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<title>bioRxiv Channel: National Taiwan University</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org</link>
<description>
This feed contains articles for bioRxiv Channel "National Taiwan University"
</description>

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<prism:publicationName>bioRxiv</prism:publicationName>
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<title>bioRxiv</title>
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<link>https://biorxiv.org</link>
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<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/024851v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
R2d2 drives selfish sweeps in the house mouse 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/024851v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A selective sweep is the result of strong positive selection driving newly occurring or standing genetic variants to fixation, and can dramatically alter the pattern and distribution of allelic diversity in a population. Population-level sequencing data have enabled discoveries of selective sweeps associated with genes involved in recent adaptations in many species. In contrast, much debate but little empirical evidence addresses whether "selfish" genes are capable of fixation thereby leaving signatures identical to classical selective sweeps despite being neutral or deleterious to organismal fitness. We previously described R2d2, a large copy-number variant that causes non-random segregation of mouse Chromosome 2 in females due to meiotic drive. Here we show population-genetic data consistent with a selfish sweep driven by alleles of R2d2 with high copy number (R2d2HC) in natural populations. We replicate this finding in multiple closed breeding populations from six outbred backgrounds segregating for R2d2 alleles. We find that R2d2HC rapidly increases in frequency, and in most cases becomes fixed in significantly fewer generations than can be explained by genetic drift. R2d2HC is also associated with significantly reduced litter sizes in heterozygous mothers, making it a true selfish allele. Our data provide direct evidence of populations actively undergoing selfish sweeps, and demonstrate that meiotic drive can rapidly alter the genomic landscape in favor of mutations with neutral or even negative effects on overall Darwinian fitness. Further study will reveal the incidence of selfish sweeps, and will elucidate the relative contributions of selfish genes, adaptation and genetic drift to evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>John P Didion</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrew Parker Morgan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liran Yadgary</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Timothy A Bell</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rachel Clara McMullan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lydia Ortiz de Solorzano</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janice Britton-Davidian</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carol J Bult</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karl J Campbell</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riccardo Castiglia</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yung-Hao Ching</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amanda J Chunco</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James J Crowley</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elissa J Chesler</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>John E French</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sofia I Gabriel</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniel M Gatti</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Theodore Garland</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eva B Giagia-Athanasopoulou</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mabel D Giménez</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sofia A Grize</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>İslam Gündüz</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrew Holmes</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heidi C Hauffe</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeremy S Herman</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James M Holt</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kunji Hua</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wesley J Jolley</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anna K Lindholm</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>María J López-Fuster</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George Mitsainas</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maria Mathias</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leonard McMillan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>M Graça Ramalhinho</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbara Rehermann</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stephan P Ross</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-08-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/024851</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[R2d2 drives selfish sweeps in the house mouse]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-08-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/025429v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Further genetic diversification in multiple tumors and an evolutionary perspective on therapeutics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/025429v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AbstractsThe genetic diversity within a single tumor can be extremely large, possibly with mutations at all coding sites (Ling et al. 2015). In this study, we analyzed 12 cases of multiple hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumors by sequencing and genotyping several samples from each case. In 10 cases, tumors are clonally related by a process of cell migration and colonization. They permit a detailed analysis of the evolutionary forces (mutation, migration, drift and natural selection) that influence the genetic diversity both within and between tumors. In 23 inter-tumor comparisons, the descendant tumor usually shows a higher growth rate than the parent tumor. In contrast, neutral diversity dominates within-tumor observations such that adaptively growing clones are rarely found. The apparent adaptive evolution between tumors can be explained by the inherent bias for detecting larger tumors that have a growth advantage. Beyond these tumors are a far larger number of clones which, growing at a neutral rate and too small to see, can nevertheless be verified by molecular means. Given that the estimated genetic diversity is often very large, therapeutic strategies need to take into account the pre-existence of many drug-resistance mutations. Importantly, these mutations are expected to be in the very low frequency range in the primary tumors (and become frequent in the relapses, as is indeed reported (1-3). In conclusion, tumors may often harbor a very large number of mutations in the very low frequency range. This duality provides both a challenge and an opportunity for designing strategies against drug resistance (4-8).nnOne Sentence SummaryThe total genetic diversity across all tumors of a single patient, with large number of low frequency mutations driven by neutral and adaptive forces, presents both a challenge and an opportunity for new cancer therapeutics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yong Tao</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng Hu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaoping Ling</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shiou-Hwie Yeh</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiwei Zhai</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ke Chen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chunyan Li</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu Wang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaile Wang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hurng-Yi Wang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eric A Hungate</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kenan Onel</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang Liu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Changqing Zeng</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richard R Hudson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pei-Jer Chen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xuemei Lu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung-I Wu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-08-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/025429</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Further genetic diversification in multiple tumors and an evolutionary perspective on therapeutics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-08-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/043778v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantifying Differences and Similarities in Whole-brain White Matter Architecture Using Local Connectome Fingerprints 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/043778v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Quantifying differences or similarities in connectomes has been a challenge due to the immense complexity of global brain networks. Here we introduce a noninvasive method that uses diffusion MRI to characterize whole-brain white matter architecture as a single local connectome fingerprint that allows for a direct comparison between structural connectomes. In four independently acquired data sets with repeated scans (total N=213), we show that the local connectome fingerprint is highly specific to an individual, allowing for an accurate self-versus-others classification that achieved 100% accuracy across 17,398 identification tests. The estimated classification error was approximately one thousand times smaller than fingerprints derived from diffusivity-based measures or region-to-region connectivity patterns. The local connectome fingerprint also revealed neuroplasticity within an individual reflected as a decreasing trend in self-similarity across time, whereas this change was not observed in the diffusivity measures. Moreover, the local connectome fingerprint can be used as a phenotypic marker, revealing 12.51% similarity between monozygotic twins, 5.14% between dizygotic twins, and 4.51% between none-twin siblings. This novel approach opens a new door for probing the influence of pathological, genetic, social, or environmental factors on the unique configuration of the human connectome.nnAuthor SummaryThe local organization of white matter architecture is highly unique to individuals, making it a tangible metric of connectomic differences. The variability in local white matter architecture is found to be partially determined by genetic factors, but largely plastic across time. This approach opens a new door for probing the influence of pathological, genetic, social, or environmental factors on the unique configuration of the human connectome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fang-Cheng Yeh</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jean Vettel</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aarti Singh</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barnabas Poczos</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott Grafton</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirk Erickson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen-Yih Isaac Tseng</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Timothy Verstynen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-03-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/043778</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantifying Differences and Similarities in Whole-brain White Matter Architecture Using Local Connectome Fingerprints]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-03-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/044602v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An atypical role for the myeloid receptor Mincle in CNS injury 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/044602v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mincle is a C-type lectin known to play a role in innate immune responses to sterile inflammation, but its contribution to pathologies following an ischemic or traumatic injury is not well understood. In the current study we demonstrate a key role for Mincle in ischemic (i.e. transient middle cerebral artery occlusion) but not traumatic central nervous system injury; absence of Mincle also did not significantly alter the extent of tissue damage or functional outcome in peripheral models of ischemic tissue injury. In the stroke model mice lacking Mincle displayed significantly improved functional outcome from focal cerebral ischemia. The functional improvements in Mincle KO animals were accompanied by reduced infiltration of neutrophils and lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines in recruited peripheral blood cells. Bone marrow chimera experiments revealed that presence of Mincle in the central nervous system, but not peripheral immune cells, was the critical regulator of a poor outcome following transient focal cerebral ischemia, however we exclude a direct role for Mincle in microglia or neural activation. We demonstrate that Mincle lacks widespread expression in the brain, but is specifically associated with macrophages resident in the perivascular niche. These findings implicate Mincle in the initiation, extent and severity of local responses to ischemic injury in the brain, but not peripheral tissues. Mincle signalling therefore offers a novel therapeutic target in the quest to limit damage after stroke.nnSources of supportAustralian National Health & Medical Research Council [1057846, 1060538 and Fellowship to NAR], SpinalCure Australia (Career Development Fellowship to MJR), the Australian Research Council, the State Government of Victoria, the Australian Government and The University of Queensland.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Thiruma Arumugam</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silvia Manzanero</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milena Furtado</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patrick Biggins</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu-Hsuan Hsieh</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathias Gelderblom</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelli MacDonald</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ekaterina Salimova</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu-I Li</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Othmar Korn</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deborah Dewar</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>I Mhairi Macrae</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robert Ashman</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sung-Chun Tang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nadia Rosenthal</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marc Ruitenberg</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tim Magnus</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christine Wells</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-03-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/044602</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An atypical role for the myeloid receptor Mincle in CNS injury]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-03-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/046946v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bias in community-weighted mean analysis relating species attributes to sample attributes: justification and remedy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/046946v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
One way to analyze the relationship between species attributes and sample attributes via the matrix of species composition is to calculate the community-weighted mean of species attributes (CWM) and relate it to sample attributes by correlation, regression or ANOVA. This weighted-mean approach is frequently used by vegetation ecologists to relate species attributes like plant functional traits or Ellenberg-like species indicator values to sample attributes like measured environmental variables, biotic properties, species richness or sample scores in ordination analysis.nnThe problem with the weighted-mean approach is that, in certain cases, it yields biased results in terms of both effect size and P-values, and this bias is contingent upon the beta diversity of the species composition data. The reason is that CWM values calculated from samples of communities sharing some species are not independent of each other. This influences the number of effective degrees of freedom, which is usually lower than the actual number of samples, and the difference further increases with decreasing beta diversity of the data set. The discrepancy between the number of effective degrees of freedom and the number of samples in analysis turns into biased effect sizes and an inflated Type I error rate in those cases where the significance of the relationship is tested by standard tests, a problem which is analogous to analysis of two spatially autocorrelated variables. Consequently, results of studies using rather homogeneous (although not necessarily small) compositional data sets may be overly optimistic, and effect sizes of studies based on data sets differing by their beta diversity are not directly comparable.nnHere, I introduce guidelines on how to decide in which situation the bias is actually a problem when interpreting results, recognizing that there are several types of species and sample attributes with different properties and that ecological hypotheses commonly tested by the weighted-mean approach fall into one of three broad categories. I also compare available analytical solutions accounting for the bias (modified permutation test and sequential permutation test using the fourth-corner statistic) and suggest rules for their use.nnAbbreviations
]]></description>
<dc:creator>David Zeleny</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-04-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/046946</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bias in community-weighted mean analysis relating species attributes to sample attributes: justification and remedy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-04-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/051532v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Elevated nonlinearity as indicator of transition to overexploitation in fish stocks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/051532v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ecosystems may experience abrupt changes such as species extinctions, reorganisations of trophic structure, or transitions from stable population dynamics to strongly irregular fluctuations. Although most of these changes have important ecological and at times economic implications, they remain notoriously difficult to detect in advance. Here, we use a Ricker-type model to simulate the transition of a hypothetical stable fisheries population either to irregular boom-bust dynamics or to overexploitation. Our aim is to infer the risk of extinction in these two scenarios by comparing changes in variance, autocorrelation, and nonlinearity between unexploited and exploited populations. We find that changes in these statistical metrics reflect the risk of extinction but depend on the type of dynamical transition. Variance and nonlinearity increase similarly in magnitude along both transitions. In contrast, autocorrelation depends strongly on the presence of underlying oscillating dynamics. We also compare our theoretical expectations to indicators measured in long-term datasets of fish stocks from the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigation in the Eastern Pacific and from the Northeast Shelf in the Western Atlantic. Our results suggest that elevated variance and nonlinearity could be potentially used to rank exploited fish populations according to their risk of extinction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vasilis Dakos</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarah Glaser</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chih-hao Hsieh</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George Sugihara</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-05-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/051532</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Elevated nonlinearity as indicator of transition to overexploitation in fish stocks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-05-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/077792v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Actomyosin Contractility Drives Bile Regurgitation as an Early Homeostatic Response to Increased Biliary Pressure in Obstructive Cholestasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/077792v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A wide range of liver diseases manifest as biliary obstruction, or cholestasis. However, the sequence of molecular events triggered as part of the early hepatocellular homeostatic response to abnormal elevations in biliary pressure remains poorly elucidated. Bile canaliculi are dynamic luminal structures that undergo actomyosin-mediated periodic contractions to propel secreted bile. Additionally, pericanalicular actin is accumulated during obstructive cholestasis. Therefore, we hypothesize that the pericanalicular actin cortex undergoes significant remodeling as a regulatory response against increased biliary pressure. Here, we report that, actomyosin contractility induces transient deformations along the canalicular membrane, a process we have termed inward blebbing. We show that these membrane intrusions are initiated by local ruptures in the pericanalicular actin cortex, and they typically retract following repair by actin polymerization and actomyosin contraction. However, above a certain osmotic pressure threshold, these inward blebs pinch away from the canalicular membrane into the hepatocyte cytoplasm as large vesicles (2-8 {micro}m). Importantly, we show that these vesicles aid in the regurgitation of bile from the canalicular system. Conclusion: Actomyosin contractility induces the formation of bile-regurgitative vesicles, thus serving as an early homeostatic mechanism against increased biliary pressure during cholestasis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kapish Gupta</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiushi Li</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Junjun Fan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eliza Li Shan Fong</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ziwei Song</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shupei Mo</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haoyu Tang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Inn Chuan Ng</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan Way Ng</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pornteera Pawijit</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shuangmu Zhuo</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen-Yuan Dong</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boon Chuan Low</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aileen Wee</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yock Young Dan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pakorn Kanchanawong</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peter So</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Virgile Viasnoff</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanry Yu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-09-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/077792</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Actomyosin Contractility Drives Bile Regurgitation as an Early Homeostatic Response to Increased Biliary Pressure in Obstructive Cholestasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-09-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/088930v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Logic Synthesis of Recombinase-Based Genetic Circuits 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/088930v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A synthetic approach to biology is a promising technique for various applications. Recent advancements have demonstrated the feasibility of constructing synthetic two-input logic gates in Escherichia coli cells with long-term memory based on DNA inversion induced by recombinases. On the other hand, recent evidences indicate that DNA inversion mediated by genome editing tools is possible; powerful genome editing technologies, such as CRISPR-Cas9 systems, have great potential to be exploited to implement large-scale recombinase-based circuits. What remains unclear is how to construct arbitrary Boolean functions based on these emerging technologies. In this paper, we lay the theoretical foundation formalizing the connection between recombinase-based genetic circuits and Boolean functions. It enables systematic construction of any given Boolean function using recombinase-based logic gates. We further develop a methodology leveraging existing electronic design automation (EDA) tools to automate the synthesis of complex recombinase-based genetic circuits with respect to area and delay optimization. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of our proposed method.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chiu, T.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, J.-H. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/088930</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Logic Synthesis of Recombinase-Based Genetic Circuits]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/099168v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Biocuration as an undergraduate training experience: Improving the annotation of the insect vector of Citrus greening disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/099168v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama) is the insect vector of the bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), the pathogen associated with citrus Huanglongbing (HLB, citrus greening). HLB threatens citrus production worldwide. Suppression or reduction of the insect vector using chemical insecticides has been the primary method to inhibit the spread of citrus greening disease. Accurate structural and functional annotation of the Asian citrus psyllid genome, as well as a clear understanding of the interactions between the insect and CLas, are required for development of new molecular-based HLB control methods. A draft assembly of the D. citri genome has been generated and annotated with automated pipelines. However, knowledge transfer from well-curated reference genomes such as that of Drosophila melanogaster to newly sequenced ones is challenging due to the complexity and diversity of insect genomes. To identify and improve gene models as potential targets for pest control, we manually curated several gene families with a focus on genes that have key functional roles in D. citri biology and CLas interactions. This community effort produced 530 manually curated gene models across developmental, physiological, RNAi regulatory, and immunity-related pathways. As previously shown in the pea aphid, RNAi machinery genes putatively involved in the microRNA pathway have been specifically duplicated. A comprehensive transcriptome enabled us to identify a number of gene families that are either missing or misassembled in the draft genome. In order to develop biocuration as a training experience, we included undergraduate and graduate students from multiple institutions, as well as experienced annotators from the insect genomics research community. The resulting gene set (OGS v1.0) combines both automatically predicted and manually curated gene models. All data are available on https://citrusgreening.org/.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Saha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hosmani, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villalobos-Ayala, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shippy, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosendale, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cordola, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bell, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mann, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeAvila, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeAvila, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buller, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ciolkevich, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nandyal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahoney, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voorhis, J. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunlevy, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farrow, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunter, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morgan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shore, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guzman, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Izsak, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixon, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cano, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cridge, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cantarel, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richardson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>English, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leng, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Childers, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, M.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flores, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunter, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cilia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mueller, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munoz-Torres, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poelchau, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benoit, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiersma-Koch, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'elia, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-01-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/099168</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Biocuration as an undergraduate training experience: Improving the annotation of the insect vector of Citrus greening disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-01-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/101162v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fragile dynamics enable diverse genomic determinants to influence arrhythmia propensity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/101162v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genotype-phenotype relationships are determinants of human diseases. Often, we know little about why so many genes are involved in complex common diseases. We hypothesized that this multigene effect arises from the relationship between genes and physiological dynamics. We tested this hypothesis for arrhythmias as physiological dynamics define this disease. We integrated graph theory analysis of genomic and protein-protein interaction networks with dynamical models of ion channel function to identify the physiological dynamics of genome wide variation for five different arrhythmias. Regulatory networks for the cardiac conduction system and arrhythmias were constructed from GWAS and known disease genes. Electrophysiological models of myocyte action potentials were used to conduct extensive parameter variations to identify robust and fragile kinetic parameters that were then, using regulatory networks, associated with genomic determinants. We find that genome-wide determinants of arrhythmias that represent many cellular processes are selectively associated with fragile physiological dynamics of ion channel kinetics. This association predicts disease propensity. Deep RNA sequencing from human left ventricular tissue of arrhythmia and control subjects confirmed the predictive relationship. Taken together these studies show that the varied multigene effects of arrhythmias arises because of associations with fragile kinetic parameters of cardiac electrophysiology.nnSignificance StatementOur understanding of the genetics of common diseases has advanced exponentially over the past decade. We now know that differences and variation in multiple genes contribute to disease susceptibility with significant heterogeneity in the phenotype. However, how genetic variation contributes to disease phenotypes remains unknown. We hypothesized that the relationships between physiological dynamics and genetic architecture is a fundamental determinant of disease susceptibility and genetic heterogeneity. To test our hypothesis, we integrated mathematical models of cardiac electrophysiology with genetic network models of cardiac arrhythmias. We found that disease related genome variants were selectively associated with fragile kinetic parameters that predict disease propensity and identified several novel cellular processes associated with arrhythmogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kamerzell, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sobie, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, K.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nerbonne, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacRae, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iyengar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-01-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/101162</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fragile dynamics enable diverse genomic determinants to influence arrhythmia propensity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-01-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/132712v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Genomic Landscape Of Tree Rot In Phellinus noxius And Its Hymenochaetales Members 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/132712v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The order Hymenochaetales of white rot fungi contain some of the most aggressive wood decayers causing tree deaths around the world. Despite their ecological importance and the impact of diseases they cause, little is known about the evolution and transmission patterns of these pathogens. Here, we sequenced and undertook comparative genomics analyses of Hymenochaetales genomes using brown root rot fungus Phellinus noxius, wood-decomposing fungus Phellinus lamaensis, laminated root rot fungus Phellinus sulphurascens, and trunk pathogen Porodaedalea pini. Many gene families of lignin-degrading enzymes were identified from these fungi, reflecting their ability as white rot fungi. Comparing against distant fungi highlighted the expansion of 1,3-beta-glucan synthases in P. noxius, which may account for its fast-growing attribute. We identified 13 linkage groups conserved within Agaricomycetes, suggesting the evolution of stable karyotypes. We determined that P. noxius has a bipolar heterothallic mating system, with unusual highly expanded ~60 kb A locus as a result of accumulating gene transposition. We investigated the population genomics of 60 P. noxius isolates across multiple islands of the Asia Pacific region. Whole-genome sequencing showed this multinucleate species contains abundant poly-allelic single-nucleotide-polymorphisms (SNPs) with atypical allele frequencies. Different patterns of intra-isolate polymorphism reflect mono-/heterokaryotic states which are both prevalent in nature. We have shown two genetically separated lineages with one spanning across many islands despite the geographical barriers. Both populations possess extraordinary genetic diversity and show contrasting evolutionary scenarios. These results provide a framework to further investigate the genetic basis underlying the fitness and virulence of white rot fungi.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chung, C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akiba, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, T.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ke, H.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yokoi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roa, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ann, P.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, J.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tzean, S.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ota, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hattori, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahashi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liou, R.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kikuchi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, I. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/132712</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Genomic Landscape Of Tree Rot In Phellinus noxius And Its Hymenochaetales Members]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/180059v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NINJA-Associated ERF19 Negatively Regulates Arabidopsis Pattern-Triggered Immunity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/180059v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recognition of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) derived from invading pathogens by plant pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) initiates defense responses known as pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). Transcription factors (TFs) orchestrate the onset of PTI through complex signaling networks. Here, we characterize the function of ERF19, a member of the Arabidopsis thaliana ethylene response factor (ERF) family. ERF19 was found to act as a negative regulator of PTI against Botrytis cinerea and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst). Notably, overexpression of ERF19 increased plant susceptibility to these pathogens and repressed MAMP-induced PTI outputs. In contrast, expression of the chimeric dominant repressor ERF19-SRDX boosted PTI activation, conferred increased resistance to B. cinerea, and enhanced elf18-triggered immunity against Pst. Consistent with a negative role of ERF19 in PTI, MAMP-mediated growth inhibition was respectively weakened or augmented in lines overexpressing ERF19 or expressing ERF19-SRDX. Moreover, we demonstrate that the transcriptional repressor Novel INteractor of JAZ (NINJA) associates with and represses the function of ERF19. Our work reveals ERF19 as a key player in a buffering mechanism to avoid defects imposed by over-activation of PTI and a potential role for NINJA in fine-tuning ERF19-mediated regulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimmerli, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/180059</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NINJA-Associated ERF19 Negatively Regulates Arabidopsis Pattern-Triggered Immunity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/188771v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A New Evidence of Lubrication Hypothesis on Nephila pilipes Spider Silk Spinning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/188771v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In spite of all the efforts on deciphering such spinning process of spiders, the underlying mechanism currently is yet to be fully revealed. In this research, we designed a novel approach to quantitatively estimate the overall concentration change of spider silk along the progression of liquid-to-solid silk transition from the gland silk. As a prior characterization, we first studied the influence of silking-rate, ranged from 1.5 to 8.0 m/min, on spun fiber diameters as well as fiber strengths. Furthermore, the liquid contents of silk in the sac and the silk fibers leaving the spinneret were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and by estimating the ratio of collected dried silk to the weight loss of spider, respectively. The strength of spun silk fiber showed in the range of 7.5 - 8.5 g/denier; while, the fiber diameter of 0.7 - 1.1 deniers for spun silk first increased then decreased with take-up speed of winder. The results showed that the percentage liquid content of silk stored in the major ampullate sac (50.0 wt%) was lower than that of silk leaving the spinnerets (80.9 - 96.1 wt%), indicating a liquid supplying mechanism might be involved during the spinning process. Thus, a hypothesis of liquid coating on the outer surface of the silk thread served as a lubrication layer to reduce the silking resistance in spinning spigot of spider was proposed. In addition, we speculated the spigot serves as a valve-like regulator that controls not only the fiber diameter but also the lubrication layer. These findings provide understanding in physiological function of the spider spinning process and could further shed some light on future biomimetic development of silk material fabrication.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-09-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/188771</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A New Evidence of Lubrication Hypothesis on Nephila pilipes Spider Silk Spinning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-09-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/190660v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Brain-behavior patterns define a dimensional biotype in medication-nai&#x0308;ve adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/190660v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundChildhood-onset attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults is clinically heterogeneous and commonly presents with different patterns of cognitive deficits. It is unclear if this clinical heterogeneity expresses a dimensional or categorical difference in ADHD.nnMethodsWe first studied differences in functional connectivity in multi-echo resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) acquired from 80 medication-naive adults with ADHD and 123 matched healthy controls. We then used canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to identify latent relationships between symptoms and patterns of altered functional connectivity (dimensional biotype) in patients. Clustering methods were implemented to test if the individual associations between resting-state brain connectivity and symptoms reflected a non-overlapping categorical biotype.nnResultsAdults with ADHD showed stronger functional connectivity compared to healthy controls, predominantly between the default-mode, cingulo-opercular and subcortical networks. CCA identified a single mode of brain-symptom co-variation, corresponding to an ADHD dimensional biotype. This dimensional biotype is characterized by a unique combination of altered connectivity correlating with symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity, inattention, and intelligence. Clustering analyses did not support the existence of distinct categorical biotypes of adult ADHD.nnConclusionsOverall, our data advance a novel finding that the reduced functional segregation between default-mode and cognitive control networks supports a clinically important dimensional biotype of childhood-onset adult ADHD. Despite the heterogeneity of its presentation, our work suggests that childhood-onset adult ADHD is a single disorder characterized by dimensional brain-symptom mediators.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cocchi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zalesky, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lv, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perry, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tseng, W.-Y. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kundu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breakspear, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gau, S. S.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/190660</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Brain-behavior patterns define a dimensional biotype in medication-nai&#x0308;ve adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/193482v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic load and mutational meltdown in cancer cell populations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/193482v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ABSRACTLarge and non-recombining genomes are prone to accumulating deleterious mutations faster than natural selection can purge (Mullers ratchet). A possible consequence would then be the extinction of small populations. Relative to most single-cell organisms, cancer cells, with large and non-recombining genomes, could be particularly susceptible to such "mutational meltdown". Curiously, deleterious mutations in cancer cells are rarely noticed despite the strong signals in cancer genome sequences. Here, by monitoring single-cell clones from HeLa cell lines, we characterize deleterious mutations that retard cell proliferation. The main mutational events are copy number variations (CNVs), which happen at an extraordinarily high rate of 0.29 events per cell division. The average fitness reduction, estimated to be 18% per mutation, is also very high. HeLa cell populations therefore have very substantial genetic load and, at this level, natural population would likely experience mutational meltdown. We suspect that HeLa cell populations may avoid extinction only after the population size becomes large. Because CNVs are common in most cell lines and cancer tissues, the observations hint at cancer cells vulnerability, which could be exploited by therapeutic strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.-I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/193482</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic load and mutational meltdown in cancer cell populations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/195248v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Response to Qian et al (2017): Daily and seasonal climate variations are both critical in the evolution of species’ elevational range size 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/195248v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In their recent critique, Qian et al. (2017) claimed that the results of structural equation modeling analysis (SEM) in Chan et al. (2016) were flawed. Here, we show that the source of the difference in their re-analysis is that Qian et al. did not follow the standard, iterative process of SEM, which allows researchers to evaluate which model offers the best account of the data in both absolute and relative senses. Here, we provide step-by-step instructions to reproduce our published results. All of Qian et al.s concerns regarding SEM can be put to rest. Moreover, in our original paper we used three distinct statistical methods--hierarchical partitioning, SEM, and stationary bootstrap--to show that different temporal scales of environmental variability can differentially impact the elevational range size (ERS) of species. It is time to move on to probing the pressing issue of how and why climatic variability impacts ERS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chan, W.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, I.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colwell, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, C.-y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, S.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/195248</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Response to Qian et al (2017): Daily and seasonal climate variations are both critical in the evolution of species’ elevational range size]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/201731v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular evolutionary trends and feeding ecology diversification in the Hemiptera, anchored by the milkweed bug genome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/201731v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe Hemiptera (aphids, cicadas, and true bugs) are a key insect order, with high diversity for feeding ecology and excellent experimental tractability for molecular genetics. Building upon recent sequencing of hemipteran pests such as phloem-feeding aphids and blood-feeding bed bugs, we present the genome sequence and comparative analyses centered on the milkweed bug Oncopeltus fasciatus, a seed feeder of the family Lygaeidae.nnResultsThe 926-Mb Oncopeltus genome is well represented by the current assembly and official gene set. We use our genomic and RNA-seq data not only to characterize the protein-coding gene repertoire and perform isoform-specific RNAi, but also to elucidate patterns of molecular evolution and physiology. We find ongoing, lineage-specific expansion and diversification of repressive C2H2 zinc finger proteins. The discovery of intron gain and turnover specific to the Hemiptera also prompted evaluation of lineage and genome size as predictors of gene structure evolution. Furthermore, we identify enzymatic gains and losses that correlate with feeding biology, particularly for reductions associated with derived, fluid-nutrition feeding.nnConclusionsWith the milkweed bug, we now have a critical mass of sequenced species for a hemimetabolous insect order and close outgroup to the Holometabola, substantially improving the diversity of insect genomics. We thereby define commonalities among the Hemiptera and delve into how hemipteran genomes reflect distinct feeding ecologies. Given Oncopeltus's strength as an experimental model, these new sequence resources bolster the foundation for molecular research and highlight technical considerations for the analysis of medium-sized invertebrate genomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Panfilio, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vargas Jentzsch, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benoit, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erezyilmaz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suzuki, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colella, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robertson, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poelchau, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waterhouse, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ioannidis, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weirauch, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hughes, D. S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murali, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Werren, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacobs, C. G. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duncan, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armisen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vreede, B. M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baa-Puyoulet, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berger, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, C.-c.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, M.-J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Childers, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chipman, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cridge, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crumiere, A. J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dearden, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Didion, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dinh, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>doddapaneni, h.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dolan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dugan-Perez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Extavour, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Febvvay, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedrich, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ginzburg, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Y</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/201731</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular evolutionary trends and feeding ecology diversification in the Hemiptera, anchored by the milkweed bug genome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.12.874008v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Landscape structured by physical settings and benthic polychaete and avifauna habitat uses in a mangrove-vegetated estuary 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.12.874008v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mangrove expansion monopolizes estuarine landscapes by diminishing habitat diversity and hence biodiversity. Physical landcover types, including mangrove vegetation, influence polychaete and avifauna habitat uses. The connections between the physical to biota-associated landscapes warrant investigation. We determine how to best describe the landscape in a mangrove-vegetated wetland according to the physical, polychaete and bird domains and identify what physical attributes would affect the biota-associated landscapes. Differences among the physical and biota-associated landscapes were evaluated using multivariate ordination analyses. Six physical landcover types were aligned along elevation, inundation and sedimentary gradients. The polychaete-associated landscape was structured by three landcover types, mainly mangroves and tidal flats with intermediate and high inundation. Deposit-feeding spionid and nereid, carnivorous goniadid and suspension-feeding sabellid polychaetes depended on the different landcover types. Shorebirds occurred distinctively in tidal flats with large, open surface areas. Egrets characterized tidal flats and mangroves, and foliage and ground gleaners characterized mangroves. Open tidal flats are crucial to polychaetes, which are the main prey of shorebirds and are also important to egret foraging. Our results suggest that effective management strategies for conserving these migratory birds require the maintenance of open tidal flats in the landscape.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shih, S.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, T.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, H.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.12.874008</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Landscape structured by physical settings and benthic polychaete and avifauna habitat uses in a mangrove-vegetated estuary]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.19.877373v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Thermal cycling protects SH-SY5Y cells against hydrogen peroxide and  -amyloid-induced cell injury through stress response mechanisms involving Akt pathway 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.19.877373v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are becoming a major threat to public health, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The most common form of NDDs is Alzheimers disease (AD), boasting 60-70% share. Excessive aggregation of {beta}-amyloid protein (A{beta}) and neurofibrillary tangles has been deemed the major cause for the pathogenesis of AD. A growing number of evidences from studies, however, have suggested that reactive oxygen species (ROS) also play a key role in the onset and progression of AD. Although scientists have had some understanding of the pathogenesis of AD, the disease still cannot be cured, with existing treatment only capable of providing a temporary relief at best, partly due to the obstacle of blood-brain barrier (BBB). The study was aimed to ascertain the neuroprotective effect of thermal cycle hyperthermia (TC-HT) against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and A{beta}-induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Treating cells with this physical stimulation beforehand significantly improved the cell viability and decreased the ROS content. The underlying mechanisms were confirmed to be due to the activation of Akt pathway and the downstream antioxidant and prosurvival proteins. The findings manifest significant potential of TC-HT in neuroprotection, via inhibition of oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. It is believed that coupled with the use of drugs or natural compounds, this methodology can be even more effective in treating NDDs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, G.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, H.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.19.877373</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Thermal cycling protects SH-SY5Y cells against hydrogen peroxide and  -amyloid-induced cell injury through stress response mechanisms involving Akt pathway]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.20.883736v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A genomic view of coral-associated Prosthecochloris and a companion sulfate-reducing bacterium 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.20.883736v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Endolithic microbial symbionts in the coral skeleton may play a pivotal role in maintaining coral health. However, compared to aerobic microorganisms, research on the roles of endolithic anaerobic microorganisms and microbe-microbe interactions in the coral skeleton are still in their infancy. In our previous study, we showed that a group of coral-associated Prosthecochloris (CAP), a genus of anaerobic green sulfur bacteria, was dominant in the skeleton of the coral Isopora palifera. Though CAP is diverse, the 16S rRNA phylogeny presents it as a distinct clade separate from other free-living Prosthecochloris. In this study, we build on previous research and further characterize the genomic and metabolic traits of CAP by recovering two new near-complete CAP genomes--Candidatus Prosthecochloris isoporaea and Candidatus Prosthecochloris sp. N1--from coral Isopora palifera endolithic cultures. Genomic analysis revealed that these two CAP genomes have high genomic similarities compared with other Prosthecochloris and harbor several CAP-unique genes. Interestingly, different CAP species harbor various pigment synthesis and sulfur metabolism genes, indicating that individual CAPs can adapt to a diversity of coral microenvironments. A novel near-complete SRB genome--Candidatus Halodesulfovibrio lyudaonia--was also recovered from the same culture. The fact that CAP and various sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) co-exist in coral endolithic cultures and coral skeleton highlights the importance of SRB in the coral endolithic community. Based on functional genomic analysis of Ca. P. sp. N1 and Ca. H. lyudaonia, we also propose a syntrophic relationship between the SRB and CAP in the coral skeleton.

ImportanceLittle is known about the ecological roles of endolithic microbes in the coral skeleton; one potential role is as a nutrient source for their coral hosts. Here, we identified a close ecological relationship between CAP and SRB. Recovering novel near-complete CAP and SRB genomes from endolithic cultures in this study enabled us to understand the genomic and metabolic features of anaerobic endolithic bacteria in coral skeletons. These results demonstrate that CAP members with similar functions in carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen metabolisms harbor different light-harvesting components, suggesting that CAP in the skeleton adapts to niches with different light intensities. Our study highlights the potential ecological roles of CAP and SRB in coral skeletons and paves the way for future investigations into how coral endolithic communities will respond to environmental changes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tandon, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shih, C.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, S.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.20.883736</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A genomic view of coral-associated Prosthecochloris and a companion sulfate-reducing bacterium]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.30.891499v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effect of high frequency and low intensity pulsed electric field on protecting SH-SY5Y cells against hydrogen peroxide and β-amyloid-induced cell injury via ERK pathway 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.30.891499v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
As the most common type of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), Alzheimers disease (AD) is thought to be caused mainly by the excessive aggregation of {beta}-amyloid protein (A{beta}). However, a growing number of studies have found that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a key role in the onset and progression of AD. The present study aimed to probe the neuroprotective effect of high-frequency low-intensity pulsed electric field (H-LIPEF) for SH-SY5Y cells against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and A{beta}-induced cytotoxicity. By looking in a systematic way into the frequency- and amplitude-dependent neuroprotective effect of pulsed electric field (PEF), the study finds that H-LIPEF at 200 Hz produces the optimal protective effect for SH-SY5Y cells. The underlying mechanisms were confirmed to be due to the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway and the downstream prosurvival and antioxidant proteins. Because the electric field can be modified to focus on specific area in a non-contact manner, the study suggests that H-LIPEF holds great potential for treating NDDs, whose effect can be further augmented with the administering of drugs or natural compounds at the same time.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, G.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.30.891499</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effect of high frequency and low intensity pulsed electric field on protecting SH-SY5Y cells against hydrogen peroxide and β-amyloid-induced cell injury via ERK pathway]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.31.891614v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hyaluronic Acid on the Urokinase Sustained Release with a Hydrogel System Composed of Poloxamer 407: Enhanced Stability of Intracellular Interaction by Adding HA. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.31.891614v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pleural empyema is an inflammatory condition characterized by accumulation of pus inside the pleural cavity, which is usually followed by bacterial pneumonia. During the disease process, the pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokines in the purulent pleural effusion cause proliferation of fibroblasts and deposition of extracellular matrix, which lead to fibrin deposition and fibrothorax. Urokinase instillation therapy through a chest drainage tube is frequently used for fibrinolysis in patients with empyema. However, urokinase treatment requires multiple instillation (2-3 times per day, for 4-8 days) and easily flows out from the chest drainage tube due to its high water solubility. In this in vitro study, we developed a thermo-responsive hydrogel based on poloxamer 407 (P407) combined with hyaluronic acid (HA) for optimal loading and release of urokinase. Our results show that the addition of HA to poloxamer gels provides a significantly more compact microstructure, with smaller pore sizes (**p < 0.001). The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) profile revealed no influence on the micellization intensity of poloxamer gel by HA. The 25% poloxamer-based gel was significantly superior to the 23% poloxamer-based gel, with slower gel erosion when comparing the 16th hour residual gel weight of both gels (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.001). The 25% poloxamer-HA gel also exhibited a superior urokinase release profile and longer release time. A Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) study of the P407/HA hydrogel showed no chemical interactions between P407 and HA in the hydrogel system. The thermoresponsive P407/HA hydrogel may have a promising potential in the loading and delivery of hydrophilic drugs. On top of that, in vitro toxicity test of this combination demonstrates a lower toxicity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, H. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, W. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, T.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.31.891614</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hyaluronic Acid on the Urokinase Sustained Release with a Hydrogel System Composed of Poloxamer 407: Enhanced Stability of Intracellular Interaction by Adding HA.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.06.896746v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Long-term warming weakens stabilizing effects of biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.06.896746v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite the consensus that warming will affect biodiversity, alter physicochemical environments, and disrupt biological interactions, the relative importance of these key processes and how they interact to determine overall ecosystem function is poorly understood. Here, we analyze long-term (16[~]39 years) time series data from ten aquatic ecosystems and use convergent cross mapping (CCM) to quantify the hidden causal network linking species diversity, ecosystem function, and physicochemical factors. We observe that aquatic ecosystems subject to stronger warming exhibit decreased stability (larger fluctuations in phytoplankton biomass). We further show that this effect can be attributed to a weakening of stabilizing causal pathways between biodiversity, nutrient cycling, and phytoplankton biomass. Thus, rather than thinking in terms of separate factors, a more holistic view, that causally links biodiversity and the other ecosystem components, is required to understand and predict climate impacts on the temporal stability of aquatic ecosystems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chang, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miki, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deyle, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Souissi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anneville, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adrian, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, Y.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ichise, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumagai, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matsuzaki, S.-i. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shiah, F.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, C.-h.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sugihara, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.06.896746</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Long-term warming weakens stabilizing effects of biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.12.903427v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The fate of standing variation and new mutation under climate change 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.12.903427v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many species face existence threat under anthropogenic climate change, and standing genetic variation was proposed as a way for sessile species to adapt to novel environments. However, it is still unknown whether standing genetic variants, being adaptive to current environmental variability, are sufficient to guarantee future survival. Here we investigate the relative importance of standing variation versus new mutations from the past to infer their future fate in nature. In the wild banana species Musa itinerans where the Taiwanese populations were ancient immigrants from the Chinese populations, new mutations exert larger effect size in precipitation-related variables, where Taiwan contains extreme environments beyond the ancestral climatic range, and new alleles have stronger association with novel environments. For temperature-related variables where Taiwan is within the ancestral climatic range, standing variants are more important than new mutations. The effect sizes of adaptive variants therefore differ under distinct environmental pressures, supporting theoretical predictions that natural selection favors new mutations with larger effect sizes in novel environments where the population is far from the adaptive peak. Despite their importance, large-effect variants also have higher mismatch and may be more vulnerable to future environmental perturbation, leaving minor-effect variants the main source of adaptive response to rapid anthropogenic climate change. Our work provides a support in natural environment to the previous conclusions from theoretical modeling and microbial experiments in well-controlled lab conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lu, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.12.903427</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The fate of standing variation and new mutation under climate change]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.15.908194v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Macrofaunal Diversity and Community Structure of the DeSoto Canyon and Adjacent Slope 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.15.908194v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Macrofauna within the DeSoto Canyon, northern Gulf of Mexico (GOM), along the canyon wall and axis, and on the adjacent slope, were sampled along with sediment, terrain, and water mass parameters. Within the canyon, abundance and species richness decreased with depth, while evenness increased. Cluster analysis identified three depth-related groups within the canyon that conformed to previously established bathymetric boundaries: stations at 464 - 485 m, 669 - 1834 m, and > 2000 m. Abundance differed between depth groups. Species richness was lowest for the deepest group and evenness was lowest for the shallowest. Community structure within the canyon most related to fluorometry and oxygen saturation, combined with any of salinity, particulate organic carbon, sediment organic carbon, or slope.

Canyon wall abundances were higher than the canyon axis or adjacent slope. Community structure differed between all three habitat types. Ordination of community structure suggests a longitudinal pattern that potentially tracks with increasing sea-surface chlorophyll that occurs in the eastward direction across the northern GOM. Canyon and slope differences may result from seasonal water masses entrained by canyon topography characterized by high salinity, oxygen saturation, fluorometry, and turbidity. Higher fluorescence and turbidity in the canyon did not translate into higher sediment organic matter. Flushing along canyon wall channels and the canyon axis may explain the low organic matter. Differences in abundance and structure between the canyon wall and axis may result from microhabitat heterogeneity due to potential hydrocarbon seepage, organically enriched sediment deposits along channels, or remnant influence from the Deepwater Horizon blowout.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shantharam, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baco, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.15.908194</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Macrofaunal Diversity and Community Structure of the DeSoto Canyon and Adjacent Slope]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.20.912097v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The effects of seasonal climate variability on dengueannual incidence in Hong Kong: A modellingstudy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.20.912097v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In recent years, dengue has been rapidly spreading and growing in the tropics and subtropics. Located in southern China, Hong Kongs subtropical monsoon climate may favour dengue vector populations and increase the chance of disease transmissions during the rainy summer season. An increase in local dengue incidence has been observed in Hong Kong ever since the first case in 2002, with an outbreak reaching historically high case numbers in 2018. However, the effects of seasonal climate variability on recent outbreaks are unknown. As the local cases were found to be spatially clustered, we developed a Poisson generalized linear mixed model using pre-summer monthly total rainfall and mean temperature to predict annual dengue incidence (the majority of local cases occur during or after the summer months), over the period 2002-2018 in three pre-defined areas of Hong Kong. Using leave-one-out cross-validation, 5 out of 6 observations of area-specific outbreaks during the major outbreak years 2002 and 2018 were able to be predicted. 42 out of a total of 51 observations (82.4%) were within the 95% confidence interval of the annual incidence predicted by our model. Our study found that the rainfall before and during the East Asian monsoon (pre-summer) rainy season is negatively correlated with the annual incidence in Hong Kong while the temperature is positively correlated. Hence, as mosquito control measures in Hong Kong are intensified mainly when heavy rainfalls occur during or close to summer, our study suggests that a lower-than-average intensity of pre-summer rainfall should also be taken into account as an indicator of increased dengue risk.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yuan, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, P.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sucipto, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsegaye, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, T.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pfeiffer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pfeiffer, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.20.912097</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The effects of seasonal climate variability on dengueannual incidence in Hong Kong: A modellingstudy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.23.916718v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dietary supplementation with PUFAs rescues the eggshell defects caused by seipin mutations in C. elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.23.916718v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SEIPIN, an ER membrane protein, plays critical roles in lipid droplet (LD) formation and lipid storage. Dysfunction of SEIPIN causes a variety of human diseases, including lipodystrophy, neuropathies, and male and female infertility. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of SEIPIN in causing these diseases are poorly understood. To address such mechanisms, we investigated the functional roles of R01B10.6 (seip-1), the sole SEIPIN1 ortholog in C. elegans, using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, and transcriptional assays. SEIP-1::mScarlet is widely expressed throughout development in C. elegans. Three full gene deletion mutants, generated by CRISPR/Cas9, displayed penetrant embryonic lethality. EM imaging and the visualization of reporter genes revealed that the lipid-rich permeability barrier, the innermost layer of the C. elegans embryonic eggshell, was defective or missing. Intriguingly, depletion of SEIP-1 revealed a perturbed gene expression pattern for fatty acid biosynthesis enzymes, in agreement with the disrupted permeability barrier formation phenotype of the embryos. Lastly, dietary supplementation of PUFAs rescued the embryonic lethality and defective permeability barrier in the deletion mutants. In sum, our study suggests that SEIP-1 may maternally regulate LD biogenesis and maintain lipid homeostasis to orchestrate the formation of the lipid-rich permeability barrier, which is crucial for eggshell formation and embryogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bai, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, L.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nebenfuehr, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wysolmerski, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olson, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golden, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.23.916718</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dietary supplementation with PUFAs rescues the eggshell defects caused by seipin mutations in C. elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.01.928515v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An allometric scaling approach to estimate epiphytic bryophyte biomass in tropical montane cloud forests 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.01.928515v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Epiphytic bryophytes (EB) are some of the most commonly found plant species in tropical montane cloud forests, and they play a disproportionate role in influencing the terrestrial hydrological and nutrient cycles. However, it is difficult to estimate the abundance of EB due to the nature of their "epiphytic" habitat. This study proposes an allometric scaling approach to measure EB biomass, implemented in 16,773 ha tropical montane cloud forests of northeastern Taiwan. A general allometry was developed to estimate EB biomass of 100 cm2 circular-shaped mats (n = 131) and their central depths. A point-intercept instrument was invented to measure the depths of EB along tree trunks (n = 210) below 3-m from the ground level (sampled stem surface area [SSA]) in twenty-one 30 x 30 m plots. Biomass of EB of each point measure was derived using the general allometry and was aggregated across each SSA, and its performance was evaluated. Total EB biomass of a tree was estimated by referring to an in-situ conversion model and was interpolated for all trees in the plots (n = 1451). Finally, we assessed EB biomass density at the plot scale and preliminarily estimated EB biomass of the study region. The general EB biomass-depth allometry showed that the depth of an EB mat was a salient variable for biomass estimation (R2 = 0.72, p < 0.001). The performance of upscaling from mats to SSA was satisfactory, which allowed us to further estimate mean ({+/-} standard deviation) EB biomass of the 21 plots (272 {+/-} 104 kg ha-1) and to provide preliminary estimation of the total EB biomass of 4562 Mg for the study region. Since a significant relationship between tree size and EB abundance is commonly found, regional EB biomass may be mapped by integrating our method and three-dimensional airborne data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lai, G.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, C.-y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.01.928515</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An allometric scaling approach to estimate epiphytic bryophyte biomass in tropical montane cloud forests]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.01.930198v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reciprocal transplant experiment in lakes with disparate trophic states show resolution dependent partial functional redundancy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.01.930198v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbial communities are considered to be functionally redundant, but few studies have tested this hypothesis empirically. In this study, we performed an in situ reciprocal transplant experiment on the surface and bottom waters of two lakes with disparate trophic states and tracked changes in their microbial community and functional attributes for 6 weeks using high-throughput sequencing and functional approaches. The communities from both lakes were resistant to changes in composition after the reciprocal transplant, but their functions tended to become similar to the incubating lakes functional profiles. A significant linear positive relationship was observed between the microbial community and functional attributes, though with varying scales of similarity, suggesting partial functional redundancy. Furthermore, the entropy-based L-divergence measure quantified the scale of partial functional redundancy in the lakes surface and bottom waters. This study establishes and quantifies the scale of partial functional redundancy in the freshwater ecosystem through empirical investigation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tandon, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wan, M.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baatar, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiu, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, J.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, S.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.01.930198</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reciprocal transplant experiment in lakes with disparate trophic states show resolution dependent partial functional redundancy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.02.929901v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Non-canonical regulation of glycogenolysis and the Warburg phenotype by soluble adenylyl cyclase 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.02.929901v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cyclic AMP is produced in cells by two very different types of adenylyl cyclases: the canonical transmembrane adenylyl cyclases (tmACs, ADCY1[~]9) and the evolutionarily more conserved soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC, ADCY10). While the role and regulation of tmACs is well documented, much less is known of sAC in cellular metabolism. We demonstrate here that sAC is an acute regulator of glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation and glycogen metabolism, tuning their relative bioenergetic contributions. Suppression of sAC activity leads to aerobic glycolysis, enhanced glycogenolysis, decreased oxidative phosphorylation, and an elevated cytosolic NADH/NAD+ ratio, resembling the Warburg phenotype. Importantly, we found that glycogen metabolism is regulated in opposite directions by cAMP depending on its location of synthesis and downstream effectors. While the canonical tmAC-cAMP-PKA axis promotes glycogenolysis, we identify a novel sAC-cAMP-Epac1 axis that suppresses glycogenolysis. These data suggest that sAC is an autonomous bioenergetic sensor that suppresses aerobic glycolysis and glycogenolysis when ATP levels suffice. When the ATP level falls, diminished sAC activity induces glycogenolysis and aerobic glycolysis to maintain energy homeostasis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chang, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Go, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilglioni, E. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, H.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levin, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buck, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verhoeven, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oude Elferink, R. P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.02.929901</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Non-canonical regulation of glycogenolysis and the Warburg phenotype by soluble adenylyl cyclase]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.03.931899v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Categorizing SHR and WKY rats by chi2 algorithm and decision tree 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.03.931899v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the past two decades neuroscience has offered many popular methods for the analysis of mental disorder, such as seed-based analysis, ICA, and graph methods. They are widely used in the study of brain network. We offer a new procedure that can simplify the analysis and has a high ROC index over 0.9. This method uses the graph theory to build a connectivity network, which is characterized by degrees and measures the number of effective links for each voxel. When the degree is ranked from low to high, the network equation can be fit by the power-law distribution. It has been proposed that distinct and yet robust exponents of the power law can differentiate human behavior. Using the mentally disordered SHR and WKY rats as samples, we employ chi2 algorithm and Decision Tree to classify different states of mental disorder by analyzing different traits in degree of connectivity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tsai, P.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, T.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, T.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.03.931899</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Categorizing SHR and WKY rats by chi2 algorithm and decision tree]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.11.943910v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Excessive O-GlcNAcylation causes heart failure and sudden death 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.11.943910v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundHeart failure is a leading cause of death worldwide and is associated with the rising prevalence of obesity, hypertension and diabetes. O-GlcNAcylation, a post-translational modification of intracellular proteins, serves as a potent transducer of cellular stress. Failing myocardium is marked by increased O-GlcNAcylation, but it is unknown if excessive O-GlcNAcylation contributes to cardiomyopathy and heart failure. The total levels of O-GlcNAcylation are determined by nutrient and metabolic flux, in addition to the net activity of two enzymes, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA).

MethodsWe developed two new transgenic mouse models with myocardial overexpression of OGT and OGA to control O-GlcNAclyation independent of pathological stress.

ResultsWe found that OGT transgenic hearts showed increased O-GlcNAcylation, and developed severe dilated cardiomyopathy, ventricular arrhythmias and premature death. In contrast, OGA transgenic hearts had O-GlcNAcylation and cardiac function similar to wild type littermate controls. However, OGA trangenic hearts were resistant to pathological stress induced by pressure overload and had attenuated myocardial O-GlcNAcylation levels, decreased pathological hypertrophy and improved systolic function. Interbreeding OGT with OGA transgenic mice rescued cardiomyopathy and premature death despite persistant elevation of myocardial OGT. Transcriptomic and functional studies revealed disrupted mitochondrial energetics with impairment of complex I activity in hearts from OGT transgenic mice. Complex I activity was rescued by OGA transgenic interbreeding, suggesting an important role for mitochondrial complex I in O-GlcNAc mediated cardiac pathology.

ConclusionsOur data provide evidence that excessive O-GlcNAcylation causes cardiomyopathy, at least in part, due to defective energetics. Enhanced OGA activity is well tolerated and attenuation of O-GlcNAcylation is an effective therapy against pressure overload induced heart failure. Attenuation of excessive O-GlcNAcylation may represent a novel therapeutic approach for cardiomyopathy.

Clinical PerspectiveO_ST_ABSWhat is new?C_ST_ABSO_LICardiomyopathy from diverse causes is marked by increased O-GlcNAcylation. Here we provide new genetic mouse models to control myocardial O-GlcNAcylation independent of pathological stress.
C_LIO_LIGenetically increased myocardial O-GlcNAcylation causes progressive dilated cardiomyopathy and premature death, while genetic reduction of myocardial O-GlcNAcylation is protective against pathological hypertrophy caused by transaortic banding.
C_LIO_LIExcessive myocardial O-GlcNAcylation decreases activity and expression of mitochondrial complex I.
C_LI

What are the clinical implications?O_LIIncreased myocardial O-GlcNAcylation has been shown to be associated with a diverse range of clinical heart failure including aortic stenosis, hypertension, ischemia and diabetes.
C_LIO_LIUsing novel genetic mouse models we have provided new proof of concept data that excessive O-GlcNAcylation is sufficient to cause cardiomyopathy.
C_LIO_LIWe have shown myocardial over-expression of O-GlcNAcase, an enzyme that reverses O-GlcNAcylation, is well tolerated at baseline, and improves myocardial responses to pathological stress.
C_LIO_LIOur findings suggest reversing excessive myocardial O-GlcNAcylation could benefit diverse etiologies of heart failure.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Umapathi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banerjee, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zachara, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abrol, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mesubi, O. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luczak, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Granger, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, A.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reyes Gaido, O. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Florea, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Talbot, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hart, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.11.943910</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Excessive O-GlcNAcylation causes heart failure and sudden death]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.12.946723v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Predicting molecular subtypes of breast cancer using pathological images by deep convolutional neural network from public dataset 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.12.946723v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Breast cancer is a heterogeneously complex disease. A number of molecular subtypes with distinct biological features lead to different treatment responses and clinical outcomes. Traditionally, breast cancer is classified into subtypes based on gene expression profiles; these subtypes include luminal A, luminal B, basal like, HER2-enriched, and normal-like breast cancer. This molecular taxonomy, however, could only be appraised through transcriptome analyses. Our study applies deep convolutional neural networks and transfer learning from three pre-trained models, namely ResNet50, InceptionV3 and VGG16, for classifying molecular subtypes of breast cancer using TCGA-BRCA dataset. We used 20 whole slide pathological images for each breast cancer subtype. The results showed that our scale training reached about 78% of accuracy for validation. This outcomes suggested that classification of molecular subtypes of breast cancer by pathological images are feasible and could provide reliable results
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Phan, N. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuang, E. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.12.946723</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Predicting molecular subtypes of breast cancer using pathological images by deep convolutional neural network from public dataset]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.13.947564v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mitochondrial CaMKII causes metabolic reprogramming, energetic insufficiency, and dilated cardiomyopathy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.13.947564v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite the clear association between myocardial injury, heart failure and depressed myocardial energetics, little is known about upstream signals responsible for remodeling myocardial metabolism after pathological stress. We found increased mitochondrial calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) activation and left ventricular dilation in mice one week after myocardial infarction (MI) surgery. In contrast, mice with genetic mitochondrial CaMKII inhibition were protected from left ventricular dilation and dysfunction after MI. Mice with myocardial and mitochondrial CaMKII over-expression (mtCaMKII) had severe dilated cardiomyopathy and decreased ATP that caused elevated cytoplasmic resting (diastolic) Ca2+ concentration and reduced mechanical performance. We mapped a metabolic pathway that allowed us to rescue disease phenotypes in mtCaMKII mice, providing new insights into physiological and pathological metabolic consequences of CaMKII signaling in mitochondria. Our findings suggest myocardial dilation, a disease phenotype lacking specific therapies, can be prevented by targeted replacement of mitochondrial creatine kinase, or mitochondrial-targeted CaMKII inhibition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Luczak, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Granger, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joiner, M.-l. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Umapathi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reyes Gaido, O. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sabet, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corradini, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heck, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, A.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiss, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.13.947564</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mitochondrial CaMKII causes metabolic reprogramming, energetic insufficiency, and dilated cardiomyopathy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.18.953554v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
G protein-Coupled Receptor Distribution Impacts the Effectiveness of Signal Transmission. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.18.953554v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Numbers of activated receptor dictate efficacy of neurotransmitter stimulation. Many PLC coupled receptors activated by ligands elicit canonical downstream Gq/11 pathway to induce endogenous Ca2+ gated chloride channels. The coupling from receptors to effectors was analyzed in Xenopus oocytes expressing genetically modified angiotensin receptor type 1 receptor (AT1R). The latency between ATII binding and Ca2+-induced Cl- current surge was inversely correlated. AT1R activation triggered a chain of chemical reactions, of which the products were playing messengers for subsequent events. Messenger accumulation must rate-limit the agonism. For accurate quantification the speed of ATII triggered the i Cl-. The T-form AT1R-IRK1 fusion exhibits faster induction compared to the M-form. The latency of the recorded none vanished i Cl-, marking the lowest genuine calcium activation, took place at earlier time point by the timer time. The evoked i Cl- however reached similar maximal amplitudes. This kinetic effect raises the possibility to use temporal coding to complement amplitude coding (analogous to FM versus AM radio transmission) for receptor-agonist pairs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chou, M.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuang, H.-h.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.18.953554</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[G protein-Coupled Receptor Distribution Impacts the Effectiveness of Signal Transmission.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.21.959452v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systematic functional analysis of Rab GTPasesreveals limits of neuronal robustness in Drosophila 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.21.959452v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rab GTPases are molecular switches that regulate membrane trafficking in all cells. Neurons have particular demands on membrane trafficking and express numerous Rab GTPases of unknown function. Here we report the generation and characterization of molecularly defined null mutants for all 26 rab genes in Drosophila. In addition, we created a transgenic fly collection for the acute, synchronous release system RUSH for all 26 Rabs. In flies, all rab genes are expressed in the nervous system where at least half exhibit particularly high levels compared to other tissues. Surprisingly, loss of any of these 13 nervous-system enriched Rabs yields viable and fertile flies without obvious morphological defects. However, 9 of these 13 affect either developmental timing when challenged with different temperatures, or neuronal function when challenged with continuous stimulation. These defects are non-lethal under laboratory conditions, but represent sensitized genetic backgrounds that reveal limits of developmental and functional robustness to environmental challenges. Interestingly, the neuronal rab26 was previously proposed to function in synaptic maintenance by linking autophagy and synaptic vesicle recycling and we identified rab26 as one of six rab mutants with reduced synaptic function under continuous stimulation conditions. However, we found no changes to autophagy or synaptic vesicle markers in the rab26 mutant, but instead a cell-specific role in membrane receptor turnover associated with cholinergic synapses in the fly visual system. Our systematic functional analyses suggest that several Rabs ensure robust development and function under varying environmental conditions. The mutant and transgenic fly collections generated in this study provide a basis for further studies of Rabs during development and homeostasis in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kohrs, F. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daumann, I.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pavlovic, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, S.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Port, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiral, F. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolfenberg, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathejczyk, T. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boutros, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hiesinger, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.21.959452</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systematic functional analysis of Rab GTPasesreveals limits of neuronal robustness in Drosophila]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.26.939405v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Heteroplasmy variability in individuals with biparentally inherited mitochondrial DNA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.26.939405v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
With very few exceptions, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in humans is transmitted exclusively from mothers to their offspring, suggesting the presence of a strong evolutionary pressure favoring the exclusion of paternal mtDNA. We have recently shown strong evidence of paternal mtDNA transmission. In these rare situations, males exhibiting biparental mtDNA appear to be limited to transmitting just one of the mtDNA species to their offspring, while females possessing biparental mtDNA populations consistently transmit both populations to their offspring at a very similar heteroplasmy level. The precise biological and genetic factors underlying this unusual transmission event remain unclear. Here, we have examined heteroplasmy levels in various tissues among individuals with biparental inheritance. Our results indicate that individuals with biparental mtDNA have remarkable inter-tissue variability in heteroplasmy level. At the single-cell level, paternal mtDNA heteroplasmy in sperm varies dramatically, and many sperm possess only one of the two mtDNA populations originally in question. These results show a fundamental, parent-of-origin difference in how mtDNA molecules transmit and propagate. This helps explain how a single population of mtDNAs are transmitted from a father possessing two populations of mtDNA molecules, suggesting that some mtDNA populations may be favored over others when transmitted from the father.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Slone, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmitt, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bromwell, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chien, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwu, W.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, P.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, N.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, L.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.26.939405</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Heteroplasmy variability in individuals with biparentally inherited mitochondrial DNA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.27.012625v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Redirected tropisms of extracellular vesicles and exomeres yield distinct biodistribution profiles 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.27.012625v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Extracellular particles (EP) including extracellular vesicles (EVs) and exomeres have been shown to play significant roles in diseases and therapeutic applications. However, their spatiotemporal dynamics in vivo have remained largely unresolved in detail due to the lack of a suitable method. We therefore created a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based reporter, PalmGRET, to enable pan-EP labelling ranging from exomeres (< 50 nm) to small (< 200 nm) and medium and large (> 200 nm) EVs. PalmGRET emits robust, sustained signals and allows the visualization, tracking and quantification of the EPs from whole-animal to nanoscopic resolutions under different imaging modalities, including bioluminescence, BRET and fluorescence. Using PalmGRET, we show that EPs released by lung metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) exhibit lung tropism with varying distributions to other major organs in immunocompetent mice. We further demonstrate that gene knockdown of lung-tropic membrane proteins, solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1 (Slco2a1), alanine aminopeptidase (Cd13) and chloride intracellular channel (Clic1) decreases HCC-EP distribution to the lungs and yields distinct biodistribution profiles. We anticipate that EP-specific imaging, quantitative assays and detailed in vivo characterization to be a starting point for more accurate and comprehensive in vivo models of EP biology and therapeutic design.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, A. Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sung, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chou, S. T.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chien, J. C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ko, J. J.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuang, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, M.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ericsson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, W.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheung, C. H. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juan, H.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ueda, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, C. P.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.27.012625</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Redirected tropisms of extracellular vesicles and exomeres yield distinct biodistribution profiles]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.30.015271v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A multiplexed bioluminescent reporter for sensitive and non-invasive tracking of DNA double strand break repair dynamics in vitro and in vivo 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.30.015271v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tracking DNA double strand break (DSB) repair is paramount for the understanding and therapeutic development of various diseases including cancers. Herein, we describe a multiplexed bioluminescent repair reporter (BLRR) for non-invasive monitoring of DSB repair pathways in living cells and animals. The BLRR approach employs secreted Gaussia and Vargula luciferases to simultaneously detect homology-directed repair (HDR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), respectively. BLRR data are consistent with next-generation sequencing results for reporting HDR (R2 = 0.9722) and NHEJ (R2 = 0.919) events. Moreover, BLRR analysis allows longitudinal tracking of HDR and NHEJ activities in cells, and enables detection of DSB repairs in xenografted tumours in vivo. Using the BLRR system, we observed a significant difference in the efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing with guide RNAs only 1-10 bp apart. Moreover, BLRR analysis detected altered dynamics for DSB repair induced by small-molecule modulators. Finally, we discovered HDR-suppressing functions of anticancer cardiac glycosides in human glioblastomas and glioma cancer stem-like cells via inhibition of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51). The BLRR method provides a highly sensitive platform to simultaneously and longitudinally track HDR and NHEJ dynamics that is sufficiently versatile for elucidating the physiology and therapeutic development of DSB repair.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chien, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tabet, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinkham, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>da Hora, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Badr, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.30.015271</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A multiplexed bioluminescent reporter for sensitive and non-invasive tracking of DNA double strand break repair dynamics in vitro and in vivo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.30.016196v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Prediction and discrimination of skeletal muscle function by bioelectrical impedance vector analysis using a standing impedance analyzer in healthy Taiwanese adults 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.30.016196v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundBioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) has been used for prediction of muscle performance. However, little is known about BIVA in Asian adults, and even less is known about using standing BIVA devices. Standing impedance analyzer allows quicker and more convenient way to gather data than conventional supine analyzer and is more suitable for clinical practice. This study aimed to investigate the relations between muscle function and BIVA parameters measured with a standing impedance analyzer in healthy Taiwanese adults.

MethodsA total of 406 healthy subjects (age 34.5 {+/-} 17.3 years, body mass index 24.1 {+/-} 4.1 kg/m2) were recruited for BIVA and handgrip strength (HGS) measurements. Impedance parameters, including resistance (R) and reactance (Xc), were measured and normalized to body size by dividing by height (H). The resulting phase angle (PhA) was calculated. HGS in the dominant, left, and right hands were referred to as HGSDH, HGSLH, and HGSRH, respectively. All subjects were divided into 5 grades according to HGS.

ResultsMuscle strength in the dominant, right, and left arms was correlated with variables in the order of sex, weight, age, height, Xc/H, and R/H (all, p < 0.001). Using all 6 variables, the determination coefficients were 0.792, 0.782, and 0.745, respectively, whereas the standard errors of estimates were 56.89, 58.01, and 56.67 N for HGSDH, HGSLH, and HGSRH, respectively. HGS was positively correlated with PhA, and negatively correlated with Xc/H and R/H.

ConclusionsBIVA parameters measured with a standing impedance analyzer and anthropometric variables can predict and discriminate muscle function with good performance in healthy Asian adults.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, L.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, H.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, L.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, K.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.30.016196</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Prediction and discrimination of skeletal muscle function by bioelectrical impedance vector analysis using a standing impedance analyzer in healthy Taiwanese adults]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.12.038554v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The origin and underlying driving forces of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.12.038554v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The spread of SARS-CoV-2 since December 2019 has become a pandemic and impacted many aspects of human society. Here, we analyzed genetic variation of SARS-CoV-2 and its related coronavirus and found the evidence of intergenomic recombination. After correction for mutational bias, analysis of 137 SARS-CoV-2 genomes as of 2/23/2020 revealed the excess of low frequency mutations on both synonymous and nonsynonymous sites which is consistent with recent origin of the virus. In contrast to adaptive evolution previously reported for SARS-CoV in its brief epidemic in 2003, our analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genomes shows signs of relaxation of selection. The sequence similarity of the spike receptor binding domain between SARS-CoV-2 and a sequence from pangolin is probably due to an ancient intergenomic introgression. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 might have cryptically circulated within humans for years before being recently noticed. Data from the early outbreak and hospital archives are needed to trace its evolutionary path and reveal critical steps required for effective spreading. Two mutations, 84S in orf8 protein and 251V in orf3 protein, occurred coincidentally with human intervention. The 84S first appeared on 1/5/2020 and reached a plateau around 1/23/2020, the lockdown of Wuhan. 251V emerged on 1/21/2020 and rapidly increased its frequency. Thus, the roles of these mutations on infectivity need to be elucidated. Genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 collected from China was two time higher than those derived from the rest of the world. In addition, in network analysis, haplotypes collected from Wuhan city were at interior and have more mutational connections, both of which are consistent with the observation that the outbreak of cov-19 was originated from China.

SUMMARYIn contrast to adaptive evolution previously reported for SARS-CoV in its brief epidemic, our analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genomes shows signs of relaxation of selection. The sequence similarity of the spike receptor binding domain between SARS-CoV-2 and a sequence from pangolin is probably due to an ancient intergenomic introgression. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 might have cryptically circulated within humans for years before being recently noticed. Data from the early outbreak and hospital archives are needed to trace its evolutionary path and reveal critical steps required for effective spreading. Two mutations, 84S in orf8 protein and 251V in orf3 protein, occurred coincidentally with human intervention. The 84S first appeared on 1/5/2020 and reached a plateau around 1/23/2020, the lockdown of Wuhan. 251V emerged on 1/21/2020 and rapidly increased its frequency. Thus, the roles of these mutations on infectivity need to be elucidated.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chaw, S.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tai, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, P.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.12.038554</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The origin and underlying driving forces of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.15.042309v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of a Novel Picorna-like Virus in Coconut Rhinoceros Beetles (Oryctes rhinoceros). 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.15.042309v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A novel Picorna-like virus, tentatively named Oryctes rhinoceros Picorna-like virus 1 (OrPV1), was identified in coconut rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros) larvae in Taiwan. The complete genome sequence consisted of 9,665 nucleotides with a polyA tail and included one open reading frame. Conserved structural domains such as Picornavirus capsid protein, RNA helicase, Peptidase and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) were identified through Pfam domain searches. The genome shares approximately 28% identity with other unclassified picornavirals that infect honey bees (Darwin bee virus 2, Bundaberg bee virus 5, and Sacbrood virus) and a recently reported virus from Asian lady beetle (Harmonia axyridis virus 1). We did not detect this virus in any other geographical populations of O. rhinoceros collected from the South Pacific Islands and the Philippines. Analysis of the deduced RdRp amino acid sequences showed that the virus clustered with other Picorna-like viruses and separated from other members of family Dicistroviridae and Iflaviridae.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Etebari, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shelomi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furlong, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.15.042309</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of a Novel Picorna-like Virus in Coconut Rhinoceros Beetles (Oryctes rhinoceros).]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.22.055152v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Zinc oxide nanoparticles modulate the gene expression of ZnT1 and ZIP8 to manipulate zinc homeostasis and stress-induced cytotoxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.22.055152v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Zinc ions (Zn2+) are important messenger molecules involved in various physiological functions. To maintain the homeostasis of cytosolic Zn2+ concentration ([Zn2+]c), Zrt/Irt-related proteins (ZIPs) and Zn2+ transporters (ZnTs) are the two families of proteins responsible for decreasing and increasing the [Zn2+]c, respectively, by fluxing Zn2+ across the membranes of the cell and intracellular compartments in opposite directions. Most studies focus on the cytotoxicity incurred by a high concentration of [Zn2+]c and less investigate the [Zn2+]c at physiological levels. Zinc oxide-nanoparticle (ZnO-NP) is blood brain barrier-permeable and elevates the [Zn2+]c to different levels according to the concentrations of ZnO-NP applied. In this study, we mildly elevated the [Zn2+]c by zinc oxide-nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) at concentrations below 1 g/ml, which had little cytotoxicity, in cultured human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and characterized the importance of Zn2+ transporters in 6-hydroxy dopamine (6-OHDA)-induced cell death. The results show that ZnO-NP at low concentrations elevated the [Zn2+]c transiently in 6 hr, then declined gradually to a basal level in 24 hr. Knocking down the expression levels of ZnT1 (mostly at the plasma membrane) and ZIP8 (present in endosomes and lysosomes) increased and decreased the ZnO-NP-induced elevation of [Zn2+]c, respectively. ZnO-NP treatment reduced the basal levels of reactive oxygen species and Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA ratios; in addition, ZnO-NP decreased the 6-OHDA-induced ROS production, p53 expression, and cell death. Therefore, mild elevations in [Zn2+]c induced by ZnO-NP activate beneficial effects in reducing the 6-OHDA-induced cytotoxic effects. Therefore, brain-delivery of ZnO-NP can be regarded as a potential therapy for neurological disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pan, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, F.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kao, L.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, P.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.22.055152</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Zinc oxide nanoparticles modulate the gene expression of ZnT1 and ZIP8 to manipulate zinc homeostasis and stress-induced cytotoxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.22.056796v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Circulating microRNA-762 upregulates colorectal cancer might through Wnt-1/b-catenin signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.22.056796v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundA number of microRNAs (miRNAs) have been demonstrated to be correlated with the diagnosis, progression and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the key miRNAs and the associated signaling pathways that regulate the growth and metastasis of CRC remain unclear.

MethodsThe circulating miRNAs from BALB/c mice with CRC CT26 cell implantation were assayed by microarray. Then, mmu-miR-762 mimic and inhibitor were transfected to CT26 cells for analysis of cell viability, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell cycle, and regulatory molecule expression. Human subjects were included for comparison the circulating has-miR-762 levels in CRC patients and control donors, as well as the patients with and without distant metastasis.

ResultsThe miRNA levels in mice with CRC cell implantation indicated that plasma mmu-miR-762 was upregulated. Transfection of mmu-miR-762 mimic to CT26 cells increased cell viability, invasion, and EMT, whereas transfection of mmu-miR-762 inhibitor decreased the above abilities. Cells treated with high-concentration mmu-miR-762 inhibitor induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. Western blot analysis showed that mmu-miR-762 mimic transfection upregulated the expression of Wnt-1 and {beta}-catenin. Further analysis was performed to demonstrate the correlation of has-miR-762 with CRC patients. The results showed that serum has-miR-762 levels in CRC patients were higher than in control donors. Among the CRC patients, patients with distant metastasis showed higher serum has-miR-762 levels than patients without distant metastasis.

ConclusionsThe present study demonstrated that circulating miR-762 might be a biomarker with upregulation of CRC cell growth and invasion through the Wnt/{beta}-catenin signaling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lai, P.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, W.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, H.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.22.056796</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Circulating microRNA-762 upregulates colorectal cancer might through Wnt-1/b-catenin signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.27.064360v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mind Wandering in Sensory Cortices 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.27.064360v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mind wandering contains rich phenomenology as we experience moment by moment, however, such linkage between our subjective experiences and the underlying neural mechanism has been missing in the literature. Here we report that the sensory contents of mind wandering recruit corresponding sensory cortices, serving as the neural bases of the sensory contents in mind wandering.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hung, S.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, P.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.27.064360</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mind Wandering in Sensory Cortices]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.29.067918v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Toward the pathogenicity of the SLC26A4 p.C565Y variant using a genetically driven mouse model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.29.067918v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recessive variants of the SLC26A4 gene are a common cause of hearing impairment worldwide. In the past, cell lines and transgenic mice have been widely used to investigate the pathogenicity associated with the SLC26A4 variants. However, discrepancies in the pathogenicity between humans and cell lines or transgenic mice have been documented for some of the SLC26A4 variants. For instance, the p.C565Y variant, which has been reported to be pathogenic in humans, did not exhibit functional pathogenic consequences in cell lines. To address the pathogenicity of p.C565Y, we used a genotype-based approach in which we generated knock-in mice heterozygous (Slc26a4+/C565Y), homozygous (Slc26a4C565Y/C565Y), and compound heterozygous (Slc26a4919-2A>G/C565Y) for this variant. Subsequent phenotypic characterization revealed that mice segregating these genotypes demonstrated normal auditory and vestibular functions and normal inner ear morphology and expression of pendrin. These findings indicate that the p.C565Y variant is non-pathogenic for mice and that a single p.C565Y allele is sufficient to maintain normal inner ear physiology in mice. Our results highlight the differences in the pathogenicity associated with certain SLC26A4 variants between transgenic mice and humans, which should be taken into consideration while interpreting the results of animal studies for SLC26A4-related deafness.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hu, C.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, T.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, I.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, S.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Y.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, C.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.29.067918</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Toward the pathogenicity of the SLC26A4 p.C565Y variant using a genetically driven mouse model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.30.069955v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Epigenetic therapy remodels the immune synaptic cytoskeleton to potentiate cancer susceptibility to γδ T cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.30.069955v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
{gamma}{delta} T cells are a distinct subgroup of T cells that bridge the innate and adaptive immune systems and can attack cancer or virus-infected cells in an MHC-unrestricted manner. Despite its antitumor ability in both autologous and allogeneic settings, earlier trials of adoptive {gamma}{delta} T cell transfer in solid tumors had limited success due to limitations in cell expansion and the lack of a strategy to modulate tumor lytic interactions between {gamma}{delta} T and cancer cells. Here, we show through quantitative surface proteomics and gene enrichment analyses that DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTis) upregulate multiple surface molecules related to {gamma}{delta} T cell activation in cancer cells. DNMTi treatment of human lung cancer potentiates tumor lysis by ex vivo-expanded {gamma}{delta} T cells using a clinical-grade expansion protocol developed by our team to enrich for the V{delta}1 subset while preserving their antitumor effector functions. Mechanistically, DNMTis enhance immune synapse formation and stabilize the synaptic cleft to facilitate {gamma}{delta} T-mediated tumor lysis. Through integrated analysis of RNA-seq, DNA methylation, and ATAC-seq, we demonstrate that depletion of DNMTs induces coordinated pattern alterations of immune synaptic-cytoskeletal networks at the cancer side of the immune synapse. In addition, single-cell mass cytometry reveals enrichment of polyfunctional {gamma}{delta} T subsets by DNMTis. Combined DNMTi and adoptive {gamma}{delta} T transfer in a mouse lung cancer model offers a significant survival benefit. Consistently, the DNMTi-associated cytoskeleton signature identifies a subset of lung cancer patients with improved survival. Our results demonstrate that epigenetic mechanisms are crucial for cytoskeletal remodeling in cancer to potentiate immune attack and support a combinatorial strategy of DNMTis and {gamma}{delta} T cell-based immunotherapy in lung cancer management.

One Sentence SummaryDNA methyltransferase inhibitors potentiate the killing of lung cancer by {gamma}{delta} T cells through remodeling cytoskeletal-immune synaptic networks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Weng, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, H.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, R.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, T.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juan, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hung, Z.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, X.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, W.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiu, T.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiu, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, C.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.30.069955</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Epigenetic therapy remodels the immune synaptic cytoskeleton to potentiate cancer susceptibility to γδ T cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.30.071357v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distinct Inductions of and Responses to Type I and Type III Interferons PromoteInfections in Two SARS-CoV-2 Isolates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.30.071357v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The recent emerging coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has been rapidly and widely spread and causing an ongoing viral pneumonia outbreak worldwide. It has been observed that SARS-CoV-2 patients show a rather long and asymptomatic incubation time. We characterized the abilities to induce and to response to IFN{beta}/IFN{lambda}1 of two or our clinical isolates, SARS-CoV-2/NTU01/TWN/human/2020 and SARS-CoV-2/NTU02/TWN/human/2020, which exhibit only two amino acid differences over the [~]30kb viral genome. We found that both isolates may infect Huh7, A549 and Calu-3 cells, yet the RIG-I-like receptor-dependent antiviral signaling was poorly induced in these cells in the early infections. Unexpectedly, we found that the intracellular vRNA levels of these isolates were sustained upon to type I/III IFN treatments, and this phenotype was more pronounced in the Taiwan/NTU01/2020 isolate. The type I/III IFN responses are antiviral but partially proviral in the case of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Poor induction and response to innate immunity may contribute to destitute neutralization index of the antibody produced, and indeed we found that the patient serum could not efficiently neutralize SARS-CoV-2 virions. With better understandings of the interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and the host antiviral innate immunity, our report may provide new insights for the regimen of therapies for SARS-CoV-2 infected patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hsin, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, T.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, Y.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kao, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pang, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, Y.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.30.071357</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distinct Inductions of and Responses to Type I and Type III Interferons PromoteInfections in Two SARS-CoV-2 Isolates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.25.115519v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Benefit of Drought on an Herbivore of Herbaceous Plants: Enemy Free Space and Reduced Competition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.25.115519v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plants grow under reduced water availability can have divergent effects on insect herbivores, in some instances producing benefits to them. However, the forces mediating these positive impacts remain mostly unclear. We conducted a manipulative field study using a specialist herbivore Pieris rapae, and its host plant, Rorippa indica, in two populations to identify how water availability impacts overall plant quality and multitrophic interactions. We observed that R. indica growing under low water availability led to higher survival of P. rapae larvae. The increase in survival of eggs and larvae was related to the reduced abundance of other herbivores and natural enemies. Water availability had differential impacts on members of the herbivore community through changes in plant quality. Low water availability decreased the quality of R. indica to most herbivores as indicated by reduced abundance in the field and decreased relative growth rate in feeding assays. In contrast, the performance of P. rapae larvae were not affected by differences in sympatric R. indica grown under different water availability. These results indicate that local P. rapae possess some physiological adaptation to overcome fluctuations in host quality. Our findings illustrate that reduced water availability is beneficial to a specialist herbivore, but detrimental to most other herbivores. Our work highlights the complex roles of the arthropod communities associated with plants in determining the impacts of water availability on insect herbivores.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, P.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ou, J.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuang, W.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, C.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinoshita, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Felton, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.25.115519</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Benefit of Drought on an Herbivore of Herbaceous Plants: Enemy Free Space and Reduced Competition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.30.125062v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamin-2 regulates synaptic podosome maturation to facilitate neuromuscular junction development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.30.125062v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) govern rapid and efficient neuronal communication with muscle cells, which relies on the proper architecture of specialized postsynaptic compartments. However, the intrinsic mechanism in muscle cells contributing to elaborate NMJ development has been unclear. In this study, we reveal that the GTPase dynamin-2 (Dyn2), best-known for catalyzing synaptic vesicle endocytosis at the presynaptic membrane, is also involved in postsynaptic morphogenesis. We demonstrate that Dyn2 is enriched in the postsynaptic membrane of muscle cells and is involved in the maturation of neurotransmitter receptor clusters via its actin bundling ability. Dyn2 functions as a molecular girdle to regulate synaptic podosome turnover and promote morphogenesis of the postsynaptic apparatus. In Drosophila NMJs, Dyn2 is required to organize the postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton and to mediate its electrophysiological activities. Mechanistically, the actin binding, self-assembly, GTP hydrolysis ability, and Y597 phosphorylation of Dyn2 all regulate its actin bundling activity. Together, our study uncovers a role for Dyn2 in cytoskeleton remodeling and organization at the postsynaptic membrane of NMJs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, S.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, T.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liou, G.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, C.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.30.125062</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamin-2 regulates synaptic podosome maturation to facilitate neuromuscular junction development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.01.128579v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dihydroceramide desaturase regulates the compartmentalization of Rac1 for neuronal oxidative stress 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.01.128579v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Disruption of sphingolipid homeostasis has been shown to cause neurological disorders. How specific sphingolipid species modulate the pathogenesis remains unknown. The last step of sphingolipid de novo synthesis is the conversion of dihydroceramide to ceramide catalyzed by dihydroceramide desaturase (human DEGS1; Drosophila Ifc). Loss of ifc leads to dihydroceramide accumulation and oxidative stress, resulting in photoreceptors degeneration, while DEGS1 variants were associated with leukodystrophy and neuropathy. Here, we demonstrated that ifc regulates Rac1 compartmentalization in fly photoreceptors and further showed that dihydroceramide alters the association of active Rac1 to membranes mimicking specific organelles. We also revealed that the major source of ROS originated from Rac1 and NADPH oxidase (NOX) in the cytoplasm, as the NOX inhibitor apocynin ameliorated the oxidative stress and functional defects in both fly ifc-KO photoreceptors and human neuronal cells with disease-associated variant DEGS1H132R. Therefore, DEGS1/ifc deficiency causes dihydroceramide accumulation, resulting in Rac1 translocation and NOX-dependent neurodegeneration.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=101 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/128579v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (34K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@174c3b0org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@db65e5org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1fea501org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@10318f7_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG A DEGS1/ifc converts dihydroceramide to ceramide in neuronal cells, and the endolysosomal NOX complex is not activated.

B Dihydroceramide accumulates without functional DEGS1/ifc and causes alterations in membrane microdomains and recruits active Rac1 to endolysosomes. The activation of endolysosomal Rac1-NOX complex elevates cytosolic ROS levels, causing neurodegeneration.

C_FIG In Brief (eTOC blurb)Deficiency in dihydroceramide desaturase causes oxidative stress-mediated neurological disorders. Tzou and Su et al. show that increased dihydroceramide causes the relocalization of active Rac1, whilst inhibition of the Rac1-NOX ameliorates the oxidative stress and neuronal defects. NOX inhibitor apocynin may provide new direction of treatments for patients with DEGS1 variants.

HighlightsO_LIDeficiency in dihydroceramide (dhCer) desaturase induces cytoplasmic ROS elevation
C_LIO_LIdhCer alters the binding of active Rac1 to reconstituted organelle membranes
C_LIO_LIActive Rac1 is enriched in endolysosomes in ifc-KO neurons for ROS genesis
C_LIO_LIRac1-NADPH oxidase elicits ROS, degenerating leukodystrophy-related neuronal cells
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tzou, F.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, T.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.01.128579</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dihydroceramide desaturase regulates the compartmentalization of Rac1 for neuronal oxidative stress]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.04.133272v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DNMT3b Dysfunction Promotes DNA cleavages at Centromeric R-loops to Increase Centromere Instability 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.04.133272v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This study investigates how DNA methyltransferase 3b (DNMT3b) dysfunction causes genome instability. We showed that in DNMT3b deficient cells, R-loops contribute to prominent {gamma}H2AX signal, which was mapped to repetitive satellite sequences including centromere regions. By ChIP and DRIP analyses, our data revealed that centromeric R-loops in DNMT3b deficient cells are removed by XPG/XPF, thus generating DNA breaks in centromeres to increase mitotic aberration. In immunodeficiency-centromeric instability-facial anomalies (ICF) patient cells carrying the loss-of-function mutation at DNMT3b, knockdown of XPG/XPF in ICF cells also reduces DNA breaks in centromere while bringing up centromeric R-loop to the level similar to that in wild-type cells. These results suggest that DNMT3b has a critical function in preventing XPG/XPF-mediated cleavages at centromeric R-loop sites. Finally, we showed the involvement of non-homologous end-joining repair at centromeric sites in ICF cells. Thus, DNA cleavages at centromeric R-loops with error-prone repair undermine centromere stability in ICF cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shih, H.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, H.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chou, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Z.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.04.133272</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DNMT3b Dysfunction Promotes DNA cleavages at Centromeric R-loops to Increase Centromere Instability]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.08.137539v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Temporal expectation modulates the neural dynamics of delayed responses to working memory representations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.08.137539v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Temporal expectation can induce anticipatory attention to enhance perceptual processing and optimise behaviours. However, it remains unexplored whether temporal expectation benefits delayed responses to information maintained in working memory (WM) and the underlying neural dynamics that support the benefits. Here we addressed these issues in behavioural and electroencephalography (EEG) experiments. Participants performed a rotation discrimination WM task. Temporal expectation was manipulated by varying the predictability for when a test probe would occur after a delay interval. We first demonstrated that temporal predictability benefited WM performance. Our EEG results showed decreased alpha power over the left posterior brain regions during the delay interval for high than low predictability trials. Importantly, we found earlier enhancement of the lateralised alpha power and the lateralised readiness potential for high than low predictability trials when WM contents were accessed for responses during the probe period. Finally, we found concurrent selection and preparation for responses when the probe onset was predictable but motor preparation lagged behind response selection when the probe onset was more variable. Together, this study provides new insights into the proactive, dynamic nature of the anticipatory deployment of attention in guiding WM maintenance and delayed responses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, F.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, B.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.08.137539</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Temporal expectation modulates the neural dynamics of delayed responses to working memory representations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.03.182949v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Three Dimensional Multi-gene Expression Maps Reveal Cell Fate Changes Associated with Laterality Reversal of Zebrafish Habenula 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.03.182949v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ABSTRACTThe conserved bilateral habenular nuclei (HA) in vertebrate diencephalon develop into compartmentalized structures containing neurons derived from different cell lineages. Despite extensive studies demonstrated that zebrafish larval HA display distinct left-right (L-R) asymmetry in gene expression and connectivity, the spatial gene expression domains were mainly obtained from two-dimensional (2D) snapshots of colorimetric RNA in situ hybridization staining which could not properly reflect different HA neuronal lineages constructed in three-dimension (3D). Combing the tyramide-based fluorescent mRNA in situ hybridization, confocal microscopy and customized imaging processing procedures, we have created spatial distribution maps of four genes for 4 day old zebrafish and in sibling fish whose L-R asymmetry was spontaneously reversed. 3D volumetric analyses showed that ratios of cpd2, lov, ron and nrp1a expression in L-R reversed HA were reversed according to the parapineal positions. However, the quantitative changes of gene expression in reversed larval brains do not mirror the gene expression level in the obverse larval brains. There were a total 87.78% increase of lov+nrp1a+ and a total 12.45% decrease of lov+ron+ double-positive neurons when the L-R asymmetry of HA was reversed. Thus, our volumetric analyses of the 3D maps indicate that changes of HA neuronal cell fates are associated with the reversal of HA laterality. These changes likely account for the behavior changes associated with HA laterality alterations.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, G.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lang, W.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuan, Y.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.03.182949</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Three Dimensional Multi-gene Expression Maps Reveal Cell Fate Changes Associated with Laterality Reversal of Zebrafish Habenula]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.09.196618v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Strategy to Treat COVID-19 Disease with Targeted Delivery of Inhalable Liposomal Hydroxychloroquine: A Non-clinical Pharmacokinetic Study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.09.196618v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a newly identified pathogen causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), an antimalarial and anti-inflammatory drug, has been shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro and tested in clinical studies. However, lung concentration (6.7 {micro}g/mL) to predict the in vivo antiviral efficacy might not be achievable with the currently proposed oral dosing regimen. Further, a high cumulative doses of HCQ may raise concerns of systemic toxicity, including cardiotoxicity. Here, we described a non-clinical study to investigate the pharmacokinetics of a novel formulation of liposomal HCQ administrated by intratracheal (IT) instillation in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats which achieved 129.4 {micro}g/g (Cmax) in the lung. Compared to unformulated HCQ administered intravenous (IV), liposomal HCQ with normalized dose showed higher ([~]30-fold) lung exposure, longer ([~]2.5-fold) half-life in lung, but lower blood exposure with [~]20% of Cmax and 74% of AUC and lower heart exposure with 24% of Cmax and 58% of AUC. In conclusion, the pharmacokinetics results in an animal model demonstrate the proof of concept that inhalable liposomal HCQ may provide clinical benefit and serve as a potential treatment for COVID-19.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tien-Tzu Tai</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tzung-Ju Wu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huey-Dong Wu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi-Chen Tsai</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hui-Ting Wang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An-Min Wang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheue-Fang Shih</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yee-Chun Chen</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.09.196618</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Strategy to Treat COVID-19 Disease with Targeted Delivery of Inhalable Liposomal Hydroxychloroquine: A Non-clinical Pharmacokinetic Study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.10.196634v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ASIC1a is required for neuronal activation via low-intensity ultrasound stimulation in mouse brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.10.196634v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accumulating evidence has shown transcranial low-intensity ultrasound can be potentially a non-invasive neural modulation tool to treat brain diseases. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive, because the majority of studies on animal models applying rather high-intensity ultrasound that cannot be safely used in humans. Here we showed low-intensity ultrasound was able to activate neurons in the mouse brain and repeated ultrasound stimulation resulted in adult neurogenesis in specific brain regions. In vitro calcium imaging studies showed that a specific ultrasound stimulation mode, which combined with both ultrasound-induced pressure and acoustic streaming mechanotransduction, is required to activate cultured cortical neurons. ASIC1a and the tether-mode mechanotransduction were involved in the low-intensity ultrasound-mediated mechanotransduction and cultured neuron activation, which was inhibited by ASIC1a blockade and cytoskeleton-modified agents. In contrast, the inhibition of mechanical sensitive channels involved in bilayer-model mechanotransduction like Piezo or TRP proteins did not affect the ultrasound-mediated neuronal activation.

