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<title>bioRxiv Channel: University of Ottawa</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org</link>
<description>
This feed contains articles for bioRxiv Channel "University of Ottawa"
</description>

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<prism:publicationName>bioRxiv</prism:publicationName>
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<title>bioRxiv</title>
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<link>https://biorxiv.org</link>
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<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/039644v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Biocompatibility of Subcutaneously Implanted Plant-Derived Cellulose Biomaterials 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/039644v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
There is intense interest in developing novel biomaterials which support the invasion and proliferation of living cells for potential applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Decellularization of existing tissues have formed the basis of one major approach to producing 3D scaffolds for such purposes. In this study, we utilize the native hypanthium tissue of apples and a simple preparation methodology to create implantable cellulose scaffolds. To examine biocompatibility, scaffolds were subcutaneously implanted in wild-type, immunocompetent mice (males and females; 6-9 weeks old). Following the implantation, the scaffolds were resected at 1, 4 and 8 weeks and processed for histological analysis (H&E, Massons Trichrome, anti-CD31 and anti-CD45 antibodies). Histological analysis revealed a characteristic foreign body response to the scaffold 1 week post-implantation. However, the immune response was observed to gradually disappear by 8 weeks post-implantation. By 8 weeks, there was no immune response in the surrounding dermis tissue and active fibroblast migration within the cellulose scaffold was observed. This was concomitant with the deposition of a new collagen extracellular matrix. Furthermore, active blood vessel formation within the scaffold was observed throughout the period of study indicating the pro-angiogenic properties of the native scaffolds. Finally, while the scaffolds retain much of their original shape they do undergo a slow deformation over the 8-week length of the study. Taken together, our results demonstrate that native cellulose scaffolds are biocompatible and exhibit promising potential as a surgical biomaterial.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Daniel J Modulevsky</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charles M Cuerrier</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrew E Pelling</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-02-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/039644</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Biocompatibility of Subcutaneously Implanted Plant-Derived Cellulose Biomaterials]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-02-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/070094v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Widespread Historical Contingency in Influenza Viruses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/070094v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In systems biology and genomics, epistasis characterizes the impact that a substitution at a particular location in a genome can have on a substitution at another location. This phenomenon is often implicated in the evolution of drug resistance or to explain why particular  disease-causing mutations do not have the same outcome in all individuals. Hence, uncovering these mutations and their locations in a genome is a central question in biology. However, epistasis is notoriously difficult to uncover, especially in fast-evolving organisms. Here, we present a novel statistical approach that replies on a model developed in ecology and that we adapt to analyze genetic data in fast-evolving systems such as the influenza A virus. We validate the approach using a two-pronged strategy: extensive simulations demonstrate a low-to-moderate sensitivity with excellent specificity and precision, while analyses of experimentally-validated data recover known interactions, including in a eukaryotic system. We further evaluate the ability of our approach to detect correlated evolution during antigenic shifts or at the emergence of drug resistance. We show that in all cases, correlated evolution is prevalent in influenza A viruses, involving many pairs of sites linked together in chains, a hallmark of historical contingency. Strikingly, interacting sites are separated by large physical distances, which entails either long-range conformational changes or functional tradeoffs, for which we find support with the emergence of drug resistance. Our work paves a new way for the unbiased detection of epistasis in a wide range of organisms by performing whole-genome scans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jean Claude Nshogozabahizi</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jonathan Dench</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stephane Aris-Brosou</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-08-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/070094</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Widespread Historical Contingency in Influenza Viruses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-08-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/070102v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Viral outbreaks involve destabilised viruses: evidence from Ebola, Influenza and Zika 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/070102v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent history has provided us with one pandemic (Influenza A/H1N1) and two severe viral outbreaks (Ebola and Zika). In all three cases, post-hoc analyses have given us deep insights into what triggered these outbreaks, their timing, evolutionary dynamics, and phylogeography, but the genomic characteristics of outbreak viruses are still unclear. To address this outstanding question, we searched for a common denominator between these recent outbreaks, positing that the genome of outbreak viruses is in an unstable evolutionary state, while that of non-outbreak viruses is stabilized by a network of correlated substitutions. Here, we show that during regular epidemics, viral genomes are indeed stabilized by a dense network of weakly correlated sites, and that these networks disappear during pandemics and outbreaks when rates of evolution increase transiently. Post-pandemic, these evolutionary networks are progressively re-established. We finally show that destabilization is not caused by substitutions targeting epitopes, but more likely by changes in the environment sensu lato. Our results prompt for a new interpretation of pandemics as being associated with evolutionary destabilized viruses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stephane Aris-Brosou</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neke Ibeh</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jessica Noël</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-08-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/070102</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Viral outbreaks involve destabilised viruses: evidence from Ebola, Influenza and Zika]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-08-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/085993v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Estimation of sub-epidemic dynamics by means of Sequential Monte Carlo Approximate Bayesian Computation: an application to the Swiss HIV Cohort Study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/085993v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Our ability to accurately infer transmission patterns of infectious diseases is critical to monitor both their spread and the efficacy of public health policies. The use of phylogenetic methods for the reconstruction of viral ancestral relationships has garnered increasing interest, particularly in the characterization of HIV epidemics and sub-epidemics. In the case of this virus, the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS) contains a wide breadth of genomic data that have been widely used as a means of applying such methods. However, current approaches for quantifying the epidemiological dynamics of diseases are computationally intensive, and fail to scale well with this magnitude of data. To address this issue, we re-implement an Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) approach based on sequential Monte Carlo (SMC). By means of simulations, we demonstrate that our implementation is capable of inferring key epidemiological parameters of the Swiss HIV epidemic accurately, and that sampling intensity has no significant effect on the accuracy of our estimates. Applied to a subset of HIV sequences from the SHCS, we show that we can distinguish sub-epidemics that are circulating in culturally distinct Swiss regions. Given these findings, we propose that ABC-SMC samplers will allow us to evaluate the impact of new public health policies, such as the implementation of a needle exchange program in the case of HIV, based on genetic data sampled before and after the implementation of a new policy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ibeh, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aris-Brosou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-11-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/085993</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Estimation of sub-epidemic dynamics by means of Sequential Monte Carlo Approximate Bayesian Computation: an application to the Swiss HIV Cohort Study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-11-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/088724v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sexually satiated male Drosophila melanogaster uses gustatory-to-neuropeptide integrative circuits to reduce time investment for mating 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/088724v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Males rely on a  time investment strategy to maximize reproductive success. Here we report a novel behavioral plasticity whereby male fruit flies exhibit a shortened mating duration when sexually satiated, which we named  Shorter-Mating-Duration (SMD). SMD requires the sexually dimorphic Gr5a-positive neurons for detecting female body pheromones. The memory circuitry within the ellipsoid body (EB) and mushroom body (MB) brain regions is crucial for SMD, which depends on the circadian clock genes Clock and cycle, but not timeless or period. SMD also relies on signaling via the neuropeptide sNPF, but not PDF or NPF. Sexual experience modifies the neuronal activity of a subset of sNPF-positive neurons involved in neuropeptide signaling, which modulates SMD. Thus, our study delineates the molecular and cellular basis for SMD - a plastic social behavior that serves as a model system to study how the brain switches the internal states between sexual drive and satiety.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Auge, A.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jan, L. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jan, Y. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-11-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/088724</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sexually satiated male Drosophila melanogaster uses gustatory-to-neuropeptide integrative circuits to reduce time investment for mating]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-11-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/091496v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Novel DNA-binding Protein Coordinates Asymmetric Chromosome Replication and Chromosome Partitioning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/091496v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacterial chromosome replication is regulated from a single replication origin (ori) that receives cell cycle signals. Following replication, bacteria often use the parABS partition system with a centromere-like parS locus to place the chromosomes into the daughter cells. Our knowledge of cell cycle regulation is incomplete and we searched for novel regulators of chromosome replication. Here we show that in the cell cycle model Caulobacter crescentus a novel DNA-binding protein promotes both the initiation of chromosome replication and the earliest step of chromosome partitioning. We used biochemical fractionation to identify a protein (OpaA) that preferentially binds to mutated ori DNA that also increases ori-plasmid replication in vivo. OpaA represents a previously unknown class of DNA-binding proteins. opaA gene expression is essential and sufficient OpaA levels are required for the correct timing of chromosome replication. Whole genome ChIP-seq identified the genomic binding sites for OpaA, with the strongest associations at the parABS locus near ori. Using molecular-genetic and fluorescence microscopy experiments, we showed that OpaA also promotes the first step of chromosome partitioning, the initial separation of the duplicated parS loci following ori replication. This separation occurs before the parABS mechanism and it coincides with the regulatory step that splits the symmetry of the chromosomes so that they are placed at distinct cell-poles which develop into replicating and non-replicating cell-types. We propose that OpaA coordinates replication with the poorly understood mechanism of early chromosome separation. opaA lethal suppressor and antibiotic experiments argue that future studies be focused on the mechanistic roles for transcription and translation at this critical step of the cell cycle.nnAuthor SummaryLike all organisms, bacteria must replicate their chromosomes and move them into the newly dividing cells. Eukaryotes use non-overlapping phases, first for chromosome replication (S-phase) followed by mitosis (M-phase) when the completely duplicated chromosomes are separated. However, bacteria combine both phases so chromosome replication and chromosome separation (termed chromosome "partitioning") overlap. In many bacteria, including Caulobacter crescentus, chromosome replication initiates from a single replication origin (ori) and the first duplicated regions of the chromosome immediately begin "partitioning" towards the cell poles long before the whole chromosome has finished replication. This partitioning movement uses the centromere-like DNA called "parS" that is located near the ori. Here we identify a completely novel type of DNA-binding protein called OpaA and we show that it acts at both ori and parS. The timing and coordination of overlapping chromosome replication and partitioning phases is a special regulatory problem for bacteria. We further demonstrate that OpaA is selectively required for the initiation of chromosome replication at ori and likewise that OpaA is selectively required for the initial partitioning of parS. Therefore, we propose that OpaA is a novel regulator that coordinates chromosome replication with the poorly understood mechanism of early chromosome separation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Taylor, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panis, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Viollier, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marczynski, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-12-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/091496</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Novel DNA-binding Protein Coordinates Asymmetric Chromosome Replication and Chromosome Partitioning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-12-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/095976v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell Mechanosensing and Avoidance of Strain Gradients 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/095976v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cyclically stretched cells are known to exhibit a strain-induced reorientation response. In this study, we comprehensively analyse this behaviour for human fibroblasts subjected to a highly non-uniform strain field within a polymethylsiloxane microdevice. We demonstrate a strong correlation between the strain amplitude and the degree of cell alignment perpendicular to the principal strain direction (stretching avoidance). Analogously, our results indicate that the strain gradient amplitude and direction also regulate this reorientation through a coordinated gradient avoidance response. We stipulate that strain gradients are thus biologically relevant mechanical cues sensed by cells. To gain insight into the underlying mechanosensing processes, we also studied focal adhesion reorganization and the effect of modulating myosin-II contractility. The extracted focal adhesion orientation distributions are similar to those obtained for the cell bodies, and their density is increased by the presence of stretching forces. Moreover, it was found that the myosin-II activity promoter calyculin-A has little effect on the cellular response, while the inhibitor blebbistatin suppresses cell and focal adhesion alignment and reduces focal adhesion density. These results confirm that similar internal structures involved in sensing and responding to strain direction and amplitude are also key players in strain gradient mechanosensing and avoidance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chagnon-Lessard, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jean-Ruel, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pelling, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-12-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/095976</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell Mechanosensing and Avoidance of Strain Gradients]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-12-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/106450v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Approximate Bayesian Computation Algorithms for Estimating Network Model Parameters 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/106450v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Studies on Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) replacing the intractable likelihood function in evaluation of the posterior distribution have been developed for several years. However, their field of application has to date essentially been limited to inference in population genetics. Here, we propose to extend this approach to estimating the structure of transmission networks of viruses in human populations. In particular, we are interested in estimating the transmission parameters under four very general network structures: random, Watts-Strogatz, Barabasi-Albert and an extension that incorporates aging. Estimation was evaluated under three approaches, based on ABC, ABC-Markov chain Monte Carlo (ABC-MCMC) and ABC-Sequential Monte Carlo (ABC-SMC) samplers. We show that ABC-SMC samplers outperform both ABC and ABC-MCMC, achieving high accuracy and low variance in simulations. This approach paves the way to estimating parameters of real transmission networks of transmissible diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aris-Brosou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-02-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/106450</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Approximate Bayesian Computation Algorithms for Estimating Network Model Parameters]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-02-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/110296v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Resolving Rapid Radiations Within Families Using Anchored Phylogenomics 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/110296v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite the promise that molecular data would provide a seemingly unlimited source of independent characters, many plant phylogenetic studies are based on only two regions, the plastid genome and nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA). Their popularity can be explained by high copy numbers and universal PCR primers that make their sequences easily amplified and converted into parallel datasets. Unfortunately, their utility is limited by linked loci and limited characters resulting in low confidence in the accuracy of phylogenetic estimates, especially when rapid radiations occur. In another contribution on anchored phylogenomics in angiosperms, we presented flowering plant-specific anchored enrichment probes for hundreds of conserved nuclear genes and demonstrated their use at the level of all angiosperms. In this contribution, we focus on a common problem in phylogenetic reconstructions below the family level: weak or unresolved backbone due to rapid radiations ([&le;] 10 million years) followed by long divergence, using the Cariceae-Dulichieae-Scirpeae clade (CDS, Cyperaceae) as a test case. By comparing our nuclear matrix of 461 genes to a typical Sanger-sequence dataset consisting of a few plastid genes (matK, ndhF) and an nrDNA marker (ETS), we demonstrate that our nuclear data is fully compatible with the Sanger dataset and resolves short backbone internodes with high support in both concatenated and coalescence-based analyses. In addition, we show that nuclear gene tree incongruence is inversely proportional to phylogenetic information content, indicating that incongruence is mostly due to gene tree estimation error. This suggests that large numbers of conserved nuclear loci could produce more accurate trees than sampling rapidly evolving regions prone to saturation and long-branch attraction. The robust phylogenetic estimates obtained here, and high congruence with previous morphological and molecular analyses, are strong evidence for a complete tribal revision of CDS. The anchored hybrid enrichment probes used in this study should be similarly effective in other flowering plant groups. [Carex, coalescent based species tree, flowering plants, low-copy nuclear genes, low-level phylogenetics, universal hybrid enrichment probes]
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Leveille-Bourret, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Starr, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ford, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemmon, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemmon, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-02-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/110296</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Resolving Rapid Radiations Within Families Using Anchored Phylogenomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-02-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/113845v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rational design of proteins that exchange on functional timescales 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/113845v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Proteins are intrinsically dynamic molecules that can exchange between multiple conformational states, enabling them to carry out complex molecular processes with extreme precision and efficiency. Attempts to design novel proteins with tailored functions have mostly failed to yield efficiencies matching those found in nature because standard methods do not allow for the design of exchange between necessary conformational states on a functionally-relevant timescale. Here, we develop a broadly-applicable computational method to engineer protein dynamics that we term meta-multistate design. We used this methodology to design spontaneous exchange between two novel conformations introduced into the global fold of Streptococcal protein G domain {beta}1. The designed proteins, named DANCERs, for Dynamic And Native Conformational ExchangeRs, are stably folded and exchange between predicted conformational states on the millisecond timescale. The successful introduction of defined dynamics on functional timescales opens the door to new applications requiring a protein to spontaneously access multiple conformational states.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Davey, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Damry, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goto, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chica, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-03-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/113845</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rational design of proteins that exchange on functional timescales]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-03-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/114470v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ARSDA: A new approach for storing, transmitting and analyzing high-throughput sequencing data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/114470v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Two major stumbling blocks exist in high-throughput sequencing (HTS) data analysis. The first is the sheer file size typically in gigabytes when uncompressed, causing problems in storage, transmission and analysis. However, these files do not need to be so large and can be reduced without loss of information. Each HTS file, either in compressed .SRA or plain text .fastq format, contains numerous identical reads stored as separate entries. For example, among 44603541 forward reads in the SRR4011234.sra file (from a Bacillus subtilis transcriptomic study) deposited at NCBIs SRA database, one read has 497027 identical copies. Instead of storing them as separate entries, one can and should store them as a single entry with the SeqID_NumCopy format (which I dub as FASTA+ format). The second is the proper allocation reads that map equally well to paralogous genes. I illustrate in detail a new method for such allocation. I have developed ARSDA software that implement these new approaches. A number of HTS files for model species are in the process of being processed and deposited at http://coevol.rdc.uottawa.ca to demonstrate that this approach not only saves a huge amount of storage space and transmission bandwidth, but also dramatically reduces time in downstream data analysis. Instead of matching the 497027 identical reads separately against the Bacillus subtilis genome, one only needs to match it once. ARSDA includes functions to take advantage of HTS data in the new sequence format for downstream data analysis such as gene expression characterization. ARSDA can be run on Windows, Linux and Macintosh computers and is freely available at http://dambe.bio.uottawa.ca/ARSDA/ARSDA.aspx.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xia, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-03-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/114470</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ARSDA: A new approach for storing, transmitting and analyzing high-throughput sequencing data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-03-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/123125v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Secretogranin-II Plays A Critical Role In Zebrafish Neurovascular Modeling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/123125v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Summary statementNeurons expressing sgIIb align with central arteries in hindbrain. We show that sgIIb is critical for neurovascular modeling the larval zebrafish mediated by MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling in vivo.nnAbstractSecretoneurin (SN) is a neuropeptide derived from specific proteolytic processing of the precursor secretogranin II (SgII). In zebrafish and other teleosts there are 2 paralogs we previously named sgIIa and sgIIb. Our results showed that neurons expressing sgIIb were aligned with central arteries in hindbrain, demonstrating a close neurovascular association. Both sgIIb-/- and sgIIa-/- /sgIIb-/- mutant embryos were defective in hindbrain central artery development, while artery development in sgIIa-/- mutant embryos was not affected. Hindbrain arterial and venous network identities were not affected in sgIIb-/- mutant embryos, and the mRNA levels of Notch and VEGF pathway-related genes were not altered. However, the activation of MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways were inhibited in sgIIb-/- mutant embryos. Injection of a synthetic SNb mRNA or delivery of the protein kinase activator N-arachidonoyl-L-serine could partially rescue the central artery developmental defects in the sgIIb mutants. This study provides the first in vivo evidence that sgIIb plays a critical role in neurovascular modeling the hindbrain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchell, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trudeau, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/123125</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Secretogranin-II Plays A Critical Role In Zebrafish Neurovascular Modeling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/130500v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neural Correlates of human cognitive abilities during sleep 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/130500v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Inter-individual differences in sleep spindles are highly correlated with "Reasoning" abilities (problem solving skills; i.e., the ability to employ logic, identify complex patterns), but not Short Term Memory or Verbal abilities. Simultaneous electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG-fMRI) have revealed brain activations time-locked to spindles (e.g., thalamic, paralimbic, and motor cortical areas)-yet the functional significance of inter-individual differences in spindle-related brain activation remains to be investigated. Using EEG-fMRI during sleep, we identified, for the first time, the neural activation patterns time-locked to spindles that are correlated with cognitive abilities. Similar to previous studies, activations time-locked to spindles were observed in thalamocortical circuitry and basal ganglia regions. Importantly, spindle-related activation in a subset of these regions were specifically related to inter-individual differences in Reasoning, but not STM or Verbal abilities. These results may help elucidate the physiological mechanisms which support the function of sleep for the capacity for reasoning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ray, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Owen, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fogel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-04-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/130500</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neural Correlates of human cognitive abilities during sleep]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-04-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/143636v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Burst Ensemble Multiplexing: A Neural Code Connecting Dendritic Spikes with Microcircuits 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/143636v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many cortical neurons combine the information ascending and descending the cortical hierarchy. In the classical view, this information is combined nonlinearly to give rise to a single firing rate output, which collapses all input streams into one. We propose that neurons can simultaneously represent multiple input streams by using a novel code that distinguishes single spikes and bursts at the level of a neural ensemble. Using computational simulations constrained by experimental data, we show that cortical neurons are well suited to generate such multiplexing. Interestingly, this neural code maximizes information for short and sparse bursts, a regime consistent with in vivo recordings. It also suggests specific connectivity patterns that allows to demultiplex this information. These connectivity patterns can be used by the nervous system to maintain optimal multiplexing. Contrary to firing rate coding, our findings indicate that a single neural ensemble can communicate multiple independent signals to different targets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Naud, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sprekeler, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/143636</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Burst Ensemble Multiplexing: A Neural Code Connecting Dendritic Spikes with Microcircuits]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/149336v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A vacuum-actuated microtissue stretcher for long-term exposure to oscillatory strain within a 3D matrix 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/149336v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although our understanding of cellular behavior in response to extracellular biological and mechanical stimuli has greatly advanced using conventional 2D cell culture methods, these techniques lack physiological relevance. We developed the microtissue vacuum-actuated stretcher (MVAS) to probe cellular behavior within a 3D multicellular environment composed of innate matrix protein, and in response to continuous uniaxial stretch. The MVAS consists of an array of fifty self-assembled microtissues bordered by vacuum chambers. When a vacuum is applied, the microtissues stretch in plane allowing live imaging. The MVAS is highly suitable for biomedical research and pharmaceutical discovery due to a high-throughput array format and scalable fabrication steps outlined in this paper. We validated our approach by characterizing the bulk microtissue strain, the microtissue strain field and single cell strain, and by assessing F-actin expression in response to chronic cyclic strain of 10%. The MVAS was shown to be capable of delivering reproducible dynamic bulk strain amplitudes up to 13% and the strain field had local maxima around each of the cantilevers. The strain at the single cell level was found to be 10.4% less than the microtissue axial strain due to cellular rotation. Chronic cyclic strain produced a 35% increase in F-actin expression consistent with previously observed cytoskeletal reinforcement in 2D cell culture. The MVAS may further our understanding of the reciprocity shared between cells and their environment, which is critical to meaningful biomedical research and successful therapeutic approaches.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Walker, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pelling, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/149336</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A vacuum-actuated microtissue stretcher for long-term exposure to oscillatory strain within a 3D matrix]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/150623v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Amyloid accumulation drives proteome-wide alterations in mouse models of Alzheimers disease like pathology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/150623v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Amyloid beta (A{beta}) peptides impair multiple cellular pathways in the brain and play a causative role in Alzheimers disease (AD) pathology, but how the brain proteome is remodeled during this process is unknown. To identify new protein networks associated with AD-like pathology, we performed global quantitative proteomic analysis in three mouse models at pre- and post-symptomatic ages. Our analysis revealed a robust and consistent increase in Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) levels in nearly all transgenic brain regions with increased A{beta} levels. Taken together with prior findings on ApoE driving A{beta} accumulation, this analysis points to a pathological dysregulation of the ApoE-A{beta} axis. We also found dysregulation of protein networks involved in excitatory synaptic transmission consistent with AD pathophysiology. Targeted analysis of the AMPA receptor complex revealed a specific loss of TARP{gamma}-2, a key AMPA receptor trafficking protein. Expression of TARP{gamma}-2 in vivo in hAPP transgenic mice led to a restoration of AMPA currents. This database of proteome alterations represents a unique resource for the identification of protein alterations responsible for AD.nnHighlightsO_LIProteomic analysis of mouse brains with AD-like pathology reveals stark remodelingnC_LIO_LIProteomic evidence points to a dysregulation of ApoE levels associated with A{beta} clearance rather than productionnC_LIO_LICo-expression analysis found distinctly impaired synapse and mitochondria modulesnC_LIO_LIIn-depth analyses of AMPAR complex points to loss of TARP{gamma}-2, which may compromise synapses in ADnC_LInneTOC BlurbProteome-wide profiling of brain tissue from three mouse models of AD-like pathology reveals A{beta}, brain region, and age dependent alterations of protein levels. This resource provides a new global protein expression atlas for the Alzheimers disease research community.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Savas, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeNardo, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez-Bartolome, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McClatchy, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hark, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shanks, N. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cozzolino, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavallee-Adam, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smukowski, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koo, E. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakagawa, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masliah, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yates, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/150623</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Amyloid accumulation drives proteome-wide alterations in mouse models of Alzheimers disease like pathology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/152819v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spontaneous Phase Separation of Cocultured Cell Mixtures In vitro 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/152819v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During Embryogenesis, cells undergo constant organizational remodelling. Biochemical and biophysical guidance cues act in tandem to guide migration and morphogenesis into distinct cellular patterns. It has been shown that various cell types will express different configurations of cellular adhesion molecules known as cadherins and integrins. Cocultured in vitro experiments have focused on revealing the extensive genetic expression profiles that modulate embryogenesis whilst overlooking the physical cell-cell and cell-substrate interactions that influence organization. We demonstrate that NIH3T3 and MDCK cells undergo a spontaneous phase separation when cocultured in vitro and that this phenomenon occurs through purely physical binding energies. A Monte Carlo simulation model of a mixture of cells with different cell-cell and cell-substrate binding energies reveals that the spontaneous phase separation occurs due to the minimization of interfacial free energy within the system. Cell-cell and cell-substrate binding plays a critical role in cell organization and is capable of phase separating different populations of cells in vitro.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hadjiantoniou, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leblanc-Latour, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ignacio, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lefevbre, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slater, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pelling, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/152819</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spontaneous Phase Separation of Cocultured Cell Mixtures In vitro]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/158337v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The emergence, maintenance and demise of diversity in a spatially variable antibiotic regime 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/158337v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global threat that, in the absence of new antibiotics, requires effective management of existing drugs. Here, we explore how changing patterns of drug delivery modulates the spread of resistance in a population. Resistance evolves readily under both temporal and spatial variation in drug delivery and fixes rapidly under temporal, but not spatial, variation. Resistant and sensitive genotypes coexist in spatially varying conditions due to a resistance-growth rate trade-off which, when coupled to dispersal, generates negative frequency-dependent selection and a quasi-protected polymorphism. Coexistence is ultimately lost, however, because resistant types with improved growth rates in the absence of drug spread through the population. These results suggest that spatially variable drug prescriptions can delay but not prevent the spread of resistance and provide a striking example of how the emergence and eventual demise of biodiversity is underpinned by evolving fitness trade-offs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Leale, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kassen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/158337</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The emergence, maintenance and demise of diversity in a spatially variable antibiotic regime]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/163261v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Noise Gated by Dendrosomatic Interactions Increases Information Transmission 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/163261v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We study how noise in active dendrites affects information transmission. A mismatch of both noise and refractoriness between a dendritic compartment and a somatic compartment is shown to lead to an input-dependent exchange of leadership, where the dendrite entrains the soma for weak stimuli and the soma entrains the dendrite for strong stimuli. Using this simple mechanism, the noise in the dendritic compartment can boost weak signals without affecting the output of the neuron for strong stimuli. We show that these mechanisms give rise to a noise-induced increase of information transmission by neural populations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Naud, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payeur, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Longtin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-07-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/163261</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Noise Gated by Dendrosomatic Interactions Increases Information Transmission]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-07-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/166603v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enhancing the Representational Similarity Between Execution and Imagination of Movement Using Network-Based Brain Computer Interfacing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/166603v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Motor imagery-based brain computer interfacing (MI-BCI) as a neuro-rehabilitation tool aims at facilitating motor improvement using mental practice. However, the effectiveness of MI-BCI in producing clinically meaningful functional outcome is debated. Aside from computational shortcomings, a main limiting obstacle seems to be the substantial representational dissimilarity between movement imagination (MI) and movement execution (ME) on the level of engaged neural networks. This dissimilarity renders inducing functionally effective and long lasting changes in motor behavior through MI challenging. Moreover, the quality and intensity of imagination is highly prone to change on a trial-to-trial basis, based on the subject's state of mind and mental fatigue. This leads to an inconsistent profile of neural activity throughout training, limiting learning in a Hebbian sense. To address these issues, we propose a neuroconnectivity-based paradigm, as a systematic priming technique to be utilized pre-BCI training. In the proposed paradigm, ME-idle representational dissimilarity network (RDN) features are used to detect MI in real-time. This means that to drive the virtual environment, an ME-like activation pattern has to be learned and generated in the brain through MI. This contrasts with conventional BCIs which consider a successful MI, one that results in higher than a threshold change in the power of sensorimotor rhythms. Our results show that four out of five participants achieved a consistent session-to-session enhancement in their net MI-ME network-level similarity (mean change rate of 6.16% {+/-} 4.64 per session). We suggest that the proposed paradigm, if utilized as a priming technique pre-BCI training, can potentially enhance the neural and functional effectiveness. This can be achieved through 1- shifting MI towards engaging ME-related networks to a higher extent, and 2- inducing consistency in MI quality by using the ME-related networks as the ground-truth and thus enhancing the robustness of the activity pattern in the brain. This would in turn lend to the clinical acceptability of BCI as a neurorehabilitation tool.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kordjazi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koravand, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sveistrup, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-07-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/166603</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enhancing the Representational Similarity Between Execution and Imagination of Movement Using Network-Based Brain Computer Interfacing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-07-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/181222v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identifying the genetic determinants of particular phenotypes in microbial genomes with very small training sets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/181222v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Machine learning (ML) encompasses numerous algorithms that aim at discovering complex patterns between elements within large data using limited prior assumptions or modeling. However, some scientific disciplines still produce small data sets: in particular, empirical studies that try to find the mutations responsible for complex phenotypes are often limited to very small sample sizes (n), while scanning a large number of amino acid sites (p) in a proteome. To date, little is known on how ML performs in this type of so-called "large p, small n" problem. To address this question, we evaluated the performance of two general ML classifiers, adaptive boosting (AB) and random forest, on two data sets. To assess the impact of proteome size, we contrasted a small (viral) genome with a larger (bacterial) one. To analyze large proteomes, we further developed a chunking algorithm, and introduce a repeated random forest (RRF) algorithm that stabilizes model predictions. With the influenza data, we were able to rediscover amino acid sites experimentally implicated in three different complex phenotypes (infectivity, transmissibility, and pathogenicity). Results for the larger proteome, pertaining to three types of drug resistance (Ciprofloxacin, Ceftazidime, and Gentamicin), were more nuanced, with RRF making more sensible pre-dictions, with smaller errors rates, than AB. Furthermore, we show that chunking improved runtimes by an order of magnitude and may increase sensitivity of the predictions. Altogether, we demonstrate that ML algorithms can be used to identify genetic determinants in small proteomes (viruses), even with small numbers of individuals. We further show that even if the size of bacterial proteomes pushes AB to its limits in the context of small n, RRF may deserve more scrutiny, which should be facilitated by the plummeting costs of sequencing and, more critically, by phenotyping large cohorts of individuals.nnAuthor SummaryFinding the genetic determinants of a phenotype is typically performed by testing for an association between a particular allele and a trait, carrying out the testing over a large number of loci in a large cohort of individuals, itself divided into two subsets of individuals: those who have the trait (cases), and those who do not (controls). However, recruiting large cohorts can be problematic in some experimental fields, while using genotypic information rather than complete genomes can miss some mutations. To address these issues, we implemented two machine learning (ML) algorithms, tweaked for analyzing large genomes and providing stable results. The analysis of a small viral genome, for which genetic determinants of three phenotypes are already known, showed that our approach can rediscover known mutations, almost irrespective of the ML algorithm used. However, the analysis of a larger bacterial genome, for which genetic determinants of three phenotypes are unknown, suggested that the simpler of our modified algorithms performed better, returning more sensitive predictions with lower error rates. This work demonstrates the feasibility of finding genetic determinants of complex phenotypes based on a small number of complete genomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Long, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hussen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dench, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aris-Brosou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/181222</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identifying the genetic determinants of particular phenotypes in microbial genomes with very small training sets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.20.884338v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Translational profiling of macrophages infected with Leishmania donovani identifies mTOR- and eIF4A-sensitive immune-related transcripts 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.20.884338v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani (L. donovani) causes visceral leishmaniasis, a chronic infection which is fatal when untreated. While previous studies showed that L. donovani reprograms transcription to subvert host cell functions, it remains unclear whether the parasite also alters host mRNA translation to establish a successful infection. To assess this, we compared transcriptome-wide translation in primary mouse macrophages infected with L. donovani promastigotes or amastigotes using polysome-profiling. This identified ample selective changes in translation (3,127 transcripts) which were predicted to target central cellular functions by inducing synthesis of proteins related to chromatin remodeling and RNA metabolism while inhibiting those related to intracellular trafficking and antigen presentation. Parallel quantification of protein and mRNA levels for a set of transcripts whose translation was activated upon L. donovani infection (Papbpc1, Eif2ak2, and Tgfb) confirmed, as indicated by polysome-profiling, increased protein levels despite largely unaltered mRNA levels. Mechanistic in silico analyses suggested activated translation depending on the kinase mTOR (e.g. Pabpc1) and the RNA helicase eIF4A (e.g. Tgfb) during infection. Accordingly, treatment with mTOR inhibitors torin-1 or rapamycin reversed L. donovani-induced PABPC1 without affecting corresponding transcript levels. Similarly, the production of TGF-{beta} decreased in presence of the eIF4A inhibitor silvestrol despite unaltered Tgfb mRNA levels. Consistent with parasite modulation of host eIF4A-sensitive translation to promote infection, silvestrol suppressed L. donovani replication within macrophages. In contrast, parasite survival was favored under mTOR inhibition. In summary, infection-associated changes in translation of mTOR- and eIF4A-sensitive mRNAs contribute to modulate mRNA metabolism and immune responses in L. donovani-infected macrophages. Although the net outcome of such translation programs favours parasite propagation, individual translation programs appear to have opposing roles during L. donovani infection, thereby suggesting their selective targeting as key for therapeutic effects.

