acid in clinical databases. Subsequently, we developed a novel nanobody enzyme fusion protein termed Nb16-Sia to simultaneously target both PD-L1 and sialic acid pathways. In vivo experiments confirmed the anti-tumor activity of Nb16-Sia and highlighted its dependence on macrophages. Further investigations revealed that Nb16-Sia could polarize macrophages towards the M1 phenotype through the C-type lectin pathway in vitro and eliminate tumor-associated macrophages in vivo. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that the fusion of PD-L1 nanobody with sialidase effectively targets tumor-associated macrophages, resulting in significant anti-tumor effects. This approach holds promise for drug development aimed at enhancing immune responses against cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>CHEN, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.05.597674</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A nanobody-enzyme fusion protein targeting PD-L1 and sialic acid exerts anti-tumor effects by affecting tumor associated macrophages]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.11.598143v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Viral diversiy within marine biofilms and their potential roles in microbially influenced corrosion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.11.598143v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In marine environments, a wide variety of microbes exert an important influence on the corrosion of materials. Viruses are widely distributed in biofilms formed on materials and may influence the corrosion process through interactions with key corrosive microbes. However, our understanding of the viral communities within biofilms and their implications for corrosion remains notably limited. To fill this knowledge gap, we utilized 53 publicly metagenomes to investigate the ecological dynamics of viruses within biofilms on 8 different materials and their potential roles in the corrosion of materials. In biofilms, the type of materials may be the primary factor driving differences in the diversity of viral communities. Viruses within biofilms predominantly belong to Caudoviricetes, and phylogenetic analysis of Caudoviricetes and protein-sharing networks with other environments revealed the presence of numerous novel viral clades in biofilms. The presence of virus-host linkages revealed a close association between viruses and corrosive microbes in biofilms. Viruses play a key role in corrosion by modulating host corrosion-related metabolism. It was observed that viruses could enhance host resistance to metals and antibiotics via horizontal gene transfer. Furthermore, viruses can protect themselves from host antiviral systems through anti-defense systems. Overall, this work illustrates the diversity of viruses within biofilms formed on materials and the intricate interactions between viruses and corrosive microbes, revealing the potential roles of viruses in microbially influenced corrosion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.11.598143</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Viral diversiy within marine biofilms and their potential roles in microbially influenced corrosion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.12.598668v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Uncovering topologically associating domains from three-dimensional genome maps with TADGATE 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.12.598668v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Topologically associating domains (TADs) emerge as indispensable units in three-dimensional (3D) genome organization, playing a critical role in gene regulation. However, accurately identifying TADs from sparse chromatin contact maps and exploring the structural and functional elements within TADs remain challenging. To this end, we develop a graph attention auto-encoder, TADGATE, to accurately identify TADs even from ultra-sparse contact maps and generate the imputed maps while preserving or enhancing the underlying topological structures. TADGATE can capture specific attention patterns, pointing to two types of units with different characteristics in TADs. Moreover, we find that the organization of TADs is closely associated with chromatin compartmentalization, and TAD boundaries in different compartmental environments exhibit distinct biological properties. We also utilize a two-layer Hidden Markov Model to functionally annotate the TADs and their internal regions, revealing the overall properties of TADs and the distribution of the structural and functional elements within TADs. At last, we apply TADGATE to highly sparse and noisy Hi-C contact maps from 21 human tissues or cell lines, enhancing the clarity of TAD structures, investigating the nature of conserved and cell type-specific boundaries, and unveiling the cell type-specific transcriptional regulatory mechanisms associated with topological domains.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.12.598668</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Uncovering topologically associating domains from three-dimensional genome maps with TADGATE]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.15.599163v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dopamine D1 receptor expression in dlPFC inhibitory parvalbumin neurons may contribute to higher visuospatial distractibility in marmosets versus macaques 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.15.599163v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Marmosets and macaques are common non-human primate models of cognition, yet marmosets appear more distractible and perform worse in cognitive tasks. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) is pivotal for sustained attention, and prior macaque research suggests that dopaminergic modulation and inhibitory parvalbumin (PV) neurons could contribute to distractibility. Thus, we compared the two species using a visual fixation task with distractors, performed molecular and anatomical analyses in dlPFC, and linked functional microcircuitry with cognitive performance using computational modeling. We found that marmosets are more distractible than macaques, and that marmoset dlPFC PV neurons contain higher levels of dopamine-1 receptor (D1R) transcripts and protein, similar to their levels in mice. The modeling indicated that higher D1R expression in marmoset dlPFC PV neurons may increase distractibility by making dlPFC microcircuits more vulnerable to disruptions of their task-related persistent activity, especially when dopamine is released in dlPFC in response to unexpected salient stimuli.

Declaration of InterestsThe authors have nothing to declare.

Author ContributionsAFTA, MKPJ, TGI, and SFW designed the study; MKPJ collected and analyzed anatomical data; TGI designed the computational framework with guidance from RG and SFW; TGI performed the modeling simulations and data analysis; FM and SAM collected and analyzed transcriptomics data; GGB and DAL provided macaque brain tissue for transcriptomics performed by FM; SM and NS collected and analyzed phylogenetic transcriptomics dataset; JFM and ASN performed and analyzed the behavioral testing; IW and JMT provided the marmoset tissue for immunofluorescence; MKPJ, TGI, SFW, and AFTA wrote the first draft and all authors revised and edited subsequent drafts of the article.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Joyce, M. K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivanov, T. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krienen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchell, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Inoue, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nandy, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Datta, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duque, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arellano, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez-Burgos, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sestan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCarroll, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez-Trujillo, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Froudist-Walsh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnsten, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.15.599163</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dopamine D1 receptor expression in dlPFC inhibitory parvalbumin neurons may contribute to higher visuospatial distractibility in marmosets versus macaques]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.26.600860v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Decoding the anti-aging effect of retinol in reshaping the human skin microbiome niches 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.26.600860v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Retinol has been widely added to skincare products due to its ability to promote the proliferation of skin keratinocytes and regulate skin cell collagen expression. While it is known the skin harbors a myriad of commensal bacteria, the impact of retinol on the skin microbiome, as well as the role of the skin microbiome in mediating the anti-aging properties of retinol, remains poorly understood. In this study, we incorporated phenomics, metagenomics and metabolomics to explore the human skin alterations during the anti-aging process mediated by retinol, and potential interactions between retinol, skin microbiome and metabolites.

Topical retinol significantly improved skin conditions, including enhancing skin hydration, acidifying the epidermis, strengthening the skin barrier, and reducing the number and volume of wrinkles. Furthermore, retinol also reshaped the skin microecology by altering the structure and function of the skin microbiome as well as the host and microbial metabolites. Through GEM construction, we identified 2 skin microorganism, Sericytochromatia sp. and Corynebacterium kefirresidentii capable of oxidizing retinol to retinal. Over 10 skin microbes can utilize UDP-glucose as a carbon source, potentially accelerating RAG hydrolysis and increasing glucuronic acid consumption. The retinoic acid and retinol generated by RAG hydrolysis are reused by skin cells and microbes, enhancing retinol metabolism and its effective duration. This combined effect between the skin microbiome and retinol improves skin condition and anti-aging efficacy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gui, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.26.600860</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Decoding the anti-aging effect of retinol in reshaping the human skin microbiome niches]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.17.603163v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cost-effective DNA storage with DNA movable type 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.17.603163v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the face of exponential data growth, DNA-based storage offers a promising solution for preserving big-data. However, most existing DNA storage methods, akin to traditional block printing, require costly chemical synthesis for each individual data file, adopting a sequential, one-time-use synthesis approach. To overcome these limitations, we introduce a novel, cost-effective "DNA-Movable-Type Storage" system, inspired by movable type printing. This system utilizes pre-fabricated DNA movable types-short, double-stranded DNA oligonucleotides encoding specific payload, address, and checksum data. These DNA-MTs are enzymatically ligated/assembled into cohesive sequences, termed "DNA movable type blocks", streamlining the assembly process with the automated BISHENG-1 DNA-MT inkjet printer. Using BISHENG-1, we successfully printed, assembled, stored and accurately retrieved 43.7 KB of data files in diverse formats (text, image, audio, and video) in vitro and in vivo, using only 350 DNA-MTs. Notably, each DNA-MT, synthesized once (2 OD), can be used up to 10,000 times, reducing costs to 122 $/MB-outperforming existing DNA storage methods. This innovation circumvents the need to synthesize entire DNA sequences encoding files from scratch, offering significant cost and efficiency advantages. Furthermore, it has considerable untapped potential to advance a robust DNA storage system, better meeting the extensive data storage demands of the big-data era.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ju, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yue, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.17.603163</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cost-effective DNA storage with DNA movable type]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.21.604464v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Stiffness-tunable neurotentacles for minimally invasive implantation and long-term neural activity recordings 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.21.604464v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Flexible implantable microelectrodes have been demonstrated to exhibit excellent biocompatibility for chronic neural activity recordings. However, the low bending strength of the commonly employed flexible materials presents a significant challenge for probe insertion into the brain. Traditional implantation methods for flexible electrodes generally require additional auxiliary materials or tools, which tend to have a much larger footprint than the probes themselves, greatly increasing the damage to neurons during insertion. Here we have proposed a stiffness-tunable polyimide probe for deep brain implantation, referred to as Neurotentacle, enabled by embedded microchannels in which the liquid pressure is controllable (from 0.1MPa to more than 2.0MPa). During the insertion phase into the brain, the neurotentacle can pose a high stiffness under elevated internal pressure to penetrate the brain tissues without the use of any additional materials or tools. Once the device has been successfully inserted, it can regain its flexibility by reducing the internal pressure. Importantly, the novel multilayer microfabrication process keeps the structural dimensions of the neurotentacle similar to those of a regular flexible probe. Therefore, the neurotentacle can produce an extremely low level of damage to brain tissue during its insertion phase, while extending its long-term biocompatibility and stability, which has been experimentally verified in histological evaluations conducted on both acute and chronic animal specimens. In addition, the chronically implanted neurotentacles enabled stable neural activity recordings in mice with an average spike yield of 96% and an average signal-to-noise ratio of 15.2. The proposed neurotentacle does not necessitate the use of complex devices and its insertion process is straightforward and highly controllable, thus rendering it an appealing technique for minimally invasive implantation and long-term neural recording of flexible electrodes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pei, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.21.604464</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Stiffness-tunable neurotentacles for minimally invasive implantation and long-term neural activity recordings]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.26.605289v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Segmentation and Feature Extraction of Fingernail Plate and Lunula Based on Deep Learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.26.605289v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This paper proposes a novel deep learning method for accurate segmentation of the fingernail plate and lunula. To achieve this, we designed a new network structure called Nailnet, which segments the fingernail from images of the whole hand. The results show that Nailnet achieved an Intersection over Union (IoU) score of 0.9529 and an accuracy of 0.9725 for fingernail plate segmentation. For lunula segmentation, Nailnet achieved an IoU score of 0.7784 and an accuracy of 0.8846. Additionally, Nailnet successfully recognized the fingernail index, enabling the extraction of various fingernail phenotypes, including plate color, plate shape, lunula color, and lunula proportion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>You, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ge, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhai, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.26.605289</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Segmentation and Feature Extraction of Fingernail Plate and Lunula Based on Deep Learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.29.605463v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unraveling the Web of Life: Incomplete lineage sorting and hybridization as primary mechanisms over polyploidization in the evolutionary dynamics of pear species 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.29.605463v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In contrast to the traditional Tree of Life (ToL) paradigm, the Web of Life (WoL) model provides a more nuanced and precise depiction of organismal phylogeny, particularly considering the prevalent incongruence observed among gene/species trees. The lack of a generalized pipeline for teasing apart potential evolutionary mechanisms--such as Incomplete Lineage Sorting (ILS), hybridization, introgression, polyploidization, and Whole-Genome Duplication--poses significant challenges to the delineation of the WoL. The pear genus Pyrus, characterized by extensive hybridization events, serves as an excellent model for investigating the WoL. This study introduces a novel Step-by-Step Exclusion (SSE) approach to deciphering the complexities inherent in the WoL. Our findings indicate: 1) ILS, rather than polyploidization, is identified as the primary driver behind the origin of Pyrus from the arid regions of the Himalayas-Central Asia; 2) the two subgenera of Pyrus have independent evolutionary trajectories, facilitated by the geographical barriers that arose via the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and increased aridity in Central Asia; 3) ILS and hybridization have facilitated the diversification of Oriental pears, while hybridization alone has driven the reticulate evolution of Occidental pears; 4) the establishment of the Silk Road during the Han Dynasty acted as a conduit for genetic exchange between Occidental and Oriental pears. The novel SSE approach provides a universally applicable framework for investigating evolutionary mechanisms defining the WoL paradigm.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jin, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hodel, R. G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.29.605463</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unraveling the Web of Life: Incomplete lineage sorting and hybridization as primary mechanisms over polyploidization in the evolutionary dynamics of pear species]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.30.605730v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intraperitoneal programming of tailored CAR macrophages via mRNA-LNP to boost cancer immunotherapy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.30.605730v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Therapeutic strategies for peritoneal metastasis in solid tumors are urgently needed in the clinic. Programming chimeric antigen receptor macrophages (CAR-Ms) in situ offers opportunities for an unmet demand. However, potential intracellular domains (ICDs) for CAR design and their antitumor mechanisms for macrophage empowerment remain to be explored systematically. By developing a targeted mRNA-LNP delivery system for macrophages, we have investigated 36 CAR combinations to determine the impact of CAR-Ms on immune regulation in vitro and in vivo. In two solid tumor mouse models, intraperitoneal programming of CAR-Ms was shown to elicit robust adaptive immune activation and significantly synergize with PD-1/L1 therapy. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis revealed that CAR-Ms could reshape the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and boost the TCF1+PD-1+ progenitor- exhausted CD8+ T cells (Tpex) population. Meanwhile, we found that tailored CAR-M with CD3{zeta}/TLR4 ICDs could favorably maintain proinflammatory phenotype and simultaneously upregulate MHC I and PD-L1 expression by perturbing NF-{kappa}B pathways. Moreover, the synergism between macrophage PD-L1 knockdown and CAR-M therapy highlighted the need to block the PD-1/L1 axis in antigen cross-presentation. In short, we developed an mRNA-LNP delivery system for intraperitoneal programming of tailored CAR-Ms in vivo and broadened understanding of both regulatory and feedback mechanisms for CAR-M therapies against solid tumors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ying, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.30.605730</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intraperitoneal programming of tailored CAR macrophages via mRNA-LNP to boost cancer immunotherapy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.28.610050v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GageTracker: a tool for dating gene age by micro- and macro-synteny with high speed and accuracy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.28.610050v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
With the advent of the Earth Genome Project, an increasing number of species' genomes presents exciting opportunities for exploring genetic and phenotypic diversity in organisms. Determining the origin time of genes facilitates the elucidation of crucial genetic mechanisms underlying significant biological evolutionary questions such as the transition from aquatic to terrestrial life, the emergence of mammals, the origin of humans, as well as the development of species- or lineage-specific traits. However, accurately determining the origin time of these genes in species separated by long evolutionary distances remains a major challenge in bioinformatics as these genes often undergo significant changes in their genome sequences, making it difficult to trace them back to their origin. Here, we proposed a new approach for dating gene age based on the micro- and macro-synteny algorithms. This approach employs the parallel computation of orthologous genome alignments across multiple species. Our method was integrated into the GageTracker (Gene Age Tracker) software, providing a fast and accurate way to trace gene age with minimal user input, available at https://github.com/RiversDong/GageTracker. Benchmarked against the simMammals dataset (Alignathon), GageTracker achieved the same high-quality genome alignments as the optimized LastZ aligner, but improved operation speed by 1.4-7 times. In a separate analysis of 12 Drosophila genomes, GageTracker efficiently assessed the ages of 23,720 genes (including ~13,965 protein-coding genes) in just ~22 hours with default parameters. When comparing with the GenTree database (recognized as the most comprehensive and accurate tool for evaluating gene age), GageTracker achieved an impressive ~94.4% accuracy and ~99% macro consistency in assessing the age of protein-coding genes. Moreover, for the ~5.6% conflicting genes, GageTracker displayed slightly higher support rates than GenTree, as evidenced by data from OrthoDB, FlyBase, and Ensembl ortholog databases. Notably, younger genes identified by GageTracker exhibited a preferential expression pattern in the testis, further reinforcing the reliability of GageTracker in accurately tracing gene age.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.28.610050</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GageTracker: a tool for dating gene age by micro- and macro-synteny with high speed and accuracy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.02.610893v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phytop: A tool for visualizing and recognizing signals of incomplete lineage sorting and hybridization using species trees output from ASTRAL 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.02.610893v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) and introgression/hybridization (IH) is prevalent in nature and thus frequently result in discrepancies within phylogenetic tree topologies, leading to misinterpretation of phylogenomic data. Despite the availability of numerous tools for detecting ILS and IH among species, many of these tools are lacking effective visualization, or are time-consuming, or require prior predetermination. Here, we addressed these shortcomings by developing a fast-running, user-friendly tool called Phytop. By defining ILS and IH indices to quantify ILS and IH, this tool can detect the extent of ILS and IH among lineages with high reliability, and can visualize them based on the gene tree topology patterns constructed using ASTRAL. We tested Phytop extensively using both simulated and real data, and found that it enables users to quickly and conveniently estimate the extent of ILS and IH, thus clarifying the phylogenetic uncertainty. Phytop is available at https://github.com/zhangrengang/phytop and is expected to conveniently contribute to the intuitive inference of genetic relationships among lineages in future research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.02.610893</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phytop: A tool for visualizing and recognizing signals of incomplete lineage sorting and hybridization using species trees output from ASTRAL]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.03.610799v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural and molecular basis of the epistasis effect in enhanced affinity between SARS-CoV-2 KP.3 and ACE2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.03.610799v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The recent emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants KP.2 and KP.3 has been marked by mutations F456L/R346T and F456L/Q493E, respectively, which significantly impact the viruss interaction with human ACE2 and its resistance to neutralizing antibodies. KP.3, featuring F456L and Q493E, exhibits a markedly enhanced ACE2 binding affinity compared to KP.2 and the JN.1 variant due to synergistic effects between these mutations. This study elucidated the structures of KP.2 and KP.3 RBD in complex with ACE2 using cryogenic electron microscopy (Cryo-EM) and decipher the structural and thermodynamic implications of these mutations on receptor binding by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, revealing that F456L mutation facilitates a more favorable binding environment for Q493E, leading to stronger receptor interactions which consequently enhance the potential for incorporating additional evasive mutations. These results underscore the importance of understanding mutational epistatic interactions in predicting SARS-CoV-2 evolution and optimizing vaccine updates. Continued monitoring of such epistatic effects is crucial for anticipating new dominant strains and preparing appropriate public health responses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Feng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jian, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.03.610799</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural and molecular basis of the epistasis effect in enhanced affinity between SARS-CoV-2 KP.3 and ACE2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.10.612215v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Contrasting patterns of specificity and transfer in human odor discrimination learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.10.612215v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Practice enhances olfactory performance. However, laboratory studies to date suggest that olfactory learning is largely restricted to the trained odors, posing a significant challenge for training-based rehabilitation therapies for olfactory loss. In this study, we introduce various types of odors to olfactory discrimination training, conducted unilaterally. We demonstrate contrasting patterns of specificity and transfer of learning, independent of adaptation and task difficulty. Individuals trained with odor mixtures of different ratios show long-term perceptual gains that completely transfer to the untrained nostril and effectively generalize to untrained mixtures dissimilar in structure and odor quality from the trained ones. Conversely, those trained with odor enantiomers show no transfer of learning across nostrils or to unrelated enantiomers, replicating our earlier findings (Feng & Zhou, 2019). Our observations indicate that concentration ratio and chirality represent distinct olfactory attributes. Furthermore, discrimination learning occurs at different stages of olfactory processing, depending on which attribute is task-relevant. These findings open up new avenues to enhance the effectiveness of olfactory training.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.10.612215</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Contrasting patterns of specificity and transfer in human odor discrimination learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.18.613624v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intra-hypothalamic circuit orchestrates β-endorphin release following coital ejaculation in male mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.18.613624v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Survey-based evidence suggests that men experience a distinct post-ejaculation affective state1,2, marked by intense pleasure sometimes compared to the euphoric rush from intravenous injection of opioid drugs such as heroin3. However, the intrinsic neural circuit mechanisms underlying the ejaculation-triggered affective state remain unclear. Here, we discovered that Calbindin1-expressing (Calb1+) neurons in the preoptic area (POA) of the hypothalamus, an evolutionarily conserved regulatory region for male mating behavior4, are specifically activated during ejaculation in male mice. Inhibiting POA Calb1+ neurons prolongs mating and delays ejaculation. Importantly, POA Calb1+ neurons transmit the ejaculation signal and activate proopiomelanocortin-expressing (Pomc+) neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, which show robust and sustained activity lasting for tens of seconds, specifically upon ejaculation. This activity is accompanied by elevated levels of {beta}-endorphins5, opioid peptides secreted by Pomc+ neurons, post-ejaculation in male mice. Optogenetic activation of Pomc+ neurons increases {beta}-endorphins levels and conditioned placed preference, similar to ejaculation. Conversely, intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of drugs blocking Pomc neuropeptides signaling eliminates ejaculation-conditioned place preference. Collectively, these results elucidate an intra-hypothalamic circuit from POA Calb1+ neurons to arcuate Pomc+ neurons that coordinate {beta}-endorphin release with ejaculation, shedding light on the neurobiological basis of the post-ejaculation affective state.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zha, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, X.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, M.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, S.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, A.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, X.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, R.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.18.613624</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intra-hypothalamic circuit orchestrates β-endorphin release following coital ejaculation in male mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.18.613673v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DNFE: Directed-network flow entropy for detecting the tipping points during biological processes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.18.613673v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
There generally exists a critical state or tipping point from a stable state to another in dynamic biological processes, beyond which a significant qualitative transition occurs. Identifying this tipping point and its driving network is essential to prevent or delay catastrophic consequences. However, most traditional approaches based on undirected networks still suffer from the problem of the robustness and effectiveness when applied to high-dimensional small sample data, especially for single-cell data. To address this challenge, we developed a directed-network flow entropy (DNFE) method which can transform measured omics data into a directed network. This method is applicable to both single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and bulk data. By applying this method to five real datasets, including three single-cell datasets and two bulk tumor datasets, the method can not only successfully detect the critical states as well as their dynamic network biomarkers, but also help explore regulatory relationships between genes. Numerical simulation indicates that the DNFE method is robust and superior to existing methods. Furthermore, DNFE has predicted active transcription factors (TFs), and further identified  dark genes, which are usually overlooked by traditional methods.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Peng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.18.613673</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DNFE: Directed-network flow entropy for detecting the tipping points during biological processes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.20.614122v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tetanizing wakeful consolidation: ten-hertz repetitive visual stimulation enhances the offline gain of visual learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.20.614122v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Consolidation of encoded information is vital for learning and memory, often explored during sleep. However, the consolidation during post-encoding offline wakefulness remains largely uncharted, especially regarding its modulation and brain mechanisms. Here, we unraveled frequency-dependent modulatory effects of repetitive visual stimulation (RVS) on wakeful consolidation of visual learning and investigated the underlying neural substrates. After training on an orientation discrimination task, exposure to 10-Hz grating-form RVS enhanced, while 1-Hz RVS deteriorated, the discrimination performance in a subsequent retest. However, 10-Hz uniform-disk RVS failed to facilitate wakeful consolidation, suggesting that alpha entrainment alone was not the facilitative mechanism. Using neuroimaging of multiple modalities, we observed augmented event-related potential and heightened neural excitation in the early visual cortex after 10-Hz grating-form RVS, implying an involvement of long-term potentiation-like (LTP-like) plasticity. Collectively, we provide a new photic method for modulating the offline processing of encoded sensory information and suggest a role of sensory tetanization in the modulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.20.614122</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tetanizing wakeful consolidation: ten-hertz repetitive visual stimulation enhances the offline gain of visual learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.19.613838v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
IgGM: A Generative Model for Functional Antibody and Nanobody Design 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.19.613838v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWImmunoglobulins are crucial proteins produced by the immune system to identify and bind to foreign substances, playing an essential role in shielding organisms from infections and diseases. Designing specific antibodies opens new pathways for disease treatment. With the rise of deep learning, AI-driven drug design has become possible, leading to several methods for antibody design. However, many of these approaches require additional conditions that differ from real-world scenarios, making it challenging to incorporate them into existing antibody design processes. Here, we introduce IgGM, a generative model for the de novo design of immunoglobulins with functional specificity. IgGM produces antibody sequences and structures simultaneously for a given antigen, consisting of three core components: a pre-trained language model for extracting sequence features, a feature learning module for identifying pertinent features, and a prediction module that outputs designed antibody sequences and the predicted complete antibody-antigen complex structure. IgGM has demonstrated its effectiveness in not only predicting structures but also designing novel antibodies and nanobodies. This makes it highly applicable in a wide range of practical situations related to antibody and nanobody design. 1
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.19.613838</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[IgGM: A Generative Model for Functional Antibody and Nanobody Design]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.19.613869v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Adaptive immunity shapes innate and epithelial cell landscapes by silencing tonic IFN-gamma in innate lymphoid cells during homeostasis. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.19.613869v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During homeostasis, innate and epithelial cells undergo continuous maturation, shaped by microbial, molecular and cellular interactions. While these cells influence adaptive immunity during steady-state conditions, the reciprocal homeostatic role of adaptive immune cells in the maturation and function of innate and epithelial cells remains underexplored. Here, through computational approaches and murine models, we establish that adaptive immunity shapes innate immune and epithelial homeostatic landscapes. Mechanistically, adaptive immunity acts as a brake on type 1 polarization and diversification of innate lymphocytes (ILCs). Without adaptive immunity, the innate cellular interactions within the mesenteric lymph nodes are dominated by an interferon-gamma (IFN{gamma}) signaling network. Moreover, the innate immune and epithelial cells follow distinct phenotypic and functional trajectories, including ILCs acquiring myeloid markers, monocytes adopting an inflammatory path, and colonic epithelial cells expressing altered antimicrobial peptides and losing Paneth-like features. Depleting ILCs, abolishing IFN{gamma} signaling, or restoring adaptive immunity reduces these IFN{gamma}-driven changes. Thus, our findings highlight a homeostatic function of adaptive immunity in modulating innate and epithelial cell communication, diversity, composition, function, and differentiation, notably by limiting ILC-derived IFN{gamma}.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mejri, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aoudi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Labiad, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mondot, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>IGALOUZENE, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Codan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez-Vargas, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rousseaux, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lapaque, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walzer, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marie, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soudja, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.19.613869</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Adaptive immunity shapes innate and epithelial cell landscapes by silencing tonic IFN-gamma in innate lymphoid cells during homeostasis.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.20.614201v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
snCED-seq: High-fidelity cryogenic enzymatic dissociation of nuclei for single-nucleus RNA-seq of FFPE tissues 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.20.614201v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Profiling cellular heterogeneity in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues is key to characterizing clinical specimens for biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and drug responses. Recent advancements in single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) techniques tailored for FFPE tissues have demonstrated their feasibility. However, isolation of high-quality nuclei from FFPE tissue with current methods remains challenging due to RNA cross-linking. We, therefore, proposed a novel strategy for the preparation of high-fidelity nuclei from FFPE samples, cryogenic enzymatic dissociation (CED) method, and performed snRandom-seq (snCED-seq) for polyformaldehyde (PFA)-fixed and FFPE brains to verify its applicability. The method is compatible with both PFA-based and FFPE brains or other organs with less hands-on time and lower reagent costs, and produced 10 times more nuclei than the homogenate method, without secondary degradation of RNA, and maximized the retention of RNA molecules within nuclei. snCED-seq shows 1.5-2 times gene and UMI numbers per nucleus, higher gene detection sensitivity and RNA coverage, and a minor rate of mitochondrial and ribosomal genes, compared with the nuclei from traditional method. The correlation gene expression of nucleus from the post-fixed and the frozen sample can be up to 94 %, and the gene expression of our nuclei was more abundant. Moreover, we applied snCED-seq to cellular heterogeneity study of the specimen on Alzheimers Disease (AD) to demonstrate a pilot application. Scarce Cajal Retzius cells in older mice were robustly detected in our data, and we successfully identified two subpopulations of disease-associated in astrocytes, microglia and oligodendrocytes, respectively. Meanwhile, we found that most cell types are affected at the transcriptional level by AD pathology, and there is a disease susceptibility gene set that affects these cell types similarly. Our method provides powerful nuclei for snRNA-seq studies for FFPE specimens, and even helps to reveal multi-omics information of clinical samples.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>yunxia, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Junjie, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruicheng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, G.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.20.614201</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[snCED-seq: High-fidelity cryogenic enzymatic dissociation of nuclei for single-nucleus RNA-seq of FFPE tissues]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.24.614691v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exploring the Biological Mechanisms of Severe COVID-19 in the Elderly: Insights from an Aged Mouse Model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.24.614691v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in a global health crisis, particularly affecting the elderly, who are more susceptible to severe outcomes. However, definitive parameters or mechanisms underlying the severity of COVID-19 in elderly people remain confused. Thus, this study seeks to elucidate the mechanism behind the increased vulnerability of elderly individuals to severe COVID-19. We employed an aged mouse model with a mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 strain to mimic the severe symptoms observed in elderly patients with COVID-19. Comprehensive analyses of the whole lung were performed using transcriptome and proteome sequencing, comparing data from aged and young mice. For transcriptome analysis, bulk RNA sequencing was conducted using an Illumina sequencing platform. Proteomic analysis was performed using mass spectrometry following protein extraction, digestion, and peptide labeling. We analyzed the transcriptome and proteome profiles of young and aged mice and discovered that aged mice exhibited elevated baseline levels of inflammation and tissue damage repair. After SARS-CoV-2 infection, aged mice showed increased antiviral and inflammatory responses; however, these responses were weaker than those in young mice, with significant complement and coagulation cascade responses. In summary, our study demonstrates that the increased vulnerability of the elderly to severe COVID-19 can be attributed to an attenuated antiviral response and the overactivation of complement and coagulation cascades.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ma, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ke, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.24.614691</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exploring the Biological Mechanisms of Severe COVID-19 in the Elderly: Insights from an Aged Mouse Model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.26.614923v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Diverse defense systems synergistically drive the microbe-virus arms race in deep sea cold seeps 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.26.614923v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cold seeps host diverse microbes and viruses with numerous unexplored defense and anti-defense systems. Analysis of 3,813 microbial and 13,336 viral genomes from 191 metagenomes across 17 cold seep sites reveals extensive microbial defense repertoires, with over 60% representing candidate systems. Experimental validation confirms that several candidates protect against viral infection. These defense systems frequently co-occur, suggesting potential synergistic interactions, and are broadly distributed across sediments. In response, viruses have evolved diverse anti-defense genes, and the concurrent presence of multiple viral and microbial systems highlights intricate coevolution. Functionally critical lineages, such as anaerobic methanotrophic archaea, sulfate-reducing bacteria, and diazotrophs, appear to modify their defensive strategies under ecological and environmental pressures; for example, sulfate-reducing bacteria harbor multiple Gabija systems while corresponding viruses carry anti-Gabija genes, illustrating specific coevolutionary adaptations. Overall, these findings underscore the critical role of virus-microbe interactions in shaping microbial metabolic functions and environmental adaptation in deep-sea ecosystems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Han, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jian, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.26.614923</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Diverse defense systems synergistically drive the microbe-virus arms race in deep sea cold seeps]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.25.614839v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
FishCODE: a web-based information platform for comprehensive omics data exploration in fish research 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.25.614839v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In terms of the utilization of omics data, the current fish database analysis functions are primarily relatively simple tools at the transcriptional level, aimed at obtaining the co-expression levels of specified genes or the data visualization of multiple genes, and do not enable users to perform comprehensive omics data analysis. Furthermore, the gene-level information currently provided by these multispecies fish genomics databases is incomplete, and there is a lack of a comprehensive portal that can offer multidimensional genetic information. To address these challenges, we collected extensive multi-omics information on 35 fishes and established the primary comprehensive multi-omics data information platform for fish, FishCODE (http://bioinfo.ihb.ac.cn/fishcode). We have collected experimental background of dataset which pertaining to the target fishes, selected a range of datasets that encompass a broad spectrum of research areas, and downloaded the corresponding raw omics data from public repositories such as the Sequence Read Archive (SRA). Through a unified pipeline analysis, FishCODE contains 11,216 samples from 540 sets of genomic, transcriptomic, and methylomic datasets. These data encompass transcript structure and expression, gene methylation levels, protein domains, protein subcellular localization, protein interactions, best matched protein (Swiss-Prot), associated SNP site information (47,111,018), orthologous genes, phylogenetic tree and GO/KEGG annotations. To facilitate comparison, we annotated the experimental background data sets of the FishCODE, FishGET, PhyloFish, FishSED and FishSCT databases using the Fish Experimental Condition Ontology. Currently, the FishCODE database omics dataset includes 146 unique experimental condition words, 654 cumulative experimental condition words, and 13 species with rich experimental background (more than 20 unique FECO words). These data are 3.5 times (42), 8.3 times (74), and 6.5 times (2) those of the second-ranked databases respectively. We generated word cloud maps for the experimental condition vocabularies of FishCODE and FishGET, illustrating the superior richness of FishCODEs experimental background.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Younas, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, X.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.25.614839</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[FishCODE: a web-based information platform for comprehensive omics data exploration in fish research]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.05.616753v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
C-Reactive Protein Drives Potent Clearance of Blood Bacteria in the Liver by Activating the Complement System 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.05.616753v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) is widely used as a biomarker for bacterial infections due to its massive induction during infections, however, the precise function of CRP in bacterial infections remains undefined. Here we show that CRP enables Kupffer cells (liver macrophages) to capture and eliminate a wide range of encapsulated bacteria from the bloodstream of mice and thereby provides rapid and effective immunity. Mechanistically, CRP binds to the structurally diverse capsular polysaccharides of major Gram-positive and -negative pathogens, and thereby activates complement C3 at the bacterial surface. The C3-opsonized microbes are in turn captured by C3 receptors on the surface of Kupffer cells, and eliminated in the liver sinusoids. Since CRP principally shares the functional features of antibodies in pathogen recognition/execution, CRP-based defense combines the broad spectrum of the innate immunity with the swiftness, potency and specificity of the adaptive immunity, which helps explain massive rise of CRP during systemic bacterial infections.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, G. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.05.616753</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[C-Reactive Protein Drives Potent Clearance of Blood Bacteria in the Liver by Activating the Complement System]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.17.618875v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanical control of germ cell specification in Arabidopsis anthers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.17.618875v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A central question in developmental biology is how the germline is established. We have studied the specification of the male germ cells (GCs) within the anther1-3. Hereby, we have focused on the potential role of mechanics, an aspect of anther development which has been very poorly characterized2,4. Using a combination of live imaging and mechanical measurements, we provide evidence that GCs originate in a special micro-mechanical niche, where inner tissues exert  push on outer cell layers, placing them under compression. Mechanical perturbations significantly disrupted the GC specification and patterning. Moreover, we found that the master genetic regulator SPOROCYTELESS/NOZZLE (SPL/NZZ)5,6 is central in establishing this micro-mechanical environment by softening the cell wall. The mechanical cues, in turn, stabilize the transcription of SPL/NZZ. We propose here an intrinsic growth-derived mechano-chemical feedback loop that drives germ-cell fate acquisition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.17.618875</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanical control of germ cell specification in Arabidopsis anthers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.29.618823v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phage CRISPR-like regulatory RNAs silence bacterial adaptive and innate immunity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.29.618823v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In prokaryotes, arrayed CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) guide Cas proteins to destroy phage DNA/RNA, while solitary crRNA-like RNAs (crlRNAs) program Cas proteins for auto-regulation or to control abortive infection (Abi)-inducing toxins that activate when CRISPR-Cas fails. Here, we report that phages exploit crlRNA mimics to hijack these multi-layered host defenses. Pseudomonas aeruginosa phages use crlRNAs to thwart CRISPR-Cas immunity by inhibiting Cas expression, or to block Abi by silencing an unprecedented RNA toxin that features consecutive proline codons. Remarkably, the anti-CRISPR protein AcrIF24 selectively inhibits Cas proteins loaded with host crRNAs/crlRNAs, while allowing those complexed with viral crlRNAs to synergistically block Abi responses, as viral crlRNAs have co-adaptively evolved shorter spacer sequences. Furthermore, viral crlRNAs frequently organize as multiplexed arrays, mirroring the architecture of bacterial CRISPRs. Our findings showcase how phage RNAs hijack Cas proteins to silence multi-layered bacterial defenses, and highlight the delicate synergy between RNA and protein-based anti-CRISPR strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mestre, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinilla-Redondo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.29.618823</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phage CRISPR-like regulatory RNAs silence bacterial adaptive and innate immunity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.01.621525v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Differential destinations, dynamics, and functions of high- and low-order features in the feedback signal during object processing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.01.621525v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Brain is a hierarchical information processing system, in which the feedback signals from high-level to low-level regions are critical. The feedback signals may convey complex high-order features (e.g., category, identity) and simple low-order features (e.g., orientation, spatial frequency) to sensory cortex to interact with the feedforward information, but how these types of feedback information are represented and how they differ in facilitating visual processing is unclear. The current study used the peripheral object discrimination task, 7T fMRI, and MEG to isolate feedback from feedforward signals in human early visual cortex. The results showed that feedback signals conveyed both low-order features natively encoded in early visual cortex and high-order features generated in high-level regions, but with different spatial and temporal properties. The high-order feedback information targeted both superficial and deep layers, whereas the low-order feedback information reached only deep layers in V1. In addition, MEG results revealed that the feedback information from occipito-temporal to early visual cortex emerged around 200 ms after stimulus onset, and only the representational strength of high-order feedback information was significantly correlated with behavioral performance. These results indicate that the complex and simple components of feedback information play different roles in predictive processing mechanisms to facilitate sensory processing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hou, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.01.621525</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Differential destinations, dynamics, and functions of high- and low-order features in the feedback signal during object processing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.29.620765v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deep generative model for protein subcellular localization prediction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.29.620765v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein sequence determines not only its structure but also its subcellular localization. Although a series of artificial intelligence models have been reported to predict protein subcellular localization, most of them provide only textual outputs. Here, we present deepGPS, a deep generative model for protein subcellular localization prediction. After trained with both protein primary sequences and protein subcellular localization fluorescence images, deepGPS shows the ability to predict cytoplasmic and nuclear localizations by reporting both textual labels and generative images as outputs. In addition, deepGPS shows potential to be further extended for other types of subcellular localization prediction, even with limited input data volumes for training. Finally, an openGPS website (https://bits.fudan.edu.cn/opengps) is constructed to provide a public and convenient platform for protein subcellular localization prediction with the scientific community.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, G.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouyang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.29.620765</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deep generative model for protein subcellular localization prediction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.29.620788v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PreDigs: a Database of Context-specific Cell-type Markers and Precise cell subtypes for Digestive Cell Annotation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.29.620788v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Research on cell type markers aids investigators in exploring the diverse cellular compositions within gastrointestinal tumors, enhancing our understanding of tumor heterogeneity and its implications for disease progression and treatment response. However, issues such as the integration of large-scale datasets and the lack of standardized cell type identification hinder comprehensive characterization. Here, we developed a user-friendly web interface called PreDigs (Predicted Signatures in Digestive System), which offers 124 tailored scRNA-seq datasets available for download, encompassing over 3.4 million cells. After unsupervised clustering, we unified the identification and naming of subtype labels, ultimately constructing a cell ontology tree that includes 142 cell types, with up to eight hierarchical levels. Meanwhile, we calculated three different context-specific cell-type markers--Cell Markers,  Subtype Markers, and  TPN Markers--based on various application requirements within or across tissues. Through the integrated analysis of PreDigs gastrointestinal data, we identified distinct cell subpopulations exclusive to tumors, one of which corresponds to tumor-specific endothelial cells (TEC). Furthermore, PreDigs offers online cell annotation tools that empower users to perform single-cell classification with greater flexibility, accessible at https://www.biosino.org/predigs/.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Meng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ju, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lv, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.29.620788</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PreDigs: a Database of Context-specific Cell-type Markers and Precise cell subtypes for Digestive Cell Annotation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.06.622326v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-dimensional social relationships shape social attention in monkeys 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.06.622326v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Social relationships guide individual behavior and ultimately shape the fabric of society. Primates exhibit particularly complex, differentiated, and multidimensional social relationships, which form interwoven social networks, reflecting both individual social tendencies and specific dyadic interactions. How the patterns of behavior that underlie these social relationships emerge from moment-to-moment patterns of social information processing remains unclear. Here, we assess social relationships among a group of four monkeys, focusing on aggression, grooming, and proximity. We show that individual differences in social attention vary with individual differences in patterns of general social tendencies and patterns of individual engagement with specific partners. Oxytocin administration altered social attention and its relationship to both social tendencies and dyadic relationships, particularly grooming and aggression. Our findings link the dynamics of visual information sampling to the dynamics of primate social networks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Platt, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.06.622326</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-dimensional social relationships shape social attention in monkeys]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.07.622410v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Language model generates cis-regulatory elements across prokaryotes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.07.622410v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Deep learning had succeeded in designing Cis-regulatory elements (CREs) for certain species, but necessitated training data derived from experiments. Here, we present Promoter-Factory, a protocol that leverages language models (LM) to design CREs for prokaryotes without experimental prior. Millions of sequences were drawn from thousands of prokaryotic genomes to train a suite of language models, named PromoGen2, and achieved the highest zero-shot promoter strength prediction accuracy among tested LMs. Artificial CREs designed with Promoter-Factory achieved a 100% success rate to express gene in Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus licheniformis. Furthermore, most of the promoters designed targeting Jejubacter sp. L23, a halophilic bacterium without available CREs, were active and successfully drove lycopene overproduction. The generation of 2 million putative promoters across 1,757 prokaryotic genera, along with the Promoter-Factory protocol, will significantly expand the sequence space and facilitate the development of an extensive repertoire of prokaryotic CREs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huo, Y.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.07.622410</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Language model generates cis-regulatory elements across prokaryotes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.11.622903v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Increased preference for lysine over arginine in spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86 variant and its sublineages 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.11.622903v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The COVID-19 pandemic offered an unprecedented glimpse into the evolution of its causative virus, SARS-CoV-2. It has been estimated that since its outbreak in late 2019, the virus has explored all possible alternatives in terms of missense mutations for all sites of its polypeptide chain. Spike protein of the virus exhibits the largest sequence variation in particular, with many individual mutations impacting target recognition, cellular entry, and endosomal escape of the virus. Moreover, recent studies unveiled a significant increase in the total charge on the spike protein during the evolution of the virus in the initial period of the pandemic. While this trend has recently come to a halt, we perform a sequence-based analysis of the spike protein of 2665 SARS-CoV-2 variants which shows that mutations in ionizable amino acids continue to occur with the newly emerging variants, with notable differences between lineages from different clades. What is more, we show that within mutations of amino acids which can acquire positive charge, the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 exhibits a prominent preference for lysine residues over arginine residues. This lysine-to-arginine ratio increased at several points during spike protein evolution, most recently with BA.2.86 and its sublineages, including the recently dominant JN.1, KP.3, and XEC variants. The increased ratio is a consequence of mutations in different structural regions of the spike protein and is now among the highest among viral species in the Coronaviridae family. The impact of high lysine-to-arginine ratio in the spike proteins of BA.2.86 and its daughter lineages on viral fitness remains unclear; we discuss several potential mechanisms that could play a role and that can serve as a starting point for further studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bozic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Podgornik, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.11.622903</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Increased preference for lysine over arginine in spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86 variant and its sublineages]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.19.624397v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Beta burst characteristics and coupling within the sensorimotor cortical-subthalamic nucleus circuit in Parkinson's disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.19.624397v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundBursts of exaggerated subthalamic nucleus (STN) beta activity contribute to clinical impairments in Parkinsons disease (PD). Few studies have explored the characteristics and coupling of bursts across the sensorimotor cortical-STN circuit.