SIGNIFICANCECNS neurons have no sensory function, protected by the skull. For this reason, brain neuromodulation by ultrasound were either done at a high intensity or through auditory nerves. We demonstrate in this study CNS neurons react to ultrasound stimulation at an intensity (5 mW/cm2) far lower than typical therapeutic ultrasound (>30 mW/cm2). Using micropipette ultrasound in calcium imaging, we show the reactions of CNS neurons to ultrasound is through ASIC1a channels, pointing to the molecular basis for direct ultrasound neuromodulation at low intensity. Furthermore, we also show evidence of neurogenesis with the same ultrasound stimulation, suggesting potential therapeutic translation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jormay Lim</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ya-Cherng Chu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen-Ming Hao</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei-Hao Liao</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao-Shien Lin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sherry Hsu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsiao-Hsin Tai</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ya-Chih Chien</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dar-Ming Lai</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen-Shiang Chen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chih-Cheng Chen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaw-Lin Wang</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.10.196634</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ASIC1a is required for neuronal activation via low-intensity ultrasound stimulation in mouse brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.13.249342v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Statistical Framework for QTL Hotspot Detection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.13.249342v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Quantitative trait loci (QTL) hotspots (genomic locations enriched in QTL) are a common and notable feature when collecting many QTL for various traits in many areas of biological studies. The QTL hotspots are important and attractive since they are highly informative and may harbor genes for the quantitative traits. So far, the current statistical methods for QTL hotspot detection use either the individual-level data from the genetical genomics experiments or the summarized data from public QTL databases to proceed with the detection analysis. These detection methods attempt to address some of the concerns, including the correlation structure among traits, the magnitude of LOD scores within a hotspot and computational cost, that arise during the process of QTL hotspot detection. In this article, we describe a statistical framework that can handle both types of data as well as address all the concerns at a time for QTL hotspot detection. Our statistical framework directly operates on the QTL matrix and hence has a very cheap computation cost, and is deployed to take advantage of the QTL mapping results for assisting the detection analysis. Two special devices, trait grouping and top {gamma}n, profile, are introduced into the framework. The trait grouping attempts to group the closely linked or pleiotropic traits together to take care of the true linkages and cope with the underestimation of hotspot thresholds due to non-genetic correlations (arising from ignoring the correlation structure among traits), so as to have the ability to obtain much stricter thresholds and dismiss spurious hotspots. The top {gamma}n, profile is designed to outline the LOD-score pattern of a hotspot across the different hotspot architectures, so that it can serve to identify and characterize the types of QTL hotspots with varying sizes and LOD score distributions. Real examples, numerical analysis and simulation study are performed to validate our statistical framework, investigate the detection properties, and also compare with the current methods in QTL hotspot detection. The results demonstrate that the proposed statistical framework can effectively accommodate the correlation structure among traits, identify the types of hotspots and still keep the notable features of easy implementation and fast computation for practical QTL hotspot detection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kao, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, M.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.13.249342</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Statistical Framework for QTL Hotspot Detection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.14.250258v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inhibition of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 main protease by tafenoquine in vitro 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.14.250258v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing the current pandemic, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has taken a huge toll on human lives and the global economy. Therefore, effective treatments against this disease are urgently needed. Here, we established a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based high-throughput screening platform to screen compound libraries to identify drugs targeting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro), in particular those which are FDA-approved, to be used immediately to treat patients with COVID-19. Mpro has been shown to be one of the most important drug targets among SARS-related coronaviruses as impairment of Mpro blocks processing of viral polyproteins which halts viral replication in host cells. Our findings indicate that the anti-malarial drug tafenoquine (TFQ) induces significant conformational change in SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and diminishes its protease activity. Specifically, TFQ reduces the -helical content of Mpro, which converts it into an inactive form. Moreover, TFQ greatly inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection in cell culture system. Hence, the current study provides a mechanistic insight into the mode of action of TFQ against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Moreover, the low clinical toxicity of TFQ and its strong antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 should warrant further testing in clinical trials.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, L.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, M.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chou, Y.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, B.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hung, C.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hung, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, Y.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, D.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeng, L.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hung, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.14.250258</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inhibition of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 main protease by tafenoquine in vitro]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.18.256818v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evaluation of Compatibility of 16S rRNA V3V4 and V4 Amplicon Libraries for Clinical Microbiome Profiling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.18.256818v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene by Illumina next-generation sequencing is broadly used in microbiome studies. Different hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene, V3V4 (amplified with primers 341F-805R) or V4 (V4O; primers 515F-806R), are selected, depending on the targeted resolution. However, in population-based clinical studies, combining V3V4 and V4 data from different studies for a meta-analysis is challenging. Reads generated by short-read (150-bp) high-throughput sequencing platforms do not fully recover the V4 region read-length. Here, we evaluated the compatibility of 16S rRNA V3V4 and V4 amplicons for microbiome profiling. We compared taxonomic compositions obtained by the analysis of V3V4 and V4 amplicons, and V4 fragments trimmed from V3V4 amplicons. We also evaluated an alternative V4 region (V4N; primers 519F-798R) designed for efficient stitching with 150-bp paired-end sequencing. First, we simulated a global investigation of environmental prokaryotes in silico. This revealed that V4O primers recovered the highest proportion of fragments (81.7%) and most phyla, including archaea. Empirical sequencing of standard (mock) and human fecal samples revealed biased patterns of each primer that were similar to the ones determined by in silico simulation. Further, for human fecal microbiome profiling, the between-sample variance was greater than the systematic bias of each primer. The use of trimmed V4 fragments and single-end amplicons resulted in the same systematic bias. In conclusion, paired-end V4O sequencing yielded the most accurate data for both, simulation and mock community sequencing; the V4O amplicons were compatible with trimmed V4 sequences for microbiome profiling.

IMPORTANCENext-generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene is a commonly used approach for clinical microbiome studies. Different amplicons of the 16S rRNA hypervariable regions are used in different studies, which creates incompatible sequence features when comparing and integrating data among studies by using 16S denoising pipelines. Here we compared the type of data and coverage obtained when different 16S rRNA amplicons were analyzed. In silico and empirical analyses of the human fecal microbiome revealed that the V3V4 amplicons are compatible with V4 amplicons after trimming up to the same region. These observations demonstrate that reconciling the compatibility of clinical microbiome data from different studies improve not only the sample size but also the confidence of the hypothesis tested.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, W.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panyod, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheen, L.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, M.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.18.256818</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evaluation of Compatibility of 16S rRNA V3V4 and V4 Amplicon Libraries for Clinical Microbiome Profiling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.20.258905v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Segmentation boosting with compensation methods in optical coherence tomography angiography images 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.20.258905v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Optical coherence tomography angiography is a noninvasive imaging modality to establish the diagnosis of retinal vascular diseases. However, angiography images are significantly interfered if patients jitter or blink. In this study, a novel retinal image analysis method to accurately detect blood vessels and compensate the effect of interference was proposed. We call this the patch U-Net compensation (PUC) system, which is based on the famous U-Net. Several techniques, including a better training mechanism, direction criteria, area criteria, gap criteria, and probability map criteria, have been proposed to improve its accuracy. Simulations show that the proposed PUC achieves much better performance than state-of-art methods.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, J.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeung, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, T.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, C.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, R. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.20.258905</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Segmentation boosting with compensation methods in optical coherence tomography angiography images]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.30.274571v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identifications of novel avian and mammalian deltaviruses filled the large evolutionally gaps and revealed inter-family transmission of deltaviruses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.30.274571v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a satellite virus that requires hepadnavirus envelope proteins for its transmission. Although recent studies identified HDV-related deltaviruses in certain animals, the evolution of deltaviruses, such as the origin of HDV and the mechanism of its coevolution with its helper viruses, is unknown, mainly because of the phylogenetic gaps among deltaviruses. Here we identified novel deltaviruses of passerine birds, woodchucks, and white-tailed deer by extensive database searches and molecular surveillance. Phylogenetic and molecular epidemiological analyses suggest that HDV originated from mammalian deltaviruses and the past interspecies transmission of mammalian and passerine deltaviruses. Further, metaviromic and experimental analyses suggest that the satellite-helper relationship between HDV and hepadnavirus was established after the divergence of the HDV lineage from non-HDV mammalian deltaviruses. Our findings enhance our understanding of deltavirus evolution, diversity, and transmission, indicating the importance of further surveillance for deltaviruses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Iwamoto, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shibata, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kawasaki, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kojima, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iwami, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wada, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomonaga, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watashi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horie, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.30.274571</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identifications of novel avian and mammalian deltaviruses filled the large evolutionally gaps and revealed inter-family transmission of deltaviruses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.02.279265v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders and developmental disorders share specific disruptive coding mutations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.02.279265v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genes enriched for rare disruptive coding variants in schizophrenia overlap those in which disruptive mutations are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), particularly autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disability. However, it is unclear whether this implicates the same specific variants, or even variants with the same functional effects on shared risk genes. Here, we show that de novo mutations in schizophrenia are generally of the same functional category as those that confer risk for NDDs, and that the specific de novo mutations in NDDs are enriched in schizophrenia. These findings indicate that, in part, NDDs and schizophrenia have shared molecular aetiology, and therefore likely overlapping pathophysiology. We also observe pleiotropic effects for variants known to be pathogenic for several syndromic developmental disorders, suggesting that schizophrenia should be included among the phenotypes associated with these mutations. Collectively, our findings support the hypothesis that at least some forms of schizophrenia lie within a continuum of neurodevelopmental disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rees, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Creeth, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwu, H.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsuang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glatt, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rey, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirov, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walters, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holmans, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Owen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Donovan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.02.279265</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders and developmental disorders share specific disruptive coding mutations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.19.304675v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dual GRIN lens two-photon endoscopy for high-speed volumetric and deep brain imaging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.19.304675v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Studying neural connections and activities in vivo is fundamental to understanding brain functions. Given the cm-size brain and three-dimensional neural circuit dynamics, deep-tissue, high-speed volumetric imaging is highly desirable for brain study. With sub-micrometer spatial resolution, intrinsic optical sectioning, and deep-tissue penetration capability, two-photon microscopy (2PM) has found a niche in neuroscience. However, current 2PM typically relies on slow axial scan for volumetric imaging, and the maximal penetration depth is only about 1 mm. Here, we demonstrate that by integrating two gradient-index (GRIN) lenses into 2PM, both penetration depth and volume-imaging rate can be significantly improved. Specifically, an 8-mm long GRIN lens allows imaging relay through a whole mouse brain, while a tunable acoustic gradient-index (TAG) lens provides sub-second volume rate via 100 kHz [~] 1 MHz axial scan. This technique enables the study of calcium dynamics in cm-deep brain regions with sub-cellular and sub-second spatiotemporal resolution, paving the way for interrogating deep-brain functional connectome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chien, Y.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, P.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, K.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, S.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.19.304675</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dual GRIN lens two-photon endoscopy for high-speed volumetric and deep brain imaging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.20.305656v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A new species of subgenus Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) De Leon (Acari: Phytoseiidae), and phytoseiid mites intercepted in samples imported from 12 different countries to Taiwan 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.20.305656v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Global trade has increased the invasion risk of exotic organisms and damaged agricultural and natural ecosystems. The Bureau of Animal and Plant Health Inspection and Quarantine (BAPHIQ) handles quarantine services of animal- and plant-associated pests and diseases in Taiwan. The predatory mite family Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) is a well-known group due to the potential use of certain species as biocontrol agents for small phytophagous pests. Some species are available in commercial markets and frequently used in biological control in many agricultural systems especially in greenhouse crops. However, exotic biological control agents may interfere with native or naturalized populations of predatory mites and they may threaten indigenous populations via intraguild predation. The present study aims to provide the phytoseiid mite species found in plant quarantine from 2006-2013. Twenty-five species belonging two subfamilies and eight genera were found in samples imported to Tawan from twelve countries, including one new species Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) ueckermanni sp. nov. from South Africa. The checklist provides distribution, remarks, and also an identification key for all species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liao, J.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ko, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.20.305656</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A new species of subgenus Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) De Leon (Acari: Phytoseiidae), and phytoseiid mites intercepted in samples imported from 12 different countries to Taiwan]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.23.309369v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multimodal Brain Age Gap as a Mediating Indicator in the Relation between Modifiable Dementia Risk Factors and Cognitive Functioning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.23.309369v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IntroductionAs a structural proxy for evaluating brain health, neuroimaging-based brain age gap (BAG) is presumed to link the dementia risks to cognitive changes in the premorbid phase, but this remains unclear.

MethodsBrain age prediction models were constructed and applied to a population-based cohort (N=371) to estimate their BAG. Further, structural equation modeling was employed to investigate the mediation effect of BAG between risk levels (assessed by 2 dementia-related risk scores) and cognitive changes (examined by 4 cognitive assessments).

ResultsA higher burden of modifiable dementia risk factors was causally associated with a greater cognitive decline, and this was significantly mediated (P=0.017) by a larger multimodal BAG, which indicated an older brain. Moreover, a steeper slope (P=0.020) of association between cognitive decline and multimodal BAG was observed when individuals had higher dementia risks.

DiscussionMultimodal BAG is a potential mediating indicator to reflect the changes in the pathophysiological mechanism of cognitive aging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tung, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tseng, W.-Y. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.23.309369</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multimodal Brain Age Gap as a Mediating Indicator in the Relation between Modifiable Dementia Risk Factors and Cognitive Functioning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.30.319939v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MAP kinase Slt2p attenuates cell wall mRNA decay by downregulating the RNA-binding protein Rbp1p in response to stress 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.30.319939v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The yeast cell wall integrity (CWI) MAPK pathway is a signaling cascade function in maintaining cell wall integrity under stressful environmental conditions. Recently, the activity and signaling of Slt2p (Mpk1p) MAP kinase has been shown to control assembly of the processing body (P-body) upon cell wall stresses, implicating its posttranscriptional role in decay of cell wall mRNAs. However, how Slt2p MAP kinase directly regulates the stability of cell wall transcripts during cell wall stress remains unclear. Here, we reported that the RNA-binding protein Rbp1p (Ngr1p) is a downstream effector and target of Slt2p MAP kinase during activation of the cell wall stress signaling cascade. In addition to the well-defined target mitochondrial porin mRNA, we found that Rbp1p also negatively regulates the stability of a subset of Slt2p-regulated cell wall transcripts. Deletion of RBP1 increases the level of cell wall transcripts and partially suppresses the hypersensitivity of the slt2{Delta} deletion strain to cell wall damage. Slt2p is necessary for cell wall stress-induced stabilization of cell wall transcripts. Deletion of RBP1 compromises the destabilization of cell wall transcripts in slt2{Delta} mutants under cell wall stress. Notably, C-terminal deleted Slt2p impairs its function in promoting turnover of the Rbp1p protein and fails to stabilize cell wall transcripts, although it can complement the growth defect of the slt2{Delta} strain upon cell wall stress. Altogether, our results demonstrate that MAP kinase Slt2p attenuates CWI mRNA decay in response to cell wall damage by downregulating the activity of the RNA-binding protein Rbp1p.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chang, L.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, F.-J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.30.319939</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MAP kinase Slt2p attenuates cell wall mRNA decay by downregulating the RNA-binding protein Rbp1p in response to stress]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.30.319996v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ezGeno: An Automatic Model Selection Package for Genomic Data Analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.30.319996v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To facilitate the process of tailor-making a deep neural network for exploring the dynamics of genomic DNA, we have developed a hands-on package called ezGeno that automates the search process of various parameters and network structure. ezGeno considers three different sets of search spaces, namely, the number of filters, dilation factors, and the connectivity between different layers. ezGeno can be applied to any kind of 1D genomic input such as genomic sequences, histone modifications, DNase feature data and so on. Combinations of multiple abovementioned 1D features are also applicable. Specifically, for the task of predicting TF binding using genomic sequences as the input, ezGeno can consistently return the best performing set of parameters and network structure, as well as highlight the important segments within the original sequences. For the task of predicting tissue-specific enhancer activity using both sequence and DNase feature data as the input, ezGeno also regularly outperforms the hand-designed models. In this study, we demonstrate that ezGeno is superior in efficiency and accuracy when compared to AutoKeras, a general open-source AutoML package. The average AUC of ezGeno is also consistently higher than the result of using a one-layer DeepBind model. With the flexibility of ezGeno, we expect that this package can provide future researchers not only support of model design in their analysis of genomic studies but also more insights into the regulatory landscape.

AvailabilityThe ezGeno package can be freely accessed at https://github.com/ailabstw/ezGeno.

ContactDr. Chien-Yu Chen, chienyuchen@ntu.edu.tw
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, T.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tung, Y.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsiao, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.30.319996</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ezGeno: An Automatic Model Selection Package for Genomic Data Analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.19.345140v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
COVID-19: Variant screening, an important step towards precision epidemiology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.19.345140v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Precision epidemiology using genomic technologies allows for a more targeted approach to COVID-19 control and treatment at individual and population level, and is the urgent need of the day. It enables identification of patients who may be at higher risk than others to COVID-19-related mortality, due to their genetic architecture, or who might respond better to a COVID-19 treatment. The COVID-19 virus, similar to SARS-CoV, uses the ACE2 receptor for cell entry and employs the cellular serine protease TMPRSS2 for viral S protein priming. This study aspires to present a multi-omics view of how variations in the ACE2 and TMPRSS2 genes affect COVID-19 infection and disease progression in affected individuals. It reports, for both genes, several variant and gene expression analysis findings, through (i) comparison analysis over single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), that may account for the difference of COVID-19 manifestations among global sub-populations; (ii) calculating prevalence of structural variations (copy number variations (CNVs) / insertions), amongst populations; and (iii) studying expression patterns stratified by gender and age, over all human tissues. This work is a good first step to be followed by additional studies and functional assays towards informed treatment decisions and improved control of the infection rate.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chattopadhyay, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, T.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shih, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, L.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, M.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuang, E. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.19.345140</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[COVID-19: Variant screening, an important step towards precision epidemiology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.21.349712v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Two-photon microscopy at >500 volumes/second 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.21.349712v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We demonstrate a multi-focal multi-photon volumetric microscopy via combination of 32-beam parallel lateral-scanning, a 70-kHz axial-scanning acoustic lens, and a 32-channel photodetector, enabling unprecedented data rate (2-10 GHz) and >500-volumes/second imaging speed over ~200x200x200-m3.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tsai, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, W.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, V. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>So, P. T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chou, C.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, S.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.21.349712</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Two-photon microscopy at >500 volumes/second]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.23.351650v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
External light dark cycle shapes gut microbiota through intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.23.351650v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gut microbiota has been shown to involve in many physiological functions such as metabolism, brain development, and neuron degeneration disease. Intriguingly, many microbes in the digestive tract do not maintain a constant level of their relative abundance but show daily oscillations under normal conditions. Recent evidence indicates that chronic jetlag, constant darkness, or deletion of the circadian core gene can alter the composition of gut microbiota and dampen the daily oscillation of gut microbes. These studies suggest that the interaction between the host circadian clock and the light-dark cycle plays an important role in gut homeostasis and microbiota. However, how or whether environmental factors such as the light-dark cycle could modulate gut microbiota is still poorly understood. Using genetic mouse models and 16s rRNA metagenomic analysis, we found that light-dark cycle information transmitted by the ipRGC-sympathetic circuit was essential for daily oscillations of gut microbes under temporal restricted high fat diet condition. Furthermore, aberrant light exposure such as dim light at night (dLAN), acting through intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), could alter the composition, relative abundance, and daily oscillations of gut microbiota. Together, our results indicate that external stimulation, such as light-dark cycle information, through the sensory system can modulate gut microbiota in the direction from the brain to the gut.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, T.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, I.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, Y.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.23.351650</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[External light dark cycle shapes gut microbiota through intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.23.352385v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mitochondrial ATP Synthase Trafficking along Microtubules to Cell Surface Depends on KIF5B and DRP1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.23.352385v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ectopic adenosine triphosphate (eATP) synthase, located on the cell surface instead of the mitochondrial inner membrane, has been discovered to be a novel target for the treatment of various types of cancer. However, the mechanism of eATP synthase trafficking toward the cell surface remains unclear. In this study, we used an integrative approach incorporating multiomics, super-resolution imaging, real-time live-cell tracing, and various functional analyses to derive a transport model of eATP synthase from the mitochondria to the plasma membrane in cancer cells. We determined that the ATP synthase complex is first assembled in the mitochondria and subsequently delivered to the cell surface through the microtubule-mediated mitochondrial transport pathway. We also found that dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) enhances mitochondrial fission and subsequently associates with microtubule motor protein kinesin family member 5B (KIF5B) to promote the subcellular transportation of eATP synthase. Consequently, our work provides a blueprint for eATP synthase trafficking from the mitochondria toward the cell surface.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liaw, Y.-g.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, C.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, T.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, J.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hung, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juan, H.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.23.352385</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mitochondrial ATP Synthase Trafficking along Microtubules to Cell Surface Depends on KIF5B and DRP1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.24.353268v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
EGF-Activated Grb7 Confers to STAT3-Mediated EPHA4 Gene Expression in Regulating Lung Cancer Progression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.24.353268v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Growth factor receptor bound protein-7 (Grb7) is a multi-domain signaling adaptor protein that regulates various cellular functions acting as an adaptor protein in relaying signal transduction. Although several studies indicated that Grb7 amplifies EGFR-mediated signaling in cancers, the detailed regulatory mechanism of whether and how Grb7 is involved in EGFR-mediated lung cancer progression remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that EGF-regulated Grb7 phosphorylation promotes lung cancer progression through phosphorylation of STAT3. Intrinsically, EGF/EGFR signal is required for the formation of Grb7/STAT3 complex as well as its nuclear accumulation. Once in the nucleus, STAT3 interacts with EPHA4 promoter, which in turn affects the gene expression level of EPHA4 through transcriptional regulation. Functionally, EphA4 together with EGFR promotes cancer migration, proliferation, and anchorage-independent growth. Our study reveals a novel mechanism in which Grb7 contribute to lung cancer malignancies through its interaction with STAT3 that leads to sequential regulation of EPHA4 gene expression in an EGF/EGFR signal-dependent manner.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chu, P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tai, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, W. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, T.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.24.353268</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[EGF-Activated Grb7 Confers to STAT3-Mediated EPHA4 Gene Expression in Regulating Lung Cancer Progression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.25.334201v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A novel equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 inhibitor alleviates Tau-mediated neurodegeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.25.334201v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tau hyperphosphorylation favors the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and triggers the gradual loss of neuronal functions in tauopathies, including Alzheimers disease. Herein, we demonstrated that chronic treatment with an inhibitor (J4) of equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1), which plays a critical role in controlling adenosine homeostasis and purine metabolism in the brain, exerted beneficial effects in a mouse model of tauopathy (Thy-Tau22, Tau22). Chronic treatment with J4 improved spatial memory deficits, mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic plasticity impairment, and gliosis. Immunofluorescence assays showed that J4 not only reduced Tau hyperphosphorylation but also normalized the reduction in mitochondrial mass and suppressed the abnormal activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a pathogenic feature that is also observed in the brains of patients with tauopathies. Given that AMPK is an important energy sensor, our findings suggest that energy dysfunction is associated with tauopathy and that J4 may exert its protective effect by improving energy homeostasis. Bulk RNA-seq analysis revealed that J4 also mitigated immune signature associated with Tau pathology including C1q upregulation and A1 astrocyte markers. Collectively, our findings suggest that identifying strategies for normalizing energy and neuroimmune dysfunctions in tauopathies through adenosinergic signaling modulation may pave the way for the development of treatments for Alzheimers disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chang, C.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuang, P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, A. T. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chou, F.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, S.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, L.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carvalho, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huin, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buee, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blum, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, Y.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chern, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.25.334201</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A novel equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 inhibitor alleviates Tau-mediated neurodegeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.01.363143v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Canopy micrometeorology monitoring in diverse climates innovatively improves the evaluation heat-induced sterility of rice under climate change 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.01.363143v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This study is the first and unique of open-field studies to assess the determination process of heat-induced spikelet sterility (HISS) of rice by using the same variety and the same monitoring system, MINCER (Micrometeorological Instrument for Near Canopy Environment of Rice), covering the major-rice growing regions from Sub-Saharan Africa, South, Southeast, and East Asia, and USA. Applying the observation data from the monitoring network, MINCERnet, to the canopy heat balance model, IM2PACT, it was quantitatively corroborated in open-field conditions worldwide that the canopy and panicle transpiration and their evaporative cooling effect played a great role on the micrometeorological gap between the ambient air temperature and the panicle temperature, and that the sterility rate due to HISS in open-fields can be evaluated accurately in diverse climates by the mean panicle temperature at flowering hours in the flowering period. The heat balance structure suggested that the risk of HISS should be higher in high humidity climates rather than in dry climates also in the future, which lead to the importance of the humidity accuracy as well as of the air temperature in climate scenarios and their spatial downscaling for future prediction of rice heat stress and production. Applying the heat-tolerant variety was suggested to be able to keep the sterility due to HISS low in all climates. It is needed of the approach using the panicle temperature as indicator of HISS by intervening sub-model and/or monitoring of micrometeorology inside the canopy to reduce uncertainties in future rice yield prediction under various adaptation measures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yoshimoto, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fukuoka, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsujimoto, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matsui, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kobayasi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saito, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Oort, P. A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Inusah, B. I. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vijayalakshmi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vijayalakshmi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weerakoon, W. M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandradasa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myint Daw, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phyo Daw, Z. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lur, H.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tarpley, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manigbas, N. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasegawa, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.01.363143</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Canopy micrometeorology monitoring in diverse climates innovatively improves the evaluation heat-induced sterility of rice under climate change]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.10.375717v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
accuEnhancer: Accurate enhancer prediction by integration of multiple cell type data with deep learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.10.375717v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Enhancers are one class of the regulatory elements that have been shown to act as key components to assist promoters in modulating the gene expression in living cells. At present, the number of enhancers as well as their activities in different cell types are still largely unclear. Previous studies have shown that enhancer activities are associated with various functional data, such as histone modifications, sequence motifs, and chromatin accessibilities. In this study, we utilized DNase data to build a deep learning model for predicting the H3K27ac peaks as the active enhancers in a target cell type. We propose joint training of multiple cell types to boost the model performance in predicting the enhancer activities of an unstudied cell type. The results demonstrated that by incorporating more datasets across different cell types, the complex regulatory patterns could be captured by deep learning models and the prediction accuracy can be largely improved. The analyses conducted in this study demonstrated that the cell type-specific enhancer activity can be predicted by joint learning of multiple cell type data using only DNase data and the primitive sequences as the input features. This reveals the importance of cross-cell type learning, and the constructed model can be applied to investigate potential active enhancers of a novel cell type which does not have the H3K27ac modification data yet.

AvailabilityThe accuEnhancer package can be freely accessed at: https://github.com/callsobing/accuEnhancer
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tung, Y.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, T.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oyang, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.10.375717</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[accuEnhancer: Accurate enhancer prediction by integration of multiple cell type data with deep learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.17.386672v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The histone deacetylase HDA15 interacts with MAC3A and MAC3B to regulate intron retention of ABA-responsive genes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.17.386672v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Histone deacetylases (HDAs) play an important role in transcriptional regulation involved in multiple biological processes. In this study, we investigate the function of HDA15 in abscisic acid (ABA) responses. Immunopurification coupled with mass spectrometry-based proteomics was used to identify the HDA15 interacting proteins. We found that HDA15 can interact with the core subunits of MOS4-Associated Complex (MAC), MAC3A and MAC3B. In addition, ABA enhances the interaction of HDA15 with MAC3B. hda15 and mac3a/mac3b mutants are ABA-insensitive in seed germination and hyposensitive to salinity. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis demonstrate that HDA15 and MAC3A/MAC3B not only affect the expression of ABA-related genes, but also regulate ABA-responsive intron retention (IR). Furthermore, HDA15 and MAC3A/MAC3B reduce the histone acetylation level of the genomic regions near ABA-responsive IRs. Our studies uncovered the role of histone deacetylation in ABA-mediated splicing regulation and identified that HDA15-MAC3A/MAC3B acts as an important regulation module to mediate splicing of introns in ABA responses.

One Sentence SummaryHDA15 and MAC3A/MAC3B coregulate intron retention and reduce the histone acetylation level of the genomic regions near ABA-responsive retained introns.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tu, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yen, M.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, J.-W. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.17.386672</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The histone deacetylase HDA15 interacts with MAC3A and MAC3B to regulate intron retention of ABA-responsive genes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.19.389437v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Differential Hsp90-dependent gene expression is strain-specific and common among yeast strains 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.19.389437v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Enhanced phenotypic diversity increases the likelihood of a population surviving catastrophic conditions. It has been suggested that Hsp90, an essential molecular chaperone in eukaryotes, can suppress (i.e., buffer) or enhance (i.e., potentiate) the effects of genetic variation, enabling organisms to adjust their levels of phenotypic diversity in response to environmental cues. Many Hsp90-interacting proteins are involved in signaling transduction pathways and transcriptional regulation. However, it remains unclear if Hsp90-dependent differential gene expression is common in natural populations. By examining the gene expression profiles of five diverse yeast strains, we identified many genes exhibiting Hsp90-dependent strain-specific differential expression. We employed an analysis pipeline to identify transcription factors (TFs) potentially contributing to variable expression. We found that upon Hsp90 inhibition or heat stress, activities or abundances of Hsp90-dependent TFs varied among strains, resulting in differential strain-specific expression of their target genes, which consequently led to phenotypic diversity. We provide evidence that individual populations can readily display specific Hsp90-dependent gene expression, suggesting that the evolutionary impacts of Hsp90 are widespread in nature.

HighlightsO_LIHsp90-dependent gene expression varies among different yeast strains.
C_LIO_LIHsp90 differentially influences transcriptional activity or protein abundances of transcription factors among yeast strains.
C_LIO_LIDifferential strain-specific gene expression is correlated with phenotypic variations upon Hsp90 inhibition.
C_LIO_LIHsp90-mediated strain-specific regulation manifests under environmental stress.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hung, P.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ko, F.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, H.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leu, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.19.389437</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Differential Hsp90-dependent gene expression is strain-specific and common among yeast strains]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.25.398784v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
phiC31 integrase for recombination mediated single copy insertion and genome manipulation in C. elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.25.398784v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
C. elegans benefits from a large set of tools for genome manipulation. Yet, the insertion of large DNA constructs and the generation of inversions is still challenging. Here, we adapted the phiC31 integrase system for C. elegans. We generated an integrated phiC31 integrase expressing strain flanked by attP sites that also serves as a landing pad for integration of transgenes by recombination mediated cassette exchange (RCME). This strain is unc-119(-) so RMCE integrants can be produced simply by injection of a plasmid carrying attB sites flanking unc-119(+) and the gene(s) of interest. Additionally, phiC31 integrase is removed concomitantly with integration, eliminating the need to outcross away the integrase. Integrations are relatively easy to obtain for insert sizes up to ~15 kb. Taking advantage of this integration method we establish a dual color fluorescent operon reporter system to study post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA. Last we show that large chromosomal segments can be inverted using phiC31 integrase. Thus the phiC31 integrase system should be a useful addition to the C. elegans toolkit.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, F.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, T.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, N.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kao, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, S.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.25.398784</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[phiC31 integrase for recombination mediated single copy insertion and genome manipulation in C. elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.27.399857v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Profiling Germline Adaptive Immune Receptor Repertoire with gAIRR Suite 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.27.399857v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genetic profiling of germline adaptive immune receptor repertoire (AIRR), including T cell receptor (TR) and immunoglobulin (IG), is imaginably relevant to numerous immune-related conditions, but currently insurmountable due to high genetic complexity. Our gAIRR Suite comprises three modules. gAIRR-seq, a probe capture-based targeted sequencing pipeline, profiles AIRR from individual DNA samples. gAIRR-call and gAIRR-annotate call alleles from gAIRR-seq reads and annotate whole-genome assemblies respectively. We gAIRR-seqed TRV and TRJ of seven Genome in a Bottle (GIAB) DNA samples with 100% accuracy, and discovered novel alleles. We also gAIRR-seqed and gAIRR-called a subject from both the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and oral mucosal cells. The calling results from these two cell types have a high concordance (99% for all known AIRR alleles). We gAIRR-annotated 36 genomes to cumulatively unearth 325 novel TRV alleles and 29 novel TRJ alleles. We could further profile the flanking sequences, including the recombination signal sequence (RSS). We validated two structural variants for HG002. We uncovered substantial conflicts of AIRR genes in references GRCh37 and GRCh38. The gAIRR Suite can potentially benefit future genetic study and clinical applications of various immune-related phenotypes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, M.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, N.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, A. C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, S.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, P.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.27.399857</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Profiling Germline Adaptive Immune Receptor Repertoire with gAIRR Suite]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.06.413948v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Detection of Deformed wing virus (DWV) in the Vietnamese Walking Stick Medauroidea extradentata (Phasmatodea) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.06.413948v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Deformed wing virus (DWV) is a single-stranded positive sense RNA virus which mainly infects honey bees (Apis mellifera) and can have devastating impacts on the colony. Recent studies have shown the presence of this virus in several species of Apis spp. and some other Hymenoptera, but our knowledge of their host range is very limited. We screened previously sequenced RNAseq libraries from different tissues of Vietnamese Walking Stick, Medauroidea extradentata (Phasmatodea) for DWV. We only found this virus in six libraries from anterior and posterior midgut tissue. From the midgut libraries we were able to construct the complete genome sequence of DWV, which consisted of 10,140 nucleotides and included one open reading frame. Pairwise genome comparison confirmed strong similarity (98.89%) of these assembled sequences with only 113 SNPs to the original DWV genome. Perhaps M. extradentata acquired this virus via a foodborne transmission by consuming DWV-infected material such as pollen or leaves contaminated with virus infected bee faeces.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shelomi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furlong, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Etebari, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.06.413948</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Detection of Deformed wing virus (DWV) in the Vietnamese Walking Stick Medauroidea extradentata (Phasmatodea)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.17.423354v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular insights into substrate recognition and discrimination by the N-terminal domain of Lon AAA+ protease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.17.423354v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Lon AAA+ proteases (LonA) is a ubiquitous ATP-dependent proteolytic machine, which selectively degrades damaged proteins or native proteins carrying exposed motifs (degrons). Here we characterize the structural basis for substrate recognition and discrimination by the N-terminal domain (NTD) of LonA. The results reveal that the six NTDs are attached to the hexameric LonA chamber by flexible linkers such that the formers tumble independently of the latter. Further spectral analyses show that the NTD selectively interacts with unfolded proteins, protein aggregates, and degron-tagged proteins by two hydrophobic patches of its N-lobe, but not intrinsically disordered substrate, -casein. Moreover, the NTD selectively binds to protein substrates when they are thermally induced to adopt unfolded conformations. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that NTDs enable LonA to perform protein quality control to selectively degrade proteins in damaged states and suggest that substrate discrimination and selective degradation by LonA are mediated by multiple NTD interactions.

Impact StatementThe N-terminal domains enable Lon protease to discriminate and capture selected protein species for degradation by exposed hydrophobic patches and flexible linkages to the hexameric core complex.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tzeng, S.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tseng, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, C.-I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.17.423354</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular insights into substrate recognition and discrimination by the N-terminal domain of Lon AAA+ protease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.06.425541v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
INPP5E regulates CD3ζ enrichment at the immune synapse by phosphoinositide distribution control 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.06.425541v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The immune synapse, a specialized interface formed between T lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells (APCs) after antigen recognition, is essential for T cell activation and the adaptive immune response. It has been shown that this interface shares similarities with the primary cilium, a sensory organelle in eukaryotic cells, although roles of ciliary proteins on the immune synapse remain elusive. In this study, we find that inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase E (INPP5E), a cilium-enriched protein responsible for regulating phosphoinositide localization, accumulated at the immune synapse during antigen-specific conjugation or antibody capping, and formed a complex with CD3{zeta}, ZAP-70, and Lck. Silencing INPP5E in T-cells impaired polarized distribution of CD3{zeta} at the immune synapse, and correlated with a failure of PI(4,5)P2 clearance at the center of the synapse. Moreover, INPP5E silencing decreased proximal TCR signaling, including phosphorylation of CD3{zeta} and ZAP-70, and finally, attenuated IL-2 secretion. Our results suggest that INPP5E is a new player in phosphoinositide manipulation at the synapse, controlling the TCR signaling cascade.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chiu, T.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, F.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chong, W. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.06.425541</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[INPP5E regulates CD3ζ enrichment at the immune synapse by phosphoinositide distribution control]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.19.427206v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Azithromycin Plus Zinc Sulfate Rapidly and Synergistically Suppresses IκBα-Mediated In Vitro Human Airway Cell ACE2 Expression for SARS-CoV-2 Entry 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.19.427206v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Large-scale efforts have been persistently undertaken for medical prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19 disasters worldwide. A variety of novel viral spike protein-targeted vaccine preparations have recently been clinically distributed based on accelerated approval. We revisited the early but inconclusive clinical interest in the combination of azithromycin and zinc sulfate repurposing with safety advantages. In vitro proof of concept was provided for rapid and synergistic suppression of ACE2 expression following treatments in human airway cells, Calu-3 and H322M. The two representative ACE2-expressing human airway cells indicate the upper and lower respiratory tracts. Prophylactic and early therapeutic roles of azithromycin combined with zinc are proposed for virus cellular entry prevention potential bridging to effective antibody production.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, T.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, B.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuang, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.19.427206</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Azithromycin Plus Zinc Sulfate Rapidly and Synergistically Suppresses IκBα-Mediated In Vitro Human Airway Cell ACE2 Expression for SARS-CoV-2 Entry]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.19.427256v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An all-solid-state heterojunction oxide transistor for the rapid detection of biomolecules and SARS-CoV-2 spike S1 protein 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.19.427256v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Solid-state transistor sensors that can detect biomolecules in real time are highly attractive for emerging bioanalytical applications. However, combining cost-effective manufacturing with high sensitivity, specificity and fast sensing response, remains challenging. Here we develop low-temperature solution-processed In2O3/ZnO heterojunction transistors featuring a geometrically engineered tri-channel architecture for rapid real-time detection of different biomolecules. The sensor combines a high electron mobility channel, attributed to the quasi-two-dimensional electron gas (q2DEG) at the buried In2O3/ZnO heterointerface, in close proximity to a sensing surface featuring tethered analyte receptors. The unusual tri-channel design enables strong coupling between the buried q2DEG and the minute electronic perturbations occurring during receptor-analyte interactions allowing for robust, real-time detection of biomolecules down to attomolar (aM) concentrations. By functionalizing the tri-channel surface with SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) antibody receptors, we demonstrate real-time detection of the SARS-CoV-2 spike S1 protein down to attomolar concentrations in under two minutes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>AlGhamdi, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, T.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, X.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seitkhan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mottram, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pattanasattayavong, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faber, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heeney, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anthopoulos, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.19.427256</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An all-solid-state heterojunction oxide transistor for the rapid detection of biomolecules and SARS-CoV-2 spike S1 protein]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.27.428372v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Zinc supplement augments the suppressive effects of repurposed drugs of NF-kappa B inhibitor on ACE2 expression in human lung cell lines in vitro. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.27.428372v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes a vast number of infections and fatalities worldwide. As the development and safety validation of effective vaccines are ongoing, drug repurposing is most efficient approach to search FDA approved agents against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In the present study, we found that endogenous ACE2 expressions could be detected in H322M and Calu-3 cell lines, as well as their ACE2 mRNA and protein expressions were suppressed by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), a NF-kappa B inhibitor, in dose- and time-dependent manners. Moreover, N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) pretreatment reversed PDTC-induced ACE2 suppression, as well as the combined treatment of hydrogen peroxide and knockdown of p50 subunit of NF-kappa B by siRNA reduced ACE2 expression in H322M cells. In addition, anthelmintic drug triclabendazole and antiprotozoal drug emetine, repurposed drugs of NF-kappa B inhibitor, also inhibited ACE2 mRNA and protein expressions in H322M cells. Moreover, zinc supplement augmented the suppressive effects of triclabendazole and emetine on ACE2 suppression in H322M and Calu-3 cells. Taken together, these results indicate that ACE2 expression is modulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NF-kappa B signal in human lung cell lines, and zinc combination with triclabendazole or emetine has the clinical potential for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, B.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.27.428372</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Zinc supplement augments the suppressive effects of repurposed drugs of NF-kappa B inhibitor on ACE2 expression in human lung cell lines in vitro.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.27.428541v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
D614G Substitution of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Increases Syncytium Formation and Viral Transmission via Enhanced Furin-mediated Spike Cleavage 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.27.428541v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Since the D614G substitution in the spike (S) of SARS-CoV-2 emerged, the variant strain underwent rapid expansion to become the most abundant strain worldwide. Therefore, this substitution may provide an advantage of viral spreading. To explore the mechanism, we analyzed 18 viral isolates containing S proteins with either G614 or D614. Both the virus titer and syncytial phenotype were significantly increased in S-G614 than in S-D614 isolates. We further showed increased cleavage of S at the furin substrate site, a key event that promotes syncytium, in S-G614 isolates. These functions of the D614G substitution were validated in cells expressing S protein. The effect on syncytium was abolished by furin inhibitor treatment and mutation of the furin-cleavage site, suggesting its dependence on cleavage by furin. Our study provides a mechanistic explanation for the increased transmissibility of S-G614 containing SARS-CoV-2 through enhanced furin-mediated S cleavage, which increases membrane fusion and virus infectivity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Y.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, T.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kao, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, Y.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, P.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.27.428541</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[D614G Substitution of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Increases Syncytium Formation and Viral Transmission via Enhanced Furin-mediated Spike Cleavage]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.31.429052v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DRDOCK: A Drug Repurposing platform integrating automated docking, simulations and a log-odds-based drug ranking scheme 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.31.429052v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationDrug repurposing, where drugs originally approved to treat a disease are reused to treat other diseases, has received escalating attention especially in pandemic years. Structure-based drug design, integrating small molecular docking, molecular dynamic (MD) simulations and AI, has demonstrated its evidenced importance in streamlining new drug development as well as drug repurposing. To perform a sophisticated and fully automated drug screening using all the FDA drugs, intricate programming, accurate drug ranking methods and friendly user interface are very much needed.

ResultsHere we introduce a new web server, DRDOCK, Drug Repurposing DOcking with Conformation-sampling and pose re-ranKing - refined by MD and statistical models, which integrates small molecular docking and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations for automatic drug screening of 2016 FDA-approved drugs over a user-submitted single-chained target protein. The drugs are ranked by a novel drug-ranking scheme using log-odds (LOD) scores, derived from feature distributions of true binders and decoys. Users can submit a selection of LOD-ranked poses for further MD-based binding affinity evaluation. We demonstrated that our platform can indeed recover one of the substrates for nsp16, a cap ribose 2'-O methyltransferase, and recommends that fluralaner, tegaserod and fenoterol could be repurposed for the COVID19 treatment with the latter two being confirmed in SARS-CoV2 suppression experiments. All the sampled docking poses and trajectories can be 3D-viewed and played via our web interface. This platform shall be easy-to-use for general scientists and medicinal researchers to carry out drug repurposing within a couple of days which should add value to our timely responses to, particularly, emergent disease outbreaks.

Availability and implementationDRDOCK can be freely accessed from https://dyn.life.nthu.edu.tw/drdock/. (Due to the hardware upgrade, the service is NOT available before 7/18, 2021)
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tsai, K.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.31.429052</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DRDOCK: A Drug Repurposing platform integrating automated docking, simulations and a log-odds-based drug ranking scheme]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.31.429063v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Consequences of the Nyquist-Shannon sampling criterion in Mesoscopic Multiphoton Microscopy to avail full-field sub-micron resolution resolvability 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.31.429063v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
With a limited effective voxel rate, to date, each laser-scanning mesoscopic multiphoton microscope (MPM), despite securing an ultra-large field of view (FOV) and an ultra-high optical resolution simultaneously, experiences a fundamental issue with digitization; i.e., inability to satisfy the Nyquist-Shannon sampling criterion to resolve the optics-limited sub-micron resolution over the whole FOV. Such a system either neglects the criterion degrading the digital resolution to twice the pixel size, or significantly reduces the imaging area and/or the imaging speed to respect the digitization. Here we introduce a Nyquist figure of merit parameter to assess this issue, further to comprehend a maximum aliasing-free FOV and a cross-over excitation wavelength for a laser scanning MPM system. Based on our findings we demonstrate an ultra-high voxel rate acquisition in a custom-built mesoscopic MPM system to exceed the Nyquist-rate for a >3800 FOV-resolution ratio while not compromising the imaging speed as well as the photon-budget.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Borah, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chi, H.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsiao, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yen, C.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, C.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.31.429063</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Consequences of the Nyquist-Shannon sampling criterion in Mesoscopic Multiphoton Microscopy to avail full-field sub-micron resolution resolvability]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.01.429279v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The impact of distributional assumptions in gene-set and pathway analysis: how far can it go wrong? 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.01.429279v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene-set analysis (GSA) has been one of the standard procedures for exploring potential biological functions when a group of differentially expressed genes have been derived. The development of its methodology has been an active research topic in recent decades. Many GSA methods, when newly proposed, rely on simulation studies to evaluate their performance with a common implicit assumption that the multivariate expression values are normally distributed. The validity of this assumption has been disputed in several studies but no systematic analysis has been carried out to assess the influence of this distributional assumption. Our goal in this study is not to propose a new GSA method but to first examine if the multi-dimensional gene expression data in gene sets follow a multivariate normal distribution (MVN). Six statistical methods in three categories of MVN tests were considered and applied to a total of twenty-two datasets of expression data from studies involving tumor and normal tissues, with ten signaling pathways chosen as the gene sets. Second, we evaluated the influence of non-normality on the performance of current GSA tools, including parametric and non-parametric methods. Specifically, the scenario of mixture distributions representing the case of different tumor subtypes was considered. Our first finding suggests that the MVN assumption should be carefully dealt with. It does not hold true in many applications tested here. The second investigation of the GSA tools demonstrates that the non-normality does affect the performance of these GSA methods, especially when subtypes exist. We conclude that the use of the inherent multivariate normality assumption should be assessed with care in evaluating new GSA tools, since this MVN assumption cannot be guaranteed and this assumption affects strongly the performance of GSA methods. If a newly proposed GSA method is to be evaluated, we recommend the incorporation of multivariate non-normal distributions or sampling from large databases if available.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ho, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukherjee, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsiao, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.01.429279</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The impact of distributional assumptions in gene-set and pathway analysis: how far can it go wrong?]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.15.431287v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Synthetic dysmobility screen unveils an integrated STK40-YAP-MAPK system driving cell migration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.15.431287v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Integrating signals is essential for cell survival, leading to the concept of synthetic lethality. However, how signaling is integrated to control cell migration remains unclear. By conducting a "two-hit" screen, we revealed the synergistic reduction of cell migration when serine-threonine kinase 40 (STK40) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were simultaneously suppressed. Single-cell analyses showed that STK40 knockdown reduced cell motility and coordination by strengthening focal adhesion (FA) complexes. Furthermore, STK40 knockdown reduced translocation of yes-associated protein (YAP) into the nucleus, while MAPK inhibition further weakened YAP activities in the nucleus to disturb FA remodeling. Altogether, we unveiled an integrated STK40-YAP-MAPK system regulating cell migration, and introduced "synthetic dysmobility" as a novel strategy to collaboratively control cell migration.

One Sentence SummaryBlocking collaborative pathways within the integrated signaling network synergistically disrupts the migration of cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, L.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tseng, T.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, T.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, C.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, F.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.15.431287</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Synthetic dysmobility screen unveils an integrated STK40-YAP-MAPK system driving cell migration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.18.431691v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Revisiting the early evolution of Cyanobacteria with a new thylakoid-less and deeply diverged isolate from a hornwort 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.18.431691v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cyanobacteria have played pivotal roles in Earths geological history especially during the rise of atmospheric oxygen. However, our ability to infer the early transitions in Cyanobacteria evolution has been limited by their extremely lopsided tree of life--the vast majority of extant diversity belongs to Phycobacteria (or "crown Cyanobacteria"), while its sister lineage, Gloeobacteria, is depauperate and contains only two closely related species of Gloeobacter and a metagenome-assembled genome. Here we describe a new culturable member of Gloeobacteria, Anthocerobacter panamensis, isolated from a tropical hornwort. Anthocerobacter diverged from Gloeobacter over 1.4 billion years ago and has low 16S identities with environmental samples. Our ultrastructural, physiological, and genomic analyses revealed that this species possesses a unique combination of traits that are exclusively shared with either Gloeobacteria or Phycobacteria. For example, similar to Gloeobacter, it lacks thylakoids and circadian clock genes, but the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway is typical of Phycobacteria. Furthermore, Anthocerobacter has one of the most reduced gene sets for photosystems and phycobilisomes among Cyanobacteria. Despite this, Anthocerobacter is capable of oxygenic photosynthesis under a wide range of light intensities, albeit with much less efficiency. Given its key phylogenetic position, distinct trait combination, and availability as a culture, Anthocerobacter opens a new window to further illuminate the dawn of oxygenic photosynthesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rahmatpour, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hauser, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, P. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villarreal, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, M.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, F.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.18.431691</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Revisiting the early evolution of Cyanobacteria with a new thylakoid-less and deeply diverged isolate from a hornwort]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.08.434383v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Climate fluctuations drive the recruitment and growth of temperate grassland plants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.08.434383v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent climate warming is associated with the increasing magnitude and frequency of extreme events, including heatwaves and drought periods worldwide. Such events can have major effects on the species composition of plant communities, hence on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Here we studied responses of Central European dry grassland plants to fluctuating temperature and precipitation over the last thirty years with monthly temporal resolution. We assessed the seasonal and annual dynamics of plant recruitment and growth based on the analysis of annual growth rings from the root collar. Although most studies so far applied such methods to trees and shrubs, we focused on typical grassland plants, two forbs and two chamaephytes. We related the recruitment and annual growth to monthly and annual precipitation, temperature and aridity between 1991 and 2019. We revealed species-specific responses, namely the (i) recruitment of deep-rooted, heavy-seeded species was positively affected by precipitation in both late winter-early spring and summer, whereas recruitment of shallow-rooted, light-seeded species was weakly influenced by climate fluctuations; (ii) growth of shallow-rooted species was more adversely affected by high summer temperature and drought than the growth of deep-rooted species. The population age structure of all the studied species was affected by the climate of the past decades. Most individuals established in the wet period of the 2000s, fewer in the precipitation-poorer 1990s, and the establishment was considerably reduced in the dry and warm period of the 2010s. Our findings indicate that the change towards warmer and drier climate has a profound effect even on drought-adapted ecosystems such as temperate dry grasslands. However, plant responses to various climatic extremes are species-specific, depending on their characteristics, such as life form or rooting depth. Consequently, the ongoing and anticipated climate warming will likely result in complex changes in species composition and other ecosystem properties of temperate grasslands
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dolezal, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jandova, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chytry, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conti, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendez-Castro, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klimesova, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeleny, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ottaviani, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.08.434383</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Climate fluctuations drive the recruitment and growth of temperate grassland plants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.08.434500v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Complete genome sequence of Xylella taiwanensis and comparative analysis of virulence gene content with Xylella fastidiosa 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.08.434500v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The bacterial genus Xylella contains plant pathogens that are major threats to agriculture in America and Europe. Although extensive research was conducted to characterize different subspecies of Xylella fastidiosa (Xf), comparative analysis at above-species levels were lacking due to the unavailability of appropriate data sets. Recently, a bacterium that causes pear leaf scorch (PLS) in Taiwan was described as the second Xylella species (i.e., Xylella taiwanensis; Xt). In this work, we report the complete genome sequence of Xt type strain PLS229T. The genome-scale phylogeny provided strong support that Xf subspecies pauca (Xfp) is the basal lineage of this species and Xylella was derived from the paraphyletic genus Xanthomonas. Quantification of genomic divergence indicated that different Xf subspecies share [~]87-95% of their chromosomal segments, while the two Xylella species share only [~]66-70%. Analysis of overall gene content suggested that Xt is most similar to Xf subspecies sandyi (Xfs). Based on the existing knowledge of Xf virulence genes, the homolog distribution among 28 Xylella representatives was examined. Among the 11 functional categories, those involved in secretion and metabolism are the most conserved ones with no copy number variation. In contrast, several genes related to adhesins, hydrolytic enzymes, and toxin-antitoxin systems are highly variable in their copy numbers. Those virulence genes with high levels of conservation or variation may be promising candidates for future studies. In summary, the new genome sequence and analysis reported in this work contributed to the study of several important pathogens in the family Xanthomonadaceae.

Contribution to the FieldXylella fastidiosa is a plant-pathogenic bacterium with multiple subspecies that are major threats to agriculture in America and Europe. Although extensive research has been conducted, comparative analysis of this species with other bacteria is lacking due to the unavailability of known close relatives. In this work, we report the complete genome sequence of Xylella taiwanensis, a newly described species within the same genus. This new data set and our focused analysis helped to better understand the evolutionary relationships among different Xylella lineages and their genomic diversity. Moreover, detailed examination of their virulence genes identified those that are either highly conserved or variable, providing promising candidates for future studies to further investigate the molecular mechanisms of Xylella virulence.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Weng, L.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, C.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, S.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, A.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chou, S.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.08.434500</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Complete genome sequence of Xylella taiwanensis and comparative analysis of virulence gene content with Xylella fastidiosa]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.24.436723v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic differentiation of Xylella fastidiosa following the introduction into Taiwan 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.24.436723v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The economically important plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa has been reported in multiple regions of the globe during the last two decades, threatening a growing list of crops and industries. Xylella fastidiosa subspecies fastidiosa causes disease in grapevines (Pierces disease of grapevines, PD), a current problem in the United States (US), Spain, and Taiwan. We studied PD-causing subsp. fastidiosa populations and compared the genome sequences of 33 isolates found in Central Taiwan with 171 isolates from the US and two from Spain.

Phylogenetic relationships, haplotype network, and genetic diversity analyses confirm that subsp. fastidiosa was recently introduced into Taiwan from the Southeast US (i.e., the PD-I lineage in Georgia based on available data). Recent core genome recombination events were detected among introduced subsp. fastidiosa isolates in Taiwan and contributed to the development of genetic diversity, particularly in the Houli District of Taichung City in Central Taiwan. Unexpectedly, despite comprehensive sampling of all regions with high PD incidences in Taiwan, the genetic diversity observed include contributions through recombination from unknown donors, suggesting that higher diversity exists in the region. Nevertheless, no recombination event was detected between X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa and the endemic sister species Xylella taiwanensis. In summary, this study improved our understanding of the genetic diversity of PD-causing subsp. fastidiosa after invasion to a new region.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Castillo, A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weng, L.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, S.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Almeida, R. P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.24.436723</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic differentiation of Xylella fastidiosa following the introduction into Taiwan]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.24.436900v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrated multi-omics investigations reveal the key role of synergistic microbial networks in removing plasticizer di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate from estuarine sediments 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.24.436900v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is the most widely used plasticizer worldwide with an annual global production of over eight million tons. Because of its improper disposal, endocrine-disrupting DEHP often accumulates in estuarine sediments in industrialized countries at sub-millimolar levels, resulting in adverse effects on both ecosystems and human beings. The microbial degraders and biodegradation pathways of DEHP in O2-limited estuarine sediments remain elusive. Here, we employed an integrated meta-omics approach to identify the DEHP degradation pathway and major degraders in this ecosystem. Estuarine sediments were treated with DEHP or its derived metabolites, o-phthalic acid and benzoic acid. The rate of DEHP degradation in denitrifying mesocosms was two times slower than that of o-phthalic acid, suggesting that side-chain hydrolysis of DEHP is the rate-limiting step of anaerobic DEHP degradation. On the basis of microbial community structures, functional gene expression, and metabolite profile analysis, we proposed that DEHP biodegradation in estuarine sediments is mainly achieved through synergistic networks between denitrifying proteobacteria. Acidovorax and Sedimenticola are the major degraders of DEHP side-chains; the resulting o-phthalic acid is mainly degraded by Aestuariibacter through the UbiD-dependent benzoyl-CoA pathway. We isolated and characterized Acidovorax sp. strain 210-6 and its extracellular hydrolase, which hydrolyzes both alkyl side-chains of DEHP. Interestingly, genes encoding DEHP/MEHP hydrolase and phthaloyl-CoA decarboxylase--key enzymes for side-chain hydrolysis and o-phthalic acid degradation, respectively--are flanked by transposases in these proteobacterial genomes, indicating that DEHP degradation capacity is likely transferred horizontally in microbial communities.

ImportanceXenobiotic phthalate esters (PAE) have been produced on a considerably large scale for only 70 years. The occurrence of endocrine-disrupting di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in environments has raised public concern, and estuarine sediments are major DEHP reservoirs. Our multi-omics analyses indicated that complete DEHP degradation in O2-limited estuarine sediments depends on synergistic microbial networks between diverse denitrifying proteobacteria and uncultured candidates. Our data also suggest that the side-chain hydrolysis of DEHP, rather than o-phthalic acid activation, is the rate-limiting step in DEHP biodegradation within O2-limited estuarine sediments. Therefore, deciphering the bacterial ecophysiology and related biochemical mechanisms can help facilitate the practice of bioremediation in O2-limited environments. Furthermore, the DEHP hydrolase genes of active DEHP degraders can be used as molecular markers to monitor environmental DEHP degradation. Finally, future studies on the directed evolution of identified DEHP/MEHP hydrolase would bring a more catalytically efficient DEHP/MEHP hydrolase into practice.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wei, S. T.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, T.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ismail, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, T.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, Y.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.24.436900</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrated multi-omics investigations reveal the key role of synergistic microbial networks in removing plasticizer di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate from estuarine sediments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.27.437239v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mathematical Model for the Study of Mitochondrial Retrograde Signaling Dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.27.437239v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitochondria, semi-autonomous eukaryotic organelles, participate in energy production and metabolism, making mitochondrial quality control crucial. As most mitochondrial proteins are encoded by nuclear genes, quality control depends on proper mitochondria-nucleus communication, designated mitochondrial retrograde signaling. Early studies focused on retrograde signaling participants and specific gene knockouts. However, mitochondrial signal modulation remains elusive. Using yeast, we simulated signal propagation following mitochondrial damage and proposed a mathematical model based ordinary differential equations. Mitochondrial retrograde signaling decisions were described using a Boolean model. Dynamics were analyzed through an ordinary differential equation-based model and extended to evaluate the model response to noisy damage signals. Simulation revealed localized protein concentration dynamics, including waveforms, frequency response, and robustness under noise. Retrograde signaling is bistable with three localized steady states, and increased damage compromises robustness. We elucidated mitochondrial retrograde signaling, thus providing a basis for drug design against yeast and fungi.

Author SummaryThe yeast RTG pathway regulates mitochondrial metabolism and mitochondrial quality through passing mitochondrial signal to the nucleus to modulate gene expressions. Using microscopic data of RTG proteins translocation from cytosol to nucleus, the parameters were found by fitting 16 knockout conditions simulated from the proposed differential equation-based model. Further, through dose response, ultrasensitivity, frequency response and noise interference, we demonstrated a switch-like property of RTG pathway activation, a capacity charging property of RTG protein translocation, a low pass filter property of signals in different frequencies, and noise amplification due to mitochondrial signal. The proposed mathematical model enables us to understand the dynamics and mechanisms in mitochondrial retrograde signaling in yeast and provides potential antifungal treatment strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chiu, S.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tseng, W.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, A.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.27.437239</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mathematical Model for the Study of Mitochondrial Retrograde Signaling Dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.28.437426v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
COVID-19 dominant D614G mutation in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein desensitizes its temperature-dependent denaturation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.28.437426v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The D614G mutation in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 alters the fitness of the virus, making it the dominant form in the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we demonstrated by cryo-electron microscopy that the D614G mutation does not significantly perturb the structure of the spike protein, but multiple receptor binding domains are in an upward conformation poised for host receptor binding. The impact of the mutation lies in its ability to eliminate the unusual cold-induced unfolding characteristics, and to significantly increase the thermal stability under physiological pH. Our findings shed light on how the D614G mutation enhances the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 through a stabilizing mutation, and suggest an approach for better design of spike-protein based conjugates for vaccine development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, T.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khoo, K.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, S.-T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.28.437426</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[COVID-19 dominant D614G mutation in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein desensitizes its temperature-dependent denaturation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.08.439008v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Positive Regulatory Feedback Loop Between 1 EKLF/ KLF1 and TAL1/SCL2 Sustaining the Erythropoiesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.08.439008v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The erythroid Kruppel-like factor EKLF/KLF1 is a hematopoietic transcription factor binding to CACCC DNA motif and participating in the regulation of erythroid differentiation. With combined use of microarray-based gene expression profiling and promoter-based ChIP-chip assay of E14.5 fetal liver cells from wild type (WT) and EKLF-knockout (Eklf-/-) mouse embryos, we have identified the pathways and direct target genes activated or repressed by EKLF. This genome-wide study together with molecular/cellular analysis of mouse erythroleukemic cells (MEL) indicate that among the downstream direct target genes of EKLF is Tal1/Scl. Tal1/Scl encodes another DNA-binding hematopoietic transcription factor TAL1/SCL known to be an Eklf activator and essential for definitive erythroid differentiation. Further identification of the authentic Tall gene promoter in combination with in vivo genomic footprinting approach and DNA reporter assay demonstrate that EKLF activates Tall gene through binding to a specific CACCC motif located in its promoter. These data establish the existence of a previously unknow positive regulatory feedback loop between two DNA-binding hematopoietic transcription factors that sustains the mammalian erythropoiesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hung, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, T.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, K.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shyu, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, S.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, M.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, C.-K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.08.439008</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Positive Regulatory Feedback Loop Between 1 EKLF/ KLF1 and TAL1/SCL2 Sustaining the Erythropoiesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.18.440359v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Connecting MHC-I-binding motifs with HLA alleles via deep learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.18.440359v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The selection of peptides presented by MHC molecules is crucial for antigen discovery. Previously, several predictors have shown impressive performance on binding affinity. However, the decisive MHC residues and their relation to the selection of binding peptides are still unrevealed. Here, we connected HLA alleles with binding motifs via our deep learning-based framework, MHCfovea. MHCfovea expanded the knowledge of MHC-I-binding motifs from 150 to 13,008 alleles. After clustering N-terminal and C-terminal sub-motifs on both observed and unobserved alleles, MHCfovea calculated the hyper-motifs and the corresponding allele signatures on the important positions to disclose the relation between binding motifs and MHC-I sequences. MHCfovea delivered 32 pairs of hyper-motifs and allele signatures (HLA-A: 13, HLA-B: 12, and HLA-C: 7). The paired hyper-motifs and allele signatures disclosed the critical polymorphic residues that determine the binding preference, which are believed to be valuable for antigen discovery and vaccine design when allele specificity is concerned.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, K.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, T.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juan, H.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, H.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.18.440359</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Connecting MHC-I-binding motifs with HLA alleles via deep learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.19.440397v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Positive modulation of cerebellar α6GABAA receptors for treating essential tremor: a proof-of-concept study in harmaline-treated mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.19.440397v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe etiology of essential tremor (ET) remains unclear but may involve abnormal firing of Purkinje cells, which receive excitatory inputs from granule cells in the cerebellum. Since 6 subunit-containing GABAA receptors (6GABAARs) are abundantly expressed in granule cells, we validated a hypothesis that 6GABAAR-selective positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) are promising pharmacological interventions for ET therapy.

MethodsEmploying the harmaline-induced ET model in male ICR mice, we evaluated the possible anti-tremor effects of four 6GABAAR-selective PAMs, the pyrazoloquinolinones Compound 6 and LAU-463 and their respective deuterated derivatives. Propranolol, a clinical anti-tremor agent, was employed as positive control. To investigate the involvement of cerebellar 6GABAARs in the antitremor effect of intraperitoneal (i.p.) Compound 6, furosemide, an 6GABAAR antagonist, was intracerebellarly (i.cb.) co-administered with Compound 6. The burrowing activity, an indicator of wellbeing in rodents, was measured concurrently.

ResultsHarmaline (10-30 mg/kg, s.c.) induced action tremor in ICR mice dose-dependently and markedly reduced their burrowing activity. Compound 6 (3 and 10 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly attenuated harmaline (20 mg/kg)-induced action tremor and burrowing activity impairment. Propranolol (20 mg/kg, i.p.) diminished tremor but failed to restore the burrowing activity in harmaline-treated mice. Importantly, both anti-tremor and burrowing activity restorative effects of Compound 6 (10 mg/kg, i.p.) was significantly reversed by co-administration of i.cb. furosemide at a dose (10 nmol/0.5 l) having no effect per se. All four 6GABAAR PAMs exhibited a similar therapeutic efficacy.

Conclusion6GABAAR-selective PAMs significantly attenuated action tremor and restored physical well-being in a mouse model mimicking ET by acting in the cerebellum. Thus, 6GABAAR-selective PAMs may be potential therapeutic agents for ET.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sieghart, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knutson, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wimmer, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharmin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cook, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mihovilovic, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiou, L.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.19.440397</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Positive modulation of cerebellar α6GABAA receptors for treating essential tremor: a proof-of-concept study in harmaline-treated mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.22.440886v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of essential β-oxidation genes and corresponding metabolites for estrogen degradation by actinobacteria 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.22.440886v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Steroidal estrogens (C18) are contaminants receiving increasing attention due to their endocrine-disrupting activities at sub-nanomolar concentrations. Although estrogens can be eliminated through photodegradation, microbial function is critical for removing estrogens from ecosystems devoid of sunlight exposure including activated sludge, soils, and aquatic sediments. Actinobacteria were found to be key estrogen degraders in manure-contaminated soils and estuarine sediments. Previously, we used the actinobacterium Rhodococcus sp. strain B50 as a model microorganism to identify two oxygenase genes, aedA and aedB, involved in the activation and subsequent cleavage of the estrogenic A-ring, respectively. However, genes responsible for the downstream degradation of estrogen A/B-rings remained completely unknown. In this study, we employed tiered comparative transcriptomics, gene disruption experiments, and mass spectrometry-based metabolite profile analysis to identify estrogen catabolic genes. We observed the up-regulation of thiolase-encoding aedF and aedK in the transcriptome of strain B50 grown with estrone. Consistently, two downstream estrogenic metabolites, 5-oxo-4-norestrogenic acid (C17) and 2,3,4-trinorestrogenic acid (C15), were accumulated in aedF- and aedK-disrupted strain B50 cultures. Disruption of fadD3 [3a-H-4(3-propanoate)-7a{beta}-methylhexahydro-1,5-indanedione (HIP)-coenzyme A ligase gene] in strain B50 resulted in apparent HIP accumulation in estrone-fed cultures, indicating the essential role of fadD3 in actinobacterial estrogen degradation. In addition, we detected a unique meta-cleavage product, 4,5-seco-estrogenic acid (C18), during actinobacterial estrogen degradation. Differentiating the estrogenic metabolite profile and degradation genes of actinobacteria and proteobacteria enables the cost-effective and time-saving identification of potential estrogen degraders in various ecosystems through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and polymerase chain reaction-based functional assays.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hsiao, T.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, T.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuang, M.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horinouchi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayashi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, Y.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.22.440886</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of essential β-oxidation genes and corresponding metabolites for estrogen degradation by actinobacteria]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.03.442461v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Misregulation of MYB16 causes stomatal cluster formation by disrupting polarity in asymmetric cell division 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.03.442461v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Stomata and leaf cuticle regulate water evaporation from the plant body and balance the trade-off between photosynthesis and water loss. We identified MYB16, a key transcription factor controlling cutin biosynthesis, from previous stomatal lineage ground cell (SLGC)-enriched transcriptome study. The preferential localization of MYB16 in SLGCs but not meristemoids suggests a link between cutin synthesis and stomatal development. Here, we showed that downregulation of MYB16 in meristemoids was directly mediated by the stomatal master transcription factor, SPEECHLESS (SPCH). The suppression of MYB16 before asymmetric division was crucial for stomatal patterning because overexpression or ectopic expression of MYB16 in meristemoids increased impermeability and elevated stomatal density and clusters. The aberrant pattern of stomata was due to reduced and disrupted establishment of polarity during asymmetric cell division. Manipulating polarity by growing seedlings on hard agar rescued stomatal clusters and polarity defects in MYB16 ectopic lines. By expressing a cutinase in MYB16 ectopic lines, stomatal clustering was reduced, which suggests that the ectopic accumulation of cuticle affects the polarity in asymmetrically dividing cells and causes clustered stomata. Taken together, inhibiting MYB16 expression by SPCH in early stomatal lineage is required to correctly place the polarity complex for proper stomatal patterning during leaf morphogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, M.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, C.-M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.03.442461</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Misregulation of MYB16 causes stomatal cluster formation by disrupting polarity in asymmetric cell division]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.06.443006v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Endothelial restoration of CAD GWAS gene PLPP3 by nanomedicine suppresses YAP/TAZ activity and reduces atherosclerosis in vivo 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.06.443006v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have suggested new molecular mechanisms in vascular cells driving atherosclerotic diseases such as coronary artery disease (CAD) and ischemic stroke (IS). Nevertheless, a major challenge to develop new therapeutic approaches is to spatiotemporally manipulate these GWAS-identified genes in specific vascular tissues in vivo. YAP (Yes-associated protein) and TAZ (transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif) have merged as critical transcriptional regulators in cells responding to biomechanical stimuli, such as in athero-susceptible endothelial cells activated by disturbed flow (DF). The molecular mechanisms by which DF activates while unidirectional flow (UF) inactivates YAP/TAZ remain incompletely understood. Recent studies demonstrated that DF and genetic predisposition (risk allele) of CAD/IS locus 1p32.2 converge to reduce phospholipid phosphatase 3 (PLPP3) expression in vascular endothelium. Restoration of endothelial PLPP3 in vivo, although remains challenging and unexplored, is hypothesized to reduce atherosclerosis. We devised a nanomedicine system integrating nanoparticles and Cdh5 promoter-driven plasmids to successfully restore PLPP3 expression in activated endothelium, resulting in suppressed YAP/TAZ activity and reduced DF-induced atherosclerosis in mice. Mechanistically, our studies discovered a molecular paradigm by which CAD/IS GWAS gene PLPP3 inactivates YAP/TAZ by reducing lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-induced myosin II and ROCK in endothelium under UF. These results highlight a new mechanistic link between GWAS and YAP/TAZ mechano-regulation and moreover, establish a proof of concept of vascular wall-based therapies employing targeted nanomedicine to manipulate CAD/IS GWAS genes in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, C.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, R.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, T.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shentu, T.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, K.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.06.443006</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Endothelial restoration of CAD GWAS gene PLPP3 by nanomedicine suppresses YAP/TAZ activity and reduces atherosclerosis in vivo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.10.443453v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The polar flagellar transcriptional regulatory network in Vibrio campbellii deviates from canonical Vibrio species 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.10.443453v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Vibrio campbellii is a Gram-negative bacterium that is free-living and ubiquitous in marine environments, and it is a pathogen of fish and shellfish. Swimming motility via a single polar flagellum is a critical virulence factor in V. campbellii pathogenesis, and disruption of the flagellar motor significantly decreases host mortality. To examine V. campbellii flagellar gene regulation, we identified homologs of flagellar and chemotaxis genes conserved in other members of the Vibrionaceae and determined the transcriptional profile of these loci using differential RNA-seq. We systematically deleted all 63 predicted flagellar and chemotaxis genes in V. campbellii and examined their effects on motility and flagellum production. We specifically focused on the core flagellar regulators of the flagellar regulatory hierarchy established in other Vibrios: RpoN ({sigma}54), FlrA, FlrC, and FliA. Our results show that V. campbellii transcription of flagellar and chemotaxis genes is governed by a multi-tiered regulatory hierarchy similar to other motile Vibrio species but with two critical differences: the {sigma}54-dependent regulator FlrA is dispensable for motility, and Class II gene expression is independent of {sigma}54 regulation. Our genetic and phenotypic dissection of the V. campbellii flagellar regulatory network highlights the differences that have evolved in flagellar regulation across the Vibrionaceae.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Petersen, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Podicheti, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, A. Y.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hemmerich, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rusch, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Kessel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.10.443453</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The polar flagellar transcriptional regulatory network in Vibrio campbellii deviates from canonical Vibrio species]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.13.444066v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Insularity forcing on plant persistence strategies in edaphic island systems 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.13.444066v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AimTrait-based approaches are increasingly implemented in island biogeography, providing key insights into the eco-evolutionary dynamics of insular systems. However, what determines persistence of plant species once they have arrived and established in an island remains largely unexplored. Here, we examined links between non-acquisitive persistence strategies and insularity across three terrestrial edaphic island systems, hypothesising that insularity promotes strategies for local persistence.

LocationEurope: Western Carpathians, Moravia, and Cantabrian Range.

Time periodPresent.

Major taxa studiedVascular plants.

MethodsFor each system, we used linear models at the island scale to test whether persistence-related plant trait patterns (average trait values and diversity) depend on three insularity metrics (island size, isolation and target effect). We focused on patterns of edaphic island specialists because, in contrast to matrix-derived species, their presence is confined to the edaphic islands.

ResultsWe found that insularity metrics explained large proportions in the variation of the average and diversity of persistence-related traits of edaphic island specialists. Insularity was associated with a decline in the proportion of island specialists that have clonal abilities, yet it affected trait values of specialists towards enhanced abilities to persist locally (e.g. more extensive lateral spread) while reducing trait variability. Higher degrees of insularity within the systems were translated to stronger effects on functional trait patterns.

Main conclusionsInsularity affects plant species diversity, distribution and forms in terrestrial island-like systems, similarly as it is assumed for true islands. Insularity - measured using a single (island size, isolation) or combined (target effect) predictors - may operate selecting for enhanced and less diverse persistence strategies. Ultimately, this process, which we call insularity forcing, operates as a selective process to promote species ability to avoid local extinction and to persist on terrestrial islands.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Conti, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendez-Castro, F. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chytry, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goetzenberger, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hajek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horsak, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jimenez-Alfaro, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klimesova, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeleny, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ottaviani, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.13.444066</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Insularity forcing on plant persistence strategies in edaphic island systems]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.14.444243v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
C. elegans DSB-3 Reveals Conservation and Divergence among Protein Complexes Promoting Meiotic Double-Strand Breaks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.14.444243v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Meiotic recombination plays dual roles in the evolution and stable inheritance of genomes: recombination promotes genetic diversity by reassorting variants, and it establishes temporary connections between pairs of homologous chromosomes that ensure for their future segregation. Meiotic recombination is initiated by generation of double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) by the conserved topoisomerase-like protein Spo11. Despite strong conservation of Spo11 across eukaryotic kingdoms, auxiliary complexes that interact with Spo11 complexes to promote DSB formation are poorly conserved. Here, we identify DSB-3 as a DSB-promoting protein in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Mutants lacking DSB-3 are proficient for homolog pairing and synapsis but fail to form meiotic crossovers. Lack of crossovers in dsb-3 mutants reflects a requirement for DSB-3 in meiotic DSB formation. DSB-3 concentrates in meiotic nuclei with timing similar to DSB-1 and DSB-2 (predicted homologs of yeast/mammalian Rec114/REC114), and DSB-1, DSB-2, and DSB-3 are interdependent for this localization. Bioinformatics analysis and interactions among the DSB proteins support the identity of DSB-3 as a homolog of MEI4 in conserved DSB-promoting complexes. This identification is reinforced by colocalization of pairwise combinations of DSB-1, DSB-2, and DSB-3 foci in structured illumination microscopy images of spread nuclei. However, unlike yeast Rec114, DSB-1 can interact directly with SPO-11, and in contrast to mouse REC114 and MEI4, DSB-1, DSB-2 and DSB-3 are not concentrated predominantly at meiotic chromosome axes. We speculate that variations in the meiotic program that have co-evolved with distinct reproductive strategies in diverse organisms may contribute to and/or enable diversification of essential components of the meiotic machinery.

Significance StatementFaithful inheritance of chromosomes during meiosis depends on the formation and repair of double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs), which are generated through the activity of a topoisomerase-like protein known as Spo11. Spo11 exhibits strong conservation throughout eukaryotes, presumably reflecting constraints imposed by its biochemical activity, but auxiliary proteins that collaborate with Spo11 to promote and regulate DSB formation are less well conserved. Here we investigate a cohort of proteins comprising a complex required for meiotic DSB formation in Caenorhabditis elegans, providing evidence for both conservation with and divergence from homologous complexes in other organisms. This work highlights the evolutionary malleability of protein complexes that serve essential, yet auxiliary, roles in fundamental biological processes that are central to reproduction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hinman, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roelens, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamaya, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woglar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bourbon, H.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villeneuve, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.14.444243</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[C. elegans DSB-3 Reveals Conservation and Divergence among Protein Complexes Promoting Meiotic Double-Strand Breaks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.25.445523v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Impact of Glycosylation on SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Broadly Protective Vaccine Design 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.25.445523v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A major challenge to end the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is to develop a broadly protective vaccine. As the key immunogen, the spike protein is frequently mutated with conserved epitopes shielded by glycans. Here, we reveal that spike glycosylation has site-differential effects on viral infectivity and lung epithelial cells generate spike with more infective glycoforms. Compared to the fully glycosylated spike, immunization of spike protein with N-glycans trimmed to the monoglycosylated state (Smg) elicits stronger immune responses and better protection for hACE2 transgenic mice against variants of concern. In addition, a broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody was identified from the Smg immunized mice, demonstrating that removal of glycan shields to better expose the conserved sequences is an effective and simple approach to broad-spectrum vaccine development.

One-Sentence SummaryRemoving glycan shields to expose conserved epitopes is an effective approach to develop a broad-spectrum SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liao, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shahed-Al-Mahmud, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, T.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lo, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, H.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, T.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kao, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, Y.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, K.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jan, J.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, K.-I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, T.-J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.25.445523</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Impact of Glycosylation on SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Broadly Protective Vaccine Design]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.27.445912v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Case study: Digital spatial profiling of metastatic clear cell carcinoma reveals intra-tumor heterogeneity in epithelial-mesenchymal gradient. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.27.445912v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intrinsic intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH) has been linked to worse patient outcomes. The development of spatial profiling technology has enabled the deciphering of ITH with multiple analysis readouts. Advanced ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC), known to harbor ITH, is chemoresistant, poor prognostic, and possesses distinct molecular and histological characteristics. However, detailed spatial information of the nature of ITH within OCCC remains unclear. Here, we utilized the NanoString Digital spatial profiling (DSP) GeoMx platform to perform multiplex protein expression analysis on tumor samples of primary and colonic metastatic sites from one advanced OCCC patient. The spatial resolution revealed the existence of an epithelial-mesenchymal (EM) gradient within the metastatic tumor but not the primary tumor, and similar EM gradient was not observed within the primary tumor. The EM gradient exhibited a distinct pattern from the periphery to the core of the metastatic tumor. Compared to tumor cells at the primary site, there was an intermediate zone in between the tumor periphery and the tumor core in the colonic metastasis with differential expression patterns of pan-cytokeratin (PanCK), fibronectin (FN), smooth muscle actin (SMA), neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), integrin alpha X (ITGAX), and Ki-67. Our study provides the first spatially resolved in situ evidence of intermediate or hybrid EM states within the tumor samples of similar morphology. This not only demonstrates the promising applications of spatial profiling in precision medicine but also provides an unprecedented view of the EM gradient during the progression of cancer such as OCCC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, D. Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, T. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tai, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, W.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, L.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, R. Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.27.445912</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Case study: Digital spatial profiling of metastatic clear cell carcinoma reveals intra-tumor heterogeneity in epithelial-mesenchymal gradient.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.30.446323v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Apical Actin-myosin Network Regulates the Tight Junction of Polarized Madin-Darby Canine Kidney Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.30.446323v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The tight junction outlines the apicolateral border of epithelial cells like a belt, sealing the paracellular space when cells form contacts with each other. The permeability and morphology of tight junction are regulated by actomyosin contractility, which has been conventionally thought from the purse-string-like circumferential actomyosin belt along tight junction. Spatially, the tight junction is close to the apical actin network, which exerts inward contractions orthogonal to the tight junction. To test the contributions from apical actin network, we laser-ablated spots on the apical surface of polarized Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells. Laser ablation severed the apical cytoskeleton network, decreased in-plane tension, increased the apical surface area, and rendered the tight junction less tortuous in shape. Consistent with these observations, changes in MDCK cell sheet morphology due to cell proliferation, or perturbation with the ROCK inhibitor Y27632 increased the density of the apical actin network and decreased tight junction tortuosity. The morphological analysis revealed scutoids in flat MDCK cell sheets, contrary to predictions from a previous model that only considered cell-cell interactions as line tension. Additional cell-cell interactions from apical in-plane tension provides probable cause for the occurrence of scutoids on flat geometry. Taken together, our findings identify the importance of the apical actin network exerting in-plane apical tension to regulate tight-junction mechanobiology and epithelial cell shape.

Significance StatementThe tight junction is located at the apicolateral cell border and regulates paracellular diffusion. Adjacent to the tight junction, the actin cytoskeleton forms a dense network beneath the apical surface and an actomyosin belt that circumscribes the lateral surface of the cell. Tight junctions are connected to the actin cytoskeleton which regulates paracellular transport, but the role of tension-mediated regulation of the tight junction by various actin structures is poorly understood. Here, we provide evidence that tension on the tight junction is mediated by the apical actin network. Our results provide a reinterpretion of past reports and broaden our understanding the mechanobiology of tight junctions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lu, C.-h.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, F.-l.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsueh, S. C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, W.-h.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prouveur, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boudier, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, K.-h.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.30.446323</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Apical Actin-myosin Network Regulates the Tight Junction of Polarized Madin-Darby Canine Kidney Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.15.448516v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sticking around: plant persistence strategies on edaphic islands 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.15.448516v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
O_LISpecies extinction risk at local scales can be partially offset by strategies promoting in-situ persistence. We explored how persistence-related traits of clonal and non-clonal plants in temperate dry grasslands respond intra- and interspecifically to variation in environmental conditions (soil, climate) and insularity.
C_LIO_LIWe focused on edaphic island specialist species, hypothesizing that plants experiencing harsh soil environments and strong insularity are distinguished by traits supporting enhanced persistence, such as small stature, long lifespan and resource-conservative strategies. We used linear mixed-effect models and bivariate ordinary least squares linear models to explore the response of species triats to environmental and biogeographic predictors.
C_LIO_LIWe found general support for this hypothesis. Soil properties and insularity emerged as the most important drivers of trait patterns. However, clonal species showed more consistent responses to variation in environmental conditions and insularity than non-clonal plants, which were characterized by distinct species-specific responses.
C_LIO_LISoil properties and insularity confirmed their major role in shaping the persistence strategies of edaphic island plant species. These drivers may exert their effect on specific functions (e.g. belowground resource conservation captured by BDMC). Additionally, we unambiguously identified that clonal species had different persistence strategies than non-clonal ones.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ottaviani, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendez Castro, F. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conti, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeleny, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chytry, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dolezal, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jandova, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klimesova, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.15.448516</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sticking around: plant persistence strategies on edaphic islands]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.21.449205v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
One viral sequence for each host? - The neglected within-host diversity as the main stage of SARS-CoV-2 evolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.21.449205v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The standard practice of presenting one viral sequence for each infected individual implicitly assumes low within-host genetic diversity. It places the emphasis on the viral evolution between, rather than within, hosts. To determine this diversity, we collect SARS-CoV-2 samples from the same patient multiple times. Our own data in conjunction with previous reports show that two viral samples collected from the same individual are often very different due to the substantial within-host diversity. Each sample captures only a small part of the total diversity that is transiently and locally released from infected cells. Hence, the global SARS-CoV-2 population is a meta-population consisting of the viruses in all the infected hosts, each of which harboring a genetically diverse sub-population. Advantageous mutations must be present first as the within-host diversity before they are revealed as between-host polymorphism. The early detection of such diversity in multiple hosts could be an alarm for potentially dangerous mutations. In conclusion, the main forces of viral evolution, i.e., mutation, drift, recombination and selection, all operate within hosts and should be studied accordingly. Several significant implications are discussed.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ruan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.-I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.21.449205</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[One viral sequence for each host? - The neglected within-host diversity as the main stage of SARS-CoV-2 evolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.04.451074v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Towards a Neurometric-based Construct Validity of Trust 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.04.451074v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Trust is a nebulous construct central to successful cooperative exchanges and interpersonal relationships. In this study, we introduce a new approach to establishing construct validity of trust using "neurometrics". We develop a whole-brain multivariate pattern capable of classifying whether new participants will trust a relationship partner in the context of a cooperative interpersonal investment game (n=40) with 90% accuracy and find that it also generalizes to a variant of the same task collected in a different country with 82% accuracy (n=17). Moreover, we establish the convergent and discriminant validity by testing the pattern on thirteen separate datasets (n=1,427) and find that trust is reliably related to beliefs of safety, inversely related to negative affect, but unrelated to reward, cognitive control, social perception, theory of mind, and self-referential processing. Together these results provide support for the notion that the psychological experience of trust contains elements of beliefs of reciprocation and fear of betrayal aversion. Contrary to our predictions, we found no evidence that trust is related to anticipated reward. This work demonstrates how "neurometrics" can be used to characterize the psychological processes associated with brain-based multivariate representations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, P.-H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fareri, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guroglu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delgado, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.04.451074</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Towards a Neurometric-based Construct Validity of Trust]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.06.451284v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dietary Exposure to Antibiotic Residues Facilitates Metabolic Disorder by Altering the Gut Microbiota and Bile Acid Composition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.06.451284v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Antibiotics used as growth promoters in livestock and animal husbandry can be detected in animal-derived food. Epidemiological studies have implicated that exposure to these antibiotic residues in food may be associated to childhood obesity. Herein, the effect of exposure to residual dose of tylosin--an antibiotic growth promoter--on host metabolism and gut microbiota was explored in vivo. Theoretical maximal daily intake (TMDI) doses of tylosin were found to facilitate high-fat diet-induced obesity, induce insulin resistance, and perturb the composition of gut microbiota in mice. The obesity-related phenotypes were transferrable to germ-free recipient mice, indicating that the effects of TMDI dose of tylosin on obesity and insulin resistance occurred mainly via alteration of the gut microbiota. Tylosin TMDI exposure restricted to early life, which is the critical period of gut microbiota development, altered the abundance of specific bacteria related to host metabolic homeostasis later in life. Moreover, early-life exposure to tylosin TMDI was sufficient to modify the ratio of primary to secondary bile acids, thereby inducing lasting metabolic consequences via the downstream FGF15 signaling pathway. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that exposure to very low dose of antibiotic residues, whether continuously or in early life, can exert long-lasting effects on host metabolism by altering gut microbiota and its metabolites.

ImportanceEvidence has indicated that chronic exposure to antibiotic residues in food could contribute to obesity. However, few studies have investigated the effect of chronic exposure to very low-dose antibiotic residue in food (~1000-fold lower than the therapeutic dose) on gut microbiota and host metabolism. Our study demonstrates that even with limited exposure in early life, a residual dose of tylosin causes lasting metabolic disturbances through altering gut microbiota and its metabolites. Our findings reveal that the gut microbiota is susceptible to previously ignored environmental factors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, R.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, W.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panyod, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuang, H.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, T.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, T.-C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, H.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, H.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, C.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, M.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheen, L.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.06.451284</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dietary Exposure to Antibiotic Residues Facilitates Metabolic Disorder by Altering the Gut Microbiota and Bile Acid Composition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.21.453140v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distinct shifts in site-specific glycosylation pattern of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins associated with arising mutations in the D614G and Alpha variants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.21.453140v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Extensive glycosylation of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 virus not only shields the major part of it from host immune responses, but glycans at specific sites also act on its conformation dynamics and contribute to efficient host receptor binding, and hence infectivity. As variants of concern arise during the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is unclear if mutations accumulated within the spike protein would affect its site-specific glycosylation pattern. The Alpha variant derived from the D614G lineage is distinguished from others by having deletion mutations located right within an immunogenic supersite of the spike N-terminal domain that make it refractory to most neutralizing antibodies directed against this domain. Despite maintaining an overall similar structural conformation, our mass spectrometry-based site-specific glycosylation analyses of similarly produced spike proteins with and without the D614G and Alpha variant mutations reveal a significant shift in the processing state of N-glycans on one specific N-terminal domain site. Its conversion to a higher proportion of complex type structures is indicative of altered spatial accessibility attributable to mutations specific to the Alpha variant that may impact its transmissibility. This and other more subtle changes in glycosylation features detected at other sites provide crucial missing information otherwise not apparent in the available cryogenic electron microscopy-derived structures of the spike protein variants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kuo, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, T.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chien, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, S.-T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khoo, K.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.21.453140</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distinct shifts in site-specific glycosylation pattern of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins associated with arising mutations in the D614G and Alpha variants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.10.455839v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Typhoid toxin sorting and exocytic transport from Salmonella Typhi infected cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.10.455839v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Typhoid toxin is an essential virulence factor for Salmonella Typhi, the cause of typhoid fever in humans. This toxin has an unusual biology in that it is produced by Salmonella Typhi only when located within host cells. Once synthesized, the toxin is secreted to the lumen of the Salmonella-containing vacuole from where it is transported to the extracellular space by vesicle carrier intermediates. Here we report the identification of the typhoid toxin sorting receptor and the cellular machinery that packages the toxin into vesicle carriers, and exports it to the extracellular space. We found that the cation- independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor serves as typhoid toxin sorting receptor and that the coat protein COPII and the GTPase Sar1 mediate its packaging into vesicle carriers. Formation of the typhoid toxin carriers requires the specific environment of the Salmonella Typhi-containing vacuole, which is determined by the activities of specific effectors of its type III protein secretion systems. We also found that Rab11B and its interacting protein Rip11 control the intracellular transport of the typhoid toxin carriers, and the SNARE proteins VAMP7, SNAP23, and Syntaxin 4 their fusion to the plasma membrane. Typhoid toxins cooption of specific cellular machinery for its transport to the extracellular space illustrates the remarkable adaptation of an exotoxin to exert its function in the context of an intracellular pathogen.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chang, S.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lara-Tejero, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galan, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.10.455839</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Typhoid toxin sorting and exocytic transport from Salmonella Typhi infected cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.23.457303v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Insulin Signaling Attenuates GLUT4 Endocytosis in Muscle Cells via GSK3a-Dyn2-Bin1 Interplay 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.23.457303v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Insulin-induced translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) to the plasma membrane of skeletal muscle is critical for postprandial glucose uptake; however, whether the internalization of GLUT4 into cells is also regulated by insulin signaling remains unclear. Here, we discover that the activity of dynamin-2 (Dyn2), pivotal GTPase catalyzing GLUT4 internalization, is regulated by insulin signaling in muscle cells. The membrane fission activity of Dyn2 is inhibited in muscle cells through binding with the SH3 domain-containing protein Bin1. Phosphorylation of Serine848 on Dyn2 by GSK3 or the mutations of Bin1-SH3 in patients with centronuclear myopathy, elevate the activity of Dyn2 due to reduced binding affinity toward Bin1. The augmented Dyn2 fission activity in muscle cells leads to GLUT4 internalization and Bin1-tubule vesiculation. Together, our findings reveal a new role of insulin signaling in glucose metabolism and muscle physiology via attenuating Dyn2 activity thus regulating GLUT4 endocytosis in muscle cell.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laiman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, W.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuang, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, B.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuang, L.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.23.457303</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Insulin Signaling Attenuates GLUT4 Endocytosis in Muscle Cells via GSK3a-Dyn2-Bin1 Interplay]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.25.457612v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gastrodia elata Blume prevents dopaminergic neuron degeneration via glial Nrf2 signaling in Lrrk2-G2019S Parkinson's disease models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.25.457612v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The most frequent missense mutations in familial Parkinsons disease (PD) occur in the highly conserved LRRK2/PARK8 gene with G2019S mutation. We previously established a fly model of PD carrying the LRRK2-G2019S mutation that exhibited the parkinsonism-like phenotypes. An herbal medicine--Gastrodia elata Blume (GE), has been reported to have neuroprotective effects in toxin- induced PD models. However, the underpinning molecular mechanisms of GE beneficiary to G2019S- induced PD remain unclear. Here, we show that these G2019S flies treated with water extracts of GE (WGE) and its bioactive compounds, gastrodin and 4-HBA, displayed locomotion improvement and dopaminergic neuron protection. WGE suppressed the accumulation and hyperactivation of G2019S proteins in dopaminergic neurons, and activated the antioxidation and detoxification factor Nrf2 mostly in the astrocyte-like and ensheathing glia. Glial activation of Nrf2 antagonizes G2019S-induced Mad/Smad signaling. Moreover, we treated LRRK2-G2019S transgenic mice with WGE and found the locomotion declines, the loss of dopaminergic neurons, and the number of hyperactive microglia were restored. WGE also suppressed the hyperactivation of G2019S proteins and regulated the Smad2/3 pathways in the mice brains. We conclude that WGE prevents locomotion defects and the neuronal loss induced by G2019S mutation via glial Nrf2/Mad signaling, unveiling a potential therapeutic avenue for PD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, E.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ke, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petridi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elliott, C. J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheen, L.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chien, C.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.25.457612</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gastrodia elata Blume prevents dopaminergic neuron degeneration via glial Nrf2 signaling in Lrrk2-G2019S Parkinson's disease models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.06.459058v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Do forest over- and understory respond to the same environmental variables when viewed at the taxonomic and trait level? 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.06.459058v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While the relative importance of climate filtering is known to be higher for woody species assemblages than herbaceous assemblage, it remains largely unexplored whether this pattern is also reflected between the woody overstory and herbaceous understory of forests. While climatic variation will be more buffered by the tree layer, the understory might also respond more to small-scale soil variation, next to experiencing additional environmental filtering due to the overstorys effects on light and litter quality. For (sub)tropical forests, the understory often contains a high proportion of fern and lycophyte species, for which environmental filtering is even less well understood. We explored the proportional importance of climate proxies and soil variation on the species, functional trait and (functional) diversity patterns of both the forest overstory and fern and lycophyte understory along an elevational gradient from 850 to 2100 m a.s.l. in northern Taiwan. We selected nine functional traits expected to respond to soil nutrient or climatic stress for this study and furthermore verified whether they were positively related across vegetation layers, as expected when driven by similar environmental drivers. We found that climate was a proportionally more important predictor than soil for the species composition of both vegetation layers and trait composition of the understory. The stronger than expected proportional effect of climate for the understory was likely due to fern and lycophytes higher vulnerability to drought, while the high importance of soil for the overstory seemed driven by deciduous species. The environmental drivers affected different response traits in both vegetation layers, however, which together with additional overstory effects on understory traits, resulted in a strong disconnection of community-level trait values across layers. Interestingly, species and functional diversity patterns could be almost exclusively explained by climate effects for both vegetational layers, with the exception of understory species richness. This study illustrates that environmental filtering can differentially affect species, trait and diversity patterns and can be highly divergent for forest overstory and understory vegetation, and should consequently not be extrapolated across vegetation layers or between composition and diversity patterns.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Helsen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, T.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, C.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeleny, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.06.459058</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Do forest over- and understory respond to the same environmental variables when viewed at the taxonomic and trait level?]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.06.459074v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparing trait syndromes between Taiwanese subtropical terrestrial and epiphytic ferns and lycophytes at the species and community level 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.06.459074v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Background and AimsWhile functional trait-trait and trait-environment relationships are well studied in angiosperms, it is less clear if similar relationships, such as the leaf economics spectrum (LES), hold for ferns, and whether they differ between terrestrial and epiphytic fern communities. We used vegetation data collected along an elevation gradient in Taiwan to explore these relationships.