Author SummaryFine-tuning the efficiency of mRNA translation into proteins allows cells to tailor their responses to stress without the need for synthesizing new mRNA molecules. It is well established that the protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani alters transcription of specific genes to subvert host cell functions. However, discrepancies between transcriptomic and proteomic data suggest that post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms also contribute to modulate host gene expression programs during L. donovani infection. Herein, we report that one third of protein-coding mRNAs expressed in macrophages are differentially translated upon infection with L. donovani. Our computational analyses reveal that subsets of mRNAs encoding functionally related proteins share the same directionality of translational regulation, which is likely to impact metabolic and microbicidal activity of infected cells. We also show that upregulated translation of transcripts that encode central regulators of mRNA metabolism and inflammation is sensitive to the activation of mTOR or eIF4A during infection. Finally, we observe that inhibition of eIF4A activity reduces parasite survival within macrophages while selective blockade of mTOR has the opposite effect. Thus, our study points to a dual role for translational control of host gene expression during L. donovani infection and suggests that novel regulatory nodes could be targeted for therapeutic intervention.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chaparro, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leroux, L.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masvidal, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorent, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graber, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimmermann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arango Duque, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Descoteaux, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alain, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larsson, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaramillo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.20.884338</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Translational profiling of macrophages infected with Leishmania donovani identifies mTOR- and eIF4A-sensitive immune-related transcripts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.10.896415v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An overview of the quality assurance and quality control of magnetic resonance imaging data for the Ontario Neurodegenerative Disease Research Initiative (ONDRI): pipeline development and neuroinformatics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.10.896415v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Large scale research studies combining magnetic resonance imaging data generated at multiple sites on multiple vendor platforms are becoming more commonplace. The Ontario Neurodegenerative Disease Research Initiative (ONDRI - http://ondri.ca/), a project funded by the Ontario Brain Institute (OBI), is a recently established province-wide natural history study, which has recruited more than 500 participants from neurodegenerative disease groups including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, fronto-temporal dementia, Parkinsons disease, Alzheimers disease, mild cognitive impairment, and cerebrovascular disease (previously referred to as the vascular cognitive impairment cohort). Because of its multi-site nature, all captured data must be standardized and meet minimum quality standards to reduce variability. The goal of the ONDRI imaging platform is to maximize data quality by implementing vendor-specific harmonized MR imaging protocols (consistent with the Canadi-an Dementia Imaging Protocol - http://www.cdip-pcid.ca/), monitoring protocol adherence, qualitatively assessing image quality, measuring signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise, monitoring system stability, and applying corrections based on the analysis of images from two different phantoms regularly acquired at each site. To maximize image quality, this work describes the use of various automatic pipelines and manual assessment steps, integrated within an established informatics and databasing platform, the Stroke Patient Recovery Research Database (SPReD) built on the Extensible Neuroimaging Archive Toolkit (XNAT), and contained within the Brain-CODE (Centre for Ontario Data Exploration) framework. The purpose of the current paper is to describe the steps undertaken by ONDRI to achieve this high standard of data integrity. Data have been successfully collected for the past 4 years with the pipelines and assessments identifying deviations, allowing for timely interventions and assessment of image quality.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Scott, C. J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnott, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chemparathy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solovey, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gee, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmah, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chavez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lobaugh, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nanayakkara, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zamyadi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozzoude, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holmes, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szilagyi, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramirez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Symons, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Black, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartha, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strother, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>The ONDRI investigators,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.10.896415</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An overview of the quality assurance and quality control of magnetic resonance imaging data for the Ontario Neurodegenerative Disease Research Initiative (ONDRI): pipeline development and neuroinformatics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.14.906438v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PAX2 Induces Tubular-Like Structures in Normal and Ovarian Cancer Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.14.906438v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In adult tissues, PAX2 protein is expressed in normal oviductal epithelial cells but not in normal ovarian surface epithelial cells. Studies have reported that PAX2 is expressed in a subset of serous ovarian carcinoma cases but the role of PAX2 in the initiation and progression of ovarian cancer remains unknown. The aim of this study was to understand the biological consequences of Pax2 expression in normal and cancerous mouse epithelial (MOSE) cells. We found that Pax2 overexpression in both normal and cancerous ovarian epithelial cells induced the formation of vascular channels both in vitro and in vivo. The results indicate a possible contribution of PAX2 to ovarian cancer progression by increasing the vascular channels to supply nutrients to the tumor cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alwosaibai, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alamri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vanderhyden, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.14.906438</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PAX2 Induces Tubular-Like Structures in Normal and Ovarian Cancer Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.15.906412v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
More filtering on SNP calling does not remove evidence of inter-nucleus recombination in dikaryotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.15.906412v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We respond to a recent reanalysis of single nucleus sequence data from Chen et al. 2018 eLife, which indicated that evidence of inter-nuclear recombination in dikaryotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi decreases when heterozygous, duplicated sites being supported by less than 5 reads, are removed from the dataset. Here, we show that applying a more stringent methodology for filtering SNP calls that focuses exclusively on single copy and homozygous regions with at least 5 reads supporting a given SNP, still recovers several hundreds putative inter-nucleus recombination events within the same dataset. We also provide evidence for retaining SNPs supported by less than 5 reads for genotyping individual nuclei using the same dataset.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathieu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffrichter, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ropars, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dreissig, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuchs, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brachmann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corradi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.15.906412</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[More filtering on SNP calling does not remove evidence of inter-nucleus recombination in dikaryotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.15.906677v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Plant-derived Cellulose Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.15.906677v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plant-derived cellulose biomaterials have recently been utilized in several tissue engineering applications. Naturally-derived cellulose scaffolds have been shown to be highly biocompatible in vivo, possess structural features of relevance to several tissues, as well as support mammalian cell invasion and proliferation. Recent work utilizing decellularized apple hypanthium tissue has shown that it possesses a pore size and properties similar to trabecular bone. In the present study, we examined the potential of apple-derived cellulose scaffolds for bone tissue engineering (BTE). Confocal microscopy revealed that the scaffolds had a suitable pore size for BTE applications. To analyze their in vitro mineralization potential, MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts were seeded in either bare cellulose scaffolds or in composite scaffolds composed of cellulose and collagen I. Following chemically-induced differentiation, scaffolds were mechanically tested and evaluated for mineralization. The Youngs modulus of both types of scaffolds significantly increased after cell differentiation. Alkaline phosphatase and Alizarin Red staining further highlighted the osteogenic potential of the scaffolds. Histological sectioning of the constructs revealed complete invasion by the cells and mineralization throughout the entire constructs. Finally, scanning electron microscopy demonstrated the presence of mineral aggregates deposited on the scaffolds after differentiation, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy confirmed the presence of phosphate and calcium. In summary, our results indicate that plant-derived cellulose is a promising scaffold candidate for bone tissue engineering applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Leblanc Latour, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tarar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hickey, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cuerrier, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Catelas, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pelling, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.15.906677</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Plant-derived Cellulose Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.25.916874v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Time dependencies in the dynamic mechanical behavior of 3D microtissue cell cultures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.25.916874v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Characterizing the time-dependent mechanical properties of cells is not only necessary to determine how they deform, but also to fully understand how external forces trigger biochemical-signaling cascades to govern their behavior. Presently mechanical properties are largely assessed by applying local shear or compressive forces on single cells in isolation grown on non-physiological 2D surfaces. In comparison, we developed the microfabricated vacuum actuated stretcher to measure tensile loading of 3D multicellular  microtissue cultures. With this approach, we assessed here the time-dependent stress relaxation and recovery responses of microtissues, and quantified the spatial remodeling that follows step length changes. Unlike previous results, stress relaxation and recovery in microtissues measured over a range of step amplitudes and pharmacological treatments followed a stretched exponential behavior describing a broad distribution of inter-related timescales. Furthermore, despite a performed compendium of experiments, all responses led to a single linear relationship between the residual elasticity and degree of stress relaxation, suggesting that these mechanical properties are coupled through interactions between structural elements and the association of cells with their matrix. Lastly, although stress relaxation could be quantitatively and spatially linked to recovery, they differed greatly in their dynamics; while stress recovery behaved as a linear process, relaxation time constants changed with an inverse power law with step size. This assessment of microtissues offers insights into how the collective behavior of cells in a 3D collagen matrix generate the dynamic mechanical properties of tissues, which is necessary to understanding how cells deform and sense mechanical forces in the body.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Walker, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harden, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pelling, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.25.916874</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Time dependencies in the dynamic mechanical behavior of 3D microtissue cell cultures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.25.917179v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanical stretch sustains myofibroblast phenotype and function in microtissues through latent TGF-β1 activation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.25.917179v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fibrosis is a leading cause of death in developed countries that is characterized by a progressive deterioration of tissue mechanical behavior. Developing methods to study tissue mechanics and myofibroblast activation may lead to new targets for therapeutic treatments that are urgently needed. Microtissue arrays are a promising approach to conduct relatively high throughput research into fibrosis as they recapitulate key biomechanical aspects of the disease through a relevant 3D extracellular environment. In early work, our group developed a device called the MVAS-force to stretch microtissues while enabling simultaneous assessment of their dynamic mechanical behavior. Here we investigated TGF-{beta}1 induced fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation in microtissue cultures using our MVAS-force device through assessing -SMA expression, contractility and stiffness. By doing so, we linked cell-level phenotypic changes to functional changes that characterize the clinical manifestation of fibrotic disease. As expected, TGF-{beta}1 treatment promoted a myofibroblastic phenotype and microtissues became stiffer and possessed increased contractility. Furthermore, these changes were partially reversible upon TGF-{beta}1 withdrawal. In contrast, however, long-term cyclic stretching maintained myofibroblast activation. Furthermore stretching had no effect compared static cultures when TGF-{beta}1 receptors were inhibited and stretching promoted myofibroblast differentiation when given latent TGF-{beta}1. Together these results suggest that external mechanical stretch may activate latent TGF-{beta}1 and might be a powerful stimulus for continued myofibroblast activation to progress fibrosis. Further exploration of this pathway with our approach may yield new insights into myofibroblast activation and more effective therapeutic treatments for fibrosis.

Insight boxUsing a novel high-throughput approach, we quantified the effects of dynamic mechanical stretching on the phenotype and function of cells in 3D microtissue cultures during myofibroblast activation with TGF-{beta}1 treatment and subsequent withdrawal. Our findings show that mechanical stretch may activate endogenously produced latent TGF-{beta}1 to maintain the presence and activity of myofibroblasts after tissue injury. Importantly, through this feed forward mechanism, mechanical stretch might be a powerful stimulus that directs tissues away from recovery and towards the development of fibrosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Walker, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pelling, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.25.917179</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanical stretch sustains myofibroblast phenotype and function in microtissues through latent TGF-β1 activation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.30.926477v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolution and variation of 2019-novel coronavirus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.30.926477v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe current outbreak caused by novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in China has become a worldwide concern. As of 28 January 2020, there were 4631 confirmed cases and 106 deaths, and 11 countries or regions were affected.

MethodsWe downloaded the genomes of 2019-nCoVs and similar isolates from the Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Database (GISAID and nucleotide database of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Lasergene 7.0 and MEGA 6.0 softwares were used to calculate genetic distances of the sequences, to construct phylogenetic trees, and to align amino acid sequences. Bayesian coalescent phylogenetic analysis, implemented in the BEAST software package, was used to calculate the molecular clock related characteristics such as the nucleotide substitution rate and the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) of 2019-nCoVs.

ResultsAn isolate numbered EPI_ISL_403928 showed different phylogenetic trees and genetic distances of the whole length genome, the coding sequences (CDS) of ployprotein (P), spike protein (S), and nucleoprotein (N) from other 2019-nCoVs. There are 22, 4, 2 variations in P, S, and N at the level of amino acid residues. The nucleotide substitution rates from high to low are 1{middle dot}05 x 10-2 (nucleotide substitutions/site/year, with 95% HPD interval being 6.27 x 10-4 to 2.72 x 10-2) for N, 5.34 x 10-3 (5.10 x 10-4, 1.28 x 10-2) for S, 1.69 x 10-3 (3.94 x 10-4, 3.60 x 10-3) for P, 1.65 x 10-3 (4.47 x 10-4, 3.24 x 10-3) for the whole genome, respectively. At this nucleotide substitution rate, the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) of 2019-nCoVs appeared about 0.253-0.594 year before the epidemic.

ConclusionOur analysis suggests that at least two different viral strains of 2019-nCoV are involved in this outbreak that might occur a few months earlier before it was officially reported.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xiong, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.30.926477</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolution and variation of 2019-novel coronavirus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.02.929091v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Direct reprogramming of astrocytes to neurons leads to functional recovery after stroke 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.02.929091v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Stroke is the leading cause of adult disability with few treatment options for stroke survivors. Astrocyte reprogramming to neurons enables the targeted in vivo generation of new cells at the site of injury and represents a novel approach for brain repair. A number of studies have demonstrated successful conversion of astrocytes to neurons in various models of brain injury and disease; however, the impact of this strategy on tissue and functional outcome following stroke is not well established. Using AAV delivery of the transcription factor NeuroD1, we reprogrammed astrocytes 7 days after endothelin-1 induced cortical stroke, and studied the long-term cellular and functional outcomes. We found that by 63 days post-stroke, 20% of neurons in the perilesional cortex were reprogrammed. Furthermore, reprogrammed neurons had matured into regionally appropriate neuronal subtypes. Importantly, this treatment was associated with improved functional outcome using the foot fault test and gait analysis. Together, our findings indicate that in vivo reprogramming is a promising regenerative approach for stroke repair.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Livingston, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniele, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillips, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krassikova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Enbar, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kortebi, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bang, K. W. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donville, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibragimov, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sachewsky, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morshead, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faiz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.02.929091</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Direct reprogramming of astrocytes to neurons leads to functional recovery after stroke]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.03.932640v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Comprehensive Assessment of Human Natural Killer Cell Phenotype and Function in Whole Blood 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.03.932640v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The majority of data on human Natural Killer (NK) cell phenotype and function has been generated using cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). However, cryopreservation can have adverse effects on PBMCs. In contrast, investigating immune cells in whole blood can reduce the time, volume of blood required, and potential artifacts associated with manipulation of the cells. Whole blood collected from healthy donors and cancer patients was processed by three separate protocols that can be used independently or in parallel to assess extracellular receptors, intracellular signaling protein phosphorylation, and intracellular and extracellular cytokine production in human NK cells. To assess extracellular receptor expression, 200 L of whole blood was incubated with an extracellular staining (ECS) mix and cells were subsequently fixed and RBCs lysed prior to analysis. The phosphorylation status of signaling proteins was assessed in 500 L of whole blood following co-incubation with interleukin (IL)-2/12 and the ECS mix for 20 minutes prior to cell fixation and RBC lysis and subsequent permeabilization for staining with an intracellular staining (ICS) mix. Cytokine production (IFN{gamma}) was similarly assessed by incubating 1 mL of whole blood with PMA-ionomycin or IL-2/12 prior to incubation with ECS and subsequent ICS antibodies. In addition, plasma was collected from stimulated samples prior to ECS for quantification of secreted IFN{gamma} by ELISA. Results were consistent, despite inherent interpatient variability. Although we did not investigate an exhaustive list of targets, this approach enabled quantification of representative ECS surface markers including activating (NKG2D and DNAM-1) and inhibitory (NKG2D, PD-1, TIGIT, and TIM-3) receptors, cytokine receptors (CD25, CD122, CD132, and CD212) and ICS markers associated with NK cell activation following stimulation, including signaling protein phosphorylation (p-STAT4, p-STAT5, p-p38 MAPK, p-S6K) and IFN{gamma} in both healthy donors and cancer patients. In addition, we compared extracellular receptor expression using whole blood versus cryopreserved PBMCs and observed a significant difference in the expression of almost all receptors. The methods presented permit a relatively rapid parallel assessment of immune cell receptor expression, signaling protein activity, and cytokine production in a minimal volume of whole blood from both healthy donors and cancer patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Market, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tennakoon, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scaffidi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanese de Souza, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kennedy, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Auer, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.03.932640</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Comprehensive Assessment of Human Natural Killer Cell Phenotype and Function in Whole Blood]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.03.932665v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High contiguity long read assembly of Brassica nigra allows localization of active centromeres and provides insights into the ancestral Brassica genome. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.03.932665v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
High-quality nanopore genome assemblies were generated for two Brassica nigra genotypes (Ni100 and CN115125); a member of the agronomically important Brassica species. The N50 contig length for the two assemblies were 17.1 Mb (58 contigs) and 0.29 Mb (963 contigs), respectively, reflecting recent improvements in the technology. Comparison with a de novo short read assembly for Ni100 corroborated genome integrity and quantified sequence related error rates (0.002%). The contiguity and coverage allowed unprecedented access to low complexity regions of the genome. Pericentromeric regions and coincidence of hypo-methylation enabled localization of active centromeres and identified a novel centromere-associated ALE class I element which appears to have proliferated through relatively recent nested transposition events (<1 million years ago). Computational abstraction was used to define a post-triplication Brassica specific ancestral genome and to calculate the extensive rearrangements that define the genomic distance separating B. nigra from its diploid relatives.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Perumal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koh, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buchwaldt, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Higgins, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sankoff, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kagale, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Navabi, Z.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horner, K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bancroft, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chalhoub, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharpe, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parkin, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.03.932665</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High contiguity long read assembly of Brassica nigra allows localization of active centromeres and provides insights into the ancestral Brassica genome.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.05.936500v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Growth phase-dependent responses of an in vitro gut microbiome to metformin 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.05.936500v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In vitro gut microbiota models are often used to study drug-microbiome interaction. Similar to culturing individual microbial strains, the biomass accumulation of in vitro gut microbiota follows a logistic growth curve. Current studies on in vitro gut microbiome responses introduce drug stimulation during different growth stages, e.g. lag phase or stationary phase. However, in vitro gut microbiota in different growth phases may respond differently to same stimuli. Therefore, in this study, we used a 96-deep well plate-based culturing model (MiPro) to culture the human gut microbiota. Metformin, as the stimulus, was added at the lag, log and stationary phases of growth. Microbiome samples were collected at different time points for optical density and metaproteomic functional analysis. Results show that in vitro gut microbiota responded differently to metformin added during different growth phases, in terms of the growth curve, alterations of taxonomic and functional compositions. The addition of drugs at log phase leads to the greatest decline of bacterial growth. Metaproteomic analysis suggested that the strength of the metformin effect on the gut microbiome functional profile was ranked as lag phase > log phase > stationary phase. Our results showed that metformin added at lag phase resulted in a significantly reduced abundance of the Clostridiales order as well as an increased abundance of the Bacteroides genus, which was different from stimulation during the rest of the growth phase. Metformin also resulted in alterations of several pathways, including energy production and conversion, lipid transport and metabolism, translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis. Our results indicate that the timing for drug stimulation should be considered when studying drug-microbiome interactions in vitro.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ning, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayne, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Figeys, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.05.936500</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Growth phase-dependent responses of an in vitro gut microbiome to metformin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.10.942177v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Activation of Rab11a and endocytosis by Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase III beta promotes oncogenic signaling in breast cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.10.942177v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Endosomes are now recognized as important sites for regulating signal transduction. Here we show that the lipid kinase phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase III beta (PI4KIII{beta}) regulates both endocytic kinetics and receptor signaling in breast cancer cells. PI4KIII{beta} generates phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate from phosphatidylinositol and is highly expressed in a subset of breast cancers. However, the molecular mechanism by which PI4KIII{beta} promotes breast cancer is unclear. We demonstrate that ectopic PI4KIII{beta} expression increases the rates of both endocytic internalization and recycling. PI4KIII{beta} deletion reduces endocytic kinetics accompanied by a concomitant decrease in activity of the Rab11a GTPase, a protein required for endocytic function. Finally, we find that PI4KIII{beta} activates IGF-IR{beta} signaling dependent on endosome function. Regulation of endocytic function by PI4KIII{beta} is independent of its kinase activity but requires interaction with the Rab11a. This suggests that PI4KIII{beta} controls endosomal kinetics and signaling by directly modulating Rab11a function. Our work suggests a novel regulatory role for PI4KIII{beta} in endosome function and plasma membrane receptor signaling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>MacDonald, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harding, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bilodeau, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Souza, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campa, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirsch, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Auer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.10.942177</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Activation of Rab11a and endocytosis by Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase III beta promotes oncogenic signaling in breast cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.11.943605v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Expression of dlx genes in the normal and regenerating brain of adult zebrafish. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.11.943605v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dysfunctions in the GABAergic system lead to various pathological conditions and impaired inhibitory function is one of the causes behind neuropathies characterized by neuronal hyper excitability. The Dlx homeobox genes are involved in the development of nervous system, neural crest, brachial arches and developing appendages. Dlx genes also take part in neuronal migration and differentiation during development, more precisely, in the migration and differentiation of GABAergic neurons. Functional analysis of dlx genes has mainly been carried out in developing zebrafish embryos and larvae; however information regarding the expression and roles of these genes in the adult zebrafish brain is still lacking. The extensive neurogenesis that takes place in the brain of adult zebrafish makes them a good model for the visualization of mechanisms involving dlx genes during adulthood in physiological conditions and during regeneration of the nervous system. We have identified the adult brain regions where transcripts of dlx1a, dlx2a, dlx5a and dlx6a genes are normally found and have confirmed that within telencephalic domains, there is high overlapping expression of the four dlx paralogs with a marker for GABAergic neurons. Co-localization analyses carried with the Tg(dlx6a-1.4kbdlx5a/dlx6a:GFP) reporter line have also shown that in some areas of the diencephalon, cells expressing the dlx5a/6a bigene may have a neural stem cell identity by co-localizing with a Sox2 antibody. Furthermore, investigations in a response to stab wound lesions, have demonstrated a possible participation of the dlx5a/6a bigene, most likely, of dlx5a during the regeneration of the adult zebrafish brain. These data suggest a possible participation of dlx-expressing cells during brain regeneration in adult zebrafish and also provide information on the role of dlx genes under normal physiological conditions in adults.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Weinschutz Mendes, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>TAKTEK, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DURET, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ekker, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.11.943605</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Expression of dlx genes in the normal and regenerating brain of adult zebrafish.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.18.953695v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PCR procedures to amplify GC-rich DNA sequences of Mycobacterium bovis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.18.953695v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Amplification of high GC content genes by PCR is a major challenge during the creation of recombinant GC-rich DNA constructs. This may be due to the difficulty in DNA denaturation or the possibility of forming secondary structures from DNA templates. Tools have been described to address the technical problems associated with the amplification of shorter sequences (<1000 bp). However, obstacles of synthesizing larger-sized GC-rich sequences by PCR continue to exist. This study aims to investigate the amplification of long and high GC content genes by PCR from the Mycobacterium bovis, a genome with GC content >60%, in comparison to amplifying a gene from the Listeria monocytogenes genome, a genome with a 37.8% GC content. Three PCR protocols were designed and experimented at various conditions with two M. bovis genes, Mb0129, a large gene of 1794 bp with 77.5% GC content, mpb83, a smaller gene of 663 bp in length with moderate GC content of 63%, together with LMHCC_RS00060, a large L.monocytogenes gene of 1617 bp with a lower GC content of 41.53%. The result demonstrated the superiority of the 2-step PCR protocol over other protocols in PCR amplification of Mb0129 when specific high fidelity DNA polymerases were used in the presence of an enhancer. The study highlighted the importance of manipulating the cycling conditions to perform the annealing and extension steps at higher temperatures for a successful PCR amplification of a large GC-rich DNA template. The PCR protocols developed in this study can be valuable tools for the amplification of long GC-rich DNA sequences for various downstream applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Assal, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.18.953695</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PCR procedures to amplify GC-rich DNA sequences of Mycobacterium bovis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.19.953034v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Oxidative Modifications of Parkin Underlie its Selective Neuroprotection in Adult Human Brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.19.953034v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mechanisms by which Parkinson disease-linked parkin confers neuroprotection of human dopamine cells remain elusive. We hypothesized that its cysteines mediate multiple anti-oxidant effects in the midbrain. By studying >60 control specimens, we found that in adult human brain - but not in skeletal muscle- parkin is mostly aggregated and insoluble due to oxidative modifications, such as at C253. In vitro, parkins oxidation directly reduces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to water. In parkin-deficient human brain, H2O2 concentrations are elevated. In dopamine toxicity studies, wild-type parkin -but not disease-associated mutants-prevents neural death by lowering H2O2 and sequestering radicals within insoluble aggregates. Parkin conjugates dopamine metabolites at the human-specific residue C95 and augments melanin formation in vitro. Using epitope-mapped antibodies, we found that in adult Substantia nigra neurons parkin localizes to neuromelanin within LAMP-3/CD63-positive lysosomes. We conclude that parkins own oxidation, previously considered a loss-of-function event, underlies three neuroprotective effects in adult midbrain: its cysteines participate in H2O2 reduction, dopamine radical conjugation and the formation of neuromelanin.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tokarew, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El-Kodsi, D. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lengacher, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fehr, T. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Nuallain, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khan, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, A. C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sengupta, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barber, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zandee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scherzer, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prat, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takanashi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hattori, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>West, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holmgren, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puente, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaw, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toth, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woulfe, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomlinson, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlossmacher, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.19.953034</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Oxidative Modifications of Parkin Underlie its Selective Neuroprotection in Adult Human Brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.23.958686v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Decellularized Plant-Based Scaffolds for Guided Alignment of Myoblast Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.23.958686v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alignment and orientation of cells in vivo plays a crucial role in the functionality of tissue. A challenged faced by traditional cell culture approaches is that the majority of two-dimensional substrates fail to induce a controlled alignment of cells in vitro. To address this challenge, approaches utilizing mechanical stresses, exposure to electrical fields, structurally aligned biomaterials and/or textured microfabricated substrates, have been developed to control the organization of cells through microenvironmental stimuli. In the field of muscle tissue engineering it is often desirable to control the alignment and fusion of muscle precursor cells as it more closely resembles in vivo conditions. In this study, we utilize plant-derived cellulose biomaterials to control the in vitro alignment of C2C12 murine myoblasts. We hereby report that cells display a clear sensitivity to the highly aligned vascular bundle architectures found in decellularized celery (Apium graveolens). Conveniently, the xylem and phloem channels lie within the 10-100m diameter, which has been shown to be optimal diameter for myoblast alignment through contact guidance. Following 10 days in proliferation media, F-actin filaments were observed to be aligned parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vascular bundle. Subsequently, following 5 days in differentiation media, myoblast maintained an aligned morphology, which led to the formation of aligned myotubes. We therefore conclude that the microtopography of the vascular bundle guides muscle cell alignment. The results presented here highlight the potential of this plant-derived scaffold for in vitro studies of muscle myogenesis, where structural anisotropy is required to more closely resemble in vivo conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Campuzano, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mogilever, N. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pelling, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.23.958686</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Decellularized Plant-Based Scaffolds for Guided Alignment of Myoblast Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.28.970186v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metaproteomic responses of in vitro gut microbiomes to resistant starches: the role of resistant starch type and inter-individual variations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.28.970186v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Resistant starches (RS) are dietary compounds processed by the gut microbiota into metabolites, such as butyrate, that are beneficial to the host. The production of butyrate by the microbiome appears to be affected by the plant source and type of RS as well as the individuals microbiota. In this study, we used in vitro culture and metaproteomic methods to explore the consistency and variations in individual microbiomes functional responses to three types of RS - RS2(Hi Maize 260), RS3(Novelose 330) and RS4(Fibersym RW). Results showed that RS2 and RS3 significantly altered the levels of protein expression in the individual gut microbiomes, while RS4 did not result in significant protein changes. Significantly elevated protein groups were enriched in carbohydrate metabolism and transport functions of families Eubacteriaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae. In addition, Bifidobacteriaceae was significantly increased in response to RS3. We also observed taxon-specific enrichments of starch metabolism and pentose phosphate pathways corresponding to this family. Functions related to starch utilization, ABC transporters and pyruvate metabolism pathways were consistently increased in the individual microbiomes in response to RS2 and RS3; in contrast, the downstream butyrate producing pathway response varied. Our study confirm that different types of RS have markedly variable functional effects on the human gut microbiome, and also found considerable inter-individual differences in microbiome pathway responses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ning, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayne, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavallee-Adam, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stintzi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Figeys, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.28.970186</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metaproteomic responses of in vitro gut microbiomes to resistant starches: the role of resistant starch type and inter-individual variations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.09.982884v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Studying the dynamics of the gut microbiota using metabolically stable isotopic labeling and metaproteomics. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.09.982884v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe gut microbiome and its metabolic processes are dynamic systems. Surprisingly, our understanding of gut microbiome dynamics is limited. Here we report a metaproteomic workflow that involves protein stable isotope probing (protein-SIP) and identification and quantification of partially labeled peptides. We also developed a package, which we call MetaProfiler, that corrects for false identifications and performs phylogenetic and time series analysis for the study of gut microbiome functional dynamics.

ResultsFrom the stool sample of five mice that were fed with 15N hydrolysate from Ralstonia eutropha, we identified 15,297 non-redundant unlabeled peptides of which 10,839 of their heavy counterparts were quantified. These peptides revealed incorporation profiles over time that were different between and within taxa, as well as between and within clusters of orthologous groups (COGs).

ConclusionsOur study helps unravel the complex dynamics of protein synthesis and bacterial dynamics in the mouse microbiome.

AvailabilityMetaProfiler and the bioinformatic pipeline are available at https://github.com/psmyth94/MetaProfiler.git.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Smyth, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ning, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayne, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavallée-Adam, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Figeys, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.09.982884</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Studying the dynamics of the gut microbiota using metabolically stable isotopic labeling and metaproteomics.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.12.988808v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Establishment of a pig influenza challenge model for evaluation of monoclonal antibody delivery platforms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.12.988808v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Monoclonal antibodies are a possible adjunct to vaccination and drugs in treatment of influenza virus infection. However questions remain whether small animal models accurately predict efficacy in humans. We have established the pig, a large natural host animal for influenza, with many physiological similarities to humans, as a robust model for testing monoclonal antibodies. We show that a strongly neutralizing monoclonal antibody (2-12C) against the hemagglutinin head administered prophylactically at 15 mg/kg reduced viral load and lung pathology after pandemic H1N1 influenza challenge. A lower dose of 1 mg/kg of 2-12C or a DNA plasmid encoded version of 2-12C, reduced pathology and viral load in the lungs, but not viral shedding in nasal swabs. We propose that the pig influenza model will be useful for testing candidate monoclonal antibodies and emerging delivery platforms prior to human trials.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McNee, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holzer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becky, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bessell, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guibinga, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schultheis, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisher, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramos, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nunez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernard, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martini, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chrun, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kash, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taubenberger, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elliott, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beverley, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rijal, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiner, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Townsend, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Broderick, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tchilian, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.12.988808</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Establishment of a pig influenza challenge model for evaluation of monoclonal antibody delivery platforms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.17.990903v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An easily adopted murine model of distal pancreatectomy for investigating immunotherapy efficacy in resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.17.990903v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundAlthough surgery provides the greatest therapeutic benefit to eligible pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients it does not significantly improve survival for the majority of patients. Unfortunately our understanding of the therapeutic benefit of combining surgery with different treatment modalities including promising immunotherapeutics is limited by the current lack of easily adopted surgical models. The purpose of this study was to develop a surgically resectable model of PDAC in immunocompetent mice for use in preclinical investigations.

Materials and MethodsSurgically resectable orthotopic tumors were generated by injecting Pan02 cells into the tail of the pancreas. Fifteen days post implantation the primary tumors and tail of the pancreas were resected by laparotomy while preserving the spleen. Splenic function, tumor growth, immune phenotyping and survival were assessed following surgical resection of the primary tumor mass.

ResultsAs expected orthotopic tumor implants recapitulated many of the major histological hallmarks of PDAC including disrupted lobular structure and vascular invasion. Preservation of splenic immune cell viability and function was not associated with improved survival following surgery alone. However, pre-operative vaccination with GVAX was associated with improved survival which was not impacted by surgery.

ConclusionThis represents the first murine model of surgically resectable murine model of PDAC which recapitulates known pathological hallmarks of human disease in an immune competent model while allowing spleen preservation. This relatively simple and easily adopted approach provides an ideal platform to examine the efficacy of potential immunotherapy combinations for PDAC surgery patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Baxter, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanese de Souza, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tai, L.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yaghini, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daneshmand, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bell, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lichty, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kennedy, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Auer, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.17.990903</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An easily adopted murine model of distal pancreatectomy for investigating immunotherapy efficacy in resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.19.999235v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolution of an enzyme conformational ensemble guides design of an efficient biocatalyst 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.19.999235v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The creation of artificial enzymes is a key objective of computational protein design. Although de novo enzymes have been successfully designed, these exhibit low catalytic efficiencies, requiring directed evolution to improve activity. Here, we used room-temperature X-ray crystallography to study changes in the conformational ensemble during evolution of the designed Kemp eliminase HG3 (kcat/KM 160 M-1s-1). We observed that catalytic residues were increasingly rigidified, the active site became better pre-organized, and its entrance was widened. Based on these observations, we engineered HG4, an efficient biocatalyst (kcat/KM 120,000 M-1s-1) containing active-site mutations found during evolution but not distal ones. HG4 structures revealed that its active site was pre-organized and rigidified for efficient catalysis. Our results show how directed evolution circumvents challenges inherent to enzyme design by shifting conformational ensembles to favor catalytically-productive sub-states, and suggest improvements to the design methodology that incorporate ensemble modeling of crystallographic data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Broom, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rakotoharisoa, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zarifi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukhametzhanov, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fraser, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chica, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.19.999235</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolution of an enzyme conformational ensemble guides design of an efficient biocatalyst]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.25.008276v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Self-cutting and integrating CRISPR plasmids (SCIPs) enable targeted genomic integration of large genetic payloads for rapid cell engineering 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.25.008276v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Since observations that CRISPR nucleases function in mammalian cells, many strategies have been devised to adapt them for genetic engineering. Here, we investigated self-cutting and integrating CRISPR-Cas9 plasmids (SCIPs) as easy-to-use gene editing tools that insert themselves at CRISPR-guided locations. SCIPs demonstrated similar expression kinetics and gene disruption efficiency in mouse (EL4) and human (Jurkat) cells, with stable integration in 3-6% of transfected cells. Clonal sequencing analysis indicated that integrants showed bi- or mono-allelic integration of entire CRISPR plasmids in predictable orientations and with limited indel formation. Interestingly, including longer homology arms (HAs) (500 bp) in varying orientations only modestly increased knock-in efficiency ([~]2-fold). Using a SCIP-payload design (SCIPpay) which liberates a promoter-less sequence flanked by HAs thereby requiring perfect homology-directed repair (HDR) for transgene expression, longer HAs resulted in higher integration efficiency and precision of the payload but did not affect integration of the remaining plasmid sequence. As proofs-of-concept, we used SCIPpay to 1) insert a gene fragment encoding tdTomato into the CD69 locus of Jurkat cells, thereby creating a cell line that reports T cell activation, and 2) insert a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) gene into the TRAC locus. Here, we demonstrate that SCIPs function as simple, efficient, and programmable tools useful for generating gene knock-out/knock-in cell lines and suggest future utility in knock-in site screening/optimization, unbiased off-target site identification, and multiplexed, iterative, and/or library-scale automated genome engineering.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bloemberg, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sosa-Miranda, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weeratna, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McComb, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.25.008276</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Self-cutting and integrating CRISPR plasmids (SCIPs) enable targeted genomic integration of large genetic payloads for rapid cell engineering]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.30.015511v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Burst-dependent synaptic plasticity can coordinate learning in hierarchical circuits 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.30.015511v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Synaptic plasticity is believed to be a key physiological mechanism for learning. It is well-established that it depends on pre and postsynaptic activity. However, models that rely solely on pre and postsynaptic activity for synaptic changes have, to date, not been able to account for learning complex tasks that demand credit assignment in hierarchical networks. Here, we show that if synaptic plasticity is regulated by high-frequency bursts of spikes, then neurons higher in a hierarchical circuit can coordinate the plasticity of lower-level connections. Using simulations and mathematical analyses, we demonstrate that, when paired with short-term synaptic dynamics, regenerative activity in the apical dendrites, and synaptic plasticity in feedback pathways, a burst-dependent learning rule can solve challenging tasks that require deep network architectures. Our results demonstrate that well-known properties of dendrites, synapses, and synaptic plasticity are sufficient to enable sophisticated learning in hierarchical circuits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Payeur, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guerguiev, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zenke, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richards, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naud, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.30.015511</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Burst-dependent synaptic plasticity can coordinate learning in hierarchical circuits]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.01.020420v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mapping shifts in nanopore signal to changes in protein and protein-DNA conformation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.01.020420v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Solid-state nanopores have been used extensively in biomolecular studies involving DNA and proteins. However, the interpretation of signals generated by the translocation of proteins or protein-DNA complexes remains challenging. Here, we investigate the behavior of monovalent streptavidin and the complex it forms with short biotinylated DNA over a range of nanopore sizes, salts and voltages. We describe a simple geometric model that is broadly applicable and employ it to explain observed variations in conductance blockage and dwell time with experimental conditions. The general approach developed here underscores the value of nanopore-based protein analysis and represents progress toward the interpretation of complex translocation signals.

STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCENanopore sensing allows investigation of biomolecular structure in aqueous solution, including electricfield-induced changes in protein conformation. This nanopore-based study probes: (1) the tetramerdimer transition of streptavidin, observing the effects of increasing voltage with varying salt type and concentration; (2) the possible conformational states of DNA-streptavidin complexes when confined inside a pore. We describe a broadly applicable geometric approach that maps stepwise changes in the nanopore signal to real-time conformational transitions. These results represent progress toward accurate interpretation of nanopore signals generated by molecular complexes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Carlsen, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tabard-Cossa, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.01.020420</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mapping shifts in nanopore signal to changes in protein and protein-DNA conformation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.02.022285v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cre-mediated deletion of SMARCA5 disrupts pluripotency in mouse embryonic stem cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.02.022285v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In embryonic stem cells (ESCs), the SWI/SNF, CHD, and INO80 families of ATP-dependent chromatin remodellers have been implicated in maintaining pluripotency-associated gene expression. At the time of this study, the importance of ISWI family remodellers had yet to be defined, and we had sought to assess their involvement. During this time, Barisic et al. (Nature, 2019) elegantly demonstrated that the ISWI homologue SNF2H (Smarca5) is important for nucleosomal periodicity, the binding of select transcription factors, and proper differentiation of mouse ESCs. While we do not dispute their findings to any extent, our experiments have led to slightly different conclusions, and we have chosen to use this platform to share our results.

Here, we explore the importance of SNF2H by deriving a conditional knockout mouse ESC line and observing the consequences of SNF2H depletion on the pluripotent state. Cre-mediated deletion of Snf2h disrupts hallmark characteristics of pluripotency, resulting in distinct morphological changes; reduced expression of the master transcription factors Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog; and reduced alkaline phosphatase activity. To understand the mechanisms of SNF2H-mediated regulation, we mapped SNF2H-bound nucleosomes genome-wide. SNF2H is broadly distributed across the genome but is preferentially enriched at active regulatory regions and transcription factor binding sites.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cook, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vanderhyden, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.02.022285</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cre-mediated deletion of SMARCA5 disrupts pluripotency in mouse embryonic stem cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.08.031989v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A new model for vertebrate mineralization via stabilized amorphous calcium carbonate for avian eggshell formation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.08.031989v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) is an unstable mineral phase, which is progressively transformed into aragonite or calcite in biomineralization of marine invertebrate shells or avian eggshells, respectively. We have previously proposed a model of vesicular transport to provide stabilized ACC in chicken uterine fluid where mineralization takes place. Herein, we report further experimental evidence for this model. We confirmed the presence of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that contain ACC in uterine fluid using transmission electron microscopy and elemental analysis. We also demonstrate high levels of expression of vesicular markers in the oviduct segments where eggshell is formed. Moreover, proteomics and immunofluorescence confirmed the presence of major vesicular, mineralization-specific and eggshell matrix proteins in the uterus and in purified EVs. We propose a comprehensive role for EVs in eggshell mineralization, in which annexins transfer calcium into vesicles and carbonic anhydrase 4 catalyzes the formation of HCO3-, for accumulation of ACC in vesicles. We hypothesize that ACC is stabilized by ovalbumin and/or lysozyme or additional vesicle proteins identified in this study. Finally, EDIL3 and MFGE8 are proposed to serve as guidance molecules to target EVs to the mineralization site. We therefore report for the first time experimental evidence for the components of vesicular transport to supply ACC in vertebrate biomineralization. These results could give insight to understand the mineralization of otoconia, which are calcium carbonate biomineralized structures present in all vertebrates and necessary for balance and sensing linear acceleration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stapane, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Roy, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ezagal, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez-Navarro, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Labas, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Combes-Soia, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hincke, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gautron, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.08.031989</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A new model for vertebrate mineralization via stabilized amorphous calcium carbonate for avian eggshell formation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.14.041954v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genomics of experimental diversification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis lung-like conditions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.14.041954v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is among the most problematic opportunistic pathogens for adults with cystic fibrosis (CF), causing repeated and resilient infections in the lung and surrounding airways. Evidence suggests that long-term infections are associated with diversification into specialized types but the underlying cause of that diversification and the effect it has on the persistence of infections remains poorly understood. Here, we use evolve and resequence experiments to investigate the genetic changes accompanying rapid, de novo phenotypic diversification in lab environments designed to mimic two aspects of human lung ecology: spatial structure and complex nutritional content. After [~]220 generations of evolution, we find extensive genetic variation present in all environments, including those that most closely resemble the CF lung, attributable to a combination of high mutation supply rates resulting from large population sizes and the complex ecological conditions imposed by resource complexity and spatial structure. We use the abundance and frequency of nonsynonymous and synonymous mutations to estimate the ratio of mutations that are selectively neutral (hitchhikers) to those that are under selection (drivers). A significantly lower proportion of driver mutations in spatially structured populations suggests that reduced dispersal generates subpopulations with reduced effective population size, decreasing the supply of beneficial mutations and causing more divergent evolutionary trajectories. The genes most commonly mutated tend to impact regulatory functions linked to a range of CF-associated phenotypes, including one gene that confers antibiotic resistance despite the absence of antibiotic selection in our experiment, but do not appear to be specific to CF-like conditions arising from antimicrobial treatment, immune system suppression, or competition from other microbial species. Our results are consistent with models of adaptation that see the first mutations fixed during adaptation to a stressful environment being those that are broadly beneficial across a range of environments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schick, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kassen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.14.041954</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genomics of experimental diversification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis lung-like conditions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.26.062380v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Parkinson Disease-Linked Parkin Mediates Redox Reactions That Lower Oxidative Stress In Mammalian Brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.26.062380v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We recently hypothesized that parkin plays a role in redox homeostasis and provided evidence that it directly reduces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in vitro. Here, we examined this anti-oxidant activity in vivo. Informed by findings in human brain, we demonstrate that elevated oxidative stress promotes parkin insolubility in mice. In normal mouse brain parkin was partially oxidized, e.g., at cysteines 195 and 252, which was augmented by oxidative stress. Although under basal conditions H2O2 levels were unchanged in adult prkn-/- brain, a parkin-dependent reduction of cytosolic H2O2 was observed when mitochondria were impaired, either due to neurotoxicant exposure (MPTP) or Sod2 haploinsufficiency. In accordance, markers of oxidative stress, e.g., protein carbonylation and nitrotyrosination, were elevated in the cytosol but not in mitochondria from prkn-/- mice. Nevertheless, this rise in oxidative stress led to changes in mitochondrial enzyme activities and the metabolism of glutathione in cells and mammalian brain. In parkins absence reduced glutathione concentrations were increased including in human cortex. This compensation was not due to new glutathione synthesis but attributed to elevated oxidized glutathione (GSSG)-reductase activity. Moreover, we discovered that parkin also recycled GSSG to its reduced form. With this reaction, parkin became S-glutathionylated, e.g., at cysteines 59 and human-specific 95. This oxidative modification was reversed by glutaredoxin. Our results demonstrate that cytosolic parkin mediates anti-oxidant reactions including H2O2 reduction and glutathione regeneration. These reducing activities lead to a range of oxidative modifications in parkin itself. In parkin-deficient brain oxidative stress rises despite changes to maintain redox balance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>El Kodsi, D. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tokarew, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sengupta, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lengacher, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boston, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmberg, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pileggi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shutinoski, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fehr, T. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Im, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Callaghan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LaVoie, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takanashi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hattori, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ratan, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zecca, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puente, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaw, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harper, M.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holmgren, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomlinson, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlossmacher, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.26.062380</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Parkinson Disease-Linked Parkin Mediates Redox Reactions That Lower Oxidative Stress In Mammalian Brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.29.051938v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A mouse model for spinal muscular atrophy provides insights into non-alcoholic fatty liver disease pathogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.29.051938v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Background &amp; aims Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an inherited neuromuscular disorder leading to paralysis and death in children. SMA patients are more susceptible to dyslipidemia as well as liver steatosis, features reproduced in SMA mouse models. As current pre-clinical models of NAFLD are invariably imperfect and generally take a long time to develop, the rapid development of liver steatosis in SMA mice provides a means to identify molecular markers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here, we investigated whether Smn2B/- mice, a model of severe SMA, display typical features of NAFLD/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).Methods Biochemical, histological, electron microscopy, proteomic, and high-resolution respirometry were used.Results The Smn2B/- mice develop steatohepatitis early in life. The consequent liver damage arises from mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and results in impaired hepatic function including alterations in protein output, complement, coagulation, iron homeostasis, and IGF-1 metabolism. The steatohepatitis is reversible by AAV9-SMN gene therapy. The NAFLD phenotype is likely due to non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) overload from peripheral lipolysis, subsequent to hyperglucagonemia compounded by reduced muscle use. Mitochondrial β-oxidation contributed to hepatic damage as we observed enhanced hepatic mitochondrial β-oxidation and reactive oxygen species production. Hepatic mitochondrial content, however, was decreased. In contrast to typical NAFLD/NASH, the Smn2B/- mice lose weight due to their neurological condition, develop hypoglycemia and do not develop hepatic fibrosis.Conclusion The Smn2B/- mice represent a good model of microvesicular steatohepatitis. Like other models, it is not representative of the complete NAFLD/NASH spectrum. Nevertheless, it offers a reliable, low-cost, early onset model that is not dependent on diet to identify molecular players in NAFLD pathogenesis and can serve as one of the very few models of microvesicular steatohepatitis for both adult and pediatric populations.Competing Interest StatementMarc-Olivier Deguise received honoraria and travel accommodations from Biogen for speaking engagements at the SMA Summit 2018 held in Montreal, Canada and SMA Academy 2019 held in Toronto, Canada. Rashmi Kothary received honoraria and travel accommodations from Roche as an invited speaker at their global and national board meetings in 2019. RK and the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute have a licensing agreement with Biogen for the Smn2B/- mouse model. Thomas H. Gillingwater has served on global and UK advisory boards for Roche. These COI are outside the scope of this study. All other authors have no competing interests to declare.List of abbreviationsAGCautomatic gain controlALPalkaline phosphataseALTalanine aminotransferaseASTaspartate aminotransferaseBaxBCL2 associated X proteinDAVIDThe Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated DiscoveryESEnrichment ScoreFasRFas receptorH&amp;EHematoxylin &amp; eosinHFDhigh fat dietIGF-1insulin-like growth factor 1IGFbp1insulin like growth factor binding protein 1IGF1Rinsulin like growth factor 1 receptorigfalsinsulin like growth factor binding protein acid labile subunitIPAingenuity pathway analysisMCDmethionine and choline deficient dietMCLMarkov Clustering AlgorithmNAFLDnon-alcoholic fatty liver diseaseNASHnon-alcoholic steatohepatitisNEFAnon-esterified fatty acidPpostnatal dayp21cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1Ap53tumor protein p53PASPeriodic acid-SchiffSMAspinal muscular atrophySMN1Survival motor neuron 1TMTTandem Mass TaggingTNFR1TNF receptor superfamily member 1AView Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Deguise, M.-O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pileggi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beauvais, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tierney, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chehade, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Repentigny, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michaud, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Llavero-Hurtado, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamont, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atrih, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wishart, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillingwater, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schneider, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harper, M.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parson, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kothary, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.29.051938</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A mouse model for spinal muscular atrophy provides insights into non-alcoholic fatty liver disease pathogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.01.056192v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A broad response to intracellular long-chain polyphosphate in human cells 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.01.056192v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Polyphosphates (PolyP) are composed of long chains of inorganic phosphates linked together by phosphoanhydride bonds. They are found in all kingdoms of life, playing roles in cell growth, infection, and blood coagulation. A resurgence in interest in polyP has shown links to diverse aspects of human disease. However, unlike in bacteria and lower eukaryotes, the mammalian enzymes responsible for polyP metabolism are not known. Many studies have resorted to adding polyP to cell culture media, but it is not clear if externally applied polyP enters the cell to impact signaling events or whether their effect is mediated exclusively by extracellular receptors. For the first time, we use RNA-seq and mass spectrometry to define a broad impact of polyP produced inside of mammalian cells via ectopic expression of the E. coli polyP synthetase Ppk1. RNA-seq demonstrates that Ppk1 expression impacts expression of over 350 genes enriched for processes related to transcription and cell motility. Analysis of proteins via label-free mass spectrometry identified over 100 changes with functional enrichment in cell migration. Follow up work suggests a role for internally-synthesized polyP in promoting activation of mTOR and ERK1/2-EGR1 signaling pathways implicated in cell growth and stress. Finally, fractionation analysis shows that polyP accumulated in multiple cellular compartments and was associated with the relocalization several nuclear/cytoskeleton proteins, including chromatin bound proteins DEK, TAF10, GTF2I and translation initiation factor eIF5b. Our work is the first to demonstrate that internally produced polyP can activate diverse signaling pathways in human cells.

Significance StatementFor many years following its discovery in 1890, polyphosphates (polyP) were dismissed as evolutionary fossils. Best understood for its role in bacteria and yeast, our understanding of polyP in mammals remains rudimentary because the enzymes that synthesize and degrade polyP in mammalian systems are currently unknown. In our work, we carried out large-scale transcriptome and proteome approaches on human cells designed to accumulate internally produced polyP via ectopic expression of a bacterial polyP synthetase. Our work is the first to systematically assess the impact of increased intracellular polyP.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bondy-Chorney, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abramchuk, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nasser, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holinier, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Denoncourt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baijal, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCarthy, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khacho, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavallee-Adam, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Downey, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.01.056192</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A broad response to intracellular long-chain polyphosphate in human cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.13.091124v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Evolution and Fate of Diversity Under Hard and Soft Selection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.13.091124v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
How genetic variation arises and persists over evolutionary time despite the depleting effects of natural selection remains a long-standing question. Here, we investigate the impacts of two extreme forms of population regulation - at the level of the total, mixed population (hard selection) and at the level of local, spatially distinct patches (soft selection) - on the emergence and fate of diversity under strong divergent selection. We find that while the form of population regulation has little effect on rates of diversification it can modulate the long-term fate of genetic variation, diversity being more readily maintained under soft selection compared to hard selection. The mechanism responsible for coexistence is negative frequency dependent selection which, while present initially under both forms of population regulation, persists over the long-term only under soft selection. Importantly, coexistence is robust to continued evolution of niche specialist types under soft selection but not hard selection. These results suggest that soft selection could be a general mechanism for the maintenance of ecological diversity over evolutionary time scales.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kassen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.13.091124</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Evolution and Fate of Diversity Under Hard and Soft Selection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.18.066613v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cadherin-11 is required for neural crest determination and survival 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.18.066613v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neural crest (NC) cells are multipotent embryonic cells that form melanocytes, craniofacial bone and cartilage, and the peripheral nervous system in vertebrates. NC cells express many cadherin proteins, which control their specification, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, and mesenchymal to epithelial transition. Abnormal NC development leads to congenital defects including craniofacial clefts as well as NC-derived cancers. Here, we identify the role of the type II cadherin protein, Cadherin-11 (CDH11), in early chicken NC development. CDH11 is crucial for NC cell migration in amphibian embryos and is linked to cell survival, proliferation, and migration in cancer cells. It has been linked to the complex neurocristopathy disorder, Elsahy-Waters Syndrome, in humans. Using immunohistochemistry (IHC), we determined that CDH11 protein has dynamic expression that is first co-localized with neural progenitors in early embryos and subsequently upregulated specifically in NC cells as they are specified in the dorsal neural tube prior to migration. We identified that loss of CDH11 led to a reduction of bonafide NC cells in the dorsal neural tube combined with defects in cell migration and survival. Loss of CDH11 increased p53-mediated programmed-cell death, and blocking the p53 pathway rescued the NC phenotype. Our findings demonstrate an early requirement for CDH11 in NC development, and may increase our understanding of early cadherin-related NC developmental defects.

SummaryChicken Cadherin-11 (CDH11), which is expressed in neural crest (NC) cells prior to NC cell migration, is necessary for the determination and survival of the premigratory NC population.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Manohar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camacho-Magallanes, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogers, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.18.066613</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cadherin-11 is required for neural crest determination and survival]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.22.110726v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MealTime-MS: A Machine Learning-Guided Real-Time Mass SpectrometryAnalysis for Protein Identification and Efficient DynamicExclusion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.22.110726v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mass spectrometry-based proteomics technologies are the prime methods for the high-throughput identification of proteins in complex biological samples. Nevertheless, there are still technical limitations that hinder the ability of mass spectrometry to identify low abundance proteins in complex samples. Characterizing such proteins is essential to provide a comprehensive understanding of the biological processes taking place in cells and tissues. Still today, most mass spectrometry-based proteomics approaches use a data-dependent acquisition strategy, which favors the collection of mass spectra from proteins of higher abundance. Since the computational identification of proteins from proteomics data is typically performed after mass spectrometry analysis, large numbers of mass spectra are typically redundantly acquired from the same abundant proteins, and little to no mass spectra are acquired for proteins of lower abundance. We therefore propose a novel supervised learning algorithm that identifies proteins in real-time as mass spectrometry data are acquired and prevents further data collection from confidently identified proteins to ultimately free mass spectrometry resources to improve the identification sensitivity of low abundance proteins. We use real-time simulations of a previously performed mass spectrometry analysis of a HEK293 cell lysate to show that our approach can identify 92.1% of the proteins detected in the experiment using 66.2% of the MS2 spectra. We also demonstrate that our approach outperforms a previously proposed method, is sufficiently fast for real-time mass spectrometry analysis, and is flexible. Finally, MealTime-MS efficient usage of mass spectrometry resources will provide a more comprehensive characterization of proteomes in complex samples.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pelletier, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, Y.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ning, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Figeys, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavallee-Adam, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.22.110726</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MealTime-MS: A Machine Learning-Guided Real-Time Mass SpectrometryAnalysis for Protein Identification and Efficient DynamicExclusion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.26.116525v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NMR Analysis of the Correlation of Metabolic Changes in Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid in Alzheimer Model Male and Female Mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.26.116525v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The development of effective therapies as well as early, molecular diagnosis of Alzheimers disease is impeded by the lack of understanding of the underlying pathological mechanisms. Metabolomics studies of body fluids as well as brain tissues have shown major changes in metabolic profiles of Alzheimers patients. However, with analysis performed at the late stages of the disease it is not possible to distinguish causes and consequence. The mouse model APP/PS1 expresses a mutant amyloid precursor protein resulting in early Amyloid {beta} (A{beta}) accumulation as well as many resulting physiological changes including changes in metabolic profile and metabolism. Analysis of metabolic profile of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood of APP/PS1 mouse model can provide information about metabolic changes in these body fluids caused by A{beta} accumulation. Using our novel method for analysis of correlation and mathematical ranking of significant correlations between metabolites in CSF and blood, we have explored changes in metabolite correlation and connectedness in APP/PS1 and wild type mice. Metabolites concentration and correlation changes in CSF, blood and across the blood brain barrier determined in this work are affected by the production of amyloid plaque. Metabolite changes observed in the APP/PS1 mouse model are the response to the mutation causing plaque formation, not the cause for the plaque suggesting that they are less relevant in the context of early treatment and prevention then the metabolic changes observed only in humans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stojanovic, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taktek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khieu, N. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rennie, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakravarthy, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Costain, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cuperlovic-Culf, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.26.116525</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NMR Analysis of the Correlation of Metabolic Changes in Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid in Alzheimer Model Male and Female Mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.04.133892v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Synaptic dynamics as convolutional units 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.04.133892v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Short-term synaptic dynamics differ markedly across connections and strongly regulate how action potentials communicate information. To model the range of synaptic dynamics observed in experiments, we have developed a flexible mathematical framework based on a linear-nonlinear operation. This model can capture various experimentally observed features of synaptic dynamics and different types of heteroskedasticity. Despite its conceptual simplicity, we show that it is more adaptable than previous models. Combined with a standard maximum likelihood approach, synaptic dynamics can be accurately and efficiently characterized using naturalistic stimulation patterns. These results make explicit that synaptic processing bears algorithmic similarities with information processing in convolutional neural networks.

Author summaryUnderstanding how information is transmitted relies heavily on knowledge of the underlying regulatory synaptic dynamics. Existing computational models for capturing such dynamics are often either very complex or too restrictive. As a result, effectively capturing the different types of dynamics observed experimentally remains a challenging problem. Here, we propose a mathematically flexible linear-nonlinear model that is capable of efficiently characterizing synaptic dynamics. We demonstrate the ability of this model to capture different features of experimentally observed data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rossbroich, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trotter, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toth, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naud, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.04.133892</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Synaptic dynamics as convolutional units]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.10.145045v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptional heterogeneity of stemness phenotypes in the ovarian epithelium 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.10.145045v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) is a monolayer of epithelial cells covering the surface of the ovary. During ovulation, the OSE is ruptured to allow release of the oocyte. This wound is quickly repaired, but mechanisms of this repair are poorly understood. The contribution of tissue-resident stem cells in the homeostasis of several epithelial tissues is widely accepted, such as the intestinal epithelium, airway epithelium, and skin, but their involvement in OSE maintenance is unclear. While putative stem cell populations in the OSE have been described, how they are regulated is poorly defined. We show that traits associated with stem cells (stemness) can be increased in OSE following exposure to the cytokine TGFB1, overexpression of the transcription factor Snai1, or deletion of Brca1. By assessing the gene expression profiles of these populations, we show that stemness is often linked to mesenchymal-associated gene expression and higher activation of ERK signalling, but it is not consistently dependent on their activation. Expression profiles of these populations are extremely context specific, suggesting that stemness may not correspond to a single, distinct population, but rather is a heterogenous state that can possibly emerge from diverse environmental cues. Together, these findings support that the OSE may not require distinct stem cell populations for long-term maintenance, and may achieve this through transient dedifferentiation into a stem-like state.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Carter, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cook, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCloskey, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collins, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gamwell, L. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dempster, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vanderhyden, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.10.145045</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptional heterogeneity of stemness phenotypes in the ovarian epithelium]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.11.106476v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Time meets space: brain dynamics drive spatial topography 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.11.106476v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Unlike the brains faster frequencies, the exact role of its more powerful infraslow frequencies (ISF, 0.01 - 0.1Hz) in information processing remains poorly understood. Do and how ISF process information? We investigate information processing and related temporal dynamics of ISF in resting and task state fMRI. To quantify information, we apply the Lempel-Ziv complexity (LZC), a measure of signal compression indexing information. The LZC is combined with direct measurement of the dynamics of ISF themselves, namely their power spectral density by median frequency (MF). We demonstrate the following: (I) topographical differences in resting state between higher- and lower-order networks, showing statistically lower LZC in the former; (II) task-related changes in LZC; (III) modulation of LZC associated with MF changes, with low and high MF resting-state values correlated with different degrees of LZC change. In sum, we provide evidence that ISF carry and process information as mediated through their temporal dynamics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Golesorkhi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tumati, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez-Pilar, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stamatakis, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Northoff, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.11.106476</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Time meets space: brain dynamics drive spatial topography]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.12.148866v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Temporal hierarchy converges with spatial hierarchy: Intrinsic neural timescales follow core-periphery organization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.12.148866v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human cortex exhibits intrinsic neural timescales that shape a temporal hierarchy. Whether this temporal hierarchy follows the spatial hierarchy of its topography namely the core-periphery organization remains an open issue. Using Magnetoencephalography data, we investigate intrinsic neural timescales during rest and task states; we measure the autocorrelation window in short (ACW-50) and, introducing a novel variant, long (ACW-0) windows. We demonstrate longer ACW-50 and ACW-0 in networks located at the core compared to those at the periphery with rest and task states showing a high ACW correlation. Calculating rest-task differences, i.e., subtracting the shared core-periphery organization, reveals task-specific ACW changes in distinct networks. Finally, employing kernel density estimation, machine learning, and simulation, we demonstrate that ACW-0 exhibits better prediction in classifying a regions time window as core or periphery. Overall, our findings provide fundamental insight into how the human cortexs temporal hierarchy converges with its spatial core-periphery hierarchy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Golesorkhi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez-Pilar, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tumati, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fraser, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Northoff, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.12.148866</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Temporal hierarchy converges with spatial hierarchy: Intrinsic neural timescales follow core-periphery organization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.13.149591v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Coronavirus genomes carry the signatures of their habitats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.13.149591v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2 regularly infect host tissues that express antiviral proteins (AVPs) in abundance. Understanding how they evolve to adapt or evade host immune responses is important in the effort to control the spread of COVID-19. Two AVPs that may shape viral genomes are the zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP) and the apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme-catalytic polypeptide-like 3 protein (APOBEC3). The former binds to CpG dinucleotides to facilitate the degradation of viral transcripts while the latter deaminates C into U residues leading to dysfunctional transcripts. We tested the hypothesis that both APOBEC3 and ZAP may act as primary selective pressures that shape the genome of an infecting coronavirus by considering a comprehensive number of publicly available genomes for seven coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS, Bovine CoV, Murine MHV, Porcine HEV, and Canine CoV). We show that coronaviruses that regularly infect tissues with abundant AVPs have CpG-deficient and U-rich genomes; whereas viruses that do not infect tissues with abundant AVPs do not share these sequence hallmarks. In SARS-CoV-2, CpG is most deficient in the S protein region to evaded ZAP-mediated antiviral defense during cell entry. Furthermore, over four months of SARS-CoV-2 evolutionary history, we observed a marked increase in C to U substitutions in the 5 UTR and ORF1ab regions. This suggests that the two regions could be under constant C to U deamination by APOBEC3. The evolutionary pressures exerted by host immune systems onto viral genomes may motivate novel strategies for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wei, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silke, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aris, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.13.149591</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Coronavirus genomes carry the signatures of their habitats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.14.151266v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Autumn larval cold tolerance does not predict the northern range limit of a widespread butterfly species 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.14.151266v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Climate change is driving range shifts, and a lack of cold tolerance is hypothesized to constrain insect range expansion at poleward latitudes. However, few, if any, studies have tested this hypothesis during autumn when organisms are subjected to sporadic low temperature exposure but may not have become cold tolerant yet. In this study, we integrated organismal thermal tolerance measures into species distribution models for larvae of the Giant Swallowtail butterfly, Papilio cresphontes, living at the northern edge of its actively expanding range. Cold hardiness of field-collected larvae was determined using three common metrics of cold-induced physiological thresholds: the supercooling point (SCP), critical thermal minimum (CTmin), and survival following cold exposure. P. cresphontes larvae in autumn have a CTmin of 2.14{degrees}C, and were determined to be tolerant of chilling. These larvae have a SCP of -6.6{degrees}C and can survive prolonged exposure to -2{degrees}C. They generally die, however, at temperatures below their SCP (-8{degrees}C), suggesting they are chill tolerant or modestly freeze avoidant. Using this information, we examined the importance of low temperatures at a broad scale, by comparing species distribution models of P. cresphontes based only on environmental data derived from other sources to models that also included the cold tolerance parameters generated experimentally. Our modelling revealed that growing degree-days and precipitation best predicted the distribution of P. cresphontes, while the cold tolerance variables did not explain much variation in habitat suitability. As such, the modelling results were consistent with our experimental results: low temperatures in autumn are unlikely to limit the distribution of P. cresphontes. Further investigation into the ecological relevance of the physiological thresholds determined here will help determine how climate limits the distribution of P. cresphontes. Understanding the factors that limit species distributions is key to predicting how climate change will drive species range shifts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tremblay, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacMillan, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kharouba, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.14.151266</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Autumn larval cold tolerance does not predict the northern range limit of a widespread butterfly species]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.26.173088v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamics of a neuronal pacemaker in the weakly electric fish Apteronotus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.26.173088v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The precise timing of neuronal activity is critical for normal brain function. In weakly electric fish, the medullary pacemaker network (PN) sets the timing for an oscillating electric organ discharge (EOD) used for electric sensing. This network is the most precise biological oscillator known, with sub-microsecond variation in oscillator period. The PN consists of two principle sets of neurons, pacemaker and relay cells, that are connected by gap junctions and normally fire in synchrony, one-to-one with each EOD cycle. However, the degree of gap junctional connectivity between these cells appears insufficient to provide the population averaging required for the observed temporal precision of the EOD. This has led to the hypothesis that individual cells themselves fire with high precision, but little is known about the oscillatory dynamics of these pacemaker cells. To this end, we have developed a biophysical model of a pacemaker neuron action potential based on experimental recordings. We validated the model by comparing the changes in oscillatory dynamics produced by different experimental manipulations. Our results suggest that a relatively simple model captures the complex dynamics exhibited by pacemaker cells, and that these dynamics may enhance network synchrony and precision.

Author summaryMany neural networks in the brain exhibit activity patterns which oscillate regularly in time. These oscillations, like a clock, can provide a precise sense of time, enabling drummers to maintain complex beat patterns and pets to anticipate "feeding time". The exact mechanisms by which brain networks give rise to these biological clocks are not clear. The pacemaker network of weakly electric fish has the highest precision of all known biological clocks. In this study, we develop a detailed biophysical model of neurons in the pacemaker network. We then validate the model against experiments using a nonlinear dynamics approach. Our results show that pacemaker precision is due, at least in part, to how individual pacemaker cells generate their activity. This supports the idea that temporal precision in this network is not solely an emergent property of the network but also relies on the dynamics of individual neurons.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shifman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benoit, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.26.173088</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamics of a neuronal pacemaker in the weakly electric fish Apteronotus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.26.174342v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NK cells acquire PD-1 from the membrane of tumor cells. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.26.174342v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Leucocytes often perform trogocytosis, the process by which cells acquire parts of the plasma membrane from interacting cells. Accumulating evidence indicates that trogocytosis modulates immune responses, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. Here, using two mouse models of leukemia, we found that cytotoxic lymphocytes perform trogocytosis at high rates with tumor cells. While performing trogocytosis, both Natural Killer and CD8+ T cells acquire the checkpoint receptor PD-1 from leukemia cells. In vitro and in vivo investigation revealed that PD-1 protein found on the surface of Natural Killer cells, rather than being endogenously expressed, was derived entirely from leukemia cells. Mechanistically, SLAM receptors were essential for PD-1 trogocytosis. PD-1 acquired via trogocytosis actively suppressed anti-tumor immunity, as revealed by the positive outcome of PD-1 blockade in PD-1-deficient mice. PD-1 trogocytosis was corroborated in patients with clonal plasma cell disorders, where Natural Killer cells that stained for PD-1 also stained for tumor cell markers. Our results, in addition to shedding light on a previously unappreciated mechanism underlying the presence of PD-1 on Natural Killer and cytotoxic T cells, reveal the immune-regulatory effect of membrane transfer occurring when immune cells contact tumor cells.

Once sentence summaryNatural Killer cells are inhibited by PD-1 acquired from the surface of tumor cells via trogocytosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hasim, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vulpis, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sciume, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shih, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacMillan, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petrucci, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santoni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zingoni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ardolino, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.26.174342</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NK cells acquire PD-1 from the membrane of tumor cells.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.07.192245v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PCB126-mediated effects on adipocyte energy metabolism and adipokine secretion may result in abnormal glucose uptake in muscle cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.07.192245v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundExposure to coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is linked to the development of insulin resistance. Previous studies suggested that PCB126 alters muscle mitochondrial function through an indirect mechanism. Since PCBs are stored in fat, we hypothesized that PCB126 alters adipokine secretion, which in turn affects muscle metabolism.

ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were: 1) To study the impacts of PCB126 exposure on adipocyte cytokine/adipokine secretion; 2) To determine whether adipocyte-derived factors alter glucose metabolism and mitochondrial function in myotubes when exposed to PCB126; 3) To determine whether pre-established insulin resistance alters the metabolic responses of adipocytes exposed to PCB126 and the communication between adipocytes and myotubes.

Method3T3-L1 adipocytes were exposed to PCB126 (1-100 nM) in two insulin sensitivity conditions (insulin sensitive (IS) and insulin resistant (IR) adipocytes), followed by the measurement of secreted adipokines, mitochondrial function and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Communication between adipocytes and myotubes was reproduced by exposing C2C12 or mouse primary myotubes to conditioned medium (CM) derived from IS or IR 3T3-L1 adipocytes exposed to PCB126. Mitochondrial function and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake were then determined in myotubes.

ResultsPCB126 significantly increased adipokine (adiponectin, IL-6, MCP-1, TNF-) secretion and decreased mitochondrial function, glucose uptake and glycolysis in IR but not in IS 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Altered energy metabolism in IR 3T3-L1 adipocytes was linked to decreased phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) and increased superoxide dismutase 2 levels, an enzyme involved in reactive oxygen species detoxification. Exposure of myotubes to CM from PCB126-treated IR adipocytes decreased glucose uptake, without altering glycolysis or mitochondrial function. Interestingly, p-AMPK levels were increased rather than decreased in myotubes exposed to the CM of PCB126-treated IR adipocytes.