ObjectiveWe sought to (1) establish the characteristics of sensorimotor cortical and STN bursts during naturalistic behaviours, and (2) determine the predictability of STN bursts from motor cortical recordings.

MethodsWe analysed 1,478 hours of wirelessly streamed bilateral sensorimotor cortical and STN recordings from 5 PD patients.

ResultsSTN bursts were longer than cortical bursts and had shorter inter-burst intervals. Long bursts (>200ms) in both structures displayed temporal overlap (>30%), with an estimated cortico-STN conduction delay of 8ms. Furthermore, approximately 27% of all STN bursts were preceded by a cortical burst.

ConclusionCortical beta bursts tend to precede STN beta bursts, with short delays. However, subcortical mechanisms are also likely to contribute to STN burst initiation and propagation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdi-Sargezeh, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hahn, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Starr, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Little, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oswal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.19.624397</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Beta burst characteristics and coupling within the sensorimotor cortical-subthalamic nucleus circuit in Parkinson's disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.19.624414v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chaperonin TRiC bridges radial spokes for folding proteins locally translated in mammalian sperm flagella 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.19.624414v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
As animals evolved from external to internal fertilization, sperm flagella, which once transiently propelled sperm in water to reach nearby eggs, developed to beat for days or even longer within the female reproductive tract. How flagella were remodeled accordingly remains unclear. Unlike externally fertilizing zebrafish and sea urchin, mammalian sperm flagella feature a unique barrel-shaped bridge between axonemal radial spokes RS1 and RS2, though its components and function remain unknown. Here, using cryo-EM and cryo-ET combined with mass spectrometry and immunofluorescence staining, we reveal that this RS1-RS2 barrel (RRB) in mammalian sperm flagella is a group II chaperonin TRiC/CCT. We purified and resolved the unforeseen cryo-EM structure of TRiC from bovine sperm flagella, discovering that flagella TRiC contains the testis-specific CCT6B subunit. Additionally, we resolved the cryo-ET map of mouse sperm flagella RSs, containing the RRB, achieving unprecedented local resolution of 10-14 [A]. The in-situ RRB map displays two extra densities within its chambers in a polarized manner, suggesting the presence of folding substrates and a co-chaperone (likely phosducin-like 2). Notably, mammalian flagella also contain components of translation machineries and actively synthesize proteins. Our results suggest that the RRB TRiC folds locally translated proteins to sustain mammalian flagella, providing new insights into flagellar remodeling in internally fertilizing species. Our findings also shed lights on male fertility and potential treatments for infertility.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.19.624414</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chaperonin TRiC bridges radial spokes for folding proteins locally translated in mammalian sperm flagella]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.20.624524v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exploring the Hypothetical Role of Bacteroides Species in Depression Progression: Insights from Metagenomic Analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.20.624524v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Depression, a psychiatric disorder with significant morbidity and mortality, has a complex etiology. Recent advances in microbiome research have highlighted the potential role of gut microbiota in depression pathogenesis. This study utilized shotgun metagenomic sequencing to compare the fecal microbiota of 28 depression patients and 26 healthy individuals. Significant differences in gut microbiota composition were observed between the two groups. We generated 350 non-redundant high-quality metagenome-assembled Genomes (MAGs) by binning and conducted comparisons between the depression and control groups. Notably, we found that the MAGs enriched in people with depression mostly belonged to Bactendicating a close link between Bacteroides abundance and the development of depression, suggesting that Bacteroides might be a potential culprit for deroides, ipression. In the depression group, we found that the module of nitric oxide synthesis was remarkably enriched, and all Bacteroides MAGs were annotated to nitric oxide synthase, suggesting that increased levels of Bacteroides may contribute to elevated nitric oxide synthesis. Specifically, the mean relative abundance about the genomes of Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Bacteroides caccae, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides stercoris and Bacteroides ovatus showed strong discriminatory power in distinguishing depressed patients from healthy individuals (AUC=0.834). This research shed light on the potential role of gut microbiota in depression and highlights specific metabolic pathways and microbial markers for further investigation.

ImprotanceThis research highlighted significant differences in the composition and function of gut microbiota between individuals with depression and healthy individuals, particularly the enrichment of Bacteroides MAGs in depression patients. The upregulation of the nitric oxide synthesis pathway associated with these MAGs belong to Bacteroides in the gut of depression patients had also been observed. The mean relative abundance of a specific set of Bacteroides MAGs had been identified, which could accurately classify individuals with depression from healthy individuals (AUC=0.834). Our results suggest the importance of exploring microbial markers as potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets in managing depression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Min, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.20.624524</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exploring the Hypothetical Role of Bacteroides Species in Depression Progression: Insights from Metagenomic Analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.21.624667v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cardiolipin-mimic lipid nanoparticles without antibody modification delivered senolytic in-vivo CAR-T therapy for inflamm-aging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.21.624667v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
mRNA-based in vivo CAR T cell engineering offers advantages over ex vivo therapies, including streamlined manufacturing and transient expression. However, current delivery requires antibody-modified vehicles with manufacturing challenges. In this study, inspired by cardiolipin, we identified a cardiolipin-like di-phosphoramide lipid that improved T cell transfection without targeting ligands, both in vivo and in vitro. The T cell-favored tropism is likely due to the lipids packing, shape, and rigidity. Encapsulating circular RNA further prolonged mRNA expression in the spleen and T cells. Using PL40 lipid nanoparticles, we delivered mRNA encoding a CAR targeting the senolytic and inflammatory antigen urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), alleviating uPAR-related liver fibrosis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Single cell sequencing in humans confirmed uPARs relevance to senescence and inflammation in RA. To further enhance clinical translation, we screened and humanized scFvs against uPAR, establishing PL40 mRNA encoding a circular human uPAR CAR, with potential for treating aging-inflamed disorders.

One Sentence SummaryWeve developed a unique class of Cardiolipin-mimic lipids that facilitate mRNA delivery to T cells in vivo without the need for antibody modification, enhancing the treatment of liver fibrosis and rheumatoid arthritis through circular CAR uPAR RNA and propelling the clinical application of humanized CAR against human uPAR.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>You, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gui, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.21.624667</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cardiolipin-mimic lipid nanoparticles without antibody modification delivered senolytic in-vivo CAR-T therapy for inflamm-aging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.22.624786v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BioLLM: A Standardized Framework for Integrating and Benchmarking Single-Cell Foundation Models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.22.624786v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The application and evaluation of single cell foundational models (scFMs) present significant challenges stemming from the heterogeneity of architectural frameworks and coding standards. To address these issues, we introduce BioLLM, a framework facilitating the integration and application of scFMs in single-cell RNA sequencing data analysis. BioLLM provides a universal interface, bridging diverse scFMs into a seamless ecosystem. By mitigating architectural disparities and coding conventions, it empowers researchers with streamlined access to scFMs. With standardized APIs and comprehensive documentation, BioLLM streamlines model switching and comparative analyses, while incorporating best practices for consistent model evaluation. Our comprehensive evaluation of scFMs revealed distinct strengths and limitations, highlighting scGPTs robust performance across all tasks, both in zero-shot and fine-tuning scenarios. Geneformer and scFoundation also demonstrated strong capabilities in gene-level tasks, benefiting from effective pretraining strategies. In contrast, scBERT underperformed relative to other models, likely attributable to its considerably smaller parameter count and the limited size of the training dataset. Ultimately, BioLLM aims to empower the scientific community to leverage the full potential of foundational models, advancing our understanding of complex biological systems through enhanced single-cell analysis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qiu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Q. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.22.624786</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BioLLM: A Standardized Framework for Integrating and Benchmarking Single-Cell Foundation Models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.23.624830v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In situ Membrane Protein Expression by Efficient Recruitment of mRNA to the Membranes of Synthetic Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.23.624830v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The synthesis of artificial cells is crucial for understanding the origins of life. In synthetic cells, however, the absence of membrane-bound organelles and auxiliary proteins severely limits the efficient expression and precise localization of membrane proteins using cell-free expression systems. Here we introduce a robust method that significantly enhances membrane protein synthesis by recruiting mRNA to phospholipid membranes. This is achieved through the use of cholesterol-modified, single-stranded DNA that anchors to the membrane and pairs with the mRNAs untranslated region. This strategic placement facilitates the assembly of protein expression machinery, promoting direct co-translational folding at the membrane. Our approach not only ensures correct protein topology and functionality but also demonstrates broad applicability for the in situ expression of various membrane proteins. It effectively addresses the challenges of membrane protein localization and assembly in synthetic cells, showcasing its versatility for synthesizing a wide array of membrane proteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.23.624830</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In situ Membrane Protein Expression by Efficient Recruitment of mRNA to the Membranes of Synthetic Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.26.625429v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification and genomic characterization of a novel bisegmented coronavirus in the lesser panda 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.26.625429v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are enveloped positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses and are renowned for their capacity to infect a diverse range of animals, including humans. In this study, we report the identification and characterization of a novel bisegmented coronavirus, designated LpCoV, from a dead lesser panda, which exhibited severe clinical manifestations and lesions in multiple organs. The LpCoV represents the first documented coronavirus with a unique bisegmented genome while maintaining the typical coronavirus morphology. One genomic segment encodes the ORF1ab polyprotein, while the other segment encodes the spike and nucleocapsid proteins, notably lacking the envelope (E) and membrane (M) genes. The pairwise patristic distances of the five concatenated domains in the replicase region (3CLpro, NiRAN, RdRP, ZBD, and HEL1) between LpCoV and -{delta} coronaviruses range from 1.19 to 1.70. Based on the classification criteria established by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), LpCoV is proposed to constitute a new genus within the Coronaviridae family. An epidemiological investigation identified five LpCoV-like viruses in lesser pandas from two different provinces (Sichuan and Jiangsu) indicating the long-term circulation and expansion of bisegmented coronaviruses in wildlife. These findings highlight the imperative for comprehensive viral surveillance in wildlife, which is essential for understanding and mitigating the risk of animal diseases and zoonotic spillover.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>chen, x.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shan, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuo, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>You, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irwin, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.26.625429</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification and genomic characterization of a novel bisegmented coronavirus in the lesser panda]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.26.625355v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Env from EIAV vaccine delicately regulates NLRP3 activation via attenuating NLRP3-NEK7 interaction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.26.625355v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The current equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) vaccine causes attenuation of the inflammatory response to an appropriate level, compared to that produced by virulent EIAV. However, how the EIAV vaccine finely regulates the inflammatory response remains unclear. Using a constructed NLRP3-IL-1{beta} screening system, viral proteins from two EIAV strains (the attenuated vaccine and its virulent mother strain) were examined separately. Firstly, EIAV-Env was screened to direct binding P2X7(R) with notable K+ efflux trans-cellularly. Secondly, EIAV-Env was found to bind NLRP3 and/or NEK7 to trigger aggregation of NLRP3-NEK7 to form NLRP3-NEK7 complex in cells. Comparison of the two strains, we observed a significant reduction on vaccine-Env-initiated NLRP3-NEK7 complex formation, with no difference in Env triggering P2X7(R)-mediated ion fluxes. Thirdly, reciprocally mutation on four stable varied amino acids between two strains produced an anticipated outcome on NLRP3-IL-1{beta}-axis activation. As the attenuated vaccine was shown evolved as a natural quasispecies of the virulent EIAV, its precise and adaptable regulation via spatial proximity-dependent intracellular activation might present a "win-win" virus-host adaption, offering an alternative strategy on HIV vaccine development.

Author SummaryHere, we report that EIAV-Env mediates NLRP3 inflammasome activation through two distinct pathways. The first pathway involves a transcellular mechanism driven by K+ flux, which couples Env-P2X7 interaction. The second pathway entails direct intracellular binding between Env and NLRP3, promoting the assembly of NLRP3-NEK7 and subsequent inflammasome formation. Notably, we observed a marked difference in NLRP3 inflammasome activation between the vaccine and virulent strains, which was reflected in the extent of Env-mediated NLRP3-NEK7 aggregation. This study not only enhances our understanding of lentivirus-host immune interactions but also contributes to the broader discourse on virus evolution and host-induced inflammation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guo, x.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, c.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, h.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, s.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Na, l.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, h.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.26.625355</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Env from EIAV vaccine delicately regulates NLRP3 activation via attenuating NLRP3-NEK7 interaction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.28.625962v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deep-learning-enabled generative prevalent mutation prediction through host-to-herd in silico virus evolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.28.625962v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Predicting the mutation prevalence trends of emerging viruses in the real world is an efficient means to update vaccines or drugs in advance. It is crucial to develop a computational method for the prediction of real-world prevalent SARS-CoV-2 mutations considering the impact of multiple selective pressures within and between hosts. Here, a deep-learning generative framework for real-world prevalent SARS-CoV-2 mutation prediction, named ViralForesight, is developed on top of protein language models and in silico virus evolution. Through the paradigm of host-to-herd in silico virus evolution, ViralForesight reproduced previous real-world prevalent SARS-CoV-2 mutations for multiple lineages with superior performance. More importantly, ViralForesight correctly predicted the future prevalent mutations that dominate the COVID-19 pandemic in the real world more than half a year in advance with in vitro experimental validation. Overall, ViralForesight demonstrates a proactive approach to the prevention of emerging viral infections, accelerating the process of discovering future prevalent mutations with the power of generative deep learning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nie, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Si, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.28.625962</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deep-learning-enabled generative prevalent mutation prediction through host-to-herd in silico virus evolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.03.626522v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The comprehensive detection of hemoglobinopathy variants via long-read sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.03.626522v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BACKGROUNDThe genetic complexity of hemoglobin genes, characterized by high GC content and homologous sequences, poses significant challenges for detecting hemoglobin variants in clinical settings.

METHODSA long-read indexed PCR method utilizing the novel CycloneSEQ nanopore sequencing platform was developed to detect all variant types, including single nucleotide variants (SNVs), deletions, structural variants (SVs) in HBA, HBB, HBD, and HBG genes. The method was validated using 507 clinical samples to assess its performance.

RESULTSThe long-read indexed PCR system employed 13 primers targeting the hemoglobin gene clusters. This design enabled the detection of 37 types of HBA deletions, 5 SV (3 multicopies (, anti3.7, anti4.2) and 2 fusion allele (HK and anti-HK)), 37 HBB deletions, and all SNVs in the targeted regions. Validation across 507 samples (84 with HBA variants, 60 with HBB variants, 256 with both HBA and HBB variants, and 107 with no known variants) demonstrated 100.0% sensitivity and specificity. Additionally, the long-read sequencing enabled phasing of variants within hemoglobin genes, providing insights critical for clinical interpretation.

CONCLUSIONSThe long-read indexed PCR method, combined with the CycloneSEQ nanopore sequencing platform, proved to be a robust and efficient solution for detecting hemoglobinopathy variants. The integration of indexed primers and barcoding enhances scalability, making this method ideal for large-scale population screening programs in the future.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xiang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>You, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.03.626522</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The comprehensive detection of hemoglobinopathy variants via long-read sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.03.626701v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ANKRD5: a key component of the axoneme required for spermmotility and male fertility 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.03.626701v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sperm motility is essential for male fertility and depends on the structural integrity of the sperm axoneme, which features a canonical "9+2" microtubule arrangement. This structure comprises nine outer doublet microtubules (DMTs) that are associated with various macromolecular complexes. Among them, the nexin-dynein regulatory complex (N-DRC) forms crossbridges between adjacent DMTs, contributing to their stabilization and enabling flagellar bending. In this study, we investigated Ankyrin repeat domain 5 (ANKRD5, also known as ANK5 or ANKEF1), a protein highly expressed in the sperm axoneme. We found that ANKRD5 interacts with DRC5/TCTE1 and DRC4/GAS8, two key components of the N-DRC, and these interactions occur independently of calcium regulation. Male Ankrd5-/- mice exhibited impaired sperm motility and infertility. Cryo-electron tomography revealed a typical "9+2" axoneme structure with intact DMTs in Ankrd5 null sperm; however, the DMTs showed pronounced morphological variability and increased structural heterogeneity. Notably, ANKRD5 deficiency did not alter ATP levels, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, or mitochondrial membrane potential. These findings suggest that ANKRD5 may attenuate the N-DRCs mechanical buffering-akin to a "car bumper"-between adjacent DMTs, thereby compromising axonemal stability under high mechanical stress during vigorous flagellar beating.