MethodsWe measured nine leaf traits for 47 terrestrial and 34 epiphytic fern species across 59 vegetation plots along an elevation gradient in the subtropical forest of Northern Taiwan. We explored trait-trait and trait-environment relationships at both the species and community levels for both growth habits, while accounting for phylogenetic relationships.

Key ResultsEpiphytes differed from terrestrial ferns in species- and community-level trait values, mainly reflecting responses to higher drought and nutrient stress. The angiosperm LES was reflected in the trait-trait correlations of terrestrial ferns and less expressively in epiphytes. This pattern suggests that mainly water rather than nutrient availability shapes epiphytic trait patterns. Trait-trait analysis on raw trait data and on independent contrasts vary in some ways. Trait-environment relationships were similar for several drought-related traits across both species groups.

ConclusionsThis study illustrates that fern trait patterns are not entirely equivalent for epiphytic and terrestrial species or communities and should not be extrapolated across growth habits or between the species and community levels. Phylogenetic constraints may influence the trait-environment response of epiphytic species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Helsen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, T.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeleny, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.06.459074</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparing trait syndromes between Taiwanese subtropical terrestrial and epiphytic ferns and lycophytes at the species and community level]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.09.459685v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extending the CWM approach to intraspecific trait variation: how to deal with overly optimistic standard tests? 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.09.459685v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Community weighted means (CWMs) are widely used to study the relationship between community-level functional traits and environment. For certain null hypotheses, CWM-environment relationships assessed by linear regression or ANOVA and tested by standard parametric tests are prone to inflated Type I error rates. Previous research has found that this problem can be solved by permutation tests (i.e. the max test). A recent extension of the CWM approach allows the inclusion of intraspecific trait variation (ITV) by the separate calculation of fixed, site-specific, and intraspecific CWMs. The question is whether the same Type I error rate inflation exists for the relationship between environment and site-specific or intraspecific CWM. Using simulated and real-world community datasets, we show that site-specific CWM-environment relationships have also inflated Type I error rate, and this rate is negatively related to the relative ITV magnitude. In contrast, for intraspecific CWM-environment relationships, standard parametric tests have the correct Type I error rate, although somewhat reduced statistical power. We introduce an ITV-extended version of the max test, which can solve the inflation problem for site-specific CWM-environment relationships and, without considering ITV, becomes equivalent to the "original" max test used for the CWM approach. We show that this new ITV-extended max test works well across the full possible magnitude of ITV on both simulated and real-world data. Most real datasets probably do not have intraspecific trait variation large enough to alleviate the problem of inflated Type I error rate, and published studies possibly report overly optimistic significance results.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zeleny, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helsen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.09.459685</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extending the CWM approach to intraspecific trait variation: how to deal with overly optimistic standard tests?]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.12.459978v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure-activity relationships of B.1.617 and other SARS-CoV-2 spike variants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.12.459978v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The surge of COVID-19 infection cases is spurred by emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants such as B.1.617. Here we report 38 cryo-EM structures, corresponding to the spike protein of the Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1), Delta (B.1.617.2) and Kappa (B.1.617.1) variants in different functional states with and without its receptor, ACE2. Mutations on the N-terminal domain not only alter the conformation of the highly antigenic supersite of the Delta variant, but also remodel the glycan shield by deleting or adding N-glycans of the Delta and Gamma variants, respectively. Substantially enhanced ACE2 binding was observed for all variants, whose mutations on the receptor binding domain modulate the electrostatics of the binding interfaces. Despite their abilities to escape host immunity, all variants can be potently neutralized by three unique antibodies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, T.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, N.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, Y.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, K.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Draczkowski, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chien, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khoo, K.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, S.-T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.12.459978</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure-activity relationships of B.1.617 and other SARS-CoV-2 spike variants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.15.459215v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Signatures of adaptive evolution during human to mink SARS CoV2 cross species transmission inform estimates of the COVID19 pandemic timing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.15.459215v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
One of the unique features of SARS-CoV-2 is that it mainly evolved neutrally or under purifying selection during the early pandemic. This contrasts with the preceding epidemics of the closely related SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, both of which evolved adaptively. It is possible that the SARS-CoV-2 exhibits a unique or adaptive feature which deviates from other coronaviruses. Alternatively, the virus may have been cryptically circulating in humans for a sufficient time to have acquired adaptive changes for efficient transmission before the onset of the current pandemic. In order to test the above scenarios, we analyzed the SARS-CoV-2 sequences from minks (Neovision vision) and parenteral human strains. In the early phase of the mink epidemic (April to May 2020), nonsynonymous to synonymous mutation ratios per site within the spike protein was 2.93, indicating a selection process favoring adaptive amino acid changes. In addition, mutations within this protein concentrated within its receptor binding domain and receptor binding motif. Positive selection also left a trace on linked neutral variation. An excess of high frequency derived variants produced by genetic hitchhiking was found during middle (June to July 2020) and early late (August to September 2020) phases of the mink epidemic, but quickly diminished in October and November 2020. Strong positive selection found in SARS-CoV-2 from minks implies that the virus may be not unique in super-adapting to a wide range of new hosts. The mink study suggests that SARS-CoV-2 already went through adaptive evolution in humans, and likely been circulating in humans at least six months before the first case found in Wuhan, China. We also discuss circumstances under which the virus can be well-adapted to its host but fail to induce an outbreak.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tai, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaw, S.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tseng, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, P.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.15.459215</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Signatures of adaptive evolution during human to mink SARS CoV2 cross species transmission inform estimates of the COVID19 pandemic timing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.18.460883v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intrinsic neural activity predisposes susceptibility to a body illusion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.18.460883v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Susceptibility to the rubber hand illusion (RHI) varies. Thus far, however, there is no consensus as regards how to explain this variation. Previous studies, focused on the role of multisensory integration, have searched for neural correlates of the illusion. Those studies, however, have failed to identify a sufficient set of functionally specific neural correlates. An alternative explanation of the illusion is that it results from demand characteristics, chiefly variability in the disposition to respond to imaginative suggestion: the degree to which intrinsic neural activity allows for a blurring of boundaries between self and external objects. Some evidence suggests that frontal  power is one means of tracking neural instantiations of self; therefore, we hypothesized that the higher the frontal  power during eyes-closed resting state, the more stable the self. As a corollary, we infer that the more stable the self, the less susceptible are participants to a blurring of boundaries--to feeling that the rubber hand belongs to them. Indeed, we found that frontal  amplitude oscillations negatively correlate with susceptibility. Moreover, since  and {delta} oscillations seem to be associated in pathological states that allow for a blurring of boundaries between self and external objects, we conjectured that the high frontal  power observed in low-RHI participants is modulated by {delta} frequency oscillations. Indeed, we found this to be the case. Based on our findings we propose that the two explanatory frameworks might be complementary: that is, the neural correlates of multisensory integration might be necessary for the RHI, but a sufficient explanation requires investigation of variable intrinsic neural activity that acts to modulate how the brain responds to incompatible sensory stimuli.

Highlights~Intrinsic frontal  power negatively correlates with susceptibility to the RHI.
~Intrinsic  power modulated by {delta} oscillations varies with susceptibility to the RHI.
~Sufficient explanation of RHI requires understanding of intrinsic neural dispositions that regulate the boundary between self and the external world.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hsu, T.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Northoff, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, S.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lane, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.18.460883</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intrinsic neural activity predisposes susceptibility to a body illusion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.28.462166v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Different methods for niche and fitness differences computation offer contrasting explanations of species coexistence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.28.462166v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In modern coexistence theory, species coexistence can either arise via stabilizing mechanisms that increase niche differences or equalizing mechanisms that reduce fitness differences. Having a common currency for interpreting these mechanisms is essential for synthesizing knowledge across different studies and systems. Several methods for quantifying niche and fitness differences exist, but it remains unknown to what extent these methods agree on the reasons why species coexist. Here, we apply four common methods to quantify niche and fitness differences to one simulated and two empirical data sets. We ask if different methods result in different insights into what drives species coexistence. We find that different methods disagree on the effects of resource supply rates (simulated data), and of plant traits or phylogenetic distance (empirical data), on niche and fitness differences. More specifically, these methods often do not agree better than expected by chance. We argue for (1) a better understanding of what connects and sets apart different methods, and (2) the simultaneous application of multiple methods to enhance a more complete insight into why species coexist.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Spaak, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ke, P.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Letten, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Laender, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.28.462166</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Different methods for niche and fitness differences computation offer contrasting explanations of species coexistence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.29.462090v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Real-time Noise-suppressed Wide-Dynamic-Range Compression in Ultrahigh-Resolution Neuronal Imaging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.29.462090v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
With a limited dynamic range of an imaging system, there are always regions with signal intensities comparable to the noise level, if the signal intensity distribution is close to or even wider than the available dynamic range. Optical brain/neuronal imaging is such a case where weak-intensity ultrafine structures, such as, nerve fibers, dendrites and dendritic spines, often coexist with ultrabright structures, such as, somas. A high fluorescence-protein concentration makes the soma order-of-magnitude brighter than the adjacent ultrafine structures resulting in an ultra-wide dynamic range. A straightforward enhancement of the weak-intensity structures often leads to saturation of the brighter ones, and might further result in amplification of high-frequency background noises. An adaptive illumination strategy to real-time-compress the dynamic range demands a dedicated hardware to operate and owing to electronic limitations, might encounter a poor effective bandwidth especially when each digitized pixel is required to be illumination optimized. Furthermore, such a method is often not immune to noise-amplification while locally enhancing a weak-intensity structure. We report a dedicated-hardware-free method for rapid noise-suppressed wide-dynamic-range compression so as to enhance visibility of such weak-intensity structures in terms of both contrast-ratio and signal-to-noise ratio while minimizing saturation of the brightest ones. With large-FOV aliasing-free two-photon fluorescence neuronal imaging, we validate its effectiveness by retrieving weak-intensity ultrafine structures amidst a strong noisy background. With compute-unified-device-architecture (CUDA)-acceleration, a time-complexity of <3 ms for a 1000x1000-sized 16-bit data-set is secured, enabling a real-time applicability of the same.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Borah, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, C.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.29.462090</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Real-time Noise-suppressed Wide-Dynamic-Range Compression in Ultrahigh-Resolution Neuronal Imaging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.04.462897v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metabolic Regulation of Mitochondrial Morphologies in Pancreatic Beta Cells: Bioenergetics-Mitochondrial Dynamics Coupling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.04.462897v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cellular bioenergetics and mitochondrial dynamics are crucial for the secretion of insulin by pancreatic beta cells in response to elevated blood glucose concentrations. To obtain better insights into the interactions between energy production and mitochondrial fission/fusion dynamics, we combine live-cell mitochondria imaging with biophysical-based modeling and network analysis to elucidate the principle regulating mitochondrial morphology to match metabolic demand in pancreatic beta cells. A minimalistic differential equation-based model for beta cells was constructed to include glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, simple calcium dynamics, and graph-based fission/fusion dynamics controlled by ATP synthase flux and proton leak flux. The model revealed that mitochondrial fission occurs in response to hyperglycemia, starvation, ATP synthase inhibition, uncoupling, and diabetic condition, in which the rate of proton leak exceeds the rate of mitochondrial ATP synthesis. Under these metabolic challenges, the propensities of tip-to-tip fusion events simulated from the microscopic images of the mitochondrial networks were lower than those in the control group and prevented mitochondrial network formation. The modeling and network analysis could serve as the basis for further detailed research on the mechanisms of bioenergetics and mitochondrial dynamics coupling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tseng, W.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, Y.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, A.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.04.462897</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metabolic Regulation of Mitochondrial Morphologies in Pancreatic Beta Cells: Bioenergetics-Mitochondrial Dynamics Coupling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.09.463787v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Trade-off between competition ability and invulnerability to predation in marine microbes; protist grazing versus viral lysis effects 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.09.463787v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Trade-offs between competition ability and invulnerability to predation are important mechanisms explaining how predation promotes bacterial diversity. However, existence of these trade-offs has apparently not been investigated in natural marine bacterial communities. Here, we address this question with growth-based measurements for each marine bacterial taxon by conducting on-board dilution experiments to manipulate predation pressure and using high-throughput sequencing to assess the response of bacterial communities. We determined that bacterial taxa with a higher predation-free growth rate were accompanied with higher predation-caused mortality, supporting existence of competitiveness-invulnerability trade-off. This trade-off was stronger and more consistent under viral lysis than protist grazing. In addition, predation generally flattened out the rank-abundance distribution and increased the evenness and richness of the bacterial community. These findings supported the "Kill-the-Winner" hypothesis. All experiments supported a significant competitiveness-invulnerability trade-off, but there was substantial variation among bacterial communities in response to predation across experiments conducted in various sites and seasons. Therefore, we inferred that the Kill-the-Winner hypothesis is important but likely not the only deterministic mechanism explaining how predation shapes bacterial assemblages in natural marine systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, F.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, A.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, K.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shiah, F.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, G.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, C.-h.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.09.463787</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Trade-off between competition ability and invulnerability to predation in marine microbes; protist grazing versus viral lysis effects]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.11.463514v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Whole genome sequence analysis of blood lipid levels in >66,000 individuals 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.11.463514v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plasma lipids are heritable modifiable causal factors for coronary artery disease, the leading cause of death globally. Despite the well-described monogenic and polygenic bases of dyslipidemia, limitations remain in discovery of lipid-associated alleles using whole genome sequencing, partly due to limited sample sizes, ancestral diversity, and interpretation of potential clinical significance. Increasingly larger whole genome sequence datasets with plasma lipids coupled with methodologic advances enable us to more fully catalog the allelic spectrum for lipids. Here, among 66,329 ancestrally diverse (56% non-European ancestry) participants, we associate 428M variants from deep-coverage whole genome sequences with plasma lipids. Approximately 400M of these variants were not studied in prior lipids genetic analyses. We find multiple lipid-related genes strongly associated with plasma lipids through analysis of common and rare coding variants. We additionally discover several significantly associated rare non-coding variants largely at Mendelian lipid genes. Notably, we detect rare LDLR intronic variants associated with markedly increased LDL-C, similar to rare LDLR exonic variants. In conclusion, we conducted a systematic whole genome scan for plasma lipids expanding the alleles linked to lipids for multiple ancestries and characterize a clinically-relevant rare non-coding variant model for lipids.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Selvaraj, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pampana, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, D. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aslibekyan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bis, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brody, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cade, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuang, L.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, R.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curran, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de las Fuentes, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Vries, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duggirala, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freedman, B. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graff, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heard-Costa, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hidalgo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwu, C.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irvin, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, T. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kral, B. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lange, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lisa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lubitz, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manichaikul, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montasser, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morrison, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naseri, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Connell, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peyser, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reupena, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tracy, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, M. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.11.463514</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Whole genome sequence analysis of blood lipid levels in >66,000 individuals]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.11.463889v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamin-2 Phosphorylation as A Critical Regulatory Target of Bin1 and GSK3α for Endocytosis in Muscle 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.11.463889v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tight regulation of endocytosis ensures accurate control of cellular signaling and membrane dynamics, which are crucial for tissue morphogenesis and functions. Mutations of Bin1 and dynamin-2 (Dyn2), proteins that generate membrane curvature and sever endocytic invaginations, respectively, cause progressive hereditary myopathy. Here, we show that Bin1 inhibits Dyn2 via direct interaction of its SRC Homology 3 (SH3) domain with the proline-rich domain (PRD) of Dyn2. Phosphorylation of S848 of Dyn2 by GSK3, a kinase downstream of insulin signaling, relieves Dyn2 from the inhibition of Bin1 and promotes endocytosis in muscle. Mutations of Bin1 associated with centronuclear myopathy disrupt its inhibition of Dyn2, thereby exaggerating Dyn2 fission activity and causing excessive fragmentation of T-tubules in the muscle cells. Our work reveals how Bin1-Dyn2 interaction fine-tunes membrane remodeling at the molecular level, and lay the foundation for future exploration of endocytic regulation and hereditary muscle diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Laiman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, W.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuang, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, B.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuang, L.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.11.463889</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamin-2 Phosphorylation as A Critical Regulatory Target of Bin1 and GSK3α for Endocytosis in Muscle]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.11.464005v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
White matter microstructural and morphometric alterations in autism: Implications for intellectual and verbal capabilities 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.11.464005v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundNeuroimage literature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has a moderate-to-high risk of bias, partially because those combined with intellectual impairment (II) and/or minimally verbal (MV) status are generally ignored. We aimed to provide more comprehensive insights into white matter alterations of ASD, inclusive of individuals with II (ASD-II-Only) or MV expression (ASD-MV).

MethodsSixty-five participants with ASD (ASD-Whole; 16.6{+/-}5.9 years; comprising 34 intellectually able youth, ASD-IA, and 31 intellectually impaired youth, ASD-II, including 24 ASD-II-Only plus 7 ASD-MV) and 38 demographic-matched typically developing controls (TDC; 17.3{+/-}5.6 years) were scanned in accelerated diffusion-weighted MRI. Fixel-based analysis was undertaken to investigate the categorical differences in fiber density (FD), fiber cross-section (FC), and a combined index (FDC), and brain-symptom/cognition associations.

ResultsASD-Whole had reduced FD in the anterior and posterior corpus callosum and left cerebellum Crus I, and smaller FDC in right cerebellum Crus II, compared to TDC. ASD-II, relative to TDC, showed almost identical alterations to those from ASD-Whole vs. TDC. ASD-II-Only had greater FD/FDC in the isthmus-splenium of callosum than ASD-MV. Autistic severity negatively correlated with FC in right Crus I. Non-verbal full-scale IQ positively correlated with FC/FDC in cerebellum VI. FD/FDC of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex showed a diagnosis-by-executive function interaction.

LimitationsWe could not preclude the potential effects of age and sex from the ASD cohort, although statistical tests suggested that these factors were not influential. Our results could be confounded by variable psychiatric comorbidities and psychotropic medication uses in our ASD participants recruited from outpatient clinics, which is nevertheless closer to a real-world presentation of ASD. The outcomes related to ASD-MV were considered preliminaries due to the small sample size within this subgroup.

Finally, our study design did not include intellectual impairment-only participants without ASD to disentangle the mixture of autistic and intellectual symptoms.

ConclusionsASD-associated white matter alterations appear driven by individuals with II and potentially further by MV. Results suggest that changes in the corpus callosum and cerebellum are key for psychopathology and cognition associated with ASD. Our work highlights an essential to include understudied sub-populations on the spectrum in research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yeh, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tseng, R.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ni, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cocchi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, M.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, E.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chou, T.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gau, S. S.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.11.464005</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[White matter microstructural and morphometric alterations in autism: Implications for intellectual and verbal capabilities]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.13.464241v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional single cell proteomic profiling of cells with abnormal DNA damage response dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.13.464241v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tumor heterogeneity is an important source of cancer therapy resistance. Single cell proteomics has the potential to decipher protein content leading to heterogeneous cellular phenotypes. Single-Cell ProtEomics by Mass Spectrometry (SCoPE-MS) is a recently developed, promising, unbiased proteomic profiling techniques, which allows profiling several tens of single cells for >1000 proteins per cell. However, a method to link single cell proteomes with cellular behaviors is needed to advance this type of profiling technique. Here, we developed a microscopy-based functional single cell proteomic profiling technology, called FUNpro, to link the proteome of individual cells with phenotypes of interest, even if the phenotypes are dynamic or the cells of interest are sparse. FUNpro enables one i) to screen thousands of cells with subcellular resolution and monitor (intra)cellular dynamics using a custom-built microscope, ii) to real-time analyze (intra)cellular dynamics of individual cells using an integrated cell tracking algorithm, iii) to promptly isolate the cells displaying phenotypes of interest, and iv) to single cell proteomically profile the isolated cells. We applied FUNpro to proteomically profile a newly identified small subpopulation of U2OS osteosarcoma cells displaying an abnormal, prolonged DNA damage response (DDR) after ionizing radiation (IR). With this, we identified PDS5A and PGAM5 proteins contributing to the abnormal DDR dynamics and helping the cells survive after IR.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Su, P.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>You, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beerens, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bezstarosti, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demmers, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pabst, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanaar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chien, M.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.13.464241</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional single cell proteomic profiling of cells with abnormal DNA damage response dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.16.464627v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell transcriptomics unveils xylem cell development and evolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.16.464627v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
As the most abundant tissue on Earth1, xylem is responsible for lateral growth in plants. Typical xylem has a radial system composed of ray parenchyma cells and an axial system of fusiform cells2. In most angiosperms, fusiform cells are a combination of vessel elements for water transportation and libriform fibers for mechanical support, while both functions are performed together by tracheids in other vascular plants2. However, little is known about the developmental programs and evolutionary relationships of these xylem cell types. Through both single-cell and laser-capture microdissection transcriptomic profiling, here we demonstrate the developmental lineages of ray and fusiform cells in stem-differentiating xylem across four divergent woody angiosperms. Cross-species analyses of single-cell trajectories reveal highly conserved ray, yet variable fusiform, lineages across angiosperms. Core eudicots Populus trichocarpa and Eucalyptus grandis share nearly identical fusiform lineages. The tracheids in the basal eudicot Trochodendron aralioides, an evolutionarily reversed character3, 4, exhibit strong transcriptomic similarity to vessel elements but not libriform fibers, suggesting that water transportation, instead of mechanical support, is the major feature. We also found that the more basal angiosperm Liriodendron chinense has a fusiform lineage distinct from that in core eudicots. This evo-developmental framework provides a comprehensive understanding of the formation of xylem cell lineages across multiple plant species spanning over a hundred million years of evolutionary history5.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tung, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, S.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, C.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shuai, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ku, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.16.464627</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell transcriptomics unveils xylem cell development and evolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.26.465925v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Different mycorrhizal nutrient acquisition strategies shape tree species competition and coexistence dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.26.465925v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mycorrhizal fungi with different nutrient acquisition strategies influence the functional separation among plant species. This might drive resource competition dynamics that cumulatively impact tree species coexistence, but few manipulative experiments have directly tested this. Combining surveys and experiments in a modern coexistence theory framework, we tested how variation in mycorrhizal strategies and nutrient conditions affect competitive outcomes between co-occurring ectomycorrhizal (EM) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) tree species. The dependency on EM symbioses increased with latitude and nitrogen (N) limitation, matching global trends. Host-specific soil microbiome conditioning and N fertilization combined to qualitatively affect coexistence outcomes. Lower N conditions favored EM over AM trees, but N fertilization reversed this outcome for southern species, consistent with regional-scale forest mycorrhizal transitions. As the magnitude and outcome of microbially-mediated competition depends on mycorrhizal differentiation and soil nutrient availability, this strongly supports the importance of mycorrhizal symbioses in driving large-scale biogeographic patterns of tree species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Van Nuland, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ke, P.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peay, K. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.26.465925</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Different mycorrhizal nutrient acquisition strategies shape tree species competition and coexistence dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.02.466947v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DNA-free CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing of tetraploid tomatoes using protoplast regeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.02.466947v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Wild tomatoes are important genomic resources for tomato research and breeding. Development of a foreign DNA-free CRISPR-Cas delivery system has potential to mitigate public concern about genetically modified organisms. Here, we established a DNA-free protoplast regeneration and CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing system for Solanum peruvianum, an important resource for tomato introgression breeding. We generated mutants for genes involved in small interfering RNAs (siRNA) biogenesis, RNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE 6 (SpRDR6) and SUPPRESSOR OF GENE SILENCING 3 (SpSGS3); pathogen-related peptide precursors, PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEIN-1 (SpPR-1) and PROSYSTEMIN (SpProsys); and fungal resistance (MILDEW RESISTANT LOCUS O, SpMlo1) using diploid or tetraploid protoplasts derived from in vitro-grown shoots. The ploidy level of these regenerants was not affected by PEG-calcium-mediated transfection, CRISPR reagents, or the target genes. By karyotyping and whole genome sequencing analysis, we confirmed that CRISPR-Cas9 editing did not introduce chromosomal changes or unintended genome editing sites. All mutated genes in both diploid and tetraploid regenerants were heritable in the next generation. spsgs3 null T0 regenerants and sprdr6 null T1 progeny had wiry, sterile phenotypes in both diploid and tetraploid lines. The sterility of the spsgs3 null mutant was partially rescued, and fruits were obtained by grafting to wild-type stock and pollination with wild-type pollen. The resulting seeds contained the mutated alleles. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus proliferated at higher levels in spsgs3 and sprdr6 mutants than in the wild type. Therefore, this protoplast regeneration technique should greatly facilitate tomato polyploidization and enable the use of CRISPR-Cas for S. peruvianum domestication and tomato breeding.

One-sentence summaryDNA-free CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing in wild tomatoes creates stable and inheritable diploid and tetraploid regenerants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hsu, C.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, P.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, F.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Q.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yue, J.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, S.-I. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shih, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.02.466947</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DNA-free CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing of tetraploid tomatoes using protoplast regeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.18.469188v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
AMPK promotes Arf6 activation in a kinase-independent manner upon energy deprivation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.18.469188v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a crucial cellular nutrient and energy sensor that maintains energy homeostasis. AMPK also governs cancer cell invasion and migration by regulating gene expression and activating multiple cellular signaling pathways. ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6) can be activated via nucleotide exchange by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), and its activation also regulates tumor invasion and migration. By studying GEF-mediated Arf6 activation, we elucidated that AMPK functions as a noncanonical GEF for Arf6 in a kinase-independent manner. Moreover, by examining the physiological role of the AMPK-Arf6 axis, we determined that AMPK activates Arf6 upon glucose starvation and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-{beta}-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) treatment. We further identified the binding motif in the C-terminal regulatory domain of AMPK that is responsible for promoting Arf6 activation and thus inducing cell migration and invasion. These findings reveal a noncanonical role of AMPK in which its C-terminal regulatory domain serves as a GEF for Arf6 during energy deprivation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, K. J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, J.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, F.-J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.18.469188</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[AMPK promotes Arf6 activation in a kinase-independent manner upon energy deprivation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.19.469215v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Study on the effect of a triple cancer treatment of propolis, thermal cycling-hyperthermia, and low-intensity ultrasound on PANC-1 cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.19.469215v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundPancreatic cancer is a deadly cancer around the world. To reduce side effects and enhance treatment efficacy, study on combination therapy for pancreatic cancer has gained much attention in recent years.

MethodsIn this paper, we propose a novel triple treatment combining propolis and two physical stimuli-thermal cycling-hyperthermia (TC-HT) and low-intensity ultrasound (US) on a human pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1. MTT assay was used to determine the viability of PANC-1 cells. Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) loss, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Western blot analysis was further performed to measure protein expression and phosphorylation.

ResultsThe experiments found that, after the triple treatment, the cell viability of the PANC-1 cells decreased to a level 80% less than the control, without affecting the normal pancreatic cells. Another result was excessive accumulation of ROS after the triple treatment, leading to the amplification of apoptotic pathway through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family and mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, the combination of TC-HT and US also promotes the anticancer effect of the heat-sensitive chemotherapy drug cisplatin on PANC-1 cells.

ConclusionThis study, to the best of our knowledge, is the first attempt to combine TC-HT, US and a nature compound in cancer treatment. We demonstrate that physical stimuli could augment the therapeutical effect of anticancer agents. It is expected that optimized parameters for different agents and different types of cancer will expand the methodology on oncological therapy in a safe manner.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kuo, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, G.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.19.469215</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Study on the effect of a triple cancer treatment of propolis, thermal cycling-hyperthermia, and low-intensity ultrasound on PANC-1 cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.22.469634v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Discovering Novel Antimicrobial Peptides in Generative Adversarial Network 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.22.469634v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Due to the growing number of clinical antibiotic resistance cases in recent years, novel antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) can become ideal for next-generation antibiotics. This study trained a deep convolutional generative adversarial network (GAN) with known AMPs to generate novel AMP candidates. The quality of the GAN-designed peptides was evaluated in silico, and eight of them named GAN-pep 1[~]8 were chosen to be synthesized for further experiments. Disk diffusion testing and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination were used to determine the antibacterial effects of the synthesized GAN-designed peptides. Seven out of the eight synthesized GAN-designed peptides showed antibacterial activities.

Additionally, GAN-pep 3 and GAN-pep 8 had a broad spectrum of antibacterial effects. Both of them were also effective against antibiotic-resistant bacteria strains such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). GAN-pep 3, the most promising GAN-designed peptide candidate, had low MICs against all the tested bacteria.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, T.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, G.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ko, C.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shih, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.22.469634</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Discovering Novel Antimicrobial Peptides in Generative Adversarial Network]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.29.470292v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Developing an Antiviral Peptides Predictor with Generative Adversarial Network Data Augmentation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.29.470292v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationNew antiviral drugs are urgently needed because of emerging viral pathogens increasing severity and drug resistance. Antiviral peptides (AVPs) have multiple antiviral properties and are appealing candidates for antiviral drug development. We developed a sequence-based binary classifier to identify whether an unknown short peptide has AVP activity. We collected AVP sequence data from six existing databases. We used a generative adversarial network to augment the number of AVPs in the positive training dataset and allow our deep convolutional neural network model to train on more data.

ResultsOur classifier achieved outstanding performance on the testing dataset compared with other state-of-the-art classifiers. We deployed our trained classifier on a user-friendly web server.

Availability and implementationAI4AVP is freely accessible at http://axp.iis.sinica.edu.tw/AI4AVP/

Contactcylin@iis.sinica.edu.tw

Supplementary informationSupplementary data is also available.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, T.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, W.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, I.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.29.470292</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Developing an Antiviral Peptides Predictor with Generative Adversarial Network Data Augmentation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.07.471703v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural basis for the peptidoglycan editing activity of YfiH 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.07.471703v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacterial cells are encased in peptidoglycan (PG), a polymer of disaccharide N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) and N-acetyl-muramic acid (MurNAc) cross-linked by peptide stems. PG is synthesized in the cytoplasm as UDP-MurNAc-peptide precursors, of which the amino-acid composition of the peptide is unique, with L-Ala added at the first position in most bacteria but L-Ser or Gly in some bacteria. YfiH is a PG-editing factor whose absence causes misincorporation of L-Ser instead of L-Ala into peptide stems; but its mechanistic function is unknown. Here we report the crystal structures of substrate-bound and product-bound YfiH, showing that YfiH is a cytoplasmic amidase that controls the incorporation of the correct amino acid to the nucleotide precursors by preferentially cleaving the nucleotide precursor byproduct UDP-MurNAc-L-Ser. This work reveals an editing mechanism in the cytoplasmic steps of peptidoglycan biosynthesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, M.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, K.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, C.-I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, C.-I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.07.471703</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural basis for the peptidoglycan editing activity of YfiH]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.20.471615v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MSRCall: A Multi-scale Deep Neural Network to Basecall Oxford Nanopore Sequences 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.20.471615v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWMinION, a third-generation sequencer from Oxford Nanopore Technologies, is a portable device that can provide long nucleotide read data in real-time. It primarily aims to deduce the makeup of nucleotide sequences from the ionic current signals generated when passing DNA/RNA fragments through nanopores charged with a voltage difference. To determine the nucleotides from the measured signals, a translation process known as basecalling is required. However, compared to NGS basecallers, the calling accuracy of MinION still needs to be improved.

In this work, a simple but powerful neural network architecture called MSRCall is proposed. MSRCall comprises a multi-scale structure, recurrent layers, a fusion block, and a CTC decoder. To better identify both short-range and long-range dependencies, the recurrent layer is redesigned to capture various time-scale features with a multi-scale structure. The results show that MSRCall outperforms other basecallers in terms of both read and consensus accuracies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yeh, Y.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.20.471615</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MSRCall: A Multi-scale Deep Neural Network to Basecall Oxford Nanopore Sequences]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.29.474498v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Macrophages break interneuromast cell quiescence by intervening the inhibition of Schwann cells in zebrafish lateral line 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.29.474498v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the zebrafish lateral line system, interneuromast cells (INCs) between neuromasts are normally kept quiescent by underlying Schwann cells (SWCs). Upon severe injuries that cause the complete loss of an entire neuromast, INCs can occasionally differentiate into neuromasts but how they escape from the inhibition by SWCs is still unclear. Using a genetic/chemical method to specifically ablate a neuromast, we found a small portion of larvae can regenerate a new neuromast, but the regeneration was hindered by inhibiting macrophages. By in toto imaging, we further discovered heterogeneities in macrophage behavior and distribution along lateral line. We witnessed the crawling of macrophages in between injured lateral line and SWCs during regeneration and also in between the second primordium and the first mature lateral line during development. It implies that macrophages may physically separate and alleviate the inhibition from pLLn and SWCs to break the quiescence of INCs during regeneration and development in the zebrafish lateral line.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, M.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, W.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, B.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.29.474498</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Macrophages break interneuromast cell quiescence by intervening the inhibition of Schwann cells in zebrafish lateral line]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.31.474620v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The 24-chain core-shell nanostructure of wood cellulose microfibrils in seed plants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.31.474620v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Wood cellulose microfibrils (CMFs) are the most abundant organic substance on earth, but their nanostructures are poorly understood. There are controversies regarding the glucan chain number (N) of CMFs during initial synthesis and whether they become fused afterwards. Here, we combined small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses to resolve these controversies. We successfully developed SAXS measurement methods for the cross-section aspect ratio and area of the crystalline-ordered CMF core, which showed higher density than the semi-disordered shell. The 1:1 aspect ratio suggested that CMFs remain mostly segregated, not fused. The area measurement revealed the chain number in the core zone (Ncore). The ratio of ordered cellulose over total cellulose, termed Roc, was determined by ssNMR. Using the formula N = Ncore / Roc, we found that the majority of wood CMFs contain 24 chains, conserved between gymnosperm and angiosperm trees. The average wood CMF has a crystalline-ordered core of [~]2.2 nm diameter and a semi-disordered shell of [~]0.5 nm thickness. In naturally and artificially aged wood, we only observed CMF aggregation (contact without crystalline continuity) but not fusion (forming conjoined crystalline unit). This further argued against the existence of partially fused CMFs in new wood, overturning the recently proposed 18-chain fusion hypothesis. Our findings are important for advancing wood structural knowledge and more efficient utilization of wood resources in sustainable bio-economies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chang, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsao, C.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tai, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.31.474620</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The 24-chain core-shell nanostructure of wood cellulose microfibrils in seed plants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.05.475083v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HLJ1 amplifies endotoxin-induced sepsis severity by promoting IL-12 heterodimerization in macrophages 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.05.475083v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Heat shock protein (HSP) 40 has emerged as a key actor in both innate and adaptive immunity, whereas the role of HLJ1, a molecular chaperone in HSP40 family, in modulating endotoxin-induced sepsis severity is still unclear. Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing to characterize mouse liver nonparenchymal cell populations under LPS (lipopolysaccharide) stimulation, and show that HLJ1 deletion affected IFN-{gamma}-related gene signatures in distinct immune cell clusters. HLJ1 deficiency also leads to reduced serum levels of IL-12 in LPS-treated mice, contributing to dampened production of IFN-{gamma} in natural killer cells but not CD4+ or CD8+ T cells, and subsequently to improved survival rate. Adoptive transfer of HLJ1-deleted macrophages into LPS-treated mice results in reduced IL-12 and IFN-{gamma} levels and protects the mice from IFN-{gamma}-dependent mortality. In the context of molecular mechanisms, HLJ1 is an LPS-inducible protein in macrophages and converts misfolded IL-12p35 homodimers to monomers, which maintains bioactive IL-12p70 heterodimerization and secretion. This study suggests HLJ1 causes IFN-{gamma}-dependent septic lethality by promoting IL-12 heterodimerization, and targeting HLJ1 has therapeutic potential in inflammatory diseases involving activating IL-12/IFN-{gamma} axis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Luo, W.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, S.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chien, M.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, K.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuang, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J. J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, P.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, K.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.05.475083</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HLJ1 amplifies endotoxin-induced sepsis severity by promoting IL-12 heterodimerization in macrophages]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.05.475091v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phosphate transporter PHT1;1 as a key determinant of phosphorus acquisition in Arabidopsis natural accessions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.05.475091v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To understand the genetic basis in governing phosphorus (P) acquisition, we performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on a diversity panel of Arabidopsis thaliana by two primary determinants of P acquisition, phosphate (Pi)-uptake activity and PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTER 1 (PHT1) protein abundance. Association mapping revealed a shared significant peak on chromosome 5 (Chr5) where the PHT1;1/2/3 genes reside, suggesting a strong correlation between the regulation of Pi-uptake activity and PHT1 protein abundance. Genes encoding transcription factors, kinases, and a metalloprotease associated with both traits were also identified. Conditional GWAS followed by statistical analysis of genotype-dependent expression of PHT1;1 and transcription activity assays revealed an epistatic interaction between PHT1;1 and MYB DOMAIN PROTEIN 52 (MYB52) on Chr1. Analyses of F1 hybrids generated by crossing two subgroups of natural accessions carrying specific SNPs associated with PHT1;1 and MYB52 further revealed the strong effects of potential variants on PHT1;1 expression and Pi uptake activity. Notably, the soil P contents in A. thaliana habitats were found to coincide with PHT1;1 haplotype, underscoring how fine-tuning of the activity of P acquisition by natural variants allows plants to adapt to their environments. This study sheds light on the complex regulation of P acquisition and offers a framework to systematically assess the effectiveness of GWAS approaches in the study of quantitative traits.

One sentence summaryStepwise GWAS analyses reveal insights into the genetic basis in regulating phosphorus acquisition and associations between the phosphate transporter PHT1;1 haplotype and Arabidopsis habitats.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chien, P.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chou, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, S.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tung, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiou, T.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.05.475091</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phosphate transporter PHT1;1 as a key determinant of phosphorus acquisition in Arabidopsis natural accessions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.31.478501v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Increased academic performance and prolonged career duration among Taiwanese academic faculty in ecology and evolutionary biology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.31.478501v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Academic job markets have become increasingly challenging worldwide, yet it remains poorly characterized how competitively-successful candidates should be and what the underlying determinants of their success are. Focusing on the field of ecology and evolutionary biology, we analyzed the academic performance (measured as h-index) as well as the duration before recruitment as a new faculty member and promotion to full professor of 145 principal investigators (PI) over the past 34 years in Taiwan. We found that PIs had higher performance and longer duration before recruitment more recently. Performance before promotion remained stable, whereas the duration increased over time. The origin and prestige of doctorate had no effect on the performance or duration either before recruitment or before promotion. We also found that the difference in performance before and after recruitment ("After" performance -- "Before" performance) decreased in recent years, with PIs recruited in earlier years maintaining their performance after recruitment while those recruited in later years exhibiting a performance drop. While PIs performed equally well before and after recruitment irrespective of doctorate origin, those with domestic PhD degrees showed a decrease in performance after promotion compared to their counterparts with foreign degrees. Taken together, our findings reveal a prolonged career duration for researchers as a result of intensifying competition in academia, and highlight the increasingly crucial role of academic performance, rather than PhD degree itself, in determining academic success.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hsu, G.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, W.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, S.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.31.478501</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Increased academic performance and prolonged career duration among Taiwanese academic faculty in ecology and evolutionary biology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.01.478580v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Peptide-based drug predictions for cancer therapy using deep learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.01.478580v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundTherapeutic drugs used in cancer treatment have ineffectiveness and resistance to drug action problems. Anticancer peptides (ACPs) are selective and toxic to cancer cells and quickly produced. Thus, ACPs can be a satisfactory substitute for therapeutic drugs. We developed AI4ACP, a user-friendly web-server ACP predictor that can predict the anticancer property of query peptides, thus promoting the discovery of peptides with anticancer activity.

ResultOur results revealed that the performance of our ACP predictor trained using the new ACP collection was superior to that of the available high-performance ACP predictors.

ConclusionsAI4ACP is a user-friendly web-server ACP predictor that can be used to determine whether a query sequence is an ACP. This tool can be beneficial for drug development for cancer treatment. AI4ACP is freely accessible at https://axp.iis.sinica.edu.tw/AI4ACP/
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, T.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, W.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, I.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.01.478580</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Peptide-based drug predictions for cancer therapy using deep learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.23.481647v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Arabidopsis histone H3 lysine 9 methyltransferases KYP/SUVH5/6 are involved in leaf development by interacting with AS1-AS2 to repress KNAT1 and KNAT2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.23.481647v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Arabidopsis KRYPTONITE/SUPPRESSOR OF VARIEGATION 3-9 HOMOLOG 4 (KYP/SUVH4), SUVH5 and SUVH6 are H3K9 methyltransferases and they are redundantly involved in silencing of transposable elements (TEs). A recent study indicated that KYP/SUVH5/6 can directly interact with the histone deacetylase HDA6 to synergistically regulate TE expression. However, the function of KYP/SUVH5/6 in plant development is still unclear. The ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1 (AS1) and AS2 form a transcription complex, which is involved in leaf development by repressing the homeobox genes KNOTTED-LIKE FROM ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA 1 (KNAT1) and KNAT2. In this study, we found that KYP and SUVH5/6 directly interact with AS1-AS2 to repress KNAT1 and KNAT2 by altering histone H3 acetylation and H3K9 dimethylation levels. In addition, KYP can directly target on the promoters of KNAT1 and KNAT2, and the binding of KYP is dependent on AS1. Furthermore, the genome-wide occupancy profile of KYP indicated that KYP is enriched in the promoter regions of coding genes, and the binding of KYP is positively correlated with that of AS1 and HDA6. Together, these results indicate that Arabidopsis H3K9 methyltransferases KYP/SUVH5/6 are involved in leaf development by interacting with AS1-AS2 to alter histone H3 acetylation and H3K9 dimethylation from the KNAT1 and KNAT2 loci.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hung, F.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, Y.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shih, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.23.481647</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Arabidopsis histone H3 lysine 9 methyltransferases KYP/SUVH5/6 are involved in leaf development by interacting with AS1-AS2 to repress KNAT1 and KNAT2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.09.483723v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Niche-based deterministic assembly processes strengthen the effects of β-diversity on metacommunity functioning of marine bacterioplankton 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.09.483723v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Studies at a local community () level have shown that biodiversity positively affects ecosystem functioning due to niche-based deterministic processes like resource partitioning. Extending to a metacommunity ({beta}) level, we hypothesize that {beta} diversity also positively affects metacommunity functioning. We further hypothesize that the {beta} diversity effect is stronger (more positive) when {beta} diversity is increased by deterministic/non-random assembly processes. To test the hypotheses, we collected bacterioplankton along a transect of 6 stations in the southern East China Sea in 14 cruises. All 6 stations within a cruise were regarded as a metacommunity. For any pairs of the 6 stations, the Bray-Curtis index and summed bacterial biomass were calculated to represent {beta} diversity and metacommunity functioning, respectively. We also calculated deviation of observed mean pairwise phylogenetic similarities among species from random to represent the deterministic influences of assembly processes. We found that bacterial {beta} diversity generally positively affects metacommunity functioning; however, the {beta} diversity effect varied among cruises. Cross-cruise comparison indicates that the {beta} diversity effect increased with the deterministic assembly processes selecting for phylogenetically dissimilar species. This study extends the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning research to a metacommunity level, complementing the current framework by considering community assembly in natural environments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chang, F.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, A. C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, H.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, G.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shiah, F.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, C.-h.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.09.483723</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Niche-based deterministic assembly processes strengthen the effects of β-diversity on metacommunity functioning of marine bacterioplankton]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.13.484154v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tension anisotropy drives phenotypic transitions of cells via two-way cell-ECM feedback 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.13.484154v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mechanical factors such as stress in the extracellular environment are known to affect phenotypic commitment of cells. However, the stress fields experienced by cells in tissues are multiaxial, and the ways that cells integrate this multiaxial information are largely unknown. Here, we report that the anisotropy of these stress fields is a critical factor triggering phenotypic transition in fibroblast cells, outweighing the previously reported role of stress amplitude. Using a combined experimental and computational approach, we discovered a self-reinforcing mechanism in which cellular protrusions interact with collagen fibers to develop tension anisotropy, which in turn stabilizes protrusions and amplifies their contractile forces. Disruption of this self-reinforcing process, either by reducing tension anisotropy or by inhibiting contractile protrusions, prevented phenotypic conversion of fibroblasts to contractile myofibroblasts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alisafaei, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shakiba, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iannucci, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pryse, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, P.-h. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burdick, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lake, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shenoy, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Genin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.13.484154</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tension anisotropy drives phenotypic transitions of cells via two-way cell-ECM feedback]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.15.484061v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular Crowding Facilitates Bundling of IMPDH Polymers and Cytoophidium Formation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.15.484061v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cytoophidium is a unique type of membraneless compartment comprising of filamentous protein polymers. Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of de novo GTP biosynthesis and plays critical roles in active cell metabolism. However, the molecular regulation of cytoophidium formation is poorly understood. Here we show that human IMPDH2 polymers bundle up to form cytoophidium-like aggregates in vitro when macromolecular crowders are present. The self-association of IMPDH polymers is suggested to rely on electrostatic interactions. In cells, the increase of molecular crowding with hyperosmotic medium induces cytoophidia, while the decrease of that by the inhibition of RNA synthesis perturbs cytoophidium assembly. In addition to IMPDH, CTPS and PRPS cytoophidium could be also induced by hyperosmolality, suggesting a universal phenomenon of cytoophidium-forming proteins. Finally, our results indicate that the cytoophidium can prolong the half-life of IMPDH, which is proposed to be one of conserved functions of this subcellular compartment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chang, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keppeke, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sung, L.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.15.484061</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular Crowding Facilitates Bundling of IMPDH Polymers and Cytoophidium Formation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.22.485260v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeting Reductive Metabolic Shifts by T315I Mutation in BCR-ABL Myeloid Leukemia for Therapy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.22.485260v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
T315I mutation of Bcr-Abl in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) leads to therapeutic resistance. It is known that Bcr-Abl transformation causes ROS-induced DNA damages and replication stress, which can be exploited for anti-nucleotide therapy. We developed a small compound, JMF4073, which inhibited pyrimidylate kinases and selectively eliminated Bcr-Abl-transformed, but not untransformed myeloid cells, due to dTTP exhaustion and ROS-induced replication stress. However, T315I-Bcr-Abl-transformed cells were less vulnerable to JMF4073 because of higher dTTP pool and low replication stress. Unlike WT-Bcr-Abl-transformed cells, T315I-Bcr-Abl cells lacked Sirt1- regulated OXPHOS with increased glutamine flux to reductive carboxylation in TCA cycle and glutathione synthesis. Blocking mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) by UK-5099 reduced NADH and glutathione levels with replication stress induction, thereby converting T315I-Bcr-Abl cells sensitive to JMF4073 with dTTP and dCTP depletion. The combination of JMF4073 with UK-5099 showed in vivo eradication of T315I-Bcr-Abl-CML. These data reveal that T315I mutation causes reductive metabolic shifts in Bcr-Abl-CML, and demonstrate the therapeutic option by co-targeting MPC and pyrimidylate kinases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, C. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Z.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, T.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, C.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Z.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.22.485260</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeting Reductive Metabolic Shifts by T315I Mutation in BCR-ABL Myeloid Leukemia for Therapy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.22.485422v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fusarium solani species complex genomes reveal bases of compartmentalisation and animal pathogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.22.485422v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) comprises fungal pathogens responsible for mortality in a diverse range of animals and plants, but their genome diversity and transcriptome responses in animal pathogenicity remain to be elucidated. We sequenced and compared six chromosome-level FSSC clade 3 genomes of aquatic animal and plant host origins and revealed a spectrum of conservation patterns in chromosomes categorised into three compartments: core, fast-core (FC), and lineage-specific (LS). Each chromosome type varied in structural architectures, with FC and LS chromosomes containing significantly higher proportions of repetitive elements and methylation levels than core chromosomes, with genes exhibiting higher dN/dS and enriched in functions related to pathogenicity and niche expansion. Mesosynteny were detected between FC chromosomes of Fusarium genomes, indicating that these chromosomes were present in a common ancestor that predated FSSC species. These findings provide evidence that genome compartmentalisation was the outcome of multi-speed evolution amongst FSSC chromosomes. We further demonstrated that F. falciforme and F. keratoplasticum are opportunistic pathogens by inoculating Pelodiscus sinensis eggs and identified differentially expressed genes also associated with plant pathogenicity. These included the most upregulated genes encoding the CFEM (Common in Fungal Extracellular Membrane) domain. The study establishes genomic resources and an animal model for fungal pathogens of trans-kingdom hosts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hoh, D. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wada, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, C.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ke, H.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, P. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, S.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, W.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, I. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.22.485422</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fusarium solani species complex genomes reveal bases of compartmentalisation and animal pathogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.23.485571v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test by Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering of Bacterial Metabolites directly from Positive Blood Cultures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.23.485571v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Effective management of sepsis requires timely administration of appropriate antibiotics; therefore, a reliable and rapid antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) is crucial. To meet clinical needs, we developed a novel AST, referred to as SERS-AST, based on the surface-enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) technology. In this study, we applied SERS-AST to eight most common pathogens causing bacteremia, including Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, E. faecium, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Seven different antibiotics were tested, including oxacillin, levofloxacin, vancomycin, ampicillin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, levofloxacin, and imipenem. SERS-AST determines antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria directly from positive blood cultures based on variations in bacterial SERS signals derived from secreted purines and their derivatives. The whole process could be completed within 4 hours, and the agreement rates between SERS-AST and VITEK 2 results were 96% for Gram-positive bacteria and 97% for Gram-negative bacteria.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>HAN, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, W.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teng, L.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.23.485571</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test by Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering of Bacterial Metabolites directly from Positive Blood Cultures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.07.487469v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome structures resolve the early diversification of teleost fishes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.07.487469v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accurate species phylogenies are a prerequisite for evolutionary research. Teleosts are by far the largest and the most diversified group of extant vertebrates, but relationships among the three oldest lineages of extant teleosts remain unresolved. Based on seven high-quality new genome assemblies in Elopomorpha (tarpons, eels), we revisited the topology of the deepest branches of the teleost phylogeny using independent gene sequence and chromosomal rearrangement phylogenomic approaches. These analyses converged to a single scenario that unambiguously places the Elopomorpha and Osteoglossomorpha (bony-tongues) in a monophyletic group sister to all other teleosts, i.e., the Clupeocephala lineage. This finding resolves over 50 years of controversy on the evolutionary relationships of these lineages and highlights the power of combining different levels of genome-wide information to solve complex phylogenies.

One-Sentence SummaryWhole-genome analyses place Elopomorpha (tarpons, eels) and Osteoglossomorpha (bony-tongues) as sister groups at the deepest branching of crown teleosts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Parey, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Louis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montfort, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bouchez, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roques, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iampietro, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lluch, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castinel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donnadieu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desvignes, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bucao, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jouanno, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mejri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dirks, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jansen, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henkel, C. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zahm, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cabau, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klopp, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson-Rechavi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braasch, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lecointre, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bobe, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Postlethwait, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berthelot, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roest Crollius, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guiguen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.07.487469</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome structures resolve the early diversification of teleost fishes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.27.489711v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The climatic constrains of the historical global spread of mungbean 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.27.489711v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While the domestication history has been investigated in many crops, the process of cultivation range expansion and factors governing this process received relatively little attention. Here using mungbean (Vigna radiata var. radiata) as a test case, we investigated the genomes of more than one thousand accessions to illustrate climatic adaptations role in dictating the unique routes of cultivation range expansion. Despite the geographical proximity between South and Central Asia, genetic evidence suggests mungbean cultivation first spread from South Asia to Southeast, East, and finally reached Central Asia. Combining evidence from demographic inference, climatic niche modeling, plant morphology, and records from ancient Chinese sources, we showed that the specific route was shaped by the unique combinations of climatic constraints and farmer practices across Asia, which imposed divergent selection favoring higher yield in the south but short-season and more drought-tolerant accessions in the north. Our results suggest that mungbean did not radiate from the domestication center as expected purely under human activity, but instead the spread of mungbean cultivation is highly constrained by climatic adaptation, echoing the idea that human commensals are more difficult to spread through the south-north axis of continents.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ong, P.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lo, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burlyaeva, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noble, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nair, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schafleitner, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vishnyakova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>von Wettberg, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samsonova, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nuzhdin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ting, C.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.27.489711</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The climatic constrains of the historical global spread of mungbean]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.27.489746v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 3 is an IFN-stimulated Gene that Facilitates Viral Genome Release 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.27.489746v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
An increasing body of evidence emphasizes the role of metabolic reprogramming in immune cells to fight off infections. However, little is known about the regulation of metabolite transporters that facilitate and support metabolic demands. In this study, we found that equilibrative nucleoside transporter 3 (ENT3) expression is part of the innate immune response, and is rapidly upregulated upon bacterial and viral infection. The transcription of ENT3 is directly under the regulation of IFN-induced signaling, positioning this metabolite transporter as an Interferon-stimulated gene (ISG). Moreover, we unveil that several viruses, including SARS-CoV2, require ENT3 to facilitate their entry into the cytoplasm. The removal or suppression of ENT3 expression is sufficient to significantly decrease viral replication in vitro and in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, T.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heng, J.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, T.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, Y.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, P.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, G.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dzhagalov, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.27.489746</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 3 is an IFN-stimulated Gene that Facilitates Viral Genome Release]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.02.490275v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Computer simulations reveal pathogenicity and inheritance modes of hearing loss-causing germinal variants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.02.490275v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Variants in the gap junction beta-2 (GJB2) gene are the most common cause of hereditary hearing impairment. However, how GJB2 variants lead to local physicochemical and structural changes in the hexameric ion channels of connexin 26 (Cx26), resulting in hearing impairment, remains elusive. In the present study, using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we showed that detached inner-wall N-terminal "plugs" aggregated to reduce the channel ion flow in a highly prevalent V37I variant in humans. To examine the predictability of the computational platform, an artificial mutant, V37M, of which the effect was previously unknown in hearing loss, was created. Microsecond simulations showed that homomeric V37M Cx26 hemichannels had an abnormal affinity between the inner edge and N-termini to block the narrower side of the cone-shaped Cx26, while the most stable heteromeric channels did not. Consistent with these predictions, homozygous V37M transgenic mice exhibited apparent hearing loss, but not their heterozygous counterparts, indicating a recessive inheritance mode. Reduced channel conductivity was found in Gjb2V37M/V37M outer sulcus cells and Claudius cells but not in Gjb2WT/WT cells. We view that the current computational platform could serve as an assessment tool for the pathogenesis and inheritance of GJB2-related hearing impairments and other diseases caused by connexin dysfunction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tsai, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, S.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, C.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, P.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.02.490275</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Computer simulations reveal pathogenicity and inheritance modes of hearing loss-causing germinal variants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.03.490542v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Thermal cycling hyperthermia sensitizes non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor Erlotinib 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.03.490542v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Molecular targeted therapy has emerged as a mainstream treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the most common lung cancer, which has been the leading cause of cancer death in both genders. Erlotinib (Erl), a targeted therapy inhibiting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathways, has been proved to have noticeable response rate for NSCLC cells. However, limited efficacy arises due to intrinsic and acquired resistance among most NSCLC patients. Therefore, sensitizers are required to potentiate the efficacy of Erl in NSCLC treatment. The study proposed a novel thermal therapy, thermal cycling hyperthermia (TC-HT), as a supplement to amplify the effects of Erl. We found that TC-HT remarkably reduced the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of Erl to as little as 0.5 M and demonstrated that TC-HT could sensitize A549 NSCLC cells to Erl via the downstream of EGFR signaling cascades. Furthermore, combination treatment induced G2/M cell cycle arrest, and inhibition of cell proliferation and migration. Besides, via raising the high temperature of TC-HT slightly, TC-HT treatment alone can produce excellent antineoplastic effect without hurting the normal cells. The method is expected to be applicable to other combination therapies and may be a starter for more sophisticated, side-effect-free anticancer treatments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, G.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.03.490542</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Thermal cycling hyperthermia sensitizes non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor Erlotinib]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.03.490558v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The soil microbiome may offer solutions to ginger cultivation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.03.490558v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Taitung region is one of Taiwans main places for ginger agriculture. Due to issues with disease and nutrient, farmers cannot use continuous cropping techniques on ginger, meaning that the ginger industry is constantly searching for new lands. Continuous cropping increases the risk of infection by Pythium myriotylum and Ralstonia solanacearum, which cause soft rot disease and bacterial wilt, respectively. In addition, fertilizer additives cannot recover the soil when using continuous cropping on ginger, even when there is no decrease in trace elements observed in the soil. Although there may be other reasons for the reduction in production, such as soil microbes, we know little about the soil microbiome associated with ginger cultivation. Hence, in this study, we used the bacterial 16S V3-V4 hypervariable region of the 16S ribosomal RNA region to investigate microbe compositions in ginger soil to identify the difference between ginger soil with and without disease. Later, to investigate the influence of the well-known biocontrol agent-B. velezensis and fungicide Etridiazole on soil microbes and ginger productivity, we designed an experiment that collected the soil samples according to the different ginger cultivation periods to examine the microbial community dynamics in the rhizome and bulk soil. We demonstrated that B. velezensis is beneficial to ginger reproduction and suggest that it may influence the plant by adjusting its soil microbial composition. Etridiazole, on the other hand, may have some side effects on the ginger or beneficial bacteria in the soils, inhibiting ginger reproduction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michelle Wong, J.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, S.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eric Hsieh, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tseng, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, S.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.03.490558</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The soil microbiome may offer solutions to ginger cultivation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.06.490869v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantification of hypoxic regions distant from occlusions in cerebral penetrating arteriole trees 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.06.490869v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The microvasculature plays a key role in oxygen transport in the mammalian brain. Despite the close coupling between cerebral vascular geometry and local oxygen demand, recent experiments have reported that microvascular occlusions can lead to unexpected distant tissue hypoxia and infarction. To better understand the spatial correlation between the hypoxic regions and the occlusion sites, we used both in vivo experiments and in silico simulations to investigate the effects of occlusions in cerebral penetrating arteriole trees on tissue hypoxia. In a rat model of microembolisation, 25 {micro}m microspheres were injected through the carotid artery to occlude penetrating arterioles. In representative models of human cortical columns, the penetrating arterioles were occluded by simulating the transport of microspheres of the same size and the oxygen transport was simulated using a Greens function method. The locations of microspheres and hypoxic regions were segmented, and two novel distance analyses were implemented to study their spatial correlation. The distant hypoxic regions were found to be present in both experiments and simulations, and mainly due to the hypoperfusion in the region downstream of the occlusion site. Furthermore, a reasonable agreement for the spatial correlation between hypoxic regions and occlusion sites is shown between experiments and simulations, which indicates the good applicability of in silico models in understanding the response of cerebral blood flow and oxygen transport to microemboli.

Author summaryThe brain function depends on the continuous oxygen supply through the bloodstream inside the microvasculature. Occlusions in the microvascular network will disturb the oxygen delivery in the brain and result in hypoxic tissues that can lead to infarction and cognitive dysfunction. To aid in understanding the formation of hypoxic tissues caused by micro-occlusions in the penetrating arteriole trees, we use rodent experiments and simulations of human vascular networks to study the spatial correlations between the hypoxic regions and the occlusion locations. Our results suggest that hypoxic regions can form distally from the occlusion site, which agrees with the previous observations in the rat brain. These distant hypoxic regions are primarily due to the lack of blood flow in the brain tissues downstream of the occlusion. Moreover, a reasonable agreement of the spatial relationship is found between the experiments and the simulations, which indicates the applicability of in silico models to study the effects of microemboli on the brain tissue.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xue, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Georgakopoulou, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Wijk, A.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jozsa, T. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Bavel, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payne, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.06.490869</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantification of hypoxic regions distant from occlusions in cerebral penetrating arteriole trees]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.10.491265v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Protection of high-frequency low-intensity pulsed electric fields and brain-derived neurotrophic factor for SH-SY5Y cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced cell damage 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.10.491265v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurodegenerative diseases pose a significant global health threat. In particular, Alzheimers disease, the most common type causing dementia, remains an incurable disease. Alzheimers disease is thought to be associated with an imbalance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neurons, and scientists considered ROS modulation as a promising strategy for novel remedies. In the study, human neural cell line SH-SY5Y was used in probing the effect of combining non-invasive high-frequency low-intensity pulsed electric field (H-LIPEF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in protection against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced neuron damage. Our result finds that the combination approach has intensified the neuroprotective effect significantly, perhaps due to H-LIPEF and BDNF synergistically increasing the expression level of the phosphorylated epidermal growth factor receptor (p-EGFR), which induces the survival-related mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) proteins. The study confirmed the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and the downstream pro-survival and antioxidant proteins as the mechanism underlying neuron protection. These findings highlighted the potential of H-LIPEF combined with BDNF in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, BDNF-mimetic drugs combining with non-invasive H-LIPEF to patients is a promising approach worthy of further research. This points to strategies for selecting drugs to cooperate with electric fields in treating neurodegenerative disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, G.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.10.491265</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Protection of high-frequency low-intensity pulsed electric fields and brain-derived neurotrophic factor for SH-SY5Y cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced cell damage]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.10.491406v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BigNeuron: A resource to benchmark and predict best-performing algorithms for automated reconstruction of neuronal morphology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.10.491406v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BigNeuron is an open community bench-testing platform combining the expertise of neuroscientists and computer scientists toward the goal of setting open standards for accurate and fast automatic neuron reconstruction. The project gathered a diverse set of image volumes across several species representative of the data obtained in most neuroscience laboratories interested in neuron reconstruction. Here we report generated gold standard manual annotations for a selected subset of the available imaging datasets and quantified reconstruction quality for 35 automatic reconstruction algorithms. Together with image quality features, the data were pooled in an interactive web application that allows users and developers to perform principal component analysis, t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding, correlation and clustering, visualization of imaging and reconstruction data, and benchmarking of automatic reconstruction algorithms in user-defined data subsets. Our results show that image quality metrics explain most of the variance in the data, followed by neuromorphological features related to neuron size. By benchmarking automatic reconstruction algorithms, we observed that diverse algorithms can provide complementary information toward obtaining accurate results and developed a novel algorithm to iteratively combine methods and generate consensus reconstructions. The consensus trees obtained provide estimates of the neuron structure ground truth that typically outperform single algorithms. Finally, to aid users in predicting the most accurate automatic reconstruction results without manual annotations for comparison, we used support vector machine regression to predict reconstruction quality given an image volume and a set of automatic reconstructions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Manubens-Gil, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramanathan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bria, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillette, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Radojevic, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bouchard, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roysam, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sironi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iascone, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bas, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conde-Sousa, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguiar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nanda, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muresan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fua, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, H.-y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Staiger, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peter, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cox, D. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simonneau, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oberlaender, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jefferis, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ito, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez-Bellido, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rubel, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cline, H. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nern, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, A.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roskams,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.10.491406</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BigNeuron: A resource to benchmark and predict best-performing algorithms for automated reconstruction of neuronal morphology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.16.492133v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The time course of categorical and perceptual similarity effects in visual search 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.16.492133v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During visual search for objects (e.g., an apple), the surrounding distractor objects may share perceptual (tennis ball), categorical (banana), or both (peach) properties with the target. Previous studies showed that the perceptual similarity between target and distractor objects influences visual search. Here, we tested whether categorical target-distractor similarity also influences visual search, and how this influence depends on perceptual similarity. By orthogonally manipulating categorical and perceptual target-distractor similarity, we could investigate how and when the two similarities interactively affect search performance and neural correlates of spatial attention (N2pc) using electroencephalography (EEG). Behavioral results showed that categorical target-distractor similarity interacted with perceptual target-distractor similarity, such that the effect of categorical similarity was strongest when target and distractor objects were perceptually similar. EEG results showed that perceptual similarity influenced the early part of the N2pc (200-250 ms after stimulus onset), while categorical similarity influenced the later part (250-300 ms). Mirroring the behavioral results, categorical similarity interacted with perceptual similarity during this later time window, with categorical effects only observed for perceptually similar target-distractor pairs. Together, these results provide evidence for hierarchical processing in visual search: categorical properties influence spatial attention only when perceptual properties are insufficient to guide attention to the target.

Public significance statementSearching for a target object among perceptually similar distractor objects (e.g., looking for an apple among peaches) is relatively difficult. In daily life, target and distractor objects may not only share perceptual but also non-perceptual properties, such as category membership (e.g., fruit). Here, we show that categorical similarity between target and distractor objects influences search performance, particularly when target and distractor objects are perceptually similar. Using electrophysiological recordings, we demonstrate that attentional selection is first influenced by perceptual and then by categorical information. This later categorical influence depended on perceptual similarity, being strongest for perceptually similar objects. These findings provide evidence for hierarchical processing in visual search, with categorical properties extracted after perceptual properties.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yeh, L.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peelen, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.16.492133</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The time course of categorical and perceptual similarity effects in visual search]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.23.493134v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multilevel selection leads to divergent coadaptation of care-giving parents during pre-hatching parental care 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.23.493134v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The joint actions of animals in partnerships or social groups evolve under both natural selection, from the wider environment, and social selection, imposed by other members of the pair or group. We used experimental evolution to investigate how jointly expressed actions evolve upon exposure to a new environmental challenge. Our work focused on the evolution of carrion nest preparation by pairs of burying beetles Nicrophorus vespilloides, a joint activity undertaken by the pair but typically led by the male. In previous work, we found that carrion nest preparation evolved to be faster in experimental populations without post-hatching care (No Care lines) than with post-hatching care (Full Care lines). Here we investigate how this joint activity evolved. After 15 generations of experimental evolution, we created heterotypic pairs (No Care females with Full Care males, and No Care males with Full Care females) and compared their carrion nest making with homotypic No Care and Full Care pairs. We found that pairs with No Care males prepared the nest more rapidly than pairs with Full Care males, regardless of the females line of origin. This suggests that males led the way by adapting their nest preparation behaviour to the No Care environment first, with females secondarily co-adapting their behaviour to the males behaviour by reducing their nest preparation behaviour. We discuss how social coadaptations within pairs or groups could act as a post-mating barrier to gene flow.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jarrett, B. J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mashoodh, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Issar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pascoal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rebar, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, S.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schrader, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kilner, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.23.493134</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multilevel selection leads to divergent coadaptation of care-giving parents during pre-hatching parental care]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.06.495045v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cancer Cells in all EMT States Lack Rigidity Sensing Depletion of Different Tumor Suppressors Causes Loss of Rigidity Sensing in Cancer Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.06.495045v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cancer cells have many different behaviors from epithelial to mesenchymal forms. We report here that 36 distinct tumor cell lines regardless of EMT form or other features lack the ability to sense rigidity and will grow on soft surfaces. In the majority of lines, cells were missing at least one protein needed for rigidity sensing (primarily tropomyosin2.1 (Tpm2.1) but also PTPN12, FilaminA (FLNA), and myosinIIA) while all had high levels of Tpm3. In the few cases where the major rigidity sensing components were present, those tumor cells were not able to sense rigidity. Thus, we suggest that tumor cells can lose the ability to sense rigidity by many different means and that the loss of rigidity sensing is sufficient to cause the transformed phenotype that enables targeted treatments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Simpson, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sundararajan, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, T. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheetz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.06.495045</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cancer Cells in all EMT States Lack Rigidity Sensing Depletion of Different Tumor Suppressors Causes Loss of Rigidity Sensing in Cancer Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.09.495492v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An atypical F-actin capping protein modulates cytoskeleton behaviors crucial to colonization of Trichomonas vaginalis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.09.495492v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cytoadherence and consequential migration are crucial for pathogens to establish colonization in the host. In contrast to the nonadherent isolate of Trichomonas vaginalis, the adherent one expresses more actin-related machinery proteins with more active flagellate-amoeboid morphogenesis, amoeba migration, and cytoadherence, activities that were abrogated by an actin assembly blocker. By immunoprecipitation coupled with label-free quantitative proteomics, an F-actin capping protein (TvFACP) was identified from the actin-centric interactome, with an atypically greater binding preference to G-actin than F-actin. TvFACP partially colocalized with F-actin at the parasite pseudopodia protrusion and formed the protein complexes with -actin through its c-terminal domain. Meanwhile, TvFACP overexpression suppresses F-actin polymerization, amoeboid morphogenesis, and cytoadherence in this parasite. Ser2 phosphorylation of TvFACP enriched in the amoeboid stage of adhered trophozoites was reduced by a CKII inhibitor. The site-directed mutagenesis and CKII inhibitor treatment revealed that Ser2 phosphorylation acts as a switching signal to alter TvFACP actin-binding activity and consequent actin cytoskeleton behaviors. Through CKII signaling, TvFACP also controls the conversion of adherent trophozoite from amoeboid migration to flagellate form with axonemal motility. Together, CKII-dependent Ser2 phosphorylation regulates TvFACP binding actin to fine-tune cytoskeleton dynamics and drive crucial behaviors underlying host colonization of T. vaginalis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, F.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, K.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, T.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, H.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.09.495492</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An atypical F-actin capping protein modulates cytoskeleton behaviors crucial to colonization of Trichomonas vaginalis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.14.496213v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nuclear receptor interaction protein (NRIP) as a novel actin-binding protein involved in invadosome formation for myoblast fusion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.14.496213v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To investigate the role of nuclear receptor interaction protein (NRIP) in myoblast fusion, both the primary myoblasts from muscle-specific NRIP-knockout mice and NRIP-null C2C12 cells (KO19 cells) exhibited a significant deficit in the fusion index during myogenesis; on the other hand, overexpressed NRIP in KO19 cells could rescue myotube formation. Furthermore, NRIP was found to interact with actin directly and reciprocally that is an invadosome component for myoblast fusion. Endogenous NRIP colocalized with components of invadosome such as F-actin, Tks5, and cortactin at the tips of cells during C2C12 differentiation, and exogenous NRIP was enriched with actin at the tip of attacking cells during myogenic fusion, implying that NRIP is a novel invadosome component. Using time-lapse microscopy and cell-cell fusion assays further confirmed NRIP directly participates in cell fusion through actin. Moreover, to map the domain of NRIP-actin binding, NRIP interacted with actin either through WD40 domains directly for binding or indirectly through the IQ domain for -actinin 2 binding with actin. NRIP with actin binding was strongly correlated with invadosome formation and myotube fusion. Collectively, NRIP acts as a novel actin-binding protein through its WD40 or the IQ to form invadosomes that trigger myoblast fusion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, T.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yen, W.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, T.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, P.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, L.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsao, Y.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.14.496213</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nuclear receptor interaction protein (NRIP) as a novel actin-binding protein involved in invadosome formation for myoblast fusion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.04.498645v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial and temporal origin of the third SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak in Taiwan 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.04.498645v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Since the first report of SARS-CoV-2 in December 2019, Taiwan has gone through three local outbreaks. Unlike the first two outbreaks, the spatial and temporal origin of the third outbreak (April 20 to November 5, 2021) is still unclear. We assembled and analyzed a data set of more than 6,000 SARS-CoV-2 genomes, including 300 from Taiwan and 5812 related sequences downloaded from GISAID as of 2021/12/08. We found that the third outbreak in Taiwan was caused by a single virus lineage belonging to Alpha (B.1.1.7) strain. This lineage, T-III (the third outbreak in Taiwan), carries a distinct genetic fingerprint, consisting of spike M1237I (S-M1237I) and three silent mutations, C5812T, C15895T, and T27869C. The T-III is closest to the sequences derived from Turkey on February 8, 2021. The estimated age of the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) of T-III is March 23, 2021 (95% highest posterior density [HPD] February 24 - April 13, 2021), almost one month before the first three confirmed cases on April 20, 2021. The effective population size of the T-III showed approximately 20-fold increase after the onset of the outbreak and reached a plateau in early June 2021. Our results reconcile several unresolved observations, including the occurrence of two infection clusters at the same time without traceable connection and several airline pilots who were PCR negative but serum IgM-/IgG+ for SARS-CoV-2 in late April. Therefore, in contrast to the general notion that the third SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Taiwan was sparked by two imported cases from USA on April 20, 2021, which, in turn, was caused by the partial relaxation of entry quarantine measures in early April 2021, our comprehensive analyses demonstrated that the outbreak was most likely originated from Europe in February 2021.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tai, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Low, Y. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, H.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foster, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, P.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.04.498645</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial and temporal origin of the third SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak in Taiwan]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.20.500802v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-ancestry GWAS of major depression aids locus discovery, fine-mapping, gene prioritisation, and causal inference 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.20.500802v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of major depression (MD) have been conducted in samples of European ancestry. Here we report a multi-ancestry GWAS of MD, adding data from 21 studies with 88,316 MD cases and 902,757 controls to previously reported data from individuals of European ancestry. This includes samples of African (36% of effective sample size), East Asian (26%) and South Asian (6%) ancestry and Hispanic/Latinx participants (32%). The multi-ancestry GWAS identified 190 significantly associated loci, 53 of them novel. For previously reported loci from GWAS in European ancestry the power-adjusted transferability ratio was 0.6 in the Hispanic/Latinx group and 0.3 in each of the other groups. Fine-mapping benefited from additional sample diversity: the number of credible sets with [&le;]5 variants increased from 3 to 12. A transcriptome-wide association study identified 354 significantly associated genes, 205 of them novel. Mendelian Randomisation showed a bidirectional relationship with BMI exclusively in samples of European ancestry. This first multi-ancestry GWAS of MD demonstrates the importance of large diverse samples for the identification of target genes and putative mechanisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Meng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Navoly, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giannakopoulou, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DL, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koller, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pathak, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renteria, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaziano, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zar, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Heel, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trivedi, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McQuillin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bass, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chundru, V. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Q. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valkovskaya, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, P.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, S.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kendler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peterson, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burmeister, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loos, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preuss, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Actkins, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uddin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wildman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ursano, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kessler, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanai, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okada, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sakaue, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rabinowitz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maher, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uhl, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eato</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.20.500802</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-ancestry GWAS of major depression aids locus discovery, fine-mapping, gene prioritisation, and causal inference]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.20.500890v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Circulating androgen regulation by androgen-catabolizing gut bacteria in male mouse gut 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.20.500890v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Abnormally high circulating androgen levels have been considered a causative factor for benign prostatic hypertrophy and prostate cancer. Recent studies suggested that gut bacteria can alter sex steroid profile of host; however, the underlying mechanisms and bacterial taxa remain elusive. Thauera sp. strain GDN1 is an unusual betaproteobacterium capable of aerobic and anaerobic androgen catabolism in environmental conditions (37{degrees}C) resembling the mammalian gut. The strain GDN1 administration to C57BL/6J mice through oral gavage profoundly affected gut bacterial community, along with an approximately 50% reduction in serum androgen level in male mice. Our RT-qPCR results revealed the differential expression of aerobic and anaerobic androgen catabolic genes in the mouse ileum (microaerobic) and caecum (anaerobic), respectively. Furthermore, androgenic ring-cleaved metabolites were detected in the mouse fecal extract. This study discovered that androgen serves as a carbon source of gut microbes and that androgen-catabolizing gut bacteria can modulate host circulating androgen levels.

HighlightsO_LIThauera sp. strain GDN1 administration through oral gavage regulated mouse serum androgen levels.
C_LIO_LIThe biochemical, genetic, and metabolite profile analyses revealed the occurrence of bacterial androgen catabolism in the mouse gut.
C_LIO_LIAndrogen catabolism proceeds through the O2-dependent and O2-independent catabolic pathways in mouse ileum and caecum, respectively.
C_LIO_LIA possibility to harness Thauera sp. strain GDN1 as a functional probiotic to treat hyperandrogenism.
C_LI

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=89 SRC="FIGDIR/small/500890v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (33K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@515126org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@a696faorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1020beforg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@15da175_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG In briefHsiao et al. found that oral administration of androgen-catabolizing Thauera species regulated mouse serum androgen level. They characterized the gut microbe-mediated androgen catabolism through genetic and biochemical analyses. Their discovery portends a possibility of harnessing androgen-catabolic gut bacteria as functional probiotics to treat hyperandrogenism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hsiao, T.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chou, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mong, G.-J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, T.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, T.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, P.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tseng, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shih, C.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, M.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, Y.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.20.500890</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Circulating androgen regulation by androgen-catabolizing gut bacteria in male mouse gut]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.21.500782v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-molecule localization microscopy reveals the ultrastructural root constitution of distal appendages in expanded mammalian centrioles 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.21.500782v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Distal appendages (DAPs) are vital in cilia formation, mediating vesicular and ciliary docking to the plasma membrane during early ciliogenesis. Although numerous DAP proteins arranging a nine-fold symmetry have been studied using superresolution microscopy analyses, the extensive ultrastructural understanding of the DAP root structure developing from the centriole wall remains elusive owing to insufficient resolution. Here, we proposed a pragmatic imaging strategy for two-color single-molecule localization microscopy of swellable mammalian DAP proteins. Importantly, our imaging workflow enables us to push the resolution limit of a light microscope well close to an electron microscopy level, thus achieving an unprecedented {lambda}/200 mapping precision inside intact cells. Upon this workflow, we unravel the ultraresolved higher-order protein complexes of the core DAP. Intriguingly, C2CD3, microtubule triplet, and ODF2 jointly constitute the spatial basis of DAP, suggesting a unique configuration of the DAP assembly. Moreover, our results show that the distal-layered ODF2 labeled at the N- and C-terminus construct a fastening unit encircling the microtubule triplets. Together, we develop an organelle-based drift correction protocol and a two-color solution with minimum crosstalk, allowing a robust localization microscopy imaging of expanded cellular structures deep into the gel-specimen composites.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chang, T.-J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, J. C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.21.500782</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-molecule localization microscopy reveals the ultrastructural root constitution of distal appendages in expanded mammalian centrioles]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.22.500895v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Thermal cycling-hyperthermia ameliorates cognitive impairment of intracerebroventricular Aβ25-35-induced Alzheimer's disease in C57BL/6 mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.22.500895v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite continuation of some controversies, Alzheimers disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia nowadays, has been widely believed to derive mainly from excessive {beta}-amyloid (A{beta}) aggregation, that would increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induce neuroinflammation, leading to neuron loss and cognitive impairment. Existing drugs on A{beta} have been ineffective or offer only temporary relief at best, due to blood-brain barrier or severe side effects. The study employed thermal cycling-hyperthermia (TC-HT) as an alternative AD therapy and compared its effect with continuous hyperthermia (HT) in vivo. It established an AD mice model via intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of A{beta}25-35, proving that TC-HT is much more effective in alleviating its performance decline in Y-maze and NOR test, in comparison with HT. In addition, TC-HT also exhibits a better performance in decreasing the hippocampal A{beta} and BACE1 expressions as well as the neuroinflammation markers Iba-1 and GFAP levels. Furthermore, the study finds that TC-HT can elevate more protein expressions of IDE and antioxidative enzyme SOD2 than HT. Besides, after establishment of neuroprotective mechanism, removal of TC-HT-induced ROS can further augment protection of neural cells against A{beta}. In sum, the study proves the potential of TC-HT in AD treatment, which can be put into clinical application with the use of focused ultrasound (FUS).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kuo, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, G.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.22.500895</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Thermal cycling-hyperthermia ameliorates cognitive impairment of intracerebroventricular Aβ25-35-induced Alzheimer's disease in C57BL/6 mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.30.501645v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Probabilistic Edge Inference of Gene Networks with Bayesian Markov Random Field Modelling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.30.501645v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gaussian graphical models (GGMs), also known as Gaussian Markov random field (MRF) models, are commonly used for gene regulatory network construction. Most current approaches to estimating network structure via GGMs can be categorized into a binary decision that determines if an edge exists through penalized optimization and a probabilistic approach that incorporates graph uncertainty. Analyses in the first category usually adopt the perspective of variable (edge) selection without consideration of probabilistic interpretation. Methods in the second group, particularly the Bayesian approach, often quantify the uncertainty in the network structure with a stochastic measure on the precision matrix. Nevertheless, these methods overlook the existence probability of an edge and its strength related to the dependence between nodes. This study simultaneously investigates the existence and intensity of edges for network structure learning. We propose a method that combines the Bayesian MRF model and conditional autoregressive model for the relationship between gene nodes. This analysis can evaluate the relative strength of the edges and further prioritize the edges of interest. Simulations and a glioblastoma cancer study were carried out to assess the proposed models performance and compare it with existing methods. The proposed approach shows stable performance and may identify novel structures with biological insights.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukherjee, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsiao, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.30.501645</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Probabilistic Edge Inference of Gene Networks with Bayesian Markov Random Field Modelling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.30.501939v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A single dose of intravenous human amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells limits transmural infarction, reduces fibrosis size, and improves left ventricular systolic function in the myocardial ischemic/reperfusion model of rats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.30.501939v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite the advances in coronary reperfusion in acute myocardial infarction (MI), post-MI heart failure is still a large burden of public health. Transmural infarction and extended fibrosis contribute largely to post-MI systolic dysfunction and heart failure, and thus cardioprotective strategies are crucial. Human amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) have been shown with properties of immunomodulation, anti-inflammation, and low immunogenicity, which make them good candidates for cell therapies. In this study, a myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model was established in rats, and hAMSCs were administered via the tail vein during coronary reperfusion. Compared to the control group, the rats receiving hAMSCs during the I/R procedure (hAMSC group) exhibited significantly better left ventricular ejection fractions after MI. Histological examinations of the hearts in hAMSC group showed minimal transmural infarction 4 weeks after the I/R procedure. Compared to the control group, hAMSC group had reduced size of cardiac fibrosis and less thinning of myocardial wall. In conclusion, intravenous hAMSCs limit transmural infarction, reduce fibrosis size, and improve left ventricular systolic function after MI in the animal model.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sung, J.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, F.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, A.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.30.501939</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A single dose of intravenous human amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells limits transmural infarction, reduces fibrosis size, and improves left ventricular systolic function in the myocardial ischemic/reperfusion model of rats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.31.502235v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Antigenic characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariant BA.2.75 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.31.502235v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariant BA.2.75 emerged recently and appears to be spreading rapidly. It has nine mutations in its spike compared to BA.2, raising concerns it may further evade vaccine-elicited and therapeutic antibodies. Here, we found BA.2.75 to be moderately more neutralization resistant to sera from vaccinated/boosted individuals than BA.2 (1.8-fold), similar to BA.2.12.1 (1.1-fold), but more neutralization sensitive than BA.4/5 (0.6-fold). Relative to BA.2, BA.2.75 showed heightened resistance to class 1 and class 3 monoclonal antibodies to the receptor-binding domain, while gaining sensitivity to class 2 antibodies. The resistance was largely conferred by the G446S and R460K mutations. Of note, BA.2.75 was slightly resistant (3.7-fold) to bebtelovimab, the only therapeutic antibody with potent activity against all Omicron subvariants. BA.2.75 also exhibited higher receptor binding affinity than other Omicron subvariants. BA.2.75 provides yet another example of the ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2 as it gains transmissibility while incrementally evading antibody neutralization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iketani, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.31.502235</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Antigenic characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariant BA.2.75]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.05.503005v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Genetically-Encoded Multivalent Liquid N-glycan Arrays 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.05.503005v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A hallmark of cellular glycosylation is its chemical complexity and heterogeneity, which can be challenging to capture synthetically. Using chemoenzymatic synthesis on M13 phage, we produce a genetically-encoded liquid glycan array (LiGA) of biantennary complex type N-glycans. Ligation of azido-functionalized sialylglycosyl-asparagine derived from egg yolk to phage functionalized with 50-1000 copies of dibenzocyclooctyne produced divergent intermediate that can be trimmed by glycosidases and extended by glycosyltransferases to yield a library of phages with different N-glycans. Post-reaction analysis by MALDI-TOF MS provided a rigorous approach to confirm N-glycan structure and density, both of which were encoded in the bacteriophage DNA. The binding of this N-glycan LiGA by ten lectins, including CD22 or DC-SIGN expressed on live cells, uncovered an optimal structure/density combination for recognition. Injection of the LiGA into mice identified glycoconjugates with structures and avidity necessary for enrichment in specific organs. This work provides an unprecedented quantitative evaluation of the interaction of complex N-glycans with GBPs in vitro and in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sojitra, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carpenter, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayhoe, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarkar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Volker, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atrazhev, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lowary, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macauley, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Derda, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.05.503005</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Genetically-Encoded Multivalent Liquid N-glycan Arrays]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.23.504939v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A neural signature of reward 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.23.504939v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Using a neurometric approach, we identify and validate a neural signature of reward encoded in a distributed pattern of brain activity using data collected from 21 different studies (N = 2,691). Our model can discriminate between receiving rewards from punishments in completely independent data with 99% accuracy and includes weights located in regions containing a high density of D2/D3 receptors. The model exhibits strong generalizability across a range of tasks probing reward, and a high degree of specificity for reward compared to non-reward constructs. We demonstrate several applications of how this model can infer psychological states of positive affect in the absence of self report. The model is sensitive to changes in brain activity following causal manipulations of homeostatic states, can uncover individual preferences for loss-aversion, and can be used to identify positive affective experiences when watching a television show. Our results suggest that there is a shared neural signature of reward elicited across these different task contexts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chang, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ranger, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Begunova, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, P.-H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castrellon, j.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samanez-Larkin, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zald, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fareri, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delgado, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomova, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.23.504939</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A neural signature of reward]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.01.506280v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiple climate change factors jointly increased the competitiveness of a C4 grass against its C3 competitor 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.01.506280v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
C3 and C4 plants are the two major terrestrial plant groups that respond differently to temperature, water, and CO2. Although much research has focused on the individual effect of warming, water availability, and elevated CO2 on biomass production and competitive interactions between C3 and C4 plants, the joint effects of these factors remain underexplored. We grew naturally co-occurring C3 (Oplismenus composites) and C4 (Paspalum conjugatum) grass under three temperature warming scenarios (control, +2{degrees}C, and +4{degrees}C), two water supply intervals (normal 2 days vs. prolonged 7 days [drought]), and two CO2 concentrations (ambient 400 ppm vs. elevated 800 ppm) in growth chambers and measured their above- and below-ground dry biomass in monoculture and mixture to quantify their biomass performances and competitive responses. Warming and elevated CO2 together enhanced the above- and/or below-ground biomass of both C3 and C4 grass. Moreover, temperature, water, and CO2 interacted to increase the below-ground biomass of the C4 grass. Surprisingly, the C3 grass performed worse under interspecific competition (mixture biomass) relative to intraspecific competition (monoculture biomass) at elevated CO2 compared to ambient CO2, while the reverse is true for the C4 grass. Furthermore, the C4 grass was most competitive against the C3 grass under simultaneous 4{degrees}C warming, drought, and elevated CO2. Taken together, our results suggest that the competitive balance could potentially shift in favor of C4 plants under the projected temperature warming, increased drought frequencies, and rising atmospheric CO2, with an increase in C4 relative abundance in future plant communities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hsu, G.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ke, P.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, C.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.01.506280</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiple climate change factors jointly increased the competitiveness of a C4 grass against its C3 competitor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.05.506628v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Resistance of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Subvariant BA.4.6 to Antibody Neutralization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.05.506628v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BA.4.6, BA.4.7, and BA.5.9 have recently emerged, and BA.4.6 appears to be expanding even in the presence of BA.5 that is globally dominant. Compared to BA.5, these new subvariants harbor a mutation at R346 residue in the spike glycoprotein, raising concerns for further antibody evasion. We compared the viral receptor binding affinity of the new Omicron subvariants with BA.5 by surface plasmon resonance. We also performed VSV-based pseudovirus neutralization assays to evaluate their antigenic properties using sera from individuals who received three doses of a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine (boosted) and patients with BA.1 or BA.2 breakthrough infection, as well as using a panel of 23 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Compared to the BA.5 subvariant, BA.4.6, BA.4.7, and BA.5.9 showed similar binding affinities to hACE2 and exhibited similar resistance profiles to boosted and BA.1 breakthrough sera, but BA.4.6 was slightly but significantly more resistant than BA.5 to BA.2 breakthrough sera. Moreover, BA.4.6, BA.4.7, and BA.5.9 showed heightened resistance over to a class of mAbs due to R346T/S/I mutation. Notably, the authorized combination of tixagevimab and cilgavimab completely lost neutralizing activity against these three subvariants. The loss of activity of tixagevimab and cilgavimab against BA.4.6 leaves us with bebtelovimab as the only therapeutic mAb that has retained potent activity against all circulating forms of SARS-CoV-2. As the virus continues to evolve, our arsenal of authorized mAbs may soon be depleted, thereby jeopardizing the wellbeing of millions of immunocompromised persons who cannot robustly respond to COVID-19 vaccines.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.05.506628</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Resistance of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Subvariant BA.4.6 to Antibody Neutralization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.07.506940v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MRI-based computational model generation for cerebral perfusion simulations in health and ischaemic stroke 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.07.506940v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cerebral perfusion models were found to be promising research tools to predict the impact of acute ischaemic stroke and related treatments on cerebral blood flow (CBF) linked to patients functional outcome. To provide insights relevant to clinical trials, perfusion simulations need to become suitable for group-level investigations, but computational studies to date have been limited to a few patient-specific cases. This study set out to overcome issues related to automated parameter inference, that restrict the sample size of perfusion simulations, by integrating neuroimaging data. Seventy-five brain models were generated using measurements from a cohort of 75 healthy elderly individuals to model resting-state CBF distributions. Computational perfusion model geometries were adjusted using healthy reference subjects T1-weighted MRI. Haemodynamic model parameters were determined from CBF measurements corresponding to arterial spin labelling perfusion MRI. Thereafter, perfusion simulations were conducted for 150 acute ischaemic stroke cases by simulating an occlusion and cessation of blood flow in the left and right middle cerebral arteries. The anatomical (geometrical) fitness of the brain models was evaluated by comparing the simulated grey and white matter (GM and WM) volumes to measurements in healthy reference subjects. Statistically significant, strong positive correlations were found in both cases (GM: Pearsons r 0.74, P-value< 0.001; WM: Pearsons r 0.84, P-value< 0.001). Haemodynamic parameter tuning was verified by comparing total volumetric blood flow rate to the brain in reference subjects and simulations resulting in Pearsons r 0.89, and P-value< 0.001. In acute ischaemic stroke cases, the simulated infarct volume using a perfusion-based proxy was 197{+/-}25 ml. Computational results showed excellent agreement with anatomical and haemodynamic literature data corresponding to T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and phase-contrast MRI measurements both in healthy scenarios and in acute ischaemic stroke cases. Simulation results represented solely worst-case stroke scenarios with large infarcts because compensatory mechanisms, e.g. collaterals, were neglected. The established computational brain model generation framework provides a foundation for population-level cerebral perfusion simulations and for in silico clinical stroke trials which could assist in medical device and drug development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jozsa, T. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petr, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barkhof, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payne, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mutsaerts, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.07.506940</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MRI-based computational model generation for cerebral perfusion simulations in health and ischaemic stroke]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.08.506689v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distinct selection signatures during domestication and improvement in crops: a tale of two genes in mungbean 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.08.506689v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Domestication and improvement are two crucial processes underlying the evolution of crops. Domestication transformed wild plants into a utilizable form for humans; improvement refined cultivars adapting to distinct environments and local preferences. Using whole-genome re-sequencing of Vigna radiata, we investigated the demographic history and compared the genetic footprints of domestication and improvement. The Asian wild population migrated to Australia at about 50 kya, and domestication happened in Asia about 9 kya selecting for non-shattering pods. The key candidate gene for this trait, VrMYB26a, has lower expression in cultivars, consistent with the reduced polymorphism in the promoter region reflecting hard selective sweep. The determinate stems were later selected as an improvement phenotype and associated with the gene VrDet1. Two ancient haplotypes reducing gene expression exhibit intermediate frequencies in cultivars, consistent with selection favoring independent haplotypes in soft selective sweep. Our results suggest domestication and improvement may leave different genomic signatures of selection, reflecting the fundamental differences in the two processes and highlighting the limitations of genome-scan methods relying on hard selective sweep.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, P.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anand, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noble, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nair, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schafleitner, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samsonova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bishop-von-Wettberg, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nuzhdin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ting, C.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawn, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.08.506689</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distinct selection signatures during domestication and improvement in crops: a tale of two genes in mungbean]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.16.508351v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Antigenic characterisation of human monoclonal antibodies for therapeutic use against H7N9 avian influenza virus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.16.508351v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Since 2013, H7N9 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have caused more than 1500 human deaths and millions of poultry culling. Despite large-scale poultry vaccination, H7N9 AIVs continue to circulate among poultry in China and pose a threat to human health. Previously, we isolated and generated four monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) derived from humans naturally infected with H7N9 AIV. Here, we investigated the haemagglutinin (HA) epitopes of H7N9 AIV targeted by these mAbs (L3A-44, K9B-122, L4A-14 and L4B-18) using immune escape studies. Our results revealed four key antigenic epitopes at HA amino acid positions 125, 133, 149, and 217. The mutant H7N9 viruses representing escape mutations containing Alanine to Threonine at residue 125 (A125T), Glycine to Glutamic acid at residue 133 (G133E), Asparagine to Aspartic acid at residue 149 (N149D), or Leucine to Glutamine at residue 217 (L217Q) showed reduced or completely abolished cross-reactivity with the mAbs, as measured by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. We further assessed the potential risk of these mutants to humans should they emerge following mAb treatment by measuring the impact of these HA mutations on virus fitness and evasion of host adaptive immunity. Here we showed that the L4A-14 mAb had broad neutralizing capability, and its escape mutant N149D had reduced viral stability and human receptor binding and could be neutralized by both post-infection and antigen-induced sera. Therefore, L4A-14 mAb could be a therapeutic candidate for H7N9 AIV infection in humans and warrants further investigation for therapeutic application.