ConclusionTaken together, these data suggest that increased adipokine secretion from IR adipocytes exposed to PCB126 may explain impaired glucose uptake in myotubes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Caron, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmed, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peshdary, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garneau, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atlas, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.07.192245</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PCB126-mediated effects on adipocyte energy metabolism and adipokine secretion may result in abnormal glucose uptake in muscle cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.08.194100v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MARCKS domain phosphorylation regulates the differential interaction of Diacylglycerol Kinase ζ with Rac1, RhoA and Syntrophin 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.08.194100v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cells can switch between Rac1, lamellipodia-based and RhoA, blebbing-based migration modes but the molecular mechanisms regulating this choice are not fully understood. Diacylglycerol kinase {zeta} (DGK{zeta}), which phosphorylates diacylglycerol to yield phosphatidic acid, forms independent complexes with Rac1 and RhoA, selectively dissociating each from RhoGDI. DGK{zeta} catalytic activity is required for Rac1 dissociation but is dispensable for RhoA dissociation. Instead, DGK{zeta} functions as a scaffold that stimulates RhoA release by enhancing RhoGDI phosphorylation by protein kinase C (PKC). Here, PKC-mediated phosphorylation of the DGK{zeta} MARCKS domain increased DGK{zeta} association with RhoA and decreased its interaction with Rac1. The same modification increased binding of the DGK{zeta} C-terminus to the 1-syntrophin PDZ domain. Expression of a phosphomimetic DGK{zeta} mutant stimulated membrane blebbing in mouse embryonic fibroblasts and C2C12 myoblasts, which was augmented by inhibition of endogenous Rac1. DGK{zeta} expression in differentiated C2 myotubes, which have low endogenous Rac1 levels, also induced substantial membrane blebbing via the Rho-ROCK pathway. These events were independent of DGK{zeta} catalytic activity, but dependent upon a functional C-terminal PDZ-binding motif. Rescue of RhoA activity in DGK{zeta}-null cells required the PDZ-binding motif, suggesting syntrophin interaction is necessary for optimal RhoA activation. Collectively, our results define a switch-like mechanism involving DGK{zeta} phosphorylation by PKC that favours RhoA-driven blebbing over Rac1-driven lamellipodia formation and macropinocytosis. These findings provide a mechanistic basis for the effect of PKC signaling on Rho GTPase activity and suggest PKC activity plays a role in the interconversion between Rac1 and RhoA signaling that underlies different migration modes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ryan Ard</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jean-Christian Maillet</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elias Daher</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael Phan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Radoslav Zinoviev</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robin J. Parks</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stephen H. Gee</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.08.194100</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MARCKS domain phosphorylation regulates the differential interaction of Diacylglycerol Kinase ζ with Rac1, RhoA and Syntrophin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.14.202200v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SMPD3-mediated extracellular vesicle biogenesis inhibits oligodendroglioma growth 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.14.202200v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant gliomas, including oligodendroglioma (IDH-O) and astrocytoma (IDH-A), have signature slow-growth rates that are poorly understood. Here, we reveal that SMPD3, a ceramide-producing sphingomyelinase implicated as a tumor suppressor gene and involved in extracellular vesicle biogenesis, suppresses IDH-mutant tumor growth via autocrine and paracrine actions. In patients with IDH-mutant gliomas, higher SMPD3 expression levels correlate with longer survival, consistent with ceramide acting as an anti-oncometabolite. SMPD3 knock-down in patient-derived IDH-O cells enhances proliferation cell-autonomously in 2D-culture and 3D-human cerebral organoids, and accelerates tumor growth in mouse orthotopic xenografts. Supporting paracrine actions, IDH-O-derived extracellular vesicles, enriched in ribosomal proteins, induce astrocytic death in vitro. Furthermore, non-neoplastic glia in IDH-O tumors proliferate abnormally yet undergo apoptosis, concomitant with the acquisition of a translation-enriched transcriptional signature by tumor-associated oligodendrocytes. SMPD3 thus suppresses IDH-mutant glioma growth cell-autonomously and phenotypically alters normal glia via extracellular vesicle biogenesis and paracrine actions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Balakrishnan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adnani, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chinchalongporn, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prokopchuk, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El-Sehemy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olender, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Touahri, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmad, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Islam, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sujanthan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zinyk, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Comanita, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fleming, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leong, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morshead, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brand, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallace, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schuurmans, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.14.202200</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SMPD3-mediated extracellular vesicle biogenesis inhibits oligodendroglioma growth]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.15.204487v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Myeloid deletion and therapeutic activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) do not alter atherosclerosis in male or female mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.15.204487v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveThe dysregulation of myeloid-derived cell metabolism can drive atherosclerosis. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) controls various aspects of macrophage dynamics and lipid homeostasis, which are important during atherogenesis.

Approach and ResultsWe aimed to clarify the role of myeloid-specific AMPK signaling by using LysM-Cre to drive the deletion of both the 1 and 2 catalytic subunits (MacKO), in male and female mice made acutely atherosclerotic by PCSK9-AAV and Western diet-feeding. After 6 weeks of Western diet feeding, half received daily injection of either the AMPK activator, A-769662 or a vehicle control for a further 6 weeks. After 12 weeks, myeloid cell populations were not different between genotype or sex. Similarly, aortic sinus plaque size, lipid staining and necrotic area were not different in male and female MacKO mice compared to their littermate floxed controls. Moreover, therapeutic intervention with A-769662 had no effect. There were no differences in the amount of circulating total cholesterol or triglyceride, and only minor differences in the levels of inflammatory cytokines between groups. Finally, CD68+ area or markers of autophagy showed no effect of either lacking AMPK signaling or systemic AMPK activation.

ConclusionsOur data suggest that while defined roles for each catalytic AMPK subunit have been identified, global deletion of myeloid AMPK signaling does not significantly impact atherosclerosis. Moreover, we show that intervention with the first-generation AMPK activator, A-769662, was not able to stem the progression of atherosclerosis.

Highlights- The deletion of both catalytic subunits of AMPK in myeloid cells has no significant effect on the progression of atherosclerosis in either male or female mice
- Therapeutic delivery of a first-generation AMPK activator (A-769662) for the last 6 weeks of 12-week study had no beneficial effect in either male or female mice
- Studying total AMPK deletion may mask specific effects of each isoform and highlights the need for targeted disruption of AMPK phosphorylation sites via knock-in mutations, rather than the traditional "sledgehammer" knockout approach
]]></description>
<dc:creator>LeBlond, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghorbani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Dwyer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ambursley, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nunes, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, T. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trzaskalski, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mulvihill, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benoit, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foretz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fullerton, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.15.204487</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Myeloid deletion and therapeutic activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) do not alter atherosclerosis in male or female mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.16.206458v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of SARS-CoV2-mediated suppression of NRF2 signaling reveals a potent antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity of 4-octyl-itaconate and dimethyl fumarate 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.16.206458v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Antiviral strategies to inhibit Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) and the pathogenic consequences of COVID-19 are urgently required. Here we demonstrate that the NRF2 anti-oxidant gene expression pathway is suppressed in biopsies obtained from COVID-19 patients. Further, we uncover that NRF2 agonists 4-octyl-itaconate (4-OI) and the clinically approved dimethyl fumarate (DMF) induce a cellular anti-viral program, which potently inhibits replication of SARS-CoV2 across cell lines. The anti-viral program extended to inhibit the replication of several other pathogenic viruses including Herpes Simplex Virus-1 and-2, Vaccinia virus, and Zika virus through a type I interferon (IFN)-independent mechanism. In addition, induction of NRF2 by 4-OI and DMF limited host inflammatory responses to SARS-CoV2 infection associated with airway COVID-19 pathology. In conclusion, NRF2 agonists 4-OI and DMF induce a distinct IFN-independent antiviral program that is broadly effective in limiting virus replication and suppressing the pro-inflammatory responses of human pathogenic viruses, including SARS-CoV2.

One Sentence SummaryNRF2 agonists 4-octyl-itaconate (4-OI) and dimethyl fumarate inhibited SARS-CoV2 replication and virus-induced inflammatory responses, as well as replication of other human pathogenic viruses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Olagnier, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farahani, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thyrsted, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cadanet, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herengt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Idorn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hait, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernaez, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knudsen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iversen, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schilling, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jorgensen, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomsen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reinert, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lappe, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoang, H.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilchrist, V. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, A.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ottosen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunderstofte, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moller, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Horst, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balachandran, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jakobsen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Svenningsen, E. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poulsen, T. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartsch, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thielke, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alain, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rehwinkel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alcami, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hiscott, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mogensen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paludan, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holm, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.16.206458</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of SARS-CoV2-mediated suppression of NRF2 signaling reveals a potent antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity of 4-octyl-itaconate and dimethyl fumarate]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.28.225888v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SMAD2 promotes myogenin expression and terminal myogenic differentiation. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.28.225888v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SMAD2 is a transcription factor whose activity is regulated by members of the Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF{beta}) superfamily. While activation of SMAD2 and SMAD3 downstream of TGF{beta} or myostatin signaling is known to inhibit myogenesis, we find that SMAD2 in the absence of TGF{beta} signaling promotes terminal myogenic differentiation. We find that during myogenic differentiation, SMAD2 expression is induced. Knockout of SMAD2 expression in primary myoblasts did not affect the efficiency of myogenic differentiation but produced smaller myotubes with reduced expression of the terminal differentiation marker myogenin. Conversely, overexpression of SMAD2 stimulated myogenin expression, and enhanced both differentiation and fusion, and these effects were independent of classical activation by the TGF{beta} receptor complex. Loss of Smad2 in muscle satellite cells in vivo resulted in decreased muscle fiber caliber and impaired regeneration after acute injury. Taken together, we demonstrate that SMAD2 is an important positive regulator of myogenic differentiation, in part through the regulation of Myog.

SUMMARY STATEMENTTGF{beta} and SMAD2 are normally associated with inhibition of myogenesis. Our work identifies a pro-myogenic role for SMAD2 during terminal myogenic differentiation, through regulation of Myog and Klf4 expression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lamarche, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>AlSudais, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajgara, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Omaiche, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiper-Bergeron, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.28.225888</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SMAD2 promotes myogenin expression and terminal myogenic differentiation.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.30.229633v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetically-encoded fluorescent biosensor for rapid detection of protein expression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.30.229633v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fluorescent proteins are widely used as fusion tags to detect protein expression in vivo. To become fluorescent, these proteins must undergo chromophore maturation, a slow process with a half-time of 5 to >30 min that causes delays in real-time detection of protein expression. Here, we engineer a genetically-encoded fluorescent biosensor to enable detection of protein expression within seconds in live cells. This sensor for transiently-expressed proteins (STEP) is based on a fully matured but dim green fluorescent protein in which pre-existing fluorescence increases 11-fold in vivo following the specific and rapid binding of a protein tag (Kd 120 nM, kon 1.7 x 105 M-1s-1). In live E. coli cells, our STEP biosensor enables detection of protein expression twice as fast as the use of standard fluorescent protein fusions. Our biosensor opens the door to the real-time study of short-timescale processes in research model animals with high spatiotemporal resolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Eason, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pandelieva, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayer, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khan, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, H. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chica, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.30.229633</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetically-encoded fluorescent biosensor for rapid detection of protein expression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.05.238246v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Facile Method for Simultaneous Visualization of Wet Cells and Nanostructured Biomaterials in SEM using Ionic Liquids 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.05.238246v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This work presents a successful methodology to image mammalian cells adhered to nanostructured biomaterials using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) operating in low-vacuum mode following ionic liquid treatment. Human osteoblast-like Saos-2 cells were treated with a room-temperature ionic liquid, 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, and subsequently imaged on titanium utilizing SEM. Titanium substrates were modified to create laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) for visualizing at the sub-micron scale. Using a combination of fluorescence-based cell metabolism along with light microscopy and SEM image analysis, the shape and location of irradiated cells were confirmed to be unchanged after multiple irradiation sessions while the viability of minimally irradiated cells was unaltered. The wet imaging conditions combined with a rapid facile protocol using ionic liquid allows this technique to fulfill a niche in examining cellular behavior on biomaterials with sub-micron surface features. The demonstrated method to track observed cell adhesion to sub-micron surface features with SEM has great implications for the understanding of cell migration on nanostructured surfaces as well as on the exploration of simpler SEM preparation methods for cellular imaging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, B. E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DiCecco, L.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Exir, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weck, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sask, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grandfield, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.05.238246</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Facile Method for Simultaneous Visualization of Wet Cells and Nanostructured Biomaterials in SEM using Ionic Liquids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.13.244640v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Foam cell induction activates AMPK but uncouples its regulation of autophagy and lysosomal homeostasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.13.244640v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The dysregulation of macrophage lipid metabolism drives atherosclerosis. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a master regulator of cellular energetics and plays essential roles regulating macrophage lipid dynamics. Here, we investigated the consequences of atherogenic lipoprotein-induced foam cell formation on downstream immunometabolic signaling in primary mouse macrophages. A variety of atherogenic low-density lipoproteins (acetylated, oxidized and aggregated forms) activated AMPK signaling in a manner that was in part, due to CD36 and calcium-related signaling. In quiescent macrophages, basal AMPK signaling was crucial for maintaining markers of lysosomal homeostasis, as well as levels of key components in the lysosomal expression and regulation network. Moreover, AMPK activation resulted in targeted up-regulation of members of this network via transcription factor EB. However, in lipid-induced macrophage foam cells, neither basal AMPK signaling nor its activation affected lysosomal-associated programs. These results suggest that while the sum of AMPK signaling in cultured macrophages may be anti-atherogenic, atherosclerotic input dampens the regulatory capacity of AMPK signaling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>LeBlond, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nunes, J. R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, T. K. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robichaud, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gadde, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cote, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kemp, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouimet, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fullerton, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.13.244640</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Foam cell induction activates AMPK but uncouples its regulation of autophagy and lysosomal homeostasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.25.266841v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Synchronization and resilience in the Kuramotowhite matter network model with adaptivestate-dependent delays 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.25.266841v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
White matter pathways form a complex network of myelinated axons that regulate signal transmission in the nervous system and play a key role in behaviour and cognition. Recent evidence reveals that white matter networks are adaptive and that myelin remodels itself in an activity-dependent way, during both developmental stages and later on through behaviour and learning. As a result, axonal conduction delays continuously adjust in order to regulate the timing of neural signals propagating between different brain areas. This delay plasticity mechanism has yet to be integrated in computational neural models, where conduction delays are oftentimes constant or simply ignored. As a first approach to adaptive white matter remodelling, we modified the canonical Kuramoto model by enabling all connections with adaptive, phase-dependent delays. We analyzed the equilibria and stability of this system, and applied our results to two oscillator and large dimensional networks. Our joint mathematical and numerical analysis demonstrates that plastic delays act as a stabilizing mechanism promoting the networks ability to maintain synchronous activity. Our work also shows that global synchronization is more resilient to perturbations and injury towards network architecture. Our results provide key insights about the analysis and potential significance of activity-dependent myelination in large-scale brain synchrony.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Park, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lefebvre, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.25.266841</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Synchronization and resilience in the Kuramotowhite matter network model with adaptivestate-dependent delays]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.04.283242v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The lysosomal TRPML1 channel promotes breast cancer survival by supporting mitochondrial function and cellular metabolism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.04.283242v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype representing approximately 10%-20% of breast cancers and lacking effective therapies. TRPML1, which is a lysosomal Ca2+ release channel upregulated in TNBC, promotes TNBC tumor growth. Here we show a novel crosstalk between lysosomes and mitochondria mediated by TRPML1 in TNBC. TRPML1 is required for the maintenance of mitochondrial function and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis. TRPML1 knockdown inhibits TNBC mitochondrial respiration, glycolysis and ATP production, leading to reduced proliferation, promotion of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis with enhanced global and mitochondrial ROS. Further, TRPML1 downregulation enhances the cytotoxic effect of Doxorubicin in TNBC cells. Our data reveal a hitherto unknown link between lysosomal TRPML1 channels and mitochondrial metabolism and suggest that TRPML1 inhibition in combination with established chemotherapies could be an effective strategy against TNBC tumors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Almasi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kennedy, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoast, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emrich, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trebak, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El Hiani, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.04.283242</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The lysosomal TRPML1 channel promotes breast cancer survival by supporting mitochondrial function and cellular metabolism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.12.294587v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chronic low-dose dioxin exposure accelerates high fat diet-induced hyperglycemia in female mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.12.294587v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveHuman studies consistently show an association between exposure to persistent organic pollutants, including 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD, aka "dioxin"), and increased diabetes risk, but rarely consider potential sex differences. We previously showed that a single high-dose TCDD exposure (20 {micro}g/kg) decreased plasma insulin levels in both male and female mice in vivo, but effects on glucose homeostasis were sex-dependent. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether prolonged exposure to a physiologically relevant low-dose of TCDD impacts glucose homeostasis and/or the islet phenotype in a sex-dependent manner in either chow-fed or high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice.

MethodsMale and female mice were exposed to 20 ng/kg/d TCDD 2x/week for 12 weeks and simultaneously fed standard chow or a 45% HFD. Glucose homeostasis was assessed by glucose and insulin tolerance tests, and glucose-induced plasma insulin levels were measured in vivo. Histological analysis was performed on pancreas from male and female mice, and islets were isolated from females at 12 weeks for Tempo-Seq(R) analysis.

ResultsLow-dose TCDD exposure did not lead to adverse metabolic consequences in chow-fed male or female mice, or in HFD-fed males. However, TCDD accelerated the onset of HFD-induced hyperglycemia and impaired glucose-induced plasma insulin levels in female mice. TCDD caused a modest increase in islet area in males irrespective of diet, but reduced % beta cell area within islets in females. RNAseq analysis of female islets also revealed abnormal changes to endocrine and metabolic pathways in TCDD-exposed HFD-fed females compared chow-fed females.

ConclusionsOur data suggest that prolonged low-dose TCDD exposure has minimal effects on glucose homeostasis and islet morphology in chow-fed male and female mice, but promotes maladaptive metabolic responses in HFD-fed females.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Matteo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoyeck, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blair, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zebarth, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rick, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gagne, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buick, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yauk, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruin, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.12.294587</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chronic low-dose dioxin exposure accelerates high fat diet-induced hyperglycemia in female mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.17.302737v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Wheat transcriptome profiling reveals abscisic and gibberellic acid treatments regulate early-stage phytohormone defense signaling, cell wall fortification, and metabolic switches following Fusarium graminearum-challenge 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.17.302737v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundApplication of the wheat phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA) or gibberellic acid (GA) affect Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease severity; however, the molecular underpinnings of the elicited phenotypes remain unclear. Herein, the transcriptomic responses of an FHB-susceptible wheat cultivar  Fielder were characterized upon treatment with ABA, an ABA receptor antagonist (AS6), or GA in the presence or absence of Fusarium graminearum (Fg) challenge.

ResultsA total of 30,876 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) where identified in  Fielder (26,004) and Fg (4,872). Fg challenge alone resulted in the most substantial wheat DEGs contributing to 57.2% of the total transcriptomic variation. Using a combination of topology overlap and correlation analyses, 9,689 Fg-related wheat DEGs were defined. Further enrichment analysis of the top 1% networked wheat DEGs identified critical expression changes within defense responses, cell structural metabolism, molecular transport, and membrane/lipid metabolism. Fg-challenged conditions also included the expression of a putative Fg ABA-biosynthetic cytochrome P450 and repression of wheat FUS3 for dysregulating ABA and GA crosstalk. ABA treatment alone elicited 4536 (32%) wheat DEGs common to those of the Fg-challenge, and Fg+ABA further enhanced 888 (12.5%) of them. These ABA elicited DEGs are involved in defense through both classical and non-classical phytohormone signaling and regulating cell wall structures including polyphenolic metabolism. Conversely, Fg+GA opposed 2239 (33%) Fg-elicited wheat DEGs, including modulating primary and secondary metabolism, defense responses, and flowering genes. ABA and jointly ABAFg[Fg+ABA] treatments repressed, while Fg+GA induced an over-representation of wheat DEGs mapping to chromosome 6BL. Finally, compared to Fg+ABA, co-application of Fg+AS6 did not antagonize ABA biosynthesis or signal but rather elicited antagonistic Fg (557) and wheat (11) DEGs responses directly tied to stress responses, phytohormone transport, and FHB.

ConclusionsComparative transcriptomics highlight the effects of wheat phytohormones on individual pathway and global metabolism simultaneously. Application of ABA may reduce FHB severity through misregulating defense mechanisms and cell wall fortification pathways. GA application may alter primary and secondary metabolism, creating a metabolic shift to ultimately reduce FHB severity. By comparing these findings to those previously reported for four additional plant genotypes, an additive model of the wheat-Fg interaction is proposed.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Buhrow, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cram, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foroud, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loewen, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.17.302737</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Wheat transcriptome profiling reveals abscisic and gibberellic acid treatments regulate early-stage phytohormone defense signaling, cell wall fortification, and metabolic switches following Fusarium graminearum-challenge]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.22.301762v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pioglitazone improves deficits of Fmr1-KO mouse model of Fragile X syndrome by interfering with excessive diacylglycerol signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.22.301762v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fragile X syndrome (FXS), the leading cause of familial intellectual disability, is an uncured disease caused by the absence or loss of function of the FMRP protein. FMRP is an RNA binding protein that controls the translation of specific proteins in neurons. A main target of FMRP in neurons is diacylglycerol kinase kappa (DGKk) and the loss of FMRP leads to a loss of DGK activity causing a diacylglycerol excess in the brain. Excessive diacylglycerol signaling could be a significant contributor to the pathomechanism of FXS. Here we tested the contribution of DAG-signaling in Fmr1-KO mouse model of FXS and we show that pioglitazone, a widely prescribed drug for type 2 diabetes, has ability to correct excessive DAG signaling in the brain and rescue behavioral alterations of the Fmr1-KO mouse. This study highlights the role of lipid signaling homeostasis in FXS and provides arguments to support the testing of pioglitazone for treatment of FXS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Geoffroy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Habbas, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zambo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schramm, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duchon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flatter, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fouillen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zumsteg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heintz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mandel, J.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herault, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moine, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.22.301762</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pioglitazone improves deficits of Fmr1-KO mouse model of Fragile X syndrome by interfering with excessive diacylglycerol signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.29.318931v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Computational identification of human biological processes and protein sequence motifs putatively targeted by SARS-CoV-2 proteins using protein-protein interaction networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.29.318931v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While the COVID-19 pandemic is causing important loss of life, knowledge of the effects of the causative SARS-CoV-2 virus on human cells is currently limited. Investigating protein-protein interactions (PPIs) between viral and host proteins can provide a better understanding of the mechanisms exploited by the virus and enable the identification of potential drug targets. We therefore performed an in-depth computational analysis of the interactome of SARS-CoV-2 and human proteins in infected HEK293 cells published by Gordon et al. to reveal processes that are potentially affected by the virus and putative protein binding sites. Specifically, we performed a set of network-based functional and sequence motif enrichment analyses on SARS-CoV-2-interacting human proteins and on a PPI network generated by supplementing viral-host PPIs with known interactions. Using a novel implementation of our GoNet algorithm, we identified 329 Gene Ontology terms for which the SARS-CoV-2-interacting human proteins are significantly clustered in the network. Furthermore, we present a novel protein sequence motif discovery approach, LESMoN-Pro, that identified 9 amino acid motifs for which the associated proteins are clustered in the network. Together, these results provide insights into the processes and sequence motifs that are putatively implicated in SARS-CoV-2 infection and could lead to potential therapeutic targets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nadeau, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shahryari Fard, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hashimoto-Roth, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nygard, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abramchuk, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, Y.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, S. A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavallee-Adam, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.29.318931</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Computational identification of human biological processes and protein sequence motifs putatively targeted by SARS-CoV-2 proteins using protein-protein interaction networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.05.325613v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Connectivity for Rapid Synchronization in a Neural Pacemaker Network 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.05.325613v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Synchronization is a fundamental property of biological neural networks, playing a mechanistic role in both healthy and disease brain states. The medullary pacemaker nucleus of the weakly electric fish is a synchronized network of high-frequency neurons, weakly coupled via gap junctions. Synchrony in the pacemaker is behaviourally modulated on millisecond timescales, but how gap junctional connectivity enables such rapid resynchronization speeds is poorly understood. Here, we use a computational model of the pacemaker, along with graph theory and predictive analyses, to investigate how network properties, such as randomness and the directionality of coupling (bidirectional/non-rectifying versus directional/rectifying gap junctions) characterize the fast synchronization of the pacemaker network. Our results provide predictions about connectivity in the pacemaker and insight into the relationship between structural network properties and synchronization dynamics in neural systems more generally.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Williams, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shifman, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.05.325613</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Connectivity for Rapid Synchronization in a Neural Pacemaker Network]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.06.327825v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transmembrane polar relay drives the allosteric regulation for ABCG5/G8 sterol transporter 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.06.327825v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The heterodimeric ATP-binding cassette (ABC) sterol transporter, ABCG5/G8, is responsible for the biliary and transintestinal secretion of cholesterol and dietary plant sterols. Missense mutations of ABCG5/G8 can cause sitosterolemia, a loss-of-function disorder characterized by plant sterol accumulation and premature atherosclerosis. A new molecular framework was recently established by a crystal structure of human ABCG5/G8 and reveals a network of polar and charged amino acids in the core of the transmembrane domains, namely polar relay. In this study, we utilize genetic variants to dissect the mechanistic role of this transmembrane polar relay in controlling ABCG5/G8 function. We demonstrated a sterol-coupled ATPase activity of ABCG5/G8 by cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHS), a relatively water-soluble cholesterol memetic, and characterized CHS-coupled ATPase activity of three loss-of-function missense variants, R543S, E146Q, and A540F, which are respectively within, in contact with, and distant from the polar relay. The results established an in vitro phenotype of the loss-of-function and missense mutations of ABCG5/G8, showing significantly impaired ATPase activity and loss of energy sufficient to weaken the signal transmission from the transmembrane domains. Our data provide a biochemical evidence underlying the importance of the polar relay and its network in regulating the catalytic activity of ABCG5/G8 sterol transporter.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xavier, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zein, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venes, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.06.327825</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transmembrane polar relay drives the allosteric regulation for ABCG5/G8 sterol transporter]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.08.332528v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Common physiological processes control mercury reduction during photosynthesis and fermentation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.08.332528v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mercury (Hg) is a global pollutant and potent neurotoxin that bioaccumulates in food webs as monomethylmercury (MeHg). The production of MeHg is driven by anaerobic and Hg redox cycling pathways such as Hg reduction, which control the availability of Hg to methylators. Anaerobes play an important role in Hg reduction in methylation hotspots, yet their contributions remain underappreciated due to how challenging these pathways are to study in the absence of dedicated genetic targets and low levels of Hg0 in anoxic environments. In this study we used Hg stable isotope fractionation to explore Hg reduction during anoxygenic photosynthesis and fermentation in the model anaerobe Heliobacterium modesticaldum Ice1. We show that cells preferentially reduce lighter Hg isotopes in both metabolisms leading to mass-dependent fractionation, but mass-independent fractionation commonly induced by UV-visible light is absent. We show that isotope fractionation is affected by the interplay between pathways controlling Hg recruitment, accessibility, and availability alongside metabolic redox reactions. The combined contributions of these processes lead to isotopic enrichment during anoxygenic photosynthesis that is in between the values reported for anaerobic respiratory microbial Hg reduction and abiotic photoreduction. Isotope enrichment during fermentation is closer to what has been observed in aerobic bacteria that reduce Hg through dedicated detoxification pathways. These results demonstrate that common controls exist at the atomic level for Hg reduction during photosynthesis and fermentation in H. modesticaldum. Our work suggests that similar controls likely underpin diverse microbe-mediated Hg transformations that affect Hgs fate in oxic and anoxic habitats.

IMPORTANCEAnaerobic and photosynthetic bacteria that reduce mercury affect mercury delivery to microbes in methylation sites that drive bioaccumulation in food webs. Anaerobic mercury reduction pathways remain underappreciated in the current view of the global mercury cycle because they are challenging to study, bearing no dedicated genetic targets to establish physiological mechanisms. In this study we used stable isotopes to show that common physiological processes control mercury reduction during photosynthesis and fermentation in the model anaerobe Heliobacterium modesticaldum Ice1. The sensitivity of isotope analyses highlighted the subtle contribution of mercury uptake towards the isotope signature associated with anaerobic mercury reduction. When considered alongside the isotope signatures associated with microbial pathways for which genetic determinants have been identified, our findings underscore the narrow range of isotope enrichment that is characteristic of microbial mercury transformations. This suggests that there exist common atomic-level controls for biological mercury transformations across a broad range of geochemical conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gregoire, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janssen, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavoie, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tate, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poulain, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.08.332528</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Common physiological processes control mercury reduction during photosynthesis and fermentation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.15.341362v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-throughput transcriptomic evaluation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in primary human liver spheroids to inform read-across 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.15.341362v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widely found in the environment because of their extensive use and persistence. Although several PFAS are well studied, most lack toxicity data to inform human health hazard and risk assessment. This study focussed on four model PFAS: perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA; 8 carbon), perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS; 4 carbon), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS; 8 carbon), and perfluorodecane sulfonate (PFDS; 10 carbon). Human primary liver cell spheroids (pooled from 10 donors) were exposed to 10 concentrations of each PFAS and analyzed at four time-points. The approach aimed to: (1) identify gene expression changes mediated by the PFAS; (2) identify similarities in biological responses; (3) compare PFAS potency through benchmark concentration analysis; and (4) derive bioactivity exposure ratios (ratio of the concentration at which biological responses occur, relative to daily human exposure). All PFAS induced transcriptional changes in cholesterol biosynthesis and lipid metabolism pathways, and predicted PPAR activation. PFOS exhibited the most transcriptional activity and had a highly similar gene expression profile to PFDS. PFBS induced the least transcriptional changes and the highest benchmark concentration (i.e., was the least potent). The data indicate that these PFAS may have common molecular targets and toxicities, but that PFOS and PFDS are the most similar. The transcriptomic bioactivity exposure ratios derived here for PFOA and PFOS were comparable to those derived using rodent apical endpoints in risk assessments. These data provide a baseline level of toxicity for comparison with other known PFAS using this testing strategy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rowan-Carroll, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Readon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leingartner, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gagne, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bourdon-lacombe, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moffat, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carrier, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nong, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>lorusso, l.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferguson, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atlas, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yauk, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.15.341362</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-throughput transcriptomic evaluation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in primary human liver spheroids to inform read-across]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.16.342675v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Physical activity and general cognitive functioning: A Mendelian Randomization study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.16.342675v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Physical activity and cognitive functioning are strongly intertwined. However, the causal relationships underlying this association are still unclear. Physical activity can enhance brain functions, but healthy cognition may also promote engagement in physical activity. Here, we assessed the bidirectional relationships between physical activity and general cognitive functioning using Latent Heritable Confounder Mendelian Randomization (LHC-MR). Association data were drawn from two large-scale genome-wide association studies (UK Biobank and COGENT) on accelerometer-measured moderate, vigorous, and average physical activity (N = 91,084) and cognitive functioning (N = 257,841). After Bonferroni correction, we observed significant LHC-MR associations suggesting that increased fraction of both moderate (b = 0.32, CI95% = [0.17,0.47], P = 2.89e-05) and vigorous physical activity (b = 0.22, CI95% = [0.06,0.37], P = 0.007) lead to increased cognitive functioning. In contrast, we found no evidence of a causal effect of average physical activity on cognitive functioning, and no evidence of a reverse causal effect (cognitive functioning on any physical activity measures). These findings provide new evidence supporting a beneficial role of moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) on cognitive functioning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cheval, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darrous, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klimentidis, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raichlen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexander, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cullati, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kutalik, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boisgontier, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.16.342675</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Physical activity and general cognitive functioning: A Mendelian Randomization study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.20.347328v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-throughput transcriptomics and benchmark concentration modeling for potency ranking of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in exposed human liver cell spheroids 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.20.347328v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are some of the most prominent organic contaminants in human blood. Although the toxicological implications from human exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) are well established, data on lesser-understood PFAS are limited. New approach methodologies (NAMs) that apply bioinformatic tools to high-throughput data are being increasingly considered to inform risk assessment for data-poor chemicals. The aim of this investigation was to identify biological response potencies (i.e., benchmark concentrations: BMCs) following PFAS exposures to inform read-across for risk assessment of data-poor PFAS. Gene expression changes were measured in primary human liver cell microtissues (i.e., 3D spheroids) after 1-day and 10-day exposures to increasing concentrations of 23 PFAS. The cells were treated with four subgroups of PFAS: carboxylates (PFCAs), sulfonates (PFSAs), fluorotelomers, and sulfonamides. An established pipeline to identify differentially expressed genes and transcriptomic BMCs was applied. We found that both PFCAs and PFSAs exhibited a trend toward increased transcriptional changes with carbon chain-length. Specifically, longer-chain compounds (7 to 10 carbons) were more likely to induce changes in gene expression, and have lower transcriptional BMCs. The combined high-throughput transcriptomic and bioinformatic analyses supports the capability of NAMs to efficiently assess the effects of PFAS in liver microtissues. The data enable potency ranking of PFAS for human liver cell spheroid cytotoxicity and transcriptional changes, and assessment of in vitro transcriptomic points of departure. These data improve our understanding of the health effects of PFAS and will be used to inform read-across for human health risk assessment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Reardon, A. J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rowan-Carroll, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferguson, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leingartner, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gagne, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorusso, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bourdon-Lacombe, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carrier, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moffat, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yauk, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atlas, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.20.347328</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-throughput transcriptomics and benchmark concentration modeling for potency ranking of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in exposed human liver cell spheroids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.26.354977v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Impact of the expectation on memory reconsolidation using a post retrieval extinction paradigm 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.26.354977v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveThe present study examined if the expectation for learning enhances reconsolidation of conditioned fear memories using the post-retrieval extinction paradigm in an undergraduate sample (n = 48).

MethodsThe study took place over three consecutive days. The expectation for learning was manipulated through oral instructions prior to memory reactivation. On day one, participants underwent differential fear conditioning to two spider images (CS+ and CS-). On day two, participants were assigned to either a reactivation with expectation for learning group, a reactivation with no expectation for learning group, or a no reactivation group. On day three, return of fear in response to the CS+ spider image was measured following reinstatement (i.e., four shocks). Fear potentiated startle (FPS) and skin conductance response (SCR) were taken as measures of fear.

ResultsThe study found evidence that the expectation for learning may enhanced reconsolidation with FPS as a measure of fear as it was only the expectation for learning group in which FPS to the CS+ remained stable following reinstatement, however this effect was small and non-robust. In contrast, no evidence of reconsolidation was observed for SCR, as all participants exhibited a return of fear following reinstatement.