Graphic Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=184 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/626701v3_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (39K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1ca36eforg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@dcafe3org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@9f6086org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@17a0a0b_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG Significance StatementMale infertility affects approximately 8%-12% of men globally, with defects in sperm motility accounting for over 80% of these cases. The axoneme, which functions as the motor apparatus of the sperm, adopts a canonical "9+2" microtubule arrangement, where the nexin-dynein regulatory complex (N-DRC) plays a critical role in providing structural support between adjacent outer microtubule doublets. Elucidating the interplay between the structural organization and protein composition of the N-DRC is essential for advancing the understanding of male reproductive biology. In this study, we identify ANKRD5 as a new component of N-DRC that is essential for maintaining normal sperm motility. These findings contribute to the molecular understanding of sperm motility and highlight ANKRD5 as a potential target for the development of novel male contraceptives.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.03.626701</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ANKRD5: a key component of the axoneme required for spermmotility and male fertility]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.20.629524v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Radiation damage behavior of soft matter in ultrafast cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-UEM) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.20.629524v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Whether time-modulated pulsed-electron imaging in ultrafast electron microscopy (UEM) can mitigate the electron radiation damage that occurs to samples, is still controversial. The effectiveness of such mitigation effect and relevant potential application in cryo-EM remain to be explored. Herein, we built an ultrafast cryo-EM (cryo-UEM) device based on an ultrafast laser system. Using such equipment and the saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds (C44H90), the fading curves of diffraction intensity and corresponding critical electron doses (Ne) of the samples were carefully measured under different imaging modes, temperatures, imaging dose rates and pulsed repetition rates. Our experimental results show that, the fading curves and Ne values of the C44H90 crystals are uncorrelated with the imaging electron dose rates and do not show dependence on the dose-rate effect. As the temperature decreased, the Ne values of the sample increased, indicating the cryoprotective effect on radiation damage to the samples. Surprisingly, at a constant temperature, the fading curves and Ne values of the sample in multi-electrons-packet and near-single-electron-packet pulsed modes are all approximately the same as those in conventional continuous electron-beam mode, even when the results are obtained at different pulsed repetition rates. These results show that the time-modulated pulsed electron beam does not seem to mitigate the electron radiation damage that occurs on samples. Our findings offer new insights and experimental basis for the radiation damage behavior of samples under electron beams, and provide guidance and inspiration for elucidating the fundamental principles of radiation damage.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.20.629524</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Radiation damage behavior of soft matter in ultrafast cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-UEM)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.20.629585v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Palette of Bridged Bicycle-Strengthened Fluorophores 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.20.629585v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Organic fluorophores are the keystone of advanced biological imaging. The vast chemical space of fluorophores has been extensively explored in seek of molecules with ideal properties. However, within the current molecular constraints, there appears to be a trade-off between high brightness, robust photostability, and tunable biochemical properties. Herein we report a general strategy to systematically boost the performance of donor-acceptor-type fluorophores by leveraging SO2 and O-substituted azabicyclo[3.2.1] octane auxochromes. These bicyclic heterocycles give rise to a collection of  Bridged dyes (BD) spanning the UV and visible range with top-notch quantum efficiencies, enhanced water solubility, and tunable cell-permeability. Notably, these azabicyclic fluorophores showed remarkable photostability than its tetramethyl or azatidine analogue, at the same time completely resistant to oxidative photobluing rendered by the Bredts rule. Functionalized BD dyes are tailored for applications in single-molecule imaging, super-resolution imaging (STED and SIM) in fixed or live mammalian cells and plant cells, and live zebrafish imaging or chemigenetic voltage imaging. Synergizing with advanced imaging methods, the bridge bicycle dyes represent a versatile palette for biological researches.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.20.629585</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Palette of Bridged Bicycle-Strengthened Fluorophores]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.17.628818v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Development of a novel peripherally acting alpha2A-adrenergic receptor antagonist for anti-diabetic 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.17.628818v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Yohimbine, a potent alpha2A-adrenergic receptor (2AAR) antagonist, was found therapeutic potential for type 2 diabetes through improving insulin release. However, the adverse side effects mediated by its actions in the brain hampered its use. Here, based on molecular docking analysis and structural modification, we have developed a novel peripherally acting yohimbine derivative (CDS479-2). CryoEM data found that yohimbine and CDS479-2 have similar interactions with the structure of 2AAR. Importantly, CDS479-2 shows similar 2AAR antagonist activity as yohimbine, but with very limited access to the brain, and thus avoiding the unwanted central effects such as hypertension and anxiety. Acute administration of CDS479-2 by injection or gavage lowered blood glucose levels and improved glucose tolerance in the high-fat diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice, an animal model for human type 2 diabetes. Remarkably, DIO mice received 2 weeks of daily administration of CDS479-2, but not yohimbine, exhibited sustained normoglycaemia, and increased density of the insulin-producing beta cells, in which important proliferation genes were found upregulated. Moreover, the overall protein expression levels of their pancreas were more similar to that of the healthy chow-fed mice. Thus, CDS479-2 may indicate a new direction for type 2 diabetes treatment. Importantly, the strategy we employed in this study will inspire the optimization for drugs that with both peripheral and central targets.

Graphic abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=166 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/628818v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1d3d7corg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1afbad3org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@12a1aborg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1341a02_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hong, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jing, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.-a.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nan, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.17.628818</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Development of a novel peripherally acting alpha2A-adrenergic receptor antagonist for anti-diabetic]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.24.630244v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ISCO: Intelligent Framework for Accurate Segmentation and Comparative Analysis of Organoids 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.24.630244v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Organoids are self-organizing 3D cell clusters that closely mimic the structure and function of in vivo tissues and organs. Quantifying organoid morphology is critical for advancing our understanding of organ development, drug discovery, and toxicity assessment. Recent advances in microscopy have provided powerful tools to capture detailed morphological features of organoids, yet manual image analysis remains labor-intensive and time-consuming. In response, we present a comprehensive microscopy-based analysis pipeline that utilizes SegmentAnything 2.1 to accurately segment individual organoids. Additionally, we introduce a suite of morphological features--including perimeter, area, radius, non-smoothness, and non-circularity--that enable researchers to quantitatively and automatically analyze organoid structures. To further standardize organoid analysis across the field, Intelligent segmentation and comparison of organoids(ISCO), an intelligent AI-driven open-source algorithm, is developed with the aim of establishing a comprehensive toolset for organoid characterization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>ZHOU, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ni, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.24.630244</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ISCO: Intelligent Framework for Accurate Segmentation and Comparative Analysis of Organoids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.02.631033v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ether Rhodamines with Enhanced Hydrophilicity, Fluorogenicity, and Brightness for Super-Resolution Imaging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.02.631033v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rhodamine dyes are widely used fluorophores in super-resolution fluorescence imaging due to their exceptional optical properties and "aggregation-disaggregation" induced fluorogenic activation. However, their excessive lipophilicity often reduces brightness in aqueous environments and causes off-target staining, limiting their effectiveness in high-resolution imaging. To address these challenges, we introduce an ether-decorated N-terminal modification strategy for rhodamine and silicon-rhodamine (Si-rhodamine), replacing conventional N-alkyl groups. The ether chains enhance water solubility, decrease aggregate size, and improve fluorogenicity across a wide concentration range. Their flexible, hydrophilic structure forms a protective shield around the xanthene core, minimizing dye-water interactions and reducing fluorescence quenching. Additionally, the inductive effect of the ether chains decreases the electron-donating strength of the amino groups, suppressing quenching caused by twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT). These modifications collectively increase the quantum yields of ER and ESiR in water from 0.35 and 0.19 (for tetraethyl-substituted analogs) to 0.70 and 0.41, respectively. Probes derived from ER and ESiR exhibit outstanding fluorogenicity, enhanced signal-to-noise ratios, and improved resolution in complex aqueous environments, demonstrating superior performance in advanced super-resolution imaging techniques such as structured illumination microscopy (SIM), stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy, and single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM). This work introduces an innovative strategy for fluorophore design, offering significant advancements for super-resolution imaging applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.02.631033</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ether Rhodamines with Enhanced Hydrophilicity, Fluorogenicity, and Brightness for Super-Resolution Imaging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.09.632079v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comprehensive Infectome Analysis Reveals Diverse Infectious Agents with Zoonotic Potential in Wildlife 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.09.632079v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding wildlife-pathogen interactions is crucial for mitigating zoonotic risk. Through meta-transcriptomic sequencing we profiled the infectomes of 1,922 samples from 67 mammalian species across China, uncovering a remarkable diversity of viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic pathogens. Of the 195 pathogens identified, 62 were novel, including a bi- segmented coronavirus in diseased lesser pandas, which we propose represents a new genus - Zetacoronavirus. The orders Carnivora and Rodentia exhibited the highest pathogen diversity and were implicated in numerous host-jumping events. Comparative analysis of diseased versus healthy animals revealed a trend of higher pathogen loads in the former, with possible differences in tissue tropisms. In total, 48 zoonotic and 17 epizootic pathogens were identified, with frequent cross-species transmission, emphasizing the potential for emerging public health threats. This study highlights the urgent need for wildlife pathogen surveillance to inform proactive disease management strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, W.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le, S.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mei, S.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, P.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, Z.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, W.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, M.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Z.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holmes, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, Z.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.09.632079</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comprehensive Infectome Analysis Reveals Diverse Infectious Agents with Zoonotic Potential in Wildlife]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.20.633927v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lower spatial turnover of rare fungal taxa dominantly shaped by stochastic processes in grassland soils 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.20.633927v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The spatial pattern and community assembly of soil microbial taxa have notable meanings for biodiversity shaping and maintaining mechanisms. Rare fungal taxa may exhibit distinct patterns and assembly mechanisms compared to abundant taxa, but such information is limited, especially at large scales. Here, we investigated distance-decay patterns and underlying assembly mechanisms for abundant and rare fungal taxa in 129 soil samples collected across 4,000 km in Chinese Northern grasslands, based on high-throughput sequencing data. A total of 208 abundant OTUs (relative abundance > 0.1%, 2.73% of entire OTUs) and 5,779 rare OTUs (relative abundance < 0.01%, 75.85% of entire OTUs) were identified. Both abundant and rare fungal taxa showed significant distance-decay relationships (P < 0.001), but the turnover rate for rare taxa (0.0024 per 100 km) was nearly half that of abundant taxa (0.0054 per 100 km) based on the binary Bray-Curtis distance. The lower turnover of rare fungal taxa was likely due to their community assembly mechanism dominated by stochastic processes, which were less influenced by environmental gradients. In contrast, abundant taxa assembly was dominated by deterministic factors like soil variables and plant traits, which varied significantly along the geographic distance. Consistently, rare fungal taxa were also less sensitive to environmental changes, with a lower turnover rate by environmental distance (0.0027 vs. 0.0099) than abundant taxa. In summary, our findings revealed that rare fungal taxa, shaped mainly by stochastic processes, had lower spatial turnover compared to abundant taxa, dominated by deterministic processes, enhancing our understanding of rare microbial biogeography.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.20.633927</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lower spatial turnover of rare fungal taxa dominantly shaped by stochastic processes in grassland soils]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.21.633854v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell spatial transcriptome reveals pathological features of human hippocampus with sclerosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.21.633854v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
More than half of epileptic patients ultimately turned to intractable epilepsy. Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS), the most common type of intractable epilepsies, whose pathological mechanism remains elusive. Here, using 42 human hippocampal samples from surgical donors of MTLE (32 with and 10 without HS) through single-cell resolution Stereo-seq and histologcial experiments, we revealed spatially pathological changes of gene expression and cell type composition with HS systematically. After precise parcellation of hippocampal subregions and differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis between each region with and without sclerosis, we found Cornu Ammonis (CA) subregions with higher number of DEGs were vulnerable to sclerosis, especially CA1 and CA3. Within CA1, we found that CA1-superficial and proximal areas were more vulnerable than CA1-deep and distal areas in sclerosis. Meanwhile, after analyzing 350,795 segmented cells from Stereo-seq, we found dramatically increasing density of astrocyte accompanied with significantly decreasing density of excitatory neurons in CA1, especially superficial and proximal CA1, and CA3 in sclerosis. In these two vulnerable subregions, proliferative astrocyte (P_astrocyte) and reactive astrocyte (R_astrocyte) were found to be enriched whereas apoptotic subtype of astrocyte (A_astrocyte), related with apoptotic pathway, was mainly located in alveus, which strengthened cell communication with reactive microglia (R_microglia) in HS, revealing the novel pathological feature in our work. The pseudotime analysis indicated that CA excitatory neurons underwent synaptic impairment, energy dysfunction, aging, and finally losing cell identity until death through autophagy or apoptosis. Besides, we also found a resilient subtype, EX_CA2-4.3, highly expressed extracellular matrix related genes including PDYN, and was increasing the interaction of BDNF-NTRK, NFASC-CNTN1 to withstand the damage from sclerosis. Together, our study provided a reference of human hippocampus with and without HS caused by MTLE, and highlighted the potential pathological mechanism on molecular and cellular level of MTLE-HS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.21.633854</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell spatial transcriptome reveals pathological features of human hippocampus with sclerosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.13.635171v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A versatile miniature two-photon microscope enabling multicolor deep-brain imaging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.13.635171v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Here we present the FHIRM-TPM 3.0, a 2.6 g miniature two-photon microscope capable of multicolor deep-brain imaging in freely behaving mice. The system was integrated with a broadband anti-resonant hollow-core fiber featuring low transmission loss, minimal dispersion from 700-1060 nm, and high tolerance of laser power. By correcting chromatic and spherical aberrations and optimizing the fluorescence collection aperture, we achieved cortical neuronal imaging at depths exceeding 820 m and, using a GRIN lens, hippocampal Ca2+ imaging at single dendritic spine resolution. Moreover, we engineered three interchangeable parfocal objectives, allowing for a tenfold scalable field-of-view up to 1x0.8 mm{superscript 2}, with lateral resolutions ranging from 0.68 to 1.46 m. By multicolor imaging at excitation wavelengths of 780 nm, 920 nm and 1030 nm, we investigated mitochondrial and cytosolic Ca2+ activities relative to the deposition of amyloid plaques in the cortex of awake APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Thus, the FHIRM-TPM 3.0 provides a versatile imaging system suitable for diverse brain imaging scenarios.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.13.635171</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A versatile miniature two-photon microscope enabling multicolor deep-brain imaging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.07.641975v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The distinct role of human PIT in attention control 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.07.641975v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Attentional distribution depends on both endogenous and exogenous processes, but how they interact in attention allocation remains unclear. The attentional priority map, jointly determined by stimulus saliency and task relevance, provides a framework for investigating their interplay. We propose that the human posterior inferotemporal cortex (hPIT), located near object-processing cortical areas, serves as an attentional priority map. Using fMRI with behavioral tasks, we show that hPIT shows stronger attentional modulation than classical attention regions across motion, color, and shape tasks. hPIT shows lateralized attentional enhancement even in the absence of visual input, with further elevated modulation in the presence of stimuli, indicating its integrated role in priority control. Furthermore, its modulation is invariant to stimulus category but sensitive to attentional demands, and the region is functionally connected to both dorsal and ventral attentional networks. These findings highlight the hPIT as an integrator in attentional control and provide critical insights into the brains strategy for optimizing responses to the environment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.07.641975</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The distinct role of human PIT in attention control]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.06.641773v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sky islands of Southwest China. II: Unraveling hidden species diversity of talpid moles using phylogenomics and skull-based deep learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.06.641773v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The sky islands of Southwest China, characterized by dramatic topographical and climatic variations, are prominent hotspots of biodiversity and endemism. Organisms inhabiting middle-to-high elevation habitats in this region are geographically isolated within distinct mountain chains, which over geological time have been subjected to isolation-by-distance and isolation-by-environment. These processes have led to profound allopatric diversification and strong phylogeographic structuring, resulting in a plethora of genetically distinct cryptic species, as is becoming increasingly evident for many small mammal families. However, morphological conservatism can pose significant challenges in delineating these clades within species complexes. In this study, we leverage artificial intelligence technologies to unravel the hidden species diversity of moles (family Talpidae) in Southwest Chinas sky islands. We first employed ultraconserved elements (UCEs) to investigate the evolutionary history of talpid moles, conducted molecular species delimitation using mitochondrial and multi-locus genes, and utilized both traditional and geometric morphometrics to examine their morphological disparity. To address the challenges of morphology based cryptic species identification, we developed a deep learning Hierarchical Identification of Species NETwork (HIS-NET) to create an image-based model that analyzes four different views of the skull/mandible to distinguish genera and species hierarchically. HIS-NET not only achieved expert-level accuracy in species identification but also effectively distinguished between cryptic and known species, aiding in the identification of key morphological variation intervals. Our results support the recognition of allopatrically distributed taxa in Euroscaptor and Parascaptor as full species, thereby confirming that species diversity in this region remains underestimated. Beyond advancing our understanding of speciation in this unique and fragile ecosystem, our study serves as a proof-of-concept, demonstrating the power of deep learning in unraveling hidden biodiversity within this and other species complexes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>He, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LI, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwermann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Springer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.06.641773</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sky islands of Southwest China. II: Unraveling hidden species diversity of talpid moles using phylogenomics and skull-based deep learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.11.641786v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multimodal brain cell atlas across the adult macaque lifespan 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.11.641786v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
High-throughput single-cell omics of non-human primate tissues present a remarkable opportunity to study primate brain aging. Here, we introduce a transcriptomic and chromatin accessibility landscape of 1,985,317 cells from eight brain regions of 13 cynomolgus female monkeys spanning adult lifespan including exceptionally old individuals up to 29-years old. This dataset uncovers dynamic molecular changes in critical brain functions such as synaptic communication and axon myelination, exhibiting a high degree of cell type and brain region specificity. We identify the multicellular networks of the pons and medulla as a previously unrecognized hotspot for aging. Furthermore, comparative analyses with human neurodegeneration datasets highlight both shared and distinct mechanisms contributing to aging and disease. In addition, we uncover transcription factors implicated in monkey brain aging and pinpoint aging-regulated loci linked to longevity and neurodegeneration. This spatiotemporal atlas will advance our understanding of primate brain aging and its broader implications for health and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shangguan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lv, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qing, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Volpe, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graf, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diks, I. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flotho, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krol, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mulder, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hutchins, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keller, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maxwell, P. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rubinsztein, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tse, H.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, B</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.11.641786</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multimodal brain cell atlas across the adult macaque lifespan]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.11.642725v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Energy inefficiency underpinning brain state dysregulation in individuals with major depressive disorder 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.11.642725v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Disruptions in brain state dynamics are a hallmark of major depressive disorder (MDD), yet their underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study, building on network control theory, revealed that decreased state stability and increased state-switching frequency in MDD are driven by elevated energy costs and reduced control stability, indicating energy inefficiency. Key brain regions, including the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, exhibited impaired energy regulation capacity, and these region-specific energy patterns were correlated with depressive symptom severity. Neurotransmitter and gene expression association analyses linked these energy deficits to intrinsic biological factors, notably the 5-HT2a receptor and excitatory-inhibitory balance. These findings shed light on the energetic mechanism underlying brain state dysregulation in MDD and its associated biological underpinnings, highlighting brain energy dynamics as a potential biomarker by which to explore therapeutic targets and advance precise interventions for restoring healthy brain dynamics in depression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.11.642725</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Energy inefficiency underpinning brain state dysregulation in individuals with major depressive disorder]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.12.642824v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SMART: an approach for accurate formula assignment in spatially-resolved metabolomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.12.642824v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spatially-resolved metabolomics plays a critical role in unraveling tissue-specific metabolic complexities. Despite its significance, this profound technology generates thousands of features, yet accurate annotation significantly lags behind LC-MS-based approaches. To bridge this gap, we introduce SMART, an open-source platform designed for precise formula assignment in mass spectrometry imaging. SMART constructs a KnownSet database containing 2.8 million formulas linked by DBEdges derived from repositories such as HMDB, ChEMBL, PubChem, and BioEdges from KEGG biological reactant pairs. Using a multiple linear regression model, SMART extracts formula networks associated with the m/z of interest and scores potential candidates based on several criteria, including linked formulas, DBEdges/BioEdges, and ppm values. Benchmarking against reference datasets demonstrates that SMART achieves prediction accuracy rates of up to 92.4%. Applied to mass spectrometry imaging, SMART successfully annotated 986 formulas in developing mouse embryos. This robust platform enables systematic formula annotation within tissues, enhancing our understanding of metabolic heterogeneity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.12.642824</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SMART: an approach for accurate formula assignment in spatially-resolved metabolomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.14.643220v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Methylome and transcriptome analysis reveals the impact of psychological stress on the skin 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.14.643220v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Psychological stress has been shown to impact skin and DNA methylome, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we collected multi-omics data from 60 stressed and 60 relaxed individuals to test the hypothesis that psychological stress may impact skin via epigenetic modification and downstream altered gene expression. Each volunteer completed a series of questionnaires and assessments to measure their psychological stress levels and skin condition. Suction blister samples were collected for analyze skin cytokines, DNA methylome, and transcriptome. The dataset generated allowed for the identification of 289 differentially methylated probes(DMPs) and 10 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Integration of methylation and expression data revealed seven functional epigenetic modules(P<0.05), which were involved in the glutamatergic synapse. In line with previous studies on the prefrontal cortex/hippocampus, we found that psychological stress also affects the glutamatergic synapse in the skin. There was no significant group difference in cytokines, while the stressed group had more severe skin darkening (P=7.36x10-6). This study provides important insight into the impact of psychological stress on the skin and contributes a comprehensive multi-omics dataset resource for the healthy epidermis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonda, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahns, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kolbe, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.14.643220</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Methylome and transcriptome analysis reveals the impact of psychological stress on the skin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.15.641656v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MAIS: an in-vitro sandbox enables adaptive neuromodulation via scalable neural interfaces 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.15.641656v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) predominantly rely on static digital architectures to decode biological neuronal networks, a paradigm that is incompatible with natural neural coding in the human brain1-4. Bridging this gap is a critical step in combating neuronal dysfunction, enhancing brain functionality, and refining the precision of neuroprosthetics5. The integration of brain organoids with microelectrode array (MEA), as a class of BMIs, offers a humanized in vitro platform with unique biological compatibility advantages for dynamic neuronal decoding. This study resolves the biological-electronic encoding incompatibility of brain organoid-MEA Integration through three progressive breakthroughs. First, a human-machine hybrid agent is developed as a newly proposed bioengineered platform that couples brain organoids together with high-density MEAs and computational chips, enabling closed-loop perturbation of biological neuronal networks via exogenous signals. Second, through plasticity-driven real-time tracking of neuronal activity, we establish dynamically reconfigurable stimulation nodes that self-align with the electrophysiological states of the organoids. This resolves the exogenous-endogenous encoding mismatch by implementing plasticity-driven adaptation principles that ensure biological compatibility through spatially adaptive coordination. Finally, through shared plasticity rules rather than centralized control, we construct the first scalable multi-agent interactive system (MAIS) and demonstrate its real-world applications. Through designed scenarios of pathological/normal neuronal network interaction, we validate that MAIS achieves stable cross-network coordination. MAIS embodies a self-evolving neural coding sandbox in which plasticity-driven dynamic decoding bridges the compatibility gaps between biological and digital systems, providing a scalable and foundational infrastructure for human-centered neural interfaces.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hexige, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shuai, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.15.641656</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MAIS: an in-vitro sandbox enables adaptive neuromodulation via scalable neural interfaces]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.16.643065v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-efficiency likelihood inference of shared proteomic architectures across 50 complex human traits 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.16.643065v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Advancements in genetic correlation estimation have elucidated genome-wide pleiotropys influence on phenotypic correlations among human complex traits and diseases. However, the role of proteomic domains in these correlations remains underexplored. Traditional genetic correlation analysis assumptions, including the minute effects of SNPs and their linkage disequilibrium, do not suit proteomic data. We present a novel method, Likelihood-based Estimation for Proteomic Correlation (LEAP), tailored to provide unbiased estimation of shared proteomic architectures between trait pairs. LEAP notably decreases computational demands by approximately 1000-fold compared to conventional bivariate linear mixed models. We applied LEAP to data from the UK Biobank Pharma Proteomics Project, identifying 585 significant proteomic correlations among 1,225 pairs of 50 biochemical, anthropometric, and behavioral traits. Furthermore, we quantified the distinct proteomic and genetic contributions to phenotypic correlations, highlighting significant gender differences. This study provides a comprehensive computational approach for proteomic correlation estimation, clarifying the specific roles of genomics and proteomics in complex trait correlations. Our findings not only advance the understanding of proteomic contributions to phenotypic traits but also suggest potential applications for evaluating shared omics architectures in other domains such as transcriptomics and metabolomics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.16.643065</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-efficiency likelihood inference of shared proteomic architectures across 50 complex human traits]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.31.646293v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CDK12 condensation in nuclear speckles confers sensitivity to cyclin K molecular glue degraders 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.31.646293v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcriptional machinery often operates in the configuration of biomolecular condensates, presenting emerging opportunities to develop therapies targeting transcriptionally addicted malignancies. In this study, we discovered that cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12), a key regulator of transcription elongation, formed dynamic liquid-like droplets within nuclear speckles, a process enhanced by high CDK12 expression and CDK12 inhibitor treatment. Recognizing this unique property, we rationally designed ZSQ253, a modular cyclin K molecular glue degrader that coupled binding moieties for both CDK12 and DDB1. By promoting phase separation-driven assembly and subsequent proteasomal degradation of the CDK12-cyclin K complex, ZSQ253 interfered with oncogenic transcription and demonstrated potent antitumor capability. Further structure-guided optimization yielded HQY1428, a derivative with a multi-site gluing effect and improved drug activity. Given the frequent genomic co-amplification of CDK12 and ERBB2 across diverse human cancers, we showed that combining HQY1428 with HER2 inhibitors provided synergistic therapeutic benefits. Collectively, our findings establish CDK12 condensation within nuclear speckles as an exploitable vulnerability, and introduce a novel mechanism of action underlying cyclin K molecular glue degraders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ye, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lv, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.31.646293</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CDK12 condensation in nuclear speckles confers sensitivity to cyclin K molecular glue degraders]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.01.646715v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reshaping epistatic network modules enhances wheat yield potential 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.01.646715v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Increasing wheat yield is a key approach to ensuring global food security and an enduring focus in crop breeding. Here, we assembled a panel of 3,030 wheat lines to dissect the genetic mechanisms of yield improvement. We conducted large-scale field trials across five ecological environments over two consecutive years to evaluate yield performance and constructed a haplotype atlas using the Wheat 660K genotype array. 234 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and 522 haplotype blocks (HBs) were identified for 14 traits through genome-wide association studies (GWAS), including 10 QTLs and 35 HBs associated with grain yield. Genomic analysis revealed that wheat yield improvement is primarily driven by changes in the epistatic network rather than the introduction of new haplotype segments. SNPs or HBs explain 53.3%-62.9% of the phenotypic variation in yield, whereas epistasis explains 70.4%, highlighting the role of epistasis in yield improvement. Moreover, yield improvement is significantly correlated with the accumulation of favorable epistatic modules. Pedigree-based analysis revealed that the modules remained relatively stable under the pressure of breeding selection, while new favorable modules were also created during hybrid breeding, highlighting that crop design breeding should be based on genetic modules. This study provides insights into genetic mechanism of wheat yield improvement and guidance for designing future wheat in the era of artificial intelligence.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ling, H.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.01.646715</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reshaping epistatic network modules enhances wheat yield potential]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.15.648854v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamic Pathway of Guanidine-III Riboswitch Folding Revealed by Single-Molecule FRET: Mg2+-Assisted Preorganization and Ligand-Induced Kinetic Trapping 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.15.648854v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Riboswitches are structured RNA elements that regulate gene expression by sensing and binding small molecules. The guanidine-III riboswitch, a critical bacterial regulator responding to guanidine toxicity, undergoes precise conformational changes that remain poorly characterized at a dynamic, mechanistic level. In this study, we employed single-molecule Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (smFRET) coupled with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to delineate how the guanidine-III riboswitch transitions among distinct conformational states. We identify three principal states [-] an extended (E-state), a compacted prefolded intermediate (P-state), and a folded pseudoknot structure (F-state) [-] with rapid interconversion in the absence of ligand. Magnesium ions significantly stabilize intermediate states via a cooperative, preorganization mechanism, enhancing ligand binding efficiency. Binding of guanidine drastically suppresses the reverse transitions, kinetically trapping the riboswitch into its active folded state primarily through a conformational selection mechanism, with additional contributions from induced-fit dynamics. This work illuminates the unique dynamic pathway by which the guanidine-III riboswitch integrates ionic and ligand cues, ensuring precise gene regulatory responses in bacteria.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bian, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.15.648854</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamic Pathway of Guanidine-III Riboswitch Folding Revealed by Single-Molecule FRET: Mg2+-Assisted Preorganization and Ligand-Induced Kinetic Trapping]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.17.649318v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Saccades orchestrate intraocular glucose to shape visual responses in birds 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.17.649318v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Birds exhibit remarkable vision despite lacking the typical network of blood vessels in their eyes. The characteristic poses a long-standing question about how avian retinas fulfill high energy demands necessary for sight. Here we show that natural, rhythmic eye movements, known as oscillatory saccades, orchestrate intraocular metabolic dynamics and attention-guided visual processing in pigeons. In a series of integrated experiments, we monitored eye movements along with glucose levels in the eye and neuronal activity in key brain regions receiving direct input from the retina. We found that these saccades generate fluctuations in intraocular glucose concentrations, closely linked to changes in neuronal visual responses over timescales of seconds to minutes. Moreover, pharmacological manipulations that altered glucose availability and eliminated these oscillatory saccades resulted in corresponding shifts in neuronal responses, demonstrating a causal linkage between oscillatory saccades, metabolic regulation, and visual processing. These findings reveal a mechanism by which birds actively evoked saccades during attention-driven information gathering, propelling retinal metabolism and facilitating their vision in the absence of retinal vasculature. This study underscores the interplay among eye movements, metabolic regulation, and high-level visual performance, suggesting broader implications for how eye movements contribute to retinal health, attention, and visual function across species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.17.649318</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Saccades orchestrate intraocular glucose to shape visual responses in birds]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.02.651919v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BioMedTools: a language model-powered community for biomedical computational tools 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.02.651919v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A large number of biomedical computational tools have spawned several tool registries. However, in the face of the rapid growth in the number of tools, existing tool registries, which are manually curated or community-driven, are difficult to keep up to date, resulting in inadequate tool repository data. In this paper, we show that language models (LMs) can aid in building a community of tools. We introduce BioMedTools (https://biomed.tools), a community of biomedical computational tools that mainly implements LM-based tool identification and a chat assistant. Compared with existing tool registries, BioMedTools achieves excellence in terms of the number of tools, frequency of data updates, and functionality. Meanwhile, the Model Context Protocol (MCP) servers hub in BioMedTools may promote the building of agents in the biomedical field. BioMedTools enables the efficient collection of tools and enhances their findability and accessibility.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Q.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.02.651919</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BioMedTools: a language model-powered community for biomedical computational tools]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.08.652797v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Locus-specific Convergent Evolution and Interchromosomal Rearrangements Contribute Type I Interferon Diversification in Amniotes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.08.652797v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Type I interferons (IFN-Is) play essential roles in antiviral immune responses. The extensive diversification of IFN-Is into multiple subtypes and redundant gene copies has posed significant challenges for evolutionary reconstruction. To address this, we developed an integrated analytical pipeline combining the IFN-SCOPE classification model and GENE-GRADE algorithm. Through comprehensive synteny-guided phylogenetic analysis, we identified three evolutionarily conserved IFN-I loci (HACD4, MOB3B, and UBAP2) that maintain chromosomal colocalization across all major amniote lineages - mammals, squamates, and Archelosauria (turtles, crocodilians, and birds). While MOB3B-locus maintains a single IFN-{kappa} ortholog, the HACD4 (IFN-H) and UBAP2 (IFN-U) loci show lineage-specific expansion patterns: IFN-H proliferated in mammals/reptiles but remained single-copy in birds, whereas IFN-U expanded in birds but not in other lineages. Phylogenetic analysis reveals these independently evolved multicopy genes nevertheless cluster into two conserved subgroups (IFN-H2/H1 and IFN-U2/U1), suggesting convergent functional specialization. Within IFN-H and IFN-U clusters, the single-copy IFN-H2 and IFN-U2 genes - positioned at the ancestral ends of their respective genomic arrays - likely represent the progenitor sequences of each locus. Notably, among mammalian IFN-H2 genes, we identified the poorly characterized IFN-{upsilon} (rather than IFN-{beta}) as the ancestral form of mammalian IFN-H subtypes. Furthermore, we identified IFN-I genes at non-canonical loci resulting from interchromosomal duplication events in tortoises and diving ducks and provide clear evidence that interchromosomal duplications contributed to IFN-I gene diversity. These discoveries advance our understanding of the evolutionary mechanisms shaping intronless IFN-I genes in amniotes, and potentially beneficial for developing novel IFN-I based antiviral treatments through comparative immunological approaches.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.08.652797</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Locus-specific Convergent Evolution and Interchromosomal Rearrangements Contribute Type I Interferon Diversification in Amniotes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.09.653014v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A synergistic generative-ranking framework for tailored design of therapeutic single-domain antibodies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.09.653014v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) have emerged as powerful therapeutic agents due to their small size, high stability, and superior tissue penetration. However, unlike conventional monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), sdAbs lack an Fc domain, limiting their functional versatility and manufacturability. To address this challenge, we developed TFDesign-sdAb, a deep learning-based generative-ranking framework that enables rational engineering of sdAbs with tailored functionalities. Our framework integrates a structure-aware diffusion model (IgGM) for large-scale candidate generation and a fine-tuned sorter (A2binder) that evaluates and prioritizes them based on predicted functionality. Unlike traditional CDR-focused approaches, TFDesign-sdAb optimizes both complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) and framework regions (FRs), allowing sdAbs to acquire new functional properties while maintaining antigen specificity. We validated our approach by conferring Protein A binding to human VHs and nanobodies that originally lacked this feature, achieving high expression rates, strong binding affinities, and successful purification via industry-standard Protein A affinity chromatography. High-resolution structural characterization (1.49 [A] and 2.0 [A]) of the redesigned sdAb-Protein A complexes revealed conserved FR-mediated binding motifs that recapitulate natural Fc-Protein A interactions, validating the accuracy of our model. Furthermore, our pipeline streamlined the antibody engineering process, achieving a 100% success rate in generating Protein A-binding sdAbs while maintaining their original antigen-binding affinity. This work demonstrates the power of AI-driven design in overcoming long-standing limitations in antibody engineering and presents a scalable, generalizable solution for enhancing sdAb functionality.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ying, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.09.653014</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A synergistic generative-ranking framework for tailored design of therapeutic single-domain antibodies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.09.653028v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Universal Transformer-Based Tracker for Accurate Tracking of Particles and Cells in Microscopy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.09.653028v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accurate tracking of subcellular structures and cells under microscopy supports heavily the studies of their dynamic processes. However, the complex motion and the similar appearances of objects pose significant challenges in accurately identifying the identical object across multiple detection results without introducing ambiguities in trajectory tracking. Here we propose a Universal Transformer-Based Tracker (UTT) that achieves the accurate tracking in various biologically relevant scenarios. The self-attention of Transformer extracts features and patterns from trajectories, and the cross-attention of Transformer captures matching relations between history tracks and future hypothesis tracklets (fragments of track). Our tracker uses the Transformer to handle the tracking of particles with diverse motion dynamics, and outperforms existing tracking algorithms in terms of accuracy. Furthermore,the tracker utilizes estimated particle positions to counteract missed detections, thereby improving tracking robustness under varying ratios of missing detections. We demonstrate the flexibility and versatility of our approach by adaptively integrating motion and appearance cues in cell tracking applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.09.653028</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Universal Transformer-Based Tracker for Accurate Tracking of Particles and Cells in Microscopy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.20.652233v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Adaptive Evolution of Gene Regulatory Networks in Mammalian Neocortical Neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.20.652233v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mammals have evolved a plethora of adaptations that have enabled them to thrive in diverse environments. Among the most significant is the emergence of a more complex brain, exemplified by the dramatic transformation of the dorsal cortex from a single layer of excitatory projection neurons (ExNs) in ancestors to a multilayered cerebral neocortex enriched with diverse intratelencephalic (IT) and extratelencephalic (ET) ExN subtypes. These ExNs established specialized projection systems, such as the corticospinal tract and corpus callosum, enhancing brain connectivity and functionality. However, the evolutionary mechanisms underlying these mammalian-specific adaptations remain elusive. By comparing the landscape of gene expression and cis-regulatory elements (CREs) in mouse ExN subtypes and by cross-species examination of mammalian and non-mammalian CREs, we identified mammalian-specific CREs and expression patterns. The mammalian-specific CREs include a subset bound by ZBTB18 that are associated with genes defining IT and ET subtypes and connectivity. Both ZBTB18 and these target genes have previously been implicated in intellectual disability and autism. Deletion of Zbtb18 in mouse ExNs dysregulated target gene expression, reduced molecular diversity, diminished corticospinal and callosal projections, and increased intrahemispheric cortico-cortical association projections to the prefrontal cortex, resembling features of non-mammalian dorsal pallium. Interestingly, ZBTB18 binding motifs are highly enriched in callosally projecting IT-biased CREs, where they show higher conservation specifically in mammals. This study uncovers critical components and mammalian-specific evolutionary adaptations within a regulatory node essential for neocortical ExN identity and connectivity, with implications for neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaur, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santpere, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muchnik, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sindhu, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shibata, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clement, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klaric, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, X. d.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luria, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shibata, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tebbenkamp, A. T. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pochareddy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phan, D. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gladwyn-Ng, I. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cullen, H. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paolino, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fenlon, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kozulin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suarez, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Risgaard, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gulden, F. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karger, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suzuki, I. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirata, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gobeske, K. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richards, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sousa, A. M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heng, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sestan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.20.652233</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Adaptive Evolution of Gene Regulatory Networks in Mammalian Neocortical Neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.21.655272v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TRiC-assisted folding of class I HDAC family proteins regulated by distinct co-chaperone and cofactor networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.21.655272v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Class I histone deacetylases (HDACs), including HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, and HDAC8, are essential for diverse cellular processes. Although the chaperonin TRiC is implicated in the activation of class I HDACs, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), cross-linking mass spectrometry (XL-MS), and biochemistry analyses, we established class I HDACs as novel TRiC substrates and elucidate TRiC-assisted folding of HDAC1 and HDAC3 during its ATPase cycle, orchestrated by distinct co-chaperone and cofactor networks. In the closed TRiC chamber, both HDAC1 and HDAC3 adopt near-native states with shared binding interfaces. However, their open-state configurations diverge: Hsp70 and PDCD5 engage atop and within TRiC, respectively, for HDAC3, whereas prefoldin (PFD) binds atop TRiC for HDAC1, suggesting roles in substrate delivery and folding modulation. Furthermore, an unexpected bent conformation of CCT4, detected in TRiC-HDAC1 complex, may facilitate co-chaperone dissociation from TRiC. In contrast, HDAC8 folds independently of TRiC. Our study reveals the mechanism governing TRiC-assisted folding of class I HDACs in orchestration of dynamic co-chaperone/cofactor network, shielding new lights on the sophisticated regulatory landscape of TRiC, and open promising avenues for designing peptides or small molecules to selectively modulate TRiC-assisted folding of class I HDACs and other substrates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>li, z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>jiang, w.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>song, q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>zhou, x.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>shi, x.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>zhang, q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>wang, y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>lin, y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>pan, c.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.21.655272</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TRiC-assisted folding of class I HDAC family proteins regulated by distinct co-chaperone and cofactor networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.26.653374v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TIP-seq: A Single-cell Multiomics Approach for Simultaneous Transcriptome and Intracellular Protein Profiling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.26.653374v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-cell multiomics technologies have significantly advanced our understanding of cellular heterogeneity; however, the concurrent profiling of mRNA transcripts and target proteins continues to pose a substantial challenge. To bridge the gap between single-cell sequencing and proteomic methods, we developed an innovative single-cell multiomics methodology, termed TIP-seq, which facilitates the simultaneous profiling of the transcriptome and intracellular proteins without prior cell manipulation. In TIP-seq, microfluidic technology is leveraged to integrate oligonucleotide-labeled antibodies with hydrogel beads, allowing for the capture of mRNAs and proteins from individual cells within droplets, thereby enabling high-throughput and precise dual-omics data acquisition. When applied to lung cell lines and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues, TIP-seq analysis revealed notable cellular heterogeneity and molecular dynamics, emphasizing the distinct immune cell interactions within NSCLC tissues. Key immune checkpoint interactions in NSCLC, such as SPP1-CD44, NECTIN2-TIGIT, and NECTIN2-CTLA4, along with functional alterations in tumor-associated dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells, were identified via TIP-seq, underscoring their pivotal roles in mediating immune suppression within the tumor microenvironment. Collectively, TIP-seq represents a powerful methodology for identifying novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers, thereby holding significant potential for the advancement of precision medicine in the treatment of lung cancer and other complex diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xue, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.26.653374</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TIP-seq: A Single-cell Multiomics Approach for Simultaneous Transcriptome and Intracellular Protein Profiling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.31.655981v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rational design of respiratory syncytial virus dimeric F-subunit vaccines in protein and mRNA forms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.31.655981v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) poses a significant public health threat, particularly to children and the elderly. Two protein-based vaccines and one mRNA vaccine have been approved, all targeting the prefusion conformation of the fusion (F) glycoprotein. However, it has been reported that the F protein transitions to the post-fusion state during storage, resulting in a reduction of the vaccines immunogenicity.