IMPORTANCEAvian Influenza virus (AIV) H7N9 continues to circulate and evolve in birds, posing a credible threat to humans. Antiviral drugs have been proven useful for the treatment of severe influenza infections in humans, however, concerns have been raised as antiviral resistant mutants have emerged. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been studied for both prophylactic and therapeutic applications in infectious disease control and have demonstrated great potential. For example, mAb treatment has significantly reduced the risk of people developing severe disease with SARS-COV 2 infection. In addition to the protection efficiency, we should also consider the potential risk of the escape mutants generated by mAb treatment to public health by assessing their viral fitness and potential to compromise host adaptive immunity. Considering these parameters, we assessed four human mAbs derived from humans naturally infected with H7N9 AIV and showed that the mAb L4A-14 displayed potential as a therapeutic candidate.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lukosaityte, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sealy, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rijal, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sadeyen, J.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhat, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crossley, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daines, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, K.-Y. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Townsend, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iqbal, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.16.508351</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Antigenic characterisation of human monoclonal antibodies for therapeutic use against H7N9 avian influenza virus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.04.510853v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SUBTLE DIFFERENCES IN FINE POLYSACCHARIDE STRUCTURES GOVERN SELECTION AND SUCCESSION OF HUMAN GUT MICROBIOTA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.04.510853v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dietary fibers are fermented in the human gut and are known to modulate microbiome composition and metabolic function, but few studies have explored to what extent the small variations in complex fiber structures impact community assembly, microbial division of labor, and organismal metabolic responses across individuals microbiome structures. To test the hypothesis that subtle linkage variations in chemical structures of polysaccharides afford different ecological niches for distinct communities and metabolism, we employed a 7-day in vitro sequential batch fermentation with fecal inocula from individual donors and measured microbial responses using an integrated multi-omics approach. We fermented two sorghum arabinoxylans (SAXs) as model complex polysaccharides, with fecal microbiota from three donors and an artificially high diversity mix of all three. Although differences in sugar linkage profiles across SAXs were subtle, surprisingly, consortia fermenting different AXs revealed distinct species-level genomic diversity and metabolic outcomes with nearly-identical strains on each polysaccharide across inocula. Carbohydrate active enzyme (CAZyme) genes in metagenomes revealed broad AX-related hydrolytic potentials; however, CAZyme genes enriched in different AX-fermenting consortia were specific to SAX type and displayed various catabolic domain fusions with diverse accessory motifs, suggesting they may be functionally degenerate and this degeneracy may relate to fine substrate structure. These results suggest that fine polysaccharide structure exerts deterministic selection effect for distinct fermenting consortia, which are present amongst unrelated individuals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deemer, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, M.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reuhs, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamaker, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindemann, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.04.510853</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SUBTLE DIFFERENCES IN FINE POLYSACCHARIDE STRUCTURES GOVERN SELECTION AND SUCCESSION OF HUMAN GUT MICROBIOTA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.16.512416v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Baculovirus Surface Display of Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase for Monoclonal Antibody Production 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.16.512416v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The H7N9 influenza virus that emerged in 2013 is a dangerous infectious disease with a high mortality rate of up to 40%. Developing effective monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to detect and treat the infection of this virus is therefore critical. In this study, we expressed hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) of H7N9 (A/Anhui/1/2013) on the surface of baculovirus (i.e., HA7-Bac and NA9-Bac). Our results showed that both HA or NA proteins displayed on HA7-Bac or NA9-Bac could well maintain their native biological function. Mice antisera derived from the injections of either HA7-Bac- or NA9-Bac exhibited high inhibitory activity in the hemagglutination and neuraminidase assay of H7N9 virus. mAbs generated by immunization with HA7-Bac exhibited high neutralizing activity against H7N9 virus infectivity in cell assays, whereas mAbs generated by immunization with NA9-Bac inhibited neuraminidase activity. These results proved that baculovirus display of HA and NA from H7N9 could be convenient agents to generate neutralizing mAbs against virus infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lo, H.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jan, J.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.16.512416</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Baculovirus Surface Display of Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase for Monoclonal Antibody Production]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.04.515251v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The role of the cerebellum in learning to predict reward: evidence from cerebellar ataxia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.04.515251v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent findings in animals have challenged the traditional view of the cerebellum solely as the site of motor control, suggesting that the cerebellum may also be important for learning to predict reward from trial-and-error feedback. Yet, evidence for the role of the cerebellum in reward learning in humans is lacking. Moreover, open questions remain about which specific aspects of reward learning the cerebellum may contribute to. Here we address this gap through an investigation of multiple forms of reward learning in individuals with cerebellum dysfunction, represented by cerebellar ataxia cases. Nineteen participants with cerebellar ataxia and 57 age- and sex-matched healthy controls completed two separate tasks that required learning about reward contingencies from trial-and-error. To probe the selectivity of reward learning processes, the tasks differed in their underlying structure: while one task measured incremental reward learning ability alone, the other allowed participants to use an alternative learning strategy based on episodic memory alongside incremental reward learning. We found that individuals with cerebellar ataxia were profoundly impaired at reward learning from trial-and-error feedback on both tasks, but retained the ability to learn to predict reward based on episodic memory. These findings provide evidence from humans for a specific and necessary role for the cerebellum in incremental learning of reward associations based on reinforcement. More broadly, the findings suggest that alongside its role in motor learning, the cerebellum likely operates in concert with the basal ganglia to support reinforcement learning from reward.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nicholas, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amlang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montaser-Kouhsari, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desai, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, M.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shohamy, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.04.515251</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The role of the cerebellum in learning to predict reward: evidence from cerebellar ataxia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.08.515735v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Environmental luminance impairs socio-sexual recognition memory through a succinct retina to supraoptic nucleus circuit 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.08.515735v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Social memory between the same gender or even different gender is a complex and heavily modulated process in the nervous system. It is important for an individual to form social memory between the opposite sex to either increase mating opportunities with multiple partners or form monogamous pair bonding. Therefore, a specific neuronal circuit to regulate social sexual memory may enhance the mating opportunity for an individual. It has been shown that both the auditory and somatosensory systems could increase the activity of oxytocin neurons in the paraventricular nucleus to regulate social behaviors. Although light exposure could influence various forms of memory, such as fear and object memory, how luminance signals modulate social recognition memory remains unclear. Here, we show that acute light exposure could impair the socio-sexual recognition memory (SSRM) in male mice. Contrary to sound and touch, light stimulation could inhibit oxytocin neurons in the SON (SONOT) through M1 SON-projecting ipRGCs and GABAergic neurons in the peri-SON (pSONGABA). Optogenetic activation of SONOT neurons with channelrhodopsin is sufficient to enhance the SSRM performance in male mice, even under light conditions. Our results show that the visual system could modulate SSRM through a succinct ipRGCs-pSONGABA-SONOT neuronal circuitry. Together, we demonstrate a dedicated neuronal circuit of how luminance affects memory formation for an individual toward different sex through the oxytocin system, a powerful modulatory neurohormone in the central nervous system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.08.515735</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Environmental luminance impairs socio-sexual recognition memory through a succinct retina to supraoptic nucleus circuit]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.17.516840v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evaluating the analytical validity of mutation calling pipeline for tumor whole exome sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.17.516840v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Detecting somatic mutations from the patients tumor tissues has the clinical impacts in medical decision making. Library preparation methods, sequencing platforms, read alignment tools and variant calling algorithms are the major factors to influence the data analysis results. Understanding the performance of the tool combinations of the somatic variant calling pipelines has become an important issue in the use of the whole exome sequences (WES) analysis in clinical actions. In this study, we selected four state-of-the-art sequence aligners including BWA, Bowtie2, DRAGMAP, DRAGEN aligner (DragenA) and HISAT2. For the variant callers, we chose GATK Mutect2, Sentieon TNscope, DRAGEN caller (DragenC) and DeepVariant. The benchmarking tumor whole exome sequencing data released from the FDA-led Sequencing and Quality Control Phase 2 (SEQC2) consortium was applied as the true positive variants to evaluate the overall performance.

Multiple combinations of the aligners and variant callers were used to assess the variation detection capability. We measured the recall, precision and F1-score for each combination in both single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and short insertions and deletions (InDels) variant detections. We also evaluated their performances in different variant allele frequencies (VAFs) and the base pair length. The results showed that the top recall, precision and F1-score in the SNVs detection were generated by the combinations of BWA+DragenC(0.9629), Bowtie2+TNscope(0.9957) and DRAGMAP+DragenC(0.9646), respectively. In the InDels detection, BWA+DragenC(0.9546), Hisat2+TNscope(0.7519) and DragenA+DragenC(0.8081) outperformed the other combinations in the recall, precision and F1-Score, respectively. In addition, we found that the variant callers could bias the variant calling results. Finally, although some combinations yielded high accuracies of variant detection, but some variants still could not be detected by these outperformed combinations. The results of this study provided the vital information that no single combination could achieve superior results in detecting all the variants of the benchmarking dataset. In conclusion, applying both merged-based and ensemble-based variants detection approaches is encouraged to further detect variants comprehensively.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cheng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.17.516840</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evaluating the analytical validity of mutation calling pipeline for tumor whole exome sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.22.517520v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparative single-cell profiling reveals distinct cardiac resident macrophages essential for zebrafish heart regeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.22.517520v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Zebrafish exhibit a robust ability to regenerate their hearts following injury, and the immune system plays a key role in this process. We previously showed that delaying macrophage recruitment by clodronate liposome (CL) treatment compromises neutrophil resolution and heart regeneration, even when the infiltrating macrophage number was restored within the first-week post injury (Lai et al., 2017). Here, we examined the molecular mechanisms underlying the cardiac repair of regenerative PBS-control hearts vs. non-regenerative CL-treated hearts. Bulk transcriptomic analyses revealed that CL-treated hearts exhibited disrupted inflammatory resolution and energy metabolism during cardiac repair. Temporal single-cell profiling of inflammatory cells in regenerative vs. non-regenerative conditions further identified heterogenous macrophages and neutrophils with distinct infiltration dynamics, gene expression, and cellular crosstalk. Among them, two residential macrophage subpopulations were enriched in regenerative hearts and barely recovered in non-regenerative hearts. Early CL treatment at 8 days or even 1 month before cryoinjury led to the depletion of resident macrophages without affecting the circulating macrophage recruitment to the injured area. Strikingly, these resident macrophage-deficient zebrafish still exhibited compromised neovascularization and scar resolution. Our results characterized the inflammatory cells of the zebrafish injured hearts and identified key resident macrophage subpopulations prerequisite for successful heart regeneration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wei, K.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, I.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chowdhury, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, K.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ko, T.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, K.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, S.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.22.517520</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparative single-cell profiling reveals distinct cardiac resident macrophages essential for zebrafish heart regeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.24.517788v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Prostaglandin E2 prevents radiotherapy-induced alopecia by attenuating transit amplifying cell apoptosis through promoting G1 arrest 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.24.517788v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Growing hair follicles (HFs) harbor actively dividing transit amplifying cells (TACs), rendering them highly sensitive to radiotherapy (RT). Clinically, there is still a lack of effective treatment for radiotherapy-induced alopecia (RIA). We aimed to dissect the effect and mechanism of local prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) pretreatment in RIA prevention. We found that PGE2 pretreatment reduced RIA by preventing premature termination of anagen through enhancing HF self-repair.

Mechanistically, PGE2 did not activate HF stem cells, but preserved more TACs for regenerative attempts. Pretreatment of PGE2 lessened radiosensitivity of TACs by transiently arresting them in the G1 phase, thereby reducing TAC apoptosis and mitigating HF dystrophy. The preservation of more TACs accelerated HF self-repair and bypassed RT-induced premature catagen entry. Promoting G1 arrest by systemic administration of palbociclib isethionate (PD0332991), a CDK4/6 inhibitor, offered a similar protective effect against RT. Therefore, PGE2 protects HF TACs from RT by transiently inducing G1 arrest, and the regeneration of HF structures lost from RT is accelerated to resume anagen growth, thus bypassing the long downtime of hair loss. PGE2 has the potential to be repurposed as a preventive treatment for RIA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lai, S.-f.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, W.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, J.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, S.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.24.517788</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Prostaglandin E2 prevents radiotherapy-induced alopecia by attenuating transit amplifying cell apoptosis through promoting G1 arrest]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.28.518189v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A versatile method to archive and delipidate brain tissues for ensuing multiplexed immunolabeling and organ-level imaging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.28.518189v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tissue clearing and labeling techniques have revolutionized brain-wide imaging and analysis, yet their application to clinical formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks remains challenging. We introduce HIF-Clear, a novel method for efficiently clearing and labeling centimeter-thick FFPE specimens using elevated temperature and concentrated detergents. HIF-Clear with multi-round immunolabeling reveals neuron circuitry regulating multiple neurotransmitter systems in a whole FFPE mouse brain, and is able to be used as the evaluation of disease treatment efficiency. HIF-Clear also supports expansion microscopy and can be performed on a non-sectioned 15-year-old FFPE specimen, as well as a 3-month formalin-fixed mouse brain. Thus, HIF-Clear represents a feasible approach for researching archived FFPE specimens for future neuroscientific and 3D neuropathological analyses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, C.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, G.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, S.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, P.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, B.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, L.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.28.518189</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A versatile method to archive and delipidate brain tissues for ensuing multiplexed immunolabeling and organ-level imaging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.29.518298v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ecological and genetic trade-offs drive Arabidopsis thaliana range expansion in Europe 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.29.518298v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
How trade-offs between traits constrain adaptation to contrasted environments is critical to understand the distribution range of a given species. In Arabidopsis thaliana, genetic analyses recently revealed that a group of genotypes successfully recolonized Europe from its center after the last glaciation, outcompeting older lineages and leaving them only at the distribution margins, where environmental conditions are more stressing. However, whether trade-offs between traits related to dispersal, competition, and stress tolerance explain the success and persistence of different lineages across the species geographic range remains an open question. Here, we compared the genetic and phenotypic differentiation between 72 ecotypes originating from three geographical groups in Europe (North, South and Center). We measured key traits related to fecundity, dispersal ability, competition tolerance, and stress tolerance, and used genomic data to infer the effect of selection on these traits. We showed that a trade-off between plant fecundity and seed mass constrains the diversification of A. thaliana in Europe. In particular, the success of the cosmopolitan genotypes that recolonized Europe can be explained by their higher dispersal ability at the expense of their competitive ability and stress tolerance. Inversely, peripheral ecotypes exhibited the opposite trait syndrome: high competition and stress tolerance but low dispersal ability. Moreover, peripheral genotypes tend to differentiate from central ones at genes involved in dispersal and competitive traits such as seed mass. Combining ecological and genomic approaches, our study demonstrated the role of key ecological trade-offs as evolutionary drivers of the distribution of plant populations along a geographic gradient.

SignificanceAcross geographic gradients, differential adaptive phenotypes among populations can reduce the risk of local extinctions and favor niche dynamics. However, a phenotypic advantage often comes at a cost. For instance, the competition-colonization trade-off is proposed as an important driver of plant interspecific diversity, but its role for local adaptation at the intraspecific level is still unclear. Using the broadly-distributed species Arabidopsis thaliana, we evaluate how ecological trade-offs have shaped the demography and evolution of central and peripheral populations in its native geographic gradient. Our study demonstrates that the competition-colonization trade-off is responsible of the spatially-structured phenotypic variation of A. thaliana across its geographical range. Our study highlights seed mass as a key trait for plant adaptation across environmental conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bastias, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Estarague, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vile, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Exposito-Alonso, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Violle, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasseur, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.29.518298</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ecological and genetic trade-offs drive Arabidopsis thaliana range expansion in Europe]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.07.519424v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TWAS coupled with eQTL analysis reveals the genetic connection between gene expression and flowering time in Arabidopsis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.07.519424v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome-wide association study (GWAS) has improved our understanding of complex traits, but challenges exist in distinguishing causation versus association caused by linkage disequilibrium. Instead, the transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) detects direct associations between expression levels and phenotypic variations, providing an opportunity to better prioritize candidate genes. To assess the feasibility of TWAS, we investigated the association among transcriptomes, genomes, and various traits, including flowering time in Arabidopsis. First, the associated genes formerly known to regulate growth allometry or metabolite production were identified by TWAS. Then, for flowering time, six TWAS-newly identified genes were functionally validated. Analysis of expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) further revealed a trans-regulatory hotspot affecting the expression of several TWAS-identified genes. The hotspot covers the FRIGIDA (FRI) gene body, which possesses multiple haplotypes differentially affecting the expression of downstream genes, such as FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO 1 (SOC1). We also revealed multiple independent paths towards the loss of FRI function in natural accessions. Altogether, this study demonstrates the potential of combining TWAS with eQTL analysis to identify important regulatory modules of the FRI-FLC-SOC1 for quantitative traits in natural populations.

HighlightCombining TWAS with eQTL analyses identifies haplotypes connecting flowering genes with their physiological trait, strengthening the importance of FRI-FLC-SOC1 regulatory module on flowering time among the Arabidopsis natural population.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chien, P.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, P.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiou, T.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.07.519424</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TWAS coupled with eQTL analysis reveals the genetic connection between gene expression and flowering time in Arabidopsis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.14.520369v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Noninvasive Skin Biopsy of Free Nerve Endings via Realtime Third-Harmonic Microscopy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.14.520369v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Skin biopsy was the only method to provide free-intraepidermal-nerve-endings (FINEs) structural information for the differential diagnosis of small fiber neuropathy (SFN). Its invasive nature was particularly unfavorable for patients with diabetic coagulation abnormalities thus there is an unmet clinical need for a non-invasive FINEs imaging tool. Here we show a tightly-focused epi-Third-harmonic-generation microscope (TFETM) for unmyelinated FINEs imaging. Its label-free capability was confirmed by PGP9.5 immunohistochemistry staining and a longitudinal spared nerve injury model study. Moreover, through proposing a dot-connecting algorithm, we established the operational protocol to count three-dimensionally the intraepidermal nerve fibers (IENF) and define the quantitative IENF index. Our clinical trial showed that the label-free IENF index can differentially identify SFN (P-value=0.0102) and was well correlated with IENF density of skin biopsy (Pearsons correlation, R-value= 0.98) in the DPN group. Our study suggested that the unstained dot-connecting third-harmonic microscopy imaging can noninvasively provide FINEs structure information assisting diagnosing SFN.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tseng, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yen, C.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, W.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, S.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, W.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, C.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.14.520369</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Noninvasive Skin Biopsy of Free Nerve Endings via Realtime Third-Harmonic Microscopy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.20.521220v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effect of flavonoids hydroxygenkwanin on vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration, and neointimal formation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.20.521220v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundRestenosis and atherosclerosis are chronic inflammatory disease. Abnormal vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration play crucial roles in neointimal hyperplasia and restenosis progression in response to stimulation with various inflammatory cytokines, such as platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) and tumour necrosis factor- (TNF-). Hydroxygenkwanin (HGK) exerts remarkable anti-inflammatory, antitumour, antiproliferative and antimigratory effects. The aim of the study was to evaluate and elucidate the therapeutic effect and regulatory mechanism of HGK on neointimal hyperplasia.

MethodsTo determine the therapeutic effects of HGK in PDGF-BB- or TNF--treated VSMCs, MTT assays, Western blotting analysis, cell cycle analysis, BrdU incorporation assay, wound healing assay and adhesion assay were performed in vitro. A docking assay was also used to elucidate the mechanism underlying the regulatory effect of HGK. Histological and immunohistochemical staining of denuded femoral arteries was conducted to elucidate the therapeutic effect of HGK in an in vivo assay.

ResultsHGK inhibited the abnormal proliferation, migration, and inflammation of PDGF-BB- or TNF--treated VSMCs through regulation of the PDK1/AKT/mTOR pathway. In addition, HGK promoted circulating endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) chemotaxis. In an in vivo assay, HGK dramatically enhanced re-endothelization and reduced neointimal hyperplasia after femoral artery denudation with a guide wire in mice.

ConclusionsIn the present study, HGK decreased the PDGF-BB- or TNF--induced abnormal proliferation, migration and inflammation in VSMCs and improved re-endothelialization and neointimal hyperplasia in denuded femoral arteries. These results provide a novel potential treatment for restenosis in the future.

Graphic abstract O_FIG_DISPLAY_L [Figure 1] M_FIG_DISPLAY HGK decreases VSMC abnormal proliferation, migration and inflammation through PDK1/AKT/mTOR/S6K inhibition and promotes EPC chemotaxis and reendothelialization. HGK is a potential therapeutic candidate for intimal hyperplasia and restenosis.

C_FIG_DISPLAY
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, M.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leu, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.20.521220</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effect of flavonoids hydroxygenkwanin on vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration, and neointimal formation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.20.521318v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Thermal cycling-hyperthermia down-regulates liposaccharide-induced inflammatory response in human whole-blood and helps clear herpes simplex virus type 1 by U-937 macrophages 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.20.521318v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Infection would lead to temperature increase in the affected region or entire human body, in order to weaken the pathogens, such as virus, or activate the immune system. As an alternative therapy with extensive application for various diseases, hyperthermia (HT) can regulate the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the antiviral activity of immune system. However, existing studies have found that overheating impairs healthy tissues and immune cells. The study puts forth a modified HT treatment, thermal cycling-hyperthermia (TC-HT), looking into its effect on immunomodulation and cellular viabilities. It shows that TC-HT can reduce the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) both ex vivo and in vitro, and elevate the efficacy of U-937 macrophages in clearing herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in vitro. Furthermore, via optimizing its parameters, TC-HT can boost the efficacy of U-937 macrophage in clearing HSV-1, which may be attributed to the enhancement of actin polymerization and phagocytosis activity via TC-HT. In sum, TC-HT outperforms HT in safety and therapeutic effect in immunomodulation, shedding light on its potential in the treatment of immunological diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kuo, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, G.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.20.521318</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Thermal cycling-hyperthermia down-regulates liposaccharide-induced inflammatory response in human whole-blood and helps clear herpes simplex virus type 1 by U-937 macrophages]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.04.522782v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiphoton imaging of glucose, galactose, and fructose-induced formation of fluorescent advanced glycation end products in tissues 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.04.522782v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Blood glucose and HbA1c, intermediate glycation products of hemoglobin, remain the two clinical biomarkers for monitoring disease progression in diabetics. However, the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) has been implicated in diabetic pathogenesis and the use of AGEs in tissues as long-term glycemic markers may be of value in the clinical setting. Therefore, it is necessary to understand how different tissue constituents respond to dietary monosaccharides. In this study, we studied the in vitro rate of fluorescent AGEs (fAGEs) formation with multiphoton microscopy in different porcine tissues (aorta, cornea, kidney, dermis, and tendon). These tissues were treated with D-glucose, D-galactose, and D-fructose, three primary monosaccharides found in human diets. We found that the use of D-fructose resulted in the highest glycation rate, followed by D-galactose and then D-glucose. Moreover, compared to non-collagen tissue constituents such as elastic fibers and cells, the rate of tissue glycation was consistently higher in collagen, suggesting that collagen is a more sensitive target for fAGE formation. However, we also found that collagen in different tissues exhibits different rates of fAGE formation, with slower rates observed in tightly packed tissues such as cornea and tendon. Our study suggests that for fAGE to be developed into a long-term glycemic biomarker, loosely organized collagen tissues located in the proximity of vasculature may be the best targets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mondal, S. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, J.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>So, P. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.04.522782</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiphoton imaging of glucose, galactose, and fructose-induced formation of fluorescent advanced glycation end products in tissues]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.10.523456v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Arabidopsis TRB proteins function in H3K4me3 demethylation by recruiting JMJ14 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.10.523456v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Arabidopsis telomeric repeat binding factors (TRBs) can bind telomeric DNA sequences to protect telomeres from degradation. TRBs can also recruit Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) to deposit tri-methylation of H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) over certain target loci. Here, we demonstrate that TRBs also associate and colocalize with JUMONJI14 (JMJ14) and trigger H3K4me3 demethylation at some loci. The trb1/2/3 triple mutant and the jmj14-1 mutant show an increased level of H3K4me3 over TRB and JMJ14 binding sites, resulting in up-regulation of their target genes. Furthermore, tethering TRBs to the promoter region of genes with an artificial zinc finger (TRB-ZF) successfully triggers target gene silencing, as well as H3K27me3 deposition, and H3K4me3 removal. Interestingly, JMJ14 is predominantly recruited to ZF off-target sites with low levels of H3K4me3, which is accompanied with TRB-ZFs triggered H3K4me3 removal at these loci. These results suggest that TRB proteins coordinate PRC2 and JMJ14 activities to repress target genes via H3K27me3 deposition and H3K4me3 removal.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallego-Bartolome, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shih, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richey, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jami-Alahmadi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wohlschlegel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacobsen, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.10.523456</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Arabidopsis TRB proteins function in H3K4me3 demethylation by recruiting JMJ14]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.13.523878v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enhancing glymphatic function with very low-intensity ultrasound via the transient receptor potential vanilloid-4-aquaporin-4 pathway 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.13.523878v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recently, the glymphatic system has been proposed as a mechanism for waste clearance from the brain parenchyma. Glymphatic dysfunction has been associated with several neurological diseases such as Alzheimers disease, traumatic brain injury, and stroke. Therefore, it may be an important target for therapeutic interventions. In this study, we demonstrated that very low intensity ultrasound (VLIUS) (center frequency = 1 MHz; pulse repetition frequency = 1 kHz; duty factor = 1%, and spatial peak temporal average intensity [Ispta] = 3.68 mW/cm2; duration = 5 min) could significantly enhance the influx of cerebrospinal fluid tracers into the perivascular spaces of the brain and also facilitate interstitial substance clearance from the brain parenchyma. Notably, no evidence of brain damage was observed after VLIUS stimulation. We also demonstrated that VLIUS enhanced the glymphatic influx via the transient receptor potential vanilloid-4-aquaporin-4 pathway in the astrocytes. This mechanism may provide insights into VLIUS-regulated glymphatic function that modifies the natural course of central nervous system disorders related to waste clearance dysfunction.

One Sentence SummaryVery low-intensity ultrasound enhances glymphatic influx via the TRPV4-AQP4 pathway in the astrocytes, without observable brain damage.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liao, W.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsiao, M.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kung, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.13.523878</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enhancing glymphatic function with very low-intensity ultrasound via the transient receptor potential vanilloid-4-aquaporin-4 pathway]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.20.524893v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Whole transcriptome profiling of placental pathobiology in SARS-CoV-2 pregnancies identifies a preeclampsia-like gene signature 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.20.524893v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectivesSevere Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus infection in pregnancy is associated with higher incidence of placental dysfunction, referred to by a few studies as a "preeclampsia-like syndrome". However, the mechanisms underpinning SARS-CoV-2-induced placental malfunction are still unclear. Here, we investigated whether the transcriptional architecture of the placenta is altered in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

MethodsWe utilized whole-transcriptome, digital spatial profiling, to examine gene expression patterns in placental tissues from participants who contracted SARS-CoV-2 in the third trimester of their pregnancy (n=7) and those collected prior to the start of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic (n=9).

ResultsThrough comprehensive spatial transcriptomic analyses of the trophoblast and villous core stromal cell subpopulations in the placenta, we identified signatures associated with hypoxia and placental dysfunction during SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy. Notably, genes associated with vasodilation (NOS3), oxidative stress (GDF15, CRH), and preeclampsia (FLT1, EGFR, KISS1, PAPPA2), were enriched with SARS-CoV-2. Pathways related to increased nutrient uptake, vascular tension, hypertension, and inflammation, were also enriched in SARS-CoV-2 samples compared to uninfected controls.

ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate the utility of spatially resolved transcriptomic analysis in defining the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 in pregnancy, particularly its role in placental dysfunction. Furthermore, this study highlights the significance of digital spatial profiling in mapping the intricate crosstalk between trophoblasts and villous core stromal cells, thus shedding light on pathways associated with placental dysfunction in pregnancies with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Graphical abstractIn this study, using spatial digital profiling transcriptomic approaches, we demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy disrupts optimal placental function by altering the genomic architecture of trophoblasts and villous core stromal cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stylianou, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sebina, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matigian, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deohler, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monkman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rohl, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allenby, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nam, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rockstroh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sadeghirad, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sobanski, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Byrne, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rebutini, P. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Machado-Souza, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stonoga, E. T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warkiani, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salomon, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Short, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McClements, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Noronha, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, R. Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belz, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guimaraes, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clifton, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kulasinghe, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.20.524893</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Whole transcriptome profiling of placental pathobiology in SARS-CoV-2 pregnancies identifies a preeclampsia-like gene signature]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.10.527437v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Antagonistic pleiotropy plays an important role in governing the evolution and genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.10.527437v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Analyses of the genomic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 found that some sites across the genome appear to have mutated independently multiple times with frequency significantly higher than four-fold sites, which can be either due to mutational bias, i.e., elevated mutation rate in some sites of the genome, or selection of the variants due to antagonistic pleiotropy, a condition where mutations increase some components of fitness at a cost to others. To examine how different forces shaped evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in 2020-2021, we analyzed a large set of genome sequences (~ 2 million). Here we show that while evolution of SARS-CoV-2 during the pandemic was largely mutation-driven, a group of nonsynonymous changes is probably maintained by antagonistic pleiotropy. To test this hypothesis, we studied the function of one such mutation, spike M1237I. Spike I1237 increases viral assembly and secretion, but decreases efficiency of transmission in vitro. Therefore, while the frequency of spike M1237I may increase within hosts, viruses carrying this mutation would be outcompeted at the population level. We also discuss how the antagonistic pleiotropy might facilitate positive epistasis to promote virus adaptation and reconcile discordant estimates of SARS-CoV-2 transmission bottleneck sizes in previous studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, D.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tai, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, H.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, T.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Y.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chou, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, P.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.10.527437</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Antagonistic pleiotropy plays an important role in governing the evolution and genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.16.528888v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolution of horn length and lifting strength in the Japanese rhinoceros beetle Trypoxylus dichotomus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.16.528888v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rhinoceros beetle (Trypoxylus dichotomus) males have pitchfork-shaped head horns, which they use to pry rival males from the trunks of trees. In the largest males these horns can be three times the length of horns in the two closest sister species. Because this weapon functions as a lever, longer horns should lift with less force than shorter horns (the  paradox of the weakening combatant) unless other elements of the weapon system (e.g., input lever length, muscle mass) evolve to compensate. We used next-generation sequencing approaches to consolidate 23 sample locations into 8 genetically distinguishable populations, reconstructing their historical relationships and providing a comprehensive picture of the evolution of this horn lever system. We show that head horns likely increased in length independently in the Northern and Southern lineages. In both instances this resulted in weaker lifting forces, but this mechanical disadvantage was later ameliorated, to some extent and in some locations, by subsequent reductions to horn length, changes in muscle size, or by an increase in input lever length (head height). Our results reveal an exciting geographic mosaic of differences in weapon size, weapon force, and in the extent and nature of mechanical compensation. Reconstructing the evolution of this weapon system offers critical insights towards meaningfully linking mating system dynamics, selection patterns, and diversity in sexually selected traits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Weber, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kojima, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boisseau, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niimi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morita, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shigenobu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gotoh, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Araya, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas-Bulle, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavine, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swanson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emlen, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.16.528888</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolution of horn length and lifting strength in the Japanese rhinoceros beetle Trypoxylus dichotomus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.23.529696v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Suspension Trapping-Based Sample Preparation Workflow for Sensitive Plant Phosphoproteomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.23.529696v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plant phosphoproteomics provides a global view of phosphorylation-mediated signaling in plants; however, it demands high-throughput methods with sensitive detection and accurate quantification. Although protein precipitation is indispensable for removing contaminants and improving sample purity, it limits the sensitivity and throughput of plant phosphoproteomic analysis. The multiple handling steps involved in protein precipitation lead to sample loss and process variability. Herein, we developed an approach based on suspension trapping (S-Trap), termed tandem S-Trap-IMAC (immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography), by integrating an S-Trap micro column with an Fe-IMAC tip. Compared with a precipitation-based workflow, the tandem S-Trap-IMAC method deepened the coverage of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) phosphoproteome by more than 30%, with improved quantification accuracy and short sample processing time. We applied the tandem S-Trap-IMAC method for studying abscisic acid (ABA) signaling in Arabidopsis seedlings. We thus identified 24,055 phosphopeptides and quantified several key phosphorylation sites on core ABA signaling components across four time points. Our results show that the optimized workflow aids high-throughput phosphoproteome profiling of low-input plant samples.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, C.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, M.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.23.529696</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Suspension Trapping-Based Sample Preparation Workflow for Sensitive Plant Phosphoproteomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.27.529760v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell analysis of CX3CR1+ cells reveal a pathogenic role for BIRC5+ myeloid proliferating cells driven by Staphylococcus aureus leukotoxins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.27.529760v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Our previous studies identified a population of stem cell-like proliferating myeloid cells within inflamed tissues that could serve as a reservoir for tissue macrophages to adopt different activation states depending on the microenvironment. By lineage tracing cells derived from CX3CR1+ precursors in mice during infection and profiling by scRNA-seq, here we identify a cluster of BIRC5+ myeloid cells that expanded in the liver during either chronic infection with the parasite Schistosoma mansoni or the bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. In the absence of tissue damaging toxins, S. aureus infection does not elicit these BIRC5+ cells. Moreover, deletion of BIRC5 from CX3CR1 expressing cells results in improved survival during S. aureus infection. Hence, the combination of scRNA-Seq and genetic fate mapping CX3CR1+ cells revealed a toxin dependent pathogenic role for BIRC5 in myeloid cells during S. aureus infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Loredan, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devlin, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lacey, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howard, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zwack, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruggles, K. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khanna, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torres, V. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loke, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.27.529760</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell analysis of CX3CR1+ cells reveal a pathogenic role for BIRC5+ myeloid proliferating cells driven by Staphylococcus aureus leukotoxins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.09.531948v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Impaired potency of neutralizing antibodies against cell-cell fusion mediated by SARS-CoV-2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.09.531948v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants have dominated the pandemic due to their high transmissibility and immune evasion conferred by the spike mutations. The Omicron subvariants can spread by cell-free virus infection and cell-cell fusion, the latter of which is more effective but has not been extensively investigated. In this study, we developed a simple and high-throughput assay that provides a rapid readout to quantify cell-cell fusion mediated by the SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins without using live or pseudotyped virus. This assay can be used to identify variants of concern and to screen for prophylactic and therapeutic agents. We further evaluated a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and vaccinee sera against D614G and Omicron subvariants, finding that cell-cell fusion is substantially more resistant to mAb and serum inhibition than cell-free virus infection. Such results have important implications for the development of vaccines and antiviral antibody drugs against cell-cell fusion induced by SARS-CoV-2 spikes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.09.531948</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Impaired potency of neutralizing antibodies against cell-cell fusion mediated by SARS-CoV-2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.14.532648v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gut microbial community in proboscis monkeys: implications for effects of geographical and social factors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.14.532648v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent technological advances have enabled comprehensive analyses of the previously uncharacterized microbial community in the gastrointestinal tracts of numerous animal species; however, the gut microbiota of several species, such as the endangered proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) examined in this study, remains poorly understood. Our study sought to establish the first comprehensive data on the gut microbiota of free-ranging foregut-fermenting proboscis monkeys and to determine how their microbiota are affected locally by environmental factor, i.e. geographical distance, and social factor, i.e. number of adult females within harem groups and number of adults and subadults within non-harem groups, in a riparian forest in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing of 264 faecal samples collected from free-ranging proboscis monkeys, we demonstrated the trend that their microbial community composition is not particularly distinctive compared to other foregut and hindgut fermenting primates. The microbial alpha diversity was higher in larger groups and individuals inhabiting diverse vegetation (i.e. presumed to have a diverse diet). For microbial beta diversity, some measures were significant, showing higher values with larger geographical distances between samples. These results suggest that social factors such as increased interindividual interactions, which can occur with larger groups, as well as physical distances between individuals or differences in dietary patterns, may affect the gut microbial communities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jose, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanya, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuuga, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goossens, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tangah, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matsuda, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subbiah, V. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.14.532648</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gut microbial community in proboscis monkeys: implications for effects of geographical and social factors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.23.533955v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Video-rate three-photon imaging in deep Drosophila brain based on a single Cr:forsterite oscillator 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.23.533955v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We have demonstrated 30-Hz three-photon imaging using a single 24-MHz mode-locked Cr:forsterite oscillator with a center wavelength at 1260 nm. By managing the dispersion distribution in the resonator using double-chirped mirrors, we have produced 32-fs pulses with 22-nJ pulse energy. Using the oscillator as a driving source, we have realized multi-color three-photon images using a GFP-labeled Drosophila brain and an AF647-labeled mouse brain. To demonstrate the capability of deep-tissue imaging, we have obtained a 10-times higher SBR from the three-photon images than the two-photon results at different depths in a GFP-labeled Drosophila brain dissection. Furthermore, we have shown the impact of excitation pulse width on three-photon deep-tissue imaging. Our results indicate the superiority of using shorter pulses for deeper-tissue imaging, especially in the Drosophila brain. In addition, we have recorded the three-photon calcium imaging in vivo from the Drosophila mushroom body in response to external electric shocks. We believe our demonstration provides a robust approach for high-speed three-photon microscopy applications, especially for intravital investigations in the Drosophila brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chou, L.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hung, H.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jang, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, T.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, W.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, L.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, C.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kartner, F. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivanov, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, S.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chia, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.23.533955</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Video-rate three-photon imaging in deep Drosophila brain based on a single Cr:forsterite oscillator]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.01.535237v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Self-Healable Spider Dragline Silk Materials 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.01.535237v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Developing materials with structural flexibility that permits self-repair in response to external disturbances remains challenging. Spider silk, which combines an exceptional blend of strength and pliability in nature, serves as an ideal dynamic model for adaptive performance design. In this work, a novel self-healing material is generated using spider silk. Dragline silk from spider Nephila pilipes is demonstrated with extraordinary in situ self-repair property through a constructed thin film format, surpassing that of two other silks from spider Cyrtophora moluccensis and silkworm Bombyx mori. Subsequently, R2, a key spidroin associated with self-healing, is biosynthesized, with validated cohesiveness. R2 is further programmed with tunable healability (permanent and reversible) and conductivity (graphene doping; R2G) for electronics applications. In the first demonstration, film strips from R2 and R2G are woven manually into multidimensional (1D-3D) conductive fabrics for creating repairable logic gate circuits. In the second example, a reversibly-healable R2/R2G strip is fabricated as a re-configurable wearable ring probe to fit fingertips of varying widths while retaining its detecting capabilities. Such prototype displays a unique conformable wearable technology. Last, the remarkable finding of self-healing in spider silk could offer a new material paradigm for developing future adaptive biomaterials with tailored performance and environmental sustainability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, R.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, S.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kao, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheu, H.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S. C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, T.-I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.01.535237</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Self-Healable Spider Dragline Silk Materials]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.12.536584v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PGSbuilder: An end-to-end platform for human genome association analysis and polygenic risk score predictions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.12.536584v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding the genetic basis of human complex diseases is increasingly important in the development of precision medicine. Over the last decade, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have become a key technique for detecting associations between common diseases and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) present in a cohort of individuals. Alternatively, the polygenic risk score (PRS), which often applies results from GWAS summary statistics, is calculated for the estimation of genetic propensity to a trait at the individual level. Despite many GWAS and PRS tools being available to analyze a large volume of genotype data, most clinicians and medical researchers are often not familiar with the bioinformatics tools and lack access to a high-performance computing cluster resource. To fill this gap, we provide a publicly available web server, PGSbuilder, for the GWAS and PRS analysis of human genomes with variant annotations. The user-friendly and intuitive PGSbuilder web server is developed to facilitate the discovery of the genetic variants associated with complex traits and diseases for medical professionals with limited computational skills. For GWAS analysis, PGSbuilder provides the most renowned analysis tool PLINK 2.0 package. For PRS, PGSbuilder provides six different PRS methods including Clumping and Thresholding, Lassosum, LDPred2, GenEpi, PRS-CS, and PRSice2. Furthermore, PGSbuilder provides an intuitive user interface to examine the annotated functional effects of variants from known biomedical databases and relevant literature using advanced natural language processing approaches. In conclusion, PGSbuilder offers a reliable platform to aid researchers in advancing the public perception of genomic risk and precision medicine for human disease genetics. PGSbuilder is freely accessible at http://pgsb.tw23.org.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, K.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, T.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fann, G.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, W.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, T.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, P.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, P.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juan, H.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, H.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.12.536584</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PGSbuilder: An end-to-end platform for human genome association analysis and polygenic risk score predictions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.17.537164v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-throughput Automated Muropeptide Analysis (HAMA) Reveals Peptidoglycan Composition of Gut Microbial Cell Walls 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.17.537164v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Peptidoglycan (PGN), a net-like polymer constituted by muropeptides, provides protection for microorganisms and has been one of the major targets for antibiotics for decades. Researchers have explored host-microbiome interactions through PGN recognition systems and discovered key muropeptides modulating host responses. However, most common characterization techniques for muropeptides are labor-intensive and require manual analysis of mass spectra due to the complex cross-linked PGN structures. Each species has unique moiety modifications and inter-/intra-bridges, which further complicates the structural analysis of PGN. Here, we developed a high-throughput automated muropeptide analysis (HAMA) platform leveraging tandem mass spectrometry and in silico muropeptide MS/MS fragmentation matching to comprehensively identify muropeptide structures, quantify their abundance, and infer PGN cross-linking types. We demonstrated the effectiveness of the HAMA platform using well-characterized PGNs from E. coli and S. aureus and further applied it to common gut bacteria including species of Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and Akkermansia. We thoroughly explored their PGN structures accurately identified muropeptide mono-/multi-mers, and even unambiguously discriminated the structural isomers via the HAMA platform. Furthermore, we found that the cell stiffness may be correlated to the compactness of the PGN structures through the length of interpeptide bridges or the site of transpeptidation within Bifidobacterium species. In summary, the HAMA framework exhibits an automated, intuitive, and accurate analysis of PGN compositions, which may serve as a potential tool to investigate the post-synthetic modifications of saccharides, the variation in interpeptide bridges, and the types of cross-linking within bacterial PGNs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hsu, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, P.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, L.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, K.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-h.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.17.537164</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-throughput Automated Muropeptide Analysis (HAMA) Reveals Peptidoglycan Composition of Gut Microbial Cell Walls]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.04.539338v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Can motional dynamics account for the cytotoxicity of beta amyloid oligomers? 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.04.539338v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The underlying biophysical principle governing the cytotoxicity of the oligomeric aggregates of {beta}-amyloid (A{beta}) peptides has long been an enigma. Here we show that the size of A{beta}40 oligomers can be actively controlled by incubating the peptides in reverse micelles. Our approach allowed for the first time a detailed comparison of the structures and dynamics of two A{beta}40 oligomers of different size, viz., 10 and 23 nm, by solid-state NMR. From the chemical shift data, we infer that the conformation of the residues from K16 to K28 are different between the 10-nm and 23-nm oligomers. We find that the 10-nm oligomers are more cytotoxic, and the molecular motions of their charged residues are more dynamic. Interestingly, the residue A21 exhibits an unusually high structural rigidity. Our data raise the interesting possibility that the cytotoxicity of A{beta}40 oligomers could also be correlated to the motional dynamics of the charged residues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yeh, C.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, H.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, W.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, M.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, L.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, C. C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.04.539338</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Can motional dynamics account for the cytotoxicity of beta amyloid oligomers?]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.04.539501v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of Pain-Associated Effusion-Synovitis from Knee Magnetic Resonance Imaging by Deep Generative Networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.04.539501v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectivesTo identify the source and location of osteoarthritis-induced pain symptoms, we used deep learning techniques to identify imaging abnormalities associated with pain from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of knees with symptoms of symptoms of osteoarthritis pain.

MethodsPain-associated areas were detected from the difference between the MRI images of symptomatic knees and their respective counterfactual asymptomatic images generated by a Generative adversarial network. A total of 2,225 pairs of 3D MRI images were extracted from patients with unilateral pain symptoms in the baseline and follow-up cohorts of the Osteoarthritis Initiative. Subsequently, pain-associated effusion-synovitis were characterized into subregions (patellar, central, and posterior) using an anatomical segmentation model.

ResultsWe found that the volumes of pain-associated effusion-synovitis were more sensitive and reliable indicators of pain symptoms than the overall volumes in the central and posterior subregions (odds ratio [OR]:3.23 versus 1.77 in the central region, and 3.18 versus 2.66 in the posterior region for severe effusion-synovitis). For mild effusion-synovitis, only pain-associated volume was found to be associated with pain symptoms, but not with overall volume. Patients with significant pain-associated effusion-synovitis in the patellar subregion had the highest increased odds of pain symptoms (OR=4.86).

ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to utilize deep-learning-based models for the detection and characterization of pain-associated imaging abnormalities. The developed algorithm can help identifying the source and location of pain symptoms and in designing targeted and individualized treatment regimens.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lian, P.-h.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuang, T.-I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yen, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.04.539501</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of Pain-Associated Effusion-Synovitis from Knee Magnetic Resonance Imaging by Deep Generative Networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.15.540728v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The ecological characteristics of the safe sites for early-stage establishment of Chamaecyparis obtusa var. formosana seedlings in Taiwan 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.15.540728v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chamaecyparis obtusa var. formosana is an ecologically and economically important species in Taiwan, with a high affinity for fog immersion. Our study aims to identify possible stress factors that induced seedling mortality and investigate how different ecological factors influence early-stage safe site requirements of the seedlings. We focused on the effect of large-scale climatic variables, small-scale microhabitat conditions, and biotic interactions on seedling survival and establishment by applying seasonal seedling survival monitoring and establishment survey on both regional and local scale. We identified two alternative ways of seedling death, by environmental-induced mortality and by herbivory. Opposite effects of the same environmental factors on different causes of mortality showed that seedlings might need to balance the risks posed by both causes to optimize their growing conditions. On a regional scale, we observed limited effect of regional climatic variables (namely fog frequency) on seedlings establishment and survival but noted a similar seasonal survival pattern among regions. We hypothesize that short-duration droughts during the transition from Plum rain to typhoon season is one of the key mechanisms of environmental-induced mortality. On a local scale, we found that decayed coarse wood debris (CWD) facilitates seedling establishment by providing a "safe site", likely due to increased colonization of small-stature bryophytes and decreased litterfall accumulation. The effect of bryophytes on seedling establishment varies depending on their thickness, with thicker ones having stronger negative effects. Aside from the bryophytes, the accumulation of litter significantly hindered seedling establishment. We argue that to safeguard the regeneration of Chamaecyparis obtusa var. formosana population, preserving CWD in the forest floor as a safe site for the seedlings after tree-replacing disturbance in natural forests is essential, particularly under ongoing climate change where more frequent and prolonged drought events are predicted.

HighlightsO_LIOn a local scale, decayed coarse wood debris (CWD) provides "safe site" for the establishment of Chamaecypairs obtusa var. formosana seedlings.
C_LIO_LIRegional climatic variables had limited effects on seedlings, but all regions had similar seasonal patterns of seedling mortatlity.
C_LIO_LIFacilitation effect of small-stature bryophytes and litterfall avoidance might be the underlying mechanisms behind CWD safe sites.
C_LIO_LIPreserving CWD for seedlings is important in the context of predicted prolong drought events under ongoing climate change.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wei, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tseng, Y.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeleny, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.15.540728</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The ecological characteristics of the safe sites for early-stage establishment of Chamaecyparis obtusa var. formosana seedlings in Taiwan]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.16.541011v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interpretable modeling of time-resolved single-cell gene-protein expression using CrossmodalNet 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.16.541011v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell-surface proteins play a critical role in cell function and are primary targets for therapeutics. CITE-seq is a single-cell technique that enables simultaneous measurement of gene and surface protein expression. It is powerful but costly and technically challenging. Computational methods have been developed to predict surface protein expression using gene expression information such as from single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. Existing methods however are computationally demanding and lack the interpretability to reveal underlying biological processes. We propose CrossmodalNet, an interpretable machine learning model, to predict surface protein expression from scRNA-seq data. Our model with a customized adaptive loss accurately predicts surface protein abundances. When samples from multiple time points are given, our model encodes temporal information into an easy-to-interpret time embedding to make prediction in a time point-specific manner able to uncover noise-free causal gene-protein relationships. Using two publicly available time-resolved CITE-seq data sets, we validate the performance of our model by comparing it to benchmarking methods and evaluate its interpretability. Together, we show our method accurately and interpretably profiles surface protein expression using scRNA-seq data, thereby expanding the capacity of CITE-seq experiments for investigating molecular mechanisms involving surface proteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.16.541011</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interpretable modeling of time-resolved single-cell gene-protein expression using CrossmodalNet]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.12.548702v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Validation of human telomere length trans-ancestry meta-analysis association signals identifies POP5 and KBTBD6 as novel human telomere length regulation genes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.12.548702v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Telomere length genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have become well-powered to detect novel genes in telomere length regulation. However, no prior work has validated these putative novel genes to confirm the contribution of GWAS loci to telomere length regulation. We conducted a trans-ancestry meta-analysis of 211,369 individuals. Through enrichment analyses of chromatin state and cell-type heritability we identified blood and immune cells as the most relevant cell type to examine telomere length association signals. We validated specific GWAS associations by overexpressing KBTBD6, a component of an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, and POP5, a component of the Ribonuclease P/MRP complex, and demonstrating that both lengthened telomeres as predicted by our statistical analyses. CRISPR/Cas9 deletion of the predicted causal regions of these association peaks in K562 immortalized blood cells reduced expression of these genes, demonstrating that these loci are related to transcriptional regulation of KBTBD6 and POP5, respectively. Together our results demonstrate the utility of telomere length GWAS in the identification of novel telomere length regulation mechanisms and highlight the importance of the proteasome-ubiquitin pathway in telomere length regulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Keener, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chhetri, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Connelly, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taub, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conomos, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weinstock, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ni, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strober, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aslibekyan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Auer, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barwick, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becker, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blangero, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bleecker, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brody, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cade, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Celedon, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cupples, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Custer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freedman, B. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gladwin, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heckbert, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irvin, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isasi, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnsen, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kenny, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kooperberg, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minster, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nekhai, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pankratz, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peyser, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rotter, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Telen, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yanek, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, I. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albert, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnett, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashley-Koch, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.12.548702</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Validation of human telomere length trans-ancestry meta-analysis association signals identifies POP5 and KBTBD6 as novel human telomere length regulation genes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.20.549842v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Novel Genome Optimization Tool for Chromosome-Level Assembly across Diverse Sequencing Techniques 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.20.549842v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This paper introduces a novel genome assembly optimization tool named LOCLA, which stands for "Local Optimization for Chromosome-Level Assembly". It identifies reads and contigs aligned locally with high quality on gap flanks or scaffold boundaries of draft assemblies for gap filling and scaffold connection. LOCLA applies to both de novo and reference-based assemblies. It can also utilize reads produced by diverse sequencing techniques, e.g., 10x Genomics (10xG) Linked-Reads, and PacBio HiFi reads.

We validated LOCLA on three human samples and one non-model organism. For the first two human samples, LLD0021C and CHM13, we generated de novo draft assemblies from 10xG Linked-Reads. On LLD0021C, LOCLA improves the draft assembly by adding 23.3 million bases using only 10xG Linked-Reads. These additional bases cover 28,746 protein-coding regions, particularly in pericentromeric and telomeric regions. On the CHM13 sample, we took 10xG Linked-Reads and PacBio HiFi reads as input. As a result, LOCLA added 46.2 million bases to the draft assembly. The increased content enables us to identify genes linked to complex diseases (e.g., ARHGAP11A) and critical biological pathways. We created two reference-guided draft assemblies on the third human sample, HG002, using contigs assembled from PacBio HiFi reads. LOCLA enhances the two draft assemblies by recovering 27.9 million bases (22.26%) and 35.7 million bases (30.93%) of the sequences discarded by the reference-guided assembly tool. The results indicate the robustness of LOCLAs contig detection algorithm on gap flanks. Furthermore, we show that 95% of the sequences filled in by LOCLA have over 80% accuracy compared with the HG002 reference genome published by the Human Pan-genome Reference Consortium. On the non-model organism, LOCLA enhanced the genome assembly of Bruguiera sexangula (JAHLGP000000000) by decreasing 41.4% of its gaps and raising the Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) analysis score to 98.10%.

LOCLA can optimize de novo and reference-guided assemblies using varied sequencing reads. The final assemblies produced by LOCLA have improved in both quantity and quality. The increased gene content may provide a valuable resource in advancing personalized medicine.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chuang, W. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, P.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwok, P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.20.549842</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Novel Genome Optimization Tool for Chromosome-Level Assembly across Diverse Sequencing Techniques]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.23.549940v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Matrix stiffness modulates 3D spheroid sorting and burst-like collective migration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.23.549940v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While it is known that cells with differential adhesion tend to segregate and preferentially sort, the physical forces governing sorting and invasion in heterogeneous tumors remain poorly understood. To investigate this, we tune matrix confinement, mimicking changes in the stiffness and confinement of the tumor microenvironment, to explore how physical confinement influences individual and collective cell migration in 3D spheroids. High levels of confinement lead to cell sorting while reducing matrix confinement triggers the collective fluidization of cell motion. Cell sorting, which depends on cell-cell adhesion, is crucial to this phenomenon. Burst-like migration does not occur for spheroids that have not undergone sorting, regardless of the degree of matrix confinement. Using computational Self-Propelled Voronoi modeling, we show that spheroid sorting and invasion into the matrix depend on the balance between cell-generated forces and matrix resistance. The findings support a model where matrix confinement modulates 3D spheroid sorting and unjamming in an adhesion-dependent manner, providing insights into the mechanisms of cell sorting and migration in the primary tumor and toward distant metastatic sites.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cai, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, S.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koning, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.23.549940</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Matrix stiffness modulates 3D spheroid sorting and burst-like collective migration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.27.550775v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial profiling of ovarian clear cell carcinoma reveals immune-hot features 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.27.550775v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IntroductionOCCC has high incidence in Asia with frequent occurrence at early stage but without sufficient data on molecular stratification for high-risk patients. Recently, immune-hot features have been proposed as an indicator for poor prognosis for early-stage OCCC. Specific patterns of intra-tumoral heterogeneity (ITH) associated with immune-hot features need to be defined.

MethodsFormalin-fixed paraffine embedded (FFPE) tumor sections from 10 early-stage OCCC patients were included. Digital Spatial Profiling (DSP) of 18 protein targets was conducted by using the nanoString GeoMx system to profile selected regions of interest (ROIs) based on the reference H&E staining morphology. Areas of illumination (AOIs) were defined according to ROI segmentation by the fluorescence signals of visualization markers pan-cytokeratin (PanCK), CD45, or DNA.

ResultsUnsupervised hierarchical clustering of 252 AOIs from 229 ROIs showed that PanCK segments expressed different combinations of immune markers suggestive of immune mimicry features. Three immune-hot clusters were identified: granzyme B high (C1-a), immune signal high (C1-b) and immune-like cells (C1-c); two immune-cold clusters were identified: fibronectin-high (C2-a) and signal-cold (C2-b). Immune cells around C1-b and C1-c PanCK+ AOIs were tumor infiltrating immune cells (TIIs) with higher expression of CD68, while those around C1-a, C2-a and C2-b PanCK+ AOIs were non-TIIs with higher expression of SMA. C1-c and C2-a PanCK+ AOIs were associated with OCCC recurrence. TIIs had higher frequencies in C1-b and C1-c PanCK+ AOIs and were associated with OCCC recurrence. Correlating with morphology, tumor samples with recurrence showed higher frequency of papillary pattern. Plus, ROIs with papillary pattern had extremely high frequency of PanCK segments of C1-c feature, higher frequency of TIIs, and macrophage lineage immune mimicry with high intensity of CD68.