ImplicationsThese findings suggest that a verbal manipulation of the expectation for learning may not be salient enough to induce reconsolidation as measured by SCR but may be sufficient as measured by FPS. Additionally, given in the inconsistent findings between SCR and FPS, the studys results bring into question whether the post-retrieval extinction paradigm is appropriate to investigate reconsolidation using both physiological measures concurrently.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Marinos, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashbaugh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.26.354977</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Impact of the expectation on memory reconsolidation using a post retrieval extinction paradigm]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.02.360958v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Immunopeptidomics for Dummies: Detailed Experimental Protocols and Rapid, User-Friendly Visualization of MHC I and II Ligand Datasets with MhcVizPipe 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.02.360958v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Immunopeptidomics refers to the science of investigating the composition and dynamics of peptides presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II molecules using mass spectrometry (MS). Here, we aim to provide a technical report to any non-expert in the field wishing to establish and/or optimize an immunopeptidomic workflow with relatively limited computational knowledge and resources. To this end, we thoroughly describe step-by-step instructions to isolate MHC class I and II-associated peptides from various biological sources, including mouse and human biospecimens. Most notably, we created MhcVizPipe (MVP) (https://github.com/CaronLab/MhcVizPipe), a new and easy-to-use open-source software tool to rapidly assess the quality and the specific enrichment of immunopeptidomic datasets upon the establishment of new workflows. In fact, MVP enables intuitive visualization of multiple immunopeptidomic datasets upon testing sample preparation protocols and new antibodies for the isolation of MHC class I and II peptides. In addition, MVP enables the identification of unexpected binding motifs and facilitates the analysis of non-canonical MHC peptides. We anticipate that the experimental and bioinformatic resources provided herein will represent a great starting point for any non-expert and will therefore foster the accessibility and expansion of the field to ultimately boost its maturity and impact.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sirois, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caron, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kovalchik, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wessling, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saab, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Despault, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kubiniok, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamelin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faridi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Purcell, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tognetti, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reiter, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruderer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lanoix, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonneil, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Courcelles, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thibault, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.02.360958</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Immunopeptidomics for Dummies: Detailed Experimental Protocols and Rapid, User-Friendly Visualization of MHC I and II Ligand Datasets with MhcVizPipe]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.04.365999v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Challenges in Undergraduate Synthetic Biology Training: Insights from a Canadian iGEM Student Perspective 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.04.365999v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The last two decades have seen vigorous activity in synthetic biology research and ever-increasing applications of synthetic biology technologies. However, pedagogical research on synthetic biology is scarce, especially when compared to some scientific and engineering disciplines. Within Canada, there are only three universities that formally teach synthetic biology programs; two of which are at the undergraduate level. Many Canadian undergraduate students are instead introduced to synthetic biology through participation in the annual International Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) competition where they work in design teams to conceive of and execute a synthetic biology project that they present at an international jamboree. We surveyed the Canadian landscape of synthetic biology education through the experience of students from the Canadian iGEM teams of 2019. Using a thematic codebook analysis, we gathered insights to generate recommendations that could empower future iGEM team operations and inform educators about best practices in teaching undergraduate synthetic biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Diep, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boucinha, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeung, B.-r. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kell, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsyplenkov, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serra, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Escobar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gnanapragasam, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emond, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sajtovich, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahadevan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kilkenny, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gini-Newman, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaern, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ingalls, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.04.365999</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Challenges in Undergraduate Synthetic Biology Training: Insights from a Canadian iGEM Student Perspective]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.13.353698v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Homemade Bread: Repurposing an Ancient Technology for Low Cost in vitro Tissue Engineering 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.13.353698v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Numerous synthetic and naturally-occurring biomaterials have been developed to provide such architectures to support the proliferation of mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo. Our group, and others, have shown that scaffolds derived from plants can be utilized for tissue engineering applications in biomedicine and in the burgeoning cultured meat industry. Such scaffolds are ideally straightforward and inexpensive to prepare, allowing researchers to take advantage of their intrinsic 3D microarchitectures. These efforts inspired us to continue to pursue the development of novel and unconventional biomaterials that are easily produced and high performing in vitro. With this in mind, few plant-derived materials are more ubiquitous than bread. Having observed the porosity of the crumb (i.e. the internal bulk) we sought to investigate whether it might support the proliferation of mammalian cells in vitro. Here, we develop and validate a yeast-free "soda bread" that maintains its mechanical stability over several weeks in culture conditions. Importantly, we also demonstrate that control over the mechanical stability of the scaffold can also be achieved with both chemical and enzymatic means. The scaffolding is a heterogeneous and complex structure of isolated and interconnected pores which allow for the proliferation of multiple cell types. We demonstrate here that mouse fibroblasts, myoblasts and pre-osteoblasts are able to proliferate up to four weeks in culture. Immunohistochemistry demonstrates that the fibroblasts are able to deposit their own fibronectin extracellular matrix and that mouse myoblasts are able to differentiate and fuse into myotubes. Although the pre-osteoblasts proliferated over the course of four weeks their ability to differentiate was inconclusive. Metabolic analyses of proliferation, cytotoxicity and oxidative stress reveal that cells remain highly viable and functional on these novel bread scaffolds. While the results presented in this proof-of-concept study create many new questions and opportunities, the results open up novel possibilities in the development of edible scaffolds that may be utilized in future food applications. Bread derived scaffolds represent a surprising alternative to synthetic or animal-derived scaffolds for addressing a diverse variety of tissue engineering challenges in food science. Future studies will delve deeper into investigating these how possibilities might take advantage of the immense breadth of knowledge about bread making and examine their applicability in the development of lab grown foods and broader applications in cellular agriculture.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Holmes, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaberansari, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collins, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leblanc Latour, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Modulevsky, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pelling, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.13.353698</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Homemade Bread: Repurposing an Ancient Technology for Low Cost in vitro Tissue Engineering]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.20.391813v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Pump-Leak/Donnan ion homeostasis strategies of skeletal muscle fibers and neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.20.391813v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Skeletal muscle fibers (SMFs) and neurons are low and high duty-cycle excitable cells constituting exceptionally large and extraordinarily small fractions of vertebrate bodies. The immense ClC-1-based chloride-permeability (PCl) of SMFs has thwarted understanding of their Pump-Leak/Donnan (P-L/D) ion homeostasis. After formally defining P-L/D set-points and feedbacks, we therefore devise a simple yet demonstrably realistic model for SMFs. Hyper-stimulated, it approximates rodent fibers ouabain-sensitive ATP-consumption. Size-matched neuron-model/SMF-model comparisons reveal steady-states occupying two ends of an energetics/resilience P-L/D continuum. Excitable neurons costly vulnerable process is Pump-Leak dominated. Electrically-reluctant SMFs robust low-cost process is Donnan dominated: collaboratively, Donnan effectors and [big PCl] stabilize Vrest, while SMFs exquisitely small PNa minimizes ATP-consumption, thus maximizing resilience. "Classic" excitable cell homeostasis ([small PCl][big INaleak]), de rigueur for electrically-agile neurons, is untenable for vertebrates (including humans) major tissue. Vertebrate bodies evolved thanks to syncytially-efficient SMFs using a Donnan dominated ([big PCl][small INaleak]) ion homeostatic strategy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Joos, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.20.391813</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Pump-Leak/Donnan ion homeostasis strategies of skeletal muscle fibers and neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.20.391839v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Donnan dominated ion homeostasis and the longevity of ischemic Na+-loaded dystrophic skeletal muscle 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.20.391839v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The inherited muscle-wasting disease, Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), renders skeletal muscle fibers (SMFs) Na+-overloaded, ischemic, membrane-damaged, cation-leaky, depolarized, and prone to myogenic firing. DMD fibers nevertheless survive up to 3 decades before succumbing to Ca2+-necrosis. The Ca2+-necrosis is explicable, the longevity is not. Modeling here shows that SMFs ion homeostasis strategy, a low-cost resilient Pump-Leak/Donnan feedback process we term "Donnan dominated", underpins that longevity. Together, SMFs huge chloride-permeability and tiny sodium-permeability minimize excitability and pump costs, facilitating the outsized SMF pump-reserve that lets DMD fibers withstand deep ischemia and leaky channels. We illustrate how, as these impairments intensify, patients chronic Na+-overload (now non-invasively evident via Na23-MRI) would change. In simulations, prolonged excitation ([-&gt;]physiological Na+-overloading) and/or intense ischemia ([-&gt;]too little Na+-pumping) and accumulated bleb-damage ([-&gt;]too much Na+-leaking) eventually trigger Ca2+-overloading conditions. Our analysis implies an urgent need to identify SMFs pivotal small PNa, thereby opening new therapeutic remediation routes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Morris, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wheeler, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joos, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.20.391839</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Donnan dominated ion homeostasis and the longevity of ischemic Na+-loaded dystrophic skeletal muscle]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.20.392175v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Age-Associated Insolubility of Parkin in Human Midbrain is Linked to Redox Balance and Sequestration of Reactive Dopamine Metabolites 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.20.392175v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mechanisms by which parkin protects the adult human brain from Parkinson disease remain incompletely understood. We hypothesized that parkin cysteines participate in redox reactions, which are reflected in its posttranslational modifications. We found that in human control brain, including the S. nigra, parkin is largely insoluble after age 40 years, which is linked to its oxidation, e.g., at Cys95 and Cys253. In mice, oxidative stress increases posttranslational modifications at parkin cysteines and reduces its solubility. Oxidation of recombinant parkin also promotes insolubility and aggregate formation, but in parallel, lowers hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). This thiol-based redox activity is diminished by parkin point mutants, e.g., p.C431F and p.G328E. Intriguingly, in parkin-deficient human brain H2O2 concentrations are elevated. In prkn-null mice, H2O2 levels are dysregulated under oxidative stress conditions, such as acutely by MPTP-toxin exposure or chronically due to a second genetic hit. In dopamine toxicity studies, wild-type parkin, but not disease-linked mutants, protects human dopaminergic M17 cells, in part through lowering H2O2. Parkin also neutralizes reactive, electrophilic dopamine metabolites via adduct formation, which occurs foremost at primate-specific Cys95. Further, wild-type but not p.C95A-mutant parkin augments melanin formation. In sections of normal, adult human midbrain, parkin specifically co-localizes with neuromelanin pigment, frequently within LAMP-3/CD63+ lysosomes. We conclude that oxidative modifications of parkin cysteines are associated with protective outcomes, which include the reduction of H2O2, conjugation of reactive dopamine metabolites, sequestration of radicals within insoluble aggregates, and increased melanin formation. The loss of these redox effects may augment oxidative stress in dopamine producing neurons of mutant PRKN allele carriers, thereby contributing to neurodegeneration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tokarew, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El Kodsi, D. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lengacher, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fehr, T. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shutinoski, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Nuallain, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, A. C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sengupta, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barber, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zandee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scherzer, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prat, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takanashi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hattori, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zecca, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>West, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holmgren, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puente, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaw, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toth, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woulfe, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomlinson, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlossmacher, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.20.392175</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Age-Associated Insolubility of Parkin in Human Midbrain is Linked to Redox Balance and Sequestration of Reactive Dopamine Metabolites]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.01.406538v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factors promoting Lgl1 phosphorylation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.01.406538v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The protein Lgl1 has key roles in the regulation of cell polarity. We have shown that Lgl1 is inactivated by hyperphosphorylation in glioblastoma as a consequence of PTEN loss and aberrant activation of the PI 3-kinase pathway; this contributes to glioblastoma pathogenesis both by promoting invasion and repressing glioblastoma cell differentiation. Lgl1 is phosphorylated by atypical protein kinase C in a complex with Par6 and activated Rac. Here we have investigated the role of specific Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factors in Lgl1 hyperphosphorylation in glioblastoma. We used CRISPR/Cas9 to knockout PREX1, a PI 3-kinase pathway-responsive Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor, in patient-derived glioblastoma cells. Knockout cells had reduced Lgl1 phosphorylation which could be reversed by re-expressing PREX1. PREX1 knockout cells showed reduced motility and an altered phenotype suggestive of partial neuronal differentiation; consistent with this, RNA-seq analyses identified sets of PREX1-regulated genes associated with changes in cell motility and neuronal differentiation. PREX1 knockout in glioblastoma cells from a second patient did not affect Lgl1 phosphorylation. These cells overexpressed a short isoform of the Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor TIAM1; knockdown of TIAM1 in PREX1-knockout cells from this patient reduced Lgl1 phosphorylation. These data show that PREX1 links aberrant PI 3-kinase signaling to Lgl1 phosphorylation in glioblastoma, but that TIAM1 can also promote Lgl phosphorylation in a subset of patients. While this shows redundant mechanisms for Lgl1 phosphorylation, PREX1 appears to have a non-redundant role in glioblastoma cell motility, as this was impaired in PREX1 knockout cells from both patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lavictoire, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jomaa, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gont, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jardine, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cook, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorimer, I. A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.01.406538</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factors promoting Lgl1 phosphorylation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.03.409714v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Consistent and High-Frequency Identification of an Intra-Sample Genetic Variant of SARS-CoV-2 with Elevated Fusogenic Properties 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.03.409714v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a virus that is continuously evolving. Although its RNA-dependent RNA polymerase exhibits some exonuclease proofreading activity, viral sequence diversity can be produced by replication errors and host factors. A diversity of genetic variants can be observed in the intra-host viral population structure of infected individuals. Most mutations will follow a neutral molecular evolution and wont make significant contributions to variations within and between infected hosts. Herein, we profiled the intra-sample genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 variants using high-throughput sequencing datasets from 15,289 infected individuals and infected cell lines. Most of the genetic variations observed, including C->U and G->U, were consistent with errors due to heat-induced DNA damage during sample processing and/or sequencing protocols. Despite high mutational background, we identified recurrent intra-variable positions in the samples analyzed, including several positions at the end of the gene encoding the viral Spike (S) protein. Strikingly, we observed a high-frequency C->A missense mutations resulting in the S protein lacking the last 20 amino acids (S{Delta}20). We found that this truncated S protein undergoes increased processing and increased syncytia formation, presumably due to escaping M protein retention in intracellular compartments. Our findings suggest the emergence of a high-frequency viral sublineage that is not horizontally transmitted but potentially involved in intra-host disease cytopathic effects.

IMPORTANCEThe mutation rate and evolution of RNA viruses correlate with viral adaptation. While most mutations do not have significant contributions to viral molecular evolution, some are naturally selected and cause a genetic drift through positive selection. Many recent SARS-CoV-2 variants have been recently described and show phenotypic selection towards more infectious viruses. Our study describes another type of variant that does not contribute to inter-host heterogeneity but rather phenotypic selection toward variants that might have increased cytopathic effects. We identified that a C-terminal truncation of the Spike protein removes an important ER-retention signal, which consequently results in a Spike variant that easily travels through the Golgi toward the plasma membrane in a pre-activated conformation, leading to increased syncytia formation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rocheleau, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laroche, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cote, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giguere, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Langlois, M.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pelchat, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.03.409714</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Consistent and High-Frequency Identification of an Intra-Sample Genetic Variant of SARS-CoV-2 with Elevated Fusogenic Properties]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.03.410001v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Normal aging affects unconstrained three-dimensional reaching against gravity with reduced vertical precision and increased co-contraction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.03.410001v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Reaching for an object in space forms the basis for many activities of daily living and is important in rehabilitation after stroke and in other neurological and orthopedic conditions. It has been the object of motor control and neuroscience research for over a century, but studies often constrain movement to eliminate the effect of gravity or reduce the degrees of freedom. In some studies, aging has been shown to reduce target accuracy, with a mechanism suggested to be impaired corrective movements. We sought first to explore the changes in control of shoulder and elbow joint movements that occur with aging during performance of reaching movements to different target heights with the normal effects of gravity, unconstrained hand movement, and stable target locations. Three-dimensional kinematic data and electromyography were collected in 14 young (25{+/-}6 years) and 10 older adults (68{+/-}3 years) during second-long reaches to three targets aligned vertically in front of the participants. Older adults took longer to initiate a movement than the young adults and were more variable and inaccurate in their initial and final movements. Target height had greater effect on trajectory curvature variability in older than young adults, with angle variability relative to target position being greater in older adults around the time of peak speed. There were significant age-related differences in use of the multiple degrees of freedom of the upper extremity, with less variability in shoulder abduction in the older group. Muscle activation patterns were similar, except for a higher biceps-triceps co-contraction and tonic levels of some proximal muscle activation. The path length of movements was not affected by age. These results show an age-related deficit in the motor planning and online correction of reaching movements against a predictable force (i.e., gravity). These results will facilitate interpretation of our forthcoming study of transcranial magnetic stimulation effects on the same task in these two populations, and is relevant to any study that seeks to measure the effect of pathological processes on upper extremity motor performance in the elderly.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wittenberg, G. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kortzog, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wyers, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Halewyck, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boisgontier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levin, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swinnen, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jonkers, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.03.410001</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Normal aging affects unconstrained three-dimensional reaching against gravity with reduced vertical precision and increased co-contraction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.09.417774v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The hybrid nature of task-evoked activity: Inside-out neural dynamics in intracranial EEG and Deep Learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.09.417774v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A.The standard approach in neuroscience research infers from the external stimulus (outside) to the brain (inside) through stimulus-evoked activity. Recently challenged by Buzsaki, he advocates the reverse; an inside-out approach inferring from the brains activity to the neural effects of the stimulus. If so, stimulus-evoked activity should be a hybrid of internal and external components. Providing direct evidence for this hybrid nature, we measured human intracranial stereo-electroencephalography (sEEG) to investigate how prestimulus variability, i.e., standard deviation, shapes poststimulus activity through trial-to-trial variability. We first observed greater poststimulus variability quenching in trials exhibiting high prestimulus variability. Next, we found that the relative effect of the stimulus was higher in the later (300-600ms) than the earlier (0-300ms) poststimulus period. These results were extended by our Deep Learning LSTM network models at the single trial level. The accuracy to classify single trials (prestimulus low/high) increased greatly when the models were trained and tested with real trials compared to trials that exclude the effects of the prestimulus-related ongoing dynamics (corrected trials). Lastly, we replicated our findings showing that trials with high prestimulus variability in theta and alpha bands exhibits faster reaction times. Together, our results support the inside-out approach by demonstrating that stimulus-related activity is a hybrid of two factors: 1) the effects of the external stimulus itself, and 2) the effects of the ongoing dynamics spilling over from the prestimulus period, with the second, i.e., the inside, dwarfing the influence of the first, i.e., the outside.

B. Significance StatementOur findings signify a significant conceptual advance in the relationship between pre- and poststimulus dynamics in humans. These findings are important as they show that we miss an essential component - the impact of the ongoing dynamics - when restricting our analyses to the effects of the external stimulus alone. Consequently, these findings may be crucial to fully understand higher cognitive functions and their impairments, as can be seen in psychiatric illnesses. In addition, our Deep Learning LSTM models show a second conceptual advance: high classification accuracy of a single trial to its prestimulus state. Finally, our replicated results in an independent dataset and task showed that this relationship between pre- and poststimulus dynamics exists across tasks and is behaviorally relevant.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wolff, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tumati, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golesorkhi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez-Pilar, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Longtin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Northoff, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.09.417774</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The hybrid nature of task-evoked activity: Inside-out neural dynamics in intracranial EEG and Deep Learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.14.422725v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regional and age-dependent Effects of Cortical Magnetic Stimulation on Unconstrained Reaching Behavior 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.14.422725v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe specific and dynamic contributions of premotor and supplementary motor areas to reaching movements in aging humans are not well understood.

ObjectiveTo better understand the role of cortical motor regions and age on the control of unconstrained reaches against gravity by neurologically intact, younger and older adults.

MethodsDouble pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was applied at locations targeting primary motor cortex (M1), dorsal premotor area (PMA), supplementary motor area (SMA), or dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Paired stimuli were delivered before or after a visual cue was presented to initiate self-paced right-handed reaches to one of three, vertically oriented target locations.

ResultsRegional stimulation effects on movement amplitude were observed both early and late in the reach. PMA stimulation increased reach distance to a greater extent than M1, SMA, and DLPFC stimulation. M1 and PMA stimulation increased deviation from the straight-line path around the time of peak velocity to an extent that was greater than SMA and DLPFC stimulation. Cortical stimulation increased the time that elapsed after, but not before, peak velocity. Despite stronger effects of stimulation on reaches in the younger group, this group had shorter times to reach the target after reaching peak velocity.

ConclusionThese results provide support for a role of PMA in visually guided movement after movement initiation. For older subjects, the increased time to arrive at the target after peak velocity despite weaker stimulation effects suggests an age-related reduction in sensorimotor processing flexibility for online control of unconstrained reaching.

HighlightsO_LIDorsal premotor area stimulation at any time during the reaction-time period and early reaching affected early reach kinematics at least as much as stimulation of primary motor cortex.
C_LIO_LIOlder individuals had more stimulation-related interference in the late components of reaching despite having less early effect of stimulation, suggesting a reduction in flexibility of dynamic motor control due to aging.
C_LIO_LIThe antigravity component of unconstrained reaching did not have special aspects for regional cortical effects of stimulation.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Urbin, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKernan, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kortzorg, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wyers, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Halewyck, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boisgontier, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levin, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swinnen, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jonkers, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wittenberg, G. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.14.422725</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regional and age-dependent Effects of Cortical Magnetic Stimulation on Unconstrained Reaching Behavior]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.14.422746v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exploring the microbiome-wide lysine acetylation, succinylation and propionylation in human gut microbiota 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.14.422746v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundLysine acylations are important post-translational modifications that are present in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, regulating diverse cellular functions. Our knowledge of the microbiome lysine acylation remains limited due to the lack of efficient analytical and bioinformatics methods for complex microbial communities.

ResultsWe show that serial enrichment using motif antibodies successfully captures peptides containing lysine acetylation, propionylation and succinylation from human gut microbiome samples. A new bioinformatic workflow consisting of unrestricted database search confidently identified >60,000 acetylated, and ~20,000 propionylated and succinylated gut microbial peptides. Characterization of these identified modification-specific metaproteomes, i.e. meta-PTMomes, demonstrates that lysine acylations are differentially distributed in microbial species with different metabolic capabilities.

ConclusionThis study provides an analytical framework, consisting of a serial immunoaffinity enrichment and an open database search strategy, for the study of lysine acylations in microbiome, which enables functional microbiome studies at the post-translational level.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ning, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayne, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farnsworth, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Figeys, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.14.422746</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exploring the microbiome-wide lysine acetylation, succinylation and propionylation in human gut microbiota]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.19.423606v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mutation of a conserved Gln residue does not abolish desensitization of acid-sensing ion channel 1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.19.423606v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Desensitization is a common feature of ligand-gated ion channels although the molecular cause varies widely between channel types. Mutations that substantially reduce or abolish desensitization have been described for many ligand-gated ion channels including glutamate, GABA, glycine and nicotinic receptors but not for acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) until recently. Mutating Gln276 to a glycine in human ASIC1a was reported to mostly abolish desensitization at both the macroscopic and single channel levels, potentially providing a valuable tool for subsequent studies. However, we find that in both human and chicken ASIC1 the effect of Q276G is modest. In chicken ASIC1, the equivalent Q277G slightly reduces desensitization when using pH 6.5 as a stimulus but desensitizes essentially like wild type when using more acidic pH values. In addition, steady-state desensitization is intact, albeit right-shifted, and recovery from desensitization is accelerated. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that the Gln277 side chain participates in a hydrogen bond network that might stabilize the desensitized conformation. Consistent with this, destabilizing this network with the Q277N or Q277L mutations largely mimics the Q277G phenotype. In human ASIC1a, Q276G does not substantially reduce desensitization but surprisingly slows entry to and exit from the desensitized state, thus requiring longer agonist applications to reach equilibrium. Our data reveal that while the Q/G mutation does not substantially impair desensitization as previously reported, it does point to unexpected differences between chicken and human ASICs and the need for careful scrutiny before using this mutation in future studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rook, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miaro, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Couch, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kneisley, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Musgaard, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacLean, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.19.423606</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mutation of a conserved Gln residue does not abolish desensitization of acid-sensing ion channel 1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.23.424154v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A hypothesis for theta rhythm frequency control in CA1 microcircuits 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.23.424154v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Computational models of neural circuits with varying levels of biophysical detail have been generated in pursuit of an underlying mechanism explaining the ubiquitous hippocampal theta rhythm. However, within the theta rhythm are at least two types with distinct frequencies associated with different behavioural states, an aspect that must be considered in pursuit of these mechanistic explanations. Here, using our previously developed excitatory-inhibitory network models that generate theta rhythms, we investigate the robustness of theta generation to intrinsic neuronal variability by building a database of heterogeneous excitatory cells and implementing them in our microcircuit model. We specifically investigate the impact of three key  building block features of the excitatory cell model that underlie our model design: these cells rheobase, their capacity for post-inhibitory rebound, and their spike-frequency adaptation. We show that theta rhythms at various frequencies can arise dependent upon the combination of these building block features, and we find that the speed of these oscillations are dependent upon the excitatory cells response to inhibitory drive, as encapsulated by their phase response curves. Taken together, these findings support a hypothesis for theta frequency control that includes two aspects: (i) an internal mechanism that stems from the building block features of excitatory cell dynamics; (ii) an external mechanism that we describe as  inhibition-based tuning of excitatory cell firing. We propose that these mechanisms control theta rhythm frequencies and underlie their robustness.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Skinner, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rich, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lunyov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lefebvre, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chatzikalymniou, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.23.424154</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A hypothesis for theta rhythm frequency control in CA1 microcircuits]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.22.427836v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spinal V1 neurons inhibit motor targets locally and sensory targets distally to coordinate locomotion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.22.427836v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rostro-caudal coordination of spinal motor output is essential for locomotion. Most spinal interneurons project axons longitudinally to govern locomotor output, yet their connectivity along this axis remains unclear. In this study, we use larval zebrafish to map synaptic outputs of a major inhibitory population, V1 (Eng1+) neurons, which are implicated in dual sensory and motor functions. We find that V1 neurons exhibit long axons extending rostrally and exclusively ipsilaterally for an average of 6 spinal segments; however, they do not connect uniformly with their post-synaptic targets along the entire length of their axon. Locally, V1 neurons inhibit motor neurons (both fast and slow) and other premotor targets including V2a, V2b and commissural pre-motor neurons. In contrast, V1 neurons make robust inhibitory contacts throughout the rostral extent of their axonal projections onto a dorsal horn sensory population, the Commissural Primary Ascending neurons (CoPAs). In a computational model of the ipsilateral spinal network, we show that this pattern of short range V1 inhibition to motor and premotor neurons is crucial for coordinated rostro-caudal propagation of the locomotor wave. We conclude that spinal network architecture in the longitudinal axis can vary dramatically, with differentially targeted local and distal connections, yielding important consequences for function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sengupta, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daliparthi, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roussel, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bui, T. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagnall, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.22.427836</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spinal V1 neurons inhibit motor targets locally and sensory targets distally to coordinate locomotion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.25.428097v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Longitudinal analysis of humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Spike in convalescent individuals up to 8 months post-symptom onset 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.25.428097v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Functional and lasting immune responses to the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) are currently under intense investigation as antibody titers in plasma have been shown to decline during convalescence. Since the absence of antibodies does not equate to absence of immune memory, we sought to determine the presence of SARS-CoV-2-specific memory B cells in COVID-19 convalescent patients. In this study, we report on the evolution of the overall humoral immune responses on 101 blood samples obtained from 32 COVID-19 convalescent patients between 16 and 233 days post-symptom onset. Our observations indicate that anti-Spike and anti-RBD IgM in plasma decay rapidly, whereas the reduction of IgG is less prominent. Neutralizing activity in convalescent plasma declines rapidly compared to Fc-effector functions. Concomitantly, the frequencies of RBD-specific IgM+ B cells wane significantly when compared to RBD-specific IgG+ B cells, which increase over time, and the number of IgG+ memory B cells which remain stable thereafter for up to 8 months after symptoms onset. With the recent approval of highly effective vaccines for COVID-19, data on the persistence of immune responses are of central importance. Even though overall circulating SARS-CoV-2 Spike-specific antibodies contract over time during convalescence, we demonstrate that RBD-specific B cells increase and persist up to 8 months post symptom onset. We also observe modest increases in RBD-specific IgG+ memory B cells and importantly, detectable IgG and sustained Fc-effector activity in plasma over the 8-month period. Our results add to the current understanding of immune memory following SARS-CoV-2 infection, which is critical for the prevention of secondary infections, vaccine efficacy and herd immunity against COVID-19.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Anand, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prevost, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nayrac, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beaudoin-Bussieres, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benlarbi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gasser, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brassard, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laumaea, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bourassa, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunet-Ratnasingham, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medjahed, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gendron-Lepage, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goyette, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gokool, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morrisseau, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Begin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martel-Laferriere, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tremblay, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richard, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bazin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duerr, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufmann, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finzi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.25.428097</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Longitudinal analysis of humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Spike in convalescent individuals up to 8 months post-symptom onset]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.28.428660v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The effects of maternal social connectivity and integration on offspring survival in a marmot 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.28.428660v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In social species, maternal social relationships, in addition to direct care, impact offspring survival but much of what we know about these effects comes from studies of obligately social and cooperatively breeding species. Yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventer) are a facultatively social species whose social groups vary in composition, size, and cohesiveness. This natural variation in sociality and cooperative breeding behavior makes yellow-bellied marmots an ideal species within which to study the effects of maternal affiliative and agonistic social behavior on offspring. We used social network analysis to investigate the relationship between maternal social connectivity and integration on offspring summer and yearly survival, with the hypothesis that offspring with more affiliative mothers are more likely to survive than the offspring of more agonistic mothers. However, we found the inverse to be true: pups born to mothers who received more affiliative interactions were less likely to survive while the offspring of mothers who were more highly integrated into agonistic networks had enhanced survival. Overall, maternal social network measures were positively and negatively correlated with offspring survival, indicating that pups are influenced by their mothers social world, often in contradictory ways. Relative predation risk and colony location also mediated the effects of social relationships on pup survival. This study contributes to a small but growing body of work that demonstrates that specific attributes of sociality have specific consequences and that by adopting an attribute-focused view of sociality we are better able to understand how environmental conditions mediate the costs and benefits of sociality.

Lay SummaryMaternal social relationships can impact offspring survival but much of what we know about these effects comes from studies of obligately social species. In faculatively social yellow-bellied marmots we found that pups born to mothers who received more affiliative interactions were less likely to survive while the offspring of mothers who were more highly integrated into agonistic networks had enhanced survival. Overall, pups are influenced by their mothers social world, often in contradictory ways.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Montero, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, J. G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blumstein, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.28.428660</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The effects of maternal social connectivity and integration on offspring survival in a marmot]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.29.428773v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Characterization of Critical Determinants of ACE2-RBD Interaction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.29.428773v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite sequence similarity to SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2 has demonstrated greater widespread virulence and unique challenges to researchers aiming to study its pathogenicity in humans. The interaction of the viral receptor binding domain (RBD) with its main host cell receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), has emerged as a critical focal point for the development of anti-viral therapeutics and vaccines. Utilizing our recently developed NanoBiT technology-based biosensor, we selectively identify and characterize the impact of mutating certain amino acid residues in the RBD of SARS-CoV-2 and in ACE2. Specifically, we examine the mutational effects on RBD-ACE2 binding ability, before and after the addition of competitive inhibitors, as well as neutralizing antibody activity. These critical determinants of virus-host interactions may provide more effective targets for ongoing vaccines, drug development, and potentially pave the way for determining the genetic variation underlying disease severity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brown, E. E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rezaei, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jamieson, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dave, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, N. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singaravelu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crupi, M. J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boulton, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tucker, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poutou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pelin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yasavoli-Sharahi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taha, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arulanandam, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Surendran, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghahremani, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Austin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matar, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diallo, J.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bell, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ilkow, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azad, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.29.428773</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Characterization of Critical Determinants of ACE2-RBD Interaction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.29.428818v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chemical defense and tonic immobility in early life stages of the Harlequin cabbage bug, Murgantia histrionica (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.29.428818v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Antipredation strategies are important for the survival and fitness of animals, especially in more vulnerable life stages. In insects, eggs and early juvenile stages are often either immobile or unable to rapidly flee and hide when facing predators. Understanding what alternative antipredation strategies they use, but also how those change over development time, is required to fully appreciate how species have adapted to biotic threats. Murgantia histrionica is a stink bug, conspicuously colored from egg to adult, known to sequester defensive glucosinolates from its cruciferous hosts as adults. We sought to assess whether this chemical defense is also present in its eggs and early nymphal instars and quantified how it fluctuates among life stages. In parallel, we looked at an alternative antipredation strategy, described for the first time in this species: tonic immobility. Our results show that the eggs are significantly more chemically defended than the first two mobile life stages, but not than the third instar. Tonic immobility is also favored by hatchlings, but less so by subsequent instars. We argue the case that over development time, tonic immobility is a useful defensive strategy until adequate chemical protection is achieved over an extended feeding period.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guerra-Grenier, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnason, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sherratt, T. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.29.428818</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chemical defense and tonic immobility in early life stages of the Harlequin cabbage bug, Murgantia histrionica (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.31.429026v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Viral evolutionary dynamics predict Influenza-Like-Illnesses in patients 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.31.429026v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Viral infections such as those caused by the influenza virus can put a strain on healthcare systems. However, such a burden is typically difficult to predict. In order to improve such predictions, we hypothesize that the severity of epidemics can be linked to viral evolutionary dynamics. More specifically, we posit the existence of a negative association between patients health and the stability of coevolutionary networks at key viral proteins. To test this, we performed a thorough evolutionary analysis of influenza viruses circulating in continental US between 2010 and 2019, assessing how measures of the stability of these coevolutionary networks correlate with clinical data based on outpatient healthcare visits showing Influenza-Like Illness (ILI) symptoms. We first show evidence of a significant correlation between viral evolutionary dynamics and increased influenza activity during seasonal epidemics, and then show that these dynamics closely follow the progression of epidemics through each season, providing us with predictive power based on genetic data collected between week 20 and week 40/52, that is one to fifteen weeks prior to peak ILI. Viral evolutionary dynamics may hence be used by health authorities to further guide non-pharmaceutical interventions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wallbank, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aris-Brosou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.31.429026</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Viral evolutionary dynamics predict Influenza-Like-Illnesses in patients]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.02.429396v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sleeping at the Switch 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.02.429396v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sleep slow waves are studied for their role in brain plasticity, homeostatic regulation and their changes during aging. Here, we address the possibility that two types of slow waves co-exist in humans. Thirty young and 29 older adults underwent a night of polysomnographic recordings. Using the Transition frequency, slow waves with a slow transition (slow switchers) and with a fast transition (fast switchers) were discovered. Slow switchers had a high EEG connectivity along their depolarization transition while fast switchers had a lower connectivity dynamic and dissipated faster during the night. Aging was associated with lower temporal dissipation of sleep pressure in slow and fast switchers and lower EEG connectivity at the microscale of the oscillations, suggesting a decreased flexibility in the connectivity network of older individuals. Our findings show that two different types of slow waves with possible distinct underlying functions, coexist in the slow wave spectrum.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bouchard, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lina, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaudreault, P.-O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lafreniere, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dube, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gosselin, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carrier, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.02.429396</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sleeping at the Switch]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.03.429592v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PIGNON: A protein-protein interaction-guided functional enrichment analysis for quantitative proteomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.03.429592v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundQuantitative proteomics studies are often used to detect proteins that are differentially expressed across different experimental conditions. Functional enrichment analyses are then typically used to detect annotations, such as biological processes that are significantly enriched among such differentially expressed proteins to provide insights into the molecular impacts of the studied conditions. While common, this analytical pipeline heavily relies on arbitrary thresholds of significance. Indeed, a functional annotation may be dysregulated in a given experimental condition, while none or very few of its proteins may be individually considered to be significantly differentially expressed. Such an annotation would therefore be missed by standard approaches.

ResultsHerein, we propose a novel graph theory-based method, PIGNON, for the detection of differentially expressed functional annotations in different conditions. PIGNON does not assess the statistical significance of individual genes, but rather maps protein differential expression levels onto a protein-protein interaction network and measures the clustering of proteins from a given functional annotation within the network. This process allows the detection of functional annotations for which the proteins are differentially expressed and grouped in the network. A Monte-Carlo sampling approach is used to assess the clustering of proteins in an expression-weighted network. When applied to a quantitative proteomics analysis of different molecular subtypes of breast cancer, PIGNON detects Gene Ontology terms that are both significantly clustered in a protein-protein interaction network and differentially expressed across two breast cancer subtypes. PIGNON identified 168 breast cancer pathways dysregulated and clustered within the network between the HER2+ and triple negative subtypes, 203 breast cancer pathways shared by HER2+ and hormone receptor positive subtypes, 19 breast cancer pathways shared by hormone receptor positive and triple negative breast that are not detected by standard approaches. PIGNON identifies functional annotations that have been previously associated with specific breast cancer subtypes as well as novel annotations that may be implicated in the diseases.