MethodsIn this study, we engineered novel pre-F-based antigens to preserve pre-F-specific immunodominant epitopes while eliminating sub-potent ones. Based on this, we constructed a series of single-chain dimers and selected the one with the highest expression yield and melting temperature (Tm). Next, we created a heterodimer, scDimer AB. Structural and protein characterization analyses were conducted to verify our design. All monomeric and scDimer antigens were used to immunize rodent models. Additionally, we prepared the antigens in mRNA form and immunized BALB/c mice. Finally, we combined both antigen forms, administering intramuscular mRNA priming followed by intranasal protein delivery in mice. In all immunization strategies, viral challenges were performed in animals to evaluate the immunologic protective effects.

FindingsThrough rational design, we developed a monomeric and two single-chain dimeric (scDimer) proteins with the expected characteristics, including complete II, V, and O epitopes and a partial III epitope. The scDimers elicited stronger binding and neutralizing antibody responses in rodent models compared to the monomer, and they also boosted T cell responses when combined with appropriate adjuvants. After three doses of scDimer immunization, live RSV was barely detectable in the tissues of infected animals. The copies of RNA encoding N-gene were significantly reduced in the immunized groups compared to the PBS-injected control groups. We also engineered mRNA versions of the antigens and verified their protective efficacy in mice. Notably, there were no significant differences between intranasal boost and intramuscular two doses after RSV challenged, suggesting that intranasal boost provided equivalent protection to intramuscular vaccination and could reduce the risk of vaccine-enhanced disease (VED) potentially.

InterpretationThe scDimer-based RSV vaccines effectively protected rodents from RSV infections, highlighting their clinical potential. Our antigen design removed certain suboptimal epitope regions, enhancing the efficiency of antigen presentation and increasing the proportion of the most potent pre-F-specific neutralizing antibodies. This approach provides a novel perspective for future vaccine design.

FundingNational Key R&D Program of China, National Science Foundation of China, Young Scientists in Basic Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Special Program of China National Tobacco Corporation.

RESEARCH IN CONTEXTO_ST_ABSEvidence before this studyC_ST_ABSThe licensed respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines were based on RSV pre-F structure. We conducted a PubMed search for articles published in English from databases inception to March 31, 2025, using the search terms "RSV" (interchanged with "respiratory syncytial virus"), "pre-F" (interchanged with "prefusion F") and "vaccine". Our search revealed that most of the articles focus on combining pre-F with RSV G protein or other proteins to form viral-like particles (VLPs) or nanoparticles. The second-largest category of articles examined the antibodies level elicited by the pre-F antigens in animal model or some special cohorts. Other studies addressed topics such as optimization of injection dosage and immunization strategies, methodologies for detecting pre-F-specific antibodies, and the development of mRNA-LNP vaccines. Notably, only 4 articles described novel designs of RSV pre-F antigens, all of which were trimeric and based exclusively on the RSV A subtype F protein sequence.

Added value of this studyTo our knowledge, our design is the first single-chain dimer version of RSV pre-F antigen. The engineered antigens demonstrated high yield, thermostability, and immunogenicity comparable to that of DS-Cav1. Additionally, we developed the first chimeric RSV-antigen covering both subtype A and B, thereby broadening the potential protective spectrum. We further validated the immunogenicity of our designs in mRNA form and as a protein-mRNA combination. This research emphasizes the potential of constructing and combining minimized, stable antigen modules, offering a novel approach for future vaccine development.

Implications of all the available evidenceIn this study, we present a novel approach for constructing and combining minimized, stable antigen modules for future vaccine design. The strong immunogenicity of our antigens underscores their potential for clinical application. Furthermore, given the structural similarities between the RSV antigen and those of other Pneumoviruses, such as human metapneumovirus (hMPV), our design strategy could be extended to the development of multivalent vaccines.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, M.-a.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, G. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.31.655981</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rational design of respiratory syncytial virus dimeric F-subunit vaccines in protein and mRNA forms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.31.656953v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cryo-EM structure of DNA-unbound human MCM2-7 complex reveals new disease-relevant regulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.31.656953v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromatin loading of the hexameric replicative helicase MCM2-7 complex requires coordinated interactions with the origin recognition complex (ORC), CDC6, and CDT1. MCM2-7 not bound to DNA forms a single hexamer (SH) with an open DNA entry gate. Two MCM2-7 SHs are loaded sequentially to form the double hexamer (DH) that encircles the DNA duplex. Activated MCM2-7 then unwinds DNA and initiates DNA replication. Our cryo-electron microscopy analyses show that a fraction of human MCM2-7 without DNA exists as DH. Unexpectedly, we find that the MCM3 winged helix domain (WHD) docks on MCM2 in both DNA-free DH and SH, creating a safety latch across the DNA entry gate to block DNA entry into the central channel. The safety latch can be opened by ORC-CDC6 binding. Disrupting this latch by designed or human disease-related mutations of MCM3 causes replication defects and DNA damage checkpoint activation. Our findings uncover a new regulated step in MCM2-7 loading with implications for human diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.31.656953</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cryo-EM structure of DNA-unbound human MCM2-7 complex reveals new disease-relevant regulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.03.657577v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell spatial map of cis-regulatory elements for disease-related genes in the macaque cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.03.657577v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-cell spatial transcriptomes have demonstrated molecular and cellular diversity in the brain1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, but gene regulatory mechanisms underlying transcriptomic profiles and disease pathogenesis remain largely unknown in primates. Here we performed single-nucleus Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin followed by sequencing (snATAC-seq) for [~]1.6 million cells from 142 cortical regions of two male cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis), and identified distinct chromatin accessibility profiles of cis-regulatory elements (CREs) for various cell types. By integrative analysis with large-scale spatial transcriptome data, we found that these CREs showed laminar and regional preferences, with their regional accessibility exhibiting striking dependence on the regions hierarchical level. Cross-species comparison of snATAC-seq data revealed human/macaque-enriched layer-4 glutamatergic neurons and LAMP5/LHX6-expressing GABAergic neurons as well as human/macaque-biased CREs for genes related to neurodevelopment and psychiatric diseases. Importantly, risk single-nucleotide polymorphisms for many brain disorders strongly associated with human/macaque-biased CREs in glutamatergic neuronal types and those for Alzhemers disease strongly associated with CREs exclusively in microglia. Our results provided the basis for understanding the spatial gene regulatory mechanisms underlying cellular diversity and disease pathogenesis in the primate cortex.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Meng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fei, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.03.657577</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell spatial map of cis-regulatory elements for disease-related genes in the macaque cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.03.657582v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Macrophage-derived reactive oxygen species promote Salmonella aggresome formation contributing to bacterial antibiotic persistence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.03.657582v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In this study, we reveal that macrophage-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) can trigger the rapid formation of Salmonella aggresomes, which substantially contribute to the increased frequency of persisters induced by phagocytosis. Salmonella containing aggresomes exhibited a dormant phenotype characterized by reduced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and decreased metabolic activity. Furthermore, these dormant bacteria showed upregulated expression of Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1)-encoded type III secretion system (T3SS)-related genes, followed by later expression of SPI-2 T3SS-related genes when macrophages ROS production declined. Our results demonstrate that Salmonella containing aggresomes can enter a dormant state to escape antibiotic attack, while crucially maintaining the ability to resuscitate when the stress environment is improved. Research on bacterial aggresomes could potentially provide therapeutic strategies to combat bacterial antibiotic persistence.



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=122 SRC="FIGDIR/small/657582v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ke, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ke, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leake, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, F. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.03.657582</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Macrophage-derived reactive oxygen species promote Salmonella aggresome formation contributing to bacterial antibiotic persistence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.04.657798v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Designing a broad-spectrum four-helix bundle targeting different strains of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor Binding Domains with ACE2-like binding interface 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.04.657798v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
One major strategy for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to evade antibody drugs or preventive vaccines is high mutation rate of the spike receptor binding domain (RBD). Because variable RBDs of different SARS-CoV-2 strains must bind to the same human receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) for viral cell entry and infection, we hypothesize that designing a protein with the same or very similar hACE2 binding interface might have a broad-spectrum effect against various SARS-CoV-2 strains. The designed protein binds specifically to the WT-RBD (with micromolar affinity) but not to RBDs from other SARS-CoV-2 strains. However, two rounds of the E. coli display and Magnetic Cell Sorting (MACS) selection are sufficient to yield a protein named CYN1 with nanomolar binding affinities not only to the WT-RBD but also to those of Omicron BA.1, XBB.1.16, and JN.1. Molecular dynamics simulations and free-energy hotspot analysis revealed that CYN1s broader spectrum capability stems from its engagement of essentially all ACE2 hotspot residues critical for WT-RBD binding, unlike the designed protein. The discovery of CYN1, differing by only four mutations from the designed protein, confirms that targeting the small interface of human viral receptors--rather than the entire receptor--offers a viable strategy for developing broad-spectrum inhibitors. This approach minimizes potential off-target effects arising from receptor multifunctionality.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nie, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J. Z. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.04.657798</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Designing a broad-spectrum four-helix bundle targeting different strains of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor Binding Domains with ACE2-like binding interface]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.14.659724v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pathogen effector forms a hexameric phosphatase holoenzyme with host core enzyme to promote disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.14.659724v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pathogen effectors play critical roles in pathogenesis by directly manipulating host cellular processes. The Ser/Thr protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is commonly targeted by pathogens. Effectors from devastating plant pathogen Phytophthora hijack the PP2A core enzyme in plant hosts, altering the host phosphoproteome. In this study, we present a series of cryo-electron microscopy structures of the Phytophthora effector PSR2 in complex with the host PP2A core enzyme to form a functional holoenzyme. The PSR2-PP2A complex adopts a unique hexameric architecture, driven by PSR2-mediated dimerization of two heterotrimers. This hexamer exhibits greater stability and features a more exposed catalytic pocket compared to the canonical trimeric form of PP2A, likely enhancing its virulence activity. Mutational analyses underscore the importance of this hexameric structure for PSR2s virulence function. These findings provide mechanistic insights into pathogen-mediated manipulation of a key host phosphatase and offer targets for developing disease resistance strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheng, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.14.659724</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pathogen effector forms a hexameric phosphatase holoenzyme with host core enzyme to promote disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.14.658531v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
UniCure: A Foundation Model for Predicting Personalized Cancer Therapy Response 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.14.658531v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Predicting drug efficacy across diverse patient contexts remains a major challenge in oncology, as models trained on cancer cell lines often fail to capture patient-specific biology. Emerging biological foundation models and patient-derived technologies offer a promising solution. Here, we present UniCure, the first pre-trained foundation model integrating both omics and chemical foundation models (UCE and Uni-mol) to predict transcriptomic responses to drugs across diverse cellular and tissue contexts, enabling personalized cancer therapy and drug prioritization at the individual level. Rather than encoder/decoder used in traditional models, UniCure utilizes parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) techniques for optimizing the training process, a novel FlexPert module for modeling flexible drug-cell interactions, and a Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) loss for learning unpaired data. Trained on over 1.8 million perturbation RNA-seq profiles over 22,000 compounds, 166 cell types, and 24 tissues, UniCure achieves high accuracy in predicting both dose-dependent responses and drug combination effects, demonstrating strong generalization across bulk and single-cell transcriptomic data. In particular, fine-tuning on our patient-derived tumor-like clusters and real-world data of 800 profiles enables UniCure to generate individualized therapeutic predictions on patients tissue samples. In addition, UniCure enables patient stratification based on the predicted drug responses, providing a new way for subtyping patients. UniCures drug prioritization was validated across over 1000 patients from pan-cancer cohorts and supported by experiments of candidate therapeutics. By enabling the potential to screen millions of compounds per patient at scale, UniCure represents a biologically grounded tool that could advance personalized precision oncology and accelerate drug discovery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pei, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.14.658531</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[UniCure: A Foundation Model for Predicting Personalized Cancer Therapy Response]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.14.659722v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Predicting the Evolutionary and Functional Landscapes of Viruses with a Unified Nucleotide-Protein Language Model: LucaVirus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.14.659722v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Predicting viral evolution and function remains a central challenge in biology, hindered by high sequence divergence and limited knowledge compared to cellular organisms. Here, we introduce LucaVirus, a multi-modal foundation model for viruses, trained on 25.4 billion nucleotide and amino acid tokens covering nearly all known viruses. LucaVirus learns biologically meaningful representations capturing relationships between sequences, protein/gene homology, and evolutionary divergence. Using these embeddings, we developed downstream models that address key virology tasks: identifying hidden viruses in genomic "dark matter", annotating enzymatic activities of uncharacterized proteins, predicting viral evolvability, and identifying antibody candidates for emerging viruses. LucaVirus achieves state-of-the-art results in three tasks and matches leading models in the fourth with one-third the parameters. Together, these findings demonstrate the power of a unified foundation model to comprehensively decode the viral world and establish LucaVirus as an efficient and versatile platform for AI-driven virology, from virus discovery to functional and therapeutic predictions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pan, Y.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shan, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holmes, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.14.659722</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Predicting the Evolutionary and Functional Landscapes of Viruses with a Unified Nucleotide-Protein Language Model: LucaVirus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.26.660775v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Competing Programs Shape Cortical Sensorimotor-Association Axis Development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.26.660775v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The neocortex is organized along a dominant sensorimotor-to-association (S-A) axis, anchored by modality-specific primary sensorimotor areas at one end and transmodal association areas that form distributed networks supporting abstract cognition at the other. The developmental mechanisms shaping this axis remain elusive. Here, we present converging multispecies evidence supporting the Multinodal Induction-Exclusion in Network Development (MIND) model, in which S-A patterning is governed by competing processes of induction and exclusion, driven by opposing transcriptomically-defined identity programs emerging from different nodes. Key molecular and connectional features of association cortices arise through pericentral programs, originating around fronto-temporal poles and partially regulated by retinoic acid. They progress inward toward central territories of the naive neocortex along fronto-temporally polarized trajectories. Central programs are induced through interactions between topographically separated first-order sensorimotor thalamocortical inputs and the neocortex, promoting the formation of primary areas while excluding pericentral programs. Influenced by SATB2 and ZBTB18, these evolutionarily conserved programs compete for the same territory and create spatial compartmentalization of axon guidance, cell-cell adhesion, retinoic acid signaling, synaptogenesis, Wnt signaling, and autism risk genes. Notably, PLXNC1 and SEMA7A exhibit anti-correlated expression and repulsive functions in shaping cortico-cortical connectivity along the S-A axis. These processes of induction and exclusion establish an S-A equilibrium and topography in which primary sensorimotor areas emerge as focal islands within the broader ocean of distributed associative networks. The MIND model provides a unifying framework for understanding experimental, evolutionary, and clinical phenomena, revealing induction and exclusion as antagonistic complementary principles shaping the S-A axis and processing hierarchies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tsyporin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Segal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finn, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bandiera, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pavlovic, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S. K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shibata, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Onishi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hammarlund, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salla, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kachko, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawley, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doyle, D. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nottoli, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruiz-Reig, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tissir, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakagawa, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herzog, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gobeske, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pattabiraman, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shimogori, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duque, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fornito, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shibata, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sestan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.26.660775</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Competing Programs Shape Cortical Sensorimotor-Association Axis Development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.08.663664v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ODFormer: a Virtual Organoid for Predicting Personalized Therapeutic Responses in Pancreatic Cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.08.663664v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pancreatic cancer (PC) patient-derived organoids (PDOs) faithfully recapitulate therapeutic responses but face clinical translation barriers, including high costs and technical complexity. To address these problems and the lack of frameworks for PDO-based drug-response assays, we developed ODFormer, a computational framework that simulates PC PDOs to predict clinically actionable, patient-specific drug responses by integrating transcriptomic and mutational profiles. ODFormer first employed two encoders, pretrained on 30,000 pan-cancer bulk transcriptomics and 1 million PC single-cell profiles respectively, to distil tissue-and organoid-specific representations. Then, trained on our curated 14,000 PDO drug-response assay (across 183 PDOs and 98 drugs) using a transformer-augmented hybrid contrastive network, ODFormer significantly outperformed state-of-the-art methods, notably achieving a PCC >0.9 in predicting standardized drug response. Multi-cohort retrospective analyses further demonstrated that ODFormer-guided personalized therapy significantly improves clinical outcomes, without requiring physical organoid assays. Furthermore, ODFormer identified novel clinico-biological PC subtypes and revealed therapy resistance biomarkers by stratifying predicted responders and non-responders. These were validated using independent datasets including TCGA-PDAC. Notably, ODFormer-guided treatment efficacy showed high concordance with prospective clinical responses by CA19-9.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LI, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jing, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.08.663664</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ODFormer: a Virtual Organoid for Predicting Personalized Therapeutic Responses in Pancreatic Cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.08.663729v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BrainBeacon: A Cross-Species Foundation Model for Single-cell Resolved Brain Spatial Transcriptomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.08.663729v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The brains functional complexity emerges from spatiotemporal heterogeneity in molecular, cellular, and circuit organization, shaped by evolution, aging, and disease. Single-cell spatial transcriptomics provides a transformative framework to decode this complexity, resolving cell-type-specific expression patterns, region-specific regulation, evolutionary divergence, and disease-associated disruptions. Despite recent advances in spatial transcriptomics, a unified foundation model capturing cross-species, whole-brain cellular architecture remains lacking. Here, we introduce BrainBeacon, the first cross-species foundation model for whole-brain spatial transcriptomics. Trained on 133 million spatially resolved cells covering a total area of 210194 mm2 from human, macaque, marmoset and mouse brains profiled across five major platforms, BrainBeacon integrates gene expression rankings, spatial cellular organization, and evolutionarily conserved genetic relationships into a unified transformer-based architecture. A two-stage training strategy captures both intra-cellular transcriptional dependencies and inter-cellular spatial interactions, yielding biologically grounded and interpretable representations of brain structure. Subsequently, BrainBeacon enables cross-species alignment of brain cell types and anatomical regions, facilitating integrative analyses of conserved and divergent cellular architectures. Moreover, it uncovers spatial regulatory mechanisms of aging by predicting bidirectional perturbation responses between cells and their local niche. Together, BrainBeacon serves as a foundational cross-species model for whole-brain spatial transcriptomics, enabling virtual brain atlas construction, systematic in silico perturbation studies, and mechanistic insights into brain disease pathogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aihara, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.08.663729</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BrainBeacon: A Cross-Species Foundation Model for Single-cell Resolved Brain Spatial Transcriptomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.11.663392v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pluripotent stem cell-derived siTNK cells attack tumors via a synthetic CD8-CD28 TCR complex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.11.663392v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tumor-associated antigen-specific T cell receptor (TCR)-engineered T cells offer a promising strategy for cancer therapy. Natural killer (NK) cells exhibit broad anti-tumor activity with low side effects but lack the capacity to recognize intracellular antigens. Here, we found that the human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived iNK cells, unlike tissue-isolated NK cells, expressed all four CD3 subunits at the transcriptome level. We introduced a synthetic gene-expressing complex (SCOTR), encoding a tumor antigen- specific TCR, CD8 coreceptor, and CD28 costimulatory molecule, into hPSCs to generate SCOTR-hPSCs. The SCOTR-hPSCs gave rise to abundant synthetic TCR complex-expressing iNK (siTNK) cells via an organoid induction method. These siTNK cells showed HLA-dependent, antigen-specific cytotoxicity against tumor cells and significantly suppressed tumor growth in tumor xenograft animal models, while also preserving universal non-specific tumor-killing activity. Collectively, siTNK cells, as hPSC-derived hybrid cells with dual features of adaptive T and inherent NK cells, offer an artificial cell source for human immunotherapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.11.663392</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pluripotent stem cell-derived siTNK cells attack tumors via a synthetic CD8-CD28 TCR complex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.10.664023v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Vascularized Bioengineered Kidney Using Decellularized Scaffold Recellularized with human Placenta-Derived Angiogenic stem Cells and Kidney Organoids 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.10.664023v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A bioengineered kidney using a decellularized kidney scaffold (DKS) offers a promising solution to the kidney shortage. However, the transplantation of bioengineered kidneys using DKS recellularized with human endothelial, renal cells or others has not yet successfully achieved the vascular and renal reconstruction in vivo. In this study, we identified another type of stem cells, designated as human placenta-derived angiogenic stem cells (hPASCs), which serve as seeding cells for the vascularization of DKS. These hPASCs encompass angiogenic subpopulations, exhibit both stem cell properties and the capacity for vascular differentiation. Human fetal kidney organoids (KIO) were established as a source of renal parenchymal cells, comprising renal, immune, and vascular cell populations. We developed a vascularized bioengineered kidney by recellularizing DKS with hPASCs and KIO using a circulation perfusion culture system. The hPASCs bioengineered kidney demonstrated enhanced angiogenesis and reconstructed renal architecture in vivo, by transplantation into rat models of renal subcapsular and partial nephrectomy. Furthermore, immunofluorescence and single-cell analyses revealed that the hPASCs revascularized bioengineered kidney regenerated both vascular and renal parenchymal cells within the host. This study offers another strategy for kidney bioengineering and regeneration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>XU, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.10.664023</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Vascularized Bioengineered Kidney Using Decellularized Scaffold Recellularized with human Placenta-Derived Angiogenic stem Cells and Kidney Organoids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.11.664267v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Paracrine-to-Autocrine Shunt of GREM1 Fuels Colorectal Cancer Metastasis via ACVR1C 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.11.664267v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tumor cells typically rely on paracrine stromal signals to guide malignant behaviors, but whether they acquire signaling autonomy to support metastasis remains unclear. We elucidate this in colorectal cancer (CRC) by uncovering a paracrine-to-autocrine shunt of Gremlin1 (GREM1), a canonical stromal-secreted antagonist of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). We demonstrate that while GREM1 remains restricted to stromal cells in earlier-stage (I-III) CRC, its ectopic expression in tumor epithelium increases markedly in stage IV. Mechanistically, we identify ACVR1C as a novel, high-affinity epithelial receptor for GREM1. Their interaction activates SMAD2/3 signaling, which upregulates SNAI1 and GREM1, establishing a feedback loop that amplifies epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Disrupting this loop impairs CRC metastasis in vivo. Clinically, epithelial GREM1 or ACVR1C expression predicts metastasis and poor survival. These findings define a paradigm in which tumor cells hijack stromal GREM1 to establish a GREM1-ACVR1C autocrine loop that sustains EMT and metastasis, marking a shift toward signaling autonomy and revealing a targetable vulnerability in advanced CRC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gui, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.11.664267</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Paracrine-to-Autocrine Shunt of GREM1 Fuels Colorectal Cancer Metastasis via ACVR1C]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.15.664663v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An Unexpected Role of Molecular Chaperones in Regulating the Excited States and Activities of Folded Enzymes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.15.664663v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Molecular chaperones are recognized for assisting protein folding. Emerging evidence suggests that chaperones also interact with natively folded proteins. Yet their functional impact on folded proteins remains unclear. Here, we show that chaperones can directly modulate the conformational dynamics and catalytic efficiency of enzymes in their native states. Spy and Hsp70 increased lysozyme activity by altering conformational exchanges, and this effect extended across other chaperones and enzymes. Hsp70, Spy, Hsp104, and Hsp20 enhanced the catalytic activities of multiple folded enzymes, including alkaline phosphatase, DNA polymerase Pfu, endonucleases Cas12a/Cas13a, and xylanase. These findings uncover an unanticipated function of chaperones in regulating enzyme function expanding their mechanistic scope beyond folding assistance and suggests opportunities in enzyme engineering, diagnostics, and cellular regulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hiller, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.15.664663</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An Unexpected Role of Molecular Chaperones in Regulating the Excited States and Activities of Folded Enzymes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.17.665247v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Real-time visualization of ligand-specific conformational dynamics of GPCR C-terminal domain in living cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.17.665247v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The intrinsically disordered C-terminal domain (CTD) serves as a critical regulatory element in GPCR1-3. However, directly interrogating the CTD responses to different ligands is challenging due to its high flexibility, which renders it invisible to conventional structural biology techniques. To address the challenge, we developed a live-cell fluorescence imaging strategy that enables real-time visualization of CTD conformational transitions under physiological conditions. Our dual-mode approach integrates single-cell fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) with single-molecule total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM), facilitating multi-scale analysis. Our data revealed that the dynamics of both full-length and truncated CTDs in the {beta}2-adrenergic receptors are ligand-specific. By bridging single-molecule dynamics with ensemble cellular responses, our method uncovered previously inaccessible molecular mechanisms underlying receptor activation. This advance not only elucidates how GPCRs transduce ligand binding into functional outcomes but also establishes a versatile platform for drug discovery, enabling rapid assessment of ligand efficacy and receptor activity in physiological contexts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.17.665247</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Real-time visualization of ligand-specific conformational dynamics of GPCR C-terminal domain in living cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.18.665467v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Overcoming breeding constraints in polyploid oat from evolutionary insights 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.18.665467v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Polyploidy provides adaptive advantages in plants by buffering deleterious mutations1,2. While polyploidization can enhance agronomic traits such as increased biomass, known as the gigas effect1-4, increasing genetic gain in polyploid crops remains a critical but difficult goal due to the difficulty in dissecting complex trait inheritance5,6. Here we present chromosome-scale genome assemblies for 26 Avena taxa, spanning diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid lineages. We traced four independent polyploidization events across the genus, including the formation of A. agadiriana as an allotetraploid (AgAgAg'Ag'), and revealed a reticulate evolutionary history shaped by gene flow involving four subgenomes (A, B, C, D), for example, the hybrid speciation of A. hirtula. Transcriptomic analysis of 286 samples across 11 tissues, combined with deleterious mutation analysis from a cultivated population of 112 accessions, showed that polyploidization led to widespread functional redundancy among homoeologs, supporting a genome-wide buffering effect. However, derived allele frequency analysis revealed that, while disrupting functional genes may yield desirable traits, the buffering effect impedes the fixation of beneficial loss-of-function mutations and thereby limits breeding efficiency. Based on these integrative analyses, we propose breeding strategies to circumvent these limitations by targeting beneficial loss-of-function alleles within the complex polyploid background of oat. Our study highlights broader challenges in the improvement of polyploid crops and provides a foundation for future breeding strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bai, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.18.665467</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Overcoming breeding constraints in polyploid oat from evolutionary insights]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.21.665674v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
AlphaGEM Enables Precise Genome-Scale Metabolic Modelling by Integrating Protein Structure Alignment with deep-learning-based Dark Metabolism Mining 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.21.665674v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Constructing high-quality genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) for less-studied species remains challenging. To address this, we developed AlphaGEM, a versatile toolbox leveraging proteome-scale structural alignment and deep-learning-based predictions for efficient genomic mining to generate GEMs ready for applications. Our findings show that the structural alignment or protein-language-model-based prediction (i.e., PLMSearch), could identify more homologous protein relationships than sequence-blast-based alignment, contributing to the accurate profiling of metabolism from target organisms. Additionally, AlphaGEM encompasses an ensemble procedure empowered by multiple deep learning toolboxes to effectively mine the dark metabolic functions encoded by nonhomologous proteins, significantly expanding species-specific metabolic networks. We demonstrate AlphaGEMs accuracy by building GEMs for eukaryotes (e.g., S. pombe, C. albicans) and prokaryotes (e.g., K. pneumoniae, B. subtilis), achieving predictions comparable to manually curated models while outperforming existing tools. AlphaGEM also successfully reconstructs GEMs for M. musculus and C. griseus, showcasing its great potential for uncovering dark metabolism in complex mammals. Lastly, we demonstrate that AlphaGEM could facilitate the automatic GEMs reconstruction for 332 distinct yeast species with high prediction fidelity. In conclusion, AlphaGEM provides unprecedented opportunities for the precise, rapid construction of GEMs across diverse domains, which sets a solid foundation for universal functional analysis of non-model organisms having genome sequences available.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Han, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerkhoven, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nielsen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.21.665674</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[AlphaGEM Enables Precise Genome-Scale Metabolic Modelling by Integrating Protein Structure Alignment with deep-learning-based Dark Metabolism Mining]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.24.666563v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An AI-based and coding-free protocol for forests Leaf Area Index (LAI) calculation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.24.666563v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Measurements of Leaf Area Index (LAI) have become an important component in modern forest ecology and conservation. Detecting subtle annual, seasonal, and spatial variations in tropical forests is particularly challenging, due to their complex structure and dynamic environmental conditions. Traditional processing of hemispherical photographs involves time-consuming pixel classification that is prone to subjective systematic errors, impeding comparison across months, years, and study sites. While automated methods that ensure consistency are available, they typically require coding expertise, which limits their wider adoption among non-specialists. We present a streamlined protocol that enables automatic, coding-free calculation of LAI by integrating two free software packages: ilastik, for AI-based pixel classification, and CAN-EYE, for LAI estimation.