ConclusionsSpatial profiling of early-stage OCCC tumors revealed that immune mimicry of tumor cells, the presence of TIIs, and papillary pattern in morphology were associated with recurrence.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tai, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, W.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D. Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, T. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, L.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, R. Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.27.550775</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial profiling of ovarian clear cell carcinoma reveals immune-hot features]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.29.551128v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ISRSA uncovers the impact of state anxiety on multivariate activation patterns in the human extrastriate cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.29.551128v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The current study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and showed that state anxiety modulated extrastriate cortex activity in response to emotionally-charged visual images. State anxiety and neuroimaging data from 53 individuals were subjected to an intersubject representational similarity analysis (ISRSA), wherein the geometries between neural and behavioral data were compared. This analysis identified the extrastriate cortex (fusiform gyrus and area MT) to be the sole regions whose activity patterns covaried with state anxiety. Importantly, we show that this brain-behavior association is revealed when treating state anxiety data as a multidimensional response pattern, rather than a single composite score. This suggests that ISRSA using multivariate distances may be more sensitive in identifying the shared geometries between self-report questionnaires and brain imaging data. Overall, our findings demonstrate that a transient state of anxiety may influence how visual information - especially those relevant to the valence dimension - is processed in the extrastriate cortex.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hsiao, P.-Y. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chou, F.-C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, P.-H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.29.551128</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ISRSA uncovers the impact of state anxiety on multivariate activation patterns in the human extrastriate cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.31.551174v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interdependence of a kinase and its cognate substrate plasma membrane nanoscale dynamics underlies Arabidopsis response to viral infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.31.551174v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plant viruses represent a risk to agricultural production and as only a few treatments exist, it is urgent to identify resistance mechanisms and factors. In plant immunity, plasma membrane (PM)-localized proteins play an essential role in sensing the extracellular threat presented by bacteria, fungi or herbivores. Viruses are intracellular pathogens and as such the role of the plant PM in detection and resistance against viruses is often overlooked. We investigated the role of the partially PM-bound Calcium-dependent protein kinase 3 (CPK3) in viral infection and we discovered that it displayed a specific ability to hamper viral propagation over CPK isoforms that are involved in immune response to extracellular pathogens. More and more evidence support that the lateral organization of PM proteins and lipids underlies signal transduction in plants. We showed here that CPK3 diffusion in the PM is reduced upon activation as well as upon viral infection and that such immobilization depended on its substrate, Remorin (REM1.2), a scaffold protein. Furthermore, we discovered that the viral infection induced a CPK3-dependent increase of REM1.2 PM diffusion. Such interdependence was also observable regarding viral propagation. This study unveils a complex relationship between a kinase and its substrate that contrasts with the commonly described co-stabilisation upon activation while it proposes a PM-based mechanism involved in decreased sensitivity to viral infection in plants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>JOLIVET, M.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deroubaix, A.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boudsocq, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abel, N. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rocher, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robbe, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wattelet, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huard, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lefebvre, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Day, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saias, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmed, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cotelle, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giovinazzo, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallois, J.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamaji, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>German-Retana, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gronnier, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ott, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MONGRAND, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Germain, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.31.551174</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interdependence of a kinase and its cognate substrate plasma membrane nanoscale dynamics underlies Arabidopsis response to viral infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.23.554426v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Plasmodium falciparum Raf kinase inhibitor is a lipid binding protein that interacts with CDPK1 and regulates its activity in asexual blood stage. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.23.554426v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Raf Kinase Inhibitor Protein (RKIP) is an important regulator of MAPK signaling pathway in multicellular eukaryotes. Plasmodium falciparum RKIP (PfRKIP) is a putative phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein (PEBP) that shares limited similarity with Homo sapiens RKIP (HsRKIP). Interestingly, critical components of MAPK pathway are not expressed in malaria parasite and the physiological function of PfRKIP remains unknown. PfRKIP is expressed throughout the asexual schizogony with maximum expression in late schizonts. Interestingly, PfRKIP and HsRKIP show pH dependent differential interaction profiles with various lipids. At physiological pH, PfRKIP show interaction with PE and lipids containing phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol group; however, HsRKIP show no interaction under the same conditions. Mutation of conserved residues in the PEBP domain of PfRKIP decreases its interaction with PI(3)P. Furthermore, our results suggest that PfRKIP leads to increase in the autophosphorylation of PfCDPK1 that leads to transphosphorylation of substrates by PfCDPK1. Using various in vitro and in vivo experiments we have demonstrated the interaction of PfRKIP with PfCDPK1 and have also identified key residues in PfRKIP that play important role in this interaction. Interestingly, locostatin, a specific inhibitor of mammalian RKIP increased the interaction of PfRKIP with PfCDPK1 that perhaps leads to the sequestration of PfCDPK1 in a heterodimeric complex. Importantly, treatment of malaria parasite with locostatin shows dose dependent inhibition of parasite growth. This study suggests that specific inhibitors that modify PfRKIP leading to increase in its interaction with PfCDPK1 may be designed and explored as novel anti-malarial compounds to inhibit malaria parasite growth.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sharma, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishnan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Negi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rani, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Revikumar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munde, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bansal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.23.554426</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Plasmodium falciparum Raf kinase inhibitor is a lipid binding protein that interacts with CDPK1 and regulates its activity in asexual blood stage.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.28.554882v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Characterizing Subcortical Structural Heterogeneity in Autism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.28.554882v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Autism presents with significant phenotypic and neuroanatomical heterogeneity, and neuroimaging studies of the thalamus, globus pallidus and striatum in autism have produced inconsistent and contradictory results. These structures are critical mediators of functions known to be atypical in autism, including sensory gating and motor function. We examined both volumetric and fine-grained localized shape differences in autism using a large (n=3145, 1045-1318 after strict quality control), cross-sectional dataset of T1-weighted structural MRI scans from 32 sites, including both males and females (assigned-at-birth). We investigated three potentially important sources of neuroanatomical heterogeneity: sex, age, and intelligence quotient (IQ), using a meta-analytic technique after strict quality control to minimize non-biological sources of variation. We observed no volumetric differences in the thalamus, globus pallidus, or striatum in autism. Rather, we identified a variety of localized shape differences in all three structures. Including age, but not sex or IQ, in the statistical model improved the fit for both the pallidum and striatum, but not for the thalamus. Age-centered shape analysis indicated a variety of age-dependent regional differences. Overall, our findings help confirm that the neurodevelopment of the striatum, globus pallidus and thalamus are atypical in autism, in a subtle location-dependent manner that is not reflected in overall structure volumes, and that is highly non-uniform across the lifespan.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>MacDonald, D. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bedford, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olafson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, M. T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devenyi, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tullo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anagnostou, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baron-Cohen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bullmore, E. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chura, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Craig, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ecker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Floris, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holt, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lenroot, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lerch, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lombardo, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, D. G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raznahan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruigrok, A. N. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shinohara, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spencer, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suckling, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thurm, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MRC AIMS Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakravarty, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.28.554882</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Characterizing Subcortical Structural Heterogeneity in Autism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.28.555102v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural and functional analyses of viral H2 protein of the vaccinia virus entry fusion complex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.28.555102v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Virus-mediated membrane fusion involves conformational changes of the viral fusion protein to fuse the opposing viral and host lipid bilayers. Unlike all other known viruses that contain a single fusion protein, poxviruses harbor a multimeric protein complex of 11 subunits, termed the entry fusion complex (EFC), to mediate fusion with host membranes. Yet, how the poxviral EFC mediates membrane fusion remains enigmatic. To establish the mechanism of EFC-triggered membrane fusion, we are deciphering the structure and function of individual EFC components. Here, we determined the crystal structure of the H2 ectodomain by X-ray diffraction, revealing a folded conformation comprising a central five-stranded {beta}-sheet and three cladding -helices. We reconstructed the full-length H2 by in silico prediction, revealing that the N-terminal region (aa 51-90) of H2 protein may fold as a long helix connecting the ectodomain and transmembrane region. Using alanine-mutagenesis screening in a transient complementation system, coimmunoprecipitation, isothermal titration calorimetry and MV-triggered membrane fusion assays, we concluded that the surface of the ectodomain of H2 protein, including two loop regions, 170LGYSG174 and 125RRGTGDAW132, constitutes a broad A28-binding region. Moreover, although not involved in A28 binding, the N-terminal helical region approximal to the transmembrane part, encompassing 64RIK66, 72W, and 83ESDRGR88, is also crucial for viral EFC formation and MV infectivity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kao, C.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carillo, K. J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tzou, D.-L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.28.555102</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural and functional analyses of viral H2 protein of the vaccinia virus entry fusion complex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/203968v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Non-invasive detection of upper tract urothelial carcinomas through the analysis of driver gene mutations and aneuploidy in urine 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/203968v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Upper tract urothelial carcinomas (UTUC) of the renal pelvis or ureter can be difficult to detect and challenging to diagnose. Here, we report the development and application of a non-invasive test for UTUC based on molecular analyses of DNA recovered from cells shed into the urine. The test, called UroSEEK, incorporates assays for mutations in eleven genes frequently mutated in urologic malignancies and for allelic imbalances on 39 chromosome arms. At least one genetic abnormality was detected in 75% of urinary cell samples from 56 UTUC patients but in only 0.5% of 188 samples from healthy individuals. The assay was considerably more sensitive than urine cytology, the current standard-of-care. UroSEEK therefore has the potential to be used for screening or to aid in diagnosis in patients at increased risk for UTUC, such as those exposed to herbal remedies containing the carcinogen aristolochic acid.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Springer, S. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Douville, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Afsari, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danilova, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silliman, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaeffer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ptak, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dobbyn, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papoli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinde, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shun, C.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karchin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Netto, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turesky, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yun, B. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenquist, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hruban, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pu, Y.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grollman, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomasetti, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papadopoulos, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinzler, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vogelstein, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickman, K. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/203968</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Non-invasive detection of upper tract urothelial carcinomas through the analysis of driver gene mutations and aneuploidy in urine]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/209387v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of Cell States Using Super-Enhancer RNA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/209387v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A new class of regulatory elements called super-enhancers, comprised of multiple neighboring enhancers, have recently been reported to be the key transcriptional drivers of cellular, developmental, and disease states. Here, we propose to define super-enhancer RNA as highly expressed enhancer RNAs that are transcribed from a cluster of localized genomic regions. Using the cap analysis of gene expression sequencing data from FANTOM5, we systematically explored the enhancer and messenger RNA landscapes in hundreds of different cell types in response to various environments. Applying non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) to super-enhancer RNA profiles, we found that different cell types were well classified. In addition, through the NMF of individual time-course profiles from a single cell-type, super-enhancer RNAs were clustered into several states with progressive patterns. We further investigated the enriched biological functions of the proximal genes involved in each pattern, and found that they were associated with the corresponding developmental process. The proposed super-enhancer RNAs can act as a good alternative, without the complicated measurement of histone modifications, for identifying important regulatory elements of cell type specification and identifying dynamic cell states.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tu, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juan, H.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/209387</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of Cell States Using Super-Enhancer RNA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/220426v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Temporal neural mechanisms underlying conscious access to different levels of facial stimulus contents 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/220426v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
An important issue facing the empirical study of consciousness concerns how the contents of incoming stimuli gain access to conscious processing. According to classic theories, facial stimuli are processed in a hierarchical manner. However, it remains unclear how the brain determines which level of stimulus contents is consciously accessible when facing an incoming facial stimulus. Accordingly, with a magnetoencephalography technique, this study aims to investigate the temporal dynamics of the neural mechanism mediating which level of stimulus content is consciously accessible. Participants were instructed to view masked target faces at threshold, so that according to behavioral responses, their perceptual awareness alternated from consciously accessing facial identity in some trials to being able to consciously access facial configuration features but not facial identity in other trials. Conscious access at these two levels of facial contents were associated with a series of differential neural events. Before target presentation, different patterns of phase angle adjustment were observed between the two types of conscious access. This effect was followed by stronger phase clustering for awareness of facial identity immediately during stimulus presentation. After target onset, conscious access to facial identity, as opposed to facial configural features, was able to elicit more robust late positivity. In conclusion, we suggest that the stages of neural events, ranging from prestimulus to stimulus-related activities, may operate in combination to determine which level of stimulus contents is consciously accessed. Conscious access may thus be better construed as comprising various forms that depend on the level of stimulus contents accessed.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hsu, S.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.-f.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-11-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/220426</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Temporal neural mechanisms underlying conscious access to different levels of facial stimulus contents]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-11-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/239962v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SeqsLab: an integrated platform for cohort-based annotation and interpretation of genetic variants on Spark 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/239962v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SummarySeqsLab is a platform that helps researchers to easily annotate and interpret genetic variants derived from a large quantity of personal genomes. It provides an integrated interface to annotate the variants based on curated databases as well as in silico estimation on the effects of the variants. SeqsLab adopts the scalable cluster computing framework, Spark, and incorporates several customized algorithms to speed up the process of variant annotation and interpretation. The key features of SeqsLab include efficient annotation on large structural variations, diverse combinations of variant filters, easy incorporation with a vast amount of public databases, and scalable architecture of analyzing hundreds of human whole genomes simultaneously.nnAvailability and ImplementationSeqsLab is implemented with JAVA. The generated annotation will then be stored in Elasticsearch for real-time query and exploratory analysis. SeqsLab can be accessed by web browsers and is freely available at http://portal.seqslab.net/.nnContactchungtsai_su@atgenomix.comnnSupplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chang, M.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tung, Y.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, H.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, C.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/239962</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SeqsLab: an integrated platform for cohort-based annotation and interpretation of genetic variants on Spark]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/243592v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Naa10p promotes metastasis by stabilizing matrix metalloproteinase-2 protein in human osteosarcomas 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/243592v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
N--Acetyltransferase 10 protein (Naa10p) mediates N-terminal acetylation of nascent proteins. Oncogenic or tumor suppressive roles of Naa10p were reported in cancers. Here, we report an oncogenic role of Naa10p in promoting metastasis of osteosarcomas. Higher NAA10 transcripts were observed in metastatic osteosarcoma tissues compared to non-metastatic tissues and were also correlated with a worse prognosis of patients. Knockdown and overexpression of Naa10p in osteosarcoma cells respectively led to decreased and increased cell migratory/invasive abilities. Re-expression of Naa10p, but not an enzymatically inactive mutant, relieved suppression of the invasive ability in vitro and metastasis in vivo imposed by Naa10p-knockdown. According to protease array screening, we identified that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 was responsible for the Naa10p-induced invasive phenotype. Naa10p was directly associated with MMP-2 protein through its acetyltransferase domain and maintained MMP-2 protein stability via NatA complex activity. MMP-2 expression levels were also significantly correlated with Naa10p levels in osteosarcoma tissues. These results reveal a novel function of Naa10p in the regulation of cell invasiveness by preventing MMP-2 protein degradation that is crucial during osteosarcoma metastasis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chien, M.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, W.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, K.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsiao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hua, K.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-01-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/243592</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Naa10p promotes metastasis by stabilizing matrix metalloproteinase-2 protein in human osteosarcomas]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-01-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/244244v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hemicellulose Degradation and Utilization by a Synthetic Saccharomyces cerevisiae Consortium 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/244244v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Since Saccharomyces cerevisiae does not inherently possess the capability to utilize pentose sugars released from hemicellulose degradation, the degradation and utilization of hemicellulose poses a conundrum to bioethanol production by consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) using S. cerevisiae. In this study, S. cerevisiae was exploited for its ability to degrade xylan, one of the major polysaccharide chains present in hemicellulose. Different hemicellulases from Trichoderma reesei, namely: endoxylanase (Xyn2), {beta}-xylosidase (Bxl1), acetylxylan esterase (Axe1), -D-glucuronidase (Glr1) and -L-arabinofuranosidase (Abf1), were heterologously secreted by S. cerevisiae. A mixture experimental design was adapted to statistically describe the synergistic interactions between the hemicellulases and to determine the optimum formulations for the hydrolysis of xylan substrates. The hydrolytic activities of the hemicellulase mixtures were then improved by displaying the hemicellulases on the yeast surface to serve as whole-cell biocatalysts. The engineered yeast strains displaying hemicellulases were further engineered with xylose-utilization genes to enable abilities of utilizing xylose as a sole carbon source. The resulting consortia were then able to grow and produce ethanol from different xylan substrates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tabanag, I. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, S.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-01-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/244244</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hemicellulose Degradation and Utilization by a Synthetic Saccharomyces cerevisiae Consortium]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-01-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/284174v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identify and predict environmental change effects on tiger mosquitos, Aedes polynesiensis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/284174v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SO_SCPLOWUMMARYC_SCPLOWTo control mosquito populations for managing vector-borne diseases, a critical need is to identify and predict their response to causal environmental variables. However, most existing attempts rely on linear approaches based on correlation, which cannot apply in complex, nonlinear natural systems, because correlation is neither a necessary nor sufficient condition for causation. Appling empirical dynamic modelling that acknowledges nonlinear dynamics on nine subpopulations of tiger mosquitos from three neighbouring reef islets of the Raiatea atoll, we identified temperature, precipitation, dew point, air pressure, and mean tide level as causal environmental variables. Interestingly, responses of subpopulations in close proximity (100-500 m) differed with respect to their causal environmental variables and the time delay of effect, highlighting complexity in mosquito-environment causality network. Moreover, we demonstrated how to explore the effects of changing environmental variables on number and strength of mosquito outbreaks, providing a new framework for pest control and disease vector ecology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Grziwotz, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strauss, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, C.-h.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Telschow, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/284174</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identify and predict environmental change effects on tiger mosquitos, Aedes polynesiensis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/294348v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Emergence of mosaic plasmids harboring Tn1546-ermB element in Staphylococcus aureus isolates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/294348v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus is a major problem and the acquisition of resistance genes may occur by horizontal gene transfer (HGT). The transposon, an important means of HGT, is recognized as a mobile genetic element that can integrate in plasmids, replicate and transfer to other strains. We have previously reported a novel structure of the Enterococcus faecium-originated Tn1546-ermB element in S. aureus. The emergence of the Tn1546-like element is an emerging problem that requires continuous monitoring. In the present study, we expand the examination of Tn1546-ermB element to ermB-positive methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) (n = 116) and ermB-positive methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (n = 253) during a 16-year period, from 2000 to 2015. PCR mapping showed that 10 MSSA and 10 MRSA carried the Tn1546-ermB element. The 10 MSSA belonged to three sequence types (ST), ST7 (n = 6), ST5 (n = 3), and ST59 (n = 1), and the 10 MRSA belonged to two STs, ST188 (n = 8) and ST965 (n = 2). Since only clonal complex 5 (including ST5, ST85, ST231, and ST371) MRSA, ST8 MRSA and ST5 MSSA have been previously reported to carry Tn1546 plasmids, this is the first report describing the presence of the Tn1546-ermB element in ST7/5/59 MSSA and ST188/965 MRSA. Plasmid sequencing revealed that the Tn1546-ermB element was harbored by five different mosaic plasmids. In addition to resistance genes, some plasmids also harbored toxin genes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wan, T.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hung, W.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsueh, P.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teng, L.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/294348</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Emergence of mosaic plasmids harboring Tn1546-ermB element in Staphylococcus aureus isolates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/302299v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural insights into DNA sequence recognition by Arabidopsis ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR 96 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/302299v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The phytohormone ethylene is widely involved in many developmental processes and is a crucial regulator of defense responses against biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. Ethylene-responsive element binding protein (EREBP), a member of the APETALA2/ethylene response factor (AP2/ERF) superfamily, is a transcription factor that regulates stress-responsive genes by recognizing a specific cis-acting element of target DNA. A previous study showed only the NMR structure of the AP2/ERF domain of AtERF100 in complex with a GCC box DNA motif. In this report, we determined the crystal structure of AtERF96 in complex with a GCC box at atomic resolution. We analyzed the binding residues of the conserved AP2/ERF domain in the DNA recognition sequence. In addition to the AP2/ERF domain, an N-terminal -helix of AtERF96 participates in DNA interaction in the flanking region. We also demonstrated the structure of AtERF96 EDLL motif, a unique conserved motif in the group IX of AP2/ERF family, is critical for the transactivation of defense-related genes. Our study establishes the structural basis of the AtERF96 transcription factor in complex with the GCC box, as well as the DNA binding mechanisms of the N-terminal -helix and AP2/ERF domain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, P.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Y.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/302299</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural insights into DNA sequence recognition by Arabidopsis ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR 96]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/320135v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dlk1-Dio3 Locus-Derived LncRNAs Perpetuate Postmitotic Motor Neuron Cell Fate and Subtype Identity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/320135v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mammalian imprinted Dlk1-Dio3 locus produces multiple long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) from the maternally inherited allele, including Meg3 (i.e. Gtl2) in the mammalian genome. Although this locus has well-characterized functions in stem cell and tumor contexts, its role during neural development is unknown. By transcriptome profiling cell types at each stage of spinal cord development, we uncovered that lncRNAs expressed from the Dlk1-Dio3 locus are predominantly and gradually enriched in rostral motor neurons (MNs). Mechanistically, Meg3 and other Dlk1-Dio3 locus-derived lncRNAs facilitate Jarid2-Ezh2 interactions. Loss of these lncRNAs compromises the H3K27me3 landscape, leading to aberrant expression of progenitor and caudal Hox genes in postmitotic MNs. Our data illustrate that these lncRNAs in the Dlk1-Dio3 locus play a critical role in maintaining postmitotic MN cell fate by repressing progenitor genes and they shape MN subtype identity by regulating Hox genes, providing strong evidence of how lncRNAs function during embryonic development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yen, Y.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, W.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liau, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, S.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hung, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/320135</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dlk1-Dio3 Locus-Derived LncRNAs Perpetuate Postmitotic Motor Neuron Cell Fate and Subtype Identity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/339531v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Whole-brain imaging and characterization of Drosophila brains based on one-, two-, and three-photon excitations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/339531v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To study functional connectome, optical microscopy provides the advantages of in vivo observation, molecular specificity, high-speed acquisition, and sub-micrometer spatial resolution. Now, the most complete single-neuron-based anatomical connectome is built upon Drosophila; thus it will be a milestone to achieve whole-brain observation with sub-cellular resolution in living Drosophila. Surprisingly, two-photon microscopy cannot penetrate through the 200-m-thick brain, due to the extraordinarily strong aberration/scattering from tracheae. Here we achieve whole-Drosophila-brain observation by degassing the brain or by using three-photon microscopy at 1300-nm, while only the latter provides in vivo feasibility, reduced aberration/scattering and exceptional optical sectioning capability. Furthermore, by comparing one-photon (488-nm), two-photon (920-nm), and three-photon (1300-nm) excitations in the brain, we not only demonstrate first quantitative reduction of both scattering and aberration in trachea-filled tissues, but unravel that the contribution of aberration exceeds scattering at long wavelengths. Our work paves the way toward constructing functional connectome in a living Drosophila.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chu, S.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, A.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, K.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/339531</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Whole-brain imaging and characterization of Drosophila brains based on one-, two-, and three-photon excitations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/349589v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Which results of the standard test in community weighted mean approach are too optimistic? 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/349589v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
QuestionsCommunity weighted mean (CWM) approach analyses the relationship species attributes (like traits or Ellenberg-type indicator values) to sample attributes (environmental variables). Recently it has been shown to suffer from inflated Type I error rate if tested by standard parametric or (row-based) permutation test. Results of many published studies are likely influenced, reporting overly optimistic relationships that are in fact merely a numerical artefact. Can we evaluate results of which studies are likely to be influenced and how much?nnMethodsI suggest that hypotheses commonly tested by CWM approach are classified into three categories, which differ by assumption they make about the link of species composition to either species or sample attributes. I used a set of simulated and one simple real dataset to show how is the inflated Type I error rate influenced by data characteristics.nnResultsFor hypotheses assuming the link of species composition to species attributes, CWM approach with standard test returns correct Type I error rate. However, for the other two categories (assuming link of species composition to sample attributes or not assuming any link) it returns inflated Type I error rate and requires alternative tests to control for it (column-based and max test, respectively). Inflation index is negatively related to the beta diversity of species composition and positively to the strength of species composition-sample attributes relationship and the number of samples in the dataset. Inflation index is also influenced by modifying species composition matrix (by transformation or removal of species). The relationship of CWM with intrinsic species attributes is a case of spurious correlation and can be tested by column-based (modified) permutation test.nnConclusionsThe concept of three hypothesis categories offers a simple tool to evaluate whether given study reports correct or inflated Type I error rate, and how inflated the rate can be.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zeleny, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/349589</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Which results of the standard test in community weighted mean approach are too optimistic?]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/358952v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Three-dimensional culture of chicken primordial germ cells in chemically defined media containing the functional polymer FP003 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/358952v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Scalable production of avian suspension cell exhibits a valuable potential on therapeutic application by producing recombinant protein and as the substrate for virus growth. This study sought to establish a system with chemically defined components for three-dimensional (3D) culture of chicken primordial germ cells (cPGCs), a pluripotent avian cell type. cPGCs were cultured in medium supplemented with the functional polymer FP003. Viscoelasticity was low in this medium, and cPGCs did not sediment,and consequently their expansion was improved. The total number of cPGCs increased by 17-fold after 1week of culture in 3D-FAot medium, an aseric chemically defined medium containing FP003, indicating that this medium enhances the expansion of cPGCs. Moreover, cPGC cell lines stably expressed the germline-specific reporter VASA:tdTOMATO, as well as other markers of cPGCs, for more than 1 month upon culture in 3D-FAot medium, indicating that the characteristics of these cells are maintained. cPGCs harboring both PGK:EGFP and VASA:tdTOMATO robustly expressed both fluorescent proteins upon culture in 3D-FAot, suggesting that this approach is perspective for recombinant protein production. In summary,this novel 3D culture system can be used to efficiently expand cPGCs in suspension without mechanical stirring or loss of cellular properties. This system provides a platform for large-scale culture ofcPGCs in industry.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pain, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jean, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>CHANG, W.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, S.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rival-Gervier, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MINAMI, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>HAYASHI, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>KANAKI, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>WU, S.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/358952</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Three-dimensional culture of chicken primordial germ cells in chemically defined media containing the functional polymer FP003]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/363713v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) in Malawi: Implementation Gaps and Challenges for Timely Alert 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/363713v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveThe emerging and recent 2014 Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreaks rang the bell to call upon efforts from globe to assist resource-constrained countries to strengthen public health surveillance system for early response. Malawi adopted the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) strategy to develop its national surveillance system since 2002 and revised its guideline to fulfill the International Health Regulation (IHR) requirements in 2014. This study aimed to understand the state of IDSR implementation and differences between guideline and practice for future disease surveillance system strengthening.nnMethodsThis was a mixed-method observational study. Quantitative data were to analyze completeness and timeliness of surveillance system performance from national District Health Information System 2 (DHIS2). Qualitative data were collected through interviews with 29 frontline health service providers from the selected district and key informants of the IDSR system implementation and administration at district and national levels.nnFindingsThe current IDSR system showed relatively good completeness (76.4%) but poor timeliness (41.5%) of total expected monthly reports nationwide and zero weekly reports. The challenges of IDSR implementation revealed through qualitative data included lack of supervision, inadequate resources for training and difficulty to implement weekly report due to overwhelming paperwork at frontline health services.nnConclusionsThe differences between IDSR technical guideline and actual practice were huge. The developing information technology infrastructure in Malawi and emerging mobile health (mHealth) technology can be opportunities for the country to overcome these challenges and improve surveillance system to have better timeliness for the outbreaks and unusual events detection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, T.-S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kagoli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaasboll, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bjune, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/363713</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) in Malawi: Implementation Gaps and Challenges for Timely Alert]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/376186v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Glucose intake hampers PKA-regulated HSP90 chaperone activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/376186v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aging is an intricate phenomenon associated with the gradual loss of physiological functions, and both nutrient sensing and proteostasis control lifespan. Although multiple approaches have facilitated the identification of candidate genes that govern longevity, the molecular mechanisms that link aging pathways are still elusive. Here, we conducted a quantitative mass spectrometry screen and identified all phosphorylation/dephosphorylation sites on yeast proteins that significantly responded to calorie restriction, a well-established approach to extend lifespan. Functional screening of 135 potential regulators uncovered that Ids2 is activated by PP2C under CR and inactivated by PKA under glucose intake. ids2{Delta} or ids2 phosphomimetic cells displayed heat sensitivity and lifespan shortening. Ids2 serves as a co-chaperone to form a complex with Hsc82 or the redundant Hsp82, and phosphorylation of Ids2 impedes its association with chaperone HSP90. Thus, PP2C and PKA orchestrate glucose sensing and protein folding to enable cells to maintain protein quality for sustained longevity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, P.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, C.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teng, S.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/376186</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Glucose intake hampers PKA-regulated HSP90 chaperone activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/380998v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effect of de novo transcriptome assembly on transcript quantification 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/380998v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundCorrect quantification of transcript expression is essential to understand the functional products of the genome in different physiological conditions and developmental stages. Recently, the development of high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) allows the researchers to perform transcriptome analysis for the organisms without the reference genome and transcriptome. For such projects, de novo transcriptome assembly must be carried out prior to quantification. However, a large number of erroneous contigs produced by the assemblers might result in unreliable estimation on the abundance of transcripts. In this regard, this study comprehensively investigates how assembly quality affects the performance of quantification for RNA-Seq analysis based on de novo transcriptome assembly.nnResultsSeveral important factors that might seriously affect the accuracy of the RNA-Seq analysis were thoroughly discussed. First, we found that the assemblers perform comparatively well for the transcriptomes with lower biological complexity. Second, we examined the over-extended and incomplete contigs, and then demonstrated that assembly completeness has a strong impact on the estimation of contig abundance. Lastly, we investigated the behavior of the quantifiers with respect to sequence ambiguity which might be originally present in the transcriptome or accidentally produced by assemblers. The results suggest that the quantifiers often over-estimate the expression of family-collapse contigs and under-estimate the expression of duplicated contigs. For organisms without reference transcriptome, it remained challenging to detect the inaccurate abundance estimation on family-collapse contigs. On the contrary, we observed that the situation of under-estimation on duplicated contigs can be warned through analyzing the read distribution of the duplicated contigs.nnConclusionsIn summary, we explicated the behavior of quantifiers when erroneous contigs are present and we outlined the potential problems that the assemblers might cause for the downstream analysis of RNA-Seq. We anticipate the analytic results conducted in this study provides valuable insights for future development of transcriptome assembly and quantification.nnAvailabilitywe proposed an open-source Python based package QuantEval that builds connected components for the assembled contigs based on sequence similarity and evaluates the quantification results for each connected component. The package can be downloaded from https://github.com/dn070017/QuantEval.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, P.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oyang, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/380998</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effect of de novo transcriptome assembly on transcript quantification]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/384511v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An efficient timer and sizer of protein motions reveals the time scales of functional dynamics in the ribosome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/384511v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The clock of life ticks as fast as how efficiently proteins could perform their functional dynamics. Protein complexes execute functions via several large-scale intrinsic motions across multiple conformational states, which occur at a timescale of nano-to milliseconds for well-folded proteins. Computationally expensive molecular dynamics (MD) simulation has been the only theoretical tool to time and size these motions, though barely to their slowest ends. Here, we convert a simple elastic network model (ENM), which takes a few seconds (ubiquitin) to hours (ribosome) for the analysis, into a molecular timer and sizer to gauge the slowest functional motions of proteins. Quasi-harmonic analysis, fluctuation-profile matching (FPM) and the Wiener-Khintchine theorem (WKT) are used to define the "time-periods", t, for anharmonic principal components (PCs) which are validated by NMR order parameters. The PCs with their respective "time-periods" are mapped to the eigenvalues ({lambda}ENM) of the corresponding ENM modes. Thus, the power laws t(ns) = 86.9{lambda}ENM-1.9 and {sigma}2([A]2) = 46.1 {lambda}ENM-2.5 are established allowing the characterization of the time scales of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)-solved conformers, crystallographic anisotropic displacement parameters, and important ribosomal motions, as well as motional sizes of the latter.nnAuthor SummaryThe time scale of biological processes is governed by protein functional dynamics that often corresponds to the largest conformational spread and the longest time scales among all possible motions. Current simulation methodologies cannot reach the slowest, often functional, motions especially for supramolecular machineries. Borrowing the spring-bead model used in polymer physics since 60s, the efficient elastic network model (ENM), introduced in 90s, captured all modes of protein motions but largely underestimated the time scales of slowest modes due to its harmonic approximation.nnHere we map water-damped modes sampled by MD simulations to corresponding ones in ENM and thereby establish 2 power laws that describe the authentic time scales and sizes for the slowest anharmonic modes as functions of ENM eigenvalues. With that, we adequately describe the sizes and time scales for three proteins, confirmed by NMR spectroscopy, and ribosome that contains ~0.2 million heavy atoms (~ 20 thousands coarse-grained nodes).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, H.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takemura, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, K.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joti, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kitao, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/384511</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An efficient timer and sizer of protein motions reveals the time scales of functional dynamics in the ribosome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/384727v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mating system of Ustilago esculenta and its polymorphism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/384727v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Zizania latifolia Turcz., which is mainly distributed in Asia, has had a long cultivation history as a cereal and vegetable crop. On infection with the smut fungus Ustilago esculenta, Z. latifolia becomes an edible vegetable, water bamboo. Two main cultivars, with a green shell and red shell, are cultivated for commercial production in Taiwan. Previous studies indicated that cultivars of Z. latifolia may be related to infection with U. esculenta isolates. However, related research is limited. The infection process of the corn smut fungus Ustilago maydis is coupled with sexual development and under control of the mating type locus. Thus, we aimed to use knowledge of U. maydis to reveal the mating system of U. esculenta. We collected water bamboo and isolated 145 U. esculenta strains from Taiwans major production areas. By using PCR and idiomorph screening among meiotic offspring and field isolates, we identified three idiomorphs of the mating type locus and found no sequence recombination between them. Whole-genome sequencing (Illumina and Pacbio) suggested that the mating system of U. esculenta was bipolar. Mating type locus 1 (MAT-1) was 555,862 bp, and contained 44% repeated sequences. Sequence comparison revealed that U. esculenta MAT-1 shared better conservation with the sex chromosome of U. maydis than U. hordei. These results can be utilized to further explore the genomic diversity of U. esculenta isolates and their application for water bamboo breeding.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiu, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tseng, H.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haung, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, W.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/384727</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mating system of Ustilago esculenta and its polymorphism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/402420v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Assessment of population differentiation and linkage disequilibrium in Solanum pimpinellifolium using genome-wide high-density SNP markers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/402420v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To mine new favorable alleles for tomato breeding, we investigated the feasibility of utilizing Solanum pimpinellifolium as a diverse panel of genome-wide association study through the restriction site-associated DNA sequencing technique. Previous attempts to conduct genome-wide association study using S. pimpinellifolium were impeded by an inability to correct for population stratification and by lack of high-density markers to address the issue of rapid linkage disequilibrium decay. In the current study, a set of 24,330 SNPs was identified using 99 S. pimpinellifolium accessions from the Tomato Genetic Resource Center. Approximately 84% PstI site-associated DNA sequencing regions were located in the euchromatic regions, resulting in the tagging of most SNPs on or near genes. Our genotypic data suggested that the optimum number of S. pimpinellifolium ancestral subpopulations was three, and accessions were classified into seven groups. In contrast to the SolCAP SNP genotypic data of previous studies, our SNP genotypic data consistently confirmed the population differentiation, achieving a relatively uniform correction of population stratification. Moreover, as expected, rapid linkage disequilibrium decay was observed in S. pimpinellifolium, especially in euchromatic regions. Approximately two-thirds of the flanking SNP markers did not display linkage disequilibrium. Our result suggests that higher density of molecular markers and more accessions are required to conduct the genome-wide association study utilizing the Solanum pimpinellifolium collection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/402420</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Assessment of population differentiation and linkage disequilibrium in Solanum pimpinellifolium using genome-wide high-density SNP markers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/408815v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mutant p53 triggers a dynamin-1/APPL1 endosome feedback loop that regulates β1 integrin recycling and migration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/408815v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multiple mechanisms contribute to cancer cell progression and metastatic activity, including changes in endocytic trafficking and signaling of cell surface receptors. We report that gain-of-function (GOF) mutant p53 expression enhances {beta} integrin and EGF receptor recycling and increases cell migration by triggering a positive feedback loop involving the activation of dynamin-1 (Dyn1) and accumulation of a spatially-restricted subpopulation of APPL1-positive  perimeter endosomes. DNM1 is upregulated at both the mRNA and protein levels in a manner dependent on expression of GOF mutant p53. Perimeter APPL1 endosomes are required for rapid recycling of EGFR and {beta}1 integrins and modulate Akt signaling and Dyn1 activation to create the positive feedback loop that culminates in increased focal adhesion turnover and cell migration. Thus, Dyn1- and Akt-dependent perimeter APPL1 endosomes function as a nexus, integrating signaling and receptor trafficking, that can be co-opted by cancer cells for mutant p53-driven migration and invasion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lakoduk, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roudot, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mettlen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grossman, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, P.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmid, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/408815</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mutant p53 triggers a dynamin-1/APPL1 endosome feedback loop that regulates β1 integrin recycling and migration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/411108v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
On the post-glacial spread of human commensal Arabidopsis thaliana: journey to the east 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/411108v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
With the availability of more sequenced genomes, our understanding of the evolution and demographic history of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana is rapidly expanding. Here we compile previously published data to investigate global patterns of genetic variation. While the Southeast African accessions were reported to be the most divergent among worldwide populations, we found accessions from Yunnan, China to be genetically close to the sub-Saharan accessions. Our further investigation of worldwide chloroplast genomes identified several deeply diverged haplogroups existing only in Eurasia, and the African populations have lower variation in many haplogroups they shared with the Eurasian populations. Bayesian inferences of chloroplast demography showed that representative haplogroups of Africa exhibited long-term stable population size, suggesting recent selective sweep or bottleneck is not able to explain the lower chloroplast variation in Africa. Taken together, these patterns cannot be easily explained by a single out-of-Africa event. Several Eurasian chloroplast haplogroups had rapid population growth since 10 kya, presumably reflecting the recent expansion of the weedy non-relicts across Eurasia. Our demographic analysis on a chromosomal region un-affected by relict introgression also suggested the European, Central Asian, and Chinese Yangtze populations diverged no earlier than 15 kya, in contrast to previous estimates of 45 kya inferred from whole genome that likely contains relict admixture. The most recent expansion is observed in the Yangtze population of China less than 2000 years ago. Similar to Iberia, the western end of non-relict expansion reported in our previous study, in this eastern end of Eurasia we find clear traces of gene flow between the Yangtze non-relicts and the Yunnan relicts. Genes under strong selection and previously suggested to contribute to adaptation in the Yangtze valley are enriched for traces of relict introgression, especially those related with biotic and immune responses. The results suggest the ability of non-relicts to obtain locally adaptive alleles through admixture with relicts is an important factor contributing to the rapid expansion across the environmental gradients spanning the eastern to the western coast of Eurasia.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hsu, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lo, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/411108</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[On the post-glacial spread of human commensal Arabidopsis thaliana: journey to the east]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/418384v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Active Transport of Membrane Components by Self-Organization of the Min Proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/418384v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Heterogeneous distribution of components in the biological membrane is critical in the process of cell polarization. However, little is known about the mechanisms that can generate and maintain the heterogeneous distribution of the membrane components. Here we report that the propagating wave patterns of the bacterial Min proteins can impose corresponding steric pressure on the membrane to establish a directional accumulation of the membrane components, resulting in segregation of the components in the membrane. The diffusivity, influenced by the membrane anchor of the component, and the repulsed ability, influenced by the steric property of the soluble region of the component and molecular crowding, determine the differential spatial distribution of the component in the membrane. Thus, transportation of the membrane components by the Min proteins follows a simple physical principle, which resembles a linear peristaltic pumping process, to selectively segregate and maintain heterogeneous distribution of materials in the membrane.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shih, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, L.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, Y.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, B.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bau, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, C. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H.-l.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shih, Y.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, M.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Z.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/418384</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Active Transport of Membrane Components by Self-Organization of the Min Proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/421719v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GenEpi: Gene-based Epistasis Discovery Using Machine Learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/421719v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) provide a powerful means to identify associations between genetic variants and phenotypes. However, GWAS techniques for detecting epistasis, the interactions between genetic variants associated with phenotypes, are still limited. We believe that developing an efficient and effective GWAS method to detect epistasis will be a key for discovering sophisticated pathogenesis, which is especially important for complex diseases such as Alzheimers disease (AD). In this regard, this study presents GenEpi, a computational package to uncover epistasis associated with phenotypes by the proposed machine learning approach. GenEpi identifies both within-gene and cross-gene epistasis through a two-stage modeling workflow. In both stages, GenEpi adopts two-element combinatorial encoding when producing features and constructs the prediction models by L1-regularized regression with stability selection. The simulated data showed that GenEpi outperforms other widely-used methods on detecting ground-truth epistasis. As real data is concerned, this study uses AD as an example to reveal the capability of GenEpi in finding disease-related variants and variant interactions that show both biological meanings and predictive power. Availability: GenEpi is an open-source python package and available free of charge only for non-commercial users. The package can be downloaded from https://github.com/Chester75321/GenEpi, and has also been published on The Python Package Index.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, M.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tung, Y.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, P.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yee, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giacomini, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oyang, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/421719</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GenEpi: Gene-based Epistasis Discovery Using Machine Learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/434449v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Analysis of contributory gut microbiota and lauric acid against necrotic enteritis in Clostridium perfringens and Eimeria side-by-side challenge model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/434449v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gut microbiota has been demonstrated to be involved in intestinal nutrition, defense, and immunity, as well as participating in disease progression. This study was to investigate gut microbiota changes in chickens challenged with netB-positive Clostridium perfringens strain 1 (CP1) and/or the predisposing Eimeria species (Eimeria). In addition, the effects of lauric acid, a medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA), on NE reduction and modulation of microbiota were evaluated. The results demonstrated that microbial communities in the jejunum were distinct from those in the cecum, and the microbial community change was more significant in jejunum. Challenge of CP1 in conjunction with Eimeria significantly reduced species diversity in jejunal microbiota, but cecal microbiota remained stable. In the jejunum, CP1 challenge increased the abundance of the genera of Clostridium sensu stricto 1, Escherichia Shigella, and Weissella, but significantly decreased the population of Lactobacillus. Eimeria infection on its own was unable to promote NE, demonstrating decrements of Clostridium sensu stricto 1 and Lactobacillus. Co-infection with CP1 and Eimeria reproduced the majority of NE lesions with significant increment of Clostridium sensu stricto 1 and reduction in Lactobacillus. The changes of these two taxa increased the severity of NE lesions. Further analyses of metagenomeSeq, STAMP, and LEfSe showed significant overgrowth of Clostridium sensu stricto 1 was associated with NE and Eimeria infection than C. perfringens challenge alone. The supplementation of lauric acid did not reduce NE incidence and severity but decreased the relative abundance of Escherichia Shigella. In conclusion, significant overgrowth of Clostridium sensu stricto 1 in the jejunm is the major microbiota contributory to NE. Controlling proliferation of this taxon in the jejunum should be the niche for developing effective strategies against NE.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chou, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen-Yuan Yang, Yuejia Lee, Hsinyi Lu, Chung-Hsi Chou,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/434449</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Analysis of contributory gut microbiota and lauric acid against necrotic enteritis in Clostridium perfringens and Eimeria side-by-side challenge model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/445874v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparative genetic architectures of schizophrenia in East Asian and European populations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/445874v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Author summarySchizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder with a lifetime risk of about 1% world-wide. Most large schizophrenia genetic studies have studied people of primarily European ancestry, potentially missing important biological insights. Here we present a study of East Asian participants (22,778 schizophrenia cases and 35,362 controls), identifying 21 genome-wide significant schizophrenia associations in 19 genetic loci. Over the genome, the common genetic variants that confer risk for schizophrenia have highly similar effects in those of East Asian and European ancestry (rg=0.98), indicating for the first time that the genetic basis of schizophrenia and its biology are broadly shared across these world populations. A fixed-effect meta-analysis including individuals from East Asian and European ancestries revealed 208 genome-wide significant schizophrenia associations in 176 genetic loci (53 novel). Trans-ancestry fine-mapping more precisely isolated schizophrenia causal alleles in 70% of these loci. Despite consistent genetic effects across populations, polygenic risk models trained in one population have reduced performance in the other, highlighting the importance of including all major ancestral groups with sufficient sample size to ensure the findings have maximum relevance for all populations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lam, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bryois, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaspar, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ikeda, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benyamin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamatani, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kubo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kusumawardhani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Periyasamy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takahashi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Psychiatric Genomics Consortium - Schizophrenia Working Group,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Indonesia Schizophrenia Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Genetic REsearch on schizophreniA neTwork-China and Netherland (GREAT-CN),</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faraone, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glatt, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hyman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwu, H.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCarroll, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neale, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sklar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wildenauer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zh</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/445874</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparative genetic architectures of schizophrenia in East Asian and European populations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/466938v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The distinct biochemical property enables thymidylate kinase as a drug target and participates in pyrimidine drug sensitivity in Candida albicans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/466938v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ability to overcome drug resistance in outbreaks of Candida albicans infection is an unmet need in health management. Here, we investigated CDC8, which encodes thymidylate kinase (TMPK), as a potential drug target for the treatment of C. albicans infection. In this study, we found that the specific region spanning amino acids 106-123, namely, the Ca-loop of C. albicans TMPK (CaTMPK) contributes to the hyperactivity of this enzyme compared to the human enzyme (hTMPK) and to the utilization of deoxyuridine monophosphate (dUMP)/ deoxy-5-Fluorouridine monophosphate (5-FdUMP) as a substrate. Notably, CaTMPK but not hTMPK enables dUTP/5-FdUTP-mediated DNA toxicity in yeast. CRISPR-mediated deletion of this Ca-loop in C. albicans demonstrated the critical role of this Ca-loop in fungal growth and susceptibility to 5-Fluorouridine (5-FUrd). Moreover, pathogenic and drug-resistant C. albicans clones were similarly sensitive to 5-FUrd. Thus, this study not only identified a target site for the development of CaTMPK-selective drugs but also revealed 5-FUrd to be a potential drug for the treatment of C. albicans infection.nnAuthor summaryThe emergence of drug-resistant C. albicans strains is a serious medical concern that may be addressed by targeting an essential fungal enzyme. CDC8 encodes thymidylate kinase (TMPK), which is the key enzyme required for dTTP synthesis and is an essential gene for yeast growth. Therefore, the differences of TMPK between human and C. albicans can be a potential drug targeting site. This study defines a specific Ca-loop unique to CaTMPK from C. albicans, contributing to hyper-activity over human enzyme (hTMPK). CRSPR-edited deletion of this loop also suppressed the growth of C. albicans. Moreover, we present evidence that this loop enables dUMP utilization by CaTMPK, but not hTMPK. CaTMPK is also capable of using 5-FdUMP as a substrate, which contributes to 5-FUrd-mediated toxicity. Importantly, we found that many drug resistant pathogenic C. albicans isolates from patients are sensitive to 5-FUrd, which has not been used as a drug against fungal infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, C. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu-Hsieh, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Z.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang-Yu Huang, Yee-Chun Chen, Betty A. Wu-Hsieh, Jim-Min Fang and Zee-Fen Chang,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/466938</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The distinct biochemical property enables thymidylate kinase as a drug target and participates in pyrimidine drug sensitivity in Candida albicans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/474197v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
AICAR induces apoptosis and inhibits migration of prostate cancer cells through an AMPK/mTOR-dependent pathway 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/474197v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carbox-amide-1-{beta}-D-ribofuranoside), an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) agonist, has demonstrated antitumor activities for several types of cancers. However, the activity of AICAR on the cell growth and metastasis of prostate cancer has not been extensively studied. Herein we examine the effects of AICAR on the cell growth and metastasis of prostate cancer cells, 22RV1 cells. Cell growth was performed by MTT assay and soft agar assay. Cell apoptosis was examined by Annexin V/PI staining and PARP cleavage Western blot. Cell migration was evaluated by wound-healing assay. The expression of EMT-related protein and the activity of the AMPK/ mTOR-dependent pathway were analyzed by Western blot. In addition, we also tested the effect of AICAR on the chemosensitivity to docetaxel using MTT assay. Our results indicated that AICAR inhibits cell growth, induces apoptosis, attenuates TGF-{beta}-induced cell migration and EMT-related protein expression, and enhances the chemosensitivity to docetaxel through regulating the AMPK/mTOR-dependent pathway. Collectively, these findings support AICAR as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of prostate cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Su, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, K.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, P.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, W.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, K.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiu, F.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, I.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, M.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/474197</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[AICAR induces apoptosis and inhibits migration of prostate cancer cells through an AMPK/mTOR-dependent pathway]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/495036v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Schizophrenia risk conferred by protein-coding de novo mutations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/495036v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein-coding de novo mutations (DNMs) in the form of single nucleotide changes and short insertions/deletions are significant genetic risk factors for autism, intellectual disability, developmental delay, and epileptic encephalopathy. In contrast, the burden of DNMs has thus far only had a modest documented impact on schizophrenia (SCZ) risk. Here, we analyze whole-exome sequence from 1,695 SCZ affected parent-offspring trios from Taiwan along with DNMs from 1,077 published SCZ trios to better understand the contribution of coding DNMs to SCZ risk. Among 2,772 SCZ affected probands, the increased burden of DNMs is modest. Gene set analyses show that the modest increase in risk from DNMs in SCZ probands is concentrated in genes that are either highly brain expressed, under strong evolutionary constraint, and/or overlap with genes identified as DNM risk factors in other neurodevelopmental disorders. No single gene meets the criteria for genome-wide significance, but we identify 16 genes that are recurrently hit by a protein-truncating DNM, which is a 3.15-fold higher rate than mutation model expectation of 5.1 genes (permuted 95% CI=1-10 genes, permuted p=3e-5). Overall, DNMs explain only a small fraction of SCZ risk, and this risk is polygenic in nature suggesting that coding variation across many different genes will be a risk factor for SCZ in the population.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Howrigan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rose, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samocha, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fromer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cerrato, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Churchhouse, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chambert, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandler, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daly, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dumont, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Genovese, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwu, H.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laird, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kosmicki, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moran, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roe, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faraone, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glatt, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCarroll, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsuang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neale, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/495036</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Schizophrenia risk conferred by protein-coding de novo mutations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/499467v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The integrated stress response mediates type I interferon driven necrosis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis granulomas 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/499467v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Necrosis in the tuberculous granuloma is a hallmark of tuberculosis that enables pathogen survival and transmission. Susceptibility to tuberculosis and several other intracellular bacteria is controlled by a mouse genetic locus, sst1, and mice carrying the sst1-suscepible (sst1S) genotype develop necrotic inflammatory lung lesions, similar to human TB granulomas. Our previous work established that increased disease severity in sst1S mice reflects dysfunctional macrophage effector or tolerance mechanisms, but the molecular mechanisms have remained unclear. Here we demonstrate that sst1S macrophages develop aberrant, biphasic responses to TNF characterized by super-induction of stress and type I interferon pathways after prolonged TNF stimulation with this late-stage response being initiated by oxidative stress and Myc activation and driven via a JNK - IFN{beta} - PKR circuit. This circuit leads to induction of the integrated stress response (ISR) mediated by eIF2 phosphorylation and the subsequent hyper-induction of ATF3 and ISR-target genes Chac1, Trib3, Ddit4. The administration of ISRIB, a small molecule inhibitor of the ISR, blocked the development of necrosis in lung granulomas of M. tuberculosis-infected sst1S mice and concomitantly reduced the bacterial burden revealing that induction of the ISR and the locked-in state of escalating stress driven by type I IFN pathway in sst1S macrophages plays a causal role in the development of necrosis. Our data support a generalizable paradigm in intracellular pathogen-host interactions wherein host susceptibility emerges within inflammatory tissue due to imbalanced macrophage responses to growth, differentiation, activation and stress stimuli. Successful pathogens such as M. tuberculosis may exploit this aberrant response in susceptible hosts to induce necrotic lesions that favor long-term pathogen survival and transmission. Interruption of the aberrant stress response with inhibitors such as ISRIB may offer novel therapeutic strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharya, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chatterjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Urbanowski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ordonez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ihms, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agrahari, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lun, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berland, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pichugin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Connor, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivanov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, B.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kobzik, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bishai, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kramnik, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/499467</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The integrated stress response mediates type I interferon driven necrosis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis granulomas]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/503474v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mitochondrial cristae biogenesis coordinates with ETC complex IV assembly during Drosophila maturation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/503474v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitochondrial cristae contain electron transport chain (ETC) complexes and are distinct from the inner boundary membrane (IBM) in both protein composition and function. While many details of mitochondrial membrane structure are known, the processes governing cristae biogenesis, including the organization of lipid membranes and assembly of proteins encoded by both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, remain obscure. We followed cristae biogenesis in situ upon Drosophila eclosion using serial-section electron tomography and revealed that the morphogenesis of lamellar cristae coordinates with ETC complex IV assembly. The membrane morphogenesis and gain-of-function were intricately co-evolved during cristae biogenesis. Marf-knockdown flies formed lamellar cristae containing ATP synthase and functional COX. However, OPA1-knockdown flies showed impaired cristae biogenesis. Overall, this study revealed the multilevel coordination of protein-coupled membrane morphogenesis in building functional cristae.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.-f.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, H.-l.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.-j.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/503474</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mitochondrial cristae biogenesis coordinates with ETC complex IV assembly during Drosophila maturation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/509299v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure-guided design of a pure orthosteric antagonist of integrin αIIbβ3 that inhibits thrombosis but not clot retraction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/509299v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Platelet integrin lIb{beta}3 plays a critical role in both hemostasis and thrombosis. Current IIb{beta}3 antagonists are potent anti-thrombotic drugs, but also cause adverse outcomes, which limited their clinical use. Drug-induced serious bleeding, thrombocytopenia and paradoxical thrombosis have been linked to impaired clot retraction and to conformational changes in IIb{beta}3 that promote binding of preformed antibodies, natural ligands or both to IIb{beta}3. We have used structure-guided design to generate the orthosteric inhibitor Hr10 that acts as a pure IIb{beta}3 antagonist, i.e. it does not induce the conformational changes in IIb{beta}3. Hr10 is as effective as the partial agonist drug eptifibatide in blocking platelet aggregation and arteriolar thrombosis in mice. In contrast to eptifibatide, however, Hr10 preserved thrombin-induced clot retraction, suggesting that it may not perturb hemostasis. Our structure-based approach can find general utility in designing pure orthosteric inhibitors for other integrins, in providing vital tools for dissecting structure-activity relationships in IIb{beta}3, and potentially in offering safer alternatives for human therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Adair, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alonso, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Agthoven, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayes, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahn, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, J.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poncz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnaout, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/509299</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure-guided design of a pure orthosteric antagonist of integrin αIIbβ3 that inhibits thrombosis but not clot retraction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/519546v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dominant coral bacterium Endozoicomonas acroporae metabolizes DMSP 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/519546v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dominant coral-associated Endozoicomonas bacteria species are hypothesized to play a role in the coral-sulfur cycle by metabolizing Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) into Dimethylsulfide (DMS); however, no sequenced genome to date harbors genes for this process. In this study, we assembled high-quality (>95% complete) genomes of strains of a recently added species Endozoicomonas acroporae (Acr-14T, Acr-1 and Acr-5) isolated from the coral Acropora muricata and performed comparative genomic analysis on genus Endozoicomonas. We identified the first DMSP CoA-transferase/lyase--a dddD gene homolog found in all E. acroporae strains--and functionally characterized bacteria capable of metabolizing DMSP into DMS via the DddD cleavage pathway using RT-qPCR and gas chromatography (GC). Furthermore, we demonstrated that E. acroporae strains can use DMSP as the sole carbon source and have genes arranged in an operon-like manner to link DMSP metabolism to the central carbon cycle. This study confirms the role of Endozoicomonas in the coral sulfur cycle.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tandon, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, P.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wada, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chou, M.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, S.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/519546</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dominant coral bacterium Endozoicomonas acroporae metabolizes DMSP]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/548552v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Thermal cycling-hyperthermia in combination with polyphenols, epigallocatechin gallate and chlorogenic acid, exerts synergistic anticancer effect against human pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/548552v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hyperthermia (HT) has shown feasibility and potency as an anticancer therapy. Administration of HT in the chemotherapy has previously enhanced the cytotoxicity of drugs against pancreatic cancer. However, the drugs used when conducting these studies are substantially conventional chemotherapeutic agents that may cause unwanted side effects. Additionally, the thermal dosage in the treatment of cancer cells could also probably harm the healthy cells. The purpose of this work was to investigate the potential of the two natural polyphenolic compounds, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and chlorogenic acid (CGA), as heat synergizers in the thermal treatment of the PANC-1 cells. Furthermore, we have introduced a novel strategy entitled the thermal cycling-hyperthermia (TC-HT) that is capable of providing a maximum synergy and minimal side effect with the anticancer compounds. Our results demonstrate that the combination of the TC-HT and the CGA or EGCG markedly exerts the anticancer effect against the PANC-1 cells, while none of the single treatment induced such changes. The synergistic activity was attributed to the cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and the induction of the ROS-dependent mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. These findings not only represent the first thermal synergistic study of natural compounds in the treatment of pancreatic cancer, but also highlight the potential application of the TC-HT as an alternative strategy in anticancer treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lu, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/548552</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Thermal cycling-hyperthermia in combination with polyphenols, epigallocatechin gallate and chlorogenic acid, exerts synergistic anticancer effect against human pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/550921v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extracellular Pgk1 enhances neurite outgrowth of motoneurons through Nogo66-independent targeting of NogoA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/550921v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
NogoA inhibits neurite outgrowth of motoneurons (NOM) through interaction with its receptors, Nogo66/NgR. Inhibition of Nogo receptors rescues NOM, but not to the extent exhibited by NogoA-knockout mice, suggesting the presence of other pathways. We found that NogoA-overexpressing muscle cells reduced phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (Pgk1) secretion, resulting in inhibiting NOM. Apart from its glycolytic role and independent of the Nogo66 pathway, extracellular Pgk1 stimulated NOM by triggering a reduction of p-Cofilin-S3, a growth cone collapse marker, through decreasing a novel Rac1-GTP/p-Pak1-T423/p-P38-T180/p-MK2-T334/p-Limk1-S323/p-Cofilin-S3 molecular pathway. Not only did supplementary Pgk1 enhance NOM in defective cells, but injection of Pgk1 rescued denervation in muscle-specific NogoA-overexpression of zebrafish and an Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis mouse model, SOD1-G93A. Thus, Pgk1 secreted from muscle is detrimental to motoneuron synapse growth and maintenance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, C. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, K. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, P. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, C. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, S. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/550921</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extracellular Pgk1 enhances neurite outgrowth of motoneurons through Nogo66-independent targeting of NogoA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/553503v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Divergence in Thermostability of Arabidopsis Mitochondrial Nucleotide Exchange Factors Encoded by Duplicate Genes, MGE1 and MGE2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/553503v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The divergence of duplicate genes links to organismic adaptation. In Arabidopsis thaliana two nuclear genes encode mitochondrial GrpEs, MGE1 and MGE2, the nucleotide exchange factors of DnaK/HSP70 chaperone. MGE1 and MGE2 are duplicate genes originated from a whole genome duplication event. They respond differentially to high temperature; MGE2 is heat-inducible and is required for Arabidopsis seedlings to tolerate prolonged heat stress, while MGE1 is constitutively expressed. Heterologous expression of MGE2 but not MGE1 restored the growth of E. coli grpE mutant cells at elevated temperatures, suggesting that MGE2 is more thermostable than MGE1. In this study, we directly compared the thermostability of the purified recombinant MGE1 and MGE2 by circular dichroism spectroscopy. The temperature midpoints of the unfolding transition (Tm) of MGE1 and MGE2 were about 38 and 46 {degrees}C, respectively, indicating that MGE2 is remarkably more stable than MGE1 at higher temperature. Domain swapping between the two homologous proteins showed that the N-terminal region, including an unstructured sequence and a long -helix domain, is the major determinant of the thermostability. Although MGE2 contains a conserved sequence derived from an exonized intron within the N-terminus unstructured region, deletion of this sequence did not substantially affect protein thermostability in vitro and complementation of E. coli and Arabidopsis heat sensitive mutants. Taken together, our results suggest that Arabidopsis MGE1 and MGE2 had diverged not only in transcriptional response but also in the thermostability of the encoded proteins, which may contribute to adaptation of plants to higher temperatures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.-t.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hung, M.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, S.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, T.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, R. P.- Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charng, Y.-y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/553503</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Divergence in Thermostability of Arabidopsis Mitochondrial Nucleotide Exchange Factors Encoded by Duplicate Genes, MGE1 and MGE2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/569806v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sterol-O acyltransferase 1 is inhibited by gga-miR-181a-5p and gga-miR-429-3p through the TGFβ pathway in endodermal epithelial cells of Japanese quail 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/569806v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nutrients are utilized and re-constructed by endodermal epithelial cells (EECs) in yolk sac membranes in avian species. Sterol-O acyltransferase 1 (SOAT1) is the key enzyme to convert cholesterol to cholesteryl ester for delivery to growing embryos. During development, absorption of yolk is matched with significant changes of SOAT1 mRNA and enzyme activity. miRNAs regulate angiogenesis and metabolism during mammalian development. However, the involvement of miRNAs in lipid utilization during avian embryogenesis remains ambiguous.nnUsing a miRNA sequencing technique, we found several candidate miRNAs and confirmed expression patterns with real time PCR. They were selected for as candidates targeting the receptor (TGF{beta} receptor type 1, TGFBR1) that may regulate SOAT1. Similar to SOAT1 mRNA accumulation, the gga-miR-181a-5p expression was gradually elevated during development, but the concentration of gga-miR-429-3p was in the opposite direction. Transfection with gga-miR-181a-5p or gga-miR-429-3p inhibited TGFBR1 and SOAT1 in EECs. The 3 untranslated region (3UTR) of TGFBR1 was then confirmed to be one of the targets of gga-miR-181a-5p and gga-miR-429-3p. Taken together, expression of miRNAs during embryonic development regulates SOAT1 expression by inhibiting the 3UTR of TGFBR1. This is indicative of possible regulation of avian yolk lipid utilization and modification of hatchability by changing miRNA expressions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mersmann, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, S.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/569806</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sterol-O acyltransferase 1 is inhibited by gga-miR-181a-5p and gga-miR-429-3p through the TGFβ pathway in endodermal epithelial cells of Japanese quail]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/578823v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Selection of a Malignant Subpopulation from a Colorectal Cancer Cell Line 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/578823v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of death from cancer worldwide. Thus, there is an emerging need for new experimental models that allow identification and validation of biomarkers for CRC-specific progression. In this study, we propose a repeated sphere-forming assay as a strategy to select a malignant subpopulation from a CRC line, HCT116. We validated our assay by confirming that three canonical stemness markers, Nanog, Oct4, and Lgr5, were up-regulated in the sphere state at every generation of the selection assay. The resulting line, after eight rounds of selection, exhibited an increased sphere-forming capacity in vitro and tumorgenicity in vivo. Furthermore, dipeptidase 1 (DPEP1) was identified as the major differentially expressed gene in the selected clone, and depletion of DPEP1 suppressed the elevated sphere-forming capacity in vitro and tumorgenicity in vivo. Overall, we have established an experimental strategy for the isolation of a malignant subpopulation from a CRC cell line. Results from our model also suggested that DPEP1 can serve as a promising prognostic biomarker for CRC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lai, P.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, T.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsiao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/578823</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Selection of a Malignant Subpopulation from a Colorectal Cancer Cell Line]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/579870v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evidence of extensive intraspecific noncoding reshuffling in a 169-kb mitochondrial genome of a basidiomycetous fungus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/579870v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Comparative genomics of fungal mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) have revealed a remarkable pattern of rearrangement between and within major phyla owing to horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and recombination. The role of recombination was exemplified at a finer evolutionary time scale in basidiomycetes group of fungi as they display a diversity of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) inheritance patterns. Here, we assembled mitogenomes of six species from the Hymenochaetales order of basidiomycetes and examined 59 mitogenomes from two genetic lineages of Pyrrhoderma noxium. Gene order is largely colinear while intergene regions are major determinants of mitogenome size variation. Substantial sequence divergence was found in shared introns consistent with high HGT frequency observed in yeasts, but we also identified a rare case where an intron was retained in five species since speciation. In contrast to the hyperdiversity observed in nuclear genomes of P. noxium, mitogenomes intraspecific polymorphisms at protein coding sequences are extremely low. Phylogeny based on introns revealed turnover as well as exchange of introns between two lineages. Strikingly, some strains harbor a mosaic origin of introns from both lineages. Analysis of intergenic sequence indicated substantial differences between and within lineages, and an expansion may be ongoing as a result of exchange between distal intergenes. These findings suggest that the evolution in mtDNAs is usually lineage specific but chimeric mitotypes are frequently observed, thus capturing the possible evolutionary processes shaping mitogenomes in a basidiomycete. The large mitogenome sizes reported in various basidiomycetes appear to be a result of interspecific reshuffling of intergenes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, H.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ke, H.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-Y. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, I. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/579870</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evidence of extensive intraspecific noncoding reshuffling in a 169-kb mitochondrial genome of a basidiomycetous fungus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/583450v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
variant2literature: full text literature search for genetic variants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/583450v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationWhole genome sequencing (WGS) by next-generation sequencing produces millions of variants for an individual. The retrieval of biomedical literature for such a large number of genetic variants remains challenging, because in many cases the variants are only present in tables as images, or in the supplementary documents of which the file formats are diverse.nnResultsThe proposed tool named variant2literature from the TaiGenomics (Toolkits for AI genomics) resolves the problem by incorporating text recognition with image processing. In addition to the adoption of advanced image-based text retrieval, the recall rate of finding the literature containing the variants of interest is further improved by employing the skill of variant normalization. Different variant presentations are transformed into chromosome coordinates (standard VCF format) such that false negatives can be largely avoided. variant2literature is available in two ways. First, a web-based interface is provided to search all the literature in PMC Open Access Subset. Second, the command-line executable can be downloaded such that the users are free to search all the files in a specified directory locally.nnAvailabilityhttp://variant2literature.taigenomics.com/nnContactchienyuchen@ntu.edu.tw
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, K.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Y.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, T.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, C.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, C.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chou, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, P.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, Y.-C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/583450</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[variant2literature: full text literature search for genetic variants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/584136v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A normative study of modified spatial context memory test in middle and older individuals 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/584136v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In view of the spatial context memory function of hippocampus complex region, we designed a modified spatial context memory test (SCMT) and try to early identify amnesic mild cognitive impairment.nnAll participants with non-dementia were recruited and divided 2 age groups (55-65 years and 66-75 years) and 3 education levels (6-9 years, 10-12 years and more than 12 years). The mini-mental state examination, visual associative memory test, visual construction retention test, and logical memory subtest of the Wechsler memory scale-III were used to evaluate the cognition state of the individuals. Spatial-context memory test version I with combination of a spatial memory paradigm and a real-life event included 3 subtests of navigation, scene-event association and people-object association.nnA total of 147 individuals were confirmed to be normal in cognition in the assessment of the neuropsychological test battery. Regardless of age or level of education, there was no significance in perseveration errors and the retrieval of learned-well navigation information. In the Scene-Event Association test, the subjects with a low level of education seemed to have relative difficulty to quickly classify new information and establish the effective cues to retrieval. The subjects with a high level of education, the performance of spatial-context memory were negative correlation to the age. In the People-Object association test, the subjects in all six groups made no perseveration errors, but older subjects required more time to retrieval, and this situation was more prominent in the subjects with high level education.nnWe establish a normal age- and education-adjusted SCMT score in the middle and elder individuals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kuo, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/584136</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A normative study of modified spatial context memory test in middle and older individuals]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/594416v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Acute decrease in plasma membrane tension induces macropinocytosis via PLD2 activation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/594416v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Internalization of macromolecules and membrane into cells through endocytosis is critical for cellular growth, signaling, and membrane tension homeostasis. Although endocytosis is responsive to both biochemical and physical stimuli, how physical cues modulate endocytic pathways is less understood. In contrary to the accumulating discoveries on effects of increased membrane tension on endocytosis, little is known about how a drop of tension impacts membrane trafficking. Here we reveal that acute reduction of plasma membrane tension results in phosphatidic acid, F-actin and dynamin 2-enriched dorsal membrane ruffling and subsequent macropinocytosis in myoblast. The membrane flaccidity-induced local phosphatidic acid production depends on phospholipase D2 (PLD2) that is activated via lipid raft disruption. Furthermore, the "membrane flaccidity-PLD2-macropinocytosis" pathway is dominant in myotube, reflecting a potential mechanism of membrane tension homeostasis upon intensive muscle stretching and relaxation. Together, we identify a new mechanotransduction pathway which converts acute tension drop into PA production and subsequently initiates macropinocytosis via actin and dynamin activities.nnSummaryWe reveal a mechanical induction of macropinocytosis that is elicited by acute decrease of plasma membrane tension, followed by lipid raft destabilization, PLD2 activation and PA production.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Loh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joseph, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuang, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, S.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, Y.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/594416</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Acute decrease in plasma membrane tension induces macropinocytosis via PLD2 activation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/599670v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bone regeneration in Ds-Red pig calvarial defect using allogenic transplantation of EGFP-pMSCs - a comparison of host cells and seeding cells in the scaffold 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/599670v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundCells, scaffolds, and factors are the triad of regenerative engineering; however, it is difficult to distinguish whether cells in the regenerative construct are from the seeded cells or host cells via the host blood supply. We performed a novel in vivo study to transplant enhanced green fluorescent pig mesenchymal stem cells (EGFP-pMSCs) into calvarial defect of DsRed pigs. The cell distribution and proportion were distinguished by the different fluorescent colors through the whole regenerative period.nnMethod/ResultsEight adult domestic Ds-Red pigs were treated with five modalities: empty defects without scaffold (group 1); defects [fi]lled only with scaffold (group 2); defects [fi]lled with osteoinduction medium-loaded scaffold (group 3); defects filled with 5 x 103 cells/scaffold (group 4); and defects filled with 5 x 104 cells/scaffold (group 5). The in vitro cell distribution, morphology, osteogenic differentiation, and [fl]uorescence images of groups 4 and 5 were analyzed. Two animals were sacri[fi]ced at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after transplantation. The in vivo [fl]uorescence imaging and quantification data showed that EGFP-pMSCs were represented in the scaffolds in groups 4 and 5 throughout the whole regenerative period. A higher seeded cell density resulted in more sustained seeded cells in bone regeneration compared to a lower seeded cell density. Host cells were recruited by seeded cells if enough space was available in the scaffold. Host cells in groups 1 to 3 did not change from the 1st week to 4th week, which indicates that the scaffold without seeded cells cannot recruit host cells even when enough space is available for cell ingrowth. The histological and immunohistochemical data showed that more cells were involved in osteogenesis in scaffolds with seeded cells.nnConclusionOur in vivo results showed that more seeded cells recruit more host cells and that both cell types participate in osteogenesis. These results suggest that scaffolds without seeded cells may not be effective in bone transplantation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, M.-k.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, X.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, T.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, P.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/599670</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bone regeneration in Ds-Red pig calvarial defect using allogenic transplantation of EGFP-pMSCs - a comparison of host cells and seeding cells in the scaffold]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/606228v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ADHD symptoms map onto noise-driven structure-function decoupling between hub and peripheral brain regions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/606228v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Adults with childhood-onset attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show altered whole-brain connectivity. However, the relationship between structural and functional brain abnormalities, the implications for the development of life-long debilitating symptoms, and the underlying mechanisms remain uncharted. We recruited a unique sample of 80 medication-naive adults with a clinical diagnosis of childhood-onset ADHD without psychiatric comorbidities, and 123 age-, sex-, and intelligence-matched healthy controls. Structural and functional connectivity matrices were derived from diffusion spectrum imaging and multi-echo resting-state functional MRI data. Hub, feeder, and local connections were defined using diffusion data. Individual-level measures of structural connectivity and structure-function coupling were used to contrast groups and link behavior to brain abnormalities. Computational modeling was used to test possible neural mechanisms underpinning observed group differences in the structure-function coupling. Structural connectivity did not significantly differ between groups but, relative to controls, ADHD showed a reduction in structure-function coupling in feeder connections linking hubs with peripheral regions. This abnormality involved connections linking fronto-parietal control systems with sensory networks. Crucially, lower structure-function coupling was associated with higher ADHD symptoms. Results from our computational model further suggest that the observed structure-function decoupling in ADHD is driven by heterogeneity in neural noise variability across brain regions. By highlighting a neural cause of a clinically meaningful breakdown in the structure-function relationship, our work provides novel information on the nature of chronic ADHD. The current results encourage future work assessing the genetic and neurobiological underpinnings of neural noise in ADHD, particularly in brain regions encompassed by fronto-parietal systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hearne, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanz-Leon, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tseng, W.-Y. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gau, S. S.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberts, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cocchi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/606228</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ADHD symptoms map onto noise-driven structure-function decoupling between hub and peripheral brain regions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/622696v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Plant A20/AN1 proteins coordinate different immune responses including RNAi pathway for antiviral immunity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/622696v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Salicylic acid (SA)-mediated immunity plays important roles in combating virus in plants. Two plant stress associated protein (SAPs) containing dual A20/AN1 zinc-finger domain were found to play important roles in SA-mediated immunity; however, detailed mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, another orchid homolog gene of Pha13, Pha21, was analyzed. Pha21 confers antiviral immunity in both transgenic orchid and Arabidopsis overexpressing Pha21. Expression of Pha21 is early-induced by SA treatment, and is involved in the expression of the orchid homolog of the master regulator NPR1. Pha21 but not Pha13 is involved in the expression of key RNAi-related genes, Dicer-like nuclease 4 (DCL4) and Argonaut 1 (AGO1) in orchids. The involvement of SAPs in expression of orchid DCL4 and AGO1 is not limited to orchid, as AtSAP5 also plays essential role in the expression of Arabidopsis DCL4 and AGO1. However, unlike Pha13 and AtSAP5, Pha21 does not play positive role in the expression of orchid homolog gene of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 1 (RdR1), an important gene in RNAi pathway. Pha21 can be found localized in the nucleus, and confers self-E3 ligase and ubiquitin binding activities. Functional domain analysis revealed that both A20 and AN1 domains of Pha21 are required for decreasing virus accumulation, and the AN1 domain plays a more important role in the expression of orchid DCL4. Collectively, our data suggests SA regulated SAPs play important roles in antiviral immunity and is involved in delicate regulation of key genes in RNAi-mediated pathway.nnIMPORTANCESalicylic acid (SA)-mediated antiviral immunity plays an important role to protect plants from virus infection; however, the detailed mechanisms remain elusive. We previously demonstrated that two plant A20/AN1 proteins, orchid Pha13 and Arabidopsis AtSAP5, function similarly and serve as an important hub to regulate SA-mediated antiviral immunity. In this study, we identified another orchid A20/AN1 protein, Pha21, which is involved in SA-mediated antiviral immunity. In contrast to Pha13 and AtSAP5, Pha21 plays minor negative roles in the expression of PhaRdR1 (orchid homolog of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 1). However, Pha21 and AtSAP5, but not Pha13, are involved in the expression of important players in RNAi pathway, Dicer-like nuclease 4 (DCL4) and Argonaut 1 (AGO1), in orchid and Arabidopsis. Our data demonstrates that plant A20/AN1 proteins are conserved players in SA-mediated antiviral resistance among plants, and provide links between the A20/AN1 proteins and the RNAi pathway.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, H.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiu, Y.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, D.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tzean, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, A.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, H.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/622696</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Plant A20/AN1 proteins coordinate different immune responses including RNAi pathway for antiviral immunity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/635631v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Stable species boundaries despite ten million years of hybridization in tropical eels 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/635631v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genomic evidence is increasingly underpinning that hybridization between taxa is commonplace, challenging our views on the mechanisms that maintain their boundaries. Here, we focus on seven catadromous eel species (genus Anguilla), and use genome-wide sequence data from more than 450 individuals sampled across the tropical Indo-Pacific, morphological information, and three newly assembled draft genomes to compare contemporary patterns of hybridization with signatures of past gene flow across a time-calibrated phylogeny. We show that the seven species have remained distinct entities for up to 10 million years, despite a dynamic scenario of incomplete isolation whereby the current frequencies of hybridization across species pairs (over 5% of all individuals were either F1 hybrids or backcrosses) contrast remarkably with patterns of past introgression. Based on near-complete asymmetry in the directionality of hybridization and decreasing frequencies of later-generation hybrids, we identify cytonuclear incompatibilities and hybrid breakdown as two powerful mechanisms that can support species cohesion even when hybridization has been pervasive throughout the evolutionary history of entire clades.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barth, J. M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gubili, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matschiner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torresen, O. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watanabe, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egger, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Y.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feunteun, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sommaruga, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jehle, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schabetsberger, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/635631</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Stable species boundaries despite ten million years of hybridization in tropical eels]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/641324v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RNASeqR: an R package for automated two-group RNA-Seq analysis workflow 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/641324v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RNA-Seq analysis has revolutionized researchers understanding of the transcriptome in biological research. Assessing the differences in transcriptomic profiles between tissue samples or patient groups enables researchers to explore the underlying biological impact of transcription. RNA-Seq analysis requires multiple processing steps and huge computational capabilities. There are many well-developed R packages for individual steps; however, there are few R/Bioconductor packages that integrate existing software tools into a comprehensive RNA-Seq analysis and provide fundamental end-to-end results in pure R environment so that researchers can quickly and easily get fundamental information in big sequencing data. To address this need, we have developed the open source R/Bioconductor package, RNASeqR. It allows users to run an automated RNA-Seq analysis with only six steps, producing essential tabular and graphical results for further biological interpretation. The features of RNASeqR include: six-step analysis, comprehensive visualization, background execution version, and the integration of both R and command-line software. RNASeqR provides fast, light-weight, and easy-to-run RNA-Seq analysis pipeline in pure R environment. It allows users to efficiently utilize popular software tools, including both R/Bioconductor and command-line tools, without predefining the resources or environments. RNASeqR is freely available for Linux and macOS operating systems from Bioconductor (https://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/RNASeqR.html).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chao, K.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsiao, Y.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, L.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, M.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, T.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuang, E. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/641324</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RNASeqR: an R package for automated two-group RNA-Seq analysis workflow]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/649103v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural Lipidomics and Molecular Imaging of C=C Positional Isomers Enabled by mCPBA Epoxidation with Tandem Mass Spectrometry 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/649103v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cellular lipidome is highly regulated through lipogenesis, rendering diverse double-bond positional isomers (C=C isomer) of a given unsaturated lipid species. In recent years, there are increasing reports indicating the physiological roles of C=C isomer compositions associated with diseases, while the biochemistry has not been fully understood due to the challenge in characterizing lipid isomers inherent to conventional mass spectrometry-based lipidomics. To address this challenge, we reported a universal, user-friendly, derivatization-based strategy, MELDI (mCPBA Epoxidation for Lipid Double-bond Identification), which enables both large-scale identification and spatial mapping of biological C=C isomers using commercial mass spectrometers without any instrument modification. With the developed liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) lipidomics workflow, we elucidated more than 100 isomers among mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids and glycerophospholipids in both human serum, where novel isomers of low abundance were unambiguously quantified for the first time. The capability of MELDI-LC-MS in lipidome analysis was further demonstrated using the differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes, providing an insight into the cellular lipid reprogramming upon stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1) inhibition. Finally, we highlighted the versatility of MELDI coupled with mass spectrometry imaging to spatially resolve cancer-associated alteration of lipid isomers in a metastatic mouse tissue section. Our results suggested that MELDI will contribute to current lipidomics pipelines with a deeper level of structural information, allowing us to investigate underlying lipid biochemistry.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kuo, T.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, H.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, T.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/649103</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural Lipidomics and Molecular Imaging of C=C Positional Isomers Enabled by mCPBA Epoxidation with Tandem Mass Spectrometry]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/657494v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High Spatial Resolution Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging Using Microscopy Image Fusion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/657494v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) using ambient ionization technique enables a direct chemical investigation of biological samples with minimal sample pretreatment. However, detailed morphological information of the sample is often lost due to its limited spatial resolution. In this study, predictive high-resolution molecular imaging was produced by the fusion of ambient ionization MSI with optical microscopy of routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining produces. Specifically, desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) and nanospray desorption electrospray ionization (nanoDESI) mass spectrometry are employed to visualize lipid and protein species on mice tissue sections. The resulting molecular distributions obtained by ambient ionization MSI-microscopy fusion are verified with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MSI and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. Label-free molecular imaging with 5-m spatial resolution can be acquired using DESI and nanoDESI, whereas the typical spatial resolution of ambient ionization MSI is ~100 m. In this regard, sharpened molecular histology of tissue sections is achieved, providing complementary references to the pathology. Such a multimodality integration enables the discovery of potential tumor biomarkers. After image fusion, more than a dozen of potential biomarkers that could be used to determine the tumor margins on a metastatic mouse lung tissue section and Luminal B breast tumor tissue section are identified.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, L.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, H.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, S.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, T.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/657494</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High Spatial Resolution Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging Using Microscopy Image Fusion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/666875v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Association Tests Using Copy Number Profile Curves (CONCUR) Enhances Power in Rare Copy Number Variant Analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/666875v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Copy number variants (CNVs) are the gain or loss of DNA segments in the genome that can vary in dosage and length. CNVs comprise a large proportion of variation in human genomes and impact health conditions. To detect rare CNV association, kernel-based methods have been shown to be a powerful tool because their flexibility in modeling the aggregate CNV effects, their ability to capture effects from different CNV features, and their ability to accommodate effect heterogeneity. To perform a kernel association test, a CNV locus needs to be defined so that locus-specific effects can be retained during aggregation. However, CNV loci are arbitrarily defined and different locus definitions can lead to different performance depending on the underlying effect patterns. In this work, we develop a new kernel-based test called CONCUR (i.e., Copy Number profile Curve-based association test) that is free from a definition of locus and evaluates CNV-phenotype association by comparing individuals copy number profiles across the genomic regions. CONCUR is built on the proposed concepts of "copy number profile curves" to describe the CNV profile of an individual, and the "common area under the curve (cAUC) kernel" to model the multi-feature CNV effects. Compared to existing methods, CONCUR captures the effects of CNV dosage and length, accounts for the continuous nature of copy number values, and accommodates between- and within-locus etiological heterogeneities without the need to define artificial CNV loci as required in current kernel methods. In a variety of simulation settings, CONCUR shows comparable and improved power over existing approaches. Real data analyses suggest that CONCUR is well powered to detect CNV effects in gene pathways associated with phenotypes using data from the Swedish Schizophrenia Study and the Taiwan Biobank.nnAuthor summaryCopy number variants comprise a large proportion of variation in human genomes. Large rare CNVs, especially those disrupting genes or changing the dosages of genes, can carry relatively strong risks for neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. Kernel-based association methods have been developed for the analysis of rare CNVs and shown to be a valuable tool. Kernel methods model the collective effect of rare CNVs using flexible kernel functions that capture the characteristics of CNVs and measure CNV similarity of individual pairs. Typically kernels are created by summarizing similarity within an artificially defined "CNV locus" and then collapsing across all loci. In this work, we propose a new kernel-based test, CONCUR, that is based on the CNV location information contained in standard processing of the variants and removes the need for any arbitrarily defined CNV loci. CONCUR quantifies similarity between individual pairs as the common area under their copy number profile curves and is designed to detect CNV dosage, length and dosage-length interaction effects. In simulation studies and real data analysis, we demonstrate the ability of CONCUR test to detect CNV effects under diverse CNV architectures with power and robustness over existing methods.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brucker, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marceau West, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Q.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsiao, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsiao, T.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magnusson, P. K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sullivan, P. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szatkiewicz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, T.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tzeng, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/666875</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Association Tests Using Copy Number Profile Curves (CONCUR) Enhances Power in Rare Copy Number Variant Analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/685172v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of type 2 diabetes loci in 433,540 East Asian individuals 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/685172v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified >240 loci associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), however most loci have been identified in analyses of European-ancestry individuals. To examine T2D risk in East Asian individuals, we meta-analyzed GWAS data in 77,418 cases and 356,122 controls. In the main analysis, we identified 298 distinct association signals at 178 loci, and across T2D association models with and without consideration of body mass index and sex, we identified 56 loci newly implicated in T2D predisposition. Common variants associated with T2D in both East Asian and European populations exhibited strongly correlated effect sizes. New associations include signals in/near GDAP1, PTF1A, SIX3, ALDH2, a microRNA cluster, and genes that affect muscle and adipose differentiation. At another locus, eQTLs at two overlapping T2D signals act through two genes, NKX6-3 and ANK1, in different tissues. Association studies in diverse populations identify additional loci and elucidate disease genes, biology, and pathways.nnType 2 diabetes (T2D) is a common metabolic disease primarily caused by insufficient insulin production and/or secretion by the pancreatic {beta} cells and insulin resistance in peripheral tissues1. Most genetic loci associated with T2D have been identified in populations of European (EUR) ancestry, including a recent meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of nearly 900,000 individuals of European ancestry that identified >240 loci influencing the risk of T2D2. Differences in allele frequency between ancestries affect the power to detect associations within a population, particularly among variants rare or monomorphic in one population but more frequent in another3,4. Although smaller than studies in European populations, a recent T2D meta-analysis in almost 200,000 Japanese individuals identified 28 additional loci4. The relative contributions of different pathways to the pathophysiology of T2D may also differ between ancestry groups. For example, in East Asian (EAS) populations, T2D prevalence is greater than in European populations among people of similar body mass index (BMI) or waist circumference5. We performed the largest meta-analysis of East Asian individuals to identify new genetic associations and provide insight into T2D pathogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Spracklen, C. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horikoshi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bragg, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suzuki, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tam, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tabara, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwak, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takeuchi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chai, J.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakatochi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iyengar, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perrin, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brotman, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van de Bunt, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gloyn, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Below, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boehnke, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowden, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chambers, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahajan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCarthy, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petty, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adair, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bian, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, L.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chee, M.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-D. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuang, L.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon-Larsen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gross, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/685172</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of type 2 diabetes loci in 433,540 East Asian individuals]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/714501v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Retroconversion of estrogens into androgens by bacteria via a cobalamin-mediated methylation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/714501v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Steroid estrogens modulate physiology and development of vertebrates. Biosynthesis of C18 estrogens from C19 androgens by the O2-dependent aromatase is thought to be irreversible. Here, we report a denitrifying Denitratisoma sp. strain DHT3 capable of catabolizing estrogens or androgens anaerobically. Strain DHT3 genome contains a polycistronic gene cluster emtABCD differentially transcribed under estrogen-fed conditions. emtABCD encodes a cobalamin-dependent methyltransferase system conserved among estrogen-utilizing anaerobes; emtA-disrupted strain DHT3 can catabolize androgens but not estrogens. These data, along with the observed androgen production in estrogen-fed strain DHT3 cultures, indicate the occurrence of a cobalamin-mediated estrogen methylation to form androgens. Consistently, the estrogen conversion into androgens in strain DHT3 cell-extracts requires methylcobalamin and is inhibited by propyl-iodide, a specific inhibitor of cobalamin-dependent enzymes. The identification of the cobalamin-mediated estrogen methylation thus represents an unprecedented metabolic link between cobalamin and steroid metabolism and suggests that retroconversion of estrogens into androgens occurs in the biosphere.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, S. T.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, T.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, T.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, Y.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/714501</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Retroconversion of estrogens into androgens by bacteria via a cobalamin-mediated methylation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/714907v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
cis dominantly explains regulatory divergence between two indica rice genotypes; drought further enhances regulatory differences 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/714907v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Abstract cis and/or trans regulatory divergence within or between related taxa on a genome-wide scale has been largely unexamined in crops, more so, the effect of stress on cis/trans architecture. In this study, the indica genotypes IR64, an elite drought-susceptible lowland variety, and Apo (IR55423-01 or NSIC RC9), a moderate drought-tolerant upland genotype together with their hybrid (IR64 x Apo) were exposed to non- and water-stress conditions. Evidence of cis and/or trans regulatory differences was tested between these two indica rice genotypes. By sequencing (RNA-seq) the parents and their hybrid, we are able to map genes diverging in cis and/or trans factors between the two genotypes. Under non-stress conditions, cis dominantly explains (11.2%) regulatory differences, followed by trans (8.9%). Further analysis showed that water-limiting conditions largely affect trans and cis + trans factors. Between the two inbred lines, Apo appears to exhibit higher expression fold change of genes enriched in "response to stress" and "photosynthesis" under non- and water-stress conditions. On the molecular level, cis and/or trans regulatory divergence explains their genotypic differences and differential drought response. Parent-hybrid RNA-seq has the potential to identify genes diverging in cis and/or trans factors even between intra-sub-specifically related genotypes. By comparing cis/trans landscape under stressed and unstressed conditions, this approach has the ability to assess the impact of drought on gene expression. Computational analysis and association of several drought-yield QTL markers with cis-diverging genes provide converging evidences suggestive of a potential approach to identify trait-associated candidate genes using hybrids and their parents alone.

Key Messagecis dominantly explains divergence of two indica rice genotypes, IR64 and Apo under normal conditions while trans and cis + trans regulatory factors are largely affected by drought
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ereful, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.-y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kao, S.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laurena, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenland, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Powell, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mackay, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leung, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/714907</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[cis dominantly explains regulatory divergence between two indica rice genotypes; drought further enhances regulatory differences]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/734046v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of Escherichia coli ClpAP in regulating susceptibility to type VI secretion system-mediated attack by Agrobacterium tumefaciens 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/734046v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Type VI secretion system (T6SS) is an effector delivery system used by gram-negative bacteria to kill other bacteria or eukaryotic host to gain fitness. In Agrobacterium tumefaciens, T6SS has been shown to kill other bacteria such as Escherichia coli. Interestingly, the A. tumefaciens T6SS killing efficiency differs when using different E. coli strains as recipient cells. Thus, we hypothesize that a successful T6SS killing not only relies on attacker T6SS activity but also depends on recipient factors. A high-throughput interbacterial competition assay was employed to test the hypothesis by screening for mutants with reduced killing outcomes caused by A. tumefaciens strain C58. From the 3909 E. coli Keio mutants screened, 16 candidate mutants were filtered out. One strain, {Delta}clpP::Kan, showed ten times more resistant to T6SS-mediating killing but restored its susceptibility when complemented with clpP in trans. ClpP is a universal and highly conserved protease that exists in both prokaryotes and eukaryotic organelles. In E. coli, ClpP uses either ClpA or ClpX as an adaptor for substrate specificity. Therefore, the susceptibility of the {Delta}clpA::Kan and {Delta}clpX::Kan was also tested. The T6SS attack susceptibility of {Delta}clpA::Kan is at the same level as {Delta}clpP::Kan, while {Delta}clpX::Kan showed no difference as compared to that of wild-type E. coli BW25113. The data also suggest that ClpA-ClpP interaction, rather than its protease activity, is responsible for enhancing susceptibility to T6SS killing. This study highlights the importance of recipient factors in determining the outcome of T6SS killing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, H.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sriramoju, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, S.-T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, E.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/734046</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of Escherichia coli ClpAP in regulating susceptibility to type VI secretion system-mediated attack by Agrobacterium tumefaciens]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/740837v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Massive parallel variant characterization identifies NUDT15 alleles associated with thiopurine toxicity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/740837v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
As a prototype of genomics-guided precision medicine, individualized thiopurine dosing based on pharmacogenetics is a highly effective way to mitigate hematopoietic toxicity of this class of drugs. Recently, NUDT15 deficiency was identified as a novel genetic cause of thiopurine toxicity, and NUDT15-informed preemptive dose reduction is quickly adopted in clinical settings. To exhaustively identify pharmacogenetic variants in this gene, we developed massively parallel NUDT15 function assays to determine variants effect on protein abundance and thiopurine cytotoxicity. Of the 3,097 possible missense variants, we characterized the abundance of 2,922 variants and found 54 hotspot residues at which variants resulted in complete loss of protein stability. Analyzing 2,935 variants in the thiopurine cytotoxicity-based assay, we identified 17 additional residues where variants altered NUDT15 activity without affecting protein stability. We identified structural elements key to NUDT15 stability and/or catalytical activity with single amino-acid resolution. Functional effects for NUDT15 variants accurately predicted toxicity risk alleles in 2,398 patients treated with thiopurines, with 100% sensitivity and specificity, in contrast with poor performance of bioinformatic prediction algorithms. In conclusion, our massively parallel variant function assays identified 1,103 deleterious NUDT15 variants, providing a comprehensive reference of variant function and vastly improving the ability to implement pharmacogenetics-guided thiopurine treatment individualization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Suiter, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moriyama, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matreyek, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scaletti, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nishii, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoshitsuki, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trehan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parish, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhojwani, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuen, L. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.-k.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.-h.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.-l.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodhand, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kennedy, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klussmann, F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhatia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Relling, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kato, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hori, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhatia, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmad, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoeh, A. E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stenmark, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fowler, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/740837</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Massive parallel variant characterization identifies NUDT15 alleles associated with thiopurine toxicity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/745562v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Application of non-invasive low-intensity pulsed electric field with thermal cycling-hyperthermia for synergistically enhanced anticancer effect of chlorogenic acid on PANC-1 cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/745562v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most existing cancer treatments involve high-cost chemotherapy and radiotherapy, with major side effects, prompting effort to develop alternative treatment modalities. In this study, we propose a novel non-invasive treatment calling for exposure of cells to CGA, coupled with thermal-cycling hyperthermia (TC-HT) and low-intensity pulsed electric field (LIPEF). The study finds that this triple combination can significantly impede the proliferation of human pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells, with only about 20% viable cells left after 24h, whereas being non-toxic to normal cells. The synergistic activity against the PANC-1 cells was achieved by inducing G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis, which were associated with up-regulation of p53 and coupled with increased expression of downstream proteins p21 and Bax. Further mechanism investigations revealed that the cytotoxic activity could be related to mitochondrial apoptosis, characterized by the reduced level of Bcl-2, mitochondrial dysfunction, and sequential activation of caspase-9 and PARP. Also, we found that the triple treatment led to the increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Notably, the triple treatment-induced cytotoxic effects and the elevated expression of p53 and p21 proteins as well as the increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, all could be alleviated by the ROS scavenger, N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC). These findings indicate that the combination of CGA, TC-HT, and LIPEF may be a promising modality for cancer treatment, as it can induce p53-dependent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through accumulation of ROS in PANC-1 cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lu, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, G.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/745562</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Application of non-invasive low-intensity pulsed electric field with thermal cycling-hyperthermia for synergistically enhanced anticancer effect of chlorogenic acid on PANC-1 cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/752519v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fucosyltransferase 4 shapes oncogenic glycoproteome to drive metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/752519v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aberrant fucosylation plays a critical role in lung cancer progression. Identification of the key fucosyltransferase as a therapeutic target may refine lung cancer management. Here, we identified a terminal 1,3-fucosyltransferase, FUT4, as the key prognostic predictor for lung adenocarcinoma through transcriptomic screens in lung cancer cohorts. Overexpression of FUT4 promotes lung cancer invasion, migration and cell adhesion in vitro and provokes distant metastases in mouse xenograft models. RNA-seq and glycoproteomics analyses revealed that FUT4 mediates aberrant fucosylation of intracellular transport and signal transduction proteins, which facilitates concurrent transcriptional activation of multiple cellular processes, including membrane trafficking, cell cycle, and major oncogenic signaling pathways. Notably, knockdown of FUT4 markedly curtailed lung colonization and distant metastases of lung cancer cells in mouse xenograft models. In addition, the metastatic phenotype provoked by FUT4-mediated fucosylproteomic networks can be diminished by targeted pathway inhibitors. Collectively, FUT4 represents a promising therapeutic target in lung cancer metastasis. Our data highlight the potentials for integration of glycomics into precision medicine-based therapeutics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lu, H.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weng, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juan, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, H.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hung, Z.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oswita, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shih, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, C.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/752519</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fucosyltransferase 4 shapes oncogenic glycoproteome to drive metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/767525v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CaMKII oxidation is a performance/disease trade-off in vertebrate evolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/767525v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to health and disease. CaMKII is a widely expressed enzyme whose activation by oxidation of regulatory domain methionines (ox-CaMKII) contributes to cardiovascular disease, asthma, and cancer. Here we integrate comparative genomic and experimental data to show that CaMKII activation by ROS arose more than half-a-billion years ago on the vertebrate stem lineage where it constituted a bridge between ROS and increased intracellular Ca2+ release, exercise responsive gene transcription, and improved performance in skeletal muscle. These enhancements to fight-or-flight physiology were likely key in facilitating a well-evidenced shift in the behavioural ecology of our immediate chordate ancestors, and, in turn, the evolutionary success of vertebrates. Still, the ox-CaMKII innovation for augmenting performance must be considered a critical evolutionary trade-off, as it rendered us more susceptible to common and often fatal diseases linked to excessive ROS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez-Ochoa, E. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Viswanathan, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blum, I. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Granger, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, A.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aja, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antonescu, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Florea, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Talbot, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohr, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Regot, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lovering, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cammarato, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schneider, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bever, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/767525</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CaMKII oxidation is a performance/disease trade-off in vertebrate evolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/768945v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Trend of Suicide Reporting in the Media: an Effectiveness Study of Daily Surveillance over Nine Years 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/768945v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Inadequate suicide reports can cause copycat suicide attempts, but legal regulations for the media are rarely seen worldwide. In Taiwan, daily media surveillance with immediate feedback to correct inappropriate reports has been an interactive policy in the national suicide prevention strategy for a decade. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of current surveillance program via assessing the adherence rates with 12-item WHO responsible reporting guideline in print newspapers (2010-2018) and online media (2017-2018). The results showed that media reporting of suicide significantly improved in most guideline items under surveillance. But the development of psychiatric-media liaisons should further improve reporting quality.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, M.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, S.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, C.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/768945</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Trend of Suicide Reporting in the Media: an Effectiveness Study of Daily Surveillance over Nine Years]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/775940v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Coconut inflorescence sap mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and its diverse antimicrobial properties 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/775940v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) involves the use of diverse extracts of biological origin as substrates to synthesize nanoparticles and can overcome the hazards associated with chemical methods. Coconut inflorescence sap, which is unfermented phloem sap obtained by tapping of coconut inflorescence, is a rich source of sugars and secondary metabolites. In this study, coconut inflorescence sap was used to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). We have initially undertaken metabolomic profiling of coconut inflorescence sap from West Coast Tall cultivar to delineate its individual components. Secondary metabolites constituted the major portion of the inflorescence sap along with sugars, lipids and, peptides. The concentration of silver nitrate, inflorescence sap and incubation temperature for synthesis of AgNPs were optimized. Incubating the reaction mixture at 40{degrees}C was found to enhance AgNP synthesis. The AgNPs synthesized were characterized using UV-Visible spectrophotometry, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Antimicrobial property of AgNP was tested in tissue culture of arecanut (Areca catechu L.) where bacterial contamination (Bacillus pumilus) was a frequent occurrence. Significant reduction in the contamination was observed when plantlets were treated with aqueous solutions of 0.01, 0.02 and 0.03% of AgNPs for one hour. Notably, treatment with AgNPs did not affect growth and development of the arecanut plantlets. Cytotoxicity of AgNPs was quantified in HeLa cells. Viability (%) of HeLa cells declined significantly at 10 ppm concentration of AgNP and complete mortality was observed at 60 ppm. Antimicrobial properties of AgNPs synthesized from inflorescence sap were also evaluated and confirmed in human pathogenic bacteria viz., Salmonella sp., Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Escherichia coli. The study concludes that unfermented inflorescence sap, with above neutral pH, serves as an excellent reducing agent to synthesize AgNPs from Ag+.nnO_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=177 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/775940v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">nView larger version (64K):norg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@3c3f1forg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1540f6borg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1c069aborg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@159772c_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG Graphical abstractnnC_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>MK, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>K.S., M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nair, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>B, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>TM, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>KP, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>K, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hallur, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prasad, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandran, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>KB, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karun, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/775940</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Coconut inflorescence sap mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and its diverse antimicrobial properties]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/790519v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interplay between Desmoglein2 and hypoxia controls intravasation and circulating tumor cell clustering in breast cancer metastasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/790519v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metastasis is the major cause of cancer death. An increased level of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), metastatic cancer cells that have intravasated into the circulatory system, is particularly associated with colonization of distant organs and poor prognosis. However, the key factors required for tumor cell dissemination and colonization remain elusive. We found that high expression of Desmoglein2 (DSG2), a component of desmosome-mediated intercellular adhesion complexes, promoted tumor growth, increased the prevalence of CTC clusters and facilitated distant organ colonization. The dynamic regulation of DSG2 by hypoxia was key to this process as downregulation of DSG2 in hypoxic regions of primary tumors led to elevated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) gene expression, allowing cells to detach from the primary tumor and undergo intravasation. Subsequent derepression of DSG2 after intravasation and release of hypoxic stress was associated with an increased ability to colonize distant organs. This dynamic regulation of DSG2 was mediated by Hypoxia-Induced Factor1 (HIF1). In contrast to its more widely observed function to promote expression of hypoxia-inducible genes, HIF1 repressed DSG2 by recruitment of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 components, EZH2 and SUZ12, to the DSG2 promoter in hypoxic cells. Consistent with our experimental data, DSG2 expression level correlated with poor prognosis and recurrence risk in breast cancer patients. Together, these results demonstrated the importance of DSG2 expression in metastasis and revealed a new mechanism by which hypoxia drives metastasis.

Significance StatementDuring metastasis, hypoxia is a major force driving primary tumor cells to disseminate into the circulatory system. The key factors that promote circulating tumor cells (CTC) dissemination and allow them to successfully colonize distal sites are still incompletely known. We found that downregulation of DSG2 in hypoxic tumor allowed single tumor cell dissemination while DSG2 expressing tumors generated more CTC clusters. Re-induction of DSG2 expression in single CTCs may contribute to CTC survival and colonization in distant organs. These findings highlight the importance of DSG2 in breast cancer progression and metastasis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chang, P.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, Y.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, P.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeng, Y.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwang-Verslues, W. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/790519</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interplay between Desmoglein2 and hypoxia controls intravasation and circulating tumor cell clustering in breast cancer metastasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/797647v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human CST complex protects replication fork stability by directly blocking MRE11 degradation of nascent strand DNA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/797647v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Degradation and collapse of stalled replication forks are main sources of genome instability, yet the molecular mechanism for protecting forks from degradation/collapse is not well understood. Here, we report that human CST (CTC1-STN1-TEN1), a single-stranded DNA binding protein complex, localizes at stalled forks and protects forks from MRE11 nuclease degradation upon replication perturbation. CST deficiency causes nascent strand degradation, ssDNA accumulation after fork stalling, and delay in replication recovery, leading to cellular sensitivity to fork stalling agents. Purified CST binds to 5 overhangs and directly blocks MRE11 degradation in vitro, and the DNA binding ability of CST is required for blocking MRE11-mediated nascent strand degradation. Finally, we uncover that CST and BRCA2 form non-overlapping foci upon fork stalling, and CST inactivation is synthetic with BRCA2 deficiency in inducing genome instability. Collectively, our findings identify CST as an important fork protector to preserve genome integrity under replication perturbation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lyu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, K.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shiva, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chastain, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chai, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/797647</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human CST complex protects replication fork stability by directly blocking MRE11 degradation of nascent strand DNA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/802215v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Diversification of metazoan Kexin-like proprotein convertases: insights from the leech Helobdella 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/802215v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intercellular communication is quintessential for multicellularity and often mediated by secreted peptide ligands. In Metazoa, proprotein convertases are a major class of endoproteases partaking in the proteolytic processing of these ligands, which is in turn required for their signaling activities. In vertebrates, the best-studied convertase substrates are neuropeptides, peptide hormones, and members of the TGF{beta}/BMP-family. Each ligand is processed by a particular subset of convertases. Therefore, the diversification of convertases may have contributed to the growing complexity of cellular communication in metazoan evolution. However, proprotein convertases have not been systematically explored in Metazoa. Here, we sampled the representative metazoan genomes and established that six Kexin-like proprotein convertases were present in the last common ancestor of protostomes and deuterostomes. Among these, we identified a novel PCSKX orthologous group (OG) that was lost in vertebrates. Spiralian protosomes have, in general, maintained all six OGs. Therefore, we characterized the functional divergence of the Kexin-like OGs in the leech Helobdella, an experimentally tractable spiralian. Gene expression patterns suggested that PCSK1 and PCSK2 are specialized for the processing of neuropeptides and peptide hormones in bilaterians and that the newly identified PCSKX is probably functionally similar to furin and PCSK7. Finally, we showed that, distinct from the BMP morphogen in vertebrate embryos, the convertase-mediated proteolytic cleavage is not required for the short-range BMP signaling in the dorsoventral patterning of leech ectoderm. Together, our data revealed the complexity of the Kexin-like proprotein convertase gene family and their roles in generating diverse patterns of cellular communication in Metazoa.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tao, W.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weisblat, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, D.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/802215</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Diversification of metazoan Kexin-like proprotein convertases: insights from the leech Helobdella]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/803353v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Heterochronically expressed midline netrin was recruited to guide mesoderm migration in epibolic gastrulation of the leech 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/803353v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Netrin is a remarkably conserved midline landmark, serving as a chemotactic factor that organizes the bilateral neural architecture in the post-gastrula bilaterian embryos. Netrin signal also guides cell migration in many other neural and non-neural organogenesis events in later developmental stages, but it has never been before found to participate in gastrulation - the earliest cell migration in metazoan embryogenesis. Here, we found that netrin signaling molecules and their receptors are expressed during gastrulation of the leech Helobdella. Intriguigly, Hau-netrin-1 was expressed in the N lineage, the precursor of ventral ectoderm, at the onset of gastrulation. We demonstrated that the N lineage is required for the entrance of mesoderm into the germinal band and that misexpression of Hau-netrin-1 in early gastrulation prevented mesoderm from entering the germinal band. Together, these results suggested that Hau-netrin-1 secreted by the N lineage guides mesoderm migration during germinal band assembly. Furthermore, ectopic expression of Hau-netrin-1 after the completion of germinal band assembly disrupted the epibolic migration of the germinal bands in a later stage of gastrulation. Thus, Hau-netrin-1 is likely involved in two distinct events in sequential stages of leech gastrulation: the assembly of germinal bands in early gastrulation and their epibolic migration in mid-gastrulation. This mode of gastrulation as observed in the leech is apomorphic for clitellate annelids. We postulated that a heterochronic shift of netrin gene expression in the clitellate ancestor might have facilitated the evolutionary emergence of a novel form of gastrulation in this lineage.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, D.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/803353</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Heterochronically expressed midline netrin was recruited to guide mesoderm migration in epibolic gastrulation of the leech]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/807586v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Characterizing the Cancer-Associated Microbiome with Small RNA Sequencing Data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/807586v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The microbiome is recognized as a quasi-organ in the human body. In particular, the gut microbiome is correlated with immune function, metabolism, and tumorigenesis. When dysbiosis of the microbiome occurs, this variation may contribute to alterations in the microenvironment, potentially inducing an inflammatory immune response and providing a niche for neoplastic growth. However, there is limited evidence regarding the correlation and interaction between the microbiome and tumorigenesis. By utilizing microRNA sequencing data of patients with colon and rectal cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas, we designed a novel analytical process to extract non-human small RNA sequences and align them with the microbial genome to obtain a comprehensive view of the cancer-associated microbiome. In the present study, we identified > 1000 genera among 630 colorectal samples and clustered these samples into three distinctive colorectal enterotypes. Each cluster has its own distinctive microbial composition and interactions. Furthermore, we found 12 genera from these clusters that are associated with cancer stages and revealed their putative functions. Our results indicate that the proposed analytical approach can effectively determine the cancer-associated microbiome. It may be readily applied to explore other types of cancer, in which specimens of the microbiome are difficult to collect.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, W.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juan, H.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/807586</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Characterizing the Cancer-Associated Microbiome with Small RNA Sequencing Data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/810176v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrating ensemble systems biology feature selection and bimodal deep neural network for breast cancer prognosis prediction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/810176v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationBreast cancer is a heterogeneous disease. In order to guide proper treatment decisions for each individual patient, there is an urgent need for robust prognostic biomarkers that allow reliable prognosis prediction. Gene feature selection on microarray data is an approach to systematically discover potential biomarkers. However, common pure-statistical feature selection approaches often fail to incorporate prior biological knowledge and thus tend to select genes that lack biological insights. In addition, due to the high dimensionality and low sample size properties of microarray data, selecting robust gene features is an intrinsically challenging problem. We therefore combined systems biology feature selection with ensemble learning in this study, aiming to address the above challenges and select genes with biological insights, as well as robust prognostic predictive power. Moreover, in order to capture the complex molecular processes of breast cancer, where multiple disease-contributing genes may exist and interact, we adopted a multi-gene approach to predict the prognosis status using machine learning classifiers.nnResultsWe systematically evaluated three different ensemble approaches that all improved the original systems biology feature selector. We found that compared to the most popular data-perturbation approach, function perturbation can produce significant improvement with just a few ensembles. Among all, the hybrid ensemble approach led to the most robust feature selection result, and the identified genes were shown to be highly involved in pathways, such as ubiquitination and cell cycle. Final prognosis prediction models were constructed using the identified genes and clinical information as input features. Among all models, bimodal deep neural network (DNN) achieved the highest AUC (area under receiver operating characteristic curve) in test performance evaluation, where subsequent survival analysis also verified its ability to differentiate patients with different prognosis statuses. In summary, the study demonstrated the potential of ensemble learning to improve gene feature selection robustness, as well as the potential of bimodal DNN in providing reliable prognosis prediction and guiding precision medicine.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cheng, L.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/810176</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrating ensemble systems biology feature selection and bimodal deep neural network for breast cancer prognosis prediction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/822411v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Long-read bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) genome and the genomic architecture of domestication 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/822411v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) is a vegetable and medicinal plant of the family Cucurbitaceae. Here we report a chromosome-level assembly, with highest contig N50 (close to 10 Mb) and proportion of sequences placed on chromosomes (96%) in Cucurbitaceae. Population resequencing revealed the divergence between wild and cultivars at about 6000 years ago. Different cultivar groups have distinct allelic compositions in loci associated with domestication traits, suggesting phenotypic changes were achieved by allele frequency shifts in independent loci. Noticeably, one candidate locus for fruit size locates within a region missing from a recent Illumina-based assembly. Despite breeding efforts to increase female flower proportion, the gynoecy locus exhibits high variation within and low differentiation between wild and cultivar groups, likely because artificial directional selection could not overwhelm natural balancing selection. Our study provides resources to further investigate the genetic architecture of bitter gourd as well highlights the importance of a well-assembled genome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Matsumura, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsiao, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toyoda, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taniai, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tarora, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Urasaki, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anand, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dhillon, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schafleitner, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/822411</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Long-read bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) genome and the genomic architecture of domestication]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/827881v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chromatin organization in early land plants reveals an ancestral association between H3K27me3, transposons, and constitutive heterochromatin 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/827881v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome packaging by nucleosomes is a hallmark of eukaryotes. Histones and the pathways that deposit, remove, and read histone modifications are deeply conserved. Yet, we lack information regarding chromatin landscapes in extant representatives of ancestors of the main groups of eukaryotes and our knowledge of the evolution of chromatin related processes is limited. We used the bryophyte Marchantia polymorpha, which diverged from vascular plants 400 Mya, to obtain a whole chromosome genome assembly and explore the chromatin landscape and three-dimensional organization of the genome of early land plants. Based on genomic profiles of ten chromatin marks, we conclude that the relationship between active marks and gene expression is conserved across land plants. In contrast, we observed distinctive features of transposons and repeats in Marchantia compared with flowering plants. Silenced transposons and repeats did not accumulate around centromeres, and a significant proportion of transposons were marked by H3K27me3, which is otherwise dedicated to the transcriptional repression of protein coding genes in flowering plants. Chromatin compartmentalization analyses of Hi-C data revealed that chromatin regions belonging to repressed heterochromatin were densely decorated with H3K27me3 but not H3K9 or DNA methylation as reported in flowering plants. We conclude that in early plants, H3K27me3 played an essential role in heterochromatin function, suggesting an ancestral role of this mark in transposon silencing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Montgomery, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanizawa, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galik, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ito, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mochizuki, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akimcheva, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cognat, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drouard, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ekker, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Houng, S.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kohchi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, S.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.-Y. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakamura, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valeeva, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shakirov, E. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shippen, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, W.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yagura, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamaoka, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamato, K. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berger, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/827881</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chromatin organization in early land plants reveals an ancestral association between H3K27me3, transposons, and constitutive heterochromatin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/855551v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sustained modulation of emotion-related fibers after 8 weeks of mindfulness-based stress reduction training 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/855551v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
An 8-week mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program enables novices to learn and practice mindfulness meditation. A longitudinal study design has been used in prior research to investigate the effect of short-term mindfulness meditation training on brain structures. Many studies have demonstrated microstructural changes in the white matter by comparing baseline measurements with measurements obtained immediately after short-term meditation training. However, these studies did not clarify the evolution of the modulated microstructures several months after mindfulness meditation practice is discontinued. Therefore, in this study, we recruited 13 novice practitioners and administered an 8-week MBSR training program. We extended the span of the longitudinal study by adding a third measurement taken approximately 6 months after the second time point. Diffusion indices derived from diffusion spectrum imaging were used to quantify the temporal changes in modulation across three time points. The analysis identified four tract bundles that were significantly modulated after the 8-week MBSR training program, namely the callosal fibers connecting the bilateral amygdalae and bilateral hippocampi, right thalamic radiation of the auditory nerve, and right uncinate fasciculus. At the third time point, at which the participants had discontinued practice for approximately 6 months, the diffusion indices of the four tract bundles still presented a significant difference compared with the baseline. Our results indicate that the modulation of microstructural properties of the white matter tract induced by the 8-week MBSR program was sustained after completion of the program and support that neuroplasticity in brain connection persists after the discontinuation of meditation training.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shih, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, T.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, S.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, D.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tseng, W.-Y. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/855551</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sustained modulation of emotion-related fibers after 8 weeks of mindfulness-based stress reduction training]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.31.928705v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Contrasting species functional trait structuring of subarctic versus subtropical copepod communities 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.31.928705v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Classic niche theory assumes that species-level functional traits affect species relative fitness and thus community structuring, but empirical tests of this assumption are scarce. Moreover, recent evidence shows increasing functional over-redundancy towards the tropics, suggesting that the extent to which functional traits confer species fitness and thus impact community structuring differs across latitudes. Here, we develop a new method: comparing the frequencies of trait categories in the species-rank abundance distributions of local communities versus their frequencies in the regional average species pool. We contrasted subarctic versus subtropical copepod communities for six important traits. In subarctic communities, medium-sized and cold-water species are selected to dominate, thus traits affect relative fitness as predicted by classic niche theory. In subtropical communities, most species are small and warm-water, but these categories are not selected to dominate, suggesting that greater diversity towards the tropics results from lesser trait-based fitness differences allowing more species to coexist.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Comas, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, C.-h.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiba, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sugisaki, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hashioka, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.928705</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Contrasting species functional trait structuring of subarctic versus subtropical copepod communities]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.01.972448v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Canonical Wnt signaling Is Involved in Anterior Regeneration of the Annelid Aeolosoma viride 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.01.972448v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Annelids are regenerative animals, but the underlying mechanisms await to be discovered. Because Wnt pathway is involved in animal regeneration to varying extents, we used Aeolosoma viride to interrogate whether and how this pathway plays a role in annelid anterior regeneration. We found that the expression of wnt4, {beta}-catenin and nuclear-localized {beta}-catenin protein were up-regulated during blastemal formation and down-regulated as anterior structures gradually reformed. Consistent with potential Wnt activities in the blastema, treatments with either Wnt pathway activator (azakenpaullone) or inhibitor (XAV939) inhibited head regeneration, which further supports a role of Wnt pathway during anterior regeneration. Detailed tissue-level examines demonstrated that wound closure and blastemal cell proliferation were impaired by over-activating the pathway, and that neuronal and musculature differentiation were affected under Wnt inhibition. Combined, gene expression and chemical inhibitor data suggest the presence of dynamic Wnt activities at different anterior regeneration stages: an initial low activity may be required for wound closure, and the following activation may signal blastemal formation and cell differentiation. In a nutshell, we propose that the canonical Wnt signaling regulates blastemal cellular responses during annelid regeneration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yueh, W.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.01.972448</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Canonical Wnt signaling Is Involved in Anterior Regeneration of the Annelid Aeolosoma viride]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.26.009803v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The potential SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitor 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.26.009803v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan and has rapidly spread to almost all parts of world. In coronaviruses, the receptor binding domain (RBD) in the distal part of S1 subunit of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein can directly bind to angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). RBD promote viral entry into the host cells and is an important therapeutic target. In this study, we discovered that theaflavin showed the lower idock score (idock score: -7.95 kcal/mol). To confirm the result, we discovered that theaflavin showed FullFitness score of -991.21 kcal/mol and estimated {Delta}G of -8.53 kcal/mol for the most favorable interaction with contact area of SARS-CoV-2 RBD by SwissDock service. Regarding contact modes, hydrophobic interactions contribute significantly in binding and additional hydrogen bonds were formed between theaflavin and Arg454, Phe456, Asn460, Cys480, Gln493, Asn501 and Val503 of SARS-CoV-2 RBD, near the direct contact area with ACE2. Our results suggest that theaflavin could be the candidate of SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitor for further study.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lung, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chou, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, G.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, M.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, C.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, R.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shu, L.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Te Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.26.009803</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The potential SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.06.080234v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Method to sort heterogenous cell populations based on migration in 2D and 3D environments 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.06.080234v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Whereas phenotypic assays such as Boyden chambers and wound healing assays can easily be employed to characterize the migratory potential of cells at the population level, few methods exist that can sort subpopulations of cells based on their migratory behaviour from an initial heterogeneous pool. In this paper, we present an approach to sort migratory cancer and immune cells based on their spontaneous migration in 2D and 3D microenvironments. Using this method, which is easy to implement and readily scalable, millions of live cells can be sorted based on their migratory characteristics and then subjected to downstream genomic, molecular and functional tests. We reveal that enrichment of the most migratory cytotoxic T lymphocytes yields a pool of cells with enhanced cytotoxicity against cancer cells. This new functional sorting method opens new avenues for the precise characterization of the mechanisms underlying hitherto unexplained heterogeneities in migratory phenotypes within a cell population, and for the targeted enrichment of the most potent migratory leukocytes in immunotherapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Arora, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galeano, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myaing, M. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arasi, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, R. Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DasGupta, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biro, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Viasnoff, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.06.080234</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Method to sort heterogenous cell populations based on migration in 2D and 3D environments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.18.102459v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
sangeranalyseR: simple and interactive analysis of Sanger sequencing data in R 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.18.102459v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SummarysangeranalyseR is an interactive R/Bioconductor package and two associated Shiny applications designed for analysing Sanger sequencing from data from the ABIF file format in R. It allows users to go from loading reads to saving aligned contigs in a few lines of R code. sangeranalyseR provides a wide range of options for a number of commonly-performed actions including read trimming, detecting secondary peaks, viewing chromatograms, and detecting indels using a reference sequence. All parameters can be adjusted interactively either in R or in the associated Shiny applications. sangeranalyseR comes with extensive online documentation, and outputs detailed interactive HTML reports.

Availability and implementationsangeranalyseR is implemented in R and released under an MIT license. It is available for all platforms on Bioconductor (https://bioconductor.org/packages/sangeranalyseR) and on Github (https://github.com/roblanf/sangeranalyseR).

Contactkuanhao.chao@gmail.com

Supplementary informationDocumentation at https://sangeranalyser.readthedocs.io/.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chao, K.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barton, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lanfear, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.18.102459</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[sangeranalyseR: simple and interactive analysis of Sanger sequencing data in R]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.17.253518v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to host defense against Talaromyces marneffei infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.17.253518v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Talaromyces marneffei is an important thermally dimorphic pathogen causing disseminated mycoses in immunocompromised individuals in southeast Asia. Previous study has suggested that NLRP3 inflammasome plays a critical role in antifungal immunity. However, the mechanism underlying the role of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in host defense against T. marneffei remains unclear. We show that T. marneffei yeasts but not conidia induce potent IL-1{beta} response, which is differentially regulated in discrete immune cell types. Dectin-1/Syk signaling pathway mediates pro-IL-1{beta} production, and NLRP3 inflammasome is activated to trigger the processing of pro-IL-1{beta} into IL-1{beta}. The activated NLRP3 inflammasome partially promotes Th1 and Th17 immune responses against T. marneffei yeasts. In vivo, mice with NLRP3 or caspase-1 deficiency exhibit higher mortality rate and fungal load compared to wild-type mice. Herein, our study provides the first evidence that NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to host defense against T. marneffei infection, which may have implications for future antifungal therapeutic designs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ma, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, J. F.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, Y. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kui, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsang, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pei, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lau, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woo, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.17.253518</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to host defense against Talaromyces marneffei infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.27.267955v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Assessing the cognitive status of Drosophila by the value-based feeding decision 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.27.267955v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Decision making is considered an important aspect of cognitive function. Impaired decision making is a consequence of cognitive decline caused by various physiological conditions, such as aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Here we exploited the value-based feeding decision (VBFD) assay, which is a simple sensory-motor task, to determine the cognitive status of Drosophila. Our results indicated the deterioration of VBFD is notably correlated with aging and neurodegenerative disorders. Restriction of the mushroom body (MB) neuronal activity partly blunted the proper VBFD. Furthermore, using the Drosophila polyQ disease model, we demonstrated the impaired VBFD is ameliorated by the dinitrosyl iron complex (DNIC-1), a novel and steady nitric oxide (NO)-releasing compound. Therefore we propose that the VBFD assay provides a robust assessment of Drosophila cognition and can be used to characterize additional neuroprotective interventions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kao, C.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, F.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, P.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiu, T.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, T.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.27.267955</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Assessing the cognitive status of Drosophila by the value-based feeding decision]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.17.292417v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Novel DNA Chromatography Method to Distinguish M. abscessus Subspecies and Macrolide Susceptibility 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.17.292417v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RationaleThe clinical impact of infection with Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABC), a group of emerging non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM), is increasing. Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus/bolletii frequently shows natural resistance to macrolide antibiotics, whereas Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. massiliense is generally susceptible. Therefore, rapid and accurate discrimination of macrolide-susceptible MABC subgroups is required for effective clinical decisions about macrolide treatments for MABC infection.

ObjectivesTo develop a simple and rapid diagnostic that can identify MABC isolates showing macrolide susceptibility.

MethodsWhole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed for 148 clinical or environmental MABC isolates from Japan to identify genetic markers that can discriminate three MABC subspecies and the macrolide-susceptible erm(41) T28C sequevar. Using the identified genetic markers, we established PCR based- or DNA chromatography-based assays. Validation testing was performed using MABC isolates from Taiwan.

Measurements and Main ResultsWe identified unique sequence regions that could be used to differentiate the three subspecies. Our WGS-based phylogenetic analysis indicated that M. abscessus carrying the macrolide-susceptible erm(41) T28C sequevar were tightly clustered, and identified 11 genes that were significantly associated with the lineage for use as genetic markers. To detect these genetic markers and the erm(41) locus, we developed a DNA chromatography method that identified three subspecies, the erm(41) T28C sequevar and intact erm(41) for MABC in a single assay within one hour. The agreement rate between the DNA chromatography-based and WGS-based identification was 99.7%.

ConclusionsWe developed a novel, rapid and simple DNA chromatography method for identification of MABC macrolide susceptibility with high accuracy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yoshida, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sano, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chien, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fukano, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suzuki, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asakura, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morimoto, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murase, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miyamoto, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurashima, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasegawa, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsueh, P.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitarai, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ato, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoshino, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.17.292417</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Novel DNA Chromatography Method to Distinguish M. abscessus Subspecies and Macrolide Susceptibility]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.28.359398v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
IFN-{lambda}4 may contribute to HCV persistence by increasing ER stress and enhancing IRF1 signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.28.359398v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and cirrhosis are major risk factors for developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Genetic polymorphisms in the IFNL3/IFNL4 locus have been associated both with impaired clearance of HCV and protection from liver fibrosis, an early stage of cirrhosis. Here, we aimed to address the genetic and functional relationships between IFNL3/IFNL4 polymorphisms, HCV-related cirrhosis, and HCC risk. We evaluated associations between IFNL4 genotype, defined as the presence of rs368234815-dG or rs12979860-T alleles, with cirrhosis and HCC risk in patients with chronic HCV - 2,931 from Taiwan and 3,566 from Japan. We detected associations between IFNL4 genotype and decreased risk of cirrhosis (OR=0.66, 95%CI=0.46-0.93, P=0.018, in Taiwan), but increased risk of HCC (OR=1.28, 95%CI=1.07-1.52, P=0.0058, in Japan). In-vitro, IFN-{lambda}4 expression increased ER stress, and enhanced positive regulation of IFN responses via IRF1 induction, which mediated antiproliferative effects in hepatic cells. Our data present novel IFN-{lambda}4-associated pathways that may be contributing to HCV persistence and development of HCC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Onabajo, O. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, M.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Florez-Vargas, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Obajemu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castro, M. A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanikawa, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vargas, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, S.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banday, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Brien, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matsuda, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robertson, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prokunina-Olsson, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.28.359398</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[IFN-{lambda}4 may contribute to HCV persistence by increasing ER stress and enhancing IRF1 signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.22.423783v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rare coding variants in 35 genes associate with circulating lipid levels: a multi-ancestry analysis of 170,000 exomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.22.423783v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Large-scale gene sequencing studies for complex traits have the potential to identify causal genes with therapeutic implications. We performed gene-based association testing of blood lipid levels with rare (minor allele frequency<1%) predicted damaging coding variation using sequence data from >170,000 individuals from multiple ancestries: 97,493 European, 30,025 South Asian, 16,507 African, 16,440 Hispanic/Latino, 10,420 East Asian, and 1,182 Samoan. We identified 35 genes associated with circulating lipid levels. Ten of these: ALB, SRSF2, JAK2, CREB3L3, TMEM136, VARS, NR1H3, PLA2G12A, PPARG and STAB1 have not been implicated for lipid levels using rare coding variation in population-based samples. We prioritize 32 genes identified in array-based genome-wide association study (GWAS) loci based on gene-based associations, of which three: EVI5, SH2B3, and PLIN1, had no prior evidence of rare coding variant associations. Most of the associated genes showed evidence of association in multiple ancestries. Also, we observed an enrichment of gene-based associations for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol drug target genes, and for genes closest to GWAS index single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). Our results demonstrate that gene-based associations can be beneficial for drug target development and provide evidence that the gene closest to the array-based GWAS index SNP is often the functional gene for blood lipid levels.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hindy, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dornbos, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaffin, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguilar-Salinas, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antonacci-Fulton, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ardissino, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnett, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aslibekyan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atzmon, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ballantyne, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barajas-Olmos, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barzilai, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becker, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bielak, L. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bis, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blangero, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boerwinkle, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonnycastle, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bottinger, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowden, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bown, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brody, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Broome, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burtt, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cade, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Centeno-Cruz, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-D. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chowdhury, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Contreras-Cubas, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cordova, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Correa, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cupples, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curran, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danesh,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.22.423783</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rare coding variants in 35 genes associate with circulating lipid levels: a multi-ancestry analysis of 170,000 exomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.19.427213v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Myocardial BDNF regulates cardiac bioenergetics through the transcription factor Yin Yang 1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.19.427213v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Circulating Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is markedly decreased in heart failure patients. Both BDNF and its receptor, Tropomyosin Related Kinase Receptor (TrkB), are expressed in cardiomyocytes, however the role of myocardial BDNF signaling in cardiac pathophysiology is poorly understood. We found that cardiac-specific TrkB knockout (cTrkB KO) mice displayed a blunted adaptive cardiac response to exercise, with attenuated upregulation of transcription factor networks controlling mitochondrial biogenesis/metabolism, including Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1). The cTrkB KO mice developed an exacerbated heart failure progression with transaortic constriction. The downregulation of PGC-1 in cTrkB KO mice exposed to exercise or TAC resulted in decreased cardiac energetics. We further unraveled that BDNF induces PGC-1 upregulation and bioenergetics through a novel signaling pathway, the pleiotropic transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1). Taken together, our findings suggest that myocardial BDNF plays a critical role in regulating cellular energetics in the cardiac stress response.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimmerman, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, A.-c.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bedja, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shiva, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Rourke, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kass, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paolocci, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.19.427213</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Myocardial BDNF regulates cardiac bioenergetics through the transcription factor Yin Yang 1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.30.442085v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modulated TRPC1 expression predicts sensitivity of breast cancer to doxorubicin and magnetic field therapy: segue towards a precision medicine approach. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.30.442085v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundChemotherapy is the mainstream treatment modality for invasive breast cancer. Nonetheless, chemotherapy-associated adverse events can result in a patient terminating treatment. We show that transient receptor potential channel 1 (TRPC1) expression level predicts breast cancer sensitivity to doxorubicin (DOX) and pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapies.