ConclusionPIGNON provides an alternative to functional enrichment analyses and a more comprehensive characterization of quantitative datasets. Hence, it contributes to yielding a better understanding of dysregulated functions and processes in biological samples under different conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nadeau, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Byvsheva, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavallee-Adam, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.03.429592</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PIGNON: A protein-protein interaction-guided functional enrichment analysis for quantitative proteomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.07.430164v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A viral protein utilizes the NDP52/CALCOCO2 selective autophagy receptor to disassemble processing bodies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.07.430164v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Kaposis sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) causes the inflammatory and angiogenic endothelial cell neoplasm, Kaposis sarcoma (KS). We previously demonstrated that expression of the KSHV protein, Kaposin B (KapB), promoted inflammation via the disassembly of cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granules called processing bodies (PBs). Processing bodies (PBs) modify gene expression by silencing or degrading labile messenger RNAs (mRNAs) including many transcripts that encode inflammatory or angiogenic proteins that are associated with KS disease. Although our work implicated PB disassembly as one of the causes of inflammation during KSHV infection, the precise mechanism used by KapB to elicit PB disassembly was unclear. Here we reveal a new connection between the degradative process of autophagy and PB disassembly. We show that both latent KSHV infection and KapB expression enhanced autophagic flux via the phosphorylation of the autophagy regulatory protein, Beclin 1. KapB was necessary for this effect, as infection with a recombinant virus that does not express the KapB protein did not induce Beclin 1 phosphorylation or autophagic flux. Moreover, we reveal that PB disassembly mediated by KSHV or KapB depended on canonical autophagy genes and the selective autophagy receptor NDP52/CALCOCO2 and that the PB scaffolding protein, Pat1b, co-immunoprecipitated with NDP52. These studies reveal a new role for autophagy and the selective autophagy receptor NDP52 in promoting PB turnover and the concomitant synthesis of inflammatory molecules during KSHV infection.

Author SummaryKaposis sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the causative agent of the inflammatory, endothelial cell cancer, Kaposis Sarcoma (KS). KSHV induces a pro-tumourigenic inflammatory environment which aids in the establishment and maintenance of the KS lesion. Processing bodies (PBs) are cellular structures that dampen inflammatory gene expression by suppression or decay of their cognate RNA molecules. We previously showed that the viral protein KapB caused PB disappearance during KSHV infection, identifying a new pathway used by KSHV to elicit inflammation. Now, we show that KSHV and KapB hijack the cellular degradative process of autophagy to promote PB disassembly and increase inflammatory gene expression. This places autophagy as central to the regulation of inflammation by KSHV and illustrates another remarkable strategy used by these viruses to create a tumourigenic microenvironment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Robinson, C.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, G. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castle, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boudreau, B. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corcoran, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.07.430164</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A viral protein utilizes the NDP52/CALCOCO2 selective autophagy receptor to disassemble processing bodies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.08.429993v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Development and validation of a deep learning algorithm and open-source platform for the automatic labelling of motion capture markers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.08.429993v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The purpose of this work was to develop an open-source deep learning-based algorithm for motion capture marker labelling that can be trained on measured or simulated marker trajectories. In the proposed algorithm, a deep neural network including recurrent layers is trained on measured or simulated marker trajectories. Labels are assigned to markers using the Hungarian algorithm and a predefined generic marker set is used to identify and correct mislabeled markers. The algorithm was first trained and tested on measured motion capture data. Then, the algorithm was trained on simulated trajectories and tested on data that included movements not contained in the simulated data set. The ability to improve accuracy using transfer learning to update the neural network weights based on labelled motion capture data was assessed. The effect of occluded and extraneous markers on labelling accuracy was also examined. Labelling accuracy was 99.6% when trained on measured data and 92.8% when trained on simulated trajectories, but could be improved to up to 98.8% through transfer learning. Missing or extraneous markers reduced labelling accuracy, but results were comparable to commercial software. The proposed labelling algorithm can be used to accurately label motion capture data in the presence of missing and extraneous markers and accuracy can be improved as data are collected, labelled, and added to the training set. The algorithm and user interface can reduce the time and manual effort required to label optical motion capture data, particularly for those with limited access to commercial software.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Clouthier, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ross, G. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mavor, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coll, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyle, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graham, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.08.429993</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Development and validation of a deep learning algorithm and open-source platform for the automatic labelling of motion capture markers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.10.430671v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modelling spinal locomotor circuits for movements in developing zebrafish 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.10.430671v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many spinal circuits dedicated to locomotor control have been identified in the developing zebrafish. How these circuits operate together to generate the various swimming movements during development remains to be clarified. In this study, we iteratively built models of developing zebrafish spinal circuits coupled to simplified musculoskeletal models that reproduce coiling and swimming movements. The neurons of the models were based upon morphologically or genetically identified populations in the developing zebrafish spinal cord. We simulated intact spinal circuits as well as circuits with silenced neurons or altered synaptic transmission to better understand the role of specific spinal neurons. Analysis of firing patterns and phase relationships helped identify possible mechanisms underlying the locomotor movements of developing zebrafish. Notably, our simulations demonstrated how the site and the operation of rhythm generation could transition between coiling and swimming. The simulations also underlined the importance of contralateral excitation to multiple tail beats. They allowed us to estimate the sensitivity of spinal locomotor networks to motor command amplitude, synaptic weights, length of ascending and descending axons, and firing behaviour. These models will serve as valuable tools to test and further understand the operation of spinal circuits for locomotion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roussel, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaudreau, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sengupta, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bui, T. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.10.430671</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modelling spinal locomotor circuits for movements in developing zebrafish]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.15.430920v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Parasite co-opts a ubiquitin receptor to induce a plethora of developmental changes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.15.430920v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Obligate parasites can induce complex and substantial phenotypic changes in their hosts in ways that favour their transmission to other trophic levels. However, mechanisms underlying these changes remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate how SAP05 protein effectors from insect-vectored plant pathogenic phytoplasmas take control of several plant developmental processes to simultaneously prolong host lifespan and induce witchs broom-like proliferations of leaf and sterile shoots, organs colonized by phytoplasmas and vectors. SAP05 acts by mediating the concurrent degradation of SPL and GATA developmental regulators via a process that uniquely relies on hijacking the plant ubiquitin receptor RPN10 independently of substrate lysine ubiquitination. RPN10 is highly conserved among eukaryotes, but SAP05 does not bind insect vector RPN10. A two-amino-acid substitution within plant RPN10 generates a functional variant that is resistant to SAP05 activities. Therefore, one effector protein enables obligate parasitic phytoplasmas to induce a plethora of developmental phenotypes in their hosts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacLean, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sugio, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maqbool, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Busscher, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, S.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamoun, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Immink, R. G. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hogenhout, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.15.430920</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Parasite co-opts a ubiquitin receptor to induce a plethora of developmental changes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.15.431326v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cerebellar tDCS alters the perception of optic flow 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.15.431326v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Studies have shown that the cerebellar vermis is involved in the perception of motion. However, it is unclear how the cerebellum influences motion perception. tDCS is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that can reduce (through cathodal stimulation) or increase neuronal excitability (through anodal stimulation). To explore the nature of the cerebellar involvement on large-field global motion perception (i.e., optic flow-like motion), we applied tDCS on the cerebellar midline while participants performed an optic flow motion discrimination task. Our results show that anodal tDCS improves discrimination threshold for optic flow perception, but only for left-right motion in contrast to up-down motion discrimination. This result was evident within the first 10 minutes of stimulation and was also found post-stimulation. Cathodal stimulation did not have any significant effects on performance in any direction. The results show that discrimination of planar optic flow can be improved with tDCS of the cerebellar midline and provide further support for the role of the human midline cerebellum in the perception of optic flow.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nankoo, J.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madan, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medina, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makepeace, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Striemer, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.15.431326</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cerebellar tDCS alters the perception of optic flow]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.18.431851v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Burst coding despite unimodal interval distributions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.18.431851v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The burst coding hypothesis posits that the occurrence of sudden high-frequency patterns of action potentials constitutes a salient syllable of the neural code. Many neurons, however, do not produce clearly demarcated bursts, an observation invoked to rule out the pervasiveness of this coding scheme across brain areas and cell types. Here we ask how identifiable spike-timing patterns have to be to preserve potent transmission of information. Should we expect that neurons avoid ambiguous patterns that are neither clearly bursts nor isolated spikes? We addressed these questions using information theory and computational simulations. By quantifying how information transmission depends on firing statistics, we found that the information transmitted is not strongly influenced by the presence of clearly demarcated modes in the interspike interval distribution, a feature often used to identify the presence of burst coding. Instead, we found that neurons having unimodal interval distributions were still able to ascribe different meanings to bursts and isolated spikes. In this regime, information transmission depends on properties of the synapses as well as the length and relative frequency of bursts. Furthermore, we found that common metrics used to quantify burstiness were also unable to predict the degree with which bursts could be used to carry information. Our results provide guiding principles for the implementation of coding strategies based on spike-timing patterns, and show that even unimodal firing statistics can be consistent with a bivariate neural code.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Williams, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payeur, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gidon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naud, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.18.431851</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Burst coding despite unimodal interval distributions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.22.432237v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The last battle of Anne of Brittany: solving mass grave through an interdisciplinary approach (paleopathology, anthropobiology, history, multiple isotopes and radiocarbon dating) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.22.432237v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mass graves are usually key historical markers with strong incentive for archeological investigations. The identification of individuals buried in mass graves has long benefitted from traditional historical, archaeological, anthropological and paleopathological techniques. The addition of novel methods including genetic, genomic and isotopic geochemistry have renewed interest in solving unidentified mass graves. In this study, we demonstrate that the combined use of these techniques allows the identification of the individuals found in two Breton historical mass graves, where one method alone would not have revealed the importance of this discovery. The skeletons likely belong to soldiers from the two enemy armies who fought during a major event of Breton history: the siege of Rennes in 1491, which ended by the wedding of the Duchess of Brittany with the King of France and signaled the end of the independence of the region. Our study highlights the value of interdisciplinary approaches with a particular emphasis on increasingly accurate isotopic markers. The development of the sulfur isoscape and testing of the triple isotope geographic assignment are detailed in a companion paper [1].
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Colleter, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bataille, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milano, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dabernat, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trost, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marchal, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guilbeau-Frugier, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pichot, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamon, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Labaune-Jean, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jean, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Cloirec, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinbrenner, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duchesne, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Telmon, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crubezy, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaouen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.22.432237</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The last battle of Anne of Brittany: solving mass grave through an interdisciplinary approach (paleopathology, anthropobiology, history, multiple isotopes and radiocarbon dating)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.02.433627v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Resilience through diversity: Loss of neuronal heterogeneity in epileptogenic human tissue renders neural networks more susceptible to sudden changes in synchrony 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.02.433627v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A myriad of pathological changes associated with epilepsy can be recast as decreases in cell and circuit heterogeneity. We thus propose recontextualizing epileptogenesis as a process where reduction in cellular heterogeneity in part, renders neural circuits less resilient to seizure. By comparing patch clamp recordings from human layer 5 (L5) cortical pyramidal neurons from epileptogenic and non-epileptogenic tissue, we demonstrate significantly decreased biophysical heterogeneity in seizure generating areas. Implemented computationally, this renders model neural circuits prone to sudden transitions into synchronous states with increased firing activity, paralleling ictogenesis. This computational work also explains the surprising finding of significantly decreased excitability in the population activation functions of neurons from epileptogenic tissue. Finally, mathematical analyses reveal a unique bifurcation structure arising only with low heterogeneity and associated with seizure-like dynamics. Taken together, this work provides experimental, computational, and mathematical support for the theory that ictogenic dynamics accompany a reduction in biophysical heterogeneity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rich, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moradi Chameh, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lefebvre, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valiante, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.02.433627</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Resilience through diversity: Loss of neuronal heterogeneity in epileptogenic human tissue renders neural networks more susceptible to sudden changes in synchrony]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.05.434142v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptional census of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.05.434142v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) contributes to tumour progression, promoting therapy resistance and immune cell evasion. Definitive molecular features of this plasticity have largely remained elusive due to the limited scale of most studies. Leveraging scRNA-seq data from 160 tumours spanning 8 different cancer types, we identify expression patterns associated with intratumoural EMP. Integrative analysis of these programs confirmed a high degree of diversity among tumours. These diverse programs are associated with combinations of various common regulatory mechanisms initiated from cues within the tumour microenvironment. We highlight that inferring regulatory features can inform effective therapeutics to restrict EMP.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cook, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vanderhyden, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.05.434142</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptional census of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.07.434299v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hibernation slows epigenetic aging in yellow-bellied marmots 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.07.434299v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Species that hibernate live longer than would be expected based solely on their body size. Hibernation is characterized by long periods of metabolic suppression (torpor) interspersed by short periods of increased metabolism (arousal). The torpor-arousal cycles occur multiple times during hibernation, and it has been suggested that processes controlling the transition between torpor and arousal states cause aging suppression. Metabolic rate is also a known correlate of longevity, we thus proposed the  hibernation-aging hypothesis whereby aging is suspended during hibernation. We tested this hypothesis in a well-studied population of yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventer), which spend 7-8 months per year hibernating. We used two approaches to estimate epigenetic age: the epigenetic clock and the epigenetic pacemaker. Variation in epigenetic age of 149 samples collected throughout the life of 73 females were modeled using generalized additive mixed models (GAMM), where season (cyclic cubic spline) and chronological age (cubic spline) were fixed effects. As expected, the GAMM using epigenetic ages calculated from the epigenetic pacemaker was better able to detect nonlinear patterns in epigenetic age change over time. We observed a logarithmic curve of epigenetic age with time, where the epigenetic age increased at a higher rate until females reached sexual maturity (2-years old). With respect to circannual patterns, the epigenetic age increased during the summer and essentially stalled during the winter. Our enrichment analysis of age-related CpG sites revealed pathways related to development and cell differentiation, while the season-related CpGs enriched pathways related to central carbon metabolism, immune system, and circadian clock. Taken together, our results are consistent with the hibernation-aging hypothesis and may explain the enhanced longevity in hibernators.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pinho, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, J. G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farrell, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haghani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zoller, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snir, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pellegrini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wayne, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blumstein, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horvath, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.07.434299</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hibernation slows epigenetic aging in yellow-bellied marmots]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.15.434853v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Vtc5 is localized to the vacuole membrane by the conserved AP-3 complex to regulate polyphosphate synthesis in budding yeast 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.15.434853v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Polyphosphates (polyP) are energy-rich polymers of inorganic phosphates assembled into chains ranging from 3-1000s of residues in length. They are thought to exist in all cells on earth and play roles in an eclectic mix of functions ranging from phosphate homeostasis to cell signaling, infection control, and blood clotting. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, polyP chains are synthesized by the vacuole-bound VTC complex, which synthesizes polyP while simultaneously translocating it into the vacuole lumen where it is stored at high concentrations. VTCs activity is promoted by an accessory subunit called Vtc5. In this work, we find that the conserved AP-3 complex is required for proper Vtc5 localization to the vacuole membrane. In human cells, previous work has demonstrated that mutation of AP-3 subunits gives rise to Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome, a rare disease with molecular phenotypes that include decreased polyP accumulation in platelet dense granules. In yeast AP-3 mutants, we find that Vtc5 is rerouted to the vacuole lumen by the ESCRT complex, where it is degraded by the vacuolar protease Pep4. Cells lacking functional AP-3 have decreased levels of polyP, demonstrating that membrane localization of Vtc5 is required for its VTC stimulatory activity in vivo. Our work provides insight into the molecular trafficking of a critical regulator of polyP metabolism in yeast. We speculate that AP-3 may also be responsible for the delivery of polyP regulatory proteins to platelet dense granules in higher eukaryotes.

HIGHLIGHTSVtc5 localization to the vacuole membrane depends on the AP-3 complex

The ESCRT pathway brings mislocalized Vtc5 to the vacuole lumen where it is degraded

Decreased polyP levels in AP-3 mutants are explained by Vtc5 mislocalization

Deletion of DOA4 restores wild-type localization of Vtc5 without restoring polyP levels
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bentley-DeSousa, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Downey, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.15.434853</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Vtc5 is localized to the vacuole membrane by the conserved AP-3 complex to regulate polyphosphate synthesis in budding yeast]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.18.435788v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BATL: Bayesian annotations for targeted lipidomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.18.435788v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationBioinformatic tools capable of annotating, rapidly and reproducibly, large, targeted lipidomic datasets are limited. Specifically, few programs enable high-throughput peak assessment of liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) data acquired in either selected or multiple reaction monitoring (SRM and MRM) modes.

ResultsWe present here Bayesian Annotations for Targeted Lipidomics (BATL), a Gaussian naive Bayes classifier for targeted lipidomics that annotates peak identities according to eight features related to retention time, intensity, and peak shape. Lipid identification is achieved by modelling distributions of these eight input features across biological conditions and maximizing the joint posterior probabilities of all peak identities at a given transition. When applied to sphingolipid and glycerophosphocholine SRM datasets, we demonstrate over 95% of all peaks are rapidly and correctly identified.

Availability and implementationBATL software is freely accessible online at https://complimet.ca/batl/ and is compatible with Safari, Firefox, Chrome and Edge.

Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chitpin, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ortega, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomlinson, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlossmacher, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saunders-Pullman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, S. A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perkins, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.18.435788</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BATL: Bayesian annotations for targeted lipidomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.22.436337v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Live imaging of SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice reveals neutralizing antibodies require Fc function for optimal efficacy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.22.436337v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) are effective in treating COVID-19 but the mechanism of immune protection is not fully understood. Here, we applied live bioluminescence imaging (BLI) to monitor the real-time effects of NAb treatment in prophylaxis and therapy of K18-hACE2 mice intranasally infected with SARS-CoV-2-nanoluciferase. We could visualize virus spread sequentially from the nasal cavity to the lungs and thereafter systemically to various organs including the brain, which culminated in death. Highly potent NAbs from a COVID-19 convalescent subject prevented, and also effectively resolved, established infection when administered within three days. In addition to direct Fab-mediated neutralization, Fc effector interactions of NAbs with monocytes, neutrophils and natural killer cells were required to effectively dampen inflammatory responses and limit immunopathology. Our study highlights that both Fab and Fc effector functions of NAbs are essential for optimal in vivo efficacy against SARS-CoV-2.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ullah, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prevost, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ladinsky, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stone, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anand, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beaudoin-Bussieres, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benlarbi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gasser, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fink, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tauzin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goyette, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bourassa, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medjahed, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mack, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilen, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dekaban, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dikeakos, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruce, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufmann, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stamatatos, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGuire, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richard, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pazgier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bjorkman, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mothes, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finzi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uchil, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.22.436337</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Live imaging of SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice reveals neutralizing antibodies require Fc function for optimal efficacy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.25.436908v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Brain virtual histology with X-ray phase-contrast tomography Part II: 3D morphologies of amyloid-β plaques in Alzheimer's disease models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.25.436908v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While numerous transgenic mouse strains have been produced to model the formation of amyloid-{beta} (A{beta}) plaques in the brain, efficient methods for whole-brain 3D analysis of A{beta} deposits are lacking. Moreover, standard immunohistochemistry performed on brain slices precludes any shape analysis of A{beta} plaques. The present study shows how in-line (propagation-based) X-ray phase-contrast tomography (XPCT) combined with ethanol-induced brain sample dehydration enables hippocampus-wide detection and morphometric analysis of A{beta} plaques. Performed in three distinct Alzheimer mouse strains, the proposed workflow identified differences in signal intensity and 3D shape parameters: 3xTg displayed a different type of A{beta} plaques, with a larger volume and area, greater elongation, flatness and mean breadth, and more intense average signal than J20 and APP/PS1. As a label-free non-destructive technique, XPCT can be combined with standard immunohistochemistry. XPCT virtual histology could thus become instrumental in quantifying the 3D spreading and the morphological impact of seeding when studying prion-like properties of A{beta} aggregates in animal models of Alzheimers disease. This is Part II of a series of two articles reporting the value of in-line XPCT for virtual histology of the brain; Part I shows how in-line XPCT enables 3D myelin mapping in the whole rodent brain and in human autopsy brain tissue.

HighlightsO_LIX-ray phase-contrast tomography (XPCT) enables whole brain detection of A{beta} plaques
C_LIO_LIMorphometric parameters of A{beta} plaques may be readily retrieved from XPCT data
C_LIO_LINew shape parameters were successfully extracted from three Alzheimers disease models
C_LIO_LIA Fiji-based "biologist-friendly" analysis workflow is proposed and shared
C_LIO_LIXPCT is a powerful virtual histology tool that requires minimal sample preparation
C_LI



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=120 SRC="FIGDIR/small/436908v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chourrout, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roux, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boisvert, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gislard, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Legland, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arganda-Carreras, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olivier, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peyrin, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boutin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rama, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baron, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyronet, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brun, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rositi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiart, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chauveau, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.25.436908</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Brain virtual histology with X-ray phase-contrast tomography Part II: 3D morphologies of amyloid-β plaques in Alzheimer's disease models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.25.437091v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Parallel and recurrent cascade models as a unifying force for understanding sub-cellular computation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.25.437091v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurons are very complicated computational devices, incorporating numerous non-linear processes, particularly in their dendrites. Biophysical models capture these processes directly by explicitly modelling physiological variables, such as ion channels, current flow, membrane capacitance, etc. However, another option for capturing the complexities of real neural computation is to use cascade models, which treat individual neurons as a cascade of linear and non-linear operations, akin to a multi-layer artificial neural network. Recent research has shown that cascade models can capture single-cell computation well, but there are still a number of sub-cellular, regenerative dendritic phenomena that they cannot capture, such as the interaction between sodium, calcium, and NMDA spikes in different compartments. Here, we propose that it is possible to capture these additional phenomena using parallel, recurrent cascade models, wherein an individual neuron is modelled as a cascade of parallel linear and non-linear operations that can be connected recurrently, akin to a multi-layer, recurrent, artificial neural network. Given their tractable mathematical structure, we show that neuron models expressed in terms of parallel recurrent cascades can themselves be integrated into multi-layered artificial neural networks and trained to perform complex tasks. We go on to discuss potential implications and uses of these models for artificial intelligence. Overall, we argue that parallel, recurrent cascade models provide an important, unifying tool for capturing single-cell computation and exploring the algorithmic implications of physiological phenomena.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Harkin, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richards, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naud, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.25.437091</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Parallel and recurrent cascade models as a unifying force for understanding sub-cellular computation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.29.436986v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GCN5 Maintains Muscle Integrity by Acetylating YY1 to Promote Dystrophin Expression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.29.436986v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This work identifies a novel role for the acetyltransferase GCN5 in regulating muscle integrity through inhibition of DNA binding activity of the transcriptional repressor YY1. Here we report that in mice a muscle-specific knockout of GCN5 (Gcn5skm-/-) reduces the expression of key structural muscle proteins, including dystrophin, resulting in myopathy. Supporting our observation, a meta-analysis between the differential transcriptome of Gcn5skm-/- muscle and all available open-access data sets identified top correlations with musculoskeletal diseases in humans. GCN5 was found to acetylate YY1 at two residues (K392 and K393), which disrupts the interaction between the YY1 zinc-finger region and DNA. De/acetylation mimics for these YY1 post-translational modifications modulated muscle structural gene expression and DNA binding. Analysis of human GTEx data also found positive and negative correlations between fiber diameter and GCN5 and YY1 respectively. Collectively, our results demonstrate that GCN5 acetyltransferase activity regulates YY1 DNA binding and expression of dystrophin to modulate muscle integrity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Addicks, G. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasam, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marshall, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Green, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katsyuba, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renaud, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Auwerx, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menzies, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.29.436986</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GCN5 Maintains Muscle Integrity by Acetylating YY1 to Promote Dystrophin Expression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.29.437548v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Self-organization of a doubly asynchronous irregular network state for spikes and bursts 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.29.437548v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cortical pyramidal cells (PCs) have a specialized dendritic mechanism for the generation of bursts, suggesting that these events play a special role in cortical information processing. In vivo, bursts occur at a low, but consistent rate. Theory suggests that this network state increases the amount of information they convey. However, because burst activity relies on a threshold mechanism, it is rather sensitive to dendritic input levels. In spiking network models, network states in which bursts occur rarely are therefore typically not robust, but require fine-tuning. Here, we show that this issue can be solved by a homeostatic inhibitory plasticity rule in dendrite-targeting interneurons that is consistent with experimental data. The suggested learning rule can be combined with other forms of inhibitory plasticity to self-organize a network state in which both spikes and bursts occur asynchronously and irregularly at low rate. Finally, we show that this network state creates the network conditions for a recently suggested multiplexed code and thereby indeed increases the amount of information encoded in bursts.

Author summaryThe language of the brain consists of sequences of action potentials. These sequences often contain bursts, short "words" consisting of a few action potentials in rapid succession. Bursts appear to play a special role in the brain. They indicate whether a stimulus was perceived or missed, and they are very effective drivers of synaptic plasticity, the neural substrate of learning. Bursts occur rarely, but consistently, a condition that is thought to maximize the amount of information they can communicate. In our article, we argue that this condition is far from self-evident, but requires very special circumstances. We show that these circumstances can be reached by homeostatic inhibitory plasticity in certain inhibitory neuron types. This may sound complicated, but basically works just like a thermostat. When bursts occur too often, inhibition goes up and suppresses them. When they are too rare, inhibition goes down and thereby increases their number. In computer simulations, we show that this simple mechanism can create circumstances akin to those in the brain, and indeed allows bursts to convey information effectively. Whether this mechanism is indeed used by the brain now remains to be tested by our experimental colleagues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vercruysse, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naud, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sprekeler, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.29.437548</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Self-organization of a doubly asynchronous irregular network state for spikes and bursts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.31.437863v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MetaProClust-MS1: A tool for clustering metaproteomes using rapid MS1 profiling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.31.437863v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metaproteomics is used to explore the composition, dynamics and function of microbial communities. How-ever, acquiring data by tandem mass spectrometry is time consuming and resource intensive. To mediate this challenge, we present MetaProClust-MS1, a computational framework for microbiome screening developed to reduce the time required for data acquisition by mass spectrometry. In this proof-of-concept study, we tested MetaProClust-MS1 on data acquired using short 15 minute MS1-only mass spectrometry gradients and compared the results to those produced using data acquired by a traditional tandem mass spectrometry approach. MetaProClust-MS1 identified robust microbiome shifts caused by xenobiotics in both datasets. Cluster topologies were also significantly correlated. We demonstrate that MetaProClust-MS1 is able to rapidly screen microbiomes using only short MS1 profiles. This approach can be used to prioritize samples for deep metaproteomic analysis and will be especially useful in large-scale metaproteomic screens or in clinical settings where rapid results are required.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Simopoulos, C. M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ning, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khamis, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavallee-Adam, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Figeys, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.31.437863</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MetaProClust-MS1: A tool for clustering metaproteomes using rapid MS1 profiling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.04.438391v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mixed selectivity coding of sensory and motor social signals in the thalamus of a weakly electric fish 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.04.438391v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent studies have shown that high-level neural activity often exhibits mixed selectivity to multivariate signals. How such representations arise and how they modulate natural behavior is poorly understood. The social behavior of weakly electric fish is relatively low-dimensional and easily reproduced in the laboratory. Here we show how electrosensory signals related to courtship and rivalry in Apteronotus leptorhynchus are represented in the preglomerular nucleus, the thalamic region exclusively connecting the midbrain with the pallium. We show that preglomerular cells convert their midbrain inputs into a mixed selectivity code that includes corollary discharge of outgoing communication signals. We discuss how the preglomerular pallial targets might use these inputs to control social behavior and determine dominance in male-male competition and female mate selection during courtship. Our results showcase the potential of the electrocommunication system as an accessible model for studying the neural substrates of social behavior and principles of multi-dimensional neural representation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wallach, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melanson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Longtin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maler, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.04.438391</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mixed selectivity coding of sensory and motor social signals in the thalamus of a weakly electric fish]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.11.439384v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CRISPR Knock-in Designer: automatic oligonucleotide design software to introduce point mutations using CRISPR/Cas9 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.11.439384v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Knock-in of precise point mutations into protein-coding genes has been one of the earliest and most important applications of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9. The ability to perform such precise gene editing is crucial to interrogate the function of specific protein residues and to create models of human diseases caused by protein amino acid changes. The homologous protein residues can be mutated in model animal species, and the consequences of these mutations can be studied, leading to a better understanding of the disease in question. Design of point mutation knock-in strategies has been a combination of manual steps assisted by several computational tools resulting in a time-consuming process and preventing a single rapid and integrated solution. We have therefore designed CRISPR Knock-in Designer, which can perform rapid and automatic design of point mutation knock-in DNA oligonucleotides upon provision of the mutation, a guide RNA, and essential identifier or sequence information. The tool supports most experimentally established CRISPR types and has multiple options for the resulting oligonucleotides to satisfy the needs of most users. We also provide allele-specific PCR-based and restriction enzyme-based genotyping strategies as part of the program output. CRISPR Knock-in Designer adjusts to the genomic context of any target codon and tries to design knock-in strategies when a codon straddles two exons, a situation we explored in whole genomes of several model species. CRISPR Knock-in Designer output can also be adapted for use with some of the newer Prime Editing design tools to facilitate the introduction of a specific mutation sequence using this advanced technology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Prykhozhij, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajan, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ban, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.11.439384</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CRISPR Knock-in Designer: automatic oligonucleotide design software to introduce point mutations using CRISPR/Cas9]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.16.440120v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Isolation of the side population from adult neurogenic niches enriches for endothelial cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.16.440120v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In stem cell research, DNA-binding dyes offer the ability to purify live stem cells using flow cytometry as they form a low-fluorescence side population due to the activity of ABC transporters. Adult neural stem cells exist within the lateral ventricle and dentate gyrus of the adult brain yet the ability of DNA-binding dyes to identify these adult stem cells as side populations remain untested. The following experiments utilize the efflux of a DNA-binding dye, Vyrbant DyeCycle Violet (DCV), to isolate bona fide side populations in the adult mouse dentate gyrus and SVZ and test their sensitivity to ABC transporter inhibitors. A distinct side population was found in both the adult lateral ventricle and dentate gyrus using DCV fluorescence and forward scatter instead of the conventional dual fluorescence approach. These side populations responded strongly to inhibition with the ABC transporter antagonists, verapamil and fumitremorgin C. The cells in the side population were identified as cerebrovascular endothelial cells characterized by their expression of CD31. These findings, therefore, suggest that the side population analysis provides an efficient method to purify endothelial cells, but not adult neural stem cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kalinina, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gnyra, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lagace, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.16.440120</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Isolation of the side population from adult neurogenic niches enriches for endothelial cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.20.440708v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptomic Changes During Stage Progression of Mycosis Fungoides 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.20.440708v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundMycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common cutaneous T cell lymphoma, which in the early patch/plaque stages runs an indolent course. However, ~25% of MF patients develop skin tumors, a hallmark of progression to the advanced stage and associated with high mortality. The mechanisms involved in stage progression are poorly elucidated.

MethodsWe performed whole-transcriptome and whole-exome sequencing of malignant MF cells from skin biopsies obtained by laser-capture microdissection. We compared three types of MF lesions: early-stage plaques (ESP, n=12), and plaques and tumors from patients in late-stage disease (late-stage plaques, LSP, n=10, and tumors, TMR, n=15). Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG analysis were used to determine pathway changes specific for different lesions which we linked to the recurrent somatic mutations overrepresented in MF tumors.

ResultsThe key upregulated pathways during stage progression were those related to cell proliferation and survival (MEK/ERK, Akt-mTOR), Th2/Th9 signaling (IL4, STAT3, STAT5, STAT6), meiomitosis (CT45A1, CT45A3, STAG3, GTSF1, and REC8) and DNA repair (PARP1, MYCN, OGG1). Principal coordinate clustering of the transcriptome revealed extensive gene expression differences between early (ESP) and advanced-stage lesions (LSP and TMR). LSP and TMR showed remarkable similarities at the level of the transcriptome, which we interpreted as evidence of cell percolation between lesions via hematogenous self-seeding.

ConclusionStage progression in MF is associated with Th2/Th9 polarization of malignant cells, activation of proliferation, survival, as well as increased genomic instability. Global transcriptomic changes in multiple lesions are probably caused by hematogenous cell percolation between discrete skin lesions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xiao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hennessey, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iyer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Keefe, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sivanand, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gniadecki, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.20.440708</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptomic Changes During Stage Progression of Mycosis Fungoides]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.25.441310v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The cortical hubs related to recovery of consciousness 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.25.441310v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Background and ObjectivesThe neural mechanism that enables the recovery of consciousness in patients with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) remains unclear. The aim of the current study is to characterize the cortical hub regions related to the recovery of consciousness in patients with UWS.

MethodsVoxel-wise degree centrality analysis was adopted to identify the cortical hubs related to the recovery of consciousness, for which a total of 27 UWS patients were used, including 13 patients who emerged from UWS (UWS-E), and 14 patients who remained in UWS (UWS-R) at least three months after the experiment performance. Furthermore, other recoverable unconscious states including three independent deep sleep datasets (n = 12, 9, 9 respectively) and three independent anesthesia datasets (n = 27, 14, 6 respectively) were adopted as validation groups. Spatial similarity of the hub characteristic with the validation groups between the UWS-E and UWS-R was compared using the dice coefficient. Finally, with the cortical regions persistently shown as hubs across UWS-E and validation states, functional connectivity analysis was further performed to explore the connectivity patterns underlying the recovery of consciousness.

ResultsFour cortical hubs were identified with significantly higher degree centrality for UWS-E than UWS-R, including the anterior precuneus, left inferior parietal lobule, left inferior frontal gyrus, and left middle frontal gyrus, of which the degree centrality value also positively correlated with the patients Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score. Furthermore, the anterior precuneus was found to show significantly higher similarity of hub characteristics as well as functional connectivity pattern between UWS-E and validation groups, compared with UWS-R.

DiscussionThe results suggest that the recovery of consciousness may be relevant to the integrity of cortical hubs, especially the anterior precuneus. The identified cortical hub regions could serve as potential targets for noninvasive stimulation aimed at promoting the patients consciousness recovery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fogel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanabe, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hudetz, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Northoff, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.25.441310</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The cortical hubs related to recovery of consciousness]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.28.441811v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ROMO1 is essential for glucose coupling in the pancreatic beta cell of male mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.28.441811v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aims/HypothesisReactive oxygen species modulator 1 (ROMO1) is a highly conserved inner mitochondrial membrane protein that senses reactive oxygen species and regulates mitochondrial dynamics. ROMO1 is required for mitochondrial fusion in vitro, and silencing ROMO1 increases sensitivity to cell death stimuli. The physiological role of ROMO1 remains unclear.