To evaluate its performance, we compared the seasonal and spatial variations in LAI derived from our protocol with those obtained using traditional pixel classification. Four sub-types of tropical forests were used to test the protocols in different scenarios, including moist evergreen forest, semi-deciduous forest, dry forests, and woody savanna. We found that traditional pixel classification (which requires manual threshold adjustments by operators) was highly influenced by subjective bias, with results varying depending on the time invested in pixel classification. In contrast, the fully automated workflow (our protocol: ilastik pixel classification + CAN-EYE calculation) eliminates subjective bias, enabling consistent cross-years and cross-operator comparisons. Careful validation using field photos and local forest phenology showed that the automated approach captured seasonal LAI variations more accurately than traditional processing, aligning more closely with observed phenological patterns. However, analyses of spatial variation found no significant difference between protocols, as both captured site-to-site differences with comparable accuracy. Additionally, ilastik can classify pixels into non-binary categories (sky, leaves, and twigs), providing an added layer of detail that is useful for delineating savanna tree phenology. We present an automated, user friendly, and widely applicable protocol that enhances the accuracy, consistency, and reproducibility of LAI measurements, offering a robust tool for advancing tropical forest monitoring and research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ma, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duah-Gyamfi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adu-Bredu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naive, M. A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oliveras Menor, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malhi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dahlsjo, C. A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang-Zheng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.24.666563</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An AI-based and coding-free protocol for forests Leaf Area Index (LAI) calculation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.29.667346v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
KiF1a-regulated neuronal infrastructures in sensory and prefrontal cortices essential for fear memory and anxiety 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.29.667346v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Stress in social activities induces fears. Cellular infrastructures and molecular profiles underlying fear-relevant psychosis remain elusive. By giving psychological stress to mice that watched fear scenes in the resident/intruder paradigm, we have studied the features of neuronal infrastructures in visual, auditory and medial prefrontal cortices correlated to fear-induced anxiety by approaches of behavior task, neural tracing, molecular biology and electrophysiology in vivo. This psychological stress causes observational mice fears specific to resident mouse and anxiety. This social phobia is associated with the interconnections newly emerged among visual, auditory and medial prefrontal cortices as well as among intramodal neurons. These cortical neurons receive the new synapse innervations from their interconnected neurons alongside the innate synapse innervations, and become to encode the stress signals including battle image and battle sound. The KiF1a knockdown in the medial prefrontal cortex precludes the formations of neuronal infrastructures and social phobia. KiF1a-mediated intracellular transportation in the medial prefrontal cortex is essential for the recruitment of associative memory neurons that encode fear scenes and anxiety.

HighlightO_LIPsychological stress induces fears and interconnections among sensory and prefrontal cortices.
C_LIO_LIAssociative memory neurons in these cortices are recruited to encode fear scenes and anxiety.
C_LIO_LIKiF1a-mediated transportation essential for these cellular infrastructures relevant to learned fear.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, J.-y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, B.-c.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.29.667346</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[KiF1a-regulated neuronal infrastructures in sensory and prefrontal cortices essential for fear memory and anxiety]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.01.668065v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantifying spatiotemporal decoupling of GDGT-temperature relationships in a deep alpine lake 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.01.668065v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs), membrane lipids produced by archaea and some bacteria, are widely used in paleoclimate reconstructions due to their empirical relationship with temperature. However, their application in lakes is complicated by uncertainties in source attribution and environmental controls on their distribution. To address these constraints, we analyzed both branched and isoprenoid GDGTs (brGDGTs and isoGDGTs) in settling particles collected over 19 months using sediment traps at four depths (10, 15, 25 and 35 m) in Lake Lugu, a deep, stratified alpine lake in southwestern China. GDGT fluxes showed synchronous spatiotemporal variations across depths, with higher values during winter mixing than summer stratification, suggesting in situ production enhanced by nutrient upwelling during lake overturn. Correlations between GDGT distributions and high-resolution water temperature profiles revealed strong temperature sensitivity in isoGDGTs, particularly the Ring Index (RI), with peak correlations linked to mean temperatures [~]20 days prior to trap recovery, indicating a clear temporal lag in GDGT-temperature relationship. Moreover, stronger correlations with temperatures at overlying depths, implying vertical transport of isoGDGTs and a dominant autochthonous origin from the upper water column. In contrast, brGDGTs displayed weak or non-significant temperature dependence, likely reflecting distinct microbial sources or other controlling factors. These findings underscore the utility of isoGDGT-based proxies, particularly RI, while highlighting the importance of accounting for spatiotemporal offsets in GDGTs production when reconstructing paleotemperatures in deep, stratified lakes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naafs, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peterse, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.01.668065</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantifying spatiotemporal decoupling of GDGT-temperature relationships in a deep alpine lake]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.06.668639v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatiotemporal lineage mapping of tumor immune escape with eTRACER 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.06.668639v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Deciphering spatiotemporal cell lineage dynamics remains a fundamental yet unresolved challenge. Here we introduce eTRACER, a novel CRISPR-Cas9 lineage tracer that targets neutral 3UTR of high-expression endogenous genes, enabling efficient recovery of static and evolving barcodes from single-cell and spatial transcriptomics. By optimizing gradient editing efficacy and avoiding large disruptive deletions, eTRACER reconstructs high-fidelity and high-resolution single-cell phylogenies. Applied to EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) under CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity, eTRACER reveals directional state transitions from Hypoxic and Proliferative states to Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition state during immune evasion. Spatially-resolved lineage mapping unveils layered stratification of distinct tumor states and location-primed cell migration and state transitions. Lineage-coupled single-cell multiomic analysis uncovers cooperative mechanism between tumor cell-intrinsic AP-1 transcriptional program and spatially restricted macrophage-tumor cell interaction leading to immune evasion. Collectively, we develop a powerful spatiotemporal lineage tracer and uncover microenvironment-primed cellular evolution underlying immune evasion of EGFR-mutant LUAD, with important implication for efficient immunotherapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bian, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, L. T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.06.668639</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatiotemporal lineage mapping of tumor immune escape with eTRACER]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.10.669570v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CLM-access: A Specialized Foundation Model for High-dimensional Single-cell ATAC-seq analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.10.669570v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Inspired by the success of large language models (LLMs) in natural language processing, cell language models (CLMs) have emerged as a promising paradigm for learning cell representations from high-dimensional single-cell data--particularly transcriptomic profiles from scRNA-seq. These foundation models have shown remarkable potential across a variety of downstream applications. However, there remains a lack of foundation models for scATAC-seq data, which measures chromatin accessibility at single-cell level and is critical for decoding epigenetic regulation. Developing such models is considerably more challenging due to the unique characteristics of scATAC-seq data, including the vast number of chromatin regions, lack of standardized annotations, extreme sparsity, and near-binary distributions. To address these challenges, we systematically explore various strategies and propose CLM-access, a specialized foundation model for scATAC-seq data. CLM-access incorporates three main innovations: (1) an unified data processing pipeline that maps 2.8 million cells onto an unified reference of over 1 million chromatin regions; (2) a specialized patching and embedding strategy to effectively manage high-dimensional inputs; and (3) a tailored masking and loss function design that preserves fine-grained regional information while enhancing training efficiency and representation quality. With comprehensive benchmarks, we show that CLM-access significantly outperforms existing methods in key downstream tasks, including batch effect correction, cell type annotation, RNA expression prediction, and multi-modal integration. This work establishes a scalable and interpretable foundation model for single-cell epigenomic analysis and expands the application of CLMs in single-cell research. Code is available at https://github.com/HIM-AIM/CLM-access
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sha, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.10.669570</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CLM-access: A Specialized Foundation Model for High-dimensional Single-cell ATAC-seq analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.11.669588v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DeepHalo: Deep Learning-Powered Exploration of Halogenated Metabolites Uncovering Antibacterial Depsipeptides 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.11.669588v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the omics era, confident high-throughput analytical tools are crucial for the efficient identification of metabolites. Here, we present DeepHalo, a deep learning-integrated and hierarchically optimized workflow designed for high-throughput exploration of halogenated metabolites from high-resolution mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. DeepHalo leverages deep learning models combined with a comprehensive scoring to enhance the reliability of halogen predictions. It integrates PyOpenMS for fast isotope pattern detection and incorporates a halogen-based dereplication algorithm with GNPS molecular networking to efficiently exploit and annotate halogenates from complex biological matrices. To validate its performance, DeepHalo was applied to explore halogenated metabolites from 1,296 microbial culture crude, leading to the discovery of six families of structurally diverse halogenated molecules. This included a new class of cyclic depsipeptides, aglomycins A-E, featuring rare 3-chloroanthranilic acid and/or epoxyvaline blocks. Additionally, a plausible biosynthetic pathway of aglomycins was proposed through bioinformatics analyses and targeted gene knockout experiments. Bioassays revealed that aglomycin A exhibits synergistic antibacterial activity with linezolid against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) both in vitro and in vivo. We envision that DeepHalo (freely available at https://github.com/xieyying/DeepHalo) will become a powerful tool for accelerating the discovery of halogenated "dark matter".
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lv, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.11.669588</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DeepHalo: Deep Learning-Powered Exploration of Halogenated Metabolites Uncovering Antibacterial Depsipeptides]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.12.670006v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial transcriptomics identifies distinct domains regulating yield-related traits of the wheat ear 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.12.670006v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cereal inflorescences are complex, highly ordered structures composed of grain-producing florets that form within specialised branches called spikelets. The spikelets of wheat are arranged in two alternating rows along a central rachis, in a pattern determined during early reproductive development. While several genes that control spikelet development have been identified, the molecular processes that regulate their morphology and the formation of supporting structures, such as meristems and the rachis, remain poorly understood. Here, we used spatial transcriptomics to investigate the dynamic transcriptional landscape of a wheat inflorescence during spikelet development. We identified two spatially distinct regions that regulate spikelet architecture, including a primordium region characterised by RAMOSA2 activity, and a boundary region that expresses ALOG1 and known regulators of bract suppression. Developmental assays indicate that spikelets differentiate from meristematic regions, which is accompanied by formation of central vascular regions of the rachis and inflorescence base that express genes controlling spikelet number. The combined spatial transcriptome and genetic data reveal key regulators of spikelet development, including target genes for improving spikelet number and yield.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pasquariello, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alabdullah, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iqbal, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salamon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boden, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.12.670006</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial transcriptomics identifies distinct domains regulating yield-related traits of the wheat ear]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.20.671397v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
KICDB: A Causality-Oriented Multi-Omics Database for Kinase Inhibitor-Induced Cardiotoxicity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.20.671397v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundKinase inhibitors (KIs) are mainstays of targeted cancer therapy, but their clinical utility is frequently limited by cardiotoxicity. A systematic resource to explore the underlying causal mechanisms is urgently needed.

MethodsWe present the KICDB (Kinase Inhibitor Cardiotoxicity Database), a comprehensive and interactive web server. KICDB is built upon a framework integrating large-scale transcriptomics meta-analysis with causal inference.

ResultsThis database centralizes the findings from a comprehensive meta-analysis of 26 kinase inhibitors (KIs) across 7 studies (n=5291) identified 8,907 significant gene expression changes in human cardiomyocytes. To establish causality, we performed a two-pronged Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis testing hundreds of downstream genes and a panel of 43 key kinase proteins against 46 cardiovascular outcomes. This large-scale analysis revealed 26 significant causal associations, implicating novel molecular mediators in KI-induced cardiotoxicity.

ConclusionsKICDB serves as a valuable and accessible platform for the cardio-oncology community. By integrating transcriptomic signatures with causal inference data, the database empowers researchers to formulate mechanistic hypotheses, accelerate biomarker validation, and guide the design of future cardioprotective strategies.

URL: https://zhang-lab-database.shinyapps.io/KICDB/

Key PointsO_LIWe developed KICDB, a comprehensive and publicly accessible web server, to systematically investigate the causal mechanisms of KI-induced cardiotoxicity.
C_LIO_LIKICDB integrates a large-scale meta-analysis of transcriptomic data from 26 KIs with a robust Mendelian randomization (MR) framework to move beyond correlation and infer causality.
C_LIO_LIThe analysis identified 8,907 significant gene expression changes and 26 significant causal associations between KI-associated genes and 46 cardiovascular outcomes.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wei, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>ZHANG, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.20.671397</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[KICDB: A Causality-Oriented Multi-Omics Database for Kinase Inhibitor-Induced Cardiotoxicity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.26.672026v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An activated wheat CCG10-NLR immune receptor forms an octameric resistosome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.26.672026v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptors (NLRs) are widespread intracellular immune sensors across kingdoms. In plants, the G10-type coiled-coil (CCG10)-NLRs form a distinct phylogenetic clade that remains poorly characterized. Here, we identified a gain-of-function (GOF) mutant of Wheat Autoimmunity 3 (WAI3), designated WAI3GOF, which encodes a constitutively activated CCG10-NLR protein due to an amino acid substitution. Cryo-EM structural analysis revealed that activated WAI3 assembles into a distinctive octameric resistosome. Arabidopsis RPS2, another CCG10-NLR, also forms an octamer, indicating a conserved structural property across monocot and dicot plants. The WAI3 resistosome mediates a prolonged and sustained increase in cytosolic calcium influx, facilitated by a unique channel architecture arising from its divergent CC domain configuration. Notably, this domain arrangement may be shared by many plant NLRs that lack the conserved EDVID motif in their CC domains. Our findings uncover a previously uncharacterized resistosome structure and provide insights into plant immune receptor plasticity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamoun, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Selvaraj, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.26.672026</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An activated wheat CCG10-NLR immune receptor forms an octameric resistosome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.02.673691v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Instruction-tuned extraction of virus-host interactions from integrated scientific evidence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.02.673691v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationViral infectious diseases continue to pose a major threat to global health. Understanding protein-protein interactions (PPIs) and RNA-protein interactions (RPIs) between viruses and hosts is essential for elucidating infection mechanisms. However, manual curation of these interactions from biomedical literature is inefficient, creating a pressing need for automated and scalable extraction methods. Large language models (LLMs), such as the generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) and bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT), offer promising solutions. Yet, most existing datasets focus on abstracts, overlooking other information-rich sections. We aim to develop a data-efficient approach to extract virus-host interaction (VHI) entities from full-text biomedical articles, including Results, Methods and tables. To our knowledge, this is the first study to apply instruction tuning to full-text VHI extraction

ResultsWe curated a dataset containing 3, 395 PPI and 674 RPI entities from the Results, Materials and Methods sections, along with 566 PPIs and 793 RPIs from tables. Under low-resource conditions (<500 training examples), our instruction-tuned ChatMed-VHI model achieves the best overall performance (F1: 89.7%, Precision: 95.3%), outperforming PubMedBERT (F1: 74.6%, Precision: 75.1%). When scaled to the full dataset (>4, 000 training examples), ChatMed-VHI maintained the highest overall performance, while PubMedBERT achieved slightly higher precision (92.3% vs. 91.3%). Notably, ChatMed-VHI improved F1 and recall by 2.79% but precision dropped by 4.20% with more training data, whereas PubMedBERT improved consistently across all metrics. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of instruction-tuned LLMs for full-text biomedical extraction tasks, and position ChatMed-VHI as a scalable, domain-adaptable solution for VHI mining.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.02.673691</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Instruction-tuned extraction of virus-host interactions from integrated scientific evidence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.03.673895v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hypoimmunogenic human motor neurons induced from iPSCs in vivo substantially ameliorate ALS disease in large animal models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.03.673895v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Stem cell-based therapy holds great potential for substituting degenerated motor neurons (MNs) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Missing protocols for advanced differentiation of transplanted cells into MNs, immune rejection, and the lack of suitable ALS models for preclinical trials have slowed the development of effective therapies. Here, we employed multiplex genetic-editing to generate a novel human pluripotent stem cell line containing doxycycline (Dox)-inducible MNs-specific transcription factors and comprehensively modified immunomodulatory genes. We transplanted these cells into the spinal cord of ALS large animal models (SOD1G93A pigs and TIA1P362L rabbits), which faithfully recapitulate pathologies and symptoms observed in ALS patients. The transplanted cells could efficiently differentiate into functional MNs upon Dox treatment in vivo, distribute throughout the spinal cord and motor cortex via extensive migration, survive long-term without the need for immunosuppression. Notably, these MNs integrated into host neural circuits, as evidenced by their long projection of peripheral axons to target muscle and reformation of neuromuscular junctions. As result, pathologies and motor deficits were substantially ameliorated in both animal models.

One Sentence SummaryHypoimmunogenic human motor neurons induced from iPSCs in vivo reform neuromuscular junctions and ameliorate ALS disease in pig and rabbit models.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouyang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ott, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.03.673895</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hypoimmunogenic human motor neurons induced from iPSCs in vivo substantially ameliorate ALS disease in large animal models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.10.675441v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Abnormal shear stress induces ferroptosis in endothelial cells via KLF6 downregulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.10.675441v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Stable laminar flow maintains vascular tone regulation, while abnormal blood flow, such as disturbed flow or extreme shear stress, causes endothelial dysfunction, but the underlying mechanism is yet to be explored. We used a microfluidic device to deform flat microchannel into tunnel-like macrochannel. The cross-sectional area of this macrochannel varies with the flow rate and the thickness of the deformable layer, creating three levels of shear stress: low (0.99 dyn/cm2, LSS), medium (4.78 dyn/cm2, MSS), and high (24 dyn/cm2, HSS). Comparing different shear stress exposure to endothelial cells for 24 h, prominent ferroptosis features emerged under either LSS or HSS compared to MSS. These features included increased C11 BODIPY-labeled lipid peroxidation and 4-hydroxynonenal accumulation, CoQ10 depletion, reduced SLC7A11 protein expression, and diminished cell death with Ferrostatin-1 treatment. RNA-seq analysis (LSS/MSS) showed that LSS significantly downregulated transcription of cholesterol homeostasis and unfolded protein response (UPR). Compared to MSS, Western blot results showed that both LSS and HSS reduced the expression of two key enzymes (MVD and IDI1) in the mevalonate pathway, as well as the expression of two main UPR signaling regulators (PERK and BiP). Based on the binding prediction between transcription factors and gene promoters from differentially expressed genes identified through RNA-seq, we found KLF6 to be a key transcription factor. It regulates the PERK-mediated UPR and the mevalonate pathway, which are associated with SLC7A11 expression and CoQ10 synthesis, respectively. The overexpression of KLF6 restored SLC7A11 and CoQ10 levels under both LSS and HSS, significantly reducing foam cell formation, monocyte adhesion, and lipid peroxidation. Our findings reveal KLF6 as a crucial regulator of atherosclerosis induced by abnormal shear stress.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cui, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaidi, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.10.675441</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Abnormal shear stress induces ferroptosis in endothelial cells via KLF6 downregulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.12.675771v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Generative Foundation Model for Antibody Design 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.12.675771v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Antibodies are indispensable components of the immune system, yet the design of high-affinity antibodies remains a time-consuming and experimentally intensive process. To address this challenge, we present IgGM, a novel generative foundation model designed to accelerate high-affinity antibody engineering. IgGM learns the complex relationships underlying the binding interactions between antigens and antibodies, as well as the mapping between antibody sequences and structures. By conditioning on different inputs, IgGM supports a wide range of antibody design tasks, including complex structure prediction, inverse design, affinity maturation, framework optimization, humanization, and de novo antibody design. It is compatible with both conventional antibodies and nanobodies, and allows user-defined CDR loop lengths for flexible design. To prioritize candidates, we introduce a frequency-based computational screening strategy that enhances design efficiency. Extensive evaluation through both in silico benchmarks and in vitro experiments across diverse antigens such as PD-L1, Protein A, TNF-, IL-33, SARS-CoV-2 RBD and its variants demonstrates that IgGM consistently generates antibodies or nanobodies with high measured affinity. These results underscore IgGMs versatility and effectiveness as a powerful tool for next-generation antibody discovery and optimization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ying, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.12.675771</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Generative Foundation Model for Antibody Design]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.12.675974v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Genetic Immune Basis of Gout: Identification, Functional Characterization, and Therapeutic Implications 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.12.675974v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gout, the most common inflammatory arthritis, is still managed mainly as a metabolic disorder, with treatment centered around urate lowering rather than blocking the immune response that drives gout flares. This emphasis reflects a historical view of gout as a disease of excess and diet, reinforced by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that consistently detect urate transport and metabolism loci, while immune-related loci have failed to reach genome-wide significance. Growing clinical and experimental evidence, however, points to a central role for immune pathways in gout pathogenesis.

We set out isolate the immune genetic component of gout. Using a conjunctional false discovery rate (conjFDR) framework, we integrated gout GWAS data with those from eight immune-mediated disorders rheumatoid arthritis, Crohns disease, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and systemic lupus erythematosus. We observed robust pleiotropic enrichment across all comparisons and mapped the resulting loci through FUMA to 85 unique credible genes broadly distributed across the genome, with no classical urate transporters present. Additionally, we identified 16 novel genes for gout, many of which are of obvious immune nature.

We performed GO and KEGG enrichment analyses, which at a stringent q-value threshold identified adaptive and innate immune pathways, including T and B cell receptor signaling, antigen processing and presentation, NF-{kappa}B signaling, and Jak-STAT signaling. At a nominal p-value threshold, we uncovered additional cytokine-driven processes such as IL6 and IL7 signaling. We confirmed disease relevance with DisGeNET and established causality for 14 genes through Mendelian randomization, including IL1RN, MAP3K11, and SH2B3 genes with existing pharmacological inhibitors.