MethodsThe effects of PEMFs were examined with respect to: 1) the growth of MCF-7 cells in vitro; 2) MCF-7 tumors implanted into a chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model and; 3) patient-derived and MCF-7 breast cancer xenografts in mice.

Potential synergisms between DOX and PEMF therapies were examined in these model systems and under conditions of TRPC1 overexpression or silencing in vitro.

ResultsPEMF exposure impaired the survival of MCF-7 cells, but not that of nonmalignant MCF10A breast cells. The effects of PEMF- and DOX-therapies synergized in vitro at compromising MCF-7 cell growth. Synergism could be corroborated in vivo with patient-derived xenograft mouse models, wherein PEMF exposure alone or in combination with DOX reduced tumor size. Stable overexpression of TRPC1 enhanced the vulnerability of MCF-7 cells to both DOX and PEMF exposure and promoted proliferation, whereas chronic DOX exposure reduced TRPC1 expression, induced chemoresistance, precluded response to PEMF exposure and mitigated proliferation. Markers of metastasis including SLUG, SNAIL, VIMENTIN, and E-CADHERIN as well as invasiveness were also positively correlated with TRPC1 channel expression.

ConclusionThe presented data supports a potential role of PEMF-therapy as an effective companion therapy to DOX-based chemotherapy for the treatment of breast cancers characterized by elevated TRPC1 expression levels.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tai, Y. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, K. K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fong, C. H. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramanan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yap, J. L. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yip, Y. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, W. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koh, A. P. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, R. Y. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franco-Obregon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.30.442085</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modulated TRPC1 expression predicts sensitivity of breast cancer to doxorubicin and magnetic field therapy: segue towards a precision medicine approach.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.26.453775v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell-specific expression buffering promotes cell survival and cancer robustness 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.26.453775v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Functional buffering that ensures biological robustness is critical for maintaining tissue homeostasis, organismal survival, and evolution of novelty. However, the mechanism underlying functional buffering, particularly in multicellular organisms, remains largely elusive. Here, we developed an inference index (C-score) for Cell-specific Expression- BUffering (CEBU), whereby functional buffering is mediated via expression of buffering genes in specific cells and tissues in humans. By computing C-scores across 684 human cell lines using genome-wide CRISPR screens and transcriptomic RNA-seq, we report that C- score-identified putative buffering gene pairs are enriched for members of the same duplicated gene family, pathway, and protein complex. Furthermore, CEBU is especially prevalent in tissues of low regenerative capacity (e.g., bone and neuronal tissues) and is weakest in highly regenerative blood cells, linking functional buffering to tissue regeneration. Clinically, the buffering capacity enabled by CEBU can help predict patient survival for multiple cancers. Our results reveal CEBU as a buffering mechanism contributing to tissue homeostasis and cancer robustness in humans.

Summary blurbWe unveil a genome-wide functional buffering mechanism, termed Cell-specific Expression Buffering (CEBU), whereby gene expression contributes to functional buffering in specific cell types and tissues. We link CEBU to genetic interactions, tissue homeostasis and cancer robustness.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, H.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, F.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunlap, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.-h.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.26.453775</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell-specific expression buffering promotes cell survival and cancer robustness]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.05.463160v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The In Vivo Source of Type I and Type III IFNs is Pathogen Dependent 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.05.463160v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Type I (-, {beta}) and type III (-{lambda}) interferons (IFNs) are produced in response to virus infection and upregulate a largely overlapping set of IFN stimulated genes which mediate the protective effects of these antiviral cytokines. In vitro studies have demonstrated the redundancy of these two cytokine families which activate the same transcription factor, IFN stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3), via distinct ligands and receptors. However, in vivo, these IFN types do have distinct functions based on receptor distribution, but also ligand availability. Using a newly generated IFN-{lambda} reporter mouse strain we have observed that both type I and type III IFNs are produced in response to respiratory tract infection by Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and influenza A virus (IAV). In the case of NDV these IFNs are synthesized by different cell types. Type I IFNs are produced primarily by alveolar macrophages, type III IFNs are made only by epithelial cells, and production of either is dependent on MAVS. While epithelial cells of the respiratory tract represent the primary target of IAV infection, we found that they did not significantly contribute to IFN-{lambda} production, and IFN-{lambda} protein levels were largely unaffected in the absence of MAVS. Instead we found that pDCs, a cell type known for robust IFN- production via TLR/MyD88 signaling, were the major producers of IFN-{lambda} during IAV infection, with pDC depletion during influenza infection resulting in significantly reduced levels of both IFN- and IFN-{lambda}. In addition, we were able to demonstrate that pDCs rely on type I IFN for optimal IFN-{lambda} production. These studies therefore demonstrate that the in vivo producers of Type III IFNs in response to respiratory virus infection are pathogen dependent, a finding which may explain the varying levels of cytokine production induced by different viral pathogens.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sandoval, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tseng, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Risman, H. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smirnov, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivera, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durbin, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kotenko, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durbin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.05.463160</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The In Vivo Source of Type I and Type III IFNs is Pathogen Dependent]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.31.478406v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Omicron-specific mRNA vaccine induced potent neutralizing antibody against Omicron but not other SARS-CoV-2 variants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.31.478406v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) harbor mutations associated with increasing transmission and immune escape, hence undermine the effectiveness of current COVID-19 vaccines. In late November of 2021, the Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant was identified in South Africa and rapidly spread across the globe. It was shown to exhibit significant resistance to neutralization by serum not only from convalescent patients, but also from individuals receiving currently used COVID-19 vaccines with multiple booster shots. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop next generation vaccines against VOCs like Omicron. In this study, we develop a panel of mRNA-LNP-based vaccines using the receptor binding domain (RBD) of Omicron and Delta variants, which are dominant in the current wave of COVID-19. In addition to the Omicron- and Delta-specific vaccines, the panel also includes a "Hybrid" vaccine that uses the RBD containing all 16 point-mutations shown in Omicron and Delta RBD, as well as a bivalent vaccine composed of both Omicron and Delta RBD-LNP in half dose. Interestingly, both Omicron-specific and Hybrid RBD-LNP elicited extremely high titer of neutralizing antibody against Omicron itself, but few to none neutralizing antibody against other SARS-CoV-2 variants. The bivalent RBD-LNP, on the other hand, generated antibody with broadly neutralizing activity against the wild-type virus and all variants. Surprisingly, similar cross-protection was also shown by the Delta-specific RBD-LNP. Taken together, our data demonstrated that Omicron-specific mRNA vaccine can induce potent neutralizing antibody response against Omicron, but the inclusion of epitopes from other variants may be required for eliciting cross-protection. This study would lay a foundation for rational development of the next generation vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 VOCs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, I.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, C.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lan, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, I.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tseng, S.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsung, S.-I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chou, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumari, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, T. -Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiu, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuang, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, C.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, H.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, P.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, M.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.31.478406</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Omicron-specific mRNA vaccine induced potent neutralizing antibody against Omicron but not other SARS-CoV-2 variants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.08.483394v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Insertion of YFP at the Arabidopsis AFL1 and P5CS1 loci shows the potential, and potential limitations, of gene targeting for functional analysis of stress-related genes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.08.483394v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Crispr/CAS9-enabled homologous recombination to insert a tag in frame with an endogenous gene can circumvent difficulties such as context-dependent promoter activity that complicate analysis of gene expression and protein accumulation patterns. However, there have been few reports examining whether such Gene Targeting/Gene Tagging (GT) can alter expression of the target gene. The enzyme encoded by {Delta}1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase 1 (P5CS1) is key for stress-induced proline synthesis and drought resistance, yet its expression pattern and protein localization have been difficult to assay. We used GT to insert YFP in frame with the 5 or 3 ends of the endogenous P5CS1 and At14a-Like 1 (AFL1) coding regions. Insertion at the 3 end of either gene generated homozygous lines with expression of the gene-YFP fusion indistinguishable from the wild type allele. However, for P5CS1 this occurred only after selfing and advancement to the T5 generation allowed initial homozygous lethality of the insertion to be overcome. Once this was done, the GT-generated P5CS1-YFP plants revealed new information about P5CS1 localization and tissue-specific expression. In contrast, insertion of YFP at the 5 end of either gene blocked expression. The results demonstrate that GT can be useful for functional analyses of genes that are problematic to properly express by other means but also show that, in some cases, GT can disrupt expression of the target gene.

Summary statementGene tagging of Arabidopsis thaliana P5CS1 and AFL1 shows the potential of GT for functional analysis of stress-related genes, but also provides examples of how GT can dramatically disrupt expression of the target gene.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Longkumer, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grillet, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Putra, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verslues, P. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.08.483394</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Insertion of YFP at the Arabidopsis AFL1 and P5CS1 loci shows the potential, and potential limitations, of gene targeting for functional analysis of stress-related genes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.21.485106v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Niche hypervolume analysis revealed that water pollution reduces reproductive success of endangered landlocked salmon but does not directly impact their population density 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.21.485106v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The critical information for conserving endangered species is to identify how different niche dimensions affect key life history stages of a population. However, it is often difficult to quantify how each ecological niche dimension affects different life history stages because environmental factors may affect each fitness component of organisms to various degrees. Here, we applied the recently developed hypervolume method that follows the idea of Hutchinsons n-dimensional hypervolume. We analyzed the niche space of different life history stages of the endangered landlocked salmon Oncorhynchus masou formosanus, the most southerly distributed of all salmonoids. We found no direct effect of water pollution on salmon population density but a significant negative effect on salmon reproductive success. Surprisingly, the niche hypervolume analysis showed that the size of hatching success niche hypervolume was only 17.9% and 18.4% of the natural redd site density or population density, respectively. This result demonstrates a much higher environmental requirement for salmon during the egg stage than that affecting population density or nesting environment. Our results suggest that understanding the behavioral and physiological mechanisms that influence crucial life history stages in the wild is critical to developing effective conservation programs, and the niche hypervolume is a valuable method to achieve this.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yi-An, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tzu-Man, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin-Yan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, S.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.21.485106</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Niche hypervolume analysis revealed that water pollution reduces reproductive success of endangered landlocked salmon but does not directly impact their population density]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.13.488269v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enhanced expression of 4-Cl-IAA and 6-Cl-IAA by touch stimulus for rapid and differential growths of the Madeira vine 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.13.488269v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Madeira vine (MV) grows 30 times faster after encountering a support. In vivo x-ray diffraction made on live MV stems revel the appearance of crystallized IAA (C10H9NO2), 4-Cl-IAA (C10H8ClNO2) and 6-Cl-IAA (C10H8ClNO2) in the stems. Small angle neutron scattering spectra of the IAA extracted from MVs stem reveal a progressive increase in the size of crystallized IAA transported downward from the apex of the shoots. High resolution X-ray diffractions made on the extracted IAA reveal significantly larger amounts of 4-Cl-IAA and 6-Cl-IAA in the climbing MVs than in the swaying around MVs. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry spectra reveal the production of 9% more IAA and 90% more 4-Cl-IAA+6-Cl-IAA at the apexes of climbing MVs than swaying MVs. More 4-Cl-IAA+6-Cl-IAA were transported to the contact-free side than to the contact side of the vine. In vivo neutron tomography of naturally climbing MVs reveals a substantially higher H+ concentration in the contact-free parts than in the contact parts. The absorption spectra also reveal more expansin in the contact-free parts than in the contact parts. These results provide a view, at the molecular level, of what triggers the faster and differential growths in MVs in response to touching a support.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ma, M.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batsaikhan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, C.-I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, N.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, J.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chien, C.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.13.488269</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enhanced expression of 4-Cl-IAA and 6-Cl-IAA by touch stimulus for rapid and differential growths of the Madeira vine]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.19.488843v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Broadly neutralizing antibodies against Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 derived from mRNA-lipid nanoparticle-immunized mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.19.488843v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to threaten human health worldwide, as new variants of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have emerged. Currently, the predominant circulating strains around the world are Omicron variants, which can evade many therapeutic antibodies. Thus, the development of new broadly neutralizing antibodies remains an urgent need. In this work, we address this need by using the mRNA-lipid nanoparticle immunization method to generate a set of Omicron-targeting monoclonal antibodies. Five of our novel K-RBD-mAbs show strong binding and neutralizing activities toward all SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron). Notably, the epitopes of these five K-RBD-mAbs are overlapping and localized around K417 and F486 of the spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD). Chimeric derivatives of the five antibodies (K-RBD-chAbs) neutralize Omicron sublineages BA.1 and BA.2 with low IC50 values that range from 5.7 to 12.9 ng/mL. Additionally, we performed antibody humanization on a broadly neutralizing chimeric antibody to create K-RBD-hAb-62, which still retains excellent neutralizing activity against Omicron. Our results collectively suggest that these five therapeutic antibodies may effectively combat current and emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Omicron BA.1 and BA.2. Therefore, the antibodies can potentially be used as universal neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lu, R.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, K.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, H.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, F.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, H.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ke, F.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumari, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chou, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.19.488843</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Broadly neutralizing antibodies against Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 derived from mRNA-lipid nanoparticle-immunized mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.28.489849v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Allosteric inhibition of PRPS is moderated by filamentous polymerization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.28.489849v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) is an important intermediate for the biosynthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides, histidine, tryptophan, and cofactors NAD and NADP. Abnormal regulation of PRPP synthase (PRPS) has been associated with human disorders including Arts syndrome, retinal dystrophy and gouty arthritis. Recent studies have revealed that PRPS can form filamentous cytoophidia in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Here we resolve two distinct filament structures of E. coli PRPS at near-atomic resolution under Cryo-EM. Formation of two types of filaments is controlled by the binding of different ligands. While the type A filament attenuates the allosteric inhibition of PRPS by ADP, the type B filament enhances the inhibition. In addition, a novel conformation of the regulatory flexible loop of PRPS was found occupying the ATP binding site. AMP/ADP bound at a noncanonical allosteric site interacts with the regulatory flexible loop and facilitates the binding of ATP. Our findings not only reveal molecular mechanisms of the regulation of PRPS with structural basis, but also suggest a distinctive bidirectional regulatory system for PRPP production via PRPS polymerization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, G.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, C.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.28.489849</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Allosteric inhibition of PRPS is moderated by filamentous polymerization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.15.512330v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Predicting FDA approvability of small-molecule drugs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.15.512330v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A high rate of compound attrition makes drug discovery via conventional methods time-consuming and expensive. Here, we showed that machine learning models can be trained to classify compounds into distinctive groups according to their status in the drug development process, which can significantly reduce the compound attrition rate. Using molecular structure fingerprints and physicochemical properties as input, our models accurately predicted which drug compounds would proceed to trial, with an area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) of 0.94 {+/-} 0.01 (mean {+/-} standard deviation). Our models also identified which drugs in clinical trials would be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to go on the market, with an AUC of 0.73 {+/-} 0.02. The predictive power of our models could reduce the attrition rate of preclinical compounds to enter clinical trials from 65%, as with conventional methods, to 12% (with 92% sensitivity) and the clinical trial failure rate from 80-90% to 29% (with 83% sensitivity). The results largely held in additional tests on new clinical trial compounds and new FDA-approved drugs, as well as on drugs uniquely approved for use in Europe and Japan.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe odds of developing a drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are slim, meaning that the vast majority of drug candidates would fail tests for safety and efficacy in the drug discovery process, rendering it highly inefficient and costly. Here, we have developed machine learning models to predict drug compounds worthy of clinical trials with high accuracy, and clinical-trial compounds to receive FDA approval with a much higher success rate than that achieved by the traditional approach. Our computational prediction requires input of only the drug compounds chemical structure and physicochemical properties. It can help mitigate the long-standing problem of drug discovery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.-y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>CHEN, T.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shih, E. S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwang, M.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.15.512330</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Predicting FDA approvability of small-molecule drugs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.07.531453v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanical transmission of Dengue Virus by Aedes aegypti may influence disease transmission dynamics during outbreaks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.07.531453v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The escalating number of dengue virus (DENV) outbreaks and their worldwide spread pose a major threat to global public health. DENV transmission dynamics significantly influence outbreak duration and magnitude. Conventional DENV transmission requires an incubation period between mosquitoes biting infected humans and the mosquitoes becoming infectious. However, the possibility of immediate, mechanical transmission of DENV without viral replication in the mosquito has received little attention despite its potential importance.

Here, we show that Aedes aegypti mosquitoes can mechanically transmit DENV to susceptible mice immediately after biting infected mice without the need for an incubation period. By incorporating parameters from our experiments into a newly developed mathematical model, we found a significant impact on DENV outbreak characteristics.

Mechanical transmission may amplify existing disease transmission routes and influence outbreak dynamics. Our findings have implications for vector control strategies that target mosquito lifespan and suggest the possibility of similar mechanical transmission routes in other disease-carrying mosquitoes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, H.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsou, H.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, K.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, G.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, P.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, W.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, L.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yueh, Y. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akbari, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, H.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, G.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marshall, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>CHEN, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.07.531453</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanical transmission of Dengue Virus by Aedes aegypti may influence disease transmission dynamics during outbreaks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.10.540297v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The NPH3-domain protein NRL5 is a plant specific type of GTPase essential for drought resistance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.10.540297v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mechanisms of plant resistance to low water potential ({psi}w) during drought are unclear but may involve signaling and trafficking at the plasma membrane as well as metabolic reprogramming, including proline accumulation. Forward genetic screening using a Proline Dehydrogenase 1 (ProDH1) promoter:reporter line identified a mutant with extreme low {psi}w hypersensitivity due to a single amino acid substitution (P335L) in the Non-Phototrophic Hypocotyl3 (NPH3) domain of NPH3/RPT2-Like5 (NRL5)/Naked Pins in Yucca8 (NPY8). Further experiments found that NRL5, and other NPH3-domain proteins, are GTPases. NRL5 interacted with RAB small GTPases and the SNARE proteins VAMP721/722 and had polar localization. NRL5P335L had greatly reduced GTPase activity, impaired RAB and VAMP721/722 interaction and disrupted polar localization. These data demonstrate that NRL5-mediated restraint of proline catabolism is required for drought resistance and also more broadly define unexpected functions of the NPH3 domain such that the role of NPH3-domain proteins in signaling, trafficking, and cellular polarity can be critically re-evaluated.

One-Sentence SummaryA protein containing the plant-specific NPH3-domain has GTPase activity, trafficking interaction and drought resistance function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>UPADHYAY-TIWARI, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, X.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verslues, P. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.10.540297</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The NPH3-domain protein NRL5 is a plant specific type of GTPase essential for drought resistance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.20.545659v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Correlation between plant cell wall stiffening and root extension arrest phenotype in the combined abiotic stress of Fe and Al 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.20.545659v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The plasticity and growth of plant cell walls (CWs) remain poorly understood at the molecular level. In this work, we used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to observe elastic responses of the root transition zone of 4-day-old Arabidopsis thaliana wild type and almt1 mutant seedlings grown under Fe or Al stresses. The elastic parameters were deduced from force-distance measurements by AFM using the trimechanic-3PCS framework. In all metal stresses tested, the presence of single metal species Fe2+ or Al3+ at 10 {micro}M exerts no noticeable effect on the root growth compared with the control conditions. On the contrary, a mix of both the metal ions produced a strong root extension arrest concomitant with significant increase of CW stiffness. This was not found for the almt1 mutant which substantially abolishes the ability to exude malate. By raising the concentration of either Fe2+ or Al3+ to 20 {micro}M, no root extension arrest was observed; nevertheless, a rise of root stiffness occurred. Our results indicate that the combination of Fe2+ and Al3+ with exuded malate is crucial for both CW stiffening and root extension arrest. However, stiffness increase induced by single Fe or Al metal is not sufficient for arresting root growth.

Summary statementWe record the change in stiffness of the external primary cell wall of living Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings in presence of metallic stress using atomic force microscopy. Results reveals for the first time the uncoupling between mechanical response (CW stiffening) and root extension arrest.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kaur, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teulon, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godon, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desnos, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.-w. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pellequer, J.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.20.545659</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Correlation between plant cell wall stiffening and root extension arrest phenotype in the combined abiotic stress of Fe and Al]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.22.546131v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multifaceted roles of rice ABA/stress-induced intrinsically disordered proteins in augmenting drought resistance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.22.546131v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Water deficit stress causes devastating loss of crop yield worldwide. Improving crop drought resistance has become an urgent issue. Here we report that a group of abscisic acid (ABA)/drought stress-induced monocot-specific, intrinsically disordered, and highly proline-rich proteins, REPETITIVE PROLINE-RICH PROTEINS (RePRPs), play pivotal roles in drought resistance in rice seedlings. Rice ectopically expressing RePRPs outlived wild-type rice under extreme drought conditions primarily due to two underlying mechanisms. First, RePRP reduces water loss by decreasing stomata conductance in shoot. In addition, RePRP overexpression enhances the levels of extracellular water barriers such as lignin and suberin, primarily in the root vascular bundle. Several groups of genes involved in lignin biosynthesis, especially the wall-bound peroxidase responsible for the final assembly of the lignin network, were induced by RePRP. Second, overexpression of RePRP leads to lowered root osmotic potential. Root cell osmotic pressure was more negative in rice plants overexpressing RePRP2 than wild-type plants, and the concentration of a key osmolyte, proline, was enhanced. Furthermore, the protein levels of two aquaporins that are important for drought stress tolerance were elevated. Hence, ABA/stress-induced RePRP expression leads to several beneficial traits of drought resistance, including lower water loss rate upon dehydration and higher root water use efficiency under drought conditions. This group of unique stress proteins may be an important target for technology development in enhancing drought stress resistance in cereals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tseng, I.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsiao, W.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shih, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, W.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, S.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, T.-h. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.22.546131</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multifaceted roles of rice ABA/stress-induced intrinsically disordered proteins in augmenting drought resistance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.13.548784v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Four-dimensional omics data reveals ribosome heterogeneity, regulation of translation efficacy, and nonsense-mediated decay in the differentiation of spermatocyte to round spermatid. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.13.548784v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A protein expression is regulated by transcription, translation, and sequential processing. However, well correlated RNA and protein abundance just only proportionate 40%, and even poorer when cell was stressed, differentiated, or tumorigenic transformed. Here, we discovered spermatocyte (SP) differentiated to round spermatid (RS) had equal regulation extent which may related to ribosomal behavior alteration. The change of ribosome occupancy was related to SP and RS specific function in spermatogenesis. Interactome of functional ribosome in SP and RS revealed the activated ribosome in SP but stalled and nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) associated ribosome in RS. Functional ribosomes of RS occupied 5untranslated regions (5UTR) of SP specific transcripts and correlated its RNA and protein downregulation. These findings suggested a branched NMD pathway was activated in RS to eliminate SP specific transcripts and keep them from being translated. Our discovery suggested the heterogeneity of ribosomal interactome may play an important role in spermatogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kung, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jou, Y.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.13.548784</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Four-dimensional omics data reveals ribosome heterogeneity, regulation of translation efficacy, and nonsense-mediated decay in the differentiation of spermatocyte to round spermatid.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/238873v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Macrophage resilience and control of intracellular bacteria requires sst1-dependent integration of c-Myc, stress response and type I IFN pathways 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/238873v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Host susceptibility to tuberculosis and several other intracellular bacteria is controlled by a mouse genetic locus, sst1. Necrotic inflammatory lesions, similar to human TB granulomas, are a hallmark of the sst1 susceptible phenotype. Our previous work established that increased disease severity in sst1 susceptible mice reflects dysfunctional macrophage effector or tolerance mechanisms, but the molecular mechanisms have been unclear.nnWe demonstrate that sst1-deficient macrophages develop aberrant, biphasic responses to TNF, characterized by super-induction of stress and type I interferon pathways after prolonged TNF stimulation. This late stage response was initiated by oxidative stress and Myc. It was driven via a JNK - IFN{beta} - PKR feed-forward circuit locking the susceptible macrophages in a state of escalating stress. Consequently, prolonged TNF stimulation of the susceptible macrophages reduced their resilience to subsequent infection with intracellular bacteria.nnThe data support a generalizable paradigm in host - pathogen interactions, where susceptibility emerges gradually within inflammatory tissue due to imbalanced macrophage responses to growth, differentiation, activation and stress stimuli prior to encountering pathogens. This explains how successful pathogens may locally bypass mechanisms of resistance in otherwise immunocompetent hosts and suggests novel therapeutic strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharya, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chatterjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berland, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pichugin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivanov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Connor, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, B.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kobzik, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kramnik, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/238873</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Macrophage resilience and control of intracellular bacteria requires sst1-dependent integration of c-Myc, stress response and type I IFN pathways]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/270355v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Arabidopsis inositol phosphate kinases, IPK1 and ITPK1, constitute a metabolic pathway in maintaining phosphate homeostasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/270355v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Emerging studies have implicated a close link between inositol phosphate (InsP) metabolism and cellular phosphate (Pi) homeostasis in eukaryotes; however, whether a common InsP species is deployed as an evolutionarily conserved metabolic messenger to mediate Pi signaling remains unknown. Here, using genetics and InsP profiling combined with Pi starvation response (PSR) analysis in Arabidopsis thaliana, we showed that the kinase activity of inositol pentakisphosphate 2-kinase (IPK1), an enzyme required for phytate (inositol hexakisphosphates; InsP6) synthesis, is indispensable for maintaining Pi homeostasis under Pi-replete conditions, and inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate 5/6-kinase 1 (ITPK1) plays an equivalent role. Although both ipk1-1 and itpk1 mutants exhibited decreased levels of InsP6 and diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate (PP-InsP5; InsP7), disruption of another ITPK family enzyme, ITPK4, which correspondingly caused depletion of InsP6 and InsP7, did not display similar Pi-related phenotypes, which precludes these InsP species as effectors. Notably, the level of D/L-Ins(3,4,5,6)P4 was concurrently elevated in both ipk1-1 and itpk1 mutants, which implies a potential role for InsP4 in regulating Pi homeostasis. However, the level of D/L-Ins(3,4,5,6)P4 is not responsive to Pi starvation that instead manifests a shoot-specific increase in InsP7 level. This study demonstrates a more nuanced picture of intersection of InsP metabolism and Pi homeostasis and PSR than has previously been elaborated, and additionally establishes intermediate steps to phytate biosynthesis in plant vegetative tissues.nnSignificance StatementRegulation of phosphate homeostasis and adaptive responses to phosphate limitation is critical for plant growth and crop yield. Accumulating studies implicate inositol phosphates as regulators of phosphate homeostasis in eukaryotes; however, the relationship between inositol phosphate metabolism and phosphate signaling in plants remain elusive. This study dissected the step where inositol phosphate metabolism intersects with phosphate homeostasis regulation and phosphate starvation responses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kuo, H.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, W.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munnik, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brearley, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiou, T.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/270355</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Arabidopsis inositol phosphate kinases, IPK1 and ITPK1, constitute a metabolic pathway in maintaining phosphate homeostasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/357491v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Electron microscopy 3-dimensional segmentation and quantification of axonal dispersion and diameter distribution in mouse brain corpus callosum 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/357491v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To model the diffusion MRI signal in brain white matter, general assumptions have been made about the microstructural properties of axonal fiber bundles, such as the axonal shape and the fiber orientation dispersion. In particular, axons are modeled by perfectly circular cylinders with no diameter variation within each axon, and their directions obey a specific orientation distribution. However, these assumptions have not been validated by histology in 3-dimensional high-resolution neural tissue. Here, we reconstructed sequential scanning electron microscopy images in mouse brain corpus callosum, and introduced a semi-automatic random-walker (RaW) based algorithm to rapidly segment individual intra-axonal spaces and myelin sheaths of myelinated axons. Confirmed with a conventional machine-learning-based interactive segmentation method, our semi-automatic algorithm is reliable and less time-consuming. Based on the segmentation, we calculated histological estimates of size-related (e.g., inner axonal diameter, g-ratio) and orientation-related (e.g., Fiber orientation distribution and its rotational invariants, dispersion angle) quantities, and simulated how these quantities would be observed in actual diffusion MRI experiments by considering diffusion time-dependence. The reported dispersion angle is consistent with previous 2-dimensional histology studies and diffusion MRI measurements, though the reported diameter is larger than those in other mouse brain studies. Our results show that the orientation-related metrics have negligible diffusion time-dependence; however, inner axonal diameters demonstrate a non-trivial time-dependence at diffusion times typical for clinical and preclinical use. In other words, the fiber dispersion estimated by diffusion MRI modeling is relatively independent, while the "apparent" axonal size estimated by axonal diameter mapping potentially depends on experimental MRI settings.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, H.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yaros, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veraart, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pathan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, F.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novikov, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fieremans, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/357491</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Electron microscopy 3-dimensional segmentation and quantification of axonal dispersion and diameter distribution in mouse brain corpus callosum]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/493304v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
General characterization of regeneration in Aeolosoma viride 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/493304v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Regeneration has long attracted scientists for its potential to restore lost, damaged or aged tissues and organs. A wide range of studies have conducted on different model organisms on both cellular and molecular levels. Current evidences suggest that a variety of regenerative strategies are developed and used by different species, and their regenerative strategies are highly correlated to their reproductive methods. Our present work focused on the freshwater annelid Aeolosoma viride, which reproduces by paratonic fission and is capable of complete regeneration. We found out that A. viride can regenerate both anterior and posterior end, even with only 3 segments remained. This process is characterized by epimorphosis that involves large amount of cell proliferation which drives the formation of blastema. Cell proliferation and regeneration successful ratio were significantly decreased when treated with microtubule inhibitor taxol or Avi-tubulin dsRNA, which confirmed that cell proliferation served as a key event during regeneration. Together, our data described the regenerative processes of A. viride, which includes high level of cell proliferation and the formation of blastema. Furthermore, our findings demonstrated A. viride as a potential model for the study of regeneration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fok, S. K.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, Y.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, F.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/493304</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[General characterization of regeneration in Aeolosoma viride]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/547554v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Glia-derived exosomal miR-274 targets Sprouty in trachea and synaptic boutons to modulate growth and responses to hypoxia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/547554v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Secreted exosomal miRNAs mediate inter-organ/tissue communication by downregulating gene expression, thereby modulating developmental and physiological functions. However, the source, route, and function have not been formally established for specific miRNAs. Here, we show that glial miR-274 non-cell autonomously modulates the growth of synaptic boutons and tracheal branches. Whereas precursor miR-274 was expressed in glia, mature miR-274 was secreted. miR-274 secretion to circulating hemolymph was detected in exosomes, a process requiring ESCRT components in exosome biogenesis and Rab11 and Syx1A in exosome release. miR-274 downregulated Sprouty to activate MAPK in synaptic boutons and tracheal branches, thereby promoting their growth. Expression of miR-274 solely in glia of a mir-274 null mutant reset normal levels of Sprouty and MAPK, and hemolymphatic exosomal miR-274. mir-274 mutant larvae were hypersensitive to hypoxia, which was suppressed by increasing tracheal branches. Thus, glia-derived miR-274 coordinates growth of synaptic boutons and tracheal branches to modulate larval hypoxia responses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tsai, Y.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sung, H.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chien, C.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/547554</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Glia-derived exosomal miR-274 targets Sprouty in trachea and synaptic boutons to modulate growth and responses to hypoxia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/556712v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effector loading onto VgrG spike proteins is critical for the assembly of the type VI secretion system in Agrobacterium tumefaciens 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/556712v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is used by many bacteria to engage in social behaviors with others and can directly or indirectly affect the health of plants and animals. Because activities associated with T6SS are often costly, the assembly and activation of the T6SS must be highly regulated. However, our knowledge regarding how T6SS assembly and contraction are regulated remains limited. Here we show that the loading of effectors onto their cognate carriers is critical for the assembly of a functional T6SS in Agrobacterium tumefaciens. A. tumefaciens strain C58 encodes one T6SS and two Tde DNase toxin effectors used as major weapons for interbacterial competition. We found that loading of Tde effectors onto their cognate carrier, the VgrG spike, is required for active T6SS secretion. Our data also suggest the assembly of the TssBC contractile sheath occurs only after Tde effectors are loaded onto the VgrG spike. The requirement of effector loading for efficient T6SS secretion was also validated in other A. tumefaciens strains. Such a mechanism may be used by bacteria as a strategy for efficacious T6SS firing. Given the prevalence of T6SS-encoding loci in host-associated bacteria, these findings inform on mechanisms that influence the composition of microbial communities and the services provided to hosts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lien, Y.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bondage, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shih, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, E.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/556712</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effector loading onto VgrG spike proteins is critical for the assembly of the type VI secretion system in Agrobacterium tumefaciens]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/600668v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Seasonal Change of Microbial Diversity and Its Relation with Soil Chemical Properties in Orchard 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/600668v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This study aimed to determine the microbial diversity of different soil depths (0-5 and 5-20 cm) in a subtropical orchard during different seasons (i.e., Spring, Summer and Autumn) for enrich the knowledgements on micorbes roles in orchard ecosystem balance. In tracking experiments conducted in an orchard (established in 1996), the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) biomarker method was employed to know soil microbial system. Total PLFAs concentration did not vary significantly between soil depths but changed between seasons. It peaked in the summer at 258.97 {+/-} 23.48 g g-1 soil from 0-5 cm and at 270.99 {+/-} 58.94 g g-1 soil from 5-20 cm. A total of 33 microbial fatty acid biomarkers were observed and identified in the sampled soil. Quantities of PLFAs for 29 microbe groups varied significantly between seasons, except for 15:0 iso 3OH, 15:1 iso G, 16:0 2OH, and 17:0 iso 3OH. The bacterial PLFAs and fungal and actinomycotic PLFAs in the orchard soil collected in Summer were significantly higher than in the Spring or Autumn (P < 0.01). The number of soil microorganism species (Richness) and the Simpson and Shannon-Wiener indexes were all the highest in summer. The total PLFAs, bacterial PLFAs, fungal PLFAs, actinomycotic PLFAs, Richness, or the Simpson and Shannon-Wiener indexes were all significantly negatively correlated with soil pH, total carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and cation-exchange capacity (CEC) (P < 0.05).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Luo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weng, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/600668</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Seasonal Change of Microbial Diversity and Its Relation with Soil Chemical Properties in Orchard]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/766022v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Detection and Classification of Cardiac Arrhythmias by a Challenge-Best Deep Learning Neural Network Model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/766022v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundElectrocardiogram (ECG) is widely used to detect cardiac arrhythmia (CA) and heart diseases. The development of deep learning modeling tools and publicly available large ECG data in recent years has made accurate machine diagnosis of CA an attractive task to showcase the power of artificial intelligence (AI) in clinical applications.nnMethods and FindingsWe have developed a convolution neural network (CNN)-based model to detect and classify nine types of heart rhythms using a large 12-lead ECG dataset (6877 recordings) provided by the China Physiological Signal Challenge (CPSC) 2018. Our model achieved a median overall F1-score of 0.84 for the 9-type classification on CPSC2018s hidden test set (2954 ECG recordings), which ranked first in this latest AI competition of ECG-based CA diagnosis challenge. Further analysis showed that concurrent CAs observed in the same patient were adequately predicted for the 476 patients diagnosed with multiple CA types in the dataset. Analysis also showed that the performances of using only single lead data were only slightly worse than using the full 12 lead data, with leads aVR and V1 being the most prominent. These results are extensively discussed in the context of their agreement with and relevance to clinical observations.nnConclusionsAn AI model for automatic CA diagnosis achieving state-of-the-art accuracy was developed as the result of a community-based AI challenge advocating open-source research. In- depth analysis further reveals the models ability for concurrent CA diagnosis and potential use of certain single leads such as aVR in clinical applications.nnAbbreviationsCA, cardiac arrhythmia; AF, Atrial fibrillation; I-AVB, first-degree atrioventricular block; LBBB, left bundle branch block; RBBB, right bundle branch block; PAC, premature atrial contraction; PVC, premature ventricular contraction; STD, ST-segment depression; STE, ST-segment elevation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, T.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shih, E. S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwang, M.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/766022</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Detection and Classification of Cardiac Arrhythmias by a Challenge-Best Deep Learning Neural Network Model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/385898v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A prospective, observational study on conversion of Clinically Isolated Syndrome to Multiple Sclerosis during 4-year period (MS NEO study) in Taiwan 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/385898v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ImportanceCIS to MS conversion rates vary depending on population cohorts, initial manifestations, and durations of follow-up.nnObjectiveTo investigate conversion rate of patients from CIS to MS and the prognostic significance of demographic and clinical variables in Taiwanese population.nnDesignNationwide, prospective, multi-centric, observational study from November 2008 to November 2014 with 4 years follow-up.nnSettingMulti-centre setting at 5 institutions in Taiwan.nnParticipants152 patients having single clinical event potentially suggestive of MS in last 2 years were enrolled as consecutive sample. 33 patients were lost to follow-up and 16 patients did not complete the study.103 patients completed the study.nnIntervention(s) (for clinical trials) or Exposure(s) (for observational studies)Natural progression from first episode of CIS to MS or NMO was observed.nnMain Outcome(s) and Measure(s)Variables analysed were  proportion of patients converting to MS or NMO after first episode of CIS,  duration between first episode of neurological event and diagnosis of MS,  status of anti-AQP4 IgG and  length of longest contiguous spinal cord lesion in MS patients. Association between baseline characteristics and progression to MS from CIS was analyzed using multiple logistic regression. Multivariate time dependent effect of baseline characteristics on progression to MS was plotted.nnResults14.5% patients with CIS converted to MS after 1.1 {+/-} 1.0 years with greater predisposition (18.8%) in those having syndromes referable to the cerebral hemispheres. Conversion rate from ON to MS was 9.7%. 90.9% patients had benign disease course. 46.7% patients had abnormal MRIs at baseline, with 0.6{+/-}0.5 contrast enhanced lesions.  Below normal BMI and  MRI lesion load ([&ge;] 4 lesions) were identified as risk indicators for the development of MS. Only 4.5% were positive for anti-AQP4 antibody in MS patients and amongst them, 80% were NMO patients as diagnosed by modern criteria.nnConclusions and Relevance Below normal BMI and  number of demyelinating lesions ([&ge;]4) are significant predictors of conversion from CIS to MS. A low conversion rate to MS in Taiwanese CIS patients and majority of them having a benign course and minimal disability suggest the roles of geographic, genetic and ethnic factors.nnTrial RegistrationNon-trial observational study.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ro, L.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyu, R.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, K.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, T.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, S.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, L.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, C.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, K.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/385898</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A prospective, observational study on conversion of Clinically Isolated Syndrome to Multiple Sclerosis during 4-year period (MS NEO study) in Taiwan]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.13.557516v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The HOMEODOMAIN-Like protein HDL mediates chromatin organization and rewires leaf epidermal patterning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.13.557516v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Arabidopsis leaf epidermis is comprised of trichomes, pavement cells, and stomata, originating from versatile precursor cells capable of dividing or differentiating to create unique epidermal patterns. The mechanism governing these transitions and the maintenance of cell heterogeneity remains unclear. In this study, we identified a novel homeodomain-like superfamily protein, HDL, localized in chromocenters and playing a role in chromatin organization. HDL interacts with histone deacetylase 6 (HDA6) and methyltransferases, indicating its function in modulating chromatin accessibility. In hdl mutants, we observed moderately increased chromatin accessibility in the promoter region of protein-coding genes, along with reduced stomatal density and elevated trichome numbers on leaf surfaces. Corresponding to these phenotypes, stomatal-related gene expression decreased, while a transcriptional reporter for GLABRA2, a trichome initiation gene, exhibited higher and more variable expression levels. These findings highlight how HDL-mediated chromatin organization influences epidermal cell fate by modulating gene expression and enhancing cell heterogeneity within the leaf epidermis.

One Sentence SummaryA homeodomain-like protein functions with histone modifiers to regulate chromatin and influence cell fate decisions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ali, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hung, F.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, T.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, Y.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, C.-M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.13.557516</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The HOMEODOMAIN-Like protein HDL mediates chromatin organization and rewires leaf epidermal patterning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.14.557670v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Automatic vocalisation detection delivers reliable, multi-faceted, and global avian biodiversity monitoring 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.14.557670v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tracking biodiversity and its dynamics at scale is essential if we are to solve global environmental challenges. Detecting animal vocalisations in passively recorded audio data offers a highly automatable, inexpensive, and taxonomically broad way to monitor biodiversity. However, uptake is slow due to the expertise and labour required to label new data and fine-tune algorithms for each deployment. In this study, we applied an off-the-shelf bird vocalisation detection model, BirdNET, to 152,376 hours of audio comprising of datasets from Norway, Taiwan, Costa Rica, and Brazil. We manually listened to a subset of detections for each species in each dataset and found precisions of over 80% for 89 of the 139 species (100% for 57 species). Whilst some species were reliably detected across multiple datasets, the performance of others was dataset specific. By filtering out unreliable detections, we could extract species and community level insight on diel (Brazil) and seasonal (Taiwan) temporal scales, as well as landscape (Costa Rica) and national (Norway) spatial scales. Our findings demonstrate that, with a relatively fast validation step, a single vocalisation detection model can deliver multi-faceted community and species level insight across highly diverse datasets; unlocking the scale at which acoustic monitoring can deliver immediate applied impact.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sethi, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bick, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, M.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crouzeilles, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hillier, B. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parruco, C. H. d. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosten, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Somveille, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuanmu, M.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banks-Leite, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.14.557670</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Automatic vocalisation detection delivers reliable, multi-faceted, and global avian biodiversity monitoring]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.19.558414v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Larval thermosensitivity shapes adult population dynamics in Anopheles mosquitoes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.19.558414v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mosquitoes are vectors of human life-threatening pathogens, posing a significant global health threat. While the influence of temperature on mosquito life-history traits has been extensively studied in laboratory settings, the ecological factors shaping mosquito development and population dynamics in natural environments remain poorly understood. Here, we used a multi-disciplinary approach, integrating field data from Mali, laboratory experiments, and mathematical modeling, to investigate the causal relationships between climate variables and the abundance of Anopheles gambiae s.l. mosquitoes. Using convergent-cross mapping analyses an adult abundance in the Nanguilabou village, we observed that the dynamics of adult mosquito populations was driven by larval thermosensitivity. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we conducted experimental studies that revealed a density-dependent larval thermal response. Through mathematical modeling, we quantified the complex interplay between temperature and larval density, demonstrating that temperature and density have independent, non-synergistic effects on larval developmental speed, mortality, and pupation rates. Our findings provide a mechanistic understanding of how larval development shapes adult mosquito populations, highlighting the significance of multidisciplinary approaches in studying climate-driven mosquito population dynamics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Estupinan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weyrich, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schloesser, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naujoks, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gildenhard, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diarra, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diallo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sangare, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Telschow, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, C.-h.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levashina, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carrillo-Bustamante, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.19.558414</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Larval thermosensitivity shapes adult population dynamics in Anopheles mosquitoes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.30.560297v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Successive responses of three coral holobiont components (coral hosts, symbiotic algae, and bacteria) to daily temperature fluctuations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.30.560297v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Coral reef ecosystems support over a quarter of the worlds marine life and play important ecological and economic roles. However, the increasingly severe weather events associated with ocean warming and climate change are believed to be rapidly altering the functions of coral reefs and their ecosystems. Corals and their associated microbiota form a "holobiont," which includes symbiotic algae and other associated microbiota dominated by bacteria. These microbiota have a direct relationship with the health of the coral host. Their composition is influenced by various environmental factors, such as increasing sea water temperatures. Previous studies of the effects of temperature changes on coral physiology and associated bacterial communities have been conducted based on stable water temperatures set by mean temperatures, or by slowly increasing/decreasing temperatures. However, the daily temperature fluctuations that corals experience in nature are not stable. Rather, there may be significant differences of up to 6{degrees}C in a single day. The current understanding of the effects of large daily temperature fluctuations on coral and associated bacterial community dynamics is limited. Hence, in this study, we conducted a four-week tank experiment using different large daily temperature fluctuations accompanied by continuous warming conditions to investigate the effects on two common reef-building corals, Stylophora pistillata and Pocillopora acuta, in Taiwan. During the experiment, the activity of coral host catalase was measured, the photosynthetic ability of symbiotic algae was recorded, and the variation in bacterial communities was analyzed using the V6-V8 region of 16S rDNA. According to the results, different parts of the holobionts of different coral species exhibited varying response rates to the continuous warming conditions and diurnal temperature fluctuations. Additionally, it was found that diurnal temperature fluctuations may mitigate the heat stress on the host and reduce the changes in bacterial response to warming. Furthermore, the holobionts of different coral species may adopt different adaptation and survival strategies in response to diurnal temperature fluctuations and warming. Finally, based on the response of these two coral species under the conditions of diurnal temperature fluctuations and continuous warming, Acinetobacter and Rhodobacteraceae were identified as potential indicator coral-associated bacteria. This is the first study to investigate the tripartite dynamic response of coral, symbiotic algae and bacteria to daily temperature fluctuations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, Y. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kao, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, J.-W. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shikina, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, T.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.30.560297</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Successive responses of three coral holobiont components (coral hosts, symbiotic algae, and bacteria) to daily temperature fluctuations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.18.562802v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The genetic evolution of acral melanoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.18.562802v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Acral melanoma is an aggressive type of melanoma with unknown origins, arising on the sole, palm, or nail apparatus. It is the most common type of melanoma in individuals with dark skin and is notoriously challenging to treat. Our study examined exome sequencing data from 139 tissue samples, spanning different progression stages, collected from 37 patients. We found that 78.4% of the melanomas displayed one or more clustered copy number transitions with focal amplifications, recurring predominantly on chromosomes 5, 11, 12, and 22. These genomic "hailstorms" were typically shared across all progression stages within individual patients. Genetic alterations known to activate TERT also arose early. By contrast, mutations in the MAP- kinase pathway appeared later during progression, often leading to different tumor areas harboring non-overlapping driver mutations. We conclude that the evolutionary trajectories of acral melanomas substantially diverge from those of melanomas on sun-exposed skin, where MAP-kinase pathway activation initiates the neoplastic cascade followed by immortalization later. The punctuated formation of hailstorms, paired with early TERT activation, suggests a unique mutational mechanism underlying the origins of acral melanoma. Our findings highlight an essential role for telomerase, likely in re-stabilizing tumor genomes after hailstorms have initiated the tumors. The marked genetic heterogeneity, in particular of MAP-kinase pathway drivers, may partly explain the limited success of targeted and other therapies in treating this melanoma subtype.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fukushima, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheen, Y.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramelyte, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cruz Pacheco, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banik, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aquino, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sangueza Acosta, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levesque, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dummer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liau, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shain, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bastian, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.18.562802</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The genetic evolution of acral melanoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.19.563042v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Growth inhibitory factor/metallothionein-3 is a sulfane sulfur-binding protein 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.19.563042v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cysteine-bound sulfane sulfur atoms in proteins have received much attention as key factors in cellular redox homeostasis. However, the role of sulfane sulfur in zinc regulation has been underinvestigated. We report here that cysteine-bound sulfane sulfur atoms serve as ligands to hold and release zinc ions in growth inhibitory factor (GIF)/metallothionein-3 (MT-3) with an unexpected C-S-S-Zn structure. Oxidation of such a zinc/persulfide cluster in Zn7GIF/MT-3 results in the release of zinc ions, and intramolecular tetrasulfide bridges in apo-GIF/MT-3 efficiently undergo S-S bond cleavage by thioredoxin to regenerate Zn7GIF/MT-3. Three-dimensional molecular modeling confirmed the critical role of the persulfide group in the thermostability and Zn-binding affinity of GIF/MT-3. The present discovery raises the fascinating possibility that the function of other Zn-binding proteins is controlled by sulfane sulfur.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shinkai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matsui, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devitt, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akiyama, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, T.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nishida, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ida, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akaike, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahajan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fukuto, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shigeta, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumagai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.19.563042</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Growth inhibitory factor/metallothionein-3 is a sulfane sulfur-binding protein]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.23.563139v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Feasibility of intranasal delivery of thin-film freeze-dried monoclonal antibodies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.23.563139v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) administered intranasally as dry powders can be potentially applied for the treatment or pre-exposure prevention of viral infections in the upper respiratory tract. However, a method to transform the mAbs from liquid to dry powders suitable for intranasal administration and a device that can spray the dry powders to the desired region of the nasal cavity are needed to fully realize the potentials of the mAbs. Herein, we report that thin-film freeze-drying can be applied to prepare aerosolizable mAb dry powders and that the dry powders can be sprayed into the posterior nasal cavity using Aptar Pharmas Unidose (UDS) Powder Nasal Spray System. AUG-3387, a human-derived mAb that neutralizes the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was used in the present study. First, we prepared AUG-3387 thin-film freeze-dried powders (i.e., TFF AUG-3387 powders) from liquid formulations containing different levels of mAbs. The TFF AUG-3387 powder with the highest solid content (i.e., TFF AUG-3387C powder) was then chosen for further characterization, including the evaluation of the plume geometry, spray pattern, and particle size distribution after the powder was sprayed using the UDS Powder device. Finally, the deposition patterns of the TFF AUG-3387C powder sprayed using the UDS Powder device were studied using 3D-printed nasal replica casts based on an adult model and a child model. It is concluded that it is feasible to intranasally deliver mAbs as dry powders by transforming the mAbs into dry powders using thin-film freeze-drying and then spray the powder using the UDS Powder device.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>AboulFotouh, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahakijpijarn, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cano, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warnken, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, K. C.- W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, R. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.23.563139</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Feasibility of intranasal delivery of thin-film freeze-dried monoclonal antibodies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.26.562640v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Somatic mutation detection workflow validity distinctly influences clinical decision. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.26.562640v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Evaluating robustness of somatic mutation detections is essential when utilizing whole exome sequencing (WES) for treatment decision-making. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted using tumor WES from the FDA-led Sequencing Quality Control Phase 2 (SEQC2) project, in which multiple library kits sequenced identical DNA materials across three labs to benchmark analytical validity. These workflows included various read aligner (BWA, Bowtie2, DRAGEN-Aligner, DRAGMAP, and HISAT2) and mutation caller (Mutect2, TNscope, DRAGEN-Caller, and DeepVariant) combinations. The results revealed that DRAGEN exhibited superior performance, achieving mean F1-scores of 0.966 and 0.791 for SNV and INDEL detection, respectively. Among open-source software, BWA Mutect2 and HISAT2 Mutect2 combinations showed the highest mean F1-scores for SNV (0.949) and IN-DEL (0.722), respectively. The analyses indicated that high-quality data can be analyzed as having worse results, and vice versa. Evaluations of COSMIC reported mutations unveiled discrepancies across enrichment kits. IDT enrichment kits showed a higher false negative rate, while Agilent WES kits tended to miss mutations in CBL and IDH1, and Roche library kits tended to miss the mutations in PIK3CB. For drug-related biomarkers, Sentieon TNscope tended to underestimate tumor mutation burden and overlook crucial drug-resistance mutations such as FLT3 (c.G1879A: p.A627T) for cytarabine resistance in leukemia and MAP2K1 (c.G199A:p.D67N) for BRAF inhibitors in melanoma. The findings highlight the importance of robust bioinformatic analysis in identifying tumor mutations and guiding clinical decision-making.

HighlightsO_LIMutation callers had a significantly higher effect on overall sensitivity than aligners.
C_LIO_LIBenchmarking analyses demonstrated that high-quality sequencing reads can be analyzed as having worse results, and vice versa.
C_LIO_LIDRAGEN exhibited the best performance among other aligner-caller combinations.
C_LIO_LIThe combination of BWA with Mutect2 and HISAT2 with Mutect2 yielded the highest mean F1 scores for detecting SNVs and INDELs by open-source software, respectively.
C_LIO_LISentieon TNscope tended to underestimate the tumor mutation burden and missed several drug-resistant mutations.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chien, P.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, T.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, P.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.26.562640</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Somatic mutation detection workflow validity distinctly influences clinical decision.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.31.564890v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptome and Mutant Analysis of Neuronal Genes for Memory Formation and Retrieval in Caenorhabditis elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.31.564890v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although it is generally believed that the formation and retrieval of memory require distinct sets of genes, little is known about the identity and temporal specificity of genes that act at different memory stages. Here we characterize the transcriptomes for the formation and retrieval of stress-induced aversive memory in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Our RNA-sequencing analysis show that neuronal genes for calcium homeostasis, membrane excitability, synaptic function and signaling are progressively activated during the formation of aversive memory. Stage-specific transcriptomes further reveal that memory formation and retrieval display distinct gene activation patterns. We carried out a candidate screen of mutants for these memory genes and verified the temporal requirement of memory function for several of them. Further in-depth characterization of casy-1/calsyntenin show that while the short CASY-1B isoform acts in memory retrieval, the long CASY-1A isoform functions during memory formation, and its shed extracellular N-terminus fragment is likely a critical signal for memory regulation. Our work uncovers gene expression patterns associated with distinct memory stages and provides a foundation for future mechanistic interrogation of memory functions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.31.564890</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptome and Mutant Analysis of Neuronal Genes for Memory Formation and Retrieval in Caenorhabditis elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.04.565604v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Vegetation of Chamaecyparis montane cloud forest in Lalashan Forest Dynamics Plot 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.04.565604v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To understand the vegetation-environment relationships within the Chamaecyparis montane mixed cloud forest in Taiwan, we established a 1-ha Lalashan Forest Dynamics Plot (LFDP) in northern Taiwan (24{degrees}42D N, 121{degrees}26D E). We established the plot in July 2019 and finished the first census of all woody species in August 2020. We collected environmental factors related to the topography and soil properties, measured microclimate and soil moisture within the plot, and collected further microclimatic data with a nearby weather station. In total, we recorded 5220 individuals belonging to 65 species, 42 genera and 29 families, with a basal area of 69.1 m2 ha-1, dominated by Chamaecyparis obtusa var. formosana, Rhododendron formosanum and Quercus sessilifolia. Modified TWINSPAN classified vegetation into three types (ridge, east-facing slope and valley). Unconstrained ordination showed that the main gradients behind compositional changes are related to windwardness and convexity. The prevailing wind direction in the area is from the northeast, linked to the winter monsoon. Both east-facing slope type and valley type have relatively lower temperatures than ridge type, especially during summer. Convexity is related to soil moisture gradient (from dryer convex to wet concave sites). Fog frequency is seasonal, with the highest values during autumn and winter months. From soil properties, pH is negatively and phosphorus is positively related to topographical convexity. Litter decomposition is linked to both topographical, soil and biotic variables. Collected data will serve as a baseline for future resurveys and monitoring changes within this montane cloud forest.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, K.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeleny, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.04.565604</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Vegetation of Chamaecyparis montane cloud forest in Lalashan Forest Dynamics Plot]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.07.566145v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An acidophilic fungus is integral to prey digestion in a carnivorous plant 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.07.566145v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Carnivorous plant leaves, such as those of the spoon-leaved sundew Drosera spatulata, secrete mucilage which hosts microorganisms potentially aiding in prey digestion. We characterised the mucilage microbial communities and identified the acidophilic fungus Acrodontium crateriforme as the ecologically dominant species. The fungus grows and sporulates on sundew glands as its preferred acidic environment. We show that the A. crateriforme has a reduced genome similar to that of other symbiotic fungi. Based on the transcriptomes when encountering prey insects, we revealed a high degree of genes co-option in each species during fungus-plant coexistence and digestion. Expression patterns of the holobiont during digestion further revealed synergistic effects in several gene families including fungal aspartic and sedolisin peptidases, facilitating the digestion of sundews prey, as well as transporters and dose-dependent responses in plant genes involved in jasmonate signalling pathway. This study establishes that botanical carnivory is defined by multidimensional adaptations correlated with interspecies interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, P.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-f.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoh, D. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ke, H.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, I.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, M.-Y. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirschner, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, I. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.07.566145</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An acidophilic fungus is integral to prey digestion in a carnivorous plant]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.10.566671v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MiR-221/222-enriched ADSC-exosome mitigates PM exposure-exacerbated cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury through the modulation of the BNIP3/LC3B/PUMA pathway 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.10.566671v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundEpidemiology has demonstrated a strong relationship between fine particulate matter (PM) exposure and cardiovascular disease. Whether PM aggravates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and its related mechanisms remain unclear. Our previous study showed that adipose stem cell-derived exosomes (ADSC-Exo) contain a large amount of miR-221/222. This study investigated the effects of PM exposure on I/R-induced cardiac injury through mitophagy and apoptosis, as well as the potential role of miR-221/222 in ADSC-Exo.

MethodsWild-type, miR-221/222 knockout (miR-221/222 KO), and miR-221/222 overexpressed transgenic (miR-221/222 TG) mice were intratracheally injected with 100 g/kg PM for 24 h before I/R treatment. Ischemia was induced by temporarily occluding the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery with sutures for 30 min, followed by 3 h of reperfusion. In an in vitro model, H9c2 cells were exposed to 50 g/mL PM for 6 h and subjected to hypoxia (1% O2) at 37{degrees}C for 6 h, followed by 12 h reoxygenation.

ResultsPM aggravates I/R (H/R)-induced cardiac injury by increasing ROS levels and causing mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to an increase in mitochondrial fission-related proteins like Drp1 and Mff, mitophagy-related proteins such as BNIP3 and LC3B, as well as apoptosis-related proteins like PUMA and p-p53 in vivo and in vitro studies. In comparison, transfection of ADSC-Exo and miR-221/222 mimics significantly reduced PM+I/R (H/R)-induced cardiac injury. Importantly, ADSC-Exo contains miR-221/222, which directly targets BNIP3, LC3B, and PUMA, decreasing their expression and ultimately reducing cardiomyocyte mitophagy and apoptosis.

ConclusionsThe study showed that PM aggravates I/R or H/R-induced cardiac injury, and ADSC-Exo treatment significantly reduced this by regulating mitophagy and apoptosis through miR-221/222/BNIP3/LC3B/PUMA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, T.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, W.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, T.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, S.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, S.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, I.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, I.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.10.566671</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MiR-221/222-enriched ADSC-exosome mitigates PM exposure-exacerbated cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury through the modulation of the BNIP3/LC3B/PUMA pathway]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.13.563550v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Annotation-Free Deep Learning for Predicting Gene Mutations from Whole Slide Images of Acute Myeloid Leukemia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.13.563550v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The rapid development of deep learning in recent years has revolutionized the field of medical image processing, including the applications of using high-resolution whole slide images (WSIs) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) diagnosis. Although the potential of characterizing gene mutations directly from WSIs has been demonstrated in some cancers, it still faces challenges due to image resolutions and manual annotations. To address this, we propose a deep learning model based on multiple instance learning (MIL) with ensemble learning to predict gene mutations from AML annotation-free WSIs. Our deep learning model offers a promising solution for gene mutation prediction on NPM1 mutations and FLT3 -ITD without the need for patch-level or cell-level manual annotations, reducing the manpower and time costs associated with traditional supervised learning approaches. The dataset of 572 WSIs from AML patients that we used to train our MIL models is currently the largest independent database with both WSI and genetic mutation information. By leveraging upsampling and ensemble learning techniques, our final model achieved an AUC of 0.90 for predicting NPM1 mutations and 0.81 for FLT3 -ITD. This confirms the feasibility of directly obtaining gene mutation data through WSIs without the need for expert annotation and training involvement. Our study also compared the proportional representation of cell types before and after applying the MIL model, finding that blasts are consistently important indicators for gene mutation predictions, with their proportion increasing in mutated WSIs and decreasing in non-mutated WSIs after MIL application. These enhancements, leading to more precise predictions, have brought AML WSI analysis one step closer to being utilized in clinical practice.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wei, B.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, X. C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lo, M.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hung, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chou, W.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tien, H.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, H.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.13.563550</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Annotation-Free Deep Learning for Predicting Gene Mutations from Whole Slide Images of Acute Myeloid Leukemia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.12.566753v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic Diversity and Structural Complexity of the Killer-Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor Gene Complex: A Comprehensive Analysis using Human Pangenome Assemblies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.12.566753v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) gene complex, a highly polymorphic region of the human genome that encodes proteins involved in immune responses, poses strong challenges in genotyping due to its remarkable genetic diversity and structural intricacy. Accurate analysis of KIR alleles, including their structural variations, is crucial for understanding their roles in various immune responses. Leveraging the high-quality genome assemblies from the Human Pangenome Reference Consortium (HPRC), we present a novel bioinformatic tool, the Structural KIR annoTator (SKIRT), to investigate gene diversity and facilitate precise KIR allele analysis. We applied SKIRT on 47 HPRC-phased assemblies and identified a recurrent novel KIR2DS4/3DL1 fusion gene in the paternal haplotype of HG02630 and maternal haplotype of NA19240. Additionally, SKIRT accurately identifies eight structural variants and 17 novel nonsynonymous alleles, all of which were independently validated using short-read data or quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Our study has discovered a total of 570 novel alleles, among which eight haplotypes harbor at least one KIR gene duplication, six haplotypes have lost at least one framework gene, and 75 out of 94 haplotypes (79.8%) carry at least five novel alleles, thus confirming KIR genetic diversity. These findings are pivotal in providing insights into KIR gene diversity and serve as a solid foundation for understanding the functional consequences of KIR structural variations. High-resolution genome assemblies offer unprecedented opportunities to explore polymorphic regions that are challenging to investigate using short-read sequencing methods. The SKIRT pipeline emerges as a highly efficient tool, enabling the comprehensive detection of the complete spectrum of KIR alleles within human genome assemblies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hung, T.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, S.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuang, H.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, P.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.12.566753</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic Diversity and Structural Complexity of the Killer-Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor Gene Complex: A Comprehensive Analysis using Human Pangenome Assemblies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.18.567667v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Proteomic Features of Adolescents and Young Adults with Soft Tissue Tumours 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.18.567667v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Adolescents and young adult (AYA) patients with soft tissue tumours (STT) including sarcomas are an underserved group with disparities in treatment outcomes. To define the molecular features between AYA and older adult (OA) patients, we analysed the proteomic profiles of a large cohort of STT across 10 histological subtypes (AYA n=66, OA n=243). AYA tumours are enriched in proteins involved in mitochondrial metabolism while OA patients have elevated inflammatory and cell cycle signalling. By integrating the patient-level proteomic data with functional genomic profiles from sarcoma cell lines, we show that the mRNA splicing pathway is an intrinsic vulnerability in cell lines from OA patients and that components of the spliceosome complex are independent prognostic factors for metastasis free survival in AYA patients. Our study highlights the importance of performing age-specific molecular profiling studies to identify risk stratification tools and targeted agents tailored for the clinical management of AYA patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tam, Y. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Low, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>PS, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chadha, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burns, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilding, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arthur, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thway, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sadanandam, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, P. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.18.567667</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Proteomic Features of Adolescents and Young Adults with Soft Tissue Tumours]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.19.567767v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Crossmodal Hierarchical Predictive Coding for Audiovisual Sequences in Human Brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.19.567767v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Predictive-coding theory proposes that the brain actively predicts sensory inputs based on prior knowledge. While this theory has been extensively researched within individual sensory modalities, there is a crucial need for empirical evidence supporting hierarchical predictive processing across different modalities to further generalize the theory. Here, we examine how crossmodal knowledge is represented and learned in the brain by identifying the hierarchical networks underlying crossmodal predictions when information of one sensory modality leads to a prediction in another modality. We record electroencephalogram (EEG) in humans during a crossmodal audiovisual local-global oddball paradigm, in which the predictability of transitions between tones and images are manipulated at two hierarchical levels: stimulus-to-stimulus transition (local level) and multi-stimulus sequence structure (global level). With a model-fitting approach, we decompose the EEG data using three distinct predictive-coding models: one with no audiovisual integration, one with audiovisual integration at the global level, and one with audiovisual integration at both the local and global levels. The best-fitting model demonstrates that audiovisual integration occurs at both levels. This highlights a convergence of auditory and visual information to construct crossmodal predictions, even in the more basic interactions that occur between individual stimuli. Furthermore, we reveal the spatio-spectro-temporal signatures of prediction-error signals across hierarchies and modalities, and show that auditory and visual prediction-error signals are progressively redirected to the central-parietal area of the brain as learning progresses. Our findings unveil a crossmodal predictive coding mechanism, where the unimodal framework is implemented through more distributed brain networks to process hierarchical crossmodal knowledge.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, Y.-X. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, C.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koike, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, Z. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.19.567767</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Crossmodal Hierarchical Predictive Coding for Audiovisual Sequences in Human Brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.25.568523v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evaluating the performance of protein structure prediction in detecting structural changes of pathogenic nonsynonymous single nucleotide variants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.25.568523v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWProtein structure prediction serves as an efficient tool, saving time and circumventing the need for laborious experimental endeavors. Distinguished methodologies, including AlphaFold, RoseTTAFold, and ESMFold, have proven their precision through rigorous evaluation based on the last Critical Assessment of Protein Structure Prediction (CASP14). The success of protein structure prediction raises the following question: can the prediction tools discern structural alterations resulting from single amino acid changes? In this regard, the objective of this study is to assess the performance of existing structure prediction tools on mutated sequences. In this study, we posited that a specific fraction of the pathogenic nonsynonymous single nucleotide variants (nsSNVs) would experience structural alterations following amino acid mutations. We meticulously assembled an extensive dataset by initially sourcing data from ClinVar and subsequently applying multiple filters, resulting in 964 alternative sequences and their corresponding reference sequences. Utilizing UniProt, we acquired reference sequences and generated the corresponding alternative sequences based on variant information. This study performed three tools of structure prediction on both the reference and alternative sequences and expected some structural changes upon mutations. Our findings affirm AlphaFold as the foremost prediction tool presently; nonetheless, our experimental results underscore persistent challenges in accurately predicting structural alterations induced by nsSNVs. Discrepancies between the predicted structures of reference and alternative sequences, when observed, often stem from a lack of confidence in the predictions or the spatial separation between compact domains interrupted by disordered regions, posing challenges to successful alignment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lai, H.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.25.568523</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evaluating the performance of protein structure prediction in detecting structural changes of pathogenic nonsynonymous single nucleotide variants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.27.568843v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Colonization of Bacillus altitudinis on the Compatible Soybean Varieties to Provide Seed Rot Resistance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.27.568843v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Seed health is crucial for plant growth and agricultural productivity. Recent studies have illustrated the importance of plant microbiome in disease resistance, however, it remains unclear whether the seed microbiome confers seed rot resistance against fungal pathogens. In this study, the application of antibiotics on the seeds of eight soybean varieties showed that seed-associated bacteria were involved in the seed rot resistance caused by Calonectria ilicicola, but this resistance cannot be carried to withstand root rot. Using PacBio 16S rDNA full-length sequencing and microbiome analyses, the seed microbiome was shown to mainly dependent on the soybean variety, and there was no consistent community network associated with seed rot resistance across soybean varieties. Instead, the seed-associated Bacillus altitudinis was identified through the differential abundance analysis and culture-dependent isolation. Moreover, qPCR confirmed the persistence of B. altitudinis on apical shoots till 21 days post-inoculation, but not on roots by 9 days post-inoculation. The short-term colonization of B. altitudinis on roots may explain the absence of root rot resistance. Furthermore, seed treated with B. altitudinis restored seed rot resistance, but only in the compatible soybean varieties. For the incompatible soybean varieties, B. altitudinis showed lower bacterial density and provided no seed protection. Collectively, this study advances the insight of B. altitudinis conferring seed rot resistance. These findings highlight the potential of using seed-associated bacteria for seed protection and underscore the importance of considering bacterial compatibility with plant genotypes and tissues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, P.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, H.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.27.568843</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Colonization of Bacillus altitudinis on the Compatible Soybean Varieties to Provide Seed Rot Resistance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.29.568665v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Graph-KIR: Graph-based KIR Copy Number Estimation and Allele Calling Using Short-read Sequencing Data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.29.568665v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationThe Killer-cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor (KIR) is a highly polymorphic region in the human genome, associated with autoimmune diseases and organ transplantation. The sequences of KIR genes are highly similar among star alleles as well as in between individual genes, with the copy number of each KIR gene typically ranging from 0 to 4. In this study, we introduce a tool Graph-KIR that aims to estimate the copy number of genes and to call full-resolution (7-digit) KIR alleles from a whole genome sequencing (WGS) sample.

ResultsGraph-KIR, unlike most KIR tools, is capable of independently typing KIR alleles per sample with no reliance on the distribution of any framework gene in a cohort. In a set of 100 simulated samples, Graph-KIR demonstrated 100% accuracy in copy number estimation and high accuracy of allele typing: 91.2% at 7-digit resolution, 97.0% at 5-digit resolution, 97.2% at 3-digit resolution, and 99.6% at gene-level resolution. Graph-KIR outperforms existing tools such as PINGs WGS version (91.9% accuracy) and T1K (84.6% accuracy) at 5-digit resolution. By analyzing the results on 44 HPRC samples, Graph-KIR achieves an accuracy of 85.0%, better than PINGs WGS version (75.5% accuracy) at 5-digit resolution. The release of Graph-KIR adds another valuable tool to assist users in accurately estimating copy numbers and calling alleles of KIR genes from WGS samples, ensuring reliable performance.

AvailabilityThe Graph-KIR and paper-related pipeline codes are available at https://github.com/linnil1/KIR_graph.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuang, H.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hung, T.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, P.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.29.568665</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Graph-KIR: Graph-based KIR Copy Number Estimation and Allele Calling Using Short-read Sequencing Data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.20.576471v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Individual variability in neural representations of mind-wandering 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.20.576471v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mind-wandering is a frequent, daily mental activity, experienced in unique ways in each person. Yet neuroimaging evidence relating mind-wandering to brain activity, for example in the default mode network (DMN), has relied on population-rather than individual-based inferences due to limited within-individual sampling. Here, three densely-sampled individuals each reported hundreds of mind-wandering episodes while undergoing multi-session functional magnetic resonance imaging. We found reliable associations between mind-wandering and DMN activation when estimating brain networks within individuals using precision functional mapping. However, the timing of spontaneous DMN activity relative to subjective reports, and the networks beyond DMN that were activated and deactivated during mind-wandering, were distinct across individuals. Connectome-based predictive modeling further revealed idiosyncratic, whole-brain functional connectivity patterns that consistently predicted mind-wandering within individuals but did not fully generalize across individuals. Predictive models of mind-wandering and attention that were derived from larger-scale neuroimaging datasets largely failed when applied to densely-sampled individuals, further highlighting the need for personalized models. Our work offers novel evidence for both conserved and variable neural representations of self-reported mind-wandering in different individuals. The previously-unrecognized inter-individual variations reported here underscore the broader scientific value and potential clinical utility of idiographic approaches to brain-experience associations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kucyi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bounyarith, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braun, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shareef-Trudeau, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Treves, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braga, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, P.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hung, S.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-01-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.01.20.576471</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Individual variability in neural representations of mind-wandering]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-01-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.15.580425v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fusion, fission, and scrambling of the bilaterian genome in Bryozoa 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.15.580425v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Groups of orthologous genes are commonly found together on the same chromosome over vast evolutionary distances. This extensive physical gene linkage, known as macrosynteny, is seen between bilaterian phyla as divergent as Chordata, Echinodermata, Mollusca, and Nemertea. Here, we report a unique pattern of genome evolution in Bryozoa, an understudied phylum of colonial invertebrates. Using comparative genomics, we reconstruct the chromosomal evolutionary history of five bryozoans. Multiple ancient chromosome fusions followed by gene mixing led to the near-complete loss of bilaterian linkage groups in the ancestor of extant bryozoans. A second wave of rearrangements, including chromosome fission, then occurred independently in two bryozoan classes, further scrambling bryozoan genomes. We also discover at least five derived chromosomal fusion events shared between bryozoans and brachiopods, supporting the traditional but highly debated Lophophorata hypothesis. Finally, we show that chromosome fusion and fission processes led to the partitioning of genes from bryozoan Hox clusters onto multiple chromosomes. Our findings demonstrate that the canonical bilaterian genome structure has been lost across all studied representatives of an entire phylum; reveal that linkage group fission can occur very frequently in specific lineages; and provide a powerful source of phylogenetic information.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lewin, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, I. J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, M.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bishop, J. D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holland, P. W. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.15.580425</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fusion, fission, and scrambling of the bilaterian genome in Bryozoa]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.28.582497v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Expansion microscopy for super-resolution imaging of collagen-abundant tissues 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.28.582497v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Expansion microscopy (ExM) is popular for three-dimensional ultrastructural imaging of cultured cells and tissue slices at nanoscale resolution with conventional microscopes via physical expansion of biological tissues. However, the application of this technology to collagen-abundant thick tissues is challenging. We demonstrate a new method, collagen expansion microscopy (ColExM), optimized for expanding tissues containing more than 70% collagen. ColExM succeeded in 4.5-fold linear expansion with minimal structural distortion of corneal and skin tissues. It was also compatible with immunostaining, allowing super-resolution visualization of three-dimensional neural structures innervating hair follicles and corneas. With ColExM, we succeeded in identifying individual mitochondria and previously unrecognized dendritic spine-like structures of corneal nerves. ColExM also enabled fine mapping of structural rearrangement of tight junctions and actin cytoskeletons. Therefore, this method can facilitate the exploration of three-dimensional nanoscale structures in collagen-rich tissues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chuang, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, S.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, S.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, L.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.28.582497</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Expansion microscopy for super-resolution imaging of collagen-abundant tissues]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.05.583504v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spectroscopic assessment of flavor-related chemical compounds in fresh tea shoots using deep learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.05.583504v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This study employs a deep-learning method, Y-Net, to estimate 10 tea flavor-related chemical compounds (TFCC), including gallic acid, caffeine and eight catechin isomers, using fresh tea shoot reflectance and transmittance. The unique aspect of Y-Net lies in its utilization of dual inputs, reflectance and transmittance, which are seamlessly integrated within the Y-Net architecture. This architecture harnesses the power of a convolutional neural network-based residual network to fuse tea shoot spectra effectively. This strategic combination enhances the capacity of the model to discern intricate patterns in the optical characteristics of fresh tea shoots, providing a comprehensive framework for TFCC estimation. In this study, we destructively sampled tea shoots from tea farms in Alishan (Ali-Mountain) in Central Taiwan within the elevation range of 879-1552 m a.s.l. Tea shoot reflectance and transmittance data (n = 2032) within the optical region (400-2500 nm) were measured using a portable spectroradiometer and pre-processed using an algorithm; corresponding TFCC were qualified using the high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. To enhance the robustness and performance of Y-Net, we employed data augmentation techniques for model training. We compared the performances of Y-Net and seven other commonly utilized statistical, machine-/deep-learning models (partial least squared regression, Gaussian process, cubist, random forests and three feedforward neural networks) using root-mean-square error (RMSE). Furthermore, we assessed the prediction accuracies of Y-Net and Y-Net using spectra within the visible and near-infrared (VNIR) regions (for higher energy throughput and low-cost instruments) and reflectance only (for airborne and spaceborne remote sensing applications). The results showed that overall Y-Net (mean RMSE {+/-} standard deviation [SD] = 2.51 {+/-} 2.20 mg g-1) outperformed the other statistical, machine- and deep-learning models ([&ge;] 2.59 {+/-} 2.64 mg g-1), demonstrating its superiority in predicting TFCC. In addition, this original Y-Net also yielded slightly lower mean RMSE ({+/-} SD) compared with VNIR (2.76 {+/-} 2.41 mg g-1) and reflectance-only (2.68 {+/-} 2.74 mg g-1) Y-Nets using validation data. This study highlights the feasibility of using spectroscopy and Y-Net to assess minor biochemical components in fresh tea shoots and sheds light on the potential of the proposed approach for effective regional monitoring of tea shoot quality.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Denaro, L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, C.-y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.05.583504</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spectroscopic assessment of flavor-related chemical compounds in fresh tea shoots using deep learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.12.584714v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Detection of oat crown rust disease in Taiwan (2019-2021) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.12.584714v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Oat is a minor forage crop grown in Taiwan. Only a few historical records of oat rust disease have been reported in the country, therefore the pathogen population remains poorly characterized. A rust-like disease outbreak was detected at the Experimental Farm of National Taiwan University in 2019, which caused significant damage to the field experiments. To determine the identity of the pathogen responsible for this disease outbreak, we collected infected foliar material. Disease signs suggested infection by the oat crown rust fungus. Hence, common procedures in rust pathology were applied to confirm the identity of the pathogen with phenotypic and molecular diagnostic techniques. A total of 50 field samples from infected oat cultivars were collected in 2019 and five rust isolates were purified in 2020 and 2021. Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS sequences indicated that the pathogen was likely Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae (Pca), which was further supported by the placement of Taiwanese isolate NTU-01 with other Pca representatives in a phylogenetic tree of Basidiomycete fungi. Phenotyping assays across 36 oat differential lines demonstrated that Taiwanese isolates are phenotypically similar with relatively limited virulence. This study presents the first molecular confirmation of Pca in Taiwan and reports the virulence profiles of Taiwanese Pca population.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ho, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henningsen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ariyawansa, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nazareno, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sperschneider, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dodds, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riddle, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kianian, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Figueroa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.12.584714</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Detection of oat crown rust disease in Taiwan (2019-2021)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.14.584931v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Advancing marker-gene-based methods for prokaryote-mediated multifunctional redundancy: exploring random and nonrandom extinctions in a watershed 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.14.584931v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multifunctional redundancy, the extent of loss in multiple ecosystem functions with decreasing biodiversity, stands as a crucial index for evaluating ecosystem resilience to environmental changes. We aimed to refine a marker-gene-based methodology for quantifying multifunctional redundancy in prokaryotic communities. Using PICRUSt2, we predicted KEGG orthologs (KOs) for each Amplicon Sequence Variant (ASV), assessed community-wide KO richness, and validated predictions against experimentally quantified phenotypic multifunctionality. Additionally, we introduced a refined regression on ASV richness-KO richness curves, providing a reliable estimate of the power-law exponent within computational time constraints, serving as the multifunctional redundancy index. Incorporating various non-random extinction scenarios alongside a random one allowed us to quantify estimate variations between scenarios, providing conservative estimates of multifunctional redundancy. Applied to Lake Biwa and four of its inlet rivers, the refined methodology unveiled spatio-temporal variations in multifunctional redundancy. Our analysis demonstrated lower redundancy in Lake Biwa compared to rivers, aiding in prioritizing conservation targets and inferring distinct community assembly processes. Future directions include a deeper exploration of KO composition information for detailed multifunctionality quantification and the refinement of extinction scenarios. This study demonstrates the promising integration of bioinformatic functional prediction and modeling biodiversity loss, offering a valuable tool for effective ecosystem management.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cheng, W.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miki, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ido, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoneya, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matsui, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yokokawa, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamanaka, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakano, S.-i.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.14.584931</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Advancing marker-gene-based methods for prokaryote-mediated multifunctional redundancy: exploring random and nonrandom extinctions in a watershed]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.15.585140v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Clostridium innocuum, an opportunistic gut pathogen, inactivates host gut progesterone and arrests ovarian follicular development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.15.585140v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
HighlightsO_LIWe identified Clostridium innocuum as a key player in gut progesterone metabolism.
C_LIO_LIProgesterone is converted into epipregnanolone with negligible progestogenic activity.
C_LIO_LIWe identified the enzyme and mechanisms of microbial epipregnanolone production.
C_LIO_LIC. innocuum caused decreased serum progesterone and follicular arrest in female mice.
C_LIO_LIC. innocuum is a causal factor of progesterone resistance in women taking progesterone.
C_LI



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=93 SRC="FIGDIR/small/585140v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (33K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@14cceaborg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1946432org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@13e46d2org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@19b9a25_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG O_FLOATNOGraphical AbstractC_FLOATNO C_FIG In briefChen et al. identified Clostridium innocuum as a major species involved in gut progesterone metabolism, with epipregnanolone as the main product, and elucidated the molecular mechanisms. C. innocuum inactivates gut progesterone in female mice, leading to decreased circulating progesterone levels. C. innocuum is also a causal factor of follicular arrest.

Levels of progesterone, an endogenous female hormone, increase after ovulation; progesterone is crucial in the luteal phase to maintain successful pregnancy and prevent early miscarriage. Both endogenous and exogenous progesterone are recycled between the liver and gut; thus, the gut microbiota regulate host progesterone levels by inhibiting enterohepatic progesterone circulation. Our data indicated Clostridium innocuum as a major species involved in gut progesterone metabolism in women with infertility. C. innocuum converts progesterone into the neurosteroid epipregnanolone (with negligible progestogenic activity). We purified and characterized the corresponding enzyme, namely NADPH-dependent 5{beta}-dihydroprogesterone reductase, which is highly oxygen sensitive and whose corresponding genes are prevalent in C. innocuum. Moreover, C. innocuum-administered female C57BL/6 mice (aged 7 weeks) exhibited decreased serum progesterone levels ([~]35%). Clostridium-specific antibiotics (metronidazole) restored low serum progesterone levels in these mice. Furthermore, prolonged C. innocuum administration (12 weeks) arrested ovarian follicular development in female mice. Cytological and histological analyses indicated that C. innocuum may cause luteal phase insufficiency and affect menstrual regularity. Our findings suggest C. innocuum as a causal factor of progesterone resistance in women taking progesterone.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, M.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chou, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsiao, T.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, T.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, K.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, T.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gicana, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shih, C.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandon-Mong, G.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, P.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tseng, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, Y.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.15.585140</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Clostridium innocuum, an opportunistic gut pathogen, inactivates host gut progesterone and arrests ovarian follicular development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.23.586378v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Development of a tightly regulated copper-inducible transient gene expression system in Nicotiana benthamiana incorporating suicide exon and Cre recombinase 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.23.586378v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chemical-inducible gene expression systems have been frequently used to regulate gene expression for functional genomics in various plant species. However, a convenient chemical-inducible system that can tightly regulate transgene expression in Nicotiana benthamiana is still missing. In this study, we developed a tightly regulated copper-inducible system that can be used to regulate transgene expression and perform cell death assays in N. benthamiana. We tested several chemical-inducible systems using Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression and found that the copper-inducible system showed the least concerns of leakiness issues. Using the MoClo-based synthetic biology approach, we optimized the design of the copper-inducible system and incorporated the use of the suicide exon HyP5SM/OsL5 and Cre/LoxP as additional regulatory elements to enhance the tightness of the regulation. This new design allowed us to tightly control the hypersensitive cell death induced by several tested NLRs and their matching AVRs, and it can also be easily applied to regulate the expression of other transgenes in transient expression assays. Our findings provide new approaches for both fundamental and translational studies in plant functional genomics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chiang, B.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, K.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goh, F.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, L.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.23.586378</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Development of a tightly regulated copper-inducible transient gene expression system in Nicotiana benthamiana incorporating suicide exon and Cre recombinase]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.26.586198v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MOS4-Associated Complex subunits 3A and 3B modulate FLM splicing to repress photoperiod-dependent floral transition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.26.586198v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plants adjust their flowering time by integrating environmental cues through complex regulatory networks. RNA splicing plays a crucial role in modulating gene expression in response to flowering signals. The MOS4-associated complex (MAC), consisting of the evolutionarily conserved E3 ubiquitin ligases MAC3A and MAC3B, is pivotal in splicing regulation. However, their involvement in floral transition remained unclear. This study observed that mac3a/mac3b mutants flowered significantly earlier under short-day (SD) conditions, a phenotype absent under long-day (LD) conditions. This early flowering correlated with upregulation of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO 1 (SOC1) compared to wild-type plants. Transcriptomic analysis revealed alterations in transcript levels and splicing profiles of key floral regulators across different flowering pathways. Further investigation identified the thermosensory flowering regulator FLOWERING LOCUS M (FLM) as being influenced by MAC3A and MAC3B. Subsequently, we found that MAC3A and MAC3B exhibited higher expression and were associated with FLM transcripts to modulate their splicing in SD. This study elucidates how the MAC complex, through RNA splicing regulation, integrates environmental signals to modulate flowering, unveiling a new layer of complexity in flowering pathways crosstalk under non-inductive photoperiods.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tseng, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ly, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, S.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.26.586198</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MOS4-Associated Complex subunits 3A and 3B modulate FLM splicing to repress photoperiod-dependent floral transition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.26.586754v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Novel synthetic ecteinascidins exhibit potent anti-melanoma activity by suppressing super-enhancer-driven oncogenic transcription 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.26.586754v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The dynamic cellular transitions exhibited by skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) cells present a significant challenge to current therapeutic approaches, emphasizing the critical need for innovative treatments. Lurbinectedin, a marine-derived compound belonging to the ecteinascidin family, has recently gained approval for the treatment of metastatic small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). In this study, we demonstrate the efficacy of lurbinectedin against SKCM cells, irrespective of their driver mutations or phenotypic states. Additionally, we have developed two novel derivatives of lurbinectedin, termed ecubectedin and PM54, both of which exhibit potent cytotoxic effects on SKCM cells. Moreover, these analogs demonstrate robust anti-tumor activity in melanoma xenograft models, including those resistant to current therapies, leading to prolonged animal survival. Mechanistically, our investigation reveals that these novel synthetic ecteinascidins markedly suppress oncogenic super-enhancer (SE)-mediated gene expression in SKCM cells through a multifaceted mechanism. They bind to and inhibit the activity of promoters of lineage-specific master transcription factors, as well as promoters of genes encoding ubiquitous transcription factors/coactivators, which are highly enriched at oncogenic SEs. These mechanisms likely synergize to disrupt the expression of cancer-promoting genes. Overall, our findings highlight the potential of synthetic ecteinascidins as promising therapeutics for cancers characterized by diverse transcriptional landscapes, particularly in cases where conventional therapeutic options have failed due to the heterogeneity of malignant cell population
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Coin, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.26.586754</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Novel synthetic ecteinascidins exhibit potent anti-melanoma activity by suppressing super-enhancer-driven oncogenic transcription]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.27.583983v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A high-resolution haplotype pangenome uncovers somatic hybridization, recombination and intercontinental migration in oat crown rust 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.27.583983v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Basidiomycetes like rust fungi have complex reproductive cycles and dikaryotic life stages which influence their population structure and evolution. Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae (Pca), the causal agent of oat crown rust, is a pathogen of global economic importance. To investigate the genetic diversity of the species, as well as the role of mating type system and nuclear exchange (somatic hybridization) in host adaptation of Pca we acquired whole genome sequencing data of Taiwanese and Australian isolates, adding to existing data for USA and South African populations. An atlas of 30 chromosome-level, fully-phased nuclear haplotypes from six USA isolates and nine Australian isolates was generated to capture the genomic composition of key oat crown rust lineages. This study provides evidence of nuclear exchange and recombination of haplotypes in both the USA and Australian Pca populations as mechanisms for the introduction of genetic diversity. The limitations of assuming clonal evolutionary history from virulence phenotyping is demonstrated by the detection of either sexual or cryptic genetic recombination in the Pca Australian population. Overall, the characterization of intercontinental migration of Pca at the haplotype level provides further impetus for molecular monitoring of rust pathogen populations on a global scale.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Henningsen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nazareno, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steffenson, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boesen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kianian, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stone, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dodds, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sperschneider, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Figueroa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.27.583983</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A high-resolution haplotype pangenome uncovers somatic hybridization, recombination and intercontinental migration in oat crown rust]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.29.587372v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Can social media serve as a potential citizen science source for bird-window collision (BWC) data? A study using a decadal data set in Taiwan 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.29.587372v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Citizen science is increasingly used in bird-window collision (BWC) research to collect data. However, few studies have collected BWC data from social media, and it remains unknown whether the data quality is comparable to that of reported on dedicated platforms. To evaluate the potential of social media as a citizen science data source for BWC, we collected BWC data on social media Facebook as well as Taiwan Roadkill Observation Network (TaiRON), the main dedicated citizen science platform for reporting wildlife mortalities in Taiwan. We compared a decade of BWC data (2012-2022) from the two platforms by examining the nationwide geographical coverage and the species compositions of the BWC observations. Overall, we recorded 2,583 BWC cases involving 153 BWC species from Facebook, and 1,000 BWC cases involving 104 BWC species from TaiRON. More than half of the BWC individuals from Facebook were not found dead when observed, whereas all records on TaiRON were dead individuals. The nationwide geographical coverage and the species compositions of the top 80% cumulative BWC individuals were generally similar between the two platforms. Moreover, the sampling completeness of the two platforms both exceeded 95% (Facebook: 98.0%; TaiRON: 96.0%). To our knowledge, this study is among the first to collect BWC data through social media posts, and our results show that the quantity and quality of Facebook data can be comparable to that of the well-developed citizen science platform TaiRON. Taken together, social media Facebook may not only serve as a promising tool for collecting BWC data, but also provide a platform for public education, which can benefit bird conservation. Finally, integrating data from different citizen science sources helps paint a more complete picture of BWC patterns, especially in understudied areas such as Asia.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, G.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.29.587372</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Can social media serve as a potential citizen science source for bird-window collision (BWC) data? A study using a decadal data set in Taiwan]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.02.587698v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chromosome-level genome assembly of the loach goby, Rhyacichthys aspro, reveals mechanisms underlying Gobioidei diversification 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.02.587698v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The percomorph fish clade Gobioidei are a suborder that comprises over 2,200 species distributed in nearly all aquatic habitats. To understand the genetics underlying their diversification, we sequenced and annotated the genome of the loach goby, Rhyacichthys aspro, the basal most group, and compared it with nine additional Gobioidei species. Within Gobioidei, the loach goby possesses the smallest genome at 607 Mb, and a rise in species diversity from basal to derived lineages is mirrored by enlarged genomes and a higher presence of repeat elements (REs), particularly DNA transposons. These transposons are enriched in coding and regulatory regions and their copy number increase is strongly correlated with mutation rate, suggesting that DNA repair after transposon excision/insertion leads to nearby mutations. Consequently, the proliferation of DNA transposons might be the crucial driver of Gobioidei diversification and adaptability. The loach goby genome also points to mechanisms of ecological adaptation. It contains relatively few genes for lateral line development but an over representation of synaptic function genes, with genes putatively under selection linked to synapse organization and calcium signaling, suggesting a sensory system distinct from other Gobioidei species. We also see an overabundance of genes involved in neurocranium development and renal function, adaptations likely connected to its flat morphology suited for strong currents and an amphidromous life cycle. Comparative analyses with hill-stream loaches and the European eel reveal convergent adaptations in body shape and saltwater balance. These findings shed light on the loach gobys survival mechanisms and the broader evolutionary trends within Gobioidei.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, T.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ting, C.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaw, S.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.02.587698</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chromosome-level genome assembly of the loach goby, Rhyacichthys aspro, reveals mechanisms underlying Gobioidei diversification]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.03.587896v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A robust platform for BaEVRless-lentiviral synthesis and primary natural killer cell transduction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.03.587896v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lentiviral vectors are invaluable tools for genetic modification in human cells for research, biotechnological and clinical applications. However, certain cell types, such as primary human natural killer (NK) cells, present challenges in lentiviral transduction. Overcoming this limitation requires specific pseudotype modifications. BaEVRless-pseudotyped lentivirus (BaEVRless-LV) has shown promise in efficiently transducing human NK cells, B cells, and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). BaEVRless, a modified envelope protein derived from Baboon endogenous retrovirus, targets ASCT receptors in human cells. While effective for several immune cell types, BaEVRless-LV production in standard HEK293T cells is challenging. During lentiviral synthesis, BaEVRless protein induces hyper cell fusion, leading to rapid HEK293T cell death and reduced BaEVRless-LV titers. To solve this problem, we used CRISPR genome editing to knockout (KO) the ASCT2 gene in HEK293T cells, thereby abolishing BaEVRless-induced cell fusion. Using the ASCT2-KO cells and an optimized viral production protocol, we efficiently packaged high titers of BaEVRless-LV encoding various transgenes, including turbogfp, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), and a pooled CRISPR sgRNA library. Our robust BaEVRless-LV synthesis platform is readily adaptable for manufacturing cell therapeutics and enables advanced research techniques such as CRISPR genetic screens in primary NK cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lan, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, Q. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, T.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, K.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.03.587896</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A robust platform for BaEVRless-lentiviral synthesis and primary natural killer cell transduction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.03.587938v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Zebrafish Foxl2l suppresses stemness and directs feminization of germline progenitors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.03.587938v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Zebrafish is an important organism for genetic studies, but its germ cell types and the mechanism of sex differentiation remain elusive. Here, we conducted a single-cell transcriptomic profiling and charted a developmental trajectory going from germline stem cells, through early, committed, and late progenitors, to pre-meiotic and meiotic cells. A transcription factor, Foxl2l, is expressed in the progenitors committed to the ovary fate. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated mutation of foxl2l produced 100% male fish with normal fertility. Another single-cell profiling of foxl2l-/- germ cells reveals the arrest of early progenitors. Concomitantly the expression of nanos2 (stem cell marker) and id1 (transcription repressor in stem cells) was elevated together with an increase of nanos2+ germ cell in foxl2l mutants, indicating the reversion to the stem cell state. Thus, we have identified developmental stages of germ cells in juvenile zebrafish and demonstrated that Foxl2l drives zebrafish germ cell progenitors toward feminization and prevents them from reverting back to the stem cell state.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hsu, C.-w.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, K.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, B.-c.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.03.587938</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Zebrafish Foxl2l suppresses stemness and directs feminization of germline progenitors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.10.588845v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiplexed Assays of Human Disease-relevant Mutations Reveal UTR Dinucleotide Composition as a Major Determinant of RNA Stability 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.10.588845v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
UTRs contain crucial regulatory elements for RNA stability, translation and localization, so their integrity is indispensable for gene expression. Approximately 3.7% of genetic variants associated with diseases occur in UTRs, yet a comprehensive understanding of UTR variant functions remains limited due to inefficient experimental and computational assessment methods. To systematically evaluate the effects of UTR variants on RNA stability, we established a massively parallel reporter assay on 6,555 UTR variants reported in human disease databases. We examined the RNA degradation patterns mediated by the UTR library in two cell lines, and then applied LASSO regression to model the influential regulators of RNA stability. We found that UA dinucleotides and UA-rich motifs are the most prominent destabilizing element. Gain of UA dinucleotide outlined mutant UTRs with reduced stability. Studies on endogenous transcripts indicate that high UA-dinucleotide ratios in UTRs promote RNA degradation. Conversely, elevated GC content and protein binding on UA dinucleotides protect high-UA RNA from degradation. Further analysis reveals polarized roles of UA- dinucleotide-binding proteins in RNA protection and degradation. Furthermore, the UA- dinucleotide ratio of both UTRs is a common characteristic of genes in innate immune response pathways, implying a coordinated stability regulation through UTRs at the transcriptomic level. We also demonstrate that stability-altering UTRs are associated with changes in biobank-based health indices, underscoring the importance of precise UTR regulation for wellness. Our study highlights the importance of RNA stability regulation through UTR primary sequences, paving the way for further exploration of their implications in gene networks and precision medicine.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Su, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.10.588845</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiplexed Assays of Human Disease-relevant Mutations Reveal UTR Dinucleotide Composition as a Major Determinant of RNA Stability]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.10.588949v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Discrete photoentrainment of mammalian central clock is regulated by bi-stable dynamic network in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.10.588949v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The circadian clock, an evolutionarily conserved mechanism regulating the majority of physiological functions in many organisms, is synchronized with the environmental light-dark cycle through circadian photoentrainment. This process is mediated by light exposure at specific times, leading to a discrete phase shift including phase delays during early subjective night, phase advances during late subjective night, and no shift at midday, known as the dead zone. In mammals, such as mice, the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) are crucial for conveying light information to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the central clock consisting of approximately 20,000 neurons. While the intracellular signaling pathways that modulate clock gene expression post-light exposure are well-studied, the functional neuronal circuits responsible for the three discrete light responses are not well understood. Utilizing in vivo two-photon microscopy with gradient-index (GRIN) endoscopes, we have identified seven distinct light responses from SCN neurons. Our findings indicate that light responses from individual SCN neurons are mostly stochastic from trial to trial. However, at the population level, light response composition remains similar across trials, with only minor variations between circadian times, suggesting a dynamic populational coding for light input. Additionally, only a small subset of SCN neurons shows consistent light responses. Furthermore, by utilizing the targeted recombination in active populations (TRAP) system to label neurons that respond to light during early subjective night, we demonstrate that their activation can induce phase delays at any circadian time, effectively breaking the gate that produce photoentrainment dead zone typically observed at midday. Our results suggest the existence of at least two separate time-dependent functional circuits within the SCN. We propose a dynamic bi-stable network model for circadian photoentrainment in the mammalian central clock, where a shifting clock is driven by a dynamic functional circuit utilizing population coding to integrate information flow similar to proposed cortical computational network, rather than a simplistic, consistent linear circuit.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yeh, P.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jhan, K.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chua, E.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, S.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.10.588949</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Discrete photoentrainment of mammalian central clock is regulated by bi-stable dynamic network in the suprachiasmatic nucleus.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.11.589132v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Massively Parallel Polyribosome Profiling Reveals Translation Defects of Human Disease-Relevant UTR Mutations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.11.589132v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The untranslated regions (UTRs) of mRNAs harbor regulatory elements influencing translation efficiency. Although 3.7% of disease-relevant human mutations occur in UTRs, their exact role in pathogenesis remains unclear. Through metagene analysis, we mapped pathogenic UTR mutations to regions near coding sequences, with a focus on the upstream open reading frame (uORF) initiation site. Subsequently, we utilized massively parallel poly(ribo)some profiling to compare the ribosome associations of 6,555 pairs of wildtype and mutant UTR fragments. We identified 46 UTR variants that altered polysome profiles, with enrichment in pathogenic mutations. Both univariate analysis and the elastic net regression model highlighted the significance of motifs of short repeated sequences, including SRSF2 binding sites, as mutation hotspots that lead to aberrant translation. Furthermore, these polysome-shifting mutations exhibited considerable impact on RNA secondary structures, particularly for upstream AUG-containing 5 UTRs. Integrating these features, our model achieved high accuracy (AUROC > 0.8) in predicting polysome-shifting mutations in the test dataset. Additionally, several lines of evidence indicate that changes in uORF usage underlie the translation deficiency arising from these mutations. Illustrating this, we demonstrate that a pathogenic mutation in the IRF6 5 UTR suppresses translation of the primary open reading frame by creating a uORF. Remarkably, site- directed ADAR editing of the mutant mRNA rescued this translation deficiency. Overall, our study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of UTR mutations and their links to clinical impacts through translation defects.