MethodsTo determine the role of ROMO1 in vivo, we used gene targeting in mice to ablate ROMO1 in the whole mouse and to conditionally knock out ROMO1 in the pancreatic beta cell. Mitochondrial functional analyses were performed on isolated mouse and human islets lacking ROMO1.

ResultsWe show that ROMO1 is essential for embryonic development, as ROMO1-null mice die before embryonic day 8.5, earlier than GTPases OPA1 or MFN1/2 that catalyze mitochondrial inner and outer membrane fusion. Knockout of ROMO1 in adult pancreatic beta cells results in impaired glucose homeostasis in young male mice due to an insulin secretion defect. Isolated islets from male, but not female, mice showed impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. While mitochondria from female mice were morphologically normal, mitochondria in Romo1 adult beta cell knockout (RABKO) cells from male mice were swollen and fragmented, with a reduction in mtDNA content. Knockout of ROMO1 did not affect basal respiration in males or females, but deletion of ROMO1 in both sexes in mice and isolated human islets reduced spare respiratory capacity (SRC), which involved the specific loss of respiratory activity at Complex II/SDH. Aging of female ROMO1 KO mice resulted in loss of spare respiratory capacity and glucose intolerance.

Conclusions/InterpretationOur data demonstrate that ROMO1 is a key regulator of mitochondrial bioenergetics and SRC and is required for effective nutrient coupling to insulin secretion in the beta cell. These observations point to a critical role for spare respiratory capacity in the maintenance of euglycemia and to the potential for targeting ROMO1-complex II to promote glucose coupling in settings of insulin insufficiency.

Research in ContextWhat is already known about this subject?

O_LIROMO1 is required for mitochondrial fusion
C_LIO_LIGlucose coupling to insulin secretion is accomplished in part via generation of NADH during the oxidation of glycolytic metabolites in the TCA cycle
C_LIO_LISpare respiratory capacity is lost in aging
C_LI

What is the key question?

O_LIWhat is the physiological role of ROMO1 in the whole animal and the pancreatic beta cell?
C_LI

What are the new findings?

O_LIROMO1 is essential for mouse development
C_LIO_LIROMO1 is required to maintain spare respiratory capacity (SRC) and to promote insulin secretion in the beta cells of mice and humans
C_LIO_LIAblation of the Romo1 gene in the pancreatic beta cell leads to glucose coupling defects and glucose intolerance in young males and aged females
C_LIO_LIAging highlights the importance of SRC in the beta cell for maintaining euglycemia
C_LI

How might this impact clinical practice in the foreseeable future?

O_LIAging is a significant risk factor for T2D. Human males, but not females, experience a loss of insulin secretion with age; designing strategies that enhance ROMO1 and complex II activity to promote SRC may help to reverse these effects.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wells, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iorio, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, A. C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reeks, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yee, S.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Screaton, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.28.441811</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ROMO1 is essential for glucose coupling in the pancreatic beta cell of male mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.01.442266v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Retention Time Standardization and Registration (RTStaR): An algorithm that matches corresponding and identifies unique species in nanoliquid chromatography-nanoelectrospray ionization-mass spectrometry lipidomic datasets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.01.442266v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bioinformatic tools capable of registering, rapidly and reproducibly, large numbers of nanoliquid chromatography-nanoelectrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-nESI-MS/MS) lipidomic datasets are lacking. We provide here a freely available Retention Time Standardization and Registration (RTStaR) algorithm that aligns nLC-nESI-MS/MS spectra within a single dataset and compares these aligned retention times across multiple datasets. This two-step calibration matches corresponding and identifies unique lipid species in different lipidomes from different matrices and organisms. RTStaR was developed using a population-based study of 1001 human serum samples composed of 71 distinct glycerophosphocholine metabolites comprising a total of 68,572 analytes. Platform and matrix independence were validated using different MS instruments, nLC methodologies, and mammalian lipidomes. The complete algorithm is packaged in two modular ExcelTM workbook templates for easy implementation. RTStaR is freely available from the India Taylor Lipidomics Research Platform http://www.neurolipidomics.ca/rtstar/rtstar.html. Technical support is provided through ldomic@uottawa.ca
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Blanchard, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Granger, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fai, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Figeys, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paus, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pausova, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, S. A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.01.442266</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Retention Time Standardization and Registration (RTStaR): An algorithm that matches corresponding and identifies unique species in nanoliquid chromatography-nanoelectrospray ionization-mass spectrometry lipidomic datasets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.26.444470v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanosensitive Osteogenesis on Native Cellulose Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.26.444470v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In recent years, plant-derived cellulosic biomaterials have become a popular way to create scaffolds for a variety of tissue engineering applications. Moreover, such scaffolds possess similar physical properties (porosity, stiffness) that resemble bone tissues and have been explored as potential biomaterials for tissue engineering applications. Here, plant-derived cellulose scaffolds were seeded with MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cells. Moreover, to assess the potential of these biomaterials, we also applied cyclic hydrostatic pressure (HP) to the cells and scaffolds over time to mimic a bone-like environment more closely. After one week of proliferation, cell-seeded scaffolds were exposed to HP up to 270 KPa at a frequency of 1Hz, once per day, for up to two weeks. Scaffolds were incubated in osteogenic inducing media (OM) or regular culture media (CM). The effect of cyclic HP combined with OM on cell-seeded scaffolds resulted in an increase of differentiated cells. This corresponded to an upregulation of alkaline phosphatase activity and scaffold mineralization. Importantly, the results reveal that well known mechanosensitive pathways cells which regulate osteogenesis appear to remain functional even on novel plant-derived cellulosic biomaterials.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Leblanc Latour, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pelling, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.26.444470</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanosensitive Osteogenesis on Native Cellulose Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.27.443845v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RSL24D1 sustains steady-state ribosome biogenesis and pluripotency translational programs in embryonic stem cells. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.27.443845v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Embryonic stem cell (ESC) fate decisions are regulated by a complex molecular circuitry that requires tight and coordinated gene expression regulations at multiple levels from chromatin organization to mRNA processing. Recently, ribosome biogenesis and translation have emerged as key regulatory pathways that efficiently control stem cell homeostasis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of these pathways remain largely unknown to date. Here, we analyzed the expression, in mouse ESCs, of over 300 genes involved in ribosome biogenesis and we identified RSL24D1 as the most differentially expressed between self-renewing and differentiated ESCs. RSL24D1 is highly expressed in multiple mouse pluripotent stem cell models and its expression profile is conserved in human ESCs. RSL24D1 is associated with nuclear pre-ribosomes and is required for the maturation and the synthesis of 60S subunits in mouse ESCs. Interestingly, RSL24D1 depletion significantly impairs global translation, particularly of key pluripotency factors, including POU5F1 and NANOG, as well as components of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). Consistently, RSL24D1 is required for mouse ESC self-renewal and proliferation. Taken together, we show that RSL24D1-dependant ribosome biogenesis is required to both sustain the expression of pluripotent transcriptional programs and silence developmental programs, which concertedly dictate ESC homeostasis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>DURAND, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>BRUELLE, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>BOURDELAIS, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>BENNYCHEN, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>BLIN-GONTHIER, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>ISAAC, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>HUYGHE, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>SEYVE, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>VANBELLE, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MEYRONET, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>CATEZ, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DIAZ, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavial, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ricci, E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DUCRAY, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>GABUT, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.27.443845</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RSL24D1 sustains steady-state ribosome biogenesis and pluripotency translational programs in embryonic stem cells.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.27.446002v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Elevated colonic microbiota-associated paucimannosidic and truncated N-glycans in pediatric ulcerative colitis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.27.446002v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pediatric ulcerative colitis (UC) is a distinct type of inflammatory bowel disease with severe disease activity and rapid progression, which can lead to detrimental life-long consequences. The pathogenesis of pediatric UC remains unclear, although dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been considered an important factor. In this study, we used mass spectrometry-based glycomic approaches to examine the N-glycans that were associated with the intestinal mucosal-luminal interface microbiota cells of treatment-naive pediatric UC or control patients. We observed abundant paucimannosidic and other truncated N-glycans that were associated with the microbiota and found that the pediatric UC microbiota samples contained significantly higher levels of these atypical N-glycans compared to those of controls. This study indicates that intestinal N-glycans may be used as novel UC biomarker candidates and the aberrant metabolism of glycans by gut microbiota may be involved in the pathogenesis of UC in children.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ning, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Twine, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stintzi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mack, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Figeys, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.27.446002</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Elevated colonic microbiota-associated paucimannosidic and truncated N-glycans in pediatric ulcerative colitis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.18.448928v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell RNA sequencing-based characterization of resident lung mesenchymal stromal cells in bronchopulmonary dysplasia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.18.448928v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Late lung development is a period of alveolar and microvascular formation, which is pivotal in ensuring sufficient and effective gas exchange. Defects in late lung development manifest in premature infants as a chronic lung disease named bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Numerous studies demonstrated the therapeutic properties of exogenous bone marrow and umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in experimental BPD. However, very little is known regarding the regenerative capacity of resident lung MSCs (L-MSCs) during normal development and in BPD. In this study we aimed to characterize the L-MSC population in homeostasis and upon injury. We used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to profile in situ Ly6a+ L-MSCs in the lungs of normal and O2-exposed neonatal mice (a well-established model to mimic BPD) at three developmental timepoints (postnatal days 3, 7 and 14). Hyperoxia exposure increased the number, and altered the expression profile of L-MSCs, particularly by increasing the expression of multiple pro-inflammatory, pro-fibrotic, and anti-angiogenic genes. In order to identify potential changes induced in the L-MSCs transcriptome by storage and culture, we profiled 15,000 Ly6a+ L-MSCs after in vitro culture. We observed great differences in expression profiles of in situ and cultured L-MSCs, particularly those derived from healthy lungs. Additionally, we have identified the location of L-MSCs in the developing lung and propose Serpinf1 as a novel, culture-stable marker of L-MSCs. Finally, cell communication analysis suggests inflammatory signals from immune and endothelial cells as main drivers of hyperoxia-induced changes in L-MSCs transcriptome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mizikova, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lesage, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cyr-Depauw, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cook, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hurskainen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanninen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vadivel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bardin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carpen, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vanderhyden, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thebaud, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.18.448928</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell RNA sequencing-based characterization of resident lung mesenchymal stromal cells in bronchopulmonary dysplasia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.25.449907v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Temporal derivative computation in the dorsal raphe network revealed by an experimentally-driven augmented integrate-and-fire modeling framework 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.25.449907v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
By means of an expansive innervation, the serotonin (5-HT) neurons of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) are positioned to enact coordinated modulation of circuits distributed across the entire brain in order to adaptively regulate behavior. Yet the network computations that emerge from the excitability and connectivity features of the DRN are still poorly understood. To gain insight into these computations, we began by carrying out a detailed electrophysiological characterization of genetically-identified mouse 5-HT and somatostatin (SOM) neurons. We next developed a single-neuron modeling framework that combines the realism of Hodgkin-Huxley models with the simplicity and predictive power of generalized integrate-and-fire (GIF) models. We found that feedforward inhibition of 5-HT neurons by heterogeneous SOM neurons implemented divisive inhibition, while endocannabinoid-mediated modulation of excitatory drive to the DRN increased the gain of 5-HT output. Our most striking finding was that the output of the DRN encodes a mixture of the intensity and temporal derivative of its input, and that the temporal derivative component dominates this mixture precisely when the input is increasing rapidly. This network computation primarily emerged from prominent adaptation mechanisms found in 5-HT neurons, including a previously undescribed dynamic threshold. By applying a bottom-up neural network modeling approach, our results suggest that the DRN is particularly apt to encode input changes over short timescales, reflecting one of the salient emerging computations that dominate its output to regulate behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Harkin, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payeur, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lynn, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boucher, J.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caya-Bissonnette, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cyr, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Longtin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naud, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beïque, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.25.449907</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Temporal derivative computation in the dorsal raphe network revealed by an experimentally-driven augmented integrate-and-fire modeling framework]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.03.451004v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Three-dimensional drug screen identifies HDAC inhibitors as therapeutic agents in mTORC1-driven lymphangioleiomyomatosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.03.451004v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare disease involving cystic lung destruction by invasive LAM cells. These cells harbor loss-of-function mutations in TSC2, conferring constitutive mTORC1 signaling. Rapamycin is the only clinically approved disease-modifying treatment, but its action is cytostatic and disease progresses upon its withdrawal. There is a critical need to identify novel agents that prevent the invasive phenotype and/or eradicate the neoplastic LAM cells. Here, we employed novel cellular and extracellular models to screen for candidate therapeutics in a physiologically relevant setting. We observed that lung-mimetic hydrogel culture of pluripotent stem cell-derived diseased cells more faithfully recapitulates human LAM biology compared to conventional culture on two-dimensional tissue culture plastic. Leveraging our culture system, we conducted a three-dimensional drug screen using a custom 800-compound library, tracking cytotoxicity and invasion modulation phenotypes at the single cell level. We identified histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors as a group of anti-invasive agents that are also selectively cytotoxic towards TSC2-/- cells. Unexpectedly, we observed that next generation ATP-competitive mTORC1/2 inhibitors potentiate invasion. We determined anti-invasive effects of HDAC inhibitors to be independent of genotype, while selective cell death is mTORC1-dependent and mediated by apoptosis. Drug performance was subsequently evaluated at the single cell level in zebrafish xenografts. We observed consistent therapeutic efficacy in vivo at equivalent concentrations to those used in vitro, substantiating HDAC inhibitors as potential therapeutic candidates for pursuit in patients with LAM.

One Sentence SummaryWe performed a drug screen in 3D and discovered HDAC inhibitors exhibit therapeutic efficacy in models of the lung disease lymphangioleiomyomatosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pietrobon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yockell-Lelievre, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melong, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delaney, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azzam, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merwin, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lian, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camacho-Magallanes, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dore, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Musso, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Julian, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kristof, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tam, R. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berman, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shoichet, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stanford, W. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.03.451004</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Three-dimensional drug screen identifies HDAC inhibitors as therapeutic agents in mTORC1-driven lymphangioleiomyomatosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.04.451072v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Examining the effects of an anti-Salmonella bacteriophage preparation, BAFASAL, on ex vivo human gut microbiome composition and function using a multi-omics approach 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.04.451072v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Salmonella infections (salmonellosis) pose serious health risks to humans, usually via contamination in our food chain. This foodborne pathogen causes major food losses and human illnesses that result in significant economic impacts. Pathogens such as Salmonella have traditionally been kept at bay through the use of antibiotics, but antibiotic overuse within the food industry has led to the development of numerous multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. Thus, governments are now restricting antibiotic use, forcing the industry to search for alternatives to secure safe food chains. Bacteriophages, viruses that infect and kill bacteria, are currently being investigated and used as replacement treatments and prophylactics due to their specificity and efficacy. They are generally regarded as safe alternatives to antibiotics as they are natural components of the ecosystem. One example is BAFASEL, a commercial bacteriophage mixture that specifically targets Salmonella and is currently approved for use in poultry farming. However, when specifically used in the industry they can also make their way into humans through our food chain or exposure as is the case for antibiotics. In particular, agricultural workers could be repeatedly exposed to bacteriophages supplemented in animal feeds. To the best of our knowledge, no studies have investigated the effects of such exposure to bacteriophages on the human gut microbiome. In this study, we used a novel in vitro assay called RapidAIM to investigate BAFASALs potential impact on five individual human gut microbiomes. Multi-omics analyses, including 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metaproteomic, revealed that ex vivo human gut microbiota composition and function were unaffected by BAFASAL treatment providing an additional measure for its safety. Due to the critical role of the gut microbiome in human health and the known role of bacteriophages in regulation of microbiome composition and function, we suggest assaying the impact of bacteriophage-cocktails on the human gut microbiome as a part of their safety assessment.

Graphical Abstract O_FIG_DISPLAY_L [Figure 1] M_FIG_DISPLAY C_FIG_DISPLAY
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mayne, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Butcher, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ning, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wojcik, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dastych, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stintzi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Figeys, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.04.451072</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Examining the effects of an anti-Salmonella bacteriophage preparation, BAFASAL, on ex vivo human gut microbiome composition and function using a multi-omics approach]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.07.451476v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Biomechanical study of cellulose scaffolds for bone tissue engineering in vivo and in vitro. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.07.451476v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plant-derived cellulose biomaterials have recently been utilized in several tissue engineering applications. These naturally-derived cellulose scaffolds have been shown to be highly biocompatible in vivo, possess structural features of relevance to several tissues, and support mammalian cell invasion and proliferation. Recent work utilizing decellularized apple hypanthium tissue has shown that it possesses a pore size similar to trabecular bone and can successfully host osteogenic differentiation. In the present study, we further examined the potential of apple-derived cellulose scaffolds for bone tissue engineering (BTE) and analyzed their mechanical properties in vitro and in vivo. MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts were seeded in cellulose scaffolds. Following chemically-induced osteogenic differentiation, scaffolds were evaluated for mineralization and for their mechanical properties. Alkaline phosphatase and Alizarin Red staining confirmed the osteogenic potential of the scaffolds. Histological analysis of the constructs revealed cell invasion and mineralization throughout the constructs. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy demonstrated the presence of mineral aggregates on the scaffolds after culture in differentiation medium, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy confirmed the presence of phosphate and calcium. However, although the Youngs modulus significantly increased after cell differentiation, it remained lower than that of healthy bone tissue. Interestingly, mechanical assessment of acellular scaffolds implanted in rat calvaria defects for 8 weeks revealed that the force required to push out the scaffolds from the surrounding bone was similar to that of native calvarial bone. In addition, cell infiltration and extracellular matrix deposition were visible within the implanted scaffolds. Overall, our results confirm that plant-derived cellulose is a promising candidate for BTE applications. However, the discrepancy in mechanical properties between the mineralized scaffolds and healthy bone tissue may limit their use to low load-bearing applications. Further structural re-engineering and optimization to improve the mechanical properties may be required for load-bearing applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Leblanc Latour, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tarar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hickey, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cuerrier, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Catelas, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pelling, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.07.451476</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Biomechanical study of cellulose scaffolds for bone tissue engineering in vivo and in vitro.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.09.451812v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Impact of temperature on the affinity of SARS-CoV-2 Spike for ACE2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.09.451812v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The seasonal nature in the outbreaks of respiratory viral infections with increased transmission during low temperatures has been well established. The current COVID-19 pandemic makes no exception, and temperature has been suggested to play a role on the viability and transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2. The receptor binding domain (RBD) of the Spike glycoprotein binds to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to initiate viral fusion. Studying the effect of temperature on the receptor-Spike interaction, we observed a significant and stepwise increase in RBD-ACE2 affinity at low temperatures, resulting in slower dissociation kinetics. This translated into enhanced interaction of the full Spike to ACE2 receptor and higher viral attachment at low temperatures. Interestingly, the RBD N501Y mutation, present in emerging variants of concern (VOCs) that are fueling the pandemic worldwide, bypassed this requirement. This data suggests that the acquisition of N501Y reflects an adaptation to warmer climates, a hypothesis that remains to be tested.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Prevost, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richard, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gasser, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fage, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anand, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adam, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta Vergara, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tauzin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benlarbi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goyette, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prive, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moreira, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charest, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mothes, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pazgier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brochiero, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boivin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abrams, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finzi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.09.451812</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Impact of temperature on the affinity of SARS-CoV-2 Spike for ACE2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.12.452061v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Newly Emergent Apelin Expressing Endothelial Stem-like Cells Orchestrate Lung Microvascular Repair 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.12.452061v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
QuestionWe sought to define the mechanism underlying lung microvascular regeneration in a severe acute lung injury (ALI) model induced by selective lung endothelial cell ablation.

MethodsChanges in lung cell populations and gene expression profiles were determined in transgenic mice expressing human diphtheria toxin (DT) receptor targeted to ECs using single-cell RNA sequencing at baseline (day 0) and days 3, 5 and 7 after lung EC ablation.

ResultsEight distinct endothelial clusters were resolved, including alveolar aerocytes (aCap) ECs expressing apelin at baseline, and general capillary (gCap) ECs expressing the apelin receptor. Intratracheal instillation of DT resulted in ablation of >70% of lung ECs, producing severe ALI with near complete resolution by 7 days. At 3 days post injury, a novel gCap population emerged characterized by de novo expression of apelin, together with the stem cell marker, protein C receptor. These stem-like cells transitioned to proliferative ECs, expressing apelin receptor together with the pro-proliferative transcription factor, FoxM1. This progenitor-like cell population was responsible for the rapid replenishment of all depleted EC populations by 7 days post injury, including aerocytes which play a critical role in re-establishment of the air-blood barrier. Treatment with an apelin receptor antagonist prevented recovery and resulted in excessive mortality, consistent with a central role for apelin signaling in EC regeneration and microvascular repair.

ConclusionThe lung has a remarkable capacity for microvasculature EC regeneration which is orchestrated by signaling between newly emergent apelin-expressing gCap endothelial stem-like cells and highly proliferative, apelin receptor positive endothelial progenitors.

Take-Home messageUsing sublethal lung endothelial cell (EC) ablation, we show for the first that EC regeneration and resolution of acute lung injury is orchestrated by novel apelin-expressing, gCap endothelial stem-like cells by a mechanism requiring apelin signaling.

Graphical Abstract O_FIG_DISPLAY_L [Figure 1] M_FIG_DISPLAY C_FIG_DISPLAY

A schematic representation of EC populations contributing to microvascular repair. At baseline (Day 0), there are two main alveolar groups of capillary ECs: larger apelin positive aCap ECs, termed aerocytes, that play a key structural role in forming the air-blood barrier; and smaller apelin receptor (Aplnr) expressing gCap ECs, which are found in the thicker regions at the corners of the alveoli. After DT-induced EC ablation, there is a marked depletion of both EC populations and the appearance of novel transitional and transient populations. At Day 3, there is the appearance of stem-like gCap ECs that paradoxically express apelin, but not its receptor, and are characterized by various stem and progenitor cell markers but show no evidence of proliferation. By Day 5, these transition to ECs expressing Aplnr which have a strong proliferative phenotype, as evidenced by FoxM1 and Ki67 expression, and then rapidly replenish depleted EC pools, including aCap ECs, by Day 7. This transition is orchestrated by the interaction of apelin with its receptor as a critical mechanism in lung microvascular regeneration after EC injury. AT1 = alveolar type -1 epithelial cell; AT2 = alveolar type-2 epithelial cell; APLNR = apelin receptor; ANGPT2 = angiopoietin 2; EPCR = Endothelial protein C receptor.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Godoy, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cook, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cober, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakravarti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rowe, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.12.452061</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Newly Emergent Apelin Expressing Endothelial Stem-like Cells Orchestrate Lung Microvascular Repair]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.13.452242v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Experimental evidence that metapopulation structure can accelerate adaptive evolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.13.452242v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Whether the spatial arrangement of a population influences adaptive evolution has puzzled evolutionary biologists. Theoretical models make contrasting predictions about the probability a beneficial mutation will become fixed in a population for certain topologies like stars, where leaf populations are connected through a hub. To date, these predictions have not been evaluated under realistic conditions. Here, we test the prediction that topology can change the fixation probability both in vitro and in silico by tracking the dynamics of a beneficial mutant under positive selection as it spreads through networks of different topologies. Our results provide empirical support that metapopulation topology can increase the likelihood that a beneficial mutation spreads, broadens the conditions under which this phenomenon is thought to occur, and points the way towards using network topology to amplify the effects of weakly favored mutations under directed evolution in industrial applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chakraborty, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nemzer, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kassen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.13.452242</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Experimental evidence that metapopulation structure can accelerate adaptive evolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.15.452564v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Revealing Protein-Level Functional Redundancy in the Human Gut Microbiome using Ultra-deep Metaproteomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.15.452564v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Functional redundancy is a key property of ecosystems and represents the fact that phylogenetically unrelated taxa can play similar functional roles within an ecosystem. The redundancy of potential functions of human microbiome has been recently quantified using metagenomics data. Yet, the redundancy of functions which are actually expressed within the human microbiome remains largely unexplored. Here, we quantify the protein-level functional redundancy in the human gut microbiome using metaproteomics and network approaches. In particular, our ultra-deep metaproteomics approach revealed high protein-level functional redundancy and high nestedness in proteomic content networks - bipartite graphs that connect taxa with their expressed functions. We further examined multiple metaproteomics datasets and showed that various environmental factors, including individuality, biogeography, xenobiotics, and disease, significantly altered the protein-level functional redundancy. Finally, by projecting the bipartite proteomic content networks into unipartite weighted genus networks, functional hub genera across individual microbiomes were discovered, suggesting that there may be a universal principle of functional organization in microbiome assembly.

HighlightsO_LIUltra-deep metaproteomics reveals high protein-level functional redundancy in the human gut microbiome
C_LIO_LIWithin-sample proteomic content networks display universal topology
C_LIO_LIVarious environmental factors influence the redundancy of expressed functions
C_LIO_LIFunctional hub genera are present across different datasets
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ning, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Butcher, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simopoulos, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayne, J. M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stintzi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mack, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Figeys, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.15.452564</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Revealing Protein-Level Functional Redundancy in the Human Gut Microbiome using Ultra-deep Metaproteomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.23.453492v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Delineating Medical Education: Bibliometric Research Approach(es) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.23.453492v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe field of medical education remains poorly delineated such that there is no broad consensus of the articles and journals that comprise "the field." This lack of consensus has implications for conducting bibliometric studies and other research designs (e.g., systematic reviews); it also challenges the field to compare citation scores in the field and across others and for an individual to identify themselves as "a medical education researcher." Other fields have utilized bibliometric field delineation, which is the assigning of articles or journals to a certain field in an effort to define that field.

ProcessIn this Research Approach, three bibliometric field delineation approaches -- information retrieval, core journals, and journal co-citation -- are introduced. For each approach, the authors describe their attempt to apply it in the medical education context and identify related strengths and weaknesses. Based on co-citation, the authors propose the Medical Education Journal List 24 (MEJ-24), as a starting point for delineating medical education and invite the community to collaborate on improving and potentially expanding this list.

PearlsAs a research approach, field delineation is complicated, and there is no clear best way to delineate the field of medical education. However, recent advances in information and computer science provide potentially more fruitful approaches to deal with the complexity of the field. When considering these emerging approaches, researchers should consider collaborating with bibliometricians.

Bibliometric approaches rely on available metadata for articles and journals, which necessitates that researchers examine the metadata prior to analysis to understand its strengths and weaknesses, and to assess how this might affect their data interpretation. While using bibliometric approaches for field delineation is valuable, it is important to remember that these techniques are only as good as the research teams interpretation of the data, which suggests that an expanded research approach is needed to better delineate medical education, an approach that includes active discussion within the medical education community.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Maggio, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ninkov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frank, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Costello, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Artino, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.23.453492</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Delineating Medical Education: Bibliometric Research Approach(es)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.23.453609v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Golden Gate Assembly of Aerobic and Anaerobic Microbial Bioreporters 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.23.453609v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbial bioreporters provide direct insight into cellular processes by producing a quantifiable signal dictated by reporter gene expression. The core of a bioreporter is a genetic circuit in which a reporter gene (or operon) is fused to promoter and regulatory sequences that govern its expression. In this study, we develop a system for constructing novel Escherichia coli bioreporters based on Golden Gate assembly, a synthetic biology approach for the rapid and seamless fusion of DNA fragments. Gene circuits are generated by fusing promoter and reporter sequences encoding yellow fluorescent protein, mCherry, bacterial luciferase, and an anaerobically active flavin-based fluorescent protein. We address a barrier to the implementation of Golden Gate assembly by designing a series of compatible destination vectors that can accommodate the assemblies. We validate the approach by measuring the activity of constitutive bioreporters and mercury and arsenic biosensors in quantitative exposure assays. We also demonstrate anaerobic quantification of mercury and arsenic in biosensors that produce flavin-based fluorescent protein, highlighting the expanding range of redox conditions that can be examined by microbial bioreporters.