We are the first to genetically isolate the genetic immune component of gout. Our findings show that these immune pathways can be specifically targeted, and immune medication should be incorporated into therapeutic strategies to complement urate-lowering approaches.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Syed, A. A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Memon, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fahira, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jian, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.12.675974</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Genetic Immune Basis of Gout: Identification, Functional Characterization, and Therapeutic Implications]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.15.676236v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DynPerturb:Dynamic Perturbation Modeling for Spatiotemporal Single-Cell Systems 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.15.676236v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Perturbation responses in multicellular systems are inherently spatiotemporal, governed by temporal dynamics, perturbation intensity, and tissue context. However, existing approaches rarely capture explicit spatiotemporal perturbation dynamics, limiting the ability to reconstruct how perturbations propagate over time, spread across space, and induce feedback at multiple biological scales. Here we introduce DynPerturb, a dynamic inference framework for single-cell and spatial transcriptomics that systematically models the "when-how strong-where" dimensions of perturbations. DynPerturb incorporates temporal encoding, spatial adjacency, and memory modules to capture nonlinear signal propagation and cross-regional feedback with mechanistic interpretability. Across temporal benchmarking datasets, DynPerturb consistently outperformed existing methods in regulatory link prediction, demonstrated zero-shot generalization to unseen nodes, and preserved accuracy under varying sparsity conditions and temporal resolutions. Applied to representative biological systems, DynPerturb uncovers dynamic regulatory rewiring in kidney disease, highlighting a mid-age sensitivity window and potential reversibility with early intervention; delineated a temporal fate-switching boundary between megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors (MEPs) and granulocyte-monocyte progenitors (GMPs) during hematopoiesis; and revealed spatiotemporal interchamber signaling in murine heart development, where Igf2 perturbations induced spatial feedback shaping chamber proportioning. Collectively, these results establish DynPerturb as a unified and versatile system for dissecting dynamic perturbation effects and guiding precision intervention strategies in multicellular systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>QIN, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.15.676236</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DynPerturb:Dynamic Perturbation Modeling for Spatiotemporal Single-Cell Systems]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.23.677976v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cryo-EM structure of influenza polymerase bound to the cRNA promoter provides insights into the mechanism of virus replication 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.23.677976v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Influenza virus polymerase (FluPol) synthesizes the complementary RNA (cRNA) and the viral RNA (vRNA) using distinct de novo initiation strategies during genome replication, known as internal and terminal initiation, respectively. The de novo initiation mechanisms, especially the internal initiation process, which includes a template realignment process, is still not well understood. Here, we present a cryo-electron microscopy structure of H5N1 FluPol bound to the cRNA promoter. In combination with structural analyses and structure-guided mutagenesis studies, we identified several previously unreported structural features of FluPol essential for internal initiation. The B loop adopts an "open" conformation, allowing translocation of the 3' terminus of cRNA (3'-cRNA) template into the catalytic cavity. The dynamic of incoming 3'-cRNA template is limited by the priming and realignment loop (PR loop), which facilitates the cRNA template realignment process. An asparagine cluster above the catalytic cavity is required for polymerase activity. Our findings provide structural insights into the mechanism of replication internal initiation of FluPol.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.23.677976</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cryo-EM structure of influenza polymerase bound to the cRNA promoter provides insights into the mechanism of virus replication]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.30.679045v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Accurate and efficient phylogenetic inference through end-to-end deep learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.30.679045v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accurate phylogenetic inference is crucial for understanding evolutionary relationships among species. Deep learning technique has been introduced for phylogenetic inference; however, the existing deep learning-based approaches either suffer from limited accuracy as they split inference into several disjoint stages, or exhibit low efficiency and hardly apply to the cases with over 20 species. Here we present an accurate and efficient approach to phylogenetic inference. Our approach, called NeuralNJ, employs an end-to-end framework that directly constructs phylogenetic trees from the input taxa, thus effectively avoiding the inaccuracy incurred by the split inference stages. The key innovation of NeuralNJ lies in its learnable neighbor joining mechanism, which iteratively joins neighbors guided by learned priority scores and thereby achieves accurate tree reconstruction. The inference accuracy is further enhanced through incorporating reinforcement learning-based tree search. Using both simulated and empirical data as representatives, we demonstrate that NeuralNJ can effectively infer phylogenetic tree with improved computational efficiency and reconstruction accuracy. The study paves the way to accurate and efficient phylogenetic inference for hundreds of taxa in complex evolutionary scenarios.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.30.679045</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Accurate and efficient phylogenetic inference through end-to-end deep learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.30.679260v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
LINE1 RNA dysregulation impairs chromatin accessibility in C9ORF72- and TDP-43-linked ALS/FTD 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.30.679260v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The long interspersed element-1 (LINE1) retrotransposon RNAs are abnormally elevated in various neurodegenerative disorders, but their pathogenic roles remain unclear. Here we investigated the mechanism of LINE1 RNA accumulation and its function in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) associated with C9ORF72 repeat expansion and TDP-43 loss-of-function, the leading causes of familial and sporadic forms of these neurodegenerative diseases. We show that LINE1 RNA is dysregulated due to an impaired nuclear exosome targeting (NEXT) degradation pathway. Its elevation epigenetically increases chromatin accessibility, enhancing global transcription via a retrotransposon-independent mechanism. Reducing LINE1 RNA mitigates chromosomal abnormalities and improves the survival of disease-relevant neurons. These findings uncover an essential noncoding RNA function and regulatory mechanism of LINE1 in neurons, providing insights into disease pathogenesis and highlighting potential therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wright, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Troncoso, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.30.679260</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[LINE1 RNA dysregulation impairs chromatin accessibility in C9ORF72- and TDP-43-linked ALS/FTD]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.30.679666v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Autonomous liquid-handling robotics scripting through large language models enables accessible and safe protein engineering workflows 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.30.679666v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Laboratory automation enhances experimental throughput and reproducibility, yet widespread adoption is constrained by the expertise required for robotic programming. Here, we introduce LabscriptAI, a multi-agent framework that enables large language models to autonomously generate and validate executable Python scripts for protein engineering automation. Across a 55-task benchmark spanning four difficulty levels and multiple liquid-handling platforms, LabscriptAI achieved high success rates and outperformed both direct large language model baselines and a commercial solution. LabscriptAI automated cell-free protein synthesis and characterization of 298 green fluorescent protein (GFP) variants designed by 53 teams from five countries in a student challenge; the top variant achieved functional performance comparable to an extensively optimized benchmark while exploring distinct sequence space. Furthermore, LabscriptAI orchestrated distributed automation across a biofoundry and fume hood-enclosed systems to engineer enzyme variants utilizing formaldehyde, a sustainable but hazardous substrate, and identified a double mutant with sevenfold increase in catalytic efficiency. The platform implements rigorous safety measures, including biosecurity screening, physical containment, and human-in-the-loop oversight, to safeguard autonomous protein engineering. LabscriptAI democratizes laboratory automation by eliminating programming barriers while promoting responsible research practices.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yuan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Si, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.30.679666</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Autonomous liquid-handling robotics scripting through large language models enables accessible and safe protein engineering workflows]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.08.681126v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Finding the perfect promoter: Correlating single-cell transcriptome data with gene drive performance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.08.681126v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene drive can control pathogen transmission or suppress vector populations by spreading drive alleles with super-Mendelian inheritance. CRISPR homing drive currently represents the most powerful type, and regulating Cas9 expression with specific promoters has been effective for improving drive performance. However, selecting these is often a major challenge. Here, we evaluated 35 Cas9 constructs driven by distinct promoters in different gene drive systems and identified associations between drive performance and single-cell RNA expression patterns of the promoter-associated genes. Our results indicate that higher drive conversion is significantly associated with elevated expression of the promoter-associated gene in the respective reproductive cells, but embryo resistance allele formation correlates with excessive female germline expression. For males, early germline expression produces superior performance. Thus, we find that optimal drive performance requires restricting Cas9 expression to a tight quantitative and spatiotemporal window. In addition, found that in situ integrated rhino-Cas9 constructs significantly reduce somatic expression, underscoring the importance of genomic locus. On the basis of these results, we propose criteria for selecting promoters, providing a theoretical rationale and practical guidance for optimization of promoter elements in homing gene drive systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Champer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.08.681126</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Finding the perfect promoter: Correlating single-cell transcriptome data with gene drive performance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.12.681753v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Joint analysis of expression and variation at single cell resolution by scVar 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.12.681753v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tumor heterogeneity represents a critical determinant affecting both cancer diagnosis and therapeutic efficacy. Traditional bulk sequencing approaches are limited in their ability to resolve genomic alterations at the resolution of individual cells. In this study, we present scVar, an integrated analytical framework designed for mutation profiling using single-cell transcriptomic data. scVar enables sensitive and robust detection of single-nucleotide variants, particularly facilitating the identification of low-frequency variants. The framework incorporates customizable filtering parameters including variant allele frequency, and provides comprehensive functional and clinical annotations for identified mutations. Furthermore, scVar includes downstream analytical modules that facilitate the joint investigation of transcriptomic and mutational profiles within single cells. Benchmarking on simulated datasets and matched tumor samples demonstrates that scVar consistently outperforms existing methods, especially in detecting variants of low abundance, and shows strong concordance with whole-exome sequencing data. Application of scVar to non-small cell lung cancer samples effectively characterized ITH across spatially distinct tumor regions and diverse cellular populations. Collectively, scVar offers an integrated platform for concurrent analysis of somatic mutations and transcriptomic data derived from single-cell RNA sequencing, providing a powerful tool for elucidating tumor evolution and the complex interplay between genomic heterogeneity and the tumor microenvironment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.12.681753</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Joint analysis of expression and variation at single cell resolution by scVar]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.13.681959v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Population-scale Single-cell Spatial Transcriptomic Atlas of the Human Cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.13.681959v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The genetic and spatial determinants of cell type diversity in human cerebral cortices remain poorly defined. Here, we present a population-level single-cell spatial transcriptomic atlas of human cortices from 71 donors across the lifespan. We identified 906 layer-specific genes showing conserved and divergent laminar expression patterns between humans and other species. Spatial analysis revealed neuronal vulnerability and glial activation during aging, together with a decline in the proportion of superficial SST neurons and their interactions with other cells. Disease-associated genes exhibited high cell-type and layer-specific expression, implicating the pathogenic role of spatially specific gene expression. Spatial cis-eQTL analysis identified regulatory variants linked to genes related to diseases like Tourette syndrome. Cross-species comparison demonstrated glial expansion in the human cortex, accompanied by enhanced neuron-glia communication via the neuregulin signaling. Together, we provide a comprehensive single-cell atlas of the human cortex that is essential for understanding aging, evolution, and disease pathogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Han, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chai, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gan, W.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.13.681959</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Population-scale Single-cell Spatial Transcriptomic Atlas of the Human Cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.15.682525v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Engineering Treg-mediated immune tolerance via foxp3a overexpression to evade allograft transplantation barriers in zebrafish 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.15.682525v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In mammals, regulatory T cells (Treg) cells have been utilized to enhance tolerance in organ transplantation. Although transplanting germline stem cells (GSCs) or gonadal primordia into immunodeficient zebrafish have shown to be an important technique which can bypass the juvenile phase and expedite gamete generation, it remains challenging to raise the immunodeficient fish. Here, we achieved in vivo induction of Tregs by overexpressing the key transcription factor Foxp3a, generating transgenic zebrafish with robust immune tolerance. This was characterized by a significant downregulation of T cell development and homing-related genes, accompanied by a marked upregulation of immunosuppressive factors. Using these immune-tolerant fish as hosts for subcutaneous gonadal primordium transplantation (SGPT) and intraperitoneal GSC transplantation (IGCT), we markedly accelerated germ cell maturation and efficiently established stable transgenic lines. Transcriptomic analyses demonstrated that transgenic hosts demonstrated a phenotypic profile characterized by delayed immune activation, attenuated responsiveness, and enhanced graft survival. Thus, we present a Treg-induction-based approach in fish that resolves the intrinsic conflict between high embryonic transgenesis efficiency and early lethality, while significantly improving overall transgenesis success rates. Moreover, it offers a practical alternative to immunodeficient recipients, avoiding the challenges of complex husbandry and compromised fertility.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.15.682525</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Engineering Treg-mediated immune tolerance via foxp3a overexpression to evade allograft transplantation barriers in zebrafish]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.23.684078v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrating theory and machine learning to reveal determinants of plasmid copy number 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.23.684078v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plasmids are extrachromosomal mobile genetic elements whose copy numbers (PCNs) critically influence microbial evolution, antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity. Despite their importance and immense diversity, the ecological, evolutionary and molecular factors determining PCN remain poorly understood. Here, we present a theoretical model to explain the empirical power-law relationship between plasmid size and copy number, one of the fundamental quantitative principles governing PCN control. However, this relationship alone has limited predictive power. To improve PCN prediction, we introduce a data-driven approach incorporating diverse features. Trained on >10,000 plasmids, our machine learning model achieves significantly enhanced accuracy, with plasmid-encoded protein domains emerging as key predictors. Applying this framework, we conduct the first comprehensive analysis of PCN distributions across hundreds of thousands of metagenomic plasmids (IMG/PR database) and tens of thousands of clinical isolates, uncovering niche specific taxonomic PCN hotspots and ecological adaptations. These results provide critical insights into plasmid ecology, ARG surveillance and shed lights on the gut plasmidome, a "dark matter" in human microbiome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shahzadi, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ullah, H. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maddamsetti, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>You, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.23.684078</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrating theory and machine learning to reveal determinants of plasmid copy number]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.28.684947v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure and function of the nairovirus cap-snatching endonuclease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.28.684947v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nairoviruses include several human pathogens such as Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) and Kasokero virus (KASV). The cap-snatching endonuclease (EN) domain of the viral polymerase is essential for transcription and represents a promising antiviral target. However, the structural and functional mechanisms of nairovirus ENs remain poorly understood. Here, we describe biochemical and structural studies of the ENs from CCHFV and KASV. Biochemical assays demonstrate that the RNA endonuclease activity of both ENs is activated by manganese ions and exhibits a preference for uridine-rich RNA substrates. This activity is inhibited by three metal-chelating inhibitors (DPBA, L-742,001, and BXA), with BXA displaying the highest binding affinity and inhibitory potency. We further determine nine crystal structures of CCHFV and KASV ENs in apo, metal ion-bound, and inhibitor-bound states. Comparative structural analysis uncovers a two-metal-ion binding mode unique to nairovirus ENs, in which conserved residues coordinate two manganese ions via bridging water molecules. In the inhibitor-bound structures of KASV EN, BXA forms additional stabilizing interactions with the enzyme, explaining its superior inhibitory effect. Functional assays further confirm that the two-metal-ion mechanism is critical for viral transcription. These findings provide a structural foundation for the rational design of antivirals against CCHFV and related pathogens.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kuang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.28.684947</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure and function of the nairovirus cap-snatching endonuclease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.28.685005v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DomDiff: protein family and domain annotation via diffusion model and ESM2 embedding 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.28.685005v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accurate identification of conserved protein domain boundaries and their classification are fundamental to genome annotation, but are hindered by ambiguous boundaries, cross-domain interference, and limited samples for rare families. Here, we present DomDiff, a supervised conditional diffusion framework that reformulates the task as a generative process. Taking ESM2 embeddings, secondary structures, and biLSTM priors as inputs, it generates labels from Gaussian noise through iterative denoising, allowing coarse-to-fine optimization. We conducted a series of benchmark analyzes on publicly available protein sequence datasets, showing that DomDiff outperforms existing methods in domain boundary identification and classification, delivering performance gains of 12.6% in boundary detection and 4.2% in classification accuracy compared to other leading models. It excels particularly in annotating rare families, offering a powerful tool for specific applications such as large-scale genome annotation and functional characterization of novel proteins, thus providing a new paradigm for few-shot challenges in bioinformatics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.28.685005</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DomDiff: protein family and domain annotation via diffusion model and ESM2 embedding]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.28.685246v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DNA Framework Nanoreactor for Programmable Membrane Fusion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.28.685246v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Membrane fusion is a fundamental yet transient process that has long resisted direct structural and kinetic dissection. Here we introduce a DNA framework vesicle (DFV) nanoreactor that transforms this elusive biological phenomenon into a programmable, visualizable, and quantifiable process-a nanoreaction confined in space yet extended in time. By embedding lipid membranes and SNARE proteins within precisely defined DNA apertures, DFVs convert stochastic vesicle collisions into geometry-controlled fusion events with tunable kinetics. Cryo-electron microscopy resolves a complete sequence of six intermediates, revealing how nanoscale confinement reshapes the energetic landscape of bilayer merger. Quantitative fluorescence and nano-flow cytometry further establish a direct link between spatial design and fusion probability. Extending this concept to living cells, DFVs enable controllable membrane fusion and augmentation on VAMP2-expressing membranes, achieving direct cytosolic delivery of functional siRNA via fusion-driven transfer rather than endocytosis. This framework bridges structural precision and functional mimicry, offering a unified platform to reconstruct, quantify, and harness membrane fusion as a programmable process for synthetic biology and nanomedicine.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shi, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bian, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.28.685246</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DNA Framework Nanoreactor for Programmable Membrane Fusion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.02.686180v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Captamer: A Novel Quantitative Protein Detecting Method Depending on Aptamer-activated Molecular Switches and RPA Signal Amplification 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.02.686180v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
There are various protein assays for specific and quantitative detection and widely used for laboratory and clinic purposes, but current methods still have limitations. Immunoassays based on antibodies, like ELISA, suffer from slow response and a long antibody-screening period, while physical or electrochemical methods are generally restricted by high cost or the stringent requirement of equipment or operating skills. In this study, we developed an in vitro sensitive protein quantification method: Captamer. The Captamer system comprises a molecular switch derived from aptamer sequence and an exponential fluorescence signal amplification pathway based on recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA). We demonstrated the Captamer for SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein detection and obtained results from samples within 30 min, displaying a wide detection window from 0.2 pg/mL to 200 pg/mL with high specificity. Furthermore, we tested the Captamer for Tau441 protein (a potential Alzheimers disease biomarker) and thrombin (a classic aptamer-protein interaction model), showing the limit of detection as low as 1 ng/mL and 0.02pg/mL respectively, which suggested the capacity of Captamer to be applied to various aptamer-protein pairs. Compared with the most commonly used and recently reported protein quantification methods, Captamer stands out for its high sensitivity, short response time, low cost, and simplicity, indicating its great potential to be widely used in protein quantification.



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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.02.686180</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Captamer: A Novel Quantitative Protein Detecting Method Depending on Aptamer-activated Molecular Switches and RPA Signal Amplification]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.09.687415v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification and Development of Functional Markers Associated with Triple Pistil Phenotype in Wheat 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.09.687415v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Triple pistil (TP) wheat is a historical genetic resource capable of producing up to three grains in a single floret and bolstering the current stagnant grain yield potential. TP phenotype is speculated to be the result of a spontaneous mutation; however, the exact underling genetic mechanism remains elusive, with lack of functional markers for early generation trait selection in hybrid wheat breeding programs. Here, scanning electron microscopy highlighted clear developmental differences between single and triple pistil plants started to arise during 1-2 cm long young spike stages. Using a forward genetics approach, we identified consistent TP-associated mutations in two genes (TraesCS2D02G490900 and TraesCS2D02G491600) exhibiting a nearly complete co-segregation with TP phenotype and developed functional markers for early generation trait selection. CRISPR-Cas9 mediated gene-editing of TraesCS2D02G490900 shifted grain set toward single-grain florets in one edited line in transgenic wheat plants. Furthermore, grain yield evaluation exhibited a significant increase in grains per spike, with no statistically significant reduction in grain weight per spike. Hybrids between common and TP wheat exhibited relatively higher yields, highlighting TP wheat as a significant donor to fortify grain yield potential. This study provides co-dominant functional markers for early generation TP trait selection and valuable targets for hybrid wheat breeding programs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Raza, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rehman, S. u.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ali, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.09.687415</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification and Development of Functional Markers Associated with Triple Pistil Phenotype in Wheat]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.12.687999v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tumor cell-specific loss of GPX4 reprograms triacylglycerol metabolism to escape ferroptosis and impair antitumor immunity in NSCLC 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.12.687999v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) is a master regulator of ferroptosis, a process that has been proposed as a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer. Here we have unexpectedly found that inducible knockout of GPX4 in tumor cells significantly promotes non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression in the autochthonous KrasLSL-G12D/+Lkb1fl/fl (KL) and KrasLSL-G12D/+Tp53fl/fl (KP) mouse models, whereas inducible overexpression of GPX4 in tumor cells exerts the opposite effect. GPX4-deficient tumor cells evade ferroptosis by upregulating the expression of DGAT1/2 to promote the synthesis of triacylglycerol (TAG) and oxidized TAG (oxTAG) and the formation of lipid droplets in cells. In addition, GPX4-deficient tumor cells secrete TAG and oxTAG into the extracellular space to induce dysfunction of antitumor CD8+ T cells, thereby coordinating an immunoinhibitory tumor microenvironment (TME). Consistently, treatment with DGAT1/2 inhibitors or inducible overexpression of GPX4 in tumor cells significantly resensitizes tumor cells to ferroptosis and ignites the activation of T cells in the TME to inhibit NSCLC progression. These findings highlight a previously uncharacterized role of tumor cell-specific GPX4 in NSCLC progression and provide potential therapeutic strategies for NSCLC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.12.687999</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tumor cell-specific loss of GPX4 reprograms triacylglycerol metabolism to escape ferroptosis and impair antitumor immunity in NSCLC]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.16.688748v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Global Mapping of circRNA-Target RNA Interactions Reveals P-Body-Mediated Translational Repression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.16.688748v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are primarily produced through pre-mRNA back-splicing, yet their target repertoire and functional mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we present circTargetMap, a computational framework for globally mapping circRNA targets using RNA-RNA interactomes obtained via RNA in situ conformation sequencing (RIC-seq) in the hippocampus and ten human cell lines. This approach identified 117,163 high-confidence circRNA-target RNA interactions, with 83% of target mRNAs bound by multiple circRNAs. Functionally, CDR1as and circRMST repress target mRNA translation by sequestering them into processing bodies (P-bodies)--membraneless granules--through sequence-specific base-pairing, probably independent of AGO2, DICER, and miRNAs. To directly capture granule-associated interactions, we developed granule RIC-seq (GRIC-seq) method, revealing the broad role of circRNA-target RNA interactions in translational repression. Moreover, pathogenic variants are significantly enriched around circRNA-target RNA interaction sites, suggesting potential roles in disease. Our study provides valuable resources for circRNA functional exploration and a framework for investigating RNA-RNA interactions within membraneless organelles.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.16.688748</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Global Mapping of circRNA-Target RNA Interactions Reveals P-Body-Mediated Translational Repression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.17.688965v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
AI-HEAD: Auto-indexing for Helical assembles' diffraction and fast dynamic structure determination 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.17.688965v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Analyzing the structure of the helical assembly is very important to excavate the mechanism of base life activities such as cell morphology maintaining, cargo transportation, et. al. However, the structure determination of helical assembles still challenging due to ambiguous of helical parameters. Here, we developed automatic, fast and accurate helical parameter and structure calculation method AI-HEAD, which perform diffraction indexing and parameter calculation automatically in seconds, and determine the final structure unambiguously by sorting parameters semi-automatically. AI-HEAD is open source and also provides a user-friendly graphical interface.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pei, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.17.688965</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[AI-HEAD: Auto-indexing for Helical assembles' diffraction and fast dynamic structure determination]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.18.688681v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MAAD: Multidimensional Antiviral Antibody Database 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.18.688681v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Antibodies have emerged as central components of therapeutic strategies against viral infectious diseases, functioning as key effectors in both prevention and treatment. While traditional antibody discovery has relied heavily on high-throughput screening, the field is now shifting toward rational antibody design, which requires integrative insights into sequence-structure-function relationships. However, the absence of a standardized and well-annotated antibody database integrating these multidimensional features hampers systematic exploration, cross-pathogen comparison, and rational antibody design. Here, we introduce a "Multidimensional Antiviral Antibody Database" (MAAD; http://www.xxx), a curated platform dedicated to antibody nanobody and single-chain variable fragment targeting three high-impact RNA virus families, Coronaviridae (SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV), Orthomyxoviridae (influenza virus), and Pneumoviridae (respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus), due to the large, high-quality datasets accumulated in recent years. MAAD further incorporates a suite of interactive analysis modules, including CDR annotation, similarity-based CDR3 sequence analysis, V/J gene usage profiling, sequence-based clustering and structure-based antigen-antibody interfaces residues with per-site entropy and mutation rate profiling. These features enable in-depth exploration of antibody sequence characteristics, thereby facilitating functional and structural insights for rational antibody design. Together, by bridging antibody sequence, structure and function, MAAD offers an open and standardized platform that advances comparative antiviral research and supports therapeutic antibody discovery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.18.688681</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MAAD: Multidimensional Antiviral Antibody Database]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.20.689412v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
OSM-11 modulates salinity-stress tolerance in Caenorhabditis elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.20.689412v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most terrestrial animals exhibit narrow salinity tolerance compared to their marine counterparts. Previous studies identified osm-11 (which encodes a Notch co-ligand) mutations as a driver of hyper-saline tolerance in Caenorhabditis elegans, but mechanistic insights remained unclear. This study employs RNA sequencing and CRISPR/Cas-9 genome editing to demonstrate that osm-11 mutations enhance salinity stress resistance through up-regulation of fatty acid metabolism (acdh-12, acs-17) and cytochrome P450 pathways (ugt-15), while suppressing calcium signaling. Furthermore, we demonstrated that acdh-12 mutation impairs salinity-stress tolerance by activating ferroptosis and mitophagy, accompanied by down-regulated oxidative phosphorylation and up-regulated autophagic pathways. Morphological observations show that mitochondrial fragmentation contributes to wild-type nematode mortality under high salinity, while enlarged lipid droplets in wild-types correlate with reduced {beta}-oxidation gene expression (dhs-28, daf-22), whose knockout disrupts tolerance in mutants. These findings unravel the multi-pathway regulatory network of osm-11-mediated salinity tolerance, providing mechanistic insights for developing protective strategies against environmental salinity stressors impacting animal survival.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.20.689412</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[OSM-11 modulates salinity-stress tolerance in Caenorhabditis elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.22.685598v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
β-Nicotinamide mononucleotide: a novel broad-spectrum CRISPR inhibitor 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.22.685598v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CRISPR-Cas systems have revolutionized genome editing with their precision and versatility, enabling transformative applications in various fields, especially in the treatment of genetic diseases. However, the clinical translation of this technology is hindered by challenges such as off-target effects and uncontrolled nuclease activity. At the same time, it has the possibility of causing biosecurity risks, underscoring the urgent need for reliable regulatory tools. Existing CRISPR inhibitors, primarily anti-CRISPR protein or exogenously synthesized small molecules, are limited by their specificity or bioavailability and long research period, unable to address the diverse CRISPR nucleases used in research and therapy. Based on the phenomena obtained from various in vitro and cell experiments, combining molecular dynamics simulation and bio - layer interferometry (BLI) analysis, here we report a naturally occurring small-molecule {beta}-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), the first known endogenous metabolite with broad-spectrum inhibitory activity against multiple CRISPR-associated proteins (Cas9, Cas12, and Cas13) through various mechanisms. Our findings establish NMN as a dual-purpose tool, which reduces cell damage caused by gene editing and mitigates risks of unintended genetic modifications in research and clinical settings. This discovery further shortens the distance between basic medicine and translational medicine, providing a new approach for developing endogenous regulatory molecules in genome engineering.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wei, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fa, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.22.685598</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[β-Nicotinamide mononucleotide: a novel broad-spectrum CRISPR inhibitor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.25.690617v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NanoporeDB: A Structural Resource Of Multimeric Protein Nanopores In Single-Molecule Sensing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.25.690617v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein nanopores are essential molecular gateways in biology and have inspired transformative technologies in biosensing and single-molecule sequencing. While this technology has transformed genomics and biosensing, the discovery of novel nanopore scaffolds remains limited due to the scarcity of experimentally resolved pore structures. Here, we present NanoporeDB, an open-access structural resource comprising over 6,600 high-confidence multimeric models across four representative pore types. Candidate proteins were systematically mined from large-scale datasets, including the AlphaFold Protein Structure Database, UniRef90, and MGnify90, and assembled using AlphaFold-Multimer and AlphaFold3. We performed membrane embedding, pore axis annotation, and constriction profiling to enable functional interpretation. NanoporeDB features an interactive web interface with 3D visualization and quantitative metrics such as insertion depth, tilt angle, and pore geometry. This resource provides a structural foundation for advancing nanopore-based molecular sensing, precision diagnostics, and synthetic biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.25.690617</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NanoporeDB: A Structural Resource Of Multimeric Protein Nanopores In Single-Molecule Sensing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.07.692810v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Normative modeling of brain morphology reveals neuroanatomical heterogeneity and biological subtypes in major depressive disorder 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.07.692810v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BACKGROUNDMajor Depressive Disorder (MDD) is characterized by high neurobiological heterogeneity, which hinders precise diagnosis and treatment. Traditional group-level neuroimaging analyses fail to capture individual differences, while normative modeling offer a promising approach to quantify individual deviations from healthy brain structure patterns, facilitating the identification of biological subtypes and offering a data-driven framework to dissect this heterogeneity.

METHODSUsing 1,190 healthy controls, we constructed normative developmental trajectories of gray matter volume (GMV) across 246 Brainnetome-defined regions using Bayesian linear regression. Deviation maps were derived for 398 MDD patients. k-means clustering was employed to identify GMV-based biotypes. Then, the clinical characteristics and anatomical differences among these subtypes were explored, along with the post-treatment clinical features and treatment responses of participants who completed the 8-week antidepressant treatment within each subtype.

RESULTSPatients with MDD exhibited widespread yet individually variable GMV deviations. Clustering analysis revealed two subtypes: Subtype 1 displayed predominantly negative deviations in sensorimotor and occipital cortices, whereas Subtype 2 showed widespread positive deviations in temporal and posterior cingulate regions. Subtype 1 had higher extraversion and symptom-linked deviation patterns; in Subtype 2, deviation burden correlated with generalized anxiety. Longitudinally, Subtype 1s GMV deviation changes predicted symptom improvement, while Subtype 2s deviations correlated with baseline severity.

CONCLUSIONSNormative modeling of GMV reveals marked neuroanatomical heterogeneity in MDD and identifies subtypes with distinct clinical and treatment-related characteristics, laying a foundation for precision psychiatry and individualized interventions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fan, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.07.692810</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Normative modeling of brain morphology reveals neuroanatomical heterogeneity and biological subtypes in major depressive disorder]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.18.695127v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A division-associated envelope protein, MAB_2363, drives intrinsic resistance and virulence in Mycobacterium abscessus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.18.695127v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mycobacterium abscessus exhibits intrinsic resistance to conventional antibiotics, significantly limiting treatment options. Our previous studies established that MAB_2362 (SteA) is a key regulator of cell division that contributes to intrinsic resistance and virulence. Considering that SteA-like proteins often act alongside SteB counterparts, we hypothesized that the adjacent gene MAB_2363 encodes the corresponding SteB-like division regulator. In this study, we found that deletion of MAB_2363 significantly increased susceptibility to multiple antibiotics and disrupted cell wall permeability. Microscopy revealed striking cell division defects in the mutant, including elongated cell morphology and multiple septa. Subcellular localization of a GFP-MAB_2363 fusion protein demonstrated its enrichment at division septa, confirming its direct involvement in cell division. Deletion of MAB_2363 resulted in attenuated virulence, as evidenced by reduced bacterial survival in macrophages and murine infection models. To assess its functional relation with MAB_2362, we compared the single-deletion mutant of MAB_2363 with the single-deletion mutant of MAB_2362 and the double-deletion mutant of MAB_2362-MAB_2363. Notably, the phenotypes of the MAB_2363 mutant, including cell division defects, antibiotic susceptibility, and virulence, were markedly milder than those of the other two mutants. Collectively, these findings indicate that MAB_2363 functions as a secondary but essential division-associated factor that operates during cell division, thereby influencing intrinsic resistance and virulence in M. abscessus.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alam, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hameed, H. M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yusuf, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>BELACHEW, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malik, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ju, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.18.695127</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A division-associated envelope protein, MAB_2363, drives intrinsic resistance and virulence in Mycobacterium abscessus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.18.695305v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ultrahigh-Throughput Forster Resonance Energy Transfer-Activated Droplet Sorting for Terminator Polymerase Engineering 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.18.695305v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Droplet microfluidic screening systems enable high-throughput, labor-saving enzyme directed evolution by employing fluorescence, absorbance, and Raman-activated sorting strategies for library screening. Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) - a nanoscale technique for monitoring intramolecular/intermolecular conformational changes - is yet to be integrated into this process. We upgraded a single-channel sorter to a dual-channel one without redesigning the microscopy setup, which can monitor FRET signals during enzyme reactions in droplets at kilohertz rates. We applied this upgraded sorter to improve the incorporation efficiency of KOD DNA polymerase towards reversible terminator deoxyribonucleotides, a property crucial for its application in next-generation sequencing (NGS). Our data show that a single-round sorting can achieve 30-fold enrichment of active variants. Five KOD variants enabling 100-cycle single-end runs of DNA sequencing were identified using a novel cyclic reversible termination (CRT) substrate featuring a terminator group {approx} 5-fold bulkier than the classical azidomethyl moiety. We also engineered a metagenome-derived novel polymerase, and a variant achieving 90% terminator incorporation efficiency within 2 minutes was identified after two rounds of enrichment. In sum, we provide a practical setup for dual-channel FRET-based droplet sorting, and demonstrate its ability in terminator polymerases engineering, thereby broaden the scope of microfluidic applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teng, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.18.695305</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ultrahigh-Throughput Forster Resonance Energy Transfer-Activated Droplet Sorting for Terminator Polymerase Engineering]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.19.695438v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
tBid mediated genetic ablation of connective tissue cells reveal their key regulatory function during limb regeneration in axolotls 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.19.695438v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Limb regeneration in adulthood is a fascinating phenomenon unique to salamanders, requiring precise coordination and interaction of various cell types. Connective tissue (CT) constitutes a major component of the limb and serves as the primary reservoir of positional information during regeneration. However, the direct evidence and the extent of CT in positional contribution remain limited. Here we develop an inducible Cre-LoxP-mediated tBid cell ablation system in axolotls and demonstrate efficient elimination of targeted muscle tissue and muscle stem cells through transient electroporation or genetic approach. Ablation of CT cells at early stages of regeneration results in delayed regeneration and loss of proximal limb segments (e.g., upper and lower limb), with minimal impact on hand differentiation. CT ablation during development yields similar defects as observed during regeneration, indicating an essential role for CT cells in determining the positional identity of developing and regenerating limb structures. Further scRNA-seq reveal a progressive proximal-to-distal transition among CT cells and identify distinct CT subtypes that contribute to proximal and distal segments. CT ablation results in reduction of the differentiated CT1--a subpopulation that maintains proximal identity throughout regeneration, and a delay of distal transformation in the proliferative CT1--a major CT subtypes showing progenitor property. These cellular shifts likely lead to the observed morphological deficits in regenerating limbs after CT ablation. Moreover, differentiated CT1 cells enhanced their interactions with surrounding cell types after CT ablation, to modulate adaptive proliferation in other populations, e.g., muscle stem cells. Our work establishes a tBid-based ablation strategy for functional studies of CT and other cell types in axolotls, and provides direct evidence demonstrating pivotal roles of CT cells in guiding positional memory and segmental patterning during organ regeneration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fei, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.19.695438</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[tBid mediated genetic ablation of connective tissue cells reveal their key regulatory function during limb regeneration in axolotls]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.19.695639v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
LDscore: a scalable, Python 3-powered web platform for LD score regression analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.19.695639v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) is an important analytical tool for quantifying heritability and estimating genetic correlations between complex traits. However, the LDSC original implementation relies on an outdated Python 2 framework and deploying the standard command-line tools requires significant setup, data access, and computational expertise, creating a barrier for many researchers. To overcome these limitations, we developed LDscore, a significant technical and accessibility upgraded version of LDSC that allows for rapid analysis of GWAS data. The core advancement is the recoding of the LDSC framework in Python 3, enabling computational optimization and ensuring long-term sustainability. Built on top of this improved foundation, LDscore is implemented as a free, publicly available web application integrated within the popular NCI LDlink framework. LDscore can accelerate scientific research by providing an intuitive graphical interface for heritability estimation, genetic correlation, and LD score calculation, including access to an expanded range of reference populations for online analysis. Notably, our results show that selecting the most appropriate reference population LD panel, even at the subcontinental ancestry group level, is essential for minimizing population stratification bias in heritability estimation. By leveraging cloud computing for superior scalability and eliminating the need for local installation, LDscore adheres to FAIR principles, improving access, traceability, and reproducibility across an expanded set of reference populations, and effectively widens access to researchers worldwide providing support for in-depth genetic analyses.