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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, W.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, H.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ko, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, B.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.11.589132</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Massively Parallel Polyribosome Profiling Reveals Translation Defects of Human Disease-Relevant UTR Mutations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.13.589308v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Parameter quantification for oxygen transport in the human brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.13.589308v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Oxygen is carried to the brain by blood flow through generations of vessels across a wide range of length scales. This multi-scale nature of blood flow and oxygen transport poses challenges on investigating the mechanisms underlying both healthy and pathological states through imaging techniques alone. Recently, multi-scale models describing whole brain perfusion and oxygen transport have been developed. Such models rely on effective parameters that represent the microscopic properties. While parameters of the perfusion models have been characterised, those for oxygen transport are still lacking. In this study, we set to quantify the parameters associated with oxygen transport and their uncertainties. We first present a multi-scale, multi-compartment oxygen transport model based on a porous continuum approach. We then determine the effective values of the model parameters. By using statistically accurate capillary networks, geometric parameters (vessel volume fraction and surface area to volume ratio) that capture the microvascular topologies are found to be 1.42% and 627 [mm2/mm3], respectively. These values compare well with those obtained from human and monkey vascular samples. In addition, maximum consumption rates of oxygen are optimised to uniquely define the oxygen distribution over depth. Simulation results from a one-dimensional tissue column show qualitative agreement with experimental measurements of tissue oxygen partial pressure in rats. We highlight the importance of anatomical accuracy through simulation performed within a patient-specific brain mesh. Finally, one-at-a-time sensitivity analysis reveals that the oxygen model is not sensitive to most of its parameters; however, perturbations in oxygen solubilities and plasma to whole blood oxygen concentration ratio have a considerable impact on the tissue oxygenation. These findings demonstrate the validity of using a porous continuum approach to model organ-scale oxygen transport and draw attention to the significance of anatomy and certain parameter values.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bing, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jozsa, T. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payne, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.13.589308</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Parameter quantification for oxygen transport in the human brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.17.589679v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Libra in the Brain: Neural Correlates of Error Awareness Predict Moral Wrongness and Guilt Proneness 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.17.589679v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Error awareness is a fundamental mechanism in humans. Through traditional psychological tasks, certain neural activities that represent errors in objective manners have been identified. However, there is limited knowledge on how humans subjectively determine right from wrong in moral contexts. In this study, participants (N=39) mentally simulated themselves as the agents of moral and immoral behaviors, while viewing a series of actions with EEG recording and MRI scanning, respectively. A significant difference in error-related negativity (ERN) was observed among morally wrong scenarios, accompanied by higher wrongfulness ratings. Additionally, individual differences in guilt-proneness could predict the subjects ERN amplitude. The ERN amplitude was correlated with the BOLD activity in the anterior mid-cingulate cortex and anterior insula to immoral scenarios, reflecting error awareness toward moral wrongfulness. The late potential component displayed greater negativity to immoral scenarios and was correlated with BOLD activities in the amygdala, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and temporoparietal junction, indicating cognitive and affective evaluation in moral judgment. In line with the moral dynamic framework, our results demonstrated individual variability in moral judgments, as indicated by dispersed and overlapping cognitive neural networks. This suggests that subjective evaluations of wrongfulness are underpinned by neural mechanisms, associated with those involved in objective error awareness.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kao, S. S.- C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.17.589679</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Libra in the Brain: Neural Correlates of Error Awareness Predict Moral Wrongness and Guilt Proneness]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.25.591227v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effects of Age on Cross-Cultural Differences in the Neural Correlates of Memory Retrieval 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.25.591227v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Culture can shape memory, but little research investigates age effects. The present study examines the neural correlates of memory retrieval for old, new, and similar lures in younger and older Americans and Taiwanese. Results show that age and culture impact discrimination of old from new items. Taiwanese performed worse than Americans, with age effects more pronounced for Taiwanese. Americans activated the hippocampus for new more than old items, but pattern of activity for the conditions did not differ for Taiwanese, nor did it interact with age. The engagement of left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) differed across cultures. Patterns of greater activity for old (for Americans) or new (for Taiwanese) items were eliminated with age, particularly for older Americans. The results are interpreted as reflecting cultural differences in orientation to novelty vs. familiarity for younger, but not older, adults, with the LIFG supporting interference resolution at retrieval. Support is not as strong for cultural differences in pattern separation processes. Although Americans had higher levels of memory discrimination than Taiwanese and engaged the LIFG for correct rejections more than false alarms, the patterns of behavior and neural activity did not interact with culture and age. Neither culture nor age impacted hippocampal activity, which is surprising given the regions role in pattern separation. The findings suggest ways in which cultural life experiences and concomitant information processing strategies can contribute to consistent effects of age across cultures or contribute to different trajectories with age in terms of memory.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cho, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leger, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valoumas, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mair, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goh, J. O. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutchess, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.25.591227</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effects of Age on Cross-Cultural Differences in the Neural Correlates of Memory Retrieval]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.28.591542v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
How weedy Arabidopsis thaliana dominated the world: ancestral variation and polygenic adaptation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.28.591542v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The composition of a species could change with demographic turnovers, where dominant populations quickly expanded and replaced others. However, whether such events have a genetic basis remains to be investigated. Previous studies showed that Arabidopsis thaliana experienced a significant demographic turnover, where "non-relicts" replaced "relicts" throughout Eurasia. Here, we showed that non-relicts have smaller seeds, more seeds per fruit, and a higher germination rate, making them more competitive over relicts. Using a unique population enriching relict alleles while minimizing population structure, we identified candidate loci and showed that such trait divergence was caused by the divergent sorting of multiple ancient haplotypes in a Mendelian gene and joint allele frequency change of polygenes affecting single-trait divergence and multi-trait covariance. This study is one of the few genetic investigations of species-wide demographic turnover, emphasizing the importance of processes different from the much-focused hard selective sweep.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lo, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chien, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, P.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.28.591542</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[How weedy Arabidopsis thaliana dominated the world: ancestral variation and polygenic adaptation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.05.591902v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional coexistence theory: a mechanistic framework linking biodiversity to ecosystem function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.05.591902v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Theory and experiments show that diverse ecosystems often have higher levels of function (for instance, biomass production), yet it remains challenging to identify the biological mechanisms responsible. We synthesize developments in coexistence theory into a general theoretical framework linking community coexistence to ecosystem function. Our framework, which we term functional coexistence theory, identifies three components determining the total function of a community of coexisting species. The first component directly corresponds to the niche differences that enable pairwise species coexistence, and to the complementarity component from the additive partition of biodiversity effects. The second component measures whether higher functioning species also have higher competitive fitness, providing a missing link between the additive partitions selection effect and modern coexistence theorys concept of equalization. The third component is least well-studied: reducing functional imbalances between species increases niche differences positive effect on function. Using a mechanistic model of resource competition, we show that our framework can identify how traits drive the effect of competition on productivity, and confirm our theoretical expectations by fitting this model to data from a classic plant competition experiment. Furthermore, we apply our framework to simulations of communities with multiple ecosystem functions or more than two species, demonstrating that relationships between niche, fitness, and function also predict total function beyond the case studied by classical theory. Taken together, our results highlight fundamental links between species coexistence and its consequences for ecosystem function, providing an avenue towards a predictive theory of community-ecosystem feedbacks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ke, P.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hordijk, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bialic-Murphy, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crowther, T. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.05.591902</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional coexistence theory: a mechanistic framework linking biodiversity to ecosystem function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.12.593736v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Acceleration of genome rearrangement in clitellate annelids 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.12.593736v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Comparisons of multiple metazoan genomes have revealed the existence of ancestral linkage groups (ALGs), genomic scaffolds sharing sets of orthologous genes that have been inherited from ancestral animals for hundreds of millions of years (Simakov et al. 2022; Schultz et al. 2023) These ALGs have persisted across major animal taxa including Cnidaria, Deuterostomia, Ecdysozoa and Spiralia. Notwithstanding this general trend of chromosome-scale conservation, ALGs have been obliterated by extensive genome rearrangements in certain groups, most notably including Clitellata (oligochaetes and leeches), a group of easily overlooked invertebrates that is of tremendous ecological, agricultural and economic importance (Charles 2019; Barrett 2016). To further investigate these rearrangements, we have undertaken a comparison of 12 clitellate genomes (including four newly sequenced species) and 11 outgroup representatives. We show that these rearrangements began at the base of the Clitellata (rather than progressing gradually throughout polychaete annelids), that the inter-chromosomal rearrangements continue in several clitellate lineages and that these events have substantially shaped the evolution of the otherwise highly conserved Hox cluster.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schultz, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heath-Heckman, E. A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winchell, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, D.-H. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.-s.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oberauer, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kocot, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, S.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simakov, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weisblat, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.12.593736</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Acceleration of genome rearrangement in clitellate annelids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.20.594799v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Sap Peptide Conserved across Flowering Plants Positively Regulates Lignin Biosynthesis, Biomass and Immunity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.20.594799v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Signaling peptides act as hormones to deliver short- or long-distance intercellular signals to govern complex developmental processes. Identifying endogenous signaling peptides is challenging due to their low abundance and the unknown cleavage sites required for release from precursor proteins, not to mention the investigation of their evolutionary roles across species. Consequently, very few peptides were evolutionarily characterized in vivo, especially long-distance signaling peptides. Here we present current largest peptidomic datasets from six species (maize, camphor tree, tomato, rose gum, soybean and poplar), totaling 12,242 peptides, selected from all representative evolutionary clades of angiosperms, including monocots, magnoliids, rosid eudicots, and asterid eudicots. A sap peptide was found to be identical across all six species and named as ASAP (angiosperm sap peptide), emerging as the most conserved peptide family discovered thus far. ASAP rapidly induces a series of protein phosphorylation involved in a signaling cascade previously reported to regulate lignin biosynthesis, plant growth and plant immunity. Functional assays on ASAP activity demonstrated its capability on the induction of monolignol biosynthesis and lignin deposition. High-throughput phenomic analyses showed that ASAP significantly increased plant above- and below-ground biomass. In addition, ASAP treatment enhanced plant immunity and reduced the number of galls and egg masses against nematode invasion. This study provides insights into the conservation and functional significance of plant long-distance mobile signaling peptides, offering potential applications in crop improvement and disease management strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liou, P.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, Y.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, I.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, K.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, D.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, Y.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, I. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.20.594799</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Sap Peptide Conserved across Flowering Plants Positively Regulates Lignin Biosynthesis, Biomass and Immunity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.03.597082v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolutionary Insights into Muscle Fiber Distribution in the Twin Tails of Ornamental Goldfish 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.03.597082v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Twin-tail ornamental goldfish have a bifurcated caudal fin with a morphology that is extremely diverged from the conventional body plan of the vertebrates. Here, we investigate the muscu-loskeletal histology of this bifurcated caudal fin. From some of the investigated twin-tail goldfish, we found a twin-tail goldfish specific muscle (hereafter referred to as the "medial caudal muscle") between left and right bifurcated caudal fin skeletons. Our immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the medial caudal muscle showed laterally biased distribution patterns of the slow and fast muscle fibers. Similar distribution patterns were also commonly observed in several deep muscles of wild-type goldfish as well as zebrafish, suggesting that these muscle fiber distribution patterns are formed by the same molecular developmental mechanisms even though their morphologies are highly diverged. These findings provide empirical evidence to consider how the histological features of a newly emerged morphology are influenced by selective pressures and pre-existing developmental mechanisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ota, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abe, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, I.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez, P. G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chi, T.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.03.597082</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolutionary Insights into Muscle Fiber Distribution in the Twin Tails of Ornamental Goldfish]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.16.603643v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Agricultural landscapes with high compositional heterogeneity support both forest and farmland birds in Taiwan 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.16.603643v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ContextPromoting heterogeneous agricultural landscapes could help to reduce the negative impacts of habitat conversion on biota. However, the benefits of landscape heterogeneity can vary among spatial scales and taxa.

ObjectivesTo design biodiversity-friendly landscapes, we use nationwide bird survey data and land use maps to examine the effects of compositional heterogeneity, configurational heterogeneity, and habitat amount at different scales on the species richness of different bird groups.

MethodsWe examine the effects of configurational heterogeneity (measured using edge density), compositional heterogeneity (Shannons diversity index of habitat types), and habitat amount (proportion of forest and farmland cover) at both transect (local) and landscape (0.5, 1, or 2 km) scales on the species richness of all breeding birds, forest birds, farmland birds, and introduced birds.

ResultsTotal species richness had a hump-shaped relationship with local forest cover, and with farmland cover at landscape scale. Richness of both forest birds and richness of farmland birds increased with Shannons diversity index of habitat types at both local and landscape scales, but only increased with the amount of their preferred habitat at the local scale. Richness of introduced birds was greater in landscapes with higher edge density, suggesting those species are associated with human-dominated landscapes.

ConclusionsHigh compositional heterogeneity with low configurational heterogeneity at the landscape scale may help maintain native bird richness while minimising the spread of introduced species in Taiwan. These results can help guide land use planning to achieving biodiversity goals in a country with intensive land-use competition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, D.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amano, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuller, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, T.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maron, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.16.603643</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Agricultural landscapes with high compositional heterogeneity support both forest and farmland birds in Taiwan]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.19.604260v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Programmable Editing of Primary MicroRNA Switches Stem Cell Differentiation and Improves Tissue Regeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.19.604260v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Programmable RNA editing is harnessed for modifying mRNA. Besides mRNA, miRNA also regulates numerous biological activities, but current RNA editors have yet to be exploited for miRNA manipulation. To engineer primary miRNA (pri-miRNA), the miRNA precursor, we present a customizable editor REPRESS (RNA Editing of Pri-miRNA for Efficient Suppression of miRNA) and characterize critical parameters. The optimized REPRESS is distinct from other mRNA editing tools in design rationale, hence enabling editing of pri-miRNAs that are not editable by other RNA editing systems. We edited various pri-miRNAs in different cells including adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), hence attenuating mature miRNA levels without disturbing host gene expression. We further developed an improved REPRESS (iREPRESS) that enhances and prolongs pri-miR-21 editing for at least 10 days, with minimal perturbation of transcriptome and miRNAome. iREPRESS reprograms ASCs differentiation, promotes in vitro cartilage formation and augments calvarial bone regeneration in rats, thus implicating its potentials for engineering miRNA for many applications such as stem cell engineering and tissue regeneration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Truong, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, N. T. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, N. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ngo, D. T. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dang, Q. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Truong, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.19.604260</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Programmable Editing of Primary MicroRNA Switches Stem Cell Differentiation and Improves Tissue Regeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.20.604439v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
AI-assisted In-silico Trial for the Optimization of Osmotherapy following Ischaemic Stroke 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.20.604439v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Over the past few decades, osmotherapy has commonly been employed to reduce intracranial pressure in post-stroke oedema. However, evaluating the effectiveness of osmotherapy has been challenging due to the difficulties in clinical intracranial pressure measurement. As a result, there are no established guidelines regarding the selection of administration protocol parameters. Considering that the infusion of osmotic agents can also give rise to various side effects, the effectiveness of osmotherapy has remained a subject of debate. In previous studies, we proposed the first mathematical model for the investigation of osmotherapy and validated the model with clinical intracranial pressure data. The physiological parameters vary among patients and such variations can result in the failure of osmotherapy. Here, we propose an AI-assisted in-silico trial for further investigation of the optimisation of administration protocols. The proposed deep neural network predicts intracranial pressure evolution over osmotherapy episodes. The effects of the parameters and the choice of dose of osmotic agents are investigated using the model. In addition, clinical stratifications of patients are related to a brain model for the first time for the optimisation of treatment of different patient groups. This provides an alternative approach to tackle clinical challenges with in-silico trials supported by both mathematical/physical laws and patient-specific biomedical information.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>chen, x.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jozsa, T. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clifton, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payne, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.20.604439</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[AI-assisted In-silico Trial for the Optimization of Osmotherapy following Ischaemic Stroke]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.23.604488v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Synthetic dysmobility screening reveals a phosphorylation-independent facet of the SLK-Ezrin-F-actin signaling cascade. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.23.604488v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This study investigates the role of Ste20-like kinase (SLK) in cytoskeletal dynamics, focusing on its interaction with Ezrin and actin remodeling, independent of phosphorylation processes. We utilized HaCaT to explore the effects of SLK and Ezrin knockdown, as well as the application of specific inhibitors on the organization of actin structures. Our findings reveal that both SLK and Ezrin significantly influence the architecture of actin cytoskeletons with differential impacts observed between protein knockdown and dephosphorylation events. Additionally, our results suggest novel, phosphorylation-independent pathways through which Ezrin modulates actin dynamics, potentially indicating alternative, non-enzymatic roles for Ezrin in cytoskeletal integrity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>LIN, H. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LIN, Y. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>WEI, L. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>ZHANG, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>TSAI, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LIN, Y. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>CHIA, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>TSAI, F. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.23.604488</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Synthetic dysmobility screening reveals a phosphorylation-independent facet of the SLK-Ezrin-F-actin signaling cascade.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.25.605219v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ChromBERT: Uncovering Chromatin State Motifs in the Human Genome Using a BERT-based Approach 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.25.605219v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromatin states, which are defined by specific combinations of histone post-translational modifications, are fundamental to gene regulation and cellular identity. Despite their importance, comprehensive patterns within chromatin state sequences, which could provide insights into key biological functions, remain largely unexplored. In this study, we introduce ChromBERT, a BERT-based model specifically designed to detect distinct chromatin state patterns as "motifs." We pre-trained ChromBERT on 15-state chromatin annotations from 127 human cell and tissue types from the ROADMAP consortium. This pre-trained model can be fine-tuned for various downstream tasks, and obtained high-attention chromatin state patterns are extracted as motifs. To account for the variable-length nature of chromatin state motifs, ChromBERT uses Dynamic Time Warping to cluster similar motifs and identify meaningful representative patterns. In this study, we evaluated the performance of the model on several tasks, including binary and quantitative gene expression prediction, cell type classification, and three-dimensional genome feature classification. Our analyses yielded biologically grounded results and revealed the associated chromatin state motifs. This workflow facilitates the discovery of specific chromatin state patterns across different biological contexts and offers a new framework for exploring the dynamics of epigenomic states.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakato, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.25.605219</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ChromBERT: Uncovering Chromatin State Motifs in the Human Genome Using a BERT-based Approach]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.30.605757v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Zebrafish Foxl2l functions in proliferating germ cells for female meiotic entry 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.30.605757v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AbstractZebrafish sex differentiation is a complicated process and the detailed mechanism has not been fully understood. Here we characterized a transcription factor, Foxl2l, that participates in female oogenesis. We show that it is expressed specifically in proliferating germ cells in juvenile gonads and mature ovaries. We have used CRISPR-Cas9 to generate zebrafish deficient in foxl2l expression. Zebrafish with foxl2l-/- are all males, and this female-to-male sex reversal cannot be reversed by tp53 mutation, indicating this sex reversal is unrelated to cell death. We have generated transgenic fish expressing GFP under the control of foxl2l promoter to track the development of foxl2l+-germ cells, which failed to enter meiosis and were accumulated as cystic cells. Our RNA-seq analysis also showed the reduced expression of genes in meiosis and oogenesis among other affected pathways. All together, we show that zebrafish Foxl2l is a nuclear factor controlling the expression of meiotic and oogenic genes, and its deficiency leads to defective meiotic entry and the accumulation of premeiotic germ cells.

HighlightsO_LIZebrafish foxl2l is expressed only in proliferating germ cells in juvenile gonads and mature ovaries.
C_LIO_LIFoxl2l is a nuclear factor that promotes expression of genes involved in meiosis and oogenesis.
C_LIO_LIZebrafish depleted of foxl2l lack meiotic oocytes in juveniles and become all males in adults.
C_LIO_LIMutation of foxl2l leads to the accumulation of premeiotic germ cells.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, C.-w.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, B.-c.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.30.605757</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Zebrafish Foxl2l functions in proliferating germ cells for female meiotic entry]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.29.610202v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Guard-cell phytosterol homeostasis is critical for proper stomatal development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.29.610202v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Stomata regulate gas exchange and control water loss in response to the environmental stimuli and their distribution in the leaf epidermis is tightly regulated during development to ensure proper patterns. Although many studies have focused on the function of early stomatal lineage cells, little is known about the role of mature guard cells (GCs) in maintaining stomatal distribution. Here, we identified a previously uncharacterized enzyme, GDSL-type sterol esterase (GSEase), that is specifically expressed in mature guard cells and catalyzes lipid droplet-stored phytosterol ester degradation. Loss of GSEase decreased the level of free campesterol, a biosynthetic precursor of brassinosteroids (BRs), reduced BR level, and increased stomatal density in leaves, which could be further rescued by increasing the BR signaling. Furthermore, selectively reducing the BR response in GCs by utilizing the GSEase promoter-driven det2-1, a mutation causing BR biosynthesis deficiency, resulted in an elevated stomatal count, as demonstrated in gsease plants. These results indicate that GSEase plays a critical role in maintaining phytosterol homeostasis in GCs and the released phytosterols suppress the initiation of stomatal development in adjacent cells though the BR pathway.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yen, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, Y.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leu, K.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, T.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juan, C.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaw, J.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, C.-M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jauh, G.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.29.610202</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Guard-cell phytosterol homeostasis is critical for proper stomatal development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.04.611320v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Combination of cycling hyperthermia and Echinacoside creates synergistic curing effect on pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.04.611320v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Therapy targeting the suppression of human MutT homolog 1 (MTH1) has been gaining ground in recent years, thanks to its resulting significant increase of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine triphosphate (8-oxo-dGTP) accumulation in genomic DNA, causing DNA damage and apoptotic cell death. Echinacoside (Ech), a natural phenylethanoid glycoside first extracted from Echinacea angustifolia or desert plant Cistanches is one of a few natural products which are capable of inhibiting the MTH1 function. It, however, is difficult to apply it in clinical trials, due to high cost for effective dosage in need. In the study, we show that combination with thermal-cycling hyperthermia (TC-HT), a novel physical treatment, can amplify the curative effect of Ech, reducing its dosage in need significantly. The combination resulted in a multipronged mechanism targeting multiple key apoptotic regulating proteins such as Bcl-2 and MAPK family proteins. Its effect is expected to be comparable to the treatment strategy containing MTH1, Bcl-2, and ERK inhibitors, posing as new promising approach in cancer treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, G.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.04.611320</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Combination of cycling hyperthermia and Echinacoside creates synergistic curing effect on pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.05.611350v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneous immune presentation in primary uterine carcinosarcoma determined by digital spatial profiling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.05.611350v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS) is a rare gynecologic cancer with unfavorable prognosis. Its biphasic histologic components are known to associated with outcomes. Dissecting the tumor heterogeneity within UCS is crucial to discover molecular biomarkers for patient stratification. The aim of this study was to utilize spatial profiling technology to analyze immune presentation in different histological components within UCS tumors. The study included 23 UCS patients whose tumor sections were subjected to nanoString GeoMx Digital Spatial Profiling (DSP) to profile 30 immune-related proteins in 491 segments. We identified distinct cluster-labeled subtypes showing varied immune marker expressions. The immune presentations within the carcinoma and sarcoma components showed significant differences. Markers indicating M2 macrophages (CD45+CD163+) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) (SMA, fibronectin) were highly expressed in the sarcoma components. The immune presentation subtypes within each histological component also differed between patients with recurrence in 5 years and without recurrence over 5 years. The cluster-labeled subtype with high Neutrophil/PMN-MDSC marker expression (CD66b) was associated with longer survival, whereas the subtype with high NK cell marker expressions (CD56) was linked to poor prognosis. Our result suggested that immune features within the carcinoma component of UCS tumors would determine patient outcomes and should be considered as a strategy for patient stratification.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, W.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, W.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, L.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, R. Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheu, B.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.05.611350</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneous immune presentation in primary uterine carcinosarcoma determined by digital spatial profiling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.17.613533v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural insights into terminal arabinosylation biosynthesis of the mycobacterial cell wall arabinan 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.17.613533v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The emergence of drug-resistant strains exacerbates the global challenge of tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Central to the pathogenicity of Mtb is its complex cell envelope, which serves as a barrier against both immune system and pharmacological attacks. Two key components of this envelope, arabinogalactan (AG) and lipoarabinomannan (LAM) are complex polysaccharides that contain integral arabinan domains important for cell wall structural and functional integrity. The arabinofuranosyltransferase AftB terminates the synthesis of these arabinan domains by catalyzing the addition of {beta}-(1[-&gt;]2)-linked terminal arabinofuranose residues. Here, we present the cryo-EM structures of Mycobacterium chubuense AftB in its apo and donor substrate analog-bound form, determined to 2.9 [A] and 3.4 [A] resolution, respectively. Our structures reveal that AftB has a GT-C fold transmembrane (TM) domain comprised of eleven TM helices and a periplasmic cap domain. AftB has an irregular tube-shaped cavity that bridges the two proposed substrate binding sites. By integrating structural analysis, biochemical assays, and molecular dynamics simulations, we elucidate the molecular basis of the reaction mechanism of AftB and propose a model for catalysis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erramilli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tseng, P.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duong, N. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tokarz, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kloss, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, C.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodrigues, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Archer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lowary, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kossiakoff, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stansfeld, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nygaard, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mancia, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.17.613533</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural insights into terminal arabinosylation biosynthesis of the mycobacterial cell wall arabinan]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.25.615002v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Early Prediction of Ischaemic Stroke Outcomes: A Novel Computational Approach 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.25.615002v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Malignant stroke can lead to a death rate as high as 80%. Although early interventions can improve patient outcomes, they also lead to side effects. Therefore, the early prediction of stroke outcomes is crucial for clinical strategies. Imaging markers such as brain swelling volume and midline shift have been critical predictors in various stroke scoring systems. However, these markers can only become visible on brain images days after stroke onset, which delays clinical decisions. A primary challenge in predicting these markers is that brain swelling is a biomechanical process that relies on anatomical features, such as lesion size and location. To tackle this problem, we propose a novel computational pipeline to predict brain swelling after stroke. We first provide a mathematical model of the brain by using a five-compartment poroelastic theory. It allows us to generate high-quality stroke cases with varied 3D brain and lesion anatomy, which are then used to train and validate a deep neural network (DNN). Our in silico experimentation with 3,000 cases shows that anatomical features of stroke brains are well-learned by the DNN, with minimal errors in brain swelling prediction found in the hold-out testing cases. In addition, we used the DNN to process clinical imaging data of 60 stroke patients. The results show that the markers generated from the DNN can predict 3-month stroke outcomes with an AUC of around 0.7. It indicates that the proposed computational pipeline can potentially advance the time point for clinical decisions.

Significance StatementStroke is the second leading cause of death in the world, and malignant stroke can lead to a death rate of 80%. Early interventions can improve patient outcomes but can also cause side effects. Therefore, it is crucial to predict stroke outcomes at an early stage. Radiological markers such as brain swelling volume and midline shift have been used in various stroke scoring systems. However, these markers can only become visible after days to stroke onset, which delays clinical decisions. To tackle this issue, we propose a novel computational pipeline to predict brain swelling after stroke onset. The proposed pipeline is found to predict brain swelling accurately and can potentially assist early clinical decision-making.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El-Bouri, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payne, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.25.615002</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Early Prediction of Ischaemic Stroke Outcomes: A Novel Computational Approach]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.25.614736v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A unique interplay of access and selection shapes peritoneal metastasis evolution in colorectal cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.25.614736v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Whether metastasis in humans can be accomplished by most primary tumor cells or requires the evolution of a specialized trait remains an open question. To evaluate whether metastases are founded by non-random subsets of primary tumor lineages requires extensive, difficult-to-implement sampling. We have realized an unusually dense multi-region sampling scheme in a cohort of 26 colorectal cancer patients with peritoneal metastases, reconstructing the evolutionary history of on average 28.8 tissue samples per patient with a microsatellite-based fingerprinting assay. To assess metastatic randomness, we evaluate inter- and intra-metastatic heterogeneity relative to the primary tumor and find that peritoneal metastases are more heterogeneous than liver metastases but less diverse than locoregional metastases. Metachronous peritoneal metastases exposed to systemic chemotherapy show significantly higher inter-lesion diversity than synchronous, untreated metastases. Projection of peritoneal metastasis origins onto a spatial map of the primary tumor reveals that they often originate at the deep-invading edge, in contrast to liver and lymph node metastases which exhibit no such preference. Furthermore, peritoneal metastases typically do not share a common subclonal origin with distant metastases in more remote organs. Synthesizing these insights into an evolutionary portrait of peritoneal metastases, we conclude that the peritoneal-metastatic process imposes milder selective pressures onto disseminating cancer cells than the liver-metastatic process. Peritoneal metastases unique evolutionary features have potential implications for staging and treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wassenaar, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorelick, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hung, W.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheek, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kucukkose, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, I.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blohmer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Degner, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giunta, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiezer, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raicu, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ubink, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klaasen, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lansu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watson, E. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corcoran, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boland, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Getz, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kops, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juric, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lennerz, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boerma, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kranenburg, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naxerova, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.25.614736</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A unique interplay of access and selection shapes peritoneal metastasis evolution in colorectal cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.03.615866v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A multi-omics census reveals obesity-associated microRNA miR-let-7 as novel instigator of adipose mitochondrial dysfunction and of intergenerational metabolic decline. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.03.615866v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We here describe that obesity and weight loss in male mice cause reversible abnormalities in glucose and lipid metabolism, serum metabolomes and lipidomes as well as expression of microRNAs, mRNAs and proteins controlling mitochondrial function in epididymal white adipose tissue. When mating obese male mice with lean females, we observed reductions in expression and translation of genes encoding mitochondrial respiratory components in (F1) offspring that closely resemble those observed in the paternal (F0) generation. When mapping miRNA regulation across somatic organs (i.e., liver, adipose) and sperm and F0/1 generations, we found that obesity and weight loss reversibly affected miRNA levels, and that let-7 isoforms were induced in obese F0 and F1 adipose tissue and sperm of obese F0 mice, eliciting qualitatively similar responses in two adjacent tissues. Overexpressing let-7 in adipocytes silenced DICER1, a miRNA processing enzyme crucial for adipose adaptation to obesity as evidenced by deficiencies in mitochondrial function following DICER1 loss in primary adipocytes. Also, microinjection of synthetic let-7 mimetics at physiological levels found in obese sperm into zygotes from lean mice elicited glucose intolerance and impediments in adipose mitochondrial gene expression in mice sired from let-7 microinjected zygotes, phenocopying hereditary aspects of paternal obesity. When performing single-cell RNA-Seq of miRNA-injected embryos, let-7 impaired mitochondrial gene expression, suggesting altered oxidative metabolism following zygotic let-7 delivery. When studying miRNA alterations in human semen, lifestyle-induced weight loss downregulated hsa-let-7, suggesting similar roles for human let-7 in gametic epigenomes and embryogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altintas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stanic, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batarlar, H. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malmros, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Havelund, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faergeman, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marcher Larsen, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szczepanowska, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lackmann, J.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trifunovic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hejbol, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Detlefsen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jepsen, I. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kolstrup, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laguna Barraza, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khodosevich, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barres, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kornfeld, J.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.03.615866</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A multi-omics census reveals obesity-associated microRNA miR-let-7 as novel instigator of adipose mitochondrial dysfunction and of intergenerational metabolic decline.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.08.617308v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolutionary conserved sap peptides derived from xylem-specific peptide precursors in woody angiosperms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.08.617308v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Peptides act as long-distance mobile signals, transported through vascular sap to coordinate complex developmental processes. Since the tissue-specificity of peptide precursor gene expression is critical in determining peptide signaling function, we integrated vascular sap peptidomes with tissue-level transcriptomes to investigate the roles of sap peptides in two economically important woody plants, Populus trichocarpa and Eucalyptus grandis. Xylem exhibited the highest ratio of tissue-specific sap peptide precursor genes. Most of the sap peptides derived from xylem-specific precursor genes of P. trichocarpa and E. grandis were highly conserved throughout woody species selected from different clades in angiosperms, including magnoliids, rosids and asterids in eudicots. To further explore the conservation of these peptides, we examined the sap peptidome of Cinnamomum kanehirae (camphor tree), from the ancient clade with three xylem cell types. Approximately 90% of the peptides from xylem-specific precursors that were conserved between P. trichocarpa and E. grandis, were also conserved in the vascular sap of C. kanehirae, demonstrating a remarkably high conservation of these peptides across woody angiosperms. Most of the sap peptides conserved in these three woody species are also highly conserved across land plants, suggesting that these peptides may contribute to plant terrestrialization. Within the sap peptides from xylem- specific precursor genes, a total of 10 peptides were identical across all three woody plants. This substantial enrichment of xylem-specific precursor-derived peptides, along with their high conservation, suggests that these long-distance mobile peptides play a crucial role in secondary xylem development.

One sentence summaryIntegration of sap peptidomic and tissue-level transcriptomic data revealed highly conserved long-distance mobile peptides derived from xylem- specific precursors across woody angiosperms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liou, P.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, S.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.08.617308</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolutionary conserved sap peptides derived from xylem-specific peptide precursors in woody angiosperms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.11.617756v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Toward Automatic Variant Interpretation: Discordant Genetic Interpretation Across Variant Annotations for ClinVar Pathogenic Variants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.11.617756v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PurposeHigh-throughput sequencing has revolutionized genetic disorder diagnosis, but variant pathogenicity interpretation is still challenging. Even though the Human Genome Variation Society (HGVS) provides recommendations for variant nomenclature, discrepancies in annotation remain a significant hurdle.

MethodsThis study evaluated the annotation concordance between three tools-- ANNOVAR, SnpEff, and Variant Effect Predictor (VEP)--using 164,549 two-star variants from ClinVar. The analysis used HGVS nomenclature string-match comparisons to assess annotation consistency from each tool, corresponding coding impacts, and associated ACMG criteria inferred from the annotations.

ResultsThe analysis revealed variable concordance rates, with 58.52% agreement for HGVSc, 84.04% for HGVSp, and 85.58% for the coding impact. SnpEff showed the highest match for HGVSc (0.988), while VEP bettered for HGVSp (0.977). The substantial discrepancies were noted in the Loss-of-Function (LoF) category. Incorrect PVS1 interpretations affected the final pathogenicity and downgraded PLP variants (ANNOVAR 55.9%, SnpEff 66.5%, VEP 67.3%), risking false negatives of clinically relevant variants in reports.

ConclusionsThese findings highlight the critical challenges in accurately interpreting variant pathogenicity due to discrepancies in annotations. To enhance the reliability of genetic variant interpretation in clinical practice, standardizing transcript sets and systematically cross-validating results across multiple annotation tools is essential.

Graphic abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=120 SRC="FIGDIR/small/617756v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (24K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@9f6378org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@3b9a2corg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@106fb58org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@15f70c8_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG This study examined the consistency of variant annotations produced by three widely used open-source toolsANNOVAR, SnpEff, and VEPagainst 164,549 ClinVar two starts variants. The investigation covers HGVS-based transcript, protein nomenclature and coding impact annotation. The results showed that none of the tools were fully consistent with ClinVar across all coding impact categories, particularly in the LoF category, which exhibited the poorest consistency. This inconsistency may lead to discrepancies in PVS1 interpretation, affecting the final pathogenicity assessment. PVS1 loss resulted in a significant downgrading of PLP variants, potentially leading to the omission of clinically relevant variants in reports.

C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, A. Y.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, T.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hung, T.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, P.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.11.617756</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Toward Automatic Variant Interpretation: Discordant Genetic Interpretation Across Variant Annotations for ClinVar Pathogenic Variants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.11.617814v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Loop Grafting Improves Neuraminidase Protein Vaccine Production 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.11.617814v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Influenza virus neuraminidase is a crucial target for protective antibodies, yet the development of recombinant neuraminidase protein as a vaccine has been held back by instability and variable expression. We have taken a pragmatic approach to improving expression and stability of neuraminidase by grafting antigenic surface loops from low-expressing neuraminidase proteins onto the scaffold of high-expressing counterparts. The resulting hybrid proteins retained the antigenic properties of the loop donor while benefiting from the high-yield expression, stability, and tetrameric structure of the loop recipient. These hybrid proteins were recognised by a broad set of human monoclonal antibodies elicited by influenza infection or vaccination, with X-ray structures validating the accurate structural conformation of the grafted loops and the enzymatic cavity. Immunisation of mice with neuraminidase hybrids induced inhibitory antibodies to the loop donor and protected against lethal influenza challenge. This pragmatic technique offers a robust solution for improving the expression and stability of influenza neuraminidase proteins for vaccine development.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/617814v3_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (57K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@14d4b4eorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@18af09aorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@ba1982org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1e0d143_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rijal, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paesen, G. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stuart, D. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howarth, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, K.-Y. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowden, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Townsend, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.11.617814</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Loop Grafting Improves Neuraminidase Protein Vaccine Production]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.14.618224v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Diversity of ancestral brainstem noradrenergic neurons across species and multiple biological factors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.14.618224v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The brainstem cell group, locus coeruleus (LC), is present across vertebrates and influences cardiorespiratory, metabolic, immune, and cognitive functions by activating in two putatively distinct firing patterns. Yet, the degree to which the LC firing rates and patterns are homogenous across species has never been assessed due to inherently limited sample sizes. To remedy this, we pooled cross-species data from 20 laboratories to show that firing rates differ across species and are modulated by sex, age, and type of in vitro or in vivo preparation. Contrary to the prevailing dual-mode firing pattern schema, we observed patterns spread across a low-dimensional manifold, with subregions enriched for specific biological factors and neurodegenerative disease models. Our findings show considerable diversity in an ancestral vertebrate neuromodulatory system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kelberman, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodberg, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arabzadeh, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bair-Marshall, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berridge, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berrocoso, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breton-Provencher, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandler, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Che, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davy, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devilbiss, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Downs, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drummond, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dvorkin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fazlali, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Froemke, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glennon, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gold, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ito, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johansen, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaye, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, C.-c.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, R.-j.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Llorca-Torralba, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCall, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McElligott, Z. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKinney, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miguelez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Min, M.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nowlan, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Omrani, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pickering, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poe, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ranjbar-Slamloo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Razquin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodenkirch, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sales, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satyasambit,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.14.618224</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Diversity of ancestral brainstem noradrenergic neurons across species and multiple biological factors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.14.616932v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative: A Cohort for Large-Scale Studies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.14.616932v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative (TPMI), a project initiated by the Academia Sinica in collaboration with 16 major medical centers around Taiwan, has recruited 565,390 participants who consented to provide DNA samples for genetic profiling and grant access to their electronic medical records (EMR) for studies to develop precision medicine. Access to the EMR is both retrospective and prospective, allowing researchers to conduct prospective studies over time. Genetic profiling is done with population-optimized SNP arrays for the Han Chinese populations that enable genetic analyses such as genome-wide association, phenome-wide association, and polygenic risk score studies to evaluate common disease risk and pharmacogenetic response. Furthermore, the TPMI participants agree to be contacted for future research opportunities related to their genetic risks and receive personalized genetic risk profiles with health management recommendations. TPMI has established the TPMI Data Access Platform (TDAP), a central database and analysis platform that both safeguards the security of the data and facilitates academic research. The TPMI is the largest non-European cohort that merges genetic profiles with EMR in the world. With a cohort that can be followed over time, it can be utilized to validate genetic risk prediction models, conduct clinical trials to show the efficacy of risk-based health management, and optimize health policies based on genetic risks. In this report, we describe the TPMI study design, the population and genetic characteristics of the TPMI cohort, and the power it provides to conduct crucial studies in developing precision medicine on a population and personal level. As Han Chinese represent almost 20% of the worlds population, the results of TPMI studies will benefit >1.4 billion people around the world and serve as a model for developing population-based precision medicine.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwok, P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jong, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, K.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, M.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, E.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, C.-y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fann, C. S.- J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, S.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, C.-h.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiou, J.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiu, K.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, F.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, W.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chien, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, F.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, H.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tseng, W.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, M.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, H.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tseng, L.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, W.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, P. C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hang, J.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, S.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.14.616932</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative: A Cohort for Large-Scale Studies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.15.618377v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Stabilization of HSA32, an aggregation-prone protein, by the protein disaggregase HSP101 plays a critical role in maintaining acquired thermotolerance in Arabidopsis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.15.618377v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Heat acclimation confers acquired thermotolerance (AT), and heat-acclimation memory (HAM) is the maintenance of AT for some time. In Arabidopsis and rice, the heat-stress-associated 32-kDa protein (HSA32) and the protein disaggregase heat shock protein101 (HSP101) form a positive feedback loop at the protein level to maintain AT; HSA32 mitigates HSP101 degradation, and HSP101 positively regulates the accumulation of HSA32. Here, we report the underpinning mechanism regarding how HSP101 affects the HSA32 level in Arabidopsis. We found that, without HSP101, nascent HSA32 was rapidly degraded, and the proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, inhibited the degradation. In response to heat stress, the nascent HSA32-GFP fusion protein was present in liquid condensates and diffused in the cytosol after returning to non-stress temperature. Proximity labeling with HSA32-TurboID identified HSP101 and five other protein chaperones and co-chaperones as the primary interactors. Disturbing the interaction between HSA32 and HSP101 destabilized HSA32 and compromised HAM. HSA32 is predicted as a TIM-barrel protein with three intrinsically disordered regions of high aggregation propensity. Recombinant HSA32 expressed in E. coli was partitioned into insoluble fractions, suggesting that HSA32 is aggregation-prone. Our findings highlight how the interplay between an aggregation-prone protein and a protein disaggregase can maintain plant stress memory.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mitra, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, S.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, N.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borah, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charng, Y.-y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.15.618377</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Stabilization of HSA32, an aggregation-prone protein, by the protein disaggregase HSP101 plays a critical role in maintaining acquired thermotolerance in Arabidopsis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.19.619181v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial Transcriptomic Profiling Of Advanced Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma Reveals Intra-Tumor Heterogeneity In Epithelial-Mesenchymal Gradient 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.19.619181v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intratumoral heterogeneity is intrinsically comprised of molecular alterations of tumor cells and extrinsically from interconnections with microenvironments. This study explores the spatial heterogeneity of ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC), a rare cancer with significance to East Asian women. We profiled 21 tumors from matched ovarian and metastatic sites with spatial transcriptomic (ST) platforms including GeoMx and Visium CytAssist. Three subclusters of OCCC tumor cells enriched in oxidative phosphorylation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and inflammation pathways were identified with preferential geospatial localizations in tumor centers and invasive margins/tumor-stromal interfaces. These ST subclusters correlated with epithelial-mesenchymal gradients and prognostic features in larger cohorts. Single-cell ST in CosMx identified 9 cancer cell populations with organ-specific tropism. Trajectory analysis indicated a NEAT1-high subclone having founder characteristics, progressively dominating the metastatic niche, displaying mesenchymal traits. This founder feature correlated with clinical outcomes in PanCancer datasets. Our findings highlight the adaptive and context-specific interactions between cancer cells and microenvironments within spatial complexities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Truong Le, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi-Te Wan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, S. R.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, T. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiu, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheu, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tai, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juan, H.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, F.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, W.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, L.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, R. Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.19.619181</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial Transcriptomic Profiling Of Advanced Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma Reveals Intra-Tumor Heterogeneity In Epithelial-Mesenchymal Gradient]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.22.619299v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genomes of Wiebesia fig wasps reveal the adaptation and codiversification in fig-fig wasp mutualism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.22.619299v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Figs and fig wasps represent one of the most intimate examples of plant-pollinator coevolution. As figs diversified into geographically isolated populations, both figs and fig wasps underwent selective pressures driven by local adaptation and coevolution. Ficus pumila comprises two ecologically distinct varieties: the creeping fig (F. pumila var. pumila), which is widely distributed across the lowlands of East Asia, and the jelly fig (F. pumila var. awkeotsang), endemic to Taiwan and found at mid-elevations. To elucidate how codiversification with fig hosts influences the evolutionary trajectories of fig wasps, we analyzed the genomes of Wiebesia sp. 2 and sp. 3, the respective pollinators of creeping fig and jelly fig. Our demographic analysis indicates that vicariance during the Last Glacial Period facilitated ecological differentiation between these two fig-fig wasp pairs. Through comparative and population genomic analyses, we identified selection signals linked to habitat adaptation, with evolutionary rates corresponding to the life history traits of their host figs. Variations in host preference behavior, chemosensory gene expression, and adaptive duplications in olfactory receptors highlight potential mechanisms for adaptation to host floral scents. These findings collectively underscore how the obligate mutualism between figs and their pollinating wasps allows the ecological traits and habitat preferences of fig hosts to shape the evolutionary pathways of their pollinators, leaving distinct molecular imprints in the fig wasp genomes. This study demonstrates the capacity of tightly intertwined life cycles between plants and pollinators to drive adaptation and diversification.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lo, B.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, H.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, S.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, W.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S. C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.22.619299</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genomes of Wiebesia fig wasps reveal the adaptation and codiversification in fig-fig wasp mutualism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.31.621444v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure and evolution of Photosystem I in the early-branching cyanobacterium Anthocerotibacter panamensis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.31.621444v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Thylakoid-free cyanobacteria are thought to preserve ancestral traits of early-evolving organisms capable of oxygenic photosynthesis. However, and until recently, photosynthesis studies in thylakoid-free cyanobacteria were only possible in the model strain Gloeobacter violaceus. Here, we report the isolation, biochemical characterization, cryo-EM structure, and phylogenetic analysis of photosystem I from a newly-discovered thylakoid-free cyanobacterium, Anthocerotibacter panamensis, a distant relative of the genus Gloeobacter. We find that A. panamensis photosystem I exhibits a distinct carotenoid composition and has one conserved low-energy chlorophyll site, which was lost in G. violaceus. These features explain the capacity of A. panamensis to grow under high light intensity, unlike other Gloeobacteria. Furthermore, we find that, while at the sequence level photosystem I in thylakoid-free cyanobacteria has changed to a degree comparable to that of other strains, its subunit composition and oligomeric form might be identical to that of the most recent common ancestor of cyanobacteria.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiang, H.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gisriel, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cardona, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flesher, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brudvig, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, M.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.31.621444</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure and evolution of Photosystem I in the early-branching cyanobacterium Anthocerotibacter panamensis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.10.622827v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Living xylem cells encode a large number of conserved gene families responsible for vascular sap peptides 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.10.622827v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plant long-distance signaling peptides travel through the vascular system to coordinate development and respond to environmental cues, yet their precursor genes and expression origins remain elusive. We characterized 4,804 sap peptide precursor genes in Populus trichocarpa using an integrated approach that combined liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) peptidomics, transcriptomics, and comparative genomics. This study expands the known precursor families from approximately 50 to thousands, the majority of which are conserved across angiosperms. Transcriptome analysis across xylem developmental stages revealed that living xylem cells, typically viewed as precursors to non-living structures, predominantly express these specifically at transitions between primary and secondary growth stages, indicating an active role in plant-wide signaling coordination. The precursor genes show conservation at the transcriptome level and are under strong purifying selection. Our findings provide a comprehensive overview of the gene families encoding sap peptides, redefining xylem as an active participant in plant communication and adaptation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lu, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tung, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, C.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liou, P.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-Y. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, I. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.10.622827</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Living xylem cells encode a large number of conserved gene families responsible for vascular sap peptides]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.11.623098v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Salinity impacted microbial carbonate precipitation mechanisms of modern microbialites in peritidal zone 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.11.623098v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbialites, ancient records of microbial activity, serve as significant indicators of environmental change. This study examined microbialites from the peritidal zone of three tide pools at Fongchueisha, Hengchun, Taiwan, to investigate the impact of salinity on microbial community composition and carbonate precipitation mechanisms. Microbial samples were collected across varying salinity gradients over multiple timepoints and analyzed using next-generation sequencing of bacterial 16S and eukaryotic 18S rRNA genes. Our findings reveal that the microbial communities in higher salinity environments exhibited significant shifts, with increased relative abundance of ureolytic bacteria and ammonifying microorganisms, such as Myxococcota and Actinobacteriota. This suggests the presence of diverse microbial carbonate precipitation mechanisms beyond photosynthesis, including ureolysis and ammonification. Furthermore, our results show that changes in the composition of cyanobacteria and diatoms were influenced by salinity, with heterocystous cyanobacteria (e.g., Nostocales) dominating low-salinity environments, and non-heterocystous cyanobacteria (e.g., Synechococcales) prevailing in higher salinity environments. Functional predictions reveal that microbial communities in high-salinity environments were enriched in anaerobic metabolic pathways, including pyruvate fermentation and the urea cycle. These findings highlight the significant role of salinity in influencing microbial composition and metabolic pathways, shaping carbonate precipitation processes in microbialites.

ImportanceThe study focuses on the impact of environmental salinity on microbial community composition and carbonate precipitation mechanisms within modern microbialites, based on an analysis of samples from three tide pools with different salinity levels collected at five time points throughout the year. Using next-generation sequencing of bacterial 16S and eukaryotic 18S rRNA genes, we identified key shifts in microbial communities along salinity gradients and explored diverse microbial processes involved in carbonate precipitation. This work enhances our understanding of microbial ecosystems within modern microbialites and their response to environmental changes. Additionally, our study provides insight into ancient biogeochemical processes, with implications for interpreting microbial metabolism in carbonate precipitation across different salinity regimes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, Y. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, S.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.11.623098</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Salinity impacted microbial carbonate precipitation mechanisms of modern microbialites in peritidal zone]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.14.623513v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Telomeric Repeat-Containing RNA Increases in Aged Human Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.14.623513v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA), transcribed from subtelomeric regions towards telomeric ends, poses challenges in deciphering its complete sequences. Utilizing TERRA-capture RNA-seq and Oxford Nanopore direct RNA sequencing to acquire full-length TERRA, we annotate TERRA transcription regions in the human T2T-CHM13 reference genome. TERRA transcripts encompass hundreds to over a thousand nucleotides of telomeric repeats, predominantly originating from 61-29-37 bp repeat promoters enriched with H3K4me3, RNA pol II, CTCF, and R-loops. We develop a bioinformatics tool, TERRA-QUANT, for quantifying TERRA using RNA-seq datasets and find that TERRA increases with age in blood, brain, and fibroblasts. TERRA upregulation in aged leukocytes is confirmed by RT-qPCR. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis demonstrates TERRA expression across various cell types, with upregulation observed in neurons during human embryonic stem cell differentiation. Additionally, TERRA levels are elevated in brain cells in the early stage of Alzheimers disease. Our study provides evidence linking TERRA to human aging and diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chu, H.-P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tai, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, M.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, P.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yen, C.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, D.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.14.623513</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Telomeric Repeat-Containing RNA Increases in Aged Human Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.22.624040v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CNV-Finder: Streamlining Copy Number Variation Discovery 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.22.624040v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Copy Number Variations (CNVs) play pivotal roles in the etiology of complex diseases and are variable across diverse populations. Understanding the association between CNVs and disease susceptibility is significant in disease genetics research and often requires analysis of large sample sizes. One of the most cost-effective and scalable methods for detecting CNVs is based on normalized signal intensity values, such as Log R Ratio (LRR) and B Allele Frequency (BAF), from Illumina genotyping arrays. In this study, we present CNV-Finder, a novel pipeline integrating deep learning techniques on array data, specifically a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network, to expedite the large-scale identification of CNVs within predefined genomic regions. This facilitates efficient prioritization of samples for time-consuming or costly subsequent analyses such as Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA), short-read, and long-read whole genome sequencing. We incorporate four genes to establish our methods--Parkin (PRKN), Leucine Rich Repeat And Ig Domain Containing 2 (LINGO2), Microtubule Associated Protein Tau (MAPT), and alpha-Synuclein (SNCA)--which may be relevant to neurological diseases such as Alzheimers disease (AD), Parkinsons disease (PD), Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP), or related disorders such as essential tremor (ET). By training our models on expert-annotated samples and validating them across diverse cohorts, including those from the Global Parkinsons Genetics Program (GP2) and additional dementia-specific databases, we demonstrate the efficacy of CNV-Finder in accurately detecting deletions and duplications. Our pipeline outputs app-compatible files for visualization within CNV-Finders interactive web application. This interface enables researchers to review predictions and filter displayed samples by model prediction values, LRR range, and variant count in order to explore or confirm results. Our pipeline integrates this human feedback to enhance model performance and reduce false positive rates. Through a series of comprehensive analyses and validations using visual inspection, MLPA, short-read, and long-read sequencing data, we demonstrate the robustness and adaptability of CNV-Finder in identifying CNVs with regions of varied size, probe density, and noise. Our findings highlight the significance of contextual understanding and human expertise in enhancing the precision of CNV identification, particularly in complex genomic regions like 17q21.31. The CNV-Finder pipeline is a scalable, publicly available resource for the scientific community, available on GitHub (https://github.com/GP2code/CNV-Finder; DOI 10.5281/zenodo.14182563). CNV-Finder not only expedites accurate candidate identification but also significantly reduces the manual workload for researchers, enabling future targeted validation and downstream analyses in regions or phenotypes of interest.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kuznetsov, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daida, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makarious, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Mubarak, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atterling Brolin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malik, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kouam, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ostrozovicova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersh, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kung, P.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mecheri, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tay, Y.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soundous Malek, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al Tassan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teresa Perinan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koretsky, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sargeant, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levine, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blauwendraat, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Billingsley, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bandres-Ciga, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leonard, H. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, H. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singleton, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nalls, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vitale, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>The Global Parkinson's Genetics Program,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.22.624040</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CNV-Finder: Streamlining Copy Number Variation Discovery]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.30.626145v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rhizobium rhizogenes A4-derived strains mediate hyper-efficient transient gene expression in Nicotiana benthamiana and other solanaceous plants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.30.626145v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Agroinfiltration, a method utilizing agrobacteria to transfer DNA into plant cells, is widely used for transient gene expression in plants. Besides the commonly used Agrobacterium strains, Rhizobium rhizogenes can also introduce foreign DNA into host plants for gene expression. While many R. rhizogenes strains have been known for inducing hairy root symptoms, their use for transient expression has not been fully explored. Here, we showed that R. rhizogenes A4 outperformed all other tested agrobacterial strains in agroinfiltration experiments on leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana and other solanaceous plants. By conducting an agroinfiltration screening in N. benthamiana leaves using various agrobacterial strains carrying the RUBY reporter gene cassette, we discovered that A4 mediates the strongest and fastest transient expression. Utilizing the genomic information, we developed a collection of disarmed and modified strains derived from A4. By performing vacuum infiltration assays, we demonstrated that these A4-derived strains efficiently transiently transform 6-week-old N. benthamiana leaves, showing less sensitivity to the age of plants compared to the laboratory strain GV3101. Furthermore, we performed agroinfiltration using AS109, an A4-derived disarmed strain, on the leaves of tomato, pepper, and eggplant. Remarkably, AS109 mediated transient gene expression on tested solanaceous plants more effectively than all the tested commonly used agrobacterial strains. This discovery paves the way for establishing R. rhizogenes A4-derived strains as a new option for enhancing transient expression in N. benthamiana and facilitating the functional study of plant genes in other solanaceous species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Agudelo, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goh, F.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tchabashvili, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, K.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, H.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, E.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.30.626145</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rhizobium rhizogenes A4-derived strains mediate hyper-efficient transient gene expression in Nicotiana benthamiana and other solanaceous plants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.22.627358v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Arabidopsis EID1 E3 ubiquitin ligase regulates acquired thermotolerance by modulating HSBP translocation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.22.627358v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Climate change is causing a rapid increase in global average temperatures and more frequent heatwaves, posing serious threats to agricultural production and global biodiversity. In response to heat stress (HS), plants can develop acquired thermotolerance (AT) by initiating a heat shock response (HSR) after mild HS priming, thereby enhancing their ability to withstand subsequent later lethal HS events. Central to this process are the HEAT SHOCK FACTORs (HSFs), which form trimeric complexes and activate the expression of HEAT SHOCK PROTEINs (HSPs) and other HSFs to maintain proper protein and cellular functionality. After heat stress subsides, the HSFs activities can be modulated to attenuate the negative effects of HSR during the heat. The SHOCK FACTOR BINDING PROTEIN (HSBP) is a conserved microprotein that plays a prominent role in modulating HSF activities. HSBP can translocate from the cytoplasm into the nucleus during heat stress to directly interact with HSFs and prevent the formation of HSF timers. However, the mechanism that regulates the HSBP cytoplasmic-nuclear shuttling remains unclear. Here, we identified an F-box E3 ubiquitin ligase, EMPFINDLICHER IM DUNKELROTEN LICHT 1 (EID1), whose mutant form shows reduced thermotolerance in AT. We showed that EID1 interacts with HSBP to modulate HSBP cytoplasm-nuclear localization during heat stress, possibly through modulating the K41 of HSBP. The decreased thermotolerance in the eid1 mutant can be explained by alterations of some HSPs expression caused by the mis-localization of HSBP. This finding provided a novel example of E3 ubiquitin-mediated regulation of heat stress in plants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tu, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yen, T.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuo, G.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jinn, T.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.22.627358</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Arabidopsis EID1 E3 ubiquitin ligase regulates acquired thermotolerance by modulating HSBP translocation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.23.630057v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ganoderma formosanum polysaccharides enhance antitumor immune responses by downregulating the differentiation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and tumor-associated macrophages 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.23.630057v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ganoderma formosanum is a native species of Ganoderma isolated in Taiwan, and our previous studies showed that a polysaccharide fraction, PS-F2, purified from the submerged culture fluid of G. formosanum ATCC 76538 exhibited immunostimulatory and antitumor property. In the current study, we investigated the immunomodulatory and antitumor effects of PS-F2 from a UV-mutated G. formosanum variant NTU-1, which produced higher yields of PS-F2 than the original strain. Oral administration of PS-F2 effectively suppressed the growth of colon 26 (CT-26) carcinoma and splenomegaly in tumor-bearing mice without adversely affecting the animals health. We found that PS-F2 treatment resulted in augmented cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) while significantly reducing the accumulation of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs) and regulatory T (Treg) cells in the spleen. In the tumor, PS-F2 treatment markedly enhanced CTL and Th1 responses, whereas it reduced the accumulation of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Collectively, our data demonstrate that oral treatment of PS-F2 from G. formosanum NTU-1 in CT26 tumor-bearing mice activates antitumor immune responses and reduces the accumulation of immunosuppressive cells in the spleen and the tumor, leading to delayed tumor progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiu, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, H.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.23.630057</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ganoderma formosanum polysaccharides enhance antitumor immune responses by downregulating the differentiation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and tumor-associated macrophages]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.26.630451v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enolase-1 is essential for neutrophil recruitment during acute inflammation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.26.630451v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Enolase-1 (ENO1) is a moonlighting protein with multiple functions. When expressed on the cell surface, ENO1 binds plasminogen (PLG) and promotes cell migration by facilitating plasmin (PLM)-mediated extracellular matrix degradation. Here, we observed that inflammatory stimulation significantly upregulated ENO1 expression on the neutrophil surface, both in vitro and in vivo. An anti-ENO1 monoclonal antibody (mAb), 7E5, which blocks the ENO1-PLG interaction, effectively suppressed neutrophil transmigration. In mouse models of acute inflammation, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury and necrotic cell challenge, 7E5 treatment markedly reduced neutrophil recruitment and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. Moreover, 7E5 neutralized the immunostimulatory activity of soluble ENO1, which was significantly elevated in circulation during acute inflammation. These findings highlight ENO1 as a key regulator of inflammation and neutrophil infiltration. Targeting ENO1 with antibodies could be a promising strategy to mitigate tissue damage caused by excessive neutrophilic inflammation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lu, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, P.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, T.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, H.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, N.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuang, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, T.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.26.630451</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enolase-1 is essential for neutrophil recruitment during acute inflammation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.06.631473v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tracking changes in stability of North Sea Atlantic cod in 40 years 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.06.631473v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tracking changes in the stability of low-abundance populations is vital for conservation. While the stability of natural populations is often assessed based on linear dynamics, many exhibit state-dependent dynamics, such as the iconic Atlantic cod in the North Sea (Gadus morhua). This fish population experienced an abrupt decline in the year 2000 and has not shown a clear sign of recovery despite relaxed fishing pressure. To understand the mechanisms behind the recovery dynamics, we used a dynamical systems approach to reconstruct the state space of the population from yearly abundance data of age groups between 1982-2021. Specifically, we estimated yearly interaction matrices of age groups and derived yearly population stability, defined as the rate of recovery to or departure from the current state after a small perturbation to the matrix. We found that since the abrupt decline in abundance of North Sea cod in the year 2000, the population continued to fluctuate closer to the transition threshold; some age groups experienced weaker self-regulation; and age-1 group became more sensitive to perturbations than older groups. These results provide important information on North Sea cods resilience and capacity to buffer natural and anthropogenic impacts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tao, H.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, C.-h.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hidalgo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dakos, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.06.631473</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tracking changes in stability of North Sea Atlantic cod in 40 years]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.09.632083v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Plasma membrane mediated GLUT10 mitochondrial targeting regulates intracellular ascorbic acid homeostasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.09.632083v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Regulation of intracellular ascorbic acid (AA) levels is critical for connective tissue development and maintenance, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we uncover a novel regulatory role of glucose transporter 10 (GLUT10) in AA homeostasis through a noncanonical trafficking pathway from the endomembrane system to mitochondria, traditionally considered as separate entities. We demonstrate that GLUT10 transit from ER to mitochondria through the plasma membrane (PM) and endosomes increases under stress conditions. This PM localization enhances the transport of dehydroascorbic acid (DHA), the oxidized form of AA, thereby maintaining intracellular AA levels. Disruption of this trafficking impairs AA homeostasis. Our findings reveal a previously unrecognized localization of GLUT10 at the PM and endosomes, highlighting a novel communication between endomembrane system and mitochondria for proetin redistribution, which is essential for maintaining intracellular AA homeostasis and facilitating environmental adaptation.

Graphical abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=144 SRC="FIGDIR/small/632083v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@17ac1d1org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@4aa2f3org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@101849org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@aa9c26_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jose, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Syu, Y.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, H.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, M.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, S.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, W.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, W.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.09.632083</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Plasma membrane mediated GLUT10 mitochondrial targeting regulates intracellular ascorbic acid homeostasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.17.633482v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mitochondrial Ca2+ flickers on endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondrial contact sites to suppress store-operated Ca2+ entry 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.17.633482v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Successful Ca2+ signaling requires appropriate Ca2+ storage and buffering by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. Recent research has elucidated how Ca2+ storage in ER is controlled by STIM1-mediated store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). However, how cells employ mitochondrial Ca2+ buffering to maintain Ca2+ homeostasis has remained elusive. Here, with the use of mitochondria-tethered Ca2+ sensor, we noticed local Ca2+ flickering within individual mitochondria. Those Ca2+ flickers were generated on ER-mitochondrial contact sites (EMC), as indicated by their downregulation under EMC breakdown and upregulation under EMC induction. Surprisingly, EMC breakdown increased SOCE while EMC induction reduced SOCE. Further investigations revealed that EMC effect on SOCE was not through biological functions of mitochondria or through STIM1 regulators, but via IP3R-VDAC1-driven mitochondrial Ca2+ flickers on EMC. Those flickers depleted peri-EMC Ca2+ inside ER, resulting in STIM1 sequestration around EMC to cause SOCE reduction. Moreover, EMC breakdown also increased availability of STIM1 to bind with microtubule plus ends, preventing STIM1 over-activation and SOCE upregulation. Overall, ER, mitochondria and microtubules constitute a self-sufficient system to control Ca2+ homeostasis, driven by mitochondrial Ca2+ flickers to reduce SOCE and to prevent intracellular Ca2+ overload.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, F.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.17.633482</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mitochondrial Ca2+ flickers on endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondrial contact sites to suppress store-operated Ca2+ entry]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.23.634641v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unravel the start element and promoter architecture across the domain Bacteria 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.23.634641v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Core promoters comprise multiple elements whose interaction with RNA polymerase initiates transcription. Despite decades of research, substantial sequence and length variation of promoter elements has hindered efforts to elucidate their function and the evolutionary diversity of transcriptional regulation. Combining massively parallel assays, biophysical modeling, and functional validation, we systematically dissected the promoter architecture upstream of experimentally determined transcription start sites in 49 phylogenetically diverse bacterial genomes (GC content: 27.8-72.1%). We identified a conserved 3-bp promoter element, termed  start, that dictates transcription start site selection and enhances transcription. We uncovered a four-region organization within the variable spacer element, whose sequence composition modulates transcription by up to 600-fold. We showed that the discriminator element is conserved in Terrabacteria but diverse in Gracilicutes, the two major bacterial clades. High discriminator sequence diversity in Gracilicutes likely reflects diversifying evolution, enabling promoter-encoded regulation to orchestrate global gene expression in response to growth rate changes. Together, our findings reveal broad conservation of bacterial promoter organization while highlighting regulatory divergence of promoter elements and RNA polymerase between Terrabacteria and Gracilicutes. Sequence and functional similarities between bacterial promoter elements and their archaeal and eukaryotic counterparts further suggest a shared evolutionary origin of promoter architecture.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kuo, S.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, W.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, S.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chou, H.-H. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.23.634641</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unravel the start element and promoter architecture across the domain Bacteria]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.26.634793v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ancient origin of an urban underground mosquito 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.26.634793v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding how life is adapting to urban environments represents an important challenge in evolutionary biology. Here we investigate a widely cited example of urban adaptation, Culex pipiens form molestus, also known as the London Underground Mosquito. Population genomic analysis of [~]350 contemporary and historical samples counter the popular hypothesis that molestus originated belowground in London less than 200 years ago. Instead, we show that molestus first adapted to human environments aboveground in the Middle East over the course of >1000 years, likely in concert with the rise of agricultural civilizations. Our results highlight the role of early human society in priming taxa for contemporary urban evolution and have important implications for understanding arbovirus transmission.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Haba, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aardema, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Afonso, M. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agramonte, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albright, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alho, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Almeida, A. P. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alout, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alten, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altinli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amara Korba, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreadis, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anghel, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arich, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arsenault-Benoit, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atyame, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aubry, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avila, F. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayala, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azrag, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Babayan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bear, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becker, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bega, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bejarano, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ben-Avi, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benoit, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boubidi, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bradshaw, W. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bravo-Barriga, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bueno-Mari, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Busic, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cabanova, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cabeje, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caputo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cardo, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carpenter, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carreton, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chouaibou, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christian, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coetzee, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conner, W. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cornel,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.26.634793</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ancient origin of an urban underground mosquito]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.04.636453v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Axon collateral pattern of a sparse locus coeruleus norepinephrine neuron in mouse cerebral cortex. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.04.636453v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The locus coeruleus (LC) contains predominantly norepinephrine (NE) neurons that project widely throughout the brain. The LC plays a critical role in controlling behavior, particularly arousal. Historically, it was thought that the LC-NE system performed its behavioral control function by uniformly releasing NE throughout most brain regions. However, recent evidence suggests that the LCs cortical projections are organized into modules, which allows for the coordination of diverse, and sometimes opposing, functions such as fear memory formation and extinction. Nevertheless, many details remain unclear and require data from the axon collaterals of sparse neurons. We modified a viral tracing protocol using a dual-recombinase system to trace the axonal collaterals of sparse LC neurons projecting to the cingulate cortex (CgC). Our results show that even a small number of LC neurons have broad cortical projections, though the pattern is not uniform. Centered-log ratio transformation of NE fiber distribution across the cortex and hippocampus reveals a few preferential target areas (PTAs) of the labeled LC-NE neurons axonal projections. The summed NE fiber length in these defined PTs is enriched relative to the geometric mean of all other cortical and hippocampal regions where NE fibers were detected. Notably, the defined PTAs--including the rostral splenial cortex, dorsal hippocampus, somatosensory cortex, and CgC (the retrograde viral labeling injection site)--are functionally related to navigation. These results demonstrate that LC-NE neurons are organized into distinct projection modules, each comprising a small number of neurons with functionally correlated major cortical targets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hung, W.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Min, M.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.04.636453</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Axon collateral pattern of a sparse locus coeruleus norepinephrine neuron in mouse cerebral cortex.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.06.636774v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neutron crystallography of the covalent intermediate of β-glucosidase reveals remodeling of the catalytic center 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.06.636774v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Anomer-retaining glycoside hydrolases (GHs) generally catalyze a double displacement reaction via a covalent intermediate; however, neutron crystallography of glycoside ligand-bound states has not been performed. In this study, we investigated {beta}-glucosidase Td2F2 from GH family 1 as a model enzyme for anomer-retaining GHs. We determined joint X-ray/neutron structures of Td2F2 in ligand-free form, covalent intermediate with a 2-deoxy-2-fluoro glucoside (2F-Glc) inhibitor, and glucose product complex using hydrogen/deuterium-exchanged crystals at room temperature, with neutron diffraction resolutions of 1.80-1.70 [A]. Extensive hydrogen bonds recognizing the hydroxy groups of 2F-Glc were identified, along with the positions of deuterium atoms. The acid/base catalyst residue Glu166 was anchored by a hydrogen bond network pivoted by Asn293. Tyr295 forms a hydrogen bond with the catalytic nucleophile residue Glu352 in the ligand-free and glucose complex forms, while the active center undergoes significant reorganization, including side chain displacements of Glu352 and Tyr295, as well as the incorporation of a water molecule. An alternative conformation of Tyr295 was observed in the 2F-Glc structure at room temperature, suggesting its role in positioning the nucleophilic water during the deglycosylation step. The tyrosine hydrogen bonded to the nucleophile is also conserved in many other anomer-retaining GH families, underscoring its importance in catalysis. Based on the deuterium/hydrogen positions determined from neutron structures, we proposed a detailed reaction mechanism for Td2F2.

Significance StatementGlycoside hydrolases perform diverse functions in organisms, with over 180 known enzyme families. Although hydrogen bonds and proton transfer play important roles in enzymatic reactions, hydrogen atoms are generally invisible in macromolecular X-ray crystallography. In anomer-retaining glycoside hydrolases, general acid/base catalysis and the formation and hydrolysis of a covalent glycosyl-enzyme intermediate have been postulated. Here, we report neutron crystal structures of a {beta}-glucosidase, where hydrogen and deuterium atoms were visualized at high resolution. An intricate hydrogen-bonding network and remarkable remodeling at the catalytic center were observed during covalent intermediate formation, revealing a detailed catalytic mechanism. The enzyme belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 1 and represents numerous enzymes employing the anomer-retaining mechanism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yano, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arakawa, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ishiwata, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanaka, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kusaka, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fushinobu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.06.636774</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neutron crystallography of the covalent intermediate of β-glucosidase reveals remodeling of the catalytic center]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.19.638473v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Muscle Activation of Upper Body in Different-Angle Suspension Push-Ups: An Analysis of Angle-Specific Muscle Engagement 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.19.638473v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The aim of this study was to understand the effect on upper body muscle activation of bodily angle during push-ups performed with TRX suspension training. Nineteen men (age: 21.1 {+/-} 1.2 years; height: 174.1 {+/-} 4.9 cm; weight: 70.7 {+/-} 7.2 kg) with resistance training experience participated in this study. The participants were required to perform five push-ups on a stable surface and with TRX at five angles (+30{degrees}, +15{degrees}, 0{degrees}, -15{degrees}, and -30{degrees}, where 0{degrees} indicates that the shoulder joints were at the same height as the ankle joints when the arms were extended). The recovery period between the sets at each angle was 3-5 minutes. Stable-surface and TRX push-ups were separated by at least 48 hours. During push-ups, electromyography (EMG) data from the pectoralis major (PM), anterior deltoids (AD), triceps brachii (TRI), upper trapezius (UT), and serratus anterior (SA) were recorded. Muscle activation was indicated by the percentage of maximum voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC). The %MVIC of each muscle group was then categorized. Repeated-measured two-way analysis of variance was used to determine differences in the muscle group activation between the push-up surface types and five angles. Statistical significance was set at p < .05. The activation of the PM, AD, and TRI during TRX push-ups was categorized as medium to extremely high. Compared with that for stable-surface push-ups, the activation of the PM during TRX push-ups was significantly higher (p < .05). Furthermore, +30{degrees}, +15{degrees}, and 0{degrees} push-ups produced greater PM activation than push-ups at lower angles (p < .05). Both TRX and stable-surface push-ups resulted in greater anterior deltoids, TRI, UT, and SA activation during -30{degrees} push-ups. This study indicates the appropriate push-up practices for different muscle groups, as determined by quantifying the muscle activation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, K.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, P.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>CHIANG, T.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.19.638473</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Muscle Activation of Upper Body in Different-Angle Suspension Push-Ups: An Analysis of Angle-Specific Muscle Engagement]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.12.642756v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Thermal cycling-hyperthermia attenuates rotenone-induced cell injury in SH-SY5Y cells through heat-activated mechanisms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.12.642756v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Parkinsons disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease. It is characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), -synuclein (-syn) and phosphorylated-tau protein (p-tau) aggregation, and dopaminergic neuron cell death. Current drug therapies only provide temporary symptomatic relief and fail to stop or reverse disease progression due to the severe side effects or the blood-brain barrier. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of thermal cycling-hyperthermia (TC-HT) in an in vitro PD model using rotenone (ROT)-induced human neural SH-SY5Y cells. Our results revealed that TC-HT pretreatment conferred neuroprotective effects in the ROT-induced in vitro PD model using human SH-SY5Y neuronal cells, including reducing ROT-induced mitochondrial apoptosis and ROS accumulation in SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, TC-HT also inhibited the expression of -syn and p-tau through heat-activated pathways associated with sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and heat-shock protein 70 (Hsp70), involved in protein chaperoning, and resulted in the phosphorylation of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase-3{beta} (GSK-3{beta}), which inhibit p-tau formation. These findings underscore the potential of TC-HT as an effective treatment for PD in vitro, supporting its further investigation in in vivo models or potentially in human trials, with focused ultrasound (FUS) as a feasible heat-delivery approach.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kuo, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, G.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, F.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kung, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.12.642756</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Thermal cycling-hyperthermia attenuates rotenone-induced cell injury in SH-SY5Y cells through heat-activated mechanisms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.16.643507v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phylogenomic inference suggests differential deep time phylogenetic signals from nuclear and organellar genomes in gymnosperms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.16.643507v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The living gymnosperms include about 1,100 species in five major groups: cycads, ginkgo, gnetophytes, Pinaceae (conifers I), and cuppressophytes (conifers II). Molecular phylogenetic studies have yet to reach a unanimously agreed relationship among them. Moreover, cytonuclear phylogenetic incongruence has been repeatedly observed in gymnosperms. We collated a comprehensive data set from available genomes and added our own high-quality assembly of a species from Podocarpaceae (the 2nd largest conifer family) to increase sampling width. We used these data to infer reconciled nuclear species phylogenies using two separate methods to ensure robustness of our conclusions. We also reconstructed organelle phylogenomic trees from 41 mitochondrial and 82 plastid genes. Our nuclear phylogeny consistently recovers the Ginkgo-cycads clade as the first lineage split from other gymnosperm clades and the Pinaceae as sister to gnetophytes (the Gnepines hypothesis). In contrast, the mitochondrial tree places cycads as the earliest lineage in gymnosperms and gnetophytes as sister to cupressophytes (the Gne-cup hypothesis) while the plastomic tree supports the Ginkgo-cycads clade and Gnetophytes as the sister to Cupressophytes. We also examined the effect of mitochondrial RNA editing sites on the gymnosperm phylogeny by manipulating the nucleotide and amino acid sequences at these sites. Only complete removal of editing sites has an effect on phylogenetic inference, leading to a closer congruence between mitogenomic and nuclear phylogenies. This suggests that RNA editing sites carry a phylogenetic signal with distinct evolutionary traits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaw, S.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.16.643507</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phylogenomic inference suggests differential deep time phylogenetic signals from nuclear and organellar genomes in gymnosperms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.26.645564v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The PXBAR-domain protein SNX9 selectively sequesters PI(3,4)P2 lipid and protects it from hydrolysis at the plasma membrane 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.26.645564v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plasma membrane remodeling processes are tightly regulated by the spatiotemporal distribution and dynamic conversion of phosphoinositidyl lipids (PIPs). This regulation is controlled by the recruitment of proteins such as sorting nexin 9 (SNX9), a key mediator of late-stage endocytosis and macropinocytosis. Using live cell imaging, in vitro reconstitution assays, and molecular dynamics simulations, we investigated how SNX9 distinguishes between PI(3,4)P2 and PI(4,5)P2, and the physiological relevance of this selectivity. Our results revealed that during macropinocytic membrane ruffling, SNX9 is recruited in a spatiotemporally coordinated manner with PI(3,4)P2, but not with PI(4,5)P2. While SNX9 induces comparably weak mechanical remodeling on model membranes containing either PIP2 species, it exhibits a clear selective binding to PI(3,4)P2, mediated by a non-canonical interface. Through mutational analysis of key residues involved in this sequestration, we further demonstrated that SNX9 protects PI(3,4)P2 from hydrolysis. Together, these results reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism of SNX9-PIP2 lipid interaction that underscores SNX9s pivotal role in coordinating membrane remodeling processes.

TeaserCurvature sensing BAR protein SNX9 selectively sequesters PI(3,4)P2 lipids, acting as a checkpoint in cell membrane remodeling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Beiter, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sung, C.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, S.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeVuono, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arumugam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manzi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bassereau, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voth, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, F.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.26.645564</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The PXBAR-domain protein SNX9 selectively sequesters PI(3,4)P2 lipid and protects it from hydrolysis at the plasma membrane]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.27.645670v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeting Wnt Signaling and DNAJB6/MRJ-L as a Dual Anti-RSV Strategy: Insights into a Positive Regulatory Loop 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.27.645670v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of severe respiratory infections, yet effective treatments are lacking. We found that the molecular chaperon DNAJB6/MRJ plays an essential role in RSV replication. Depletion of the long isoform of MRJ (MRJ-L) suppresses RSV replication. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that MRJ-L depletion downregulates Wnt signaling pathways. A pharmacological inhibitor of Wnt signaling suppressed RSV propagation and unexpectedly reduced MRJ-L expression, suggesting a positive regulatory loop between Wnt signaling and MRJ-L expression. Notably, simultaneous inhibition of Wnt signaling and MRJ-L additively suppressed RSV replication, suggesting that the Wnt-MRJ-L axis may serve as a new therapeutic target. This study provides insights into host-RSV interactions and potential antiviral strategies.

Author SummaryThe molecular chaperone DNAJB6/MRJ has been implicated in the replication of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), although the precise mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we discovered that MRJ may influence RSV replication via Wnt signaling pathways. Specifically, we demonstrated that Wnt signaling inhibitor Wnt-C59 significantly reduced RSV replication by suppressing the synthesis of viral mRNA and genome/antigenome. Moreover, a positive feedback loop of the Wnt-MRJ axis may play a critical role in regulating RSV replication. Importantly, RSV replication was suppressed additively by inhibition of Wnt signaling and depletion of MRJ-L. Thus, a dual-targeted therapeutic approach may be effective in combating RSV infections.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lu, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, L.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yen, T.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tarn, W.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, L.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.27.645670</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeting Wnt Signaling and DNAJB6/MRJ-L as a Dual Anti-RSV Strategy: Insights into a Positive Regulatory Loop]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.04.652148v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tracking White Matter Changes After Stereotaxic Radiosurgery inMiniature Pigs Using structural MRI, DTI, and FDG-PET 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.04.652148v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Stereotaxic radiosurgery (SRS) non-invasively and precisely ablates brain tumors or glioma located in the location where is surgically inaccessible with the aid of three- dimensional coordination system. This technique can also treat functional or psychiatric disorders, yet its dosimetry and curative mechanism remain to be elucidated. In this study, a miniature pig model was utilized to verify the effect of stereotaxic radiosurgery on a white matter tract with various doses delivered by CyberKnife. As porcine brain bears high resemblance to that of human in size and structure, the potential irradiation- induced change in structures and metabolism was monitored by conventional tools in clinical, including anatomical magnetic resonance image (MRI), diffusion tensor image (DTI) and 18F-Fluoro-D-Glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). The right internal capsule was selected as the surgical target, and a one-year longitudinal study was conducted with whole brain images obtained once per three months. The results indicate that a dose equal to or higher than 60 Gy led to a late-onset radionecrosis which took a period close to 180 d to develop edema and breakage in the blood-brain barrier. In the meanwhile, DTI indices and differential tractography further illustrate a dose- and distance-dependent white matter injury along the tract of internal capsule. In contrast, doses of 40 Gy and below did not result in any discernible harm to the brain structure, but a sustained local inhibition in brain metabolism was observed in some pigs. The modulatory effect of low dose radiation awaits a comprehensive assessment throughout the whole brain in combination with behavioral or cognitive tasks built on pigs. This study showing the dose- and time-dependent changes will improve the understanding of the SRS dosimetry on the white matter and help investigators to decide an optimal window for brain imaging or behavioral assessment to take place on patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, C.-I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, M.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yen, R.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ju, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alder, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbosa, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schneider, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.04.652148</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tracking White Matter Changes After Stereotaxic Radiosurgery inMiniature Pigs Using structural MRI, DTI, and FDG-PET]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.08.652792v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Thermal cycling stimulation via nasal inhalation attenuates Aβ25-35-induced cognitive deficits in C57BL/6 mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.08.652792v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alzheimers disease (AD) continues to pose a significant public health challenge, with current treatments demonstrating limited effectiveness, partly due to the difficulty of delivering therapeutics across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The nose-to-brain (N-2-B) pathway offers a promising alternative, enabling pharmacological agents to circumvent the BBB. However, to date, no drugs have been successfully implemented in clinical settings for the treatment of AD via this route, underscoring the necessity for additional research in this area. Mild stress is thought to activate intrinsic protective mechanisms against neurodegeneration, but traditional methods of inducing stress often lack both specificity and practicality. To address this limitation, we propose the inhalation of mildly heated air as a form of thermal stimulation, which utilizes the N-2-B pathway to induce mild stress and stimulate cerebral activity. This study employs the method of thermal cycling-hyperthermia (TC-HT) technique [Chao C.Y. et al., U.S. patent 11753634, 2023 & Chao C.Y. et al., U.S. patent Appl. No. 18/864192, 2024] into a new treatment, adapted as thermal cycling-stimulation via nasal inhalation (TCSNI), which provides cyclic stimulation to maintain pathway activity while minimizing thermal injury. In this study, we assessed the health and olfactory effects of TCSNI in C57BL/6 mice and found no adverse effects. In experimental groups administered with {beta}-amyloid (A{beta}), TCSNI treatment resulted in significant enhancements in cognitive performance as evidenced by Y-maze and novel object recognition (NOR) assessments, suggesting an improvement in cognitive function. Protein analyses conducted on the hippocampus of the mice indicated a reduction in A{beta} accumulation, alongside increased expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) expression, as well as elevated levels of phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt). These results suggest that N-2-B-delivered TCSNI effectively modulates protein expression and enhances cognitive function, highlighting its potential for further exploration in AD treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, G.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LIU, H.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>CHEN, Y.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, F.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kung, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ching, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.08.652792</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Thermal cycling stimulation via nasal inhalation attenuates Aβ25-35-induced cognitive deficits in C57BL/6 mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.22.655602v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DNA2 and FANCM function in two distinctive pathways in disrupting TERRA R-loops and suppressing replication stress at ALT telomeres 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.22.655602v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cancers maintain their telomeres through two main telomere maintenance mechanisms (TMMs): 85-90% of cancers rely on telomerase, while 10-15% of cancers adopt the Alternative Lengthening of Telomere (ALT) pathway. Previously, we and others reported that FANCM, one of the Fanconi Anemia proteins, plays a critical role in suppressing replication stress and DNA damage at ALT telomeres by actively disrupting TERRA R-loops [1-4]. Here, we showed that inactivation of DNA2 in ALT-positive (ALT+) cells, but not in telomerase-positive (TEL+) cells, induces a robust increase of replication stress and DNA damage at telomeres, which leads to a pronounced increase of many ALT properties, including telomere dysfunction-induced foci (TIFs), ALT-associated PML bodies (APBs), and C-circles. We further demonstrated that depletion of DNA2 induces a pronounced increase of TERRA R-loops and a decrease in replication efficiency at ALT telomeres. Most importantly, we uncovered a strong additive genetic interaction between DNA2 and FANCM in the ALT pathway. Furthermore, co-depletion of DNA2 and FANCM causes synthetic lethality in ALT+ cells, but not in TEL+ cells, suggesting that targeting DNA2 and FANCM could be a viable strategy to treat ALT+ cancers. Finally, utilizing the single-molecule telomere assay via optical mapping (SMTA-OM) technology, we thoroughly characterized genome-wide changes in DNA2 deficient cells and FANCM deficient cells and found that most chromosome arms manifested increased telomere length. Unexpectedly, we uncovered many chromosome arm-specific telomere changes in those cells, suggesting that telomeres at different chromosome arms may regulate and respond to replication stress differently. Collectively, our study not only shed new light on the molecular mechanisms of the ALT pathway, but also discovered a new strategy for targeting ALT+ cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ragupathi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abid, H. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kosiyatrakul, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yetil, D. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neiswander, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feltman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yusupov, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, H.-P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schildkraut, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.22.655602</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DNA2 and FANCM function in two distinctive pathways in disrupting TERRA R-loops and suppressing replication stress at ALT telomeres]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.11.658946v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell type specific CaMKII activation patterns revealed by CaMKAR, a bioactivity reporter deployable in living cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.11.658946v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
An accurate and precise mechanism for measuring CaMKII activity in living cells is invaluable in the search for effective and targeted CaMKII-based therapeutics. Here, we employ our recently published CaMKII Activity Reporter (CaMKAR) biosensor in order to investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics of CaMKII activation in three different types of cells - cardiac myocytes, skeletal myocytes, and neurons. In doing so, we found a greater rate of CaMKII activation in skeletal muscle compared to cardiac muscle and also delineated CaMKARs ability to measure discrete CaMKII activation events in the presence of individual action potentials. By modifying the original CaMKAR sequence, we generated sensors that can be localized to subcellular compartments and thereby preferentially detect the activity of specific spatially-distributed CaMKII isoforms. Finally, we utilized the live-cell data to generate mathematical models of CaMKII activation kinetics, both as an integrated function across multiple calcium transients and as discrete on-off events following individual depolarizations. By furthering our understanding of CaMKII activity profiles across cell types and within subcellular compartments, we hope to support development of CaMKII inhibitors that are optimally precise and potent.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Severino, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reyes Gaido, O. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Cecetaite, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, A.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosales-Soto, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez-Ochoa, E. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luczak, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.11.658946</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell type specific CaMKII activation patterns revealed by CaMKAR, a bioactivity reporter deployable in living cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.11.659030v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular and Phenotypic Characterization of Telomere Repeat Binding (TRBs) Proteins in Moss: Evolutionary and Functional Perspectives 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.11.659030v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Telomere repeat binding (TRB) proteins are plant-specific proteins with a unique domain structure distinct from telomere-binding proteins in animals and yeast. While extensively studied in seed plants, their role in early-diverging plant lineages remain largely unexplored. Here, we investigate TRB proteins in a model moss, Physcomitrium patens, to assess their evolutionary conservation and functional significance. Functional analysis using single knockout mutants revealed that individual PpTRB genes are essential for normal development, with mutants exhibiting defects in the two-dimensional (protonemal) stage and, more prominently, in the formation of three-dimensional (gametophore) structures. Some double mutants displayed telomere shortening, a phenotype also observed in TRB-deficient seed plants, indicating a conserved role for TRBs in telomere maintenance. Transcriptome profiling of TRB mutants revealed altered expression of genes associated with transcriptional regulation and stimulus response in protonema. Subcellular localization studies across various plant cell types confirmed that PpTRBs, like their seed plant counterparts, localize prevalently to the plant nucleus and mutually interact. In bryophytes, TRBs form a monophyletic group that mirrors the species phylogeny, whereas in seed plants, TRBs have diversified into two distinct monophyletic groups. Our findings provide the first comprehensive characterization of TRB proteins in non-vascular plants and demonstrate their conserved roles in telomere maintenance, with additional implications for plant development and gene regulation across land plant lineages.