Brief summaryLinkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC), a widely-used method for quantifying heritability and genetic correlation, is limited by an outdated Python 2 framework and complex command-line deployment. We developed LDscore, a significant technical upgrade built on Python 3 for sustainability and computational optimization. LDscore is a free, cloud-based web application integrated into NCI LDlink. LDscore eliminates installation barriers, offering an intuitive interface for computing heritability estimates, LD scores, and genetic correlation. Crucially, LDscore expands the range of reference populations available in LDSC, which can reduce population-stratification-based bias. Leveraging cloud computing, LDscore accelerates and widens global researcher access to LDSC-based genetic computation.

AvailabilityLDscore is freely available within LDlink at https://ldlink.nih.gov/ldscore. Source code for the updated LDSC Python3 framework is available at https://github.com/CBIIT/ldsc under the GNU General Public License v3.0 and the webtool code is at https://github.com/CBIIT/nci-webtools-dceg-linkage (webtool code) under the MIT license.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Breeze, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanigicherla, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lan, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rothman, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teschendorff, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franceschini, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berndt, S. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Machiela, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.19.695639</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[LDscore: a scalable, Python 3-powered web platform for LD score regression analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.22.696117v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural Mechanism of Specific Nucleobase Recognition by a Monoclonal Antibody in CoolMPSTM Sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.22.696117v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Massively parallel sequencing (MPS) has revolutionized genomics, yet traditional methods utilizing fluorescently labeled nucleotides suffer from "scarring" effects that limit read accuracy. The CoolMPS technology overcomes this by using unlabeled reversible terminators (RTs) with a 3-O-azidomethyl blocking group, detected by highly specific fluorescent antibodies. However, the atomic-level mechanism by which these antibodies discriminate between modified and natural nucleotides within a DNA strand remains unclear. Here, we report the crystal structures of the "A-fab" antibody fragment in complex with the monomeric antigen 3-O-azidomethyl-dATP (dATP-N3) at 2.50 [A] resolution, and with an one strand of the duplex carries an azide-modified deoxyadenosine nucleotide at its 3' terminus (dsDNA-dATP-N3) at 1.99 [A] resolution. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) revealed that A-fab binds dATP-N3 with nanomolar affinity (KD{approx}17.14 nM), while binding to natural dATP is negligible (KD{approx}7.51{micro}M), representing a [~]440-fold specificity. Structural analysis reveals a conserved hydrophobic pocket formed by CDR residues (e.g., Trp79, Tyr53, Leu67) that specifically accommodates the 3-azidomethyl group. This interaction is critical for affinity and is maintained in the dsDNA-ATP-N3 complex, validating the antibodys function in a sequencing context. These findings provide the structural rationale for the high fidelity of the CoolMPS platform.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.22.696117</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural Mechanism of Specific Nucleobase Recognition by a Monoclonal Antibody in CoolMPSTM Sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.25.696546v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural Insights into Single-Stranded DNA Recognition and Modified Substrate Tolerance in an Engineered Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.25.696546v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) is the cornerstone enzyme for de novo enzymatic DNA synthesis (EDS), promising to overcome the length and sustainability limitations of traditional phosphoramidite chemistry. We previously identified a highly active TdT ortholog from Zonotrichia albicollis (ZaTdT) and engineered a variant (R335L/K337G) capable of efficiently incorporating 3-aminooxy (3-ONH2) reversible terminators. However, the atomic-level mechanism by which these engineered mutations alter substrate specificity has remained elusive. Here, we present the high-resolution (2.20 [A]) crystal structure of the engineered ZaTdT in complex with a single-stranded DNA primer. Structural analysis reveals a conserved catalytic core anchored by a hydrophobic platform (Phe110/Phe257/Trp308) that stabilizes the primer. Crucially, comparative modeling with the homologous murine TdT ternary complex demonstrates that the engineered mutations (corresponding to L190/G192 in the crystal structure) disrupt a rigid salt-bridge network at the active site entrance. This electrostatic remodeling not only reduces local positive charge but also expands the catalytic pocket depth from 3.8 [A] to 5.8 [A]. This specific spatial expansion provides the structural rationale for the accommodation of bulky 3-blocking groups, validating our rational design strategy and paving the way for next-generation long-read DNA synthesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.25.696546</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural Insights into Single-Stranded DNA Recognition and Modified Substrate Tolerance in an Engineered Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.05.697817v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ultra-fast genetic recovery of dead fish through cross-family germline stem cell transplantation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.05.697817v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AbstactThe conservation of genetic resources from aquaculture species and endangered fish is increasingly challenged by large body size, long reproductive cycles, and limited opportunities for timely intervention after death. Here, we establish and validate an ultra-fast genetic platform based on germline stem cell transplantation to enable postmortem genetic recovery in fish. Using grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) as a representative warm-water species, we systematically quantified the relationships among postmortem tissue freshness, germline stem cell viability, and transplantation efficiency, and demonstrated that low-temperature preservation plays a decisive role in maintaining germline activity after death. Germline stem cells isolated from deceased grass carp were transplanted into germ-cell-depleted zebrafish recipients, where they rapidly colonized recipient gonads, underwent proliferation and differentiation, and generated functional donor-derived gametes within three months. These gametes supported successful fertilization and normal embryonic development, ultimately yielding viable grass carp offspring. Our results reveal an intrinsic postmortem resilience of germline stem cells and demonstrate that cross-species transplantation into small, fast-maturing hosts can dramatically accelerate genetic recovery. This strategy overcomes key biological and logistical constraints associated with conventional breeding-based rescue approaches and provides a rapid, scalable, and broadly applicable framework for postmortem genetic resource conservation in aquaculture and endangered fish species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.05.697817</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ultra-fast genetic recovery of dead fish through cross-family germline stem cell transplantation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.08.698283v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TSTScope Unifies Single-Cell Multi-Omics to Identify Functional T Cell States Predictive of Immunotherapy Response 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.08.698283v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) can produce durable responses in cancer, but reliable predictors of benefit are still lacking. CD8 tumor-specific T cells are essential for ICB efficacy, yet it remains unclear which functional states of these cells determine therapeutic success. To address this, we developed TSTScope, an interpretable deep learning framework that integrates single-cell transcriptomic and T-cell receptor sequencing data to generate unified representations of CD8 T-cell identity. By applying TSTScope to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) datasets, we characterized the gene programs defining tumor specificity and computationally inferred a population of potential TSTs. Crucially, we demonstrate that clinical response is not a product of TST abundance, but is instead governed by their functional state. We derived the MPR score, a metric capturing this functional potential, which proved to be a robust predictor of treatment outcomes. In an independent validation cohort, the MPR score significantly outperformed established biomarkers. Collectively, TSTScope identifies a distinct functional state of tumor-specific T cells as a primary determinant of ICB efficacy, providing both a mechanistic framework and a potent tool for precision immunotherapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.08.698283</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TSTScope Unifies Single-Cell Multi-Omics to Identify Functional T Cell States Predictive of Immunotherapy Response]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.08.698333v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
resolveS: An ultra-fast, memory-efficient and reference-free tool for RNA-seq Strandedness Detection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.08.698333v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accurate specification of RNA-seq library strandedness is essential for read counting, transcript assembly and antisense transcription analysis, yet this information is frequently missing from public metadata. We present resolveS, a fast and lightweight method that infers strandedness from alignments to a compact universal rRNA database, avoiding the need for organism-specific reference genomes and annotations. Across benchmark datasets, resolveS provides robust strandedness calls while maintaining very low runtime and memory usage, making it suitable for both routine quality control and large-scale reanalysis of public RNA-seq data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.08.698333</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[resolveS: An ultra-fast, memory-efficient and reference-free tool for RNA-seq Strandedness Detection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.08.697612v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
AutoPELSA: an automated sample preparation system for proteome-wide identification of target proteins of diverse ligands 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.08.697612v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein-ligand interactions are fundamental to cellular function and drug discovery, and ligand-modification-free strategies have emerged as powerful tools for proteome-wide interrogation of these interactions. Among these, the peptide-centric local stability assay (PELSA) stands out for its high sensitivity. It uses a single digestion step to detect ligand-induced local stability shifts, enabling precise binding region localization and affinity estimation. However, manual PELSA workflows suffer from multiple labor-intensive steps that introduce variability and constrain throughput, limiting large-scale applications. To address these limitations, we developed AutoPELSA, an automated platform that streamlines the PELSA workflow including the limited proteolysis step and the following peptide separation step. AutoPELSA completes 96 samples in [~]4 h, enabling high-throughput analysis under native conditions. AutoPELSA reliably detected targets of both strong-affinity ligands (e.g., staurosporine, identifying 114 kinase targets) and low-affinity ligands, including -ketoglutarate (30 known targets). Furthermore, a mixed-ligand dose-response strategy enabled simultaneous determination of binding affinities for multiple ligand-protein interaction regions in a single experiment. Overall, AutoPELSA provides a scalable and modification-free platform for proteome-wide identification and affinity profiling of ligand-protein interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xue, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.08.697612</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[AutoPELSA: an automated sample preparation system for proteome-wide identification of target proteins of diverse ligands]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.08.698426v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unifying constraints linking protein folding and native dynamics decoded from AlphaFold 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.08.698426v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The interplay between protein folding and native dynamics remains a central question in biophysics. Analyzing an extensive set of AlphaFold-predicted structures, we uncover a robust relationship between folding topology (contact order) and native dynamics (fluctuation entropy), showing that long-range contacts that slow folding also restrict conformational flexibility across protein sizes and taxonomic groups. Scaling analysis reveals that this relationship, together with its chain-length dependence, is consistent with power-law-like trends, reflecting common organizing constraints of protein architecture. Across species, increasing organismal complexity is associated with proteome-wide shifts toward lower contact order and higher fluctuation entropy. Together, evidence from folding, stability, and functional dynamics converges on unifying constraints, revealing an intrinsic physical organizing principle captured by AI models.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, Q.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.08.698426</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unifying constraints linking protein folding and native dynamics decoded from AlphaFold]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.14.699420v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Automating the Construction of Contextualized Biomedical Knowledge Graphs for Scientific Inference 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.14.699420v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biomedical interactions are inherently dynamic, often shifting or even reversing under specific physiological states. However, existing extraction methods simplify these complex mechanisms into context-agnostic binary associations, resulting in semantic loss and contradictory evidence. Here, we present AutoBioKG, an end-to-end framework that constructs context-aware knowledge graphs by leveraging composite triplets to encode environmental conditions and entity attributes alongside core relationships. Powered by a self-evolving open information extraction model trained solely on our curated BioOpenIE dataset, the framework refines its generalization capabilities. Notably, AutoBioKG surpasses state-of-the-art large language models in zero-shot settings, achieving F1 score improvements ranging from 18.5% to 20.7% across three benchmarks (DDI, ChemProt, and BioRED). Furthermore, AutoBioKG-derived graphs significantly outperform existing approaches in the BioASQ biomedical question-answering task, particularly for complex queries requiring fine-grained contextual information. AutoBioKG offers a scalable and accessible solution for transforming unstructured literature into actionable biomedical knowledge.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.14.699420</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Automating the Construction of Contextualized Biomedical Knowledge Graphs for Scientific Inference]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.14.699460v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The overall and sequence-specific degradation of soil extracellular 16S rRNA genes across China: rates and influential factors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.14.699460v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While extracellular DNA persistence substantially influences soil microbiome investigations, its degradation kinetics remain poorly quantified. Here, we developed a primer-labeled DNA approach coupled with microcosm incubation to determine the overall and sequence-specific degradation rates of extracellular 16S rRNA genes across China. We observed substantial variations in the overall degradation rates of extracellular 16S rRNA genes among the study sites, with degradation rate constants ranging from 0.05 to 0.16 day-1. The overall degradation rate constants showed significant correlations with soil moisture content, prokaryotic abundance, prokaryotic community profiles, and mean annual precipitation (MAP). The significant influences of moisture contents on the overall degradation rates were further verified by a moisture gradient microcosm experiment. The sequence-specific degradation rate constants were additionally correlated with pH, nitrogen content, and mean annual temperature (MAT). Furthermore, removing extracellular DNA significantly altered soil prokaryotic abundance, richness, and prokaryotic community profiles, and the sizes of sequence-specific extracellular 16S rRNA gene pools significant correlated with their respective degradation rates. This study developed a methodology for determining the overall and sequence-specific degradation rates of extracellular 16S rRNA genes, highlighting the profound influences of extracellular DNA on soil microbial research and informing the optimization of environmental DNA technologies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Che, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.14.699460</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The overall and sequence-specific degradation of soil extracellular 16S rRNA genes across China: rates and influential factors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.20.700699v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CTLA-4 inhibitors drive colitis through metabolic reprogramming-mediated Treg/Th17 imbalance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.20.700699v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), especially CTLA-4 inhibitors (CTLA-4), exhibit a high incidence of colitis as an immune-related adverse event (irAE) during cancer treatment, severely limiting patient benefit. Clinically, both treatment interruption and existing intervention drugs for ICI-mediated colitis may compromise antitumor efficacy. However, there is inadequate research on the pathogenesis of ICI-mediated colitis, with findings often conflicting. Here, we first established multiple clinically relevant animal models, including an immuno-humanized ICI-mediated colitis model. Through time-series transcriptomics, we discovered that CTLA-4-induced colonic toxicity exhibits characteristics ranging from early metabolic reprogramming represented by glycolysis to later immune disorders represented by Th17 responses. By targeting colonic CTLA-4+ T cells, CTLA-4 blocked CD80/CD86-CTLA-4 interaction, thereby activating the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. Subsequently, mTOR mediated metabolic reprogramming in T cells, shifting them from Treg-biased oxidative phosphorylation to Th17-biased glycolysis. The colonic toxicity of CTLA-4 has also been demonstrated to depend on the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway, glycolysis, and Th17 responses. Notably, metformin significantly relieved ICI-mediated colitis by inhibiting mTOR without impeding antitumor efficacy. Collectively, these findings highlighted the metabolic-immune axis in the colonic toxicity of ICI and provided a clinically superior intervention strategy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.20.700699</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CTLA-4 inhibitors drive colitis through metabolic reprogramming-mediated Treg/Th17 imbalance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.22.701072v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Disrupted TRiC allostery and conformational equilibrium by LCA-linked mutations: structural and functional insights 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.22.701072v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The eukaryotic chaperonin TRiC/CCT is essential for proteostatis, yet the molecular basis of its subunit-specific pathologies remains poorly understood. Here, we elucidate the molecular mechanism of Leber Congenital Amaurosis (LCA), a severe hereditary retinal dystrophy arised from mutations in the CCT2 subunit of TRiC. By integrating cryo-electron microscopy, biochemistry, and proteomics, we demonstrate that LCA-associated mutations (T400P and R516H in CCT2) disrupt TRiCs critical intra-molecular and intra-ring allosteric network and impair its functional cycle, drastically reducing the population of the folding-active closed state. Unexpectedly, we captured a fully folded endogenous -tubulin within the mutant TRiC chamber, revealing a unique CCT8 C-terminal tail involved folding pathway, distinct from {beta}-tubulin. Furthermore, cellular proteomics revealed that TRiC dysfunction causes a specific downregulation of essential SLC membrane transporters. We propose that the loss of these transporters is likely catastrophic for metabolically demanding tissues like the retina and developing embryo. Our work provides a direct mechanistic link between TRiC structural defects and LCA pathology, offering a new framework for understanding etiology of chaperonopathies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.22.701072</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Disrupted TRiC allostery and conformational equilibrium by LCA-linked mutations: structural and functional insights]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.28.702256v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Endothelial MRG15 Is a Mechanosensitive Suppressor of Atherosclerosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.28.702256v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Disturbed blood flow induces early endothelial inflammation in atherosclerosis, yet the precise mechanisms of endothelial sensing of disturbed flow remain incompletely understood. In this study, we integrated proteomic profiling of human endothelial cells (ECs) subjected to disturbed flow with coronary artery disease risk related genes from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS). We identified mortality factor 4-like protein 1 (MORF4L1, also called MRG15) as a critical modulator in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis induced by disturbed flow. We show that the expression of MRG15 is markedly reduced in ECs of human aortic atherosclerotic plaques, as well as in ECs exposed to disturbed flow in mouse carotid artery and in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Endothelial-specific deletion of Mrg15 significantly worsened, while its overexpression attenuated endothelial inflammation and atherosclerotic lesions in turbulent blood flow- or Western diet-induced mouse atherosclerosis model. Single-cell transcriptomics showed that Mrg15 deficiency increased endothelial inflammation and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (Icam1) expression, and enhanced integrin-mediated adhesion pathways. Mechanistically, MRG15 facilitated the recruitment of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) to maintain repressive histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) marks on the promoters of ICAM1 and integrin subunit alpha 5 (ITGA5). Disturbed blood flow rapidly led to an elevation of protein neddylation, which subsequently induced neddylation-dependent degradation of MRG15 within endothelial cells. This degradation of MRG15 alleviated the transcriptional repression of ICAM1 and ITGA5, thereby enhancing monocyte adhesion to ECs. These findings highlight endothelial MRG15 as a mechanosensitive suppressor of atherosclerosis induced by disturbed flow. Consequently, MRG15 emerges as a promising novel therapeutic target for atherosclerosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhi, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shyy, J. Y.- J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osto, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.28.702256</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Endothelial MRG15 Is a Mechanosensitive Suppressor of Atherosclerosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.29.702607v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Analysis of the assembly, stabilization and maturation of the multiphasic TAZ biomolecular condensates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.29.702607v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phase separation is an important mechanism ensuring efficient regulation and function in Hippo signaling. Particularly, phase separation of nuclear TAZ has been demonstrated to be essential for its activity. However, the mechanisms of TAZ condensate assembly and maturation are yet undefined. Here we explored these mechanisms using FRAP with two laser beam sizes complemented by microscopy and cell biology approaches. We show that TAZ condensates are multiphasic, with a more stable core and labile periphery. TAZ initially forms small nascent clusters, likely via self-nucleation through the CC domain. These gradually mature into larger condensates through interaction with additional proteins via the WW domain. The condensates are further stabilized/activated by interaction with transcription factors and complexes including TEAD4 and P-TEFb. Of note, the ability of TAZ to form mature condensates is essential for its activities in cellular morphogenesis and tumorigenesis. Our study presents detailed mechanistic analysis of TAZ phase separation, revealing a highly dynamic nature of TAZ condensate maturation and activation.

TeaserTAZ condensates grow from nascent clusters into mature condensates by interactions with transcription factors and complexes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shapira, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grig, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jing, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolfenson, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henis, Y. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.29.702607</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Analysis of the assembly, stabilization and maturation of the multiphasic TAZ biomolecular condensates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.30.702757v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ultra-flexible PINE arrays for month-long, continuous intracellular ion flux monitoring in plants with nanomolar accuracy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.30.702757v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
High-precision in vivo monitoring of ion fluxes is essential yet challenging for the study of plant electrophysiology, including growth regulation, signal transduction and stress responses. Existing methods for probing ion dynamics are limited by low sensitivity, high invasiveness that interferes physiological processes, and the inability to accurately resolve intracellular ion homeostasis with sufficient spatial and temporal resolution. Here, we introduce plant intracellular nanoelectrode (PINE) arrays manufactured on 1-m-thick polymer substrates, which enable ultrasensitive and selective measurement of ionic current via scalable nanofabrication techniques. The fabricated PINE arrays possess dimensions smaller than those of typical plant cells and possess reduced mechanical stiffness, facilitating minimally invasive integration with living plant cells. This subcellular-scale plant-electronic interface allows for reliable, selective intracellular detection of K+ flux with a detection limit as low as [~]10-8 M. We demonstrate continuous, stable monitoring in tomato stem cells over six weeks, accurately capturing dynamic potassium fluctuations throughout all key growth stages. The proposed approach supports long-term, real-time tracking of ion-specific intracellular dynamics without disrupting plant cellular structures or altering endogenous ion concentrations. By providing unprecedented access to intracellular ion homeostasis and signaling networks, PINE represents a powerful platform for advancing precision agriculture and enabling future digital plant engineering.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsang, W.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.30.702757</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ultra-flexible PINE arrays for month-long, continuous intracellular ion flux monitoring in plants with nanomolar accuracy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.02.703207v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SPCoral: diagonal integration of spatial multi-omics across diverse modalities and technologies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.02.703207v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spatial multi-omics is indispensable for decoding the comprehensive molecular landscape of biological systems. However, the integration of multi-omics remains largely unresolved due to inherent disparities in molecular features, spatial morphology, and resolution. Here we developed SPCoral for diagonal integration of spatial multiomics across adjacent slices. SPCoral extracts spatial covariation patterns via graph attention networks, followed by the use of optimal transport to identify high-confidence anchors in an unsupervised, feature-independent manner. SPCoral utilizes a crossmodality attention network to enable seamless cross-resolution feature integration alongside robust cross-omics prediction. Comprehensive benchmarking demonstrates SPCorals superior performance across different technologies, modalities and varied resolutions. The integrated multi-omics representation further improves spatial domain identification, effectively augments experimental data, enables cross-modal association analysis, and facilitates cell-cell communication. SPCoral exhibits good scalability with data size, reveals biological insights that are not attainable using a single modality. In summary, SPCoral offers a powerful framework for spatial multi-omics integration across various technologies and biological scenarios.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lv, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esteban, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hui, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.02.703207</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SPCoral: diagonal integration of spatial multi-omics across diverse modalities and technologies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.03.703410v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The genetic repertoire of the deep sea: from sequence to structure and function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.03.703410v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The deep sea as the largest and maybe most hostile environment on Earth is still underexplored especially regarding its genetic repertoire. Yet, previous work has revealed significant habitat-specific deep-sea biodiversity. Here, we present an integrated deep-sea genetic dataset comprising 502 million nonredundant genes from 2,138 samples and 2.4 million predicted structures, and used it to link specific protein structures with genetic variants associated with life in the deep sea and to assess their biotechnology potential. Combining global sequence analysis with biophysical and biochemical measurements revealed unprecedented sequence diversity, yet substantial structural conservation of proteins. Especially proteins involved in replication, recombination, and repair were identified to be under rapid evolution and with specialized properties. Among these, a structurally divergent helicase exhibited advantages in controlling nanopore sequencing speed. Thus, our work positions the deep sea as a unique evolutionary engine that generates and hosts genetic diversity and bridges genetic knowledge with biotechnology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seim, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mock, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.03.703410</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The genetic repertoire of the deep sea: from sequence to structure and function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.03.703669v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Decomposing multi-scale dynamic regulation from single-cell multiomics with scMagnify 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.03.703669v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Deciphering the highly coupled regulatory circuits that drive cellular dynamics remains a fundamental goal in biology. However, capturing the multi-scale time-lagged dynamics and combinatorial regulatory logic of gene regulation remains computationally challenging. Here we present scMagnify, a deep-learning-based framework that leverages multiomic single-cell assays of chromatin accessibility and gene expression via nonlinear Granger causality to reconstruct and decompose multi-scale gene regulatory networks (GRNs). Benchmarking on both simulated and real datasets demonstrates that scMagnify achieves superior performance. scMagnify employs tensor decomposition to systematically identify combinatorial TF modules and their activation profiles across different time-lags. It enables a hierarchical dissection of the regulatory landscape-- from the activity of individual regulator to the combinatorial logic of regulatory modules and intercellular communications. We applied scMagnify to human hematopoiesis and mouse pancreas development, where it successfully recovered known lineage-driving regulators and provided novel insights into the combinatorial logic that governs cell fate decisions. Furthermore, in the context of kidney injury, scMagnifys intracellular communication module mapped key signaling-to-transcription cascades linking microenvironment cues to pathological epithelial cell changes. In summary, scMagnify provides a powerful and versatile computational framework for dissecting the multi-scale regulatory logic that governs complex biological processes in development and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.03.703669</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Decomposing multi-scale dynamic regulation from single-cell multiomics with scMagnify]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.04.703688v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Circadian-Modulated Thresholds as a Mechanistic Basis for Sleep-Wake Transitions, Recovery, and Sleepiness 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.04.703688v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human sleep-wake cycles arise from the interplay between homeostatic sleep pressure and circadian rhythms, yet the underlying mechanistic basis by which these drives jointly govern state transitions, recovery from sleep loss, and subjective sleepiness remains unclear. Here, we use the extended Phillips-Robinson model incorporating circadian excitation of orexin and locus coeruleus populations, yielding analytically tractable, circadian-modulated thresholds for sleep onset and awakening, and delineating the roles of circadian and homeostatic drives. We show that homeostatic feedback alone generates intrinsic sleep-wake oscillations via a saddle-node on invariant circle bifurcation, while circadian drive reshapes the stability landscape to account for immediate sleep onset and partial first-night recovery after prolonged deprivation, and enables analytic predictions of sleep timing and duration. We further define sleepiness as the distance between the homeostatic state and the active circadian sleep threshold, which robustly predicts subjective sleepiness across various deprivation, restriction, extension, and recovery protocols. Together, these results establish circadian-modulated thresholds as a unifying dynamical principle linking sleep-wake transitions, recovery dynamics, and sleepiness, with implications for circadian misalignment, shift work, and individualized sleep interventions.

Author summarySleep and wakefulness arise from the interaction between circadian timing and the gradual accumulation and dissipation of sleep pressure. Although existing computational models have advanced understanding of these processes, most rely on fixed or heuristic rules for switching between sleep and wake states, limiting their ability to explain behavior under sleep deprivation, extension, or restriction. Here, we present a mechanistic description of state switching in which circadian and homeostatic influences act as separable but interacting control dimensions, providing a framework for how circadian modulation shapes state stability, recovery sleep, and subjective sleepiness, without invoking separate mechanisms for normal and perturbed conditions. By recasting sleep regulation in terms of state-dependent dynamical boundaries, our results offer a unified perspective on sleep timing, duration, recovery, and vulnerability to fatigue. This work provides a more physiologically grounded foundation for sleep-wake modeling and a principled basis for understanding circadian misalignment, shift work, jet lag, and other real-world challenges to sleep health.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shuai, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.04.703688</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Circadian-Modulated Thresholds as a Mechanistic Basis for Sleep-Wake Transitions, Recovery, and Sleepiness]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.08.704650v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification and characterization of ethR and ethA genes impacting the sensitivity of Mycobacterium abscessus to ethionamide 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.08.704650v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mycobacterium abscessus is a rapidly growing non-tuberculous mycobacterium with rising global incidence. This pathogen exhibits intrinsic resistance to most antibiotics, presenting a major public health threat. Ethionamide (ETH) requires bioactivation by monooxygenase EthA to form the active ETH-NAD adduct. We previously identified MAB_3513 (NudC) as a phosphohydrolase that confers intrinsic resistance to M. abscessus by hydrolyzing this adduct. However, deletion of nudC results in only partial susceptibility to ETH, indicating the existence of additional resistance mechanisms. This study identified MAB_0984 as the EthR regulator in M. abscessus. Deletion of ethR in a nudC knockout background ({Delta}{Delta}ethR) significantly enhanced ETH-NAD adduct accumulation, leading to hypersusceptibility to ETH. Notably, the {Delta}ethR mutant exhibited higher susceptibility than {Delta}nudC, demonstrating that EthR is a more dominant mediator of ETH resistance than NudC. Furthermore, MAB_0985 (EthA1) and MAB_0103 (EthA2) were identified as the primary EthAs in M. abscessus. Deletion of either gene alone or in combination in the {Delta}nudC reduced adduct formation and increased resistance, while the triple mutant {Delta}{Delta}ethA1{Delta}ethA2 restored wild-type resistance. Using an intergenic region-eGFP reporter system and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, we demonstrated that EthR confers resistance by specifically suppressing ethA1 expression in M. abscessus. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis EthR inhibitor BDM31343 could boost the efficacy of ETH against M. abscessus by inhibiting EthR. Collectively, this study identified the ethR and ethA genes in M. abscessus for the first time and elucidated their role in mediating resistance to ETH. Therefore, EthR is a promising target for potentiating the efficacy of ETH against M. abscessus.