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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kusova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hola, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goffova Petrova, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rudolf, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zachova, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skalak, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hejatko, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klodova, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prerovska, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lycka, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sykorova, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertrand, Y. J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fajkus, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Honys, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prochazkova Schrumpfova, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.11.659030</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular and Phenotypic Characterization of Telomere Repeat Binding (TRBs) Proteins in Moss: Evolutionary and Functional Perspectives]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.16.658187v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Orphan nuclear receptors recruit TRIM28 to promote telomeric H3K9me3 for the alternative lengthening of telomeres pathway 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.16.658187v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) is a telomere maintenance mechanism deployed in embryonic stem cells and cancer cells. High levels of the heterochromatin mark H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) at telomeres are critical for ALT, but how that is achieved remains unclear. Telomeric association of orphan nuclear receptors (NRs)--such as COUP-TF1, COUP-TF2, TR2, and TR4--has been shown previously to promote ALT activation. Here, we show that orphan NRs regulate telomeric H3K9me3 through TRIM28, a corepressor of ZNF transcription factors, to drive ALT. We report that H3K9me3 is induced by telomeric association of orphan NRs in cultured human fibroblast and ALT cancer cell lines. Moreover, TRIM28 is required for the orphan NR-induced H3K9me3 and ALT phenotypes. Importantly, physical interaction of TRIM28 with orphan NRs facilitates a telomeric localization of TRIM28. A TRIM28 variant defective in orphan NR interaction fails to localize to telomeres and is unable to promote H3K9me3 and ALT phenotypes. These findings indicate that telomeric orphan NRs recruit TRIM28, driving telomeric H3K9me3 and ALT activation, emphasizing the role of changes in chromatin structure in ALT activation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tsai, C.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaela, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsia, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.16.658187</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Orphan nuclear receptors recruit TRIM28 to promote telomeric H3K9me3 for the alternative lengthening of telomeres pathway]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.22.660980v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Stay or Stray: Lpar1 regulates neutrophil retention and epidermal homeostasis in early zebrafish development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.22.660980v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neutrophils are the most abundant myeloid cells in the vertebrate innate immune system and play a crucial role in host defense. Dysregulated release from hematopoietic tissue or excessive recruitment to inflamed sites is associated with immunopathologies, including chronic inflammation and recurrent infections. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lipid that signals through a family of G protein-coupled receptors (LPAR1-6). Among these, LPA-LPAR1 signaling is activated in inflamed tissues and is known to modulate neutrophil infiltration during inflammatory responses. However, its role in neutrophil dynamics during early development remains unclear. Here, we report a novel function of Lpar1 in regulating neutrophil behavior during early zebrafish development. In Lpar1-deficient embryos, we observed a significant increase in neutrophil dispersal from the caudal hematopoietic tissue (CHT) at 3 days post-fertilization (dpf), with most dispersed neutrophils infiltrating the skin and contributing to elevated inflammatory signaling. Prior to dispersal, Lpar1-deficient embryos exhibited increased apoptosis of superficial epidermal cells and reduced expression of cxcl12a, a key retention signal for neutrophils in the CHT. Together, these findings highlight an essential role for Lpar1 in maintaining neutrophil retention and epidermal homeostasis during early development, thereby limiting inappropriate inflammation.

SUMMARY STATEMENTThis work identifies a new role for a known inflammatory receptor in coordinating immune cell retention and skin stability during early development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, S.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsiao, C.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.22.660980</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Stay or Stray: Lpar1 regulates neutrophil retention and epidermal homeostasis in early zebrafish development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.24.661228v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Airway microbiome-host transcriptome networks link microbial dysbiosis to survival outcomes and therapeutic opportunities in severe COVID-19 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.24.661228v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The lower respiratory tract microbiome may critically influence outcomes in severe COVID-19, yet remains understudied. We analyzed bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from 86 severe patients requiring mechanical ventilation, stratified into two groups. We identified 213 bacteria with differential abundance, 11 bacteria associated with differentially expressed genes, and 39 of them were associated with patient survival. The more serious group exhibited reduced microbial network complexity, suggesting ecosystem disruption. To explore therapeutic potential, we employed our previously published model and predicted that compounds like palbociclib, XMD-1499, RS-17053, and RS-504393 may shift host gene expression favoring beneficial microbial signatures. These results highlight an important link between microbial dysbiosis and COVID-19 severity, offering promising directions for microbiome-informed therapeutic strategies. Our findings underscore the importance of the lung microbiome in modulating host responses and clinical outcomes, and suggest that modulating microbial-host interactions may serve as a novel adjunctive approach in the treatment of severe COVID-19.

Graphical abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=101 SRC="FIGDIR/small/661228v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juan, H.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.24.661228</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Airway microbiome-host transcriptome networks link microbial dysbiosis to survival outcomes and therapeutic opportunities in severe COVID-19]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.25.661110v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Development and In Vivo Evaluation of a Novel Bioabsorbable Polylactic Acid Middle Ear Ventilation Tube 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.25.661110v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundOtitis media with effusion (OME) is a widespread condition causing hearing impairment, particularly in pediatric populations. Existing non-absorbable middle ear ventilation tubes frequently necessitate secondary surgical removal. Bioabsorbable polylactic acid (PLA) offers a promising alternative due to its inherent biocompatibility and tunable degradation characteristics. This study aimed to design, fabricate, and comprehensively evaluate a novel PLA middle ear ventilation tube.

MethodsBioabsorbable PLA tubes were designed and fabricated based on commercial models. In vitro biocompatibility was assessed according to ISO 10993 guidelines. In vivo evaluations were performed in a guinea pig model, including otoscopic examinations, auditory brainstem response (ABR) measurements, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging, and histological analyses.

ResultsThe PLA tubes were successfully designed and fabricated, exhibiting dimensions comparable to commercially available products. In vitro testing confirmed their biocompatibility. In vivo observations demonstrated that the PLA segments remained stable, with no significant inflammation detected. ABR measurements revealed no adverse impact on hearing function. Micro-CT imaging confirmed tube integrity and displayed initial signs of degradation over a 9-month period. Histological analyses indicated a favorable tissue response with minimal foreign body reaction.

ConclusionThe developed PLA middle ear ventilation tube represents a highly promising alternative to conventional non-absorbable tubes. It demonstrates excellent biocompatibility, preserves auditory function, and exhibits a controlled degradation profile. This preclinical study provides strong support for further investigation and subsequent clinical trials to validate its safety and efficacy in human patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teng, P.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.25.661110</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Development and In Vivo Evaluation of a Novel Bioabsorbable Polylactic Acid Middle Ear Ventilation Tube]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.26.661604v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Centriole biogenesis is seeded by CEP152-CEP63-PCNT aggregates propagating outside the centriole through the Alstrom syndrome protein ALMS1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.26.661604v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While subcellular structures like centrioles assemble flawlessly from protein components, it is unknown whether instructions from outside the components are involved. Centrioles build on the cartwheel scaffold that assembles in interphase and disassembles in mitosis following centriole growth, yet what underlies these cartwheel dynamics remains obscure. Here we identify ALMS1--an intrinsically disordered, disease-linked protein--as an external cofactor that preserves cartwheel-forming capacity without itself entering the cartwheel. Introducing disease-linked mutations disrupted cartwheel dynamics, enabling cartwheels to expand and shed from growing centrioles, and, in turn, form additional centrioles, leading to reciprocal amplification. Molecularly, we identified CEP152, CEP63, and PCNT as ALMS1-interacting proteins that form aggregates devoid of ALMS1, which function as seeds for cartwheel assembly independently of centrioles. These cartwheel seeds (CSs) form in interphase and exhibit a nanoscale, concentric ring comprising CEP152 and CEP63 from which the cartwheel grows. Upon mitotic entry, CSs transiently recruit ALMS1 before disassembling into components that associate with ALMS1 in proximity, matching the cartwheel dynamics. Depleting ALMS1 abolished CS assembly from components, thereby eliminating centrioles, while reintroducing ALMS1 generated de novo centrioles with diverse shapes that were inheritable. Thus, centriole biogenesis is grounded on ALMS1-mediated CS assembly and disassembly that operates outside the cartwheel-centriole relationship, a system, we hypothesize, involving memory.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ozaki, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, T.-J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shulman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Izquierdo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jane, W.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stearns, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luders, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsou, M.-F. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.26.661604</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Centriole biogenesis is seeded by CEP152-CEP63-PCNT aggregates propagating outside the centriole through the Alstrom syndrome protein ALMS1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.07.663451v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic Network Shaping Kenyon Cell Identity and Function in Drosophila Mushroom Bodies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.07.663451v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Revealing the molecular mechanisms underlying neuronal specification and acquisition of specific functions is key to understanding how the nervous system is constructed. In the Drosophila brain, Kenyon cells (KCs) are sequentially generated to assemble the backbone of the mushroom body (MB). Broad-complex, tramtrack and bric-{square}-brac zinc finger transcription factors (BTBzf TFs) specify early-born KCs, whereas the essential TFs for specifying late-born KCs remain unidentified. Here, we report that Pipsqueak domain-containing TF Eip93F promotes the identity of late-born KCs by reciprocally regulating gene expression in main KC types. Moreover, Eip93F not only regulates the expression of calcium channel Ca-1T in late-born KCs to functionally control animal behavior, but it also forms a genetic network with BTBzf TFs to specify the identities of main KC types. Our study provides crucial information linking KC-type diversification to unique function acquisition in the adult MB.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chung, P.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ku, K.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.07.663451</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic Network Shaping Kenyon Cell Identity and Function in Drosophila Mushroom Bodies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.29.667573v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatiotemporal Dynamics of fMRI Signal Changes Induced by High Concentration Normobaric Oxygen Inhalation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.29.667573v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While it is well known that oxygen supports the brains metabolic demands, it remains unclear how increased oxygen concentration influences intrinsic neural activity over time and across brain regions. Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we examined the dynamic responses to high-concentration normobaric oxygen across distinct phases of exposure and withdrawal. We revealed three patterns in the BOLD signals: increased activation during inhalation, an undershoot following immediate oxygen withdrawal, and reactivation even without continued oxygen. These responses were most pronounced in the default mode network (DMN), but also exhibited spatiotemporally heterogeneous patterns across the brain, a map we term Brain Oxygen Sensitivity Topography (BOST). Functional connectivity analyses further revealed increased between-network connectivity during inhalation and enhanced within-network connectivity in the DMN during the aftereffect. This spatiotemporal heterogeneity and transient network reorganization suggests that distinct physiological processes are engaged at each phase, enabling us to predict how different oxygen protocols will enhance specific cognitive functions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Su, Y.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goh, J. O. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanes, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, Z. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.29.667573</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatiotemporal Dynamics of fMRI Signal Changes Induced by High Concentration Normobaric Oxygen Inhalation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.22.671685v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CASTLE: a training-free foundation-model pipeline for cross-species behavioral classification 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.22.671685v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accurately and efficiently quantifying animal behavior at scale without intensive manual labeling is a long-standing challenge for neuroscience and ethology. Keypoint-based tracking emphasizes simplicity and efficiency but loses the richness of posture and context, while emerging foundation models capture pixel-level details, yet often require nontrivial efforts of retraining and can be more sensitive to backgrounds or lighting. Here, we present CASTLE, a training-free pipeline that addresses all these issues by synergistically combining foundation models for segmentation, tracking, and feature extraction. By isolating regions-of-interest (ROI), CASTLE first generates "focused (ROI-masked)" and orientation-invariant latent features, capturing rich postural details in zero-shot, fine-tuning-free manners. Following ROI isolation, CASTLE, through an interactive "Behavior Microscope" module, supports hierarchical clustering, for progressive, human-in-the-loop embedding and clustering. This enables raw-image-assisted discovery of behavioral classes without predefined categories. Across mice, Drosophila and C. elegans, CASTLE matches expert class annotations (>90%), reveals disease-relevant phenotypes in Parkinsonian mouse models. By eliminating purpose-specific model training and providing a raw-image-informed accessible workflow, CASTLE offers a scalable framework for interpretable, cross-species behavioral phenotyping.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.-S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, B.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jasmin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.22.671685</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CASTLE: a training-free foundation-model pipeline for cross-species behavioral classification]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.31.673341v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Utilization of Arabidopsis E3 ubiquitin decoys high-throughput yeast screen platform to dissect the ubiquitin-mediated circadian clock regulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.31.673341v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein ubiquitination, mediated by E3 ubiquitin ligases, is a critical regulatory mechanism of eukaryotic cellular processes, including circadian clock function. However, identifying E3-substrate pairs remains technically challenging due to substrate instability and the genetic redundancy of E3s. To overcome these limitations, we developed a high-throughput yeast two-hybrid E3 decoy screening platform, enabling systematic mapping of E3-substrate interactions. Using a library of 283 Arabidopsis F-box and U-box E3 decoys, we screened 21 core circadian clock regulators and identified 77 potential E3-substrate interaction pairs involving 56 E3s and 16 clock proteins. Focusing on high-confidence hits, we demonstrated that PUB18 physically interacts with the central clock regulators LHY and JMJD5 and promotes their ubiquitination in planta. Genetic analyses further revealed that PUB18 and its homolog PUB19 function redundantly in circadian clock regulation. This study establishes the E3 decoy yeast two-hybrid platform as a versatile and scalable tool for dissecting ubiquitination networks in broad biological processes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tu, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gendron, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.31.673341</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Utilization of Arabidopsis E3 ubiquitin decoys high-throughput yeast screen platform to dissect the ubiquitin-mediated circadian clock regulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.29.673034v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MAESTRO uncovers tandem paralog dynamics as a core driver of fungal stress adaptation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.29.673034v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding how fungi adapt to diverse stresses is critical for mitigating emerging drug resistance and harnessing their robustness for biotechnology. Pichia kudriavzevii is a stress-tolerant and intrinsically drug-resistant yeast, with dual industrial and clinical importance. We analyzed 170 strains using MAESTRO, a machine-learning-assisted GWAS pipeline optimized for small cohorts. MAESTRO identified biologically meaningful features and revealed that copy number variation (CNV) of tandem paralogs (TPs) is a core mechanism of multi-stress adaptation. TPs were recurrently linked to tolerance of industrial inhibitors (HMF, phenolics, heat) and antifungal drugs (fluconazole, azoles), and deletion of the TP pair gene4260/gene4261 confirmed pleiotropic effects across stresses. These findings support a TP CNV model where recombination-driven TP CNVs and gene fusions enable rapid stress adaptation. Importantly, our results suggest that antifungal resistance can arise through co-option of mechanisms originally evolved for environmental stressors, raising a One Health concern about the environmental origins of drug-resistant pathogens.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, P.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sasaki, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.-I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steindorff, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haridas, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ke, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fatma, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Opulente, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hittinger, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grigoriev, I. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dien, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoshikuni, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.29.673034</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MAESTRO uncovers tandem paralog dynamics as a core driver of fungal stress adaptation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.03.673934v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Major alleles of CDCA7α shape CG-methylation in Arabidopsis thaliana 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.03.673934v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
DNA methylation is a key epigenetic mark that impacts gene expression and represses transposable elements (TEs) in eukaryotes. Numerous examples of cis-elements targeted by DNA methylation, particularly at CG sites (mCG), have been reported to be under selective pressure in animals and plants. By contrast, there is limited knowledge of trans-regulators of mCG leading to adaptation. Here, using genome-wide association studies, we identify CELL DIVISION CYCLE-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 7 ALPHA (CDCA7) as a trans-regulator of mCG in natural populations of Arabidopsis thaliana. CDCA7 and its paralog, CDCA7{beta}, directly bind to the chromatin remodeler DECREASE IN DNA METHYLATION 1 (DDM1), which facilitates access of methyltransferases to DNA. CDCA7/{beta} selectively regulates mCG and minimally impacts other DDM1-dependent processes such as non-CG methylation and histone variant deposition. We identify the cis-regulatory sequence modulating CDCA7 expression in natural populations and determining the degree of mCG and TE silencing. The geographic distribution of CDCA7 alleles suggests that new alleles have repeatedly expanded to novel ecological niches, indicating a potential role in local adaptation. Altogether, our findings provide new insight into how changes in global DNA methylation levels through transcriptional regulation of the epigenetic machinery have the capacity to facilitate local adaptation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bourguet, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorkovic, Z. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casado, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bapteste, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Igolkina, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nordborg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berger, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sasaki, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.03.673934</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Major alleles of CDCA7α shape CG-methylation in Arabidopsis thaliana]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.06.674674v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neural coding for tactile motion: Scanning speed or temporal frequency? 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.06.674674v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Humans effortlessly perceive the speed of an object moving across their fingers, but how the brain encodes this information, especially across the hierarchical stages in the primary somatosensory cortex, remains unclear. This study thus investigated coding schemes, including rate and temporal codes, for tactile motion speed in macaque S1 areas 3b, 1, and 2. Extracellular electrophysiology recorded single-unit activities when a rotating sinusoidal grating ball of a fixed spatial period (wavelength of 1, 2, or 4 mm) was presented on the fingerpad at various speeds (20-320 mm/s). The results showed that the rate code was commonly employed to differentiate the stimulus scanning speed, spatial period, and scanning direction across S1 regions. In contrast, the temporal code was used to faithfully represent the stimulus temporal frequency, which was defined as the speed divided by the spatial period. Notably, area 3b had a wider range of frequency responses than did areas 1 and 2. These findings demonstrate that S1 uses both rate and temporal codes to encode distinct aspects of tactile motion. Future research should investigate how temporal patterns in S1 neuronal activity are potentially transformed and utilized in downstream somatosensory areas to form tactile motion perception and guide perceptual decisions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Y.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, J.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, C.-I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pei, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.06.674674</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neural coding for tactile motion: Scanning speed or temporal frequency?]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.11.675733v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-frequency, low-intensity pulsed electric field and N-acetylcysteine synergistically protect SH-SY5Y cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced cell damage in vitro 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.11.675733v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has gained attention as a potential agent due to its antioxidant capabilities. This study investigated the synergistic neuroprotective effects of combining NAC with non-contact high-frequency low-intensity pulsed electric field (H-LIPEF) stimulation on SH-SY5Y human neuronal cells subjected to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative damage. It was found that after SH-SY5Y cells were pretreated with NAC and exposed to H-LIPEF stimulation, the oxidative stress of cells was reduced in the subsequent treatment with H2O2. The results showed that the combined NAC and H-LIPEF treatment significantly improved cell viability and better preserved cellular morphology compared to either treatment alone. Additionally, this combination treatment more effectively reduced mitochondrial apoptosis. Mechanistic analyses revealed that the combination substantially decreased levels of superoxide and intracellular H2O2, which was associated with enhanced activation of the p-Akt/Nrf2/SOD2 signaling pathway. Furthermore, the treatment reduced the accumulation of 8-oxo-dG accumulation and elevated MTH1 expression, indicating a protective effect against oxidative DNA damage. These results suggest that H-LIPEF enhances the neuroprotective efficacy of low-dose NAC, highlighting the potential of this combination approach as a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NDDs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hsu, F.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.11.675733</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-frequency, low-intensity pulsed electric field and N-acetylcysteine synergistically protect SH-SY5Y cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced cell damage in vitro]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.13.675984v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Algebraic and Generative Design of DNA Origami via Origami Monoids 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.13.675984v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWWe integrate the elegance of monoid structures with the power of deep learning models, specifically Sequential variational autoencoders (SeqVAEs), to explore the vast and stability-dependent structural space of DNA origami. While existing computational tools provide well-established protocols for diverse applications, they lack large-scale datasets that could fully leverage modern computational power. To address this gap, we introduce an encoding framework based on the algebraic properties of Jones monoids. This approach enables both a top-down construction of DNA origami designs and a systematic understanding of how crossover arrangements influence overall shape. This work thus establishes a new framework for the design and analysis of DNA origami, bridging algebraic formalism with generative modeling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.13.675984</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Algebraic and Generative Design of DNA Origami via Origami Monoids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.13.675996v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TypeAssembly: Copy number estimation and allele typing for haplotype assemblies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.13.675996v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accurately annotating complex genes in the human genome, particularly from haplotype assemblies, remains a significant challenge. To overcome this, we developed TypeAssembly, a local alignment-based framework for copy number estimation and allele typing. Operating in two modes, mode-FASTA and mode-VCF, TypeAssembly can define alleles by either sequence or variant information. We successfully applied it to annotate 41 genes in the MHC locus, 17 KIR genes, and, for the first time, 15 pharmacogenes across 466 haplotype assemblies. This study establishes TypeAssembly as a robust method for accurately annotating complex genomic regions and provides an evaluation of existing gene annotations and callers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lai, H.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiu, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, T.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, H.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tseng, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hung, T.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, S.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, P.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.13.675996</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TypeAssembly: Copy number estimation and allele typing for haplotype assemblies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.03.680219v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pan-cancer analysis of patient-specific gene regulatory landscapes identifies recurrent PD-1 pathway dysregulation linked to outcome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.03.680219v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cancer heterogeneity remains a major challenge to the development of broadly effective therapies. Although gene expression-based stratification has advanced our understanding of molecular subtypes, it often overlooks the regulatory mechanisms driving tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. These mechanisms are governed by gene regulatory networks--complex systems of transcription factors and other regulators that control gene expression. To investigate regulatory heterogeneity at the patient level, we inferred individual gene regulatory networks for over 9,000 tumors across 33 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas enabling a comprehensive pancancer analysis of inter-patient regulatory variation. Our analysis uncovered novel regulatory subtypes and revealed recurrent dysregulation of the PD-1 signaling pathway in 23 cancer types. This dysregulation was associated with patient outcomes in 12 cancers and appeared largely independent of established molecular subtypes and immune cell composition, suggesting alternative regulatory mechanisms. We identified both well-characterized (FOS, JUNB, ATF3) and previously unrecognized (RFX7, ELF1, NFYA, NFYC) transcriptional regulators of PD-L1 (CD274), highlighting new candidate targets for modulating immune checkpoint activity across tumor types. Our work demonstrates the power of single-sample gene regulatory networks to uncover hidden layers of tumor biology, improve patient stratification, and inform future research in immunotherapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Belova, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, P.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hovan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osorio, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuijjer, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.03.680219</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pan-cancer analysis of patient-specific gene regulatory landscapes identifies recurrent PD-1 pathway dysregulation linked to outcome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.04.680482v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Plant-soil feedback persists beyond host death to shape density-dependent plant competition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.04.680482v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Background and AimsPlant-soil feedback (PSF) shapes plant competition, yet classic PSF experiments often overlook the density dependence and temporal complexities of PSFs, especially after host death. We ask whether microbial effects vary after host death and mediate density dependence in seedling competition.

MethodsWe combined forest inventory data from a subtropical forest with a density-gradient greenhouse experiment to evaluate seedling competition among two tree species with different mycorrhizal associations (ectomycorrhizal versus arbuscular mycorrhizal). In 2023, we collected soil inocula from living and dead trees (died between 2014 and 2019) with unsterilized and sterilized treatments. We applied invasion analysis to infer seedling competitive outcomes and used bootstrapping to evaluate uncertainty.

ResultsSoil microbial communities shaped seedling competition, favoring the ectomycorrhizal species. Using soils collected from living versus dead hosts as live inocula, we found similar plant competitive outcomes, indicating that PSF persists for over 4-9 years following host death. In contrast, when using sterilized inoculum, we found shifts in competition after host death, suggesting underlying abiotic changes which might masked by microbial effects. Moreover, we found significant evidence that soil microbes can mediate nonlinear density dependence in seedling competition.

ConclusionWe provide experimental evidence of persistent microbial legacies that benefit ectomycorrhizal tree species in a subtropical forest. Our study demonstrates how integrating field-based census data with density-gradient experiments and explicit uncertainty estimation can better capture the temporal dimensions, complexities of density dependence, and uncertainties of PSF.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang-Yang, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ke, P.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.04.680482</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Plant-soil feedback persists beyond host death to shape density-dependent plant competition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.11.681280v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
gAIRR-wgs: An Algorithm to Genotype T Cell Receptor Alleles Using Whole Genome Sequencing Data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.11.681280v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
T cell receptor (TR) genes, including variable (TR_V), diversity (TR_D), and joining (TR_J) segments, exhibit allelic diversity that is critical to adaptive immunity. Growing evidence has identified associations between TR genes and immune-related diseases. Germline variants may influence TR gene function and subsequent usage, highlighting the importance of accurate TR allele profiling. However, accurately identifying germline TR from standard WGS data remains challenging due to short read lengths, limited depth, and high sequence similarity. To address these challenges, we developed gAIRR-wgs, for WGS-based TR allele typing. By incorporating novel alleles from HPRC individuals, gAIRR-wgs exhibited excellent performance in allele calling, with F1 scores of 100.0% for TR_D, 99.8% for TR_J, and 98.3% for TR_V. Applying this pipeline to 1,492 individuals from the Taiwan Biobank (TWB), we identified 449 novel TR alleles, 277 of which overlapped with HPRC release 1 data of mixed ethnicity and are absent in the IMGT database. Further population comparison analysis revealed significant TR allele distribution differences across global populations, showing population-specific patterns and diversity variations between ethnic groups. We also discovered TWB-specific deletion polymorphisms affecting contiguous TRGV and TRBV genes, which are not recorded in the gnomAD database and undetected by standard structural variant callers, highlighting the need for tailored approaches to resolve complex immune gene regions. In conclusion, gAIRR-wgs enables accurate TR allele calling from standard WGS data using feasible computational resources and reveals substantial immunogenetic diversity in population cohorts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, K.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, M.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, S.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chou, T.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hung, T.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, P.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.11.681280</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[gAIRR-wgs: An Algorithm to Genotype T Cell Receptor Alleles Using Whole Genome Sequencing Data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.13.681303v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
deCYPher: Star Allele-Resolution Computational Framework of Pharmacogenes for Haplotype-Resolved Long-Read Assemblies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.13.681303v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although existing next-generation sequencing (NGS) tools, such as Aldy and Cyrius, have been applied for allele typing, they cannot achieve complete accuracy due to various genomic challenges including pseudogenes, structural variations, hybrid genes, copy number variations, and gene deletions. These complexities make accurate pharmacogene interpretation more challenging, despite the crucial role pharmacogenomics plays in precision medicine. We developed deCYPher, a tool that generates personalized pharmacogenomic reports from haplotype-resolved assemblies. The tool enables analysis of all PharmVar 1A level genes, such as CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A5, CYP4F2, DPYD, NUDT15, and SLCO1B1. Applied to all HPRC haplotypes (including both release 1 and release 2 data), deCYPher demonstrated high accuracy in resolving complex gene structures. In the case of CYP2D6, release 1 identified 6% gene multiplications, 6% full gene deletions, and 4% CYP2D6/CYP2D7 hybrids. By contrast, release 2 demonstrated an increased prevalence of multiplications (14%) and hybrids (11%), while the frequency of full gene deletions remained comparable at 5%. Comparison with pb-StarPhase revealed discrepancies in 12 of 94 assemblies in the release 1 dataset. For instance, in sample HG02257, Aldy, Cyrius, and deCYPher consistently identified the genotype as *2/*35, whereas pb-StarPhase reported *2/*2. Notably, the *35-defining variants were present in the BAM and VCF files in the pb-StarPhase pipeline, but the local read depth over the *35-specific region was only 5x in HG02257-p, suggesting that the misclassification likely resulted from insufficient coverage - a known limitation of pb-StarPhase under low-depth conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chang, T.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, H.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hung, T.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, H.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, P.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.13.681303</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[deCYPher: Star Allele-Resolution Computational Framework of Pharmacogenes for Haplotype-Resolved Long-Read Assemblies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.14.682309v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Fallacy and Bias of Averages on Vegetation Indices based Plant Phenotyping 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.14.682309v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundVegetation indices (VIs) from remote sensing are widely used for non-destructive plant phenotyping, often averaged across plots or image regions to represent each plot. However, according to Jensens inequality, which is known as the "fallacy of the average", it can bias estimates when nonlinear relationships exist between VIs and target traits. To examine this issue, we systematically assessed the severity of this bias and tested a correction method. VI values were simulated using six beta distributions with varying shapes and skewness, and with normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) images from a paddy rice experiment to evaluate bias under real conditions. Nonlinear link functions (concave, convex, logistic) with different noise levels were applied to model VI-trait relationships.

ResultThe results showed that averaging under nonlinear relationships reduced predictive performance, lowering the coefficient of determination (R2) between true and predicted traits by up to 82%. In the rice NDVI simulation, R2 was reduced by up to 58% around the tillering stage. Our correction method, which predicts traits from VI before averaging, substantially mitigated bias, improving R2 by up to 0.68 depending on noise level, VI distribution, and link function. To facilitate application, we established an interactive R Shiny website enabling users to quantify potential biases and the efficacy of corrections within this workflow based on their own research conditions

ConclusionIn summary, averaging VIs without accounting for nonlinear relationships can introduce substantial bias and degrade phenotyping accuracy. This bias should be explicitly considered in phenotyping analyses, and correction methods applied when appropriate to improve reliability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tseng, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.-y. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, T.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.14.682309</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Fallacy and Bias of Averages on Vegetation Indices based Plant Phenotyping]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.15.670298v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Predator decision-making shapes the dynamics and stability of mimicry systems 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.15.670298v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mimicry is an anti-predator strategy in which prey species (the mimic) resemble an unprofitable species (the model) to deceive predators. Despite theoretical expectations for perfect mimicry, imperfect mimicry, where the mimic resembles its model imperfectly, is widespread in nature. To understand how imperfect mimicry can persist ecologically, we studied the effect of different predator recognition processes on the dynamics and stability of various mimicry systems. Specifically, we extended a dynamical model that integrates optimal foraging and signal detection theories by introducing a novel abundance-dependent recognition mechanism, where predators perception of the similarity between mimic and model is influenced by the relative abundance of prey types. We demonstrate that intermediate similarity promotes stable community dynamics and increases mimic abundance in single Batesian mimicry systems. Moreover, abundance-dependent recognition leads predators to reduce attack on mimics with low morphological similarity, further contributing to system stability. Extending the framework to a multi-mimicry system, we find that Batesian and Mullerian mimics have contrasting effects: intermediate Batesian similarity continues to stabilize the system, while high Mullerian similarity provides additional protection and can off-set destabilization caused by highly similar Batesian mimics. Our study offers a novel explanation for the prevalence of imperfect mimicry in nature and highlights how recognition processes shape the ecological stability of mimicry systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ke, P.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.15.670298</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Predator decision-making shapes the dynamics and stability of mimicry systems]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.16.682767v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The demographic history, genomic variation, and transcontinental genotype-phenotype-environment map of mungbean 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.16.682767v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The breeding of mungbean, a crucial Asian legume, has been hampered by the lack of genomic resources. The International Mungbean Improvement Network (IMIN) aims to ensure global access to diverse germplasms and genomic resources. Using 780 worldwide wild and cultivated accessions, we report this species most comprehensive (pan)genomic variation, demographic history, and genotype-phenotype-environment map. Despite archaeological evidence of the earliest cultivation in South Asia, present-day wild populations only possess relict traces of shared polymorphisms with cultivars. We showed that parallel losses of black seed coats in two Vigna species were caused by the same mutational mechanism in the same gene. In large-scale cross-continent field trials, we found accessions from distant environments from the trial sites have lower performance, especially in high-heritability and high-yield sites, suggesting future breeding priority in benign conditions on accessions from similar environments. Our comprehensive genomic and trial resources facilitate future breeding success of this essential crop.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chien, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lien, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ong, P.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, C.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, P.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chai, M.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Douglas, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alam, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Win, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pratap, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boddepalli, V. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karimi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zohoungbogbo, H. P. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tignegre, J. B. D. L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asibuo, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Binagwa, P. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mbeyagala, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malik, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samsonova, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yen, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>von Wettberg, E. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naito, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schafleitner, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nair, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.16.682767</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The demographic history, genomic variation, and transcontinental genotype-phenotype-environment map of mungbean]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.17.683024v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparative genomics of a poinsettia-associated phytoplasma and functional validation of its SAP11-homologous effectors that induce plant branching 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.17.683024v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phytoplasmas are insect-transmitted plant pathogens that manipulate host development through secreted effector proteins. While they are notorious for causing agricultural losses, in the ornamental plant poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima), phytoplasma infection is uniquely harnessed to induce the commercially desirable free-branching trait. However, the effectors responsible for this phenotype have remained unknown. To address this question, we sequenced and analyzed the genome of  Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni PR2021, a strain associated with the high-branching cultivar Princettia Pink. Comparative genomics confirmed its species assignment and revealed an unusual effector repertoire. PR2021 lacks most previously described effectors but encodes two distinct SAP11 homologs, a family of effectors known to induce plant branching. Genomic context analysis showed that one homolog is located within a potential mobile unit (PMU) and is nearly identical to the SAP11 of the distantly related  Ca. P. asteris, while the other is located outside PMU regions and is divergent in sequence and predicted structure. Functional assays using Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana demonstrated that each homolog independently induced significant branching, whereas co-expression did not enhance the phenotype, indicating overlapping functions. These findings establish a direct connection between poinsettia branching and SAP11-homologous effectors, providing the first experimental evidence linking phytoplasma effector activity to this horticulturally important trait. This work expands understanding of phytoplasma effector diversity and mobility, while offering a functional framework for developing pathogen-free strategies to modulate ornamental plant architecture.

IMPACT STATEMENTPhytoplasmas are uncultivated bacterial pathogens that reprogram host development through secreted effectors. While they are notorious for causing agricultural losses, phytoplasma infection is uniquely harnessed to induce the desirable free-branching trait in poinsettia, although the molecular basis has remained unresolved. Through analysis of the complete genome of  Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni PR2021, a strain associated with a high-branching cultivar, we identified two SAP11-homologous effectors with contrasting genomic and evolutionary contexts. One appears vertically inherited and divergent from previously characterized homologs, whereas the other is embedded in a potential mobile unit and likely acquired through horizontal transfer. Importantly, both homologs induce branching despite substantial sequence divergence. Taken together, this work advances understanding of phytoplasma genome evolution and effector diversity, while providing experimental evidence that links effector function to host developmental manipulation. Beyond its horticultural relevance, it illustrates how horizontal gene transfer and lineage-specific retention shape phytoplasma effector complements, offering a foundation for future efforts to dissect and re-engineer effector-host interactions.

DATA SUMMARYAll genome assemblies analyzed in this study were obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Genome Database. The accession numbers are provided in Table S1.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pei, S.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, N.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hung, T.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.17.683024</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparative genomics of a poinsettia-associated phytoplasma and functional validation of its SAP11-homologous effectors that induce plant branching]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.21.683700v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BMAL2 is a druggable target for ARID1A-wildtype ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.21.683700v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is highly chemo-resistant and has worse clinical outcome at advanced stages than other ovarian cancer subtypes. The most frequent ([~]50%) alterations in OCCC are AT-rich interactive domain 1A gene (ARID1A) mutations which lead to ARID1A deficiency. However, OCCC that retains ARID1A function differs substantially from ARID1A mutated OCCC. Particularly, targeted therapies that sensitize ARID1A-deficient OCCC to DNA damage are largely ineffective against OCCC with wild-type (wt) ARID1A. Thus, it is important to identify druggable targets and develop targeted therapies specifically for ARID1A-wt OCCC. We identified BMAL2 as a critical OCCC oncogene that promotes tumorigenesis by preventing DNA damage from endogenous origins. BMAL2 depletion altered expression of genes in DNA damage repair pathways, including RAD51, a core enzyme of the homologous recombination (HR) pathway. This led to double-stranded break accumulation, decreased cell viability and reduced tumor growth. This dependence on BMAL2 to maintain DNA integrity and cell viability can be a new route to suppress ARID1A-wt OCCC. Consistent with this idea, we found that GW833972A, a cannabinoid receptor agonist, bound BMAL2 with high affinity and facilitated its degradation. This in turn reduced RAD51 expression, leading to an accumulation of DNA damage and decreased cell viability. Xenograft models further demonstrated that GW833972A treatment alone inhibited ARID1A-wt OCCC tumor growth. Together, our findings reveal an essential oncogenic role of BMAL2 and demonstrate that it is an appealing therapeutic target, especially for ARID1A-wt OCCC.

Statement of significanceBMAL2 depletion, or degradation by a small molecule, led to DNA damage accumulation, decreased cell viability and reduced tumorigenesis of ARID1A-wildtype ovarian clear cell carcinoma, indicating that BMAL2 is an appealing therapeutic target for treating this malignant disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tan, G. Y. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, L.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai Yuan, Y.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwang-Verslues, W. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.21.683700</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BMAL2 is a druggable target for ARID1A-wildtype ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.26.684708v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TRIB2 couples UCP1 degradation to thermogenic adaptation and metabolic health 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.26.684708v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genetic variation in TRIB2 has been associated with thermogenesis and fat accumulation, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is a key regulator of adaptive thermogenesis and energy expenditure. Here, we identified a human TRIB2 variant associated with migration patterns along latitude and environmental temperature, which destabilized its mRNA and is consistent with enhanced thermogenic capacity. We demonstrate that loss of Trib2 protects mice from diet-induced obesity, alleviates hepatic steatosis, and improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Trib2 knockout mice exhibit elevated UCP1 expression in brown adipose tissue, leading to enhanced thermogenesis and increased heat production. Mechanistically, TRIB2 acts as a scaffold that binds UCP1 through its pseudokinase domain and recruits the E3 ligase MYCBP2, thereby promoting UCP1 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Collectively, our findings reveal a previously unrecognized post-translational mechanism that regulates UCP1 stability and link TRIB2 function to both thermogenic adaptation and metabolic health, thereby highlighting TRIB2 as a potential therapeutic target for obesity and metabolic disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chueh, L.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tien, S.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H.-l.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, K.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, T.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Che, T. P.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yen, J. J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, C.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.26.684708</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TRIB2 couples UCP1 degradation to thermogenic adaptation and metabolic health]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.29.685309v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A topologically conserved unstructured region helps positioning the evolutionarily conserved Prp40 WW domains to promote non-canonical intron splicing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.29.685309v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Newly transcribed introns are immediately identified by early splicing factors that recognize the intron 5 splice site (5SS) and branch site (BS). In the budding yeast, these critical splice-site sequences are generally constrained, whereas degeneracy is the rule in higher eukaryotes. Yet, [~]40% of the yeast introns do diverge, to a certain degree, from the canonical sequences. Exactly how these non-canonical introns are recognized and spliced remains unknown. Here we show that the conserved Prp40 WW domains promote non-canonical intron splicing by enhancing stable U1 snRNP and BBP recruitments. AlphaFold predicts a topologically conserved unstructured region between Prp40 WW and FF domains. Alignment of the AlphaFold Prp40 structure with published U1 snRNP structure positions WW domains adjacent to 5SS and Luc7, which is known to be critical for 5SS recognition. Indeed, deletion of this unstructured region negatively impacts on splicing of the non-canonical 5SS introns. Taken together, our results suggest that the conserved WW domains may have evolved to deal with the highly degenerate 5SS and BS sequences in higher eukaryotes, so as to accommodate increased splicing complexity.

HighlightsO_LIThe evolutionarily conserved Prp40 WW domains promote splicing of introns harboring non-canonical 5 splice site or branch site.
C_LIO_LIPrp40 WW domains enhance stable U1 snRNP and BBP recruitments to nascent transcripts containing non-canonical splice sites.
C_LIO_LIA topologically conserved unstructured region between WW and FF domains helps to position Prp40 WW domains close to the 5 splice site.
C_LIO_LIThe N-terminal WW domain sterically hinders conformational rearrangements required for efficient release of a BBP variant during spliceosome assembly.
C_LIO_LIA reporter assay identified 13 non-canonical introns whose splicing, under various environmental conditions, depend on Prp40 WW domains.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tung, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, C.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, H.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, S.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, F.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kao, C.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pleiss, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, W.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, T.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.29.685309</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A topologically conserved unstructured region helps positioning the evolutionarily conserved Prp40 WW domains to promote non-canonical intron splicing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.29.685329v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 cooperates with AP-2 complex to promote endocytosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.29.685329v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Adaptor proteins play a critical role in intracellular protein transport by binding to cargoes and facilitating their sorting into vesicles. The adaptor protein 2 (AP-2) complex specifically recognizes sorting motifs on cargo proteins such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and transferrin receptor (TfR) for proper cargo sorting. However, the coordination of these adaptor proteins in cargo recognition remains unclear. Here, we uncover the non-canonical role of glycolytic enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) in protein endocytosis, acting independently of its catalytic activity. PGK1 serves as a co-adaptor to directly engage cargoes and reinforce AP- 2 complex stability, orchestrating efficient cargo sorting to promote endocytosis. Furthermore, PGK1 also integrates into the AP-2-clathrin complex, enhancing cargo recognition and internalization. Collectively, our findings establish a previously unidentified coat protein complex containing PGK1, highlighting its dual role as a cargo adaptor and stabilization of the AP-2 complex.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hsu, J.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, S.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hung, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, C.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.29.685329</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 cooperates with AP-2 complex to promote endocytosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.26.684620v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comprehensive Atlas of Cancer-Type-Specific Molecular Features from Comparative Analysis of TCGA Data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.26.684620v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cancer-type-specific molecular alterations often reflect the unique biological context of their tissue of origin and are more likely to represent relevant drivers rather than passenger events. We analyzed data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) spanning 39 cancer types and 6 molecular platforms to create a comprehensive atlas of cancer-type-specific molecular features through unified comparative analyses. Simple nucleotide variation analysis characterized cancer-type-specific gene mutations and revealed heterogeneity among mutated genes within shared pathways. Copy number variation analysis characterized cancer-type-specific amplifications and deletions and demonstrated synergistic interactions between gene deletions and mutations. DNA methylation analysis identified candidate hypermethylated genes alongside well-established targets. Transcriptome profiling analysis revealed cancer-type-specific pathway enrichment reflecting tissue-of-origin functions or novel associations. Multiomics clustering analysis identified multi-cancer clusters and revealed consistent patterns across molecular platforms. These findings provide insights into cancer-type-specific molecular features and offer comprehensive visualizations as a reference resource for clinical application and hypothesis generation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tung, Y.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.26.684620</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comprehensive Atlas of Cancer-Type-Specific Molecular Features from Comparative Analysis of TCGA Data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.07.687181v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pharmacological and Physiological Characteristics of Synaptic Transmissions from the Medial Prefrontal Cortex onto Noradrenergic Neurons and Their Presynaptic Neurons in the Mouse Locus Coeruleus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.07.687181v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The locus coeruleus (LC) is the primary source of norepinephrine in the brain and is known to modulate brain-wide arousal state. Recent evidence suggests that it also regulates immediate attentional responses by resetting related cortical networks to optimize behavioral outcomes. Cortical regions of high cognitive function, such as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), are theorized to directly influence LC output for the purpose of behavioral regulation. However, the available evidence is insufficient to provide a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms and properties. To provide further comprehensive data on this issue, we combined ex vivo whole-cell recording with an optogenetic approach to study the synaptic transmission of mPFC inputs to LC neurons, including noradrenergic (NA) neurons and GABAergic neurons presynaptic to them (preLC neurons). Our findings indicate that the mPFC exhibits monosynaptic connections with both NA and GABAergic preLC neurons. These synaptic connections demonstrate cell-type-specific disparities in glutamate release properties. In comparison to those on GABAergic preLC neurons, the mPFC fibers synapsing on LC-NA exhibit a lower release probability (higher paired-pulse ratio) and demonstrate a presynaptic enhancement of glutamate release efficacy during behavior. The features of simultaneous connections onto LC-NA and GABAergic preLC neurons, which exhibit cell-type-specific differences in plastic function of the transmitter release, enable the mPFC to effectively multiplex information to the LC for the adaptive regulation of behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lai, P.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hung, W.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Min, M.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.07.687181</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pharmacological and Physiological Characteristics of Synaptic Transmissions from the Medial Prefrontal Cortex onto Noradrenergic Neurons and Their Presynaptic Neurons in the Mouse Locus Coeruleus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.07.687258v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structured Neural Variability from Repeated Naturalistic Video Watching Experiences 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.07.687258v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The brain continuously integrates perception and interpretation processes to navigate dynamic environments. It is often assumed that these processes are invariant to repeated experiences. Here we investigated how neural responses to naturalistic stimuli evolve across multiple viewings using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Twenty participants watched 24 short videos across five separate scanning sessions. Between-subject correlations (BSC) decreased progressively across all brain regions with repeated viewing, indicating increasing individual variability. Within-subject correlations (WSC) consistently exceeded BSC, demonstrating that individuals are more similar to themselves than to others. However, the structure of within-subject variability differed fundamentally between sensory and interpretive regions. Early visual cortex exhibited strong repetition effects, with brain activity becoming increasingly dissimilar with each successive viewing, accompanied by reduced coupling to low-level visual features and decreased anti-correlation with default mode regions. In contrast, ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) showed temporal proximity effects, where sessions closer in time exhibited more similar activity patterns regardless of viewing number. This temporal structure in vmPFC aligned with fluctuations in participants video preferences across sessions. These findings suggest that repeated experiences are never processed identically: sensory systems adapt efficiently to familiar input while interpretive systems continuously reshape meaning based on current internal states.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, P.-h. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandt, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sadhukha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farrens, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jolly, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.07.687258</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structured Neural Variability from Repeated Naturalistic Video Watching Experiences]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.11.687106v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Single-Aliquot, Enrichment-Free Workflow for High-Throughput Plasma Proteome and N-Glycoproteome Profiling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.11.687106v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
High cancer mortality rates highlight an urgent need for early detection. Plasma proteomics and glycoproteomics provide minimally invasive routes for biomarker discovery, yet achieving an optimal balance among profiling depth, throughput, and longitudinal reproducibility remains a major challenge for clinical application and translation. To overcome this bottleneck, we present a single-aliquot, enrichment-free, paired-run dual-omics pipeline that concurrently profiles the global plasma proteome and N-glycoproteome from unenriched plasma. Following depletion of top14 abundant plasma proteins, we implemented sequential 23-min narrow-window data-independent acquisition (DIA) and 42-min stepped-collision-energy data-dependent (SCE-DDA) runs from the same plasma digest, delivering a clinical throughput of [~]24 patients/day with deep proteome coverage of 3,756{+/-}413 protein groups (PGs) and 1,226{+/-}78 glycopeptides per sample, including 303 FDA-approved drug targets. Cross-platform benchmarking with a previous generation instrument demonstrated significantly faster (>10-20 fold) profiling speed to achieve 113 PGs/min and high protein abundance reproducibility (Pearson r > 0.9), confirming cross-instrument transferability. Application to a 300-participant lung cohort (cancer, LDCT-detected non-cancer nodules, and controls) revealed differential expression of S100 and annexin family proteins between cancer and nodules. Paired glycoproteomic analysis (n=30) identified site-specific N-glycosylation alterations in FN1, IGHG2, C3, and MET independent of total protein abundance, uncovering additional biomarker candidates for early lung cancer detection. Together, this dual-omics strategy enables deep, scalable, and reproducible plasma analysis, supporting longitudinal biomarker discovery and validation across instruments and laboratories.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chang, K.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deyarmin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pradita, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samra, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, G.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, C.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuang, Y.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arrey, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, H.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xuan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, P.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, K.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yen, K.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, H.-j.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hermanson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, S.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, P.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.11.687106</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Single-Aliquot, Enrichment-Free Workflow for High-Throughput Plasma Proteome and N-Glycoproteome Profiling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.20.689638v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
scDock: Streamlining drug discovery targeting cell-cell communication via scRNA-seq analy-sis and molecular docking 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.20.689638v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SummaryIdentifying drugs that target intercellular communication networks represents a promising therapeutic strategy, yet linking single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis to structure-based drug screening remains technically challenging and requires substantial bioinformatics expertise. We present scDock, an integrated and user-friendly pipeline that seamlessly connects scRNA-seq data processing, cell-cell communication inference, and molecular docking-based drug discovery. Through a single configuration file, users can execute the complete workflow, from raw scRNA-seq data to ranked drug candidates, without programming skills. scDock automates the identification of disease-relevant ligand-receptor interactions from scRNA-seq data and perfoms structure-based virtual screening against these communication targets using Protein Data Bank (PDB) or AlphaFold-predicted protein structures. The pipeline generates comprehensive outputs at each stage, enabling users to explore intercellular signaling alterations and discover therapeutic compounds targeting specific cell-cell communications. scDock addresses a critical gap by providing an accessible end-to-end solution for communication-targeted drug discovery from single-cell data.

Availability and ImplementationscDock is freely available at https://github.com/Andrewneteye4343/scDock. It is implemented in R, Python, shell scripts, and supports Linux systems, including Ubuntu and Debian.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oyang, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juan, H.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.20.689638</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[scDock: Streamlining drug discovery targeting cell-cell communication via scRNA-seq analy-sis and molecular docking]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.21.689856v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TXNDC5 Governs Extracellular Matrix Homeostasis in Pulmonary Hypertension 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.21.689856v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BACKGROUNDPulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by vascular remodeling without effective treatments. Thioredoxin domain containing 5 (TXNDC5), a member of the protein disulfide isomerases (PDI) family, regulates protein folding and vascular homeostasis, yet its role in PH remains unknown.

METHODSLabel-free proteomics profiled protein expression in lungs from PH patients. TXNDC5 was analyzed by single-cell RNA sequencing, immunofluorescence, and Western blot. Endothelial gain- and loss-of-function approaches were applied in Sugen5416/hypoxia (SuHx)-induced rodent PH models. RNA sequencing and protein-protein interaction analysis were used to investigate underlying mechanisms.

RESULTSTXNDC5 was significantly upregulated in the lungs of patients with PH and in experimental PH models, with predominant localization in endothelial cells (ECs) of remodeled distal pulmonary arteries. Endothelial TXNDC5 overexpression exacerbated pulmonary vascular remodeling, elevated right ventricular systolic pressure, and promoted right ventricular hypertrophy, whereas global or endothelial-specific TXNDC5 deficiency conferred protection against SuHx-induced PH. Hypoxia-induced factor (HIF)-2 transcriptionally activated TXNDC5 to drive PH development. Single-cell RNA sequencing identified a distinct subpopulation characterized by TXNDC5high extracellular matrix (ECM)-producing ECs. Bulk RNA sequencing combined with protein-protein interaction analysis revealed that TXNDC5 regulated ECM homeostasis through biglycan (BGN). Pharmacological inhibition of TXNDC5 with E64FC26 and endothelial-targeted TXNDC5 gene therapy significantly attenuated PH severity in rats.

CONCLUSIONSOur study reveals that TXNDC5 is a main modulator to regulate ECM homeostasis and may serve as a promising target for the treatment of PH.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, K.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, W.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bian, J.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nie, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.21.689856</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TXNDC5 Governs Extracellular Matrix Homeostasis in Pulmonary Hypertension]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.25.690433v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Antimetastatic Sulfonate-Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Enhance Irinotecan Stability and Delivery for Colorectal Cancer Treatment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.25.690433v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, with Irinotecan (IRI) serving as a backbone chemotherapeutic despite its dose-limiting toxicities, instability of the active lactone form, and lack of intrinsic antimetastatic activity. To overcome these barriers, we developed sulfonate-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), referred to as (SO3-)-MSN-PEG/TA, as a multifunctional nanocarrier for IRI delivery. This nanoformulation markedly enhanced drug loading efficiency and preserved over 90% of the lactone form for up to six months, enabling sustained release and improved pharmacological stability. In vitro studies demonstrated superior cellular uptake, enhanced apoptosis, and a reduced IC50 compared to free IRI. Beyond drug delivery, (SO3-)-MSN-PEG/TA exhibited intrinsic antimetastatic activity by modulating focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/paxillin signaling, thereby impairing cell migration and suppressing angiogenesis, along with efficient tumor accumulation through the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Pharmacokinetic analysis further revealed that IRI@(SO3-)-MSN-PEG/TA prolonged systemic retention, maintaining higher IRI plasma concentrations compared with free IRI. IRI@(SO3-)-MSN-PEG/TA significantly inhibited both primary tumor growth and metastatic dissemination in orthotopic and heterotopic colorectal cancer models, while markedly reducing systemic toxicities and preserving bone marrow cellularity relative to free IRI and liposomal IRI (Onivyde). Collectively, this dual-functional nanomedicine provides an innovative therapeutic strategy that not only augments IRI efficacy but also confers metastasis suppression and favorable pharmacokinetics, addressing critical unmet needs in mCRC treatment. These findings highlight the translational potential of IRI@(SO3-)-MSN-PEG/TA as a safer and more effective therapy for mCRC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mou, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.25.690433</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Antimetastatic Sulfonate-Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Enhance Irinotecan Stability and Delivery for Colorectal Cancer Treatment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.27.690892v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Host-derived lipid transfer and metabolic reprogramming in a ciliate-algal symbiosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.27.690892v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Symbiotic associations enable species to integrate complementary traits and adapt to novel environments. However, how the host and endosymbiont exchange nutrients remains poorly understood in most cases. Previously Paramecium bursaria cells were shown to reorganize lipid droplets to accommodate endosymbiotic Chlorella cells and interfering with lipid metabolism reduced the endosymbiont number. Here, we combined transcriptomics, lipidomics, imaging mass spectrometry, and stable-isotope tracing to investigate organic nutrient exchange in this symbiotic system. Our results reveal that endosymbiotic algae undergo extensive reprogramming of lipid metabolic pathways and accumulate markedly higher levels of triglycerides than free-living algae. Isotope-labeling experiments demonstrate that at least some of these lipids originate from the host, providing direct evidence for organic carbon transfer from Paramecium to its algal endosymbionts. Together, our results show that the establishment of symbiosis fundamentally reshapes algal lipid metabolism and uncover an unexpected host-to-symbiont lipid provisioning mechanism--opposite to the canonical direction of carbon flow observed in most photosynthetic symbioses. This work provides new insight into the metabolic principles that sustain and stabilize endosymbiotic partnerships.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamal, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsiao, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, D.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leu, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.27.690892</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Host-derived lipid transfer and metabolic reprogramming in a ciliate-algal symbiosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.01.691703v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sperm-specific fertility factors SMZ-1/2 promote FB-MO biogenesis and MSP filament assembly in C. elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.01.691703v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In nematode sperm, motility is powered by polymerization of major sperm protein (MSP) into filaments assembled from a specialized organelle (FB-MO), but how filament formation begins is unclear. We identify two sperm-specific PDZ proteins, SMZ-1 and SMZ-2 (SMZ-1/2), that initiate MSP loading into pre-formed membranous organelles in Caenorhabditis elegans. SMZ-1/2 were expressed specifically in spermatogenic germ cells, colocalized with developing FB-MOs from diplotene through spermatid formation, and were redundant for fertility. Loss of SMZ-1/2 abolished MSP filaments, left MOs MSP-negative and morphologically immature, and caused primary spermatocyte arrest. Electron microscopy showed fewer, smaller FB-MOs lacking crystalline FBs, consistent with a defect in assembly initiation rather than late polymerization. SMZ-1/2 cytoplasmic structures were absent in spe-6 casein kinase mutants, placing SMZ-1/2 within a SPE-6-dependent initiation module. These findings identify SMZ-1/2 as PDZ scaffold proteins that initiate MSP assembly and couple kinase signaling to FB-MO biogenesis during nematode spermatogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Peng, H.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jane, W.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.-c.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.01.691703</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sperm-specific fertility factors SMZ-1/2 promote FB-MO biogenesis and MSP filament assembly in C. elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.02.691827v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Core elements play distinct roles in promoter birth and transcriptional regulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.02.691827v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene expression shapes phenotypes and evolution. However, studies of gene regulation focus on transcription factors, overlooking core promoters. To investigate how promoters emerge and regulate transcription, we determined the sequence-function landscapes of core elements, -35 and -10, in constitutive and transcription factor-regulated promoters in Escherichia coli. Characterization of in vivo transcriptional landscapes and in vitro RNA polymerase-promoter interactions showed the -10 element as essential for promoter evolution from random sequences. In contrast, the -35 element, though broadly conserved, is dispensable for promoter birth. Instead, it exerts greater impact on gene regulation via coordinated interactions with transcription activators and RNA polymerase. We further showed that evolution fine-tunes the -35 and -10 sequences of transcription factor-regulated promoters to achieve near-maximal fold changes by lowering basal while elevating induced expression. A notable exception is PluxI, whose leaky expression provides a crucial baseline for initiating quorum sensing. These findings elucidate promoter design principles and underscore the interdependence and coevolution of core elements, RNA polymerase, and transcription factors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kuo, S.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, W.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, S.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ni, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmai, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, N.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, I.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chou, H.-H. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.02.691827</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Core elements play distinct roles in promoter birth and transcriptional regulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.03.692236v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
S100A8/A9 Inhibition Reduces Splenic Myelopoiesis and Improves Outcomes After Stroke 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.03.692236v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundNeutrophils are among the earliest immune cells to infiltrate the ischemic brain and contribute to secondary neuronal damage. The alarmin S100 calcium-binding protein A8/A9 (S100A8/A9), predominantly released by neutrophils, is upregulated during this process. Although the bone marrow is recognised as the principal site of neutrophil production via myelopoiesis, the role of the spleen as an immune-responsive organ remains incompletely understood.

MethodsIn this study, we employed a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model in male C57Bl/6 mice and examined immune responses 24 hours post-stroke in the blood, bone marrow and spleen using flow cytometry. To understand the role of S100A8/A9 in modulating stroke-induced myelopoiesis, we administered a small molecule inhibitor of S100A8/A9, ABR-215757, before and after stroke.

ResultsNeutrophils and S100A8/A9 were found in the infarcted brain tissue. Interestingly, we observed a marked increase in splenic neutrophils, accompanied by an expansion of myeloid progenitors, indicating activation of extramedullary myelopoiesis. Given our previous work showing that S100A8/A9 promotes myelopoiesis, we pharmacologically inhibited S100A8/A9 to determine if this would modulate stroke-induced myelopoiesis. Treatment with ABR-215757 at 24 hours post-stroke led to reduced splenic myelopoiesis, reversed neutrophilia, enhanced forelimb grip strength, and a one-third reduction in infarct size.

ConclusionThese findings identify the spleen as a key contributor to neutrophil production following stroke and suggest that targeting S100A8/A9 may attenuate post-stroke inflammation and improve neurological recovery.

HighlightsO_LIStroke induces extramedullary myelopoiesis in the spleen, not femoral bone marrow.
C_LIO_LINeutrophil-derived S100A8/A9 drives splenic myelopoiesis after ischemic stroke.
C_LIO_LIPharmacological blockade of S100A8/A9 with ABR-215757 reduces neutrophilia.
C_LIO_LIInhibition of S100A8/A9 lessens infarct size and improves neurological recovery.
C_LIO_LIHuman stroke tissue confirms S100A8/A9 accumulation with neutrophil infiltration.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Sharea, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, S.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rupasinghe, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagareddy, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drummond, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arumugam, T. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sobey, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.03.692236</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[S100A8/A9 Inhibition Reduces Splenic Myelopoiesis and Improves Outcomes After Stroke]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.07.692862v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
White eye-rings coevolved with diurnal behaviors as a trait enhancing visual appeal in rodents 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.07.692862v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Conspicuous colorations are widespread in animals, yet their adaptive functions remain unclear, particularly in mammals. White eye-rings (WER), the bright-colored pelage encircling eyes, are prevalence in rodents (Mammalia: Rodentia). Phylogenetic analyses across 601 rodents show that WER has repeatedly emerged with transitions to diurnalism and disappeared with reversions to nocturnalism during rodent evolution. To explore WERs function, we performed behavioral tests on the Nile rat (Arvicanthis niloticus, diurnal with WER) and the house mouse (Mus musculus, nocturnal without WER), and found that WER enhances visual appeal (the ability to attract attention or preference), likely by accentuating facial bilateral symmetry. This effect is neither associated with sexual selection nor species recognition and was absent in mice. Thus, WER appears selectively favored in diurnal rodents capable of perceiving and responding to it, but is constrained in nocturnal species. These findings illustrate how ecological factors and shared sensory preferences shape conspicuous color patterns.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Le, N. H. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiu, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weng, M.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, B.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.07.692862</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[White eye-rings coevolved with diurnal behaviors as a trait enhancing visual appeal in rodents]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.09.693331v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tissue-guided multi-omics profiling identifies extracellular vesicle biomarkers indicative of lung pathology in acute respiratory distress syndrome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.09.693331v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundAcute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains a lethal inflammatory lung condition lacking reliable biomarkers that reflect lung-specific pathology. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) circulate systemically and may carry molecular signals from injured organs, but the correspondence between EV cargo and lung tissue alterations remains unclear.

MethodsWe established aspiration-, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-, and COVID-19-induced murine ARDS models and applied a tissue-guided multiomics framework integrating proteomic and metabolomic analyses of lung tissue and plasma-derived EVs to identify lung-originating circulating biomarkers.

ResultsFour proteins--haptoglobin (HP), inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chains 3 and 4 (ITIH3, ITIH4), and clusterin (CLU)--were consistently upregulated in both lung tissue and plasma EVs across all ARDS etiologies. Metabolomic integration revealed dysregulation of arachidonic acid metabolism as a unifying inflammatory axis. Multiomics network analysis further distinguished etiology-specific molecular programs, including glycolytic activation in aspiration-induced, platelet aggregation in LPS-induced, and vascular smooth muscle dysregulation in COVID-19-induced ARDS.

ConclusionsThis study establishes a tissue-informed EV profiling framework that links local lung pathology to systemic molecular signatures, revealing HP, ITIH3, ITIH4, CLU, and arachidonic-acid-related metabolites as potential diagnostic markers for ARDS. These findings provide a foundation for developing clinically translatable, EV-based biomarker assays for early detection and molecular subtyping of lung injury.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, P.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suk, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, C.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, I.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.09.693331</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tissue-guided multi-omics profiling identifies extracellular vesicle biomarkers indicative of lung pathology in acute respiratory distress syndrome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.10.693347v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reduction of Aβ25-35-Induced Cognitive Impairments in C57BL/6 Mice Through Focused Ultrasound Thermal-Cycling Stimulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.10.693347v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hyperthermia (HT) is recognized across various medical disciplines for its capacity to modulate specific protein expressions. In efforts to improve Alzheimers disease (AD), HT has the potential to regulate heat shock proteins (HSPs) and antioxidant enzymes, which helps decrease the aberrant accumulation of {beta}-amyloid (A{beta}) protein and oxidative stress. Nonetheless, the precise delivery of mild hyperthermia to the brain remains a significant challenge. To apply mild hyperthermia targeted to the brain and evaluate its impact on cognitive improvement, this study used focused ultrasound (FUS) to administer localized mild hyperthermia to the brains of AD mouse induced by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of A{beta}25-35. For considerations of safety and therapeutic efficacy, a thermal cycling-hyperthermia (TC-HT) protocol was adapted into a focused ultrasound-mediated thermal cycling stimulation (FUS-TCS), which was compared with the continuous focused ultrasound-mediated hyperthermia stimulation (FUS-HTS). The findings revealed that the FUS-TCS treatment group exhibited a significant improvement in cognitive performance, as evidenced by enhanced outcomes in the Y-maze and novel object recognition (NOR) tests. Furthermore, this group demonstrated increased expression of A{beta}-degrading enzymes and antioxidant proteins, including heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), neprilysin (NEP), insulin degrading enzyme (IDE), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2). These results suggest that localized mild hyperthermia targeting the brain using FUS-TCS treatment represents a promising strategy for ameliorating cognitive deficits associated with AD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, G.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, F.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kung, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ching, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.10.693347</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reduction of Aβ25-35-Induced Cognitive Impairments in C57BL/6 Mice Through Focused Ultrasound Thermal-Cycling Stimulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.02.697448v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nanodisc-Mediated Visualization of Crowding-Induced Condensation and Membrane Reorganization in Two-Dimensional Membrane Environments 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.02.697448v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although biological membranes exhibit complex and dynamic organization, the mechanistic role of molecular crowding in governing lateral membrane heterogeneity remains poorly characterized experimentally. Here, we provide direct experimental visualization showing that crowding-induced condensation of membrane-anchored macromolecules above the bilayer interface reorganizes membrane dynamics and gives rise to spatially heterogeneous lipid mobility. Both PEGylated lipids and membrane-anchored proteins undergo surface-density-driven condensation on supported lipid bilayers, forming immobile regions that constrain lipid diffusion. Notably, the condensation threshold varies inversely with PEG chain length and surface density, defining a quantitative relationship between molecular size and crowding strength. To directly visualize these crowding-induced structures, we employed nanodelivery using lipid-loaded nanodiscs, revealing a clear correspondence between condensed crowder regions and diffusion barriers reminiscent of the picket-fence model of live-cell membranes. Similar condensation behavior observed for protein-crowded SLBs demonstrates the generality of this crowding-driven mechanism. Together, these findings establish surface-density-driven crowding and condensation of membrane-anchored macromolecules as a key physical mechanism underlying lateral membrane inhomogeneity and position nanodelivery as a general approach for interrogating membrane organization across synthetic and biological systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bai, R.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tien, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, C.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, W.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, C.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, Y.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.02.697448</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nanodisc-Mediated Visualization of Crowding-Induced Condensation and Membrane Reorganization in Two-Dimensional Membrane Environments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.04.697536v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dopaminergic Modulation of Mushroom Body Output Neurons Mediates Nociception-Induced Escape in Drosophila 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.04.697536v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In Drosophila, noxious heat is detected by peripheral nociceptors expressing transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, including Painless and TrpA1, and rapidly triggers escape behavior. Although peripheral transduction has been defined in detail, the central circuits and neuromodulatory mechanisms that translate nociceptor activity into escape decisions remain poorly understood. Here, we combine targeted behavioral perturbations with anatomical tracing to delineate a nociception-to-escape pathway that engages dopaminergic modulation of mushroom body (MB) output. Kir2.1-mediated silencing across candidate neurotransmitter systems revealed a specific requirement for MB-innervating dopaminergic neurons (DANs)--particularly subsets within the protocerebral posterior lateral 1 (PPL1) and protocerebral anterior medial (PAM) clusters--for robust nociception-induced escape. Anterograde trans-Tango tracing from painless- and trpA1-expressing nociceptors labeled these MB dopaminergic neurons as direct postsynaptic partners, consistent with convergence of distinct nociceptor inputs onto a shared dopaminergic pathway. Finally, silencing a subset of mushroom body output neurons (MBONs) delayed escape without overtly disrupting baseline locomotion, supporting a model in which dopaminergic signaling recruits MB output to shape defensive action selection. Together, our results define a multi-layer circuit motif linking peripheral nociception to MB-dependent escape and provide a framework for dissecting how neuromodulation gates rapid defensive behaviors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, K.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charng, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, L.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, Y.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, A.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.04.697536</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dopaminergic Modulation of Mushroom Body Output Neurons Mediates Nociception-Induced Escape in Drosophila]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.09.698636v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Organelle biogenesis on a synthetic bead 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.09.698636v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Centrosomes are complex organelles that comprise multiple copies of hundreds of different proteins, yet they can precisely duplicate every cell cycle. Here we reconstitute centrosome duplication on synthetic beads programmed to recruit core centrosome assembly proteins when injected into Drosophila embryos. These beads generate structures that are functionally indistinguishable from centrosomes: they recruit centriole/centrosome proteins, organise microtubules (MTs) and proceed through multiple rounds of high-fidelity duplication, all in synchrony with the endogenous centrosomes. The beads function as seeds that recruit biogenesis-promoting proteins to stimulate the assembly of relatively simple scaffolds that direct centrosome self-assembly. This "Seed--Scaffold--Self-Assemble" mechanism may represent a general principle of organelle biogenesis, explaining how simple molecular inputs can generate complex structures without the need to copy a pre-existing template.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chang, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blaya-Martinez, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, S.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohamad, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monteiro, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harrison, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raff, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.09.698636</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Organelle biogenesis on a synthetic bead]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.16.699882v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rice Annotation Project Database (RAP-DB): literature-curated gene annotation and integrated omics resources for rice functional genomics and molecular breeding 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.16.699882v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
High-throughput sequencing technologies have enabled the generation of high-quality reference genomes for numerous rice cultivars. However, inferring gene functions, associated phenotypes, and causal variants from these sequences remains challenging. The Rice Annotation Project Database (RAP-DB; https://rapdb.dna.affrc.go.jp) is a curated genomic resource that provides comprehensive gene annotations for the reference genome of Oryza sativa ssp. japonica cv.  Nipponbare. Since its major update in 2013, gene models and functional annotations have been continuously revised through expert manual curation of newly published literature related to rice genes. As of March 2025, a total of 6,631 transcripts corresponding to 6,371 loci have been curated based on 4,699 peer-reviewed publications. These curated genes are functionally characterized and are frequently associated with agronomic traits, including yield components, stress tolerance, and disease resistance. To support molecular breeding, RAP-DB now provides a curated catalogue of 904 agronomically important loci, including gene symbols, functional descriptions, and associated traits, together with more than 1,000 functionally characterized alleles compiled from the literature. In addition to in-house expert curation, RAP-DB integrates community-curated datasets for major gene families, such as WRKY transcription factors, S-domain receptor-like kinases, and leucine-rich repeat-containing receptors, thereby expanding coverage of key regulatory and defense-related genes. RAP-DB also incorporates reanalyzed RNA sequencing expression profiles alongside microarray-based expression data and co-expression networks, offering gene-centric views of expression patterns across tissues, conditions, and developmental stages. Furthermore, RAP-DB is linked to genome-wide variation datasets from diverse rice varieties through the TASUKE+ genome browser, enabling exploration of allelic diversity across varieties. To enhance annotation quality and long-term sustainability, AI-assisted literature screening and a web-based feedback system have been introduced, allowing users to submit corrections to gene models and report newly characterized genes or relevant publications. Together, these developments strengthen RAP-DB as a primary, literature-based gene annotation resource and provide a practical foundation for molecular breeding in rice.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kawahara, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kishikawa, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirata, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tamagaki, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumagai, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tabei, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sakai, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Itoh, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.16.699882</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rice Annotation Project Database (RAP-DB): literature-curated gene annotation and integrated omics resources for rice functional genomics and molecular breeding]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.17.700073v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Engineering a performance-improved, axon-targeted kalium channelrhodopsin for optogenetic neuropathway inhibition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.17.700073v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Optogenetic neuropathway inhibition is a powerful approach for dissecting circuit functions. This strategy, however, frequently encounters practical challenges due to insufficient expression or performance of the optogenetic silencer on axonal projections/terminals. HcKCR1, a light-gated potassium-selective channel from Hyphochytrium catenoides, has shown great promise for optogenetic inhibition. Unfortunately, the application of HcKCR1 in neuropathway manipulations is hindered by its unsatisfactory gating properties and poor axonal trafficking. To overcome these hurdles, we first engineered a performance-improved HcKCR1 (piKCR) that allowed more reliable neuronal inhibition at low intensities of green or red light. We next engineered an axon-targeted piKCR (piKCR.AT) that demonstrated long-range axonal trafficking and optical presynaptic inhibition in the mouse hippocampus. When piKCR.AT was expressed in the cerebellar Purkinje Cells (PCs), optical manipulation of PC outputs to the deep cerebellar nuclei robustly disrupted mouse movement on the balance beam. With enhanced performance and axonal distribution, piKCR.AT may provide new opportunities for elucidating neuropathway functions in health and diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lopez, S. M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, I.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, M.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, W.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.17.700073</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Engineering a performance-improved, axon-targeted kalium channelrhodopsin for optogenetic neuropathway inhibition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.24.701468v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deficiency of miR130a leads to fat hypertrophy, hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.24.701468v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Insulin resistance, excessive and ectopic fat accumulation, chronic low-grade inflammation, and pancreatic beta-cell failure are pathological features of type 2 diabetes mellitus.MiR-130a has been demonstrated to suppress the mRNA levels of PPAR{gamma}, NF-{kappa}B, and TNF- in vitro. PPAR{gamma} is a master regulator of systemic fat and glucose metabolism. NF-{kappa}B and TNF- are pivotal modulators of inflammation. Therefore, we aimed to examine the systemic effect of miR130a on fat metabolism, glucose/insulin homeostasis, and inflammation in mice.

We found that mirR130a-deficient mice exhibited larger white fat mass with hypertrophic adipocytes, increased lipogenic gene expression in fat, and elevated serum leptin levels than controls. The white fat pads of mirR130a-deficient mice showed significant macrophage infiltration with enhanced expression of pro-inflammatory genes. In addition, mirR130a-deficient mice had more severe hepatic steatosis and higher hepatic triglycerides content than controls. Similarly, mirR130a-deficient mice had increased macrophage infiltration and lipogenic and inflammatory gene expression in the liver. Consistently, we found that Lepob/ob mice expressed markedly decreased miR130a expression in the liver and white fat compared to controls.

Importantly, mirR130a-deficient mice displayed impaired glucose tolerance and worsened insulin resistance, accompanied with reduced serum adiponectin levels. Furthermore, insulin secretion is reduced in mirR130a-deficient mice compared to controls.

In conclusion, knockout of miR130a in mice results in fat hypertrophy, hepatic steatosis, increased macrophage infiltration in liver and fat, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance. These data indicate miR130a exert systemic anti-diabetic effects.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuang, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chou, S.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shih, C.-h.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.24.701468</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deficiency of miR130a leads to fat hypertrophy, hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.04.703894v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Time perception follows Weber's law in Drosophila 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.04.703894v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ability to perceive time is essential for adaptive behavior, enabling organisms to respond to change, coordinate actions, and predict future events in dynamic environments and during social interactions. However, its evolutionary origins and underlying neural mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, can perceive time intervals ranging from sub-second to a few seconds and use them to predict the location of potential food sources. Using a behavioral paradigm in which flies learn to associate temporal patterns of sound with food rewards, we show that their ability to discriminate between two time intervals depends on the ratio of their durations rather than their absolute difference. This proportional relationship follows Webers law, a fundamental principle of sensory discrimination. Moreover, flies can generalize learned temporal rules to novel stimuli and across sensory modalities, suggesting they form an abstract representation of time. Finally, we identify the mushroom body as a critical neural circuit for temporal learning. These findings reveal unexpected timing capabilities in Drosophila, providing new insights into the evolutionary origin of temporal cognition and establishing Drosophila as a genetically tractable model for investigating the neural basis of time perception.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lo, T.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.04.703894</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Time perception follows Weber's law in Drosophila]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.10.704981v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HSPB8 regulates CTP synthase filaments to couple nucleotide metabolism and autophagy in tumors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.10.704981v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metabolic adaptation and proteostasis are essential for tumor survival under nutrient stress, yet how these processes are mechanistically integrated remains unclear. Here, we identify CTP synthase (CTPS) filament dynamics as a regulatory nexus linking nucleotide metabolism to autophagic flux. Under glutamine deprivation--a hallmark of poorly vascularized solid tumors--CTPS undergoes polymerization into filamentous assemblies that exhibit reduced enzymatic activity. We demonstrate that filament formation is driven by intracellular asparagine availability and stabilized by the accumulation of misfolded proteins. Using APEX2-based proximity labeling and proteomics, we identify the small heat shock protein HSPB8 as a filament-associated regulator. HSPB8, acting within the chaperone-assisted selective autophagy (CASA) pathway, antagonizes CTPS polymerization by promoting clearance of misfolded proteins, thereby restoring soluble, catalytically active CTPS. Filament disassembly increases CTP production and enhances synthesis of autophagy-related phospholipids, including phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylethanolamine, resulting in accelerated autophagic flux. Cells expressing filament-deficient CTPS mutants display elevated autophagosome formation and increased LC3-II accumulation upon lysosomal blockade, confirming enhanced flux. In vivo, disruption of CTPS filament assembly impairs xenograft tumor growth and is associated with excessive autophagy. Analysis of TCGA datasets further reveals that high CTPS and low HSPB8 expression correlate with poor patient survival across multiple cancers. Collectively, our findings establish CTPS filament dynamics as a proteostasis-sensitive metabolic switch that coordinates nucleotide biosynthesis with autophagy, revealing a previously unrecognized vulnerability in tumors adapting to nutrient limitation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, W.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, K.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakraborty, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chien, K.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ke, P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, W.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, I. Y.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, M.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, C.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grosshans, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pai, L.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.10.704981</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HSPB8 regulates CTP synthase filaments to couple nucleotide metabolism and autophagy in tumors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.16.706197v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tuning metaplasticity in the adult visual cortex using flickering light 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.16.706197v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Synaptic connections in the brain are refined by sensory experience during an early postnatal critical period, but by adulthood synaptic connectivity is resistant to further changes. A consequence of lost plasticity is limited recovery from brain injury, disease, and adverse sensory experience. Thus, there is great interest in treatments that can promote synaptic modifications in the adult brain. In a wide variety of contexts, it has been established that the qualities of synaptic plasticity are not fixed but rather vary depending on the recent history of cellular or synaptic activity1. This plasticity of plasticity, or metaplasticity2 explains why temporary manipulations of brain activity (e.g., by drugs3, transcranial stimulation4, or sensory deprivation5) can set the stage for subsequent, potentially therapeutic, long-lasting synaptic modifications6. Here we tested the hypothesis that plasticity in the adult mouse visual cortex is influenced by prior exposure to temporally modulated light and discovered that different flicker frequencies have qualitatively different effects. Exposure to 60 Hz stimulation increased microglia density, depleted perineuronal nets (PNNs), and restored ocular dominance plasticity in response to brief monocular deprivation (MD). Exposure to 40 Hz flicker also enabled ocular dominance plasticity, but it did so in a distinct way and without PNN remodeling. A key distinction is that unlike 60 Hz flicker, which enabled depression of synaptic strength by MD, 40 Hz flicker promoted synaptic strengthening. Indeed, we found that 40 Hz flicker primed a rapid and robust recovery from the effects of long-term MD that failed to occur after 60 Hz flicker. Thus, metaplasticity can be non-invasively "tuned" by light flickering at different frequencies to encourage different forms of synaptic plasticity in the cerebral cortex, including modifications that enable recovery of function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Reilly-Andujar, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cramer, T. M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, E. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, N.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heynen, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bear, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.16.706197</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tuning metaplasticity in the adult visual cortex using flickering light]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.24.707661v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
STRATA: Spatial Regulon Field Theory Reveals Coupling Architecture of Human Skin and Its Homogenization in Melanoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.24.707661v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spatial transcriptomics captures gene expression in tissue context, yet current analyses reduce continuous regulatory landscapes to discrete cell clusters, discarding the geometry of intercellular regulation. Here we introduce STRATA (Spatial Transcription-factor Regulatory Architecture of Tissue Analysis), a differential-geometric framework that constructs continuous regulon activity fields from transcript coordinates, computes their coupling tensor to quantify local co-regulation between transcription factor programs, and derives a Regulon Stability Index from the Jacobian singular value decomposition. Applied to Xenium in situ data from human skin melanoma (382 genes, 13.7 million transcripts), STRATA identifies coupling phase boundaries -- positions where the regulatory logic of tissue changes -- that track histological tissue architecture (Pearson r = 0.32 with the dermal-epidermal junction marker KRT-diff, r = 0.51 with maximum principal stretch {sigma}1; P < 10-10). Within-tissue comparison reveals that the melanoma microenvironment does not abolish regulon coupling but homogenizes it: coupling variance decreases 28% and phase boundary intensity drops 18% relative to the epidermal zone. STRATA transforms spatial transcriptomics from cell cataloguing to continuous field analysis of regulatory tissue architecture.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tjiu, J.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.24.707661</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[STRATA: Spatial Regulon Field Theory Reveals Coupling Architecture of Human Skin and Its Homogenization in Melanoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.09.710440v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Robust volumetric multiplex staining of centimeter-scale FFPE tissues guided by neural network-based optimization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.09.710440v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurodegenerative diseases involve structural and morphological alterations in tissue architecture that are difficult to capture in single thin sections. Three-dimensional multiplexed pathology, however, remains limited by the lack of clearing methods applicable to formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) clinical specimens. As the development of tissue-clearing methods requires the optimization of multiple parameters, we employed a neural network-based Complex System Response (CSR) approach to guide the design of FIDELITY, an epoxy-free delipidation and epitope-retrieval pipeline for whole FFPE specimens. FIDELITY preserves tissue rigidity, enhances immunostaining efficiency, and supports at least five rounds of multiplex labeling without deformation. It enables whole-brain atlas registration, quantitative neuronal profiling, and volumetric pathology of archived human Alzheimers and glioma specimens while remaining compatible with routine histology. Altogether, FIDELITY provides accurate 3D metrics and offers translational potential to bridge spatial mapping and conventional pathology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Z.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ko, P.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, H.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tung, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, A.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiock, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, B.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, L.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.09.710440</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Robust volumetric multiplex staining of centimeter-scale FFPE tissues guided by neural network-based optimization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.10.710763v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Improved Protein Encapsulation and Delivery by Lipid Nanoparticles with Refined Ionizable Lipid Content 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.10.710763v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Efficient intracellular delivery of nucleic acids, proteins, and other biomolecules is critical to advancing therapeutic strategies and genome-editing technologies. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as highly promising delivery vehicles owing to their self-assembly properties, biocompatibility, and capacity to encapsulate large molecular cargos. Their biological performance is determined largely by lipid composition, which influences particle stability, cellular uptake, membrane fusion, and intracellular trafficking. In this study, we designed and optimized LNP formulations inspired by the lipid architecture of enveloped viruses. Four distinct formulations were generated and systematically evaluated in mammalian cell culture, leading to the identification of two lead candidates with superior delivery characteristics. The biodistribution and translocation properties of these formulations were subsequently assessed using an in vitro brain endothelial barrier model to mimic brain environment. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the selected LNPs enable efficient and functional delivery of CRISPR-Cas ribonucleoprotein complexes to mammalian cells. Together, these findings underscore the potential of rationally engineered LNPs as versatile, safe, and effective non-viral delivery platforms for advanced genome-editing applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dirvelyte-Valauske, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazerimas, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pavliukeviciene, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daugelaviciene, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kutanovas, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kao, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neniskyte, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Budvytyte, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.10.710763</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Improved Protein Encapsulation and Delivery by Lipid Nanoparticles with Refined Ionizable Lipid Content]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.16.712002v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Distinct Layer 1 Astrocyte Program Shapes Perisynaptic Structure and Calcium Signaling in Mouse Motor Cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.16.712002v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although layer-specific molecular and morphological diversity among cortical astrocytes is increasingly well established, how these distinct states are linked to specialized calcium signaling and maintained in the adult cortex remains unclear. Here, combining super-resolution structural imaging, two-photon calcium imaging, and analysis of public single-cell and spatial transcriptomic resources, we identify Layer 1 (L1) astrocytes in mouse primary motor cortex as a distinct superficial astrocyte program. These cells occupy compact territories yet contain dense synapse-associated loop-like structures and display frequent, fast, broadly spreading calcium events that engage a large fraction of the territory. Transcriptomic analyses identify Id1 and Id3 as enriched components of this superficial program. CRISPR-Cas9 deletion of Id1 and Id3 in adult astrocytes selectively disrupts L1 and superficial Layer 2/3 (L2/3) astrocytes, expanding territory size, reducing fine-process complexity, and suppressing calcium activity. Thus, adult layer-specific transcriptional programs maintain specialized astrocyte structure and signaling.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=185 SRC="FIGDIR/small/712002v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (65K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@89c916org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1f0d71eorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@bb02f3org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1bedf7e_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG HighlightsO_LILayer 1 astrocytes in mouse motor cortex have compact, loop-rich nanoarchitecture
C_LIO_LILayer 1 astrocytes show fast, frequent, widespread calcium events
C_LIO_LISingle-cell data define a superficial astrocyte state enriched for Id1 and Id3
C_LIO_LIAdult Id1/Id3 loss selectively disrupts Layer 1 astrocyte structure and calcium
C_LI

In BriefBhattacharjee et al., identify a specialized Layer 1 astrocyte state in mouse motor cortex, defined by compact, loop-rich nanoarchitecture and unusually high calcium signaling. Id1/Id3 deletion selectively disrupts this superficial program, linking layer-specific astrocyte form and function to adult transcriptional control.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, K.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, M.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, Z.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tong, S.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuang, Z.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chou, S.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiu, S.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chou, M.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.16.712002</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Distinct Layer 1 Astrocyte Program Shapes Perisynaptic Structure and Calcium Signaling in Mouse Motor Cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.16.711258v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
De Novo Regeneration of Rete Ridges during Cetacean skin wound healing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.16.711258v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Humans are tight-skinned mammals who typically fail to regenerate large full-thickness skin wounds, instead healing with substantial scarring and concomitant loss of function. Mechanical context is a major determinant of this outcome: elevated tissue tension or stiffness promotes fibrotic repair associated with hypertrophic or keloid scarring. Accordingly, regenerative medicine research has relied on diverse animal models to understand scar development and skin regeneration. Loose-skinned mammals exhibit greater regeneration ability. Furthermore, spiny mouse skin is significantly less stiff and associated with enhanced regenerative ability. Interestingly, this skin wound stiffness can be modulated to shift healing toward more regenerative or more fibrotic trajectories. Despite of this progress, the restoration of normal skin architecture after large-full thickness injury has not been elucidated in tight-skinned mammals. Can large full-thickness wounds regenerate with minimal scarring in tight-skinned mammals? Here we show the tight-skinned mammal Frasers Dolphin regenerates de novo a complex rete ridge architecture with associated vasculature and minimal scar following large full-thickness wound healing. Counterintuitively, this skin regeneration occurs in an aqueous, high-shear stress and high-tension environment. Complete rete ridge regeneration in tight-skinned mammals has not been documented and not observed in humans except in utero. This unique ability to rebuild elaborate rete ridges under tension is an opportunity to uncover molecular, cellular, and tissue-level mechanisms that enable regenerative wound healing in a mechanical regime typically associated with fibrosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.-V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiou, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiou, T.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shieh, S.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, M.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuong, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hughes, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.16.711258</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[De Novo Regeneration of Rete Ridges during Cetacean skin wound healing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.30.715435v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extending island biogeography theory to biotic islands: Microbial communities in epiphytic bird's nest fern Asplenium nidus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.30.715435v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
1. Biotic insular systems differ from conventional islands because patch attributes change dynamically as patch-forming organisms develop. It therefore remains unclear whether the assembly mechanisms predicted by island biogeography theory (IBT) operate in such systems. Here, using epiphytic birds nest ferns (BNFs, Asplenium nidus) as a model biotic island system, we tested whether fungal and bacterial community diversity conform to species-area relationships predicted by IBT. With a stratified sampling scheme, we further evaluated the underlying mechanisms (passive sampling, disproportionate effects, and environmental heterogeneity) of species-area relationships, and assessed isolation effects using distance-decay patterns in community similarity.

2. We treated each BNF individual as a microbial island and categorized 24 BNFs into three size classes. Microbial and humus samples from multiple litter layers within each BNF individual were collected; microbial communities were characterized using next-generation sequencing, and humus chemical properties (pH and C:N ratio) were measured to characterize microhabitat conditions. To investigate mechanisms underlying species-area relationships, we applied a multi-scale rarefaction framework to partition diversity components. Spatial distances among BNFs were quantified to evaluate isolation effects.

3. Consistent with IBT predictions, both fungal and bacterial communities exhibited positive species-area relationships, indicating that larger BNFs harbored greater microbial richness. Diversity partitioning suggested that fungal richness increased through both disproportionate effects and environmental heterogeneity, whereas bacterial richness was primarily driven by environmental heterogeneity. Within larger ferns, greater heterogeneity in litter pH was associated with increased species turnover across litter layers, suggesting that decomposition-driven pH gradients create diverse microhabitats that promote microbial diversity. In addition, both microbial communities exhibited distance-decay patterns, indicating that isolation contributes to community assembly through dispersal limitation.

4. Synthesis. Our results demonstrate that BNFs function as a biotic insular system, in which both patch size and spatial isolation structure microbial diversity, consistent with predictions from IBT. Furthermore, we show that environmental heterogeneity generated by the growth of the habitatforming BNF mechanistically links island area to microbial diversity. Our study integrates both local habitat heterogeneity and regional spatial structure, highlighting the potential to extend IBT and metacommunity theory to organism-formed habitats.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tseng, Y.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ke, P.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.30.715435</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extending island biogeography theory to biotic islands: Microbial communities in epiphytic bird's nest fern Asplenium nidus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.05.716573v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Global genomic diversity of the selfing nematode Caenorhabditis tropicalis correlates with geography 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.05.716573v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Self-fertilization reduces genetic diversity compared to outcrossing and hypothetically decreases the ability to adapt to diverse environments. Among Caenorhabditis nematodes, self-fertilization evolved three times independently in Caenorhabditis elegans, Caenorhabditis briggsae, and the more recently discovered Caenorhabditis tropicalis. To survey C. tropicalis genetic relatedness, the influence of geography and niche on species-wide variation, and the signatures of selection, we collected 785 wild strains, sequenced their genomes, and identified 622 distinct genotypes (isotypes). In contrast to C. elegans and C. briggsae, C. tropicalis relatedness shows substantial association with geography and no transcontinental selective sweeps or broadly sampled isotypes. Populations from the Hawaiian Islands or Taiwan harbor more genetic variation than populations from the Caribbean or Americas, suggesting a Pacific species origin similar to other members of the Elegans subclade. Punctuated genomic regions of extreme genetic variation pervade the genome. These hyper-divergent regions (HDRs) comprise less than 6% of the reference genome in any given strain despite harboring 73% of all variant sites and are enriched for genes likely involved in environmental adaptation. HDRs represent a shared genomic feature of self-fertilizing Caenorhabditis nematodes despite their independent evolutionary origins and suggest a mechanism to explain worldwide distributions despite low species-wide levels of genetic variation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moya, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanny, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sauria, M. E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O Connor, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khorshidian, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKeown, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stevens, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buchanan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crombie, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dilks, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cook, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stinson, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberto, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zdraljevic, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gosse, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gimond, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, M.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dang, V. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cutter, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rockman, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Felix, M.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braendle, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersen, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.05.716573</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Global genomic diversity of the selfing nematode Caenorhabditis tropicalis correlates with geography]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
</rdf:RDF>