Impact statementMycobacterium abscessus constitutes an escalating global health threat, primarily due to its intrinsic resistance to most antibiotics. This study identifies MAB_0984 (EthR) as a dominant resistance determinant that exerts a more profound impact on ETH susceptibility than the previously characterized NudC. We demonstrate that EthR mediates resistance by specifically repressing the expression of EthA1 (MAB_0985), one of the primary monooxygenases responsible for ETH bioactivation. The EthRMtb inhibitor BDM31343 potentiated the activity of ETH against M. abscessus through inhibition of the EthR. These findings elucidated the mechanism of ETH resistance in M. abscessus, identifying EthR as a promising target for boosting the efficacy of ETH against M. abscessus.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hameed, H. M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>BELACHEW, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McNeil, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.08.704650</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification and characterization of ethR and ethA genes impacting the sensitivity of Mycobacterium abscessus to ethionamide]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.13.705682v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metabolism-driven, high-efficiency mining of ethanol-tolerant microorganisms from pit mud microbiota using Raman flow cytometry 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.13.705682v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The discovery of stress-tolerant microorganisms from complex microbiomes is frequently constrained by low screening throughput and the inability of culture-based approaches to access single-cell functional phenotypes, particularly for rare but highly resilient taxa. Here, we establish a metabolism-driven screen-before-culture strategy by integrating D2O-labelled single-cell Raman spectroscopy (SCRS) with Raman-activated cell sorting (RACS) to directly target ethanol-tolerant cells based on metabolic vitality. By quantifying carbon-deuterium (C-D) incorporation as a single-cell readout of de novo anabolic activity under ethanol stress, this platform enabled culture-independent enrichment of a rare, high-vitality subpopulation ([~]0.2% abundance) from pit mud microbiomes at a sorting throughput of [~]2,400 cells per hour. Using this approach, six highly ethanol-tolerant strains were successfully isolated, whereas parallel conventional culture-first screening of the same samples yielded predominantly low-tolerance isolates, with an overall screening efficiency of only 22.22%. Rapid single-cell ethanol tolerance assessment based on SCRS, completed within 7 h, showed that all sorted strains exhibited strong tolerance to 8% (v/v) ethanol, with Raman Tolerance Index (RTI) values exceeding 50%. Among them, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum F4 displayed the highest tolerance (RTI = 85.05 {+/-} 3.41%). Comparative transcriptomic analyses of representative strains revealed mechanistically coherent ethanol adaptation strategies, including ethanol-derived carbon recycling, dynamic membrane lipid remodeling, and reinforced redox homeostasis. These responses directly underpin the metabolic activity captured by the Raman screening signal, validating its physiological relevance. This integrated SCRS-RACS workflow achieved orders-of-magnitude higher screening throughput, a 4.5-fold improvement in sorting accuracy, and a 6.86-fold increase in assessment efficiency compared with conventional methods. This study establishes a versatile, metabolism-based paradigm for the targeted mining of rare, stress-tolerant microorganisms from complex microbiomes, with broad implications for industrial biotechnology and microbial ecology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>teng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>qing, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>chao, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>ming, D. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>hang, W. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>yun, Y. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>le, W. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>zi, Z. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jian, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>wei, Z. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>xian, W. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>jia, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.13.705682</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metabolism-driven, high-efficiency mining of ethanol-tolerant microorganisms from pit mud microbiota using Raman flow cytometry]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.20.707011v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ProteinConformers: large-scale and energetically profiled descriptions of protein conformational landscapes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.20.707011v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Modeling protein conformational landscapes is essential for understanding dynamics, allostery, and drug discovery, yet existing resources lack diverse conformational coverage, energetic annotations, or benchmarking standards. ProteinConformers (https://zhanggroup.org/ProteinConformers) provides 2.7 million geometry-optimized conformations generated with a multi-seed molecular dynamics strategy, paired with 13.7 million energy evaluations and 5.5 million similarity annotations. It delivers continuous landscapes from non-native to near-native states, benchmarking framework for multi-conformation generators, and an interactive analysis platform.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.20.707011</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ProteinConformers: large-scale and energetically profiled descriptions of protein conformational landscapes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.21.707213v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A distinct class of conjugative megaplasmids includes potential vehicles for prophage dissemination 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.21.707213v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Closely related prophages are frequently found in phylogenetically distant bacteria in the human gut, despite limited evidence of productive phage infections across broad host ranges. Thus, it remains unclear how the wide distribution of prophages could emerge. Here, we identify a potential mechanism of prophage dissemination. We describe two deeply diverged groups of conjugative megaplasmids (>300 kilobases) in the human gut microbiome, which we term Hodors. Hodors encode conserved replication, partitioning, and type IV secretion systems, together with a complex surface-associated gene module. A subset of Hodors harbor complete, intact prophage genomes, and closely related prophages are detected across phylogenetically distant Bacillota lineages, including both Bacilli and Clostridia. Further analysis indicates that Hodor-associated prophages can exist as extracellular particles and demonstrate their transcriptional activity. Our findings support a model in which conjugative megaplasmids act as composite mobile platforms that disseminate prophage genomes across bacterial lineages, providing a mechanistic explanation for the widespread occurrence of closely related prophages in phylogenetically distant gut bacteria and effectively decoupling lysogenic host range from infective host range.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yuan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>West-Roberts, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anantharaman, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camargo, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koonin, E. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.21.707213</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A distinct class of conjugative megaplasmids includes potential vehicles for prophage dissemination]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.03.708411v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sampling protein structural token space enables accurate prediction of multiple conformations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.03.708411v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein function is fundamentally mediated by ensembles of distinct metastable states. However, existing methods typically exhibit a bias toward predicting a single dominant state, failing to capture alternative conformations or provide robust metrics for identifying high-quality multi-state conformations. Here, we present MultiStateFold (MSFold), a framework that integrates Parallel Tempering into the discrete structure token space of the ESM3 protein language model. By conceptualizing the models latent space as an implicit energy landscape, MSFold enables global exploration and barrier crossing, thereby overcoming the local sampling limitations inherent in base generative models. Across a benchmark of 313 multi-conformation pairs, MSFold sets a new performance standard: it achieves the highest success rate in modeling native states and substantially outperforms leading methods, including AlphaFold 3 and MSA Cluster, on challenging alternative conformations, while maintaining competitive accuracy for primary structures. Furthermore, we propose Sequence Log-Likelihood (SLL), a novel confidence metric derived from sequence-structure consistency. Our results demonstrate that SLL offers a modest improvement over standard metrics such as pTM and pLDDT. This work establishes a new paradigm for conformational sampling, bridging classical statistical physics with protein language models.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.03.708411</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sampling protein structural token space enables accurate prediction of multiple conformations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.10.710716v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Decoupling Lineage and Intrinsic Information in Single-Cell Lineage Tracing Data with Deep Disentangled Representation Learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.10.710716v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-cell RNA sequencing combined with lineage tracing technologies provides rich opportunities to study development and tumor evolution, yet existing computational methods struggle to disentangle intrinsic transcriptional states from lineage-driven effects. We introduce DeepTracing, a deep generative framework that integrates disentangled representation learning with lineage-aware Gaussian processes to explicitly separate intrinsic cellular variation from lineage constraints. The model constructs a layered latent space and enforces independence via Total Correlation regularization, producing intrinsic, lineage, and unified embeddings. Across extensive benchmarks, DeepTracing consistently outperforms existing approaches. In TedSim simulations, it achieves superior clustering of cell states and effectively recovers phylogenetic structure, surpassing original expression and scVI. Applied to mouse tumor lineage-tracing data, DeepTracing attains higher ARI/NMI for tumor-type classification than scVI and PORCELAN, accurately separating primary and metastatic tumors and recovering known trajectories such as early lymph-node divergence and liver-to-kidney cross-seeding. In larger datasets, it maintains strong performance while preserving both transcriptomic continuity and lineage fidelity. DeepTracing also reconstructs continuous developmental trajectories in mouse ventral midbrain, isolating temporal effects from intrinsic differentiation. These results establish DeepTracing as a scalable and interpretable framework for analyzing multimodal single-cell data in tumor progression.

Code availabilityThe source code is publicly available at https://github.com/Yuhong-Wen/DeepTracing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.10.710716</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Decoupling Lineage and Intrinsic Information in Single-Cell Lineage Tracing Data with Deep Disentangled Representation Learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.10.710764v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
STING agonist-mediated endothelial cell activation drives NK cells and neutrophils-dependent pulmonary inflammation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.10.710764v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonists and derivative molecules have been extensively developed for tumor immunotherapy. However, systemic exposure toxicity risks have constrained clinical trial progression and even threatened patient lives. Currently, systematic toxicity assessments for STING agonists remain lacking, with the mode of action for major organ injury yet to be elucidated. Here, we focused on STING agonist-induced lung injury, revealing that systemic administration of STING agonists caused pulmonary hemorrhage, inflammatory alterations, and respiratory dysfunction. Through single-cell RNA sequencing and immune deletion studies, we found that lung endothelial cells could be stimulated by STING agonists and then secreted chemokines and IL-15 to recruit and activate NK cells. NK cells could induce endothelial cell apoptosis via IFN-{gamma}. Tbx21+ NK subpopulations, which activated by endothelial cells, could produce chemokines to recruit neutrophils. Neutrophils secreted IL-1{beta} through positive feedback pathways and form neutrophil extracellular traps during lung injury. This study elucidates the critical role of the endothelial cell-NK cell-neutrophil axis in mediating STING agonist-associated pneumonia, offering insights for developing intervention strategies for STING agonist toxicity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.10.710764</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[STING agonist-mediated endothelial cell activation drives NK cells and neutrophils-dependent pulmonary inflammation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.10.710928v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ultra-low-illumination, high-fidelity longitudinal monitoring of cerebral perfusion via deep learning-enhanced laser speckle contrast imaging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.10.710928v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging (LSCI) is a non-contact, label-free optical technique widely used in biomedical research and clinical applications. It enables real-time visualization and quantification of microvascular blood flow by analyzing the temporal fluctuations of laser speckles induced by moving red blood cells. However, conventional LSCI uses visible or near-infrared illumination, which--during prolonged exposure (e.g., >1{square}hr)--can induce sublethal neural stress and cause signal drift, compromising physiological relevance and raising ethical concerns. To mitigate these limitations, we introduce TunLSCI--a TransUNet-based recovery network designed to reconstruct high-fidelity mouse cerebral blood flow (CBF) indices from ultra-low-illumination LSCI. We train our network on paired ultra-low-illumination (1.27 {micro}W/mm2) and conventional LSCI data ([~]200 {micro}W/mm2 illumination, the latter as reference), and demonstrate that it outperforms the conventional standard analytical LSCI processing pipeline based on stLASCA, particularly in reconstructing fine vasculature from few frames, suppressing speckle noise, and maintaining robustness against exposure variations. We validate that the proposed TunLSCI reduces illumination power density by [~]157-fold compared with conventional stLASCA, well below the safety threshold for cortical exposure in mice and markedly improves stability during a 2-hour continuous mouse CBF monitoring. Our method significantly minimizes the phototoxic burden of LSCI while preserving spatiotemporal fidelity and quantitative accuracy, thus enabling longitudinal, high-biosafety cerebral perfusion tracking in vivo over multi-hours.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.10.710928</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ultra-low-illumination, high-fidelity longitudinal monitoring of cerebral perfusion via deep learning-enhanced laser speckle contrast imaging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.12.705481v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A generalized life-motion mechanism supports invariant directional coding of local biological kinematics in humans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.12.705481v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Humans can detect biological motion (BM) from sparse local kinematic cues, yet whether the visual system encodes directional information in a category-invariant manner remains unresolved. Here we combined a visual adaptation paradigm with computational modelling to reveal direction-sensitive neural mechanisms specialized for local biological kinematics. Adapting to a side-view scrambled point-light walker produced a robust repulsive aftereffect in the perceived direction of an intact human walker near the frontal view. Notably, this aftereffect generalized across different terrestrial vertebrates (pigeon, cat, dog) and across various actions (running, crawling, cycling), demonstrating a high degree of kinematic invariance. Crucially, the effect disappeared when biological kinematics were disrupted (inversion or removal of gravitational acceleration cues) or when the test stimulus was replaced with non-biological object motion. Individuals direction-discrimination abilities were also highly correlated across diverse local BM patterns, indicating a shared underlying mechanism. Drift-diffusion modeling further revealed that adaptation primarily altered the efficiency of sensory evidence accumulation rather than decision-level processes, and individual drift-rate changes strongly predicted the magnitude of perceptual aftereffects. These findings provide compelling evidence for a generalized, direction-sensitive neural system tuned to local biological kinematics, extending the life-motion detector theory and revealing a fundamental principle of biological motion perception.

Significance StatementHumans possess an exceptional ability to detect and interpret the movements of living beings--an ability fundamental to survival, social interaction, and adaptive behavior. But how does the visual system extract "life motion" so adeptly amidst the complexity of natural scenes? Using visual adaptation and computational modelling, we provide direct evidence for direction-sensitive neural mechanisms specialized for local biological kinematics. These mechanisms operate robustly across species and actions, and remain selective for natural biological dynamics. Our findings advance the life-motion detector theory by demonstrating that the human visual system encodes directional information in a highly invariant manner, revealing a fundamental computational strategy for detecting animate agents.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.12.705481</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A generalized life-motion mechanism supports invariant directional coding of local biological kinematics in humans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.12.711252v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Opening the Black Box of Neural Computation from Neural Recordings with Gain-Modulated Linear Dynamical System 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.12.711252v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Inferring computational mechanisms from neural recordings is a central goal in systems neuro-science. Recent developments have identified low-rank recurrent neural networks (RNNs) as an effective tool for fitting observed neural activity and extracting neural dynamics. However, we show that accurate activity fitting alone does not guarantee mechanistic validity: even well-fitted low-rank RNNs can yield misleading circuit interpretations in the absence of ground-truth model settings on synthetic datasets. To address this limitation, we introduce a gain-modulated linear dynamical systems (gmLDS) method, which decomposes latent-variable interactions into a time-varying gain and static low-rank connectivity components. This decomposition captures linearized dynamics near neural trajectories and enables flexible adaptation to each neurons nonlinear responses without requiring a predefined activation function. Extensive validation across multiple synthetic datasets shows that gmLDS accurately reproduces neural activity, gain and connectivity, thereby capturing the fine structure of linearized dynamics and the underlying circuit mechanisms. When applying to neural recordings from a context-dependent decision-making task, gmLDS uncovers evidence for the coexistence of two prevalent selection mechanisms, offering new insights into a long-standing unresolved issue in the field. Together, our results establish gmLDS as a principled approach for opening the black box of neural computation from neural recordings.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Min, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.12.711252</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Opening the Black Box of Neural Computation from Neural Recordings with Gain-Modulated Linear Dynamical System]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.13.711531v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nanosecond laser-driven proton FLASH spares normal tissue cells by sustaining mitochondrial homeostasis and attenuating ferroptosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.13.711531v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Radiotherapys clinical utility remains fundamentally constrained by the collateral damage to healthy tissues. Ultra-high-dose-rate (UHDR) irradiation, or, FLASH-radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) has emerged as a transformative paradigm to mitigate such toxicity. However, the biological effects of FLASH-RT on the high-efficiency of tumor killing and normal tissue sparing remain poorly understood. In this work, we utilized a petawatt-class laser-plasma acceleration (LPA) platform to deliver discrete 12.9-nanosecond proton pulses at an extreme instantaneous dose rate of 1.94x107 Gy/s. This temporal singularity achieved a profound sparing effect in normal bronchial epithelial cells, evidenced by a nine-fold reduction in the lethal  coefficient (from 0.47 to 0.05 Gy-1), while maintaining full tumoricidal potency against lung adenocarcinoma. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that LPA-FLASH could effectively bypass the ATF3-mediated stress response and circumvent the subsequent ferroptotic cascade. This molecular evasion could preserve the mitochondrial cristae integrity and trigger an adaptive bioenergetic ATP surge--a hallmark of metabolic resilience exclusively in healthy tissue cells. Therefore, our findings identify ferroptosis-mediated mitochondrial integrity as a unifying framework for selective normal-tissue protection at the physical limits of radiation delivery, and establish LPA-FLASH-RT as a potent, compact modality for next-generation oncology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sui, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.13.711531</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nanosecond laser-driven proton FLASH spares normal tissue cells by sustaining mitochondrial homeostasis and attenuating ferroptosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.15.711888v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TracePheno Enables Function-First Inference of Trace-ElementPhenotypes from Microbiome Profiles 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.15.711888v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbiome phenotype analysis usually captures broad organism-level traits, yet clinically and ecologically important programmes for trace-element acquisition, storage, detoxification, and cofactor biosynthesis remain difficult to summarize because the underlying loci are often strain-variable and only partly reflected by taxonomy. We present TracePheno, a function-first framework for inferring microbial phenotypes related to eight common trace elements from gene- or KO-level evidence. The current phenotype panels span iron, zinc, manganese, copper, cobalt/vitamin B12, nickel, molybdenum, and selenium. The implementation combines curated core/accessory/ambiguous marker tiers, cohort-invariant bounded support transforms, deterministic core-gated calling, presence/absence-oriented genome trait inference, and a publicationoriented visualization bundle. The bundled release covers ten phenotype panels and three complementary workflows: direct scoring of function matrices, genome-to-trait construction, and taxon-abundance scoring with a precomputed trait matrix. Using the current release, we analysed two local demonstrations that were regenerated for this manuscript. In 11 representative human-gut genomes from the MGnify catalogue, copper homeostasis/resistance and iron acquisition were the most prevalent high-scoring programmes, whereas Firmicutes in this small panel showed stronger cobalamin biosynthesis and selenium-utilization signals than Bacteroidota. In a PICRUSt2-style KO example, zinc acquisition was higher in the case group, whereas iron acquisition, corrinoid transport/cobalt uptake, and selenium utilization were relatively higher in controls. Together, these analyses show that TracePheno can convert genome annotations and predicted KO tables into interpretable, publication-ready trace-element phenotype landscapes while keeping the decision rules explicit, portable, and biologically constrained.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>ZHOU, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.15.711888</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TracePheno Enables Function-First Inference of Trace-ElementPhenotypes from Microbiome Profiles]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.14.711758v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exploration of Orally Disintegrating Tablet for Sublingual Vaccination against Mucosal Bacterial Infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.14.711758v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Oral mucosal bacterial infections impose a substantial global disease burden, yet current clinical management typically reduces microbial load only transiently and rarely establishes durable protection at the oral surface. Analysis of 200 patients with periodontitis revealed that elevated levels of pathogen-specific salivary secretory Immunoglobulin A (sIgA) were strongly associated with reduced bacterial burden and improved clinical periodontal outcomes, identifying sIgA as a key determinant of effective oral protection. Guided by this observation, we developed a sublingual, orally disintegrating tablet vaccine (Capot) that incorporates bacterial extracellular vesicles providing a comprehensive repertoire of native antigens and multiple pathogen-associated molecular patterns, encapsulated within a calcium phosphate nanoshell to enable safe transmucosal delivery to submandibular lymph nodes. The rapidly disintegrating tablet format minimizes inadvertent swallowing and enhances local mucosal bioavailability. In mice and non-human primates, Capot induced robust and long-lasting salivary sIgA responses without overt oral mucosal or gastrointestinal inflammation and conferred strong protection against primary, recurrent, and antibiotic-resistant periodontitis. Together, these findings establish sublingual tablet vaccination as a practical strategy for selectively engaging oral mucosal immunity and preventing chronic bacterial diseases at oral mucosal surfaces.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.14.711758</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exploration of Orally Disintegrating Tablet for Sublingual Vaccination against Mucosal Bacterial Infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.14.711529v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MetaReact: A Reaction-Aware Transformer for End-to-End Prediction of Drug Metabolism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.14.711529v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accurate prediction of drug metabolites and enzyme selectivity is essential for rational drug design and safety assessment. However, existing computational approaches are often limited to specific enzyme families or reaction types, lacking the capacity to model enzyme-subtype specificity and prioritize major metabolites. Here, we present MetaReact, an end-to-end generalizable Transformer-based model that unifies the prediction of metabolic enzymes, metabolites, and sites of metabolism (SOM). By integrating structure-aware encoding ReactSeq, a chemistry reaction-based pretraining, MetaReact consistently outperforms state-of-the-art methods across multiple benchmarks under three settings: enzyme-agnostic, enzyme-completion, enzyme-conditioned. Notably, it achieves 60% Top-3 accuracy in identifying major metabolites and superior CYP450 enzyme-subtype prediction/SOM recognition. Case studies validate its applicability to complex natural products, synthetic cannabinoids, and clinical candidates, facilitating toxicity assessment and molecular optimization. This scalable, rule-free solution advances human metabolism modeling, with potential for computational pharmacokinetics and early drug discovery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.14.711529</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MetaReact: A Reaction-Aware Transformer for End-to-End Prediction of Drug Metabolism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.19.712815v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A circRNA-based uricase replacement therapy for sustained treatment of hyperuricemia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.19.712815v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hyperuricemia, a major risk factor for gout and kidney disease, arises from the evolutionary loss of human uricase and remains a significant medical challenge due to its high prevalence. However, limited therapeutic options are available for refractory hyperuricemia that typically require long-term treatment. Here we developed a circRNA-based uricase replacement strategy and evaluated its efficacy in uricase-knockout mice as a model for severe hyperuricemia. Lipid nanoparticle-mediated delivery of circRNA enabled efficient in vivo expression of an engineered human-like uricase, which rapidly reduced serum urate levels after a single injection and maintained the urate-lowering effect for up to 10 days. Repeated administration led to sustained urate reduction for 10 weeks, mitigated renal injury, and exhibited favorable biosafety. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of circRNA-based uricase replacement for the long-term treatment of hyperuricemia and its associated complications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.19.712815</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A circRNA-based uricase replacement therapy for sustained treatment of hyperuricemia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.18.712789v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DNA-triggered AIM2 condensation orchestrates immune activation and regulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.18.712789v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The innate immune sensor AIM2 detects cytosolic DNA and initiates inflammatory responses, yet its activation mechanism remains incompletely understood. Here, we show that AIM2 undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation upon DNA binding, forming dynamic condensates both in vitro and in cells. These condensates serve as platforms for inflammasome and PANoptosome assembly, promoting immune activation across multiple pathways. Direct structural determination from condensates reveals the assembly of active-form ASC filaments. Mechanistically, liquid-phase condensation is governed by multivalent interactions involving different AIM2 domains, including previously uncharacterized regions and species-specific elements. In vitro and in vivo assays show that mutants specifically disrupting condensation impair immune complex assembly, cell death initiation, antimicrobial defense, and intestinal homeostasis. Moreover, AIM2-DNA condensates function as regulatory hubs targeted by host- and pathogen-derived factors to balance immune homeostasis or facilitate immune evasion. These findings establish liquid-phase condensation as a fundamental mechanism of AIM2 activation and a potential therapeutic target.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.18.712789</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DNA-triggered AIM2 condensation orchestrates immune activation and regulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.23.713598v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rapid and robust sex determination from ancient enamel proteomes using protSexInferer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.23.713598v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accurate biological sex determination of ancient remains is critical for archaeological, anthropological, and forensic studies, but remains challenging for morphologically ambiguous and highly degraded endogenous DNA samples. Paleo-proteomics sex identification approaches, targeting sexually dimorphic amelogenin isoforms (AMELX and AMELY), present a promising solution. However, current workflows rely on manual verification of a few specific peptide markers, a process that lacks standardization and is susceptible to false-positive AMELY signals. To overcome these limitations, we developed protSexInferer, a lightweight, open-source bioinformatic pipeline for automated sex estimation from paleo-proteomic data. Our method uses the ratio of AMELY-specific peptides to all detected AMELY- and AMELX-specific peptides (i.e., the RAMELY value) rather than the mere presence or absence of AMELY signals for sex classification. We demonstrated that the RAMELY value clearly distinguishes male and female individuals in both reference and independent validation datasets, enabling reliable sex assignments even in cases where conventional intensity-based comparisons (e.g., AMELY-59M vs. AMELX-60) are ambiguous. This ratio-based approach effectively mitigates the impact of false-positive AMELY signals, therefore eliminating the need for time-consuming manual verification, and remains reliable even for samples with low peptide yields. Equipped with pre-constructed protein reference databases, protSexInferer provides a robust, standardized, and end-to-end solution for paleo-proteomic sex determination.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bai, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.23.713598</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rapid and robust sex determination from ancient enamel proteomes using protSexInferer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.24.714074v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CombinGym: a benchmark platform for machine learning-assisted design of combinatorial protein variants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.24.714074v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Combinatorial mutagenesis is essential for exploring protein sequence-function landscapes in engineering applications. However, while large-scale machine learning benchmarks exist for protein function prediction, they are primarily limited to single-mutant libraries, leaving a critical gap for combinatorial mutagenesis. Here we introduce CombinGym, a benchmarking platform featuring 14 curated combinatorial mutagenesis datasets spanning 9 proteins with diverse functional properties including binding affinity, fluorescence, and enzymatic activities. We evaluated nine machine learning algorithms from five methodological categories (alignment-based, protein language, structure-based, sequence-label, and substitution-based) across multiple prediction tasks, assessing both zero-shot and supervised learning performance using Spearmans {rho} and Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain metrics. Our analysis reveals the substantial impact of measurement noise and data processing strategies on model performance. By implementing hierarchical dataset splits (0-vs-rest, 1-vs-rest, 2-vs-rest, and 3-vs-rest scenarios), we demonstrate the value of lower-order mutation data for empowering machine learning models to predict higher-order mutant properties. We validated this capacity through both in silico simulation (improving fluorescence brightness of an oxygen-independent fluorescent protein) and experimental validation (engineering enzyme substrate specificity), achieving a substantial increase in specific activity. All datasets, benchmarks, and metrics are available through an interactive website (https://www.combingym.org), facilitating collaborative dataset expansion and model development through integration with automated biofoundry platforms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Si, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.24.714074</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CombinGym: a benchmark platform for machine learning-assisted design of combinatorial protein variants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.26.714376v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Conserved Metabolic Oxidative Axis Underlies Immune Cell Cryo-vulnerability 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.26.714376v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Immunotherapy has emerged as a transformative approach for treating cancer and other diseases, yet its widespread deployment requires effective cryopreservation strategies to enable scalable global distribution. However, many immune cell types remain acutely vulnerable to freeze-thaw stress, and the underlying mechanisms of this cryo-vulnerability are not well defined. In this study, we combined metabolic flux analysis, ROS quantification, lipidomics, and preclinical xenograft models to investigate how metabolic state influences cryopreservation outcomes. We found that immune cell activation induces a metabolic shift characterized by elevated glucose utilization and excessive ROS production, leading to profound post-thaw loss of viability and function, as demonstrated by a [~]25% survival rate in natural killer (NK) cells. Targeted pretreatments--including inhibitors of glucose metabolism, antioxidants, and suppression of lipid peroxidation--restored post-thaw recovery to nearly 90% while preserving effector activity and antitumor efficacy. Similar protective effects were observed across {beta} T cells, {gamma}{delta} T cells, and macrophages, defining a conserved metabolic-oxidative pathway of cryo-vulnerability and offering applicable strategies to enhance immune cell preservation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bustamante, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.26.714376</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Conserved Metabolic Oxidative Axis Underlies Immune Cell Cryo-vulnerability]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.27.714734v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sustained Relief of Chronic Pain via a Nav1.7_Targeting ASO_siRNA Conjugate 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.27.714734v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chronic pain affects billions globally, yet safe, long-lasting, and non-addictive analgesics remain lacking. Nav1.7 is a genetically validated pain target, but traditional small molecules have repeatedly failed. Therapeutic oligonucleotides-antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and siRNAs-offer selective, durable silencing. We developed N02C0702, an ASO-siRNA conjugate (ASC), achieving robust Nav1.7 knockdown and sustained analgesia without additional delivery vehicles. N02C0702 outperformed individual ASO (N02A114) and siRNA (N02S154) moieties at mRNA and protein levels and in pain relief. In CFA-induced inflammatory pain, a single intrathecal dose exceeded naproxen and suzetrigine, while in SNL neuropathic pain, efficacy persisted up to 56 days, comparable to or surpassing pregabalin. Genome-wide RNA sequencing confirmed minimal off-target effects. N02C0702 highlights Nav1.7 as a key analgesic target and demonstrates the ASC platforms potential for chronic pain and other CNS-related pathologies, offering durable, selective, and safe therapeutic effects.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.27.714734</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sustained Relief of Chronic Pain via a Nav1.7_Targeting ASO_siRNA Conjugate]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.28.714460v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TRiC folds the giant ciliary protein IFT172 via a non-canonical open-state mechanism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.28.714460v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The eukaryotic chaperonin TRiC/CCT is essential for folding complex proteins, yet how it folds substrates that exceed its closed chamber capacity remains a longstanding paradox. Here, we define the folding pathway of IFT172, the largest subunit ([~]200 kDa) of the intraflagellar transport (IFT) machinery, and uncover a "divide-and-conquer" mechanism. TRiC and HSP70 engage IFT172 concurrently but on distinct domains: TRiC captures the N-terminal WD40 {beta}-propellers within its chamber, whereas HSP70 independently stabilizes the C-terminal TPR domain in the cytosol. To accommodate this oversized client, specific TRiC subunits (CCT4, CCT2, and CCT7) undergo pronounced Z-shaped outward bending, thereby expanding the chamber. Unexpectedly, the first WD40 domain reaches a near-folded state within the open, ATP-bound chamber, and subsequent TRiC ring closure triggers substrate ejection rather than encapsulation. This non-canonical "fold-and-eject" mechanism challenges the classical view that the closed chamber is an obligate folding cage. We further demonstrate that this pathway is essential for ciliary functions in vivo, and reveal a conserved mode of chaperonin recognition among IFT components bearing tandem WD40-TPR architectures. Together, our findings establish a new paradigm for the folding of oversized, multi-domain proteins and identify TRiC as a central proteostasis hub in ciliary biogenesis, with direct implications for ciliopathy pathogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.28.714460</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TRiC folds the giant ciliary protein IFT172 via a non-canonical open-state mechanism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.30.715288v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An Integrated Computational-Experimental Strategy For the Prediction of Small Molecules as GLP-1R Agonists 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.30.715288v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) plays a central role in metabolic regulation and is a major therapeutic target for obesity and diabetes. Peptide agonists, like semaglutide, targeting the GLP-1R remain among the most effective regulators of glucose metabolism and appetite. Nonetheless, recent reports about weight regain have limited the effectiveness of GLP1R peptide agonists, sustaining the interest in expanding the chemical diversity of GLP-1R ligands through drug discovery strategies. However, the structural complexity and conformational plasticity of class B1 GPCRs make conventional single-method virtual screening approaches prone to bias and limited chemotype recovery. Using an integrated ligand- and structure-based virtual screening pipeline, explicitly combining complementary ligand-based descriptors, multi-fingerprint similarity, electrostatic similarity, pharmacophore modeling, and multi-conformation docking under a consensus-driven selection strategy, we were able to identify three chemically distinct classes of GLP-1R agonist candidates: GQB47810, a non-peptidic molecule; neuromedin C, a peptide, and 2,5-Pen-enkephalin (DPDPE), a small peptide. From all of them, DPDPE showed the greatest effectiveness, reaching values similar to those of GLP-1, although with lower potency. Further in vitro characterization confirmed that pen-enkephalin behaved as a full agonist and exhibited dual GLP-1R/GIPR agonistic activity.

These findings establish a consensus-driven and transferable computational framework for chemotype-diverse agonist discovery at conformationally flexible GPCR targets, and revealed a pentapeptide with GLP-1-like efficacy as a promising lead for next-generation small peptide therapeutics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Murcia Garcia, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alonso Fernandez, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez Morante, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez Sanchez, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.30.715288</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An Integrated Computational-Experimental Strategy For the Prediction of Small Molecules as GLP-1R Agonists]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
</rdf:RDF>