IMPORTANCEMicrobial bioreporters are versatile genetic tools with wide-ranging applications, particularly in the field of environmental toxicology. For example, biosensors that produce a signal output in the presence of a specific analyte offer less costly alternatives to analytical methods for the detection of environmental toxins such as mercury and arsenic. Biosensors of specific toxins can also be used to test hypotheses regarding mechanisms of uptake, toxicity, and biotransformation. In this study, we develop an assembly platform that uses a synthetic biology technique to streamline construction of novel Escherichia coli bioreporters that produce fluorescent or luminescent signals. We validate the approach by synthesizing and testing an array of bioreporters, including arsenic and mercury biosensors, that produce signal outputs in environments ranging from aerobic to highly reduced anaerobic growth conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hinz, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stenzler, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poulain, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.23.453609</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Golden Gate Assembly of Aerobic and Anaerobic Microbial Bioreporters]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.02.454546v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural Basis and Mode of Action for Two Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 Emerging Variants of Concern 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.02.454546v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Emerging variants of concern for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can transmit more efficiently and partially evade protective immune responses, thus necessitating continued refinement of antibody therapies and immunogen design. Here we elucidate the structural basis and mode of action for two potent SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) neutralizing monoclonal antibodies CV3-1 and CV3-25 that remained effective against emerging variants of concern in vitro and in vivo. CV3-1 bound to the (485-GFN-487) loop within the receptor-binding domain (RBD) in the "RBD-up" position and triggered potent shedding of the S1 subunit. In contrast, CV3-25 inhibited membrane fusion by binding to an epitope in the stem helix region of the S2 subunit that is highly conserved among {beta}-coronaviruses. Thus, vaccine immunogen designs that incorporate the conserved regions in RBD and stem helix region are candidates to elicit pan-coronavirus protective immune responses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mothes, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prevost, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ullah, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tauzin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gasser, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vezina, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anand, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goyette, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaterjee, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tolbert, W. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grunst, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richard, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esser, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeher, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cote, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sodroski, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uchil, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pazgier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finzi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.02.454546</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural Basis and Mode of Action for Two Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 Emerging Variants of Concern]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.08.455571v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell-Type Specific Responses to Associative Learning in the Primary Motor Cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.08.455571v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The primary motor cortex (M1) is known to be a critical site for movement initiation and motor learning. Surprisingly, it has also been shown to possess reward-related activity, presumably to facilitate reward-based learning of new movements. However, whether reward-related signals are represented among different cell types in M1, and whether their response properties change after cue-reward conditioning remains unclear. Here, we performed longitudinal in vivo two-photon Ca2+ imaging to monitor the activity of different neuronal cell types in M1 while mice engaged in a classical conditioning task. Our results demonstrate that most of the major neuronal cell types in M1 showed robust but differential responses to both cue and reward stimuli, and their response properties undergo cell-type specific modifications after associative learning. PV-INs responses became more reliable to the cue stimulus, while VIP-INs responses became more reliable to the reward stimulus. PNs only showed robust response to the novel reward stimulus, and they habituated to it after associative learning. Lastly, SOM-IN responses emerged and became more reliable to both conditioned cue and reward stimuli after conditioning. These observations suggest that cue- and reward-related signals are represented among different neuronal cell types in M1, and the distinct modifications they undergo during associative learning could be essential in triggering different aspects of local circuit reorganization in M1 during reward-based motor skill learning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harkin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naud, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.08.455571</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell-Type Specific Responses to Associative Learning in the Primary Motor Cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.12.456011v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Long reads and Hi-C sequencing illuminate the two-compartment genome of the model arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiont Rhizophagus irregularis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.12.456011v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromosome folding links genome structure with gene function by generating distinct nuclear compartments and topologically associating domains (TADs). In mammals, these undergo preferential interactions and regulate gene expression. However, their role in fungal genome biology is unclear. Here, we combine Nanopore (ONT) sequencing with chromatin conformation capture sequencing (Hi-C) to reveal chromosome and epigenetic diversity in a group of obligate plant symbionts; the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). We find that five phylogenetically distinct strains of the model AMF Rhizophagus irregularis carry 33 chromosomes with substantial within species variability in size, as well as in gene and repeat content. Strain-specific Hi-C contact maps all reveal a  checkerboard pattern that underline two dominant euchromatin (A) and heterochromatin (B) compartments. Each compartment differs in the level of gene transcription, regulation of candidate effectors and methylation frequencies. The A-compartment is more gene-dense and contains most core genes, while the B-compartment is more repeat-rich and has higher rates of chromosomal rearrangement. While the B-compartment is transcriptionally repressed, it has significantly more secreted proteins and in planta up-regulated candidate effectors, suggesting a possible host-induced change in chromosome conformation. Overall, this study provides a fine-scale view into the genome biology and evolution of prominent plant symbionts, and opens avenues to study the epigenetic mechanisms that modify chromosome folding during host-microbe interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yildirir, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sperschneider, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malar, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iwasaki, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cornell, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corradi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.12.456011</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Long reads and Hi-C sequencing illuminate the two-compartment genome of the model arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiont Rhizophagus irregularis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.17.456520v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Learning to be on time: temporal coordination of neural dynamics by activity-dependent myelination 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.17.456520v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Activity-dependent myelination is the mechanism by which myelin changes as a function of neural activity, and plays a fundamental role in brain plasticity. Mediated by structural changes in glia, activity-dependent myelination regulates axonal conduction velocity. It remains unclear how neural activity impacts myelination to orchestrate the timing of neural signaling. We developed a model of spiking neurons enhanced with neuron-glia feedback. Inspired by experimental data and use-dependent synaptic plasticity, we introduced a learning rule, called the Activity-Dependent Myelination (ADM) rule, by which conduction velocity scales with firing rates. We found that the ADM rule implements a homeostatic control mechanism that promotes and preserves synchronization. ADM-mediated plasticity was found to optimize synchrony by compensating for variability in axonal lengths by scaling conduction velocity in an axon-specific way. This property was maintained even when the network structure is altered. We further explored how external stimuli interact with the ADM rule to trigger bidirectional and reversible changes in conduction delays. These results highlight the role played by activity-dependent myelination in synchronous neural communication and brain plasticity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Talidou, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frankland, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mabbott, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lefebvre, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.17.456520</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Learning to be on time: temporal coordination of neural dynamics by activity-dependent myelination]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.18.456666v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deep Bayesian networks for uncertainty estimation and adversarial resistance of white matter hyperintensity segmentation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.18.456666v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are frequently observed on structural neuroimaging of elderly populations and are associated with cognitive decline and increased risk of dementia. Many existing WMH segmentation algorithms produce suboptimal results in populations with vascular lesions or brain atrophy, or require parameter tuning and are computationally expensive. Additionally, most algorithms do not generate a confidence estimate of segmentation quality, limiting their interpretation. MRI-based segmentation methods are often sensitive to acquisition protocols, scanners, noise-level, and image contrast, failing to generalize to other populations and out-of-distribution datasets. Given these concerns, we propose a novel Bayesian 3D Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with a U-Net architecture that automatically segments WMH, provides uncertainty estimates of the segmentation output for quality control and is robust to changes in acquisition protocols. We also provide a second model to differentiate deep and periventricular WMH. 432 subjects were recruited to train the CNNs from four multi-site imaging studies. A separate test set of 158 subjects was used for evaluation, including an unseen multi-site study. We compared our model to two established state-of-the-art techniques (BIANCA and DeepMedic), highlighting its accuracy and efficiency. Our Bayesian 3D U-Net achieved the highest Dice similarity coefficient of 0.89 {+/-} 0.08 and the lowest modified Hausdorff distance of 2.98 {+/-} 4.40 mm. We further validated our models highlighting their robustness on  clinical adversarial cases simulating data with low signal-to-noise ratio, low resolution, and different contrast (stemming from MRI sequences with different parameters). Our pipeline and models are available at: https://hypermapp3r.readthedocs.io
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mojiri Forooshani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biparva, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ntiri, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramirez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boone, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holmes, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adamo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozzoude, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, C. J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dowlatshahi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawrence-Dewar, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lang, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marcotte, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leonard, c.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rochon, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heyn, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartha, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strother, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tardif, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Symons, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masellis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swartz, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moody, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Black, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goubran, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.18.456666</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deep Bayesian networks for uncertainty estimation and adversarial resistance of white matter hyperintensity segmentation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.20.457155v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A small molecule drug screening identifies colistin sulfate as an enhancer of Natural Killer cell cytotoxicity. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.20.457155v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Because of their crucial role in tumor immunity, NK cells have quickly become a prime target for immunotherapies, with adoptive transfer of NK cells and the use of NK cell engagers quickly moving to clinical stage. On the other hand, only few studies have focused on small molecule drugs capable of unleashing NK cell against cancer. In this context, repurposing small molecule is an attractive strategy to identify new immunotherapies from already approved drugs. Here, we screened 1,200 FDA-approved drugs from the Prestwick Chemical Library, to identify compounds that increase NK cell cytotoxic potential. Using a high-throughput luciferase-release cytotoxicity assay, we found that the antibiotic colistin sulfate increased cytotoxicity of human NK cells towards cancer cells. The effect of colistin was short lived and was not observed when NK cells were pretreated with the drug, showing how NK cell activity was potentiated only when the compound was present at the time of recognition of cancer cells. Further studies are needed to uncover the mechanism of action and the pre-clinical efficacy of colistin sulfate in mouse cancer models.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cortes-Kaplan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasim, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaczmarek, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taha, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maznyi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McComb, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diallo, J.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ardolino, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.20.457155</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A small molecule drug screening identifies colistin sulfate as an enhancer of Natural Killer cell cytotoxicity.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.23.457348v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Viral spillover risk in High Arctic increases with melting glaciers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.23.457348v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The host spectrum of viruses is quite diverse, as they can sustainedly infect a few species to several phyla. When confronted with a new host, a virus may even infect it and transmit sustainably in this new host, a process called "viral spillover." However, the risk of such events is difficult to quantify. As climate change is rapidly transforming environments, it is becoming critical to quantify the potential for spillovers. To address this issue, we resorted to a metagenomics approach and focused on two environments, soil and lake sediments from Lake Hazen, the largest High Arctic freshwater lake in the world. We used DNA and RNA sequencing to reconstruct the lakes virosphere in both its sediments and soils, as well as its range of eukaryotic hosts. We then estimated the spillover risk by measuring the congruence between the viral and the eukaryotic host phylogenetic trees, and show that spillover risk is higher in lake sediments than in soil, and increases with runoff from glacier melt, a proxy for climate change. Should climate change also shift species range of potential viral vectors and reservoirs northwards, the High Arctic could become fertile ground for emerging pandemics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lemieux, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colby, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poulain, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aris-Brosou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.23.457348</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Viral spillover risk in High Arctic increases with melting glaciers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.27.457933v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Six1 Promotes Skeletal Muscle Thyroid Hormone Response through Regulation of the MCT10 Transporter 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.27.457933v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Six1 transcription factor is implicated in controlling the development of several tissue types, notably skeletal muscle. Six1 also contributes to muscle metabolism and its activity is associated with the fast-twitch, glycolytic phenotype. Six1 regulates the expression of certain genes of the fast muscle program by directly stimulating their transcription or indirectly acting through a long non-coding RNA. Under the hypothesis that additional mechanisms of action might be at play, a combined analysis of gene expression profiling and genome-wide location analysis data was performed. The Slc16a10 gene, encoding the thyroid hormone transmembrane transporter MCT10, was identified as a gene with a transcriptional enhancer directly bound by Six1 and requiring Six1 activity for full expression in adult mouse tibialis anterior, a predominantly fast-twitch muscle. Of the various thyroid hormone transporters, MCT10 mRNA was found to be the most abundant in skeletal muscle, and to have a stronger expression in fast-twitch compared to slow-twitch muscle groups. Loss-of-function of MCT10 in the tibialis anterior recapitulated the effect of Six1 on the expression of fast-twitch muscle genes and led to lower activity of a thyroid hormone receptor-dependent reporter gene. These results shed light on the molecular mechanisms controlling the tissue expression profile of MCT10 and identify modulation of the thyroid hormone signaling pathway as an additional mechanism by which Six1 influences skeletal muscle metabolism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Blais, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakroun, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.27.457933</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Six1 Promotes Skeletal Muscle Thyroid Hormone Response through Regulation of the MCT10 Transporter]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.03.458912v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sex differences in central and peripheral fatigue induced by sustained isometric ankle plantar flexion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.03.458912v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The main aim of this study was to determine sex differences in central and peripheral fatigue produced by a sustained isometric exercise of ankle plantar flexors in healthy young adults. Ten males and fourteen females performed a sustained isometric ankle exercise until task failure. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction torque (plantarflexion), voluntary activation level (using the twitch interpolation technique), and twitch contractile properties (twitch peak torque, twitch half relaxation time, and low frequency fatigue index) were measured before, immediately after, and throughout a recovery period (1, 2, 5, and 10 min) following the exercise protocol in order to characterize neuromuscular fatigue. Fatigue had a significant effect (p [&le;] 0.05) on all dependent variables. Other than for the maximal voluntary contraction torque, where males showed a greater fatigue-related decrease than females, males and females showed generally similar changes with fatigue. Altogether, our findings indicate no major differences in central or peripheral fatigue mechanisms between males and females to explain a somewhat greater fatigability in males.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goubran, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bilodeau, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.03.458912</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sex differences in central and peripheral fatigue induced by sustained isometric ankle plantar flexion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.14.460334v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sensitivity of discrete symmetry metrics: implications for metric choice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.14.460334v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gait asymmetry is present in several pathological populations, including those with Parkinsons disease, Huntingtons disease, and stroke survivors. Previous studies suggest that commonly used discrete symmetry metrics, which compare single bilateral variables, may not be equally sensitive to underlying effects of asymmetry, and the use of a metric with low sensitivity could result in unnecessarily low statistical power. The purpose of this study was to provide a comprehensive assessment of the sensitivity of commonly used discrete symmetry metrics to better inform design of future studies. Monte Carlo simulations were used to estimate the statistical power of each symmetry metric at a range of asymmetry magnitudes, group/condition variabilities, and sample sizes. Power was estimated by repeated comparison of simulated symmetric and asymmetric data with a paired t-test, where the proportion of significant results is equivalent to the power. Simulation results confirmed that not all common discrete symmetry metrics are equally sensitive to reference effects of asymmetry. Multiple symmetry metrics exhibit equivalent sensitivities, but the most sensitive discrete symmetry metric in all cases is a bilateral difference (e.g. left - right). A ratio (e.g. left/right) has poor sensitivity when group/condition variability is not small, but a log-transformation produces increased sensitivity. Additionally, two metrics which included an absolute value in their definitions showed increased sensitivity when the absolute value was removed. Future studies should consider metric sensitivity when designing analyses to reduce the possibility of underpowered research.

Summary statementStatistical power is an important factor in study design. Our results show that not all discrete symmetry metrics have similar or sufficient sensitivity to detect effects of asymmetry.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hill, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nantel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.14.460334</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sensitivity of discrete symmetry metrics: implications for metric choice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.15.460455v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deletion or inhibition of astrocytic transglutaminase 2 promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.15.460455v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Following CNS injury astrocytes become "reactive" and exhibit pro-regenerative or harmful properties. However, the molecular mechanisms that cause astrocytes to adopt either phenotype are not well understood. Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) plays a key role in regulating the response of astrocytes to insults. Here we used mice in which TG2 was specifically deleted in astrocytes (Gfap-Cre+/-TG2fl/fl, referred to here as TG2-A-cKO) in a spinal cord contusion injury (SCI) model. Deletion of TG2 from astrocytes resulted in a significant improvement in motor function following SCI. GFAP and NG2 immunoreactivity, as well as number of SOX9 positive cells, were significantly reduced in TG2-A-cKO_mice. RNA-seq analysis of spinal cords from TG2-A-cKO and control mice 3 days postinjury identified thirty-seven differentially expressed genes, all of which were increased in TG2-A-cKO mice. Pathway analysis reveals a prevalence for fatty acid metabolism, lipid storage and energy pathways, which play essential roles in neuron-astrocyte metabolic coupling. Excitingly, treatment of wild type mice with the selective TG2 inhibitor VA4 significantly improved functional recovery after SCI, similar to what was observed using the genetic model. These findings indicate the use of TG2 inhibitors as a novel strategy for the treatment of SCI and other CNS injuries.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Elahi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emerson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rudlong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keillor, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salois, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Visca, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Girardi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, G. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Proschel, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.15.460455</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deletion or inhibition of astrocytic transglutaminase 2 promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.24.461689v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effects of arm swing amplitude and lower limb asymmetry on motor variability patterns during treadmill gait 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.24.461689v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Motor variability is a fundamental feature of gait. Altered arm swing and lower limb asymmetry (LLA) may be contributing factors having been shown to affect the magnitude and dynamics of variability in spatiotemporal and trunk motion. However, the effects on lower limb joints remain unclear.

Full-body kinematics of 15 healthy young adults were recorded during treadmill walking using the Computer-Assisted Rehabilitation Environment system. Participants completed six trials, combining three arm swing (AS) amplitude (normal, active, held) and two LLA (symmetrical, asymmetrical) conditions. The mean standard deviation (meanSD), maximum Lyapunov exponent ({lambda}max), detrended fluctuation analysis scaling exponent of range of motion (DFA), and sample entropy (SaEn) were computed for tridimensional trunk, pelvis, and lower limb joint angles, and compared using repeated-measures ANOVAs.

Relative to normal AS, active AS increased meanSD of all joint angles, {lambda}max of frontal plane hip and ankle angles, and SaEn of sagittal plane ankle angles. Active AS, however, did not affect {lambda}max or SaEn of trunk or pelvis angles. LLA increased meanSD of sagittal plane joint angles, {lambda}max of Euclidean norm trunk angle and of lower limb joint angles, and SaEn of ankle dorsiflexion/ plantarflexion, but decreased SaEn of tridimensional trunk angles and hip rotation in the slower moving leg.

Alterations in lower limb variability with active AS and LLA suggest that young adults actively exploit their lower limb redundancies to maintain gait. This appears to preserve trunk stability and regularity during active AS but not during LLA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bailey, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hill, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graham, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nantel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.24.461689</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effects of arm swing amplitude and lower limb asymmetry on motor variability patterns during treadmill gait]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.27.461967v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Validity and sensitivity of an inertial measurement unit-driven biomechanical model of motor variability for gait 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.27.461967v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Motor variability in gait is frequently linked to fall risk, yet field-based biomechanical joint evaluations are scarce. We evaluated the validity and sensitivity of an inertial measurement unit (IMU)-driven biomechanical model of joint angle variability for gait. Fourteen healthy young adults completed seven-minute trials of treadmill gait at several speeds and arm swing amplitudes. Joint kinematics were estimated by IMU- and optoelectronic-based models using OpenSim. We calculated range of motion (ROM), magnitude of variability (meanSD), local dynamic stability ({lambda}max), persistence of ROM fluctuations (DFA), and regularity (SaEn) of each angle over 200 continuous strides, and evaluated model accuracy (e.g., RMSD: root mean square difference), consistency (ICC2,1: intraclass correlation), biases, limits of agreement, and sensitivity to within-participant gait responses (effects of Speed and Swing). RMSDs of joint angles were 1.7-7.5{degrees} (pooled mean of 4.8{degrees}), excluding ankle inversion. ICCs were mostly good- excellent in the primary plane of motion for ROM and in all planes for meanSD and {lambda}max, but were poor-moderate for DFA and SaEn. Modeled Speed and Swing responses for ROM, meanSD, and {lambda}max were similar. Results suggest that the IMU-driven model is valid and sensitive for field-based assessments of joint angles and several motor variability features.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bailey, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uchida, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nantel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graham, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.27.461967</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Validity and sensitivity of an inertial measurement unit-driven biomechanical model of motor variability for gait]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.27.462004v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deficiency of Irx5 protects mice from diet-induced obesity and associated metabolic abnormalities 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.27.462004v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Obesity, a leading cause of several metabolic abnormalities, is mainly due to an imbalance of energy homeostasis. IRX3 and IRX5 have been suggested as determinants of obesity in connection with the intronic variants of FTO, the strongest genetic risk factor of polygenic obesity in humans. Although the causal effects of Irx3 on obesity and its related metabolic consequences have been demonstrated in vivo, the metabolic function of Irx5 remains unclear. In this study, using mice homozygous for an Irx5-knockout (Irx5KO) allele, we show a direct link between Irx5 expression and regulation of body mass/composition and energy homeostasis. Irx5KO mice are leaner and resistant to diet-induced obesity and associated metabolic abnormalities, primarily through the loss of adiposity with an increase in basal metabolic rate with adipose thermogenesis and lower food intake. Furthermore, our long-term feeding analysis found that Irx3 mutant mouse lines also have less food intake, indicating that lower caloric intake also contributes to their lean phenotype. Together, these results demonstrate that Irx5 is critical for energy homeostasis and regulation of body mass/composition and suggest that it likely acts in other tissues beyond adipocytes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Son, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, K.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hui, C.-c.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.27.462004</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deficiency of Irx5 protects mice from diet-induced obesity and associated metabolic abnormalities]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.30.462621v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evaluating live microbiota biobanking using an ex vivo microbiome assay and metaproteomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.30.462621v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biobanking of live microbiota is becoming indispensable for mechanistic and clinical investigations of drug-microbiome interactions and fecal microbiota transplantation. However, there is a lack of methods to rapidly and systematically evaluate whether the biobanked microbiota maintains their cultivability and functional activity. In this study, we use a rapid ex vivo microbiome assay and metaproteomics to evaluate the cultivability and the functional responses of biobanked microbiota to treatment with a prebiotic (fructo-oligosaccharide, FOS). Our results indicate that the microbiota cultivability and their functional responses to FOS treatment were well maintained by freezing in a deoxygenated glycerol buffer at -80{degrees}C for 12 months. We also demonstrate that the fecal microbiota is functionally stable for 48 hours on ice in a deoxygenated glycerol buffer, allowing off-site fecal sample collection and shipping to laboratory for live microbiota biobanking. This study provides a method for rapid evaluation of the cultivability of biobanked live microbiota. Our results show minimal detrimental influences of long-term freezing in deoxygenated glycerol buffer on the cultivability of fecal microbiota.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayne, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ning, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stintzi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Figeys, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.30.462621</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evaluating live microbiota biobanking using an ex vivo microbiome assay and metaproteomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.01.462622v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
tACS competes with ongoing oscillations for control of spike-timing in the primate brain. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.01.462622v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is commonly used to enhance brain rhythms, in the hopes of improving behavioral performance. Unfortunately, these interventions often yield highly variable results. Here, we identify a key source of this variability by recording from single neurons in alert non-human primates. We find that, rather than enhancing rhythmic activity, tACS appears to compete with the brains endogenous oscillations for control of spike timing. Specifically, when the strength of stimulation is weak relative to endogenous oscillations, tACS actually decreases the rhythmicity of spiking. However, when stimulation is comparatively stronger, tACS imposes its own rhythm on spiking activity. Thus the effect of tACS depends categorically on the strength of neural entrainment to endogenous oscillations, which varies greatly across behavioral states and brain regions. Without carefully considering these factors, attempts to impose external rhythms on specific brain regions may often yield precisely the opposite of the intended effect.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Krause, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vieira, P. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thivierge, J.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pack, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.01.462622</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[tACS competes with ongoing oscillations for control of spike-timing in the primate brain.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.13.464123v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Constitutive nuclear accumulation of endogenous alpha-synuclein in mice causes motor dysfunction and cortical atrophy, independent of protein aggregation. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.13.464123v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundA growing body of evidence suggests that nuclear alpha-synuclein (Syn) plays a role in the pathogenesis of Parkinsons disease (PD). However, this question has been difficult to address as controlling the localization of Syn in experimental systems often requires protein overexpression, which affects its aggregation propensity.

MethodsWe engineered SncaNLS mice which localize endogenous Syn to the nucleus. We characterized these mice on a behavioral, histological, and biochemical level to determine whether the increase of nuclear Syn is sufficient to elicit PD-like phenotypes.

ResultsSncaNLS mice exhibit age-dependent motor deficits and altered gastrointestinal function. We found that these phenotypes were not linked to Syn aggregation or phosphorylation. Through histological analyses, we observed motor cortex atrophy in the absence of midbrain dopaminergic neurodegeneration. We sampled cortical proteomes of SncaNLS mice and controls to determine the molecular underpinnings of these pathologies. Interestingly, we found several dysregulated proteins involved in dopaminergic signaling, namely Darpp-32, which we further confirmed was decreased in cortical samples of the SncaNLS mice compared to controls via immunoblotting.

ConclusionsThese results suggest that chronic endogenous nuclear Syn can elicit toxic phenotypes in mice, independent of its aggregation. This model raises key questions related to the mechanism of Syn toxicity in PD and provides a new model to study an underappreciated aspect of PD pathogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Geertsma, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suk, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ricke, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horsthuis, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parmasad, J.-L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisk, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Callaghan, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rousseaux, M. W. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.13.464123</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Constitutive nuclear accumulation of endogenous alpha-synuclein in mice causes motor dysfunction and cortical atrophy, independent of protein aggregation.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.17.464700v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Plant-based production of SARS-CoV-2 antigens for use in a subunit vaccine 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.17.464700v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought to the forefront an urgent need for the rapid development of highly efficacious vaccines, particularly in light of the ongoing emergence of multiple variants of concern. Plant-based recombinant protein platforms are emerging as cost-effective and highly scalable alternatives to conventional protein production. Viral glycoproteins, however, are historically challenging to produce in plants. Herein, we report the production of plant-expressed wild-type glycosylated SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD (receptor-binding domain) protein that is recognized by anti-RBD antibodies and exhibits high-affinity binding to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2). Moreover, our plant-expressed RBD was readily detected by IgM, IgA, and IgG antibodies from naturally infected convalescent, vaccinated, or convalescent and vaccinated individuals. We further demonstrate that RBD binding to the ACE2 receptor was efficiently neutralized by antibodies from sera of SARS-CoV-2 convalescent and partially and fully vaccinated individuals. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that recombinant RBD produced in planta exhibits suitable biochemical and antigenic features for use in a subunit vaccine platform.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Demone, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maltseva, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nourimand, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nasr-Sharif, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galipeau, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Langlois, M.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacLean, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.17.464700</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Plant-based production of SARS-CoV-2 antigens for use in a subunit vaccine]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.18.464855v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Estimating null and potent modes of feedforward communication in a computational model of cortical activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.18.464855v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Communication across anatomical areas of the brain is key to both sensory and motor processes. Dimensionality reduction approaches have shown that the covariation of activity across cortical areas follows well-delimited patterns. Some of these patterns fall within the "potent space" of neural interactions and generate downstream responses; other patterns fall within the "null space" and prevent the feedforward propagation of synaptic inputs. Despite growing evidence for the role of null space activity in visual processing as well as preparatory motor control, a mechanistic understanding of its neural origins is lacking. Here, we developed a mean-rate model that allowed for the systematic control of feedforward propagation by potent and null modes of interaction. In this model, altering the number of null modes led to no systematic changes in firing rates, correlations, or mean synaptic strengths across areas, making it difficult to characterize feedforward communication with common measures of functional connectivity. A novel measure termed the null ratio captured the proportion of null modes relayed from one area to another. Applied to simultaneous recordings of primate cortical areas V1 and V2 during image viewing, the null ratio revealed that feedforward interactions have a broad null space that may reflect properties of visual stimuli.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Thivierge, J.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pilzak, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.18.464855</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Estimating null and potent modes of feedforward communication in a computational model of cortical activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.07.471131v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Plant-based expression of SARS-CoV-2 antigens for use in an oral vaccine 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.07.471131v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Oral and intra-nasal vaccines represent a key means of inducing mucosal-based immunity against infection with SARS-CoV-2, yet such vaccines represent only a minority of candidates currently in development. In this brief communication, we assessed the expression of the SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) subunit of the surface-exposed Spike glycoprotein in the leaves of nine edible plant species (lettuce, spinach, collard greens, tomato, cucumber, radish, arugula, pepper, and Coho greens), with a goal of identifying a suitable candidate for the development of an oral vaccine against COVID-19. We report lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Hilde II Improved) to be a preferred host to support in planta expression of SARS-CoV-2 RBD, representing an important first step towards development of a plant-based oral vaccine.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Power, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azad, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bell, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacLean, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.07.471131</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Plant-based expression of SARS-CoV-2 antigens for use in an oral vaccine]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.17.473193v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mesoscale cortex-wide neural dynamics predict self-initiated actions in mice several seconds prior to movement 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.17.473193v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Volition - the sense of control or agency over ones voluntary actions - is widely recognized as the basis of both human subjective experience and natural behavior in non-human animals. Several human studies have found peaks in neural activity preceding voluntary actions, e.g. the readiness potential (RP), and some have shown upcoming actions could be decoded even before awareness. Others propose that random processes underlie and explain pre-movement neural activity. Here we seek to address these issues by evaluating whether pre-movement neural activity in mice contains structure beyond that present in random neural activity. Implementing a self-initiated water-rewarded lever pull paradigm in mice while recording widefield [Ca++] neural activity we find that cortical activity changes in variance seconds prior to movement and that upcoming lever pulls could be predicted between 3 to 5 seconds (or more in some cases) prior to movement. We found inhibition of motor cortex starting at approximately - 5sec prior to lever pulls and activation of motor cortex starting at approximately 2sec prior to a random unrewarded left limb movement. We show that mice, like humans, are biased towards commencing self-initiated actions during specific phases of neural activity but that the pre-movement neural code changes over time in some mice and is widely distributed as behavior prediction improved when using all vs single cortical areas. These findings support the presence of structured multi-second neural dynamics preceding self-initiated action beyond that expected from random processes. Our results also suggest that neural mechanisms underlying self-initiated action could be preserved between mice and humans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mitelut, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sekino, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyd, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolanos, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swindale, N. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silasi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saxena, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.17.473193</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mesoscale cortex-wide neural dynamics predict self-initiated actions in mice several seconds prior to movement]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.18.473317v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Temporal associations of B and T cell immunity with robust vaccine responsiveness in a 16-week interval BNT162b2 regimen 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.18.473317v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spacing of the BNT162b2 mRNA doses beyond 3 weeks raised concerns about vaccine efficacy. We longitudinally analyzed B cell, T cell and humoral responses to two BNT162b2 mRNA doses administered 16 weeks apart in 53 SARS-CoV-2 naive and previously-infected donors. This regimen elicited robust RBD-specific B cell responses whose kinetics differed between cohorts, the second dose leading to increased magnitude in naive participants only. While boosting did not increase magnitude of CD4+ T cell responses further compared to the first dose, unsupervised clustering analyses of single-cell features revealed phenotypic and functional shifts over time and between cohorts. Integrated analysis showed longitudinal immune component-specific associations, with early Thelper responses post-first dose correlating with B cell responses after the second dose, and memory Thelper generated between doses correlating with CD8 T cell responses after boosting. Therefore, boosting elicits a robust cellular recall response after the 16-week interval, indicating functional immune memory.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nayrac, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dube, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sannier, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicolas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marchitto, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tastet, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tauzin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brassard, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beaudoin-Bussieres, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vezina, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benlarbi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gasser, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laumaea, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bourassa, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gendron-Lepage, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medjahed, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goyette, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ortega-Delgado, G.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laporte, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niessl, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gokool, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morrisseau, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arlotto, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richard, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tremblay, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martel-Laferriere, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finzi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufmann, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.18.473317</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Temporal associations of B and T cell immunity with robust vaccine responsiveness in a 16-week interval BNT162b2 regimen]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.20.473401v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Arsenal of Nanobodies for Broad-Spectrum Countermeasures against Current and Future SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concerns 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.20.473401v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nanobodies offer several potential advantages over mAbs for the control of SARS-CoV-2. Their ability to access cryptic epitopes conserved across SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoCs) and feasibility to engineer modular, multimeric designs, make these antibody fragments ideal candidates for developing broad-spectrum therapeutics against current and continually emerging SARS-CoV-2 VoCs. Here we describe a diverse collection of 37 anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein nanobodies extensively characterized as both monovalent and IgG Fc-fused bivalent modalities. The panel of nanobodies were shown to have high intrinsic affinity; high thermal, thermodynamic and aerosolization stability; broad subunit/domain specificity and cross-reactivity across many VoCs; wide-ranging epitopic and mechanistic diversity; high and broad in vitro neutralization potencies; and high neutralization efficacies in hamster models of SARS-CoV-2 infection, reducing viral burden by up to six orders of magnitude to below detectable levels. In vivo protection was demonstrated with anti-RBD and previously unreported anti-NTD and anti-S2 nanobodies. This collection of nanobodies provides a therapeutic toolbox from which various cocktails or multi-paratopic formats could be built to tackle current and future SARS-CoV-2 variants and SARS-related viruses. Furthermore, the high aerosol-ability of nanobodies provides the option for effective needle-free delivery through inhalation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rossotti, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Faassen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheff, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandhu, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duque, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hewitt, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bavananthasivam, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beitari, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matte, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laroche, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giguere, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gervais, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stuible, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guimond, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perret, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hussack, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Langlois, M.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durocher, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanha, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.20.473401</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Arsenal of Nanobodies for Broad-Spectrum Countermeasures against Current and Future SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concerns]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.21.473679v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Spike recognition by plasma from individuals receiving BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination with a 16-weeks interval between doses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.21.473679v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Continuous emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) is fueling the COVID-19 pandemic. Omicron (B.1.1.529), is rapidly spreading worldwide. The large number of mutations in its Spike raised concerns about a major antigenic drift that could significantly decrease vaccine efficacy and infection-induced immunity. A long interval between BNT162b2 mRNA doses was shown to elicit antibodies that efficiently recognize Spikes from different VOCs. Here we evaluated the recognition of Omicron Spike by plasma from a cohort of SARS-CoV-2 naive and previously-infected individuals that received their BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine 16-weeks apart. Omicron Spike was recognized less efficiently than D614G, Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta Spikes. We compared to plasma activity from participants receiving a short (4-weeks) interval regimen. Plasma from individuals of the long interval cohort recognized and neutralized better the Omicron Spike compared to those that received a short interval. Whether this difference confers any clinical benefit against Omicron remains unknown.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chatterjee, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tauzin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marchitto, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boutin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bourassa, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beaudoin-Bussieres, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laumaea, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vezina, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perreault, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gokool, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morrisseau, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arlotto, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fournier, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guilbault, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delisle, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levade, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goyette, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gendron-Lepage, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medjahed, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Serres, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tremblay, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martel-Laferriere, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufmann, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bazin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prevost, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moreira, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richard, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cote, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finzi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.21.473679</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Spike recognition by plasma from individuals receiving BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination with a 16-weeks interval between doses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.11.475789v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PFTK1 kinase regulates axogenesis during development via RhoA activation. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.11.475789v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PFTK1/Eip63E is a member of the Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) family and plays an important role in normal cell cycle progression. Eip63E expresses primarily in postnatal and adult nervous system in Drosophila melanogaster but its role in CNS development remains unknown. We sought to understand the function of Eip63E in the CNS by studying the fly ventral nerve cord during development. Our results demonstrate that Eip63E regulates axogenesis in neurons and its deficiency leads to neuronal defects. Functional interaction studies performed using the same system identify an interaction between Eip63E and the small GTPase Rho1. Furthermore, deficiency of Eip63E homolog in mice, PFTK1, in a newly generated PFTK1 knockout mice results in increased axonal outgrowth confirming that the developmental defects observed in the fly model are due to defects in axogenesis. Importantly, RhoA phosphorylation and activity is affected by PFTK1 in primary neuronal cultures. We here report that GDP bound inactive RhoA is a substrate of PFTK1 and PFTK1 phosphorylation is required for RhoA activity. In conclusion, our work establishes an unreported neuronal role of PFTK1 in axon development mediated by phosphorylation and activation of GDP-bound RhoA. The results presented add to our understanding of the role of Cdks in the maintenance of RhoA mediated axon growth and its impact on CNS development and axonal regeneration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Joselin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez Gonzalez, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamkar, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jafar-nejad, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez Alvarez, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawari, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sonnenfeld, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slack, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albert, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.11.475789</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PFTK1 kinase regulates axogenesis during development via RhoA activation.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.12.475990v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ancestral acetylcholine receptor β-subunit forms homopentamers that prime before opening spontaneously 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.12.475990v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human adult muscle-type acetylcholine receptors are heteropentameric ion channels formed from two -subunits, and one each of the {beta}-, {delta}-, and {varepsilon}-subunits. To form functional channels, the subunits must assemble with one another in a precise stoichiometry and arrangement. Despite being different, the four subunits share a common ancestor that is presumed to have formed homopentamers. The extent to which the properties of the modern-day receptor result from its subunit complexity is unknown. Here we show that a reconstructed ancestral muscle-type {beta}-subunit can form homopentameric ion channels. These homopentamers open spontaneously and display single-channel hallmarks of muscle-type acetylcholine receptor activity. Our findings demonstrate that signature features of muscle-type acetylcholine receptor function are independent of agonist, and do not necessitate the complex heteropentameric architecture of the modern-day receptor.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tessier, C. J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sturgeon, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emlaw, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCluskey, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez-Areales, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>daCosta, C. J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.12.475990</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ancestral acetylcholine receptor β-subunit forms homopentamers that prime before opening spontaneously]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.15.474735v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comprehensive assessment of functional effects of commonly used sweeteners on ex vivo human gut microbiome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.15.474735v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The gut microbiome composition and function are associated with health and diseases. Sweeteners are widely used food additives, although many studies using animal models have linked sweetener consumption to gut microbial changes and health issues. Whether sweeteners directly change the human gut microbiome functionality remains largely unknown. In this study, we systematically investigated the responses of five human gut microbiomes to 21 common sweeteners, using an approach combining high-throughput ex vivo microbiome culturing and metaproteomics to quantify functional changes in different taxa. Hierarchical clustering based on metaproteomic responses of individual microbiomes resulted in two clusters. The first cluster was composed of non-caloric artificial sweeteners (NAS) and two sugar alcohols with shorter carbon backbones (4-5 carbon atoms), and the second cluster was composed of sugar alcohols with longer carbon backbones. The metaproteomic functional responses of the second cluster were similar to the prebiotic fructooligosaccharides and kestose, indicating that these sugar alcohol-type sweeteners have potential prebiotic functions. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the direct effects of commonly used sweeteners on the functions of the human gut microbiome using a functional metaproteomics approach, improving our understanding of the roles of sweeteners on microbiome-associated human health and disease issues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ning, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayne, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stintzi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Figeys, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.15.474735</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comprehensive assessment of functional effects of commonly used sweeteners on ex vivo human gut microbiome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.21.477182v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pharmacological inhibition of HDAC6 downregulates TGF-β via Smad2/3 acetylation and improves dystrophin-deficient muscles. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.21.477182v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Abstract / SummaryThe absence of dystrophin in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) disrupts the dystrophin dystroglycan glycoprotein complex (DGC) resulting in fibers fragility and atrophy, associated with fibrosis and microtubules and neuromuscular junction (NMJ) disorganization. The specific non-conventional cytoplasmic histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) was previously shown to regulate acetylcholine receptor distribution and muscle atrophy. Here we show that administration of the HDAC6 specific inhibitor tubastatin A to the DMD mouse model mdx improves muscle strength, restores microtubules, NMJ and DGC organization, and reduces muscle atrophy and fibrosis. These effects involve the known action of HDAC6 on microtubules acetylation and muscle atrophy but also involve a yet undiscovered action of HDAC6 on transforming growth factor beta (TGF-{beta}) signaling. Conversely, to inhibitors of nuclear HDACs that regulate TGF-{beta} signaling via the activation of Follistatin expression, HDAC6 inhibition acts downstream of TGF-{beta} ligands and receptors by increasing Smad2/3 acetylation in the cytoplasm which in turn inhibits its phosphorylation and transcriptional activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Osseni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravel-Chapuis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scionti, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gangloff, Y.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moncollin, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mounier, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leblanc, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jasmin, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaeffer, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.21.477182</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pharmacological inhibition of HDAC6 downregulates TGF-β via Smad2/3 acetylation and improves dystrophin-deficient muscles.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.21.477291v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Becoming metrics literate: An analysis of brief videos that teach about the h-index 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.21.477291v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IntroductionAcademia uses scholarly metrics, such as the h-index, to make hiring, promotion, and funding decisions. These high-stakes decisions require that those using scholarly metrics be able to recognize, interpret, critically assess and effectively and ethically use them. This study aimed to characterize educational videos about the h-index to understand available resources and provide recommendations for future educational initiatives.

MethodsThe authors analyzed videos on the h-index posted to YouTube. Videos were identified by searching YouTube and were screened by two authors. To code the videos the authors created a coding sheet, which assessed content and presentation style with a focus on the videos educational quality based on Cognitive Load Theory. Two authors coded each video independently with discrepancies resolved by group consensus.

ResultsThirty-one videos met inclusion criteria. Twenty-one videos (68%) were screencasts and seven used a "talking head" approach. Twenty-six videos defined the h-index (83%) and provided examples of how to calculate and find it. The importance of the h-index in high-stakes decisions was raised in 14 (45%) videos. Sixteen videos (52%) described caveats about using the h-index, with potential disadvantages to early researchers the most prevalent (n=7; 23%). All videos incorporated various educational approaches with potential impact on viewer cognitive load. Most videos (n=21; 68%) displayed amateurish production quality.

DiscussionThe videos featured content with potential to enhance viewers metrics literacies such that many defined the h-index and described its calculation, providing viewers with skills to recognize and interpret the metric. However, less than half described the h-index as an author quality indicator, which has been contested, and caveats about h-index use were inconsistently presented, suggesting room for improvement. While most videos integrated practices to facilitate balancing viewers cognitive load, few (32%) were of professional production quality. Some videos missed opportunities to adopt particular practices that could benefit learning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Maggio, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeffrey, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haustein, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samuel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.21.477291</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Becoming metrics literate: An analysis of brief videos that teach about the h-index]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.02.478728v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ddp1 cooperates with Ppx1 to counter a stress response initiated by non-vacuolar polyphosphate 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.02.478728v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In diverse cells from bacterial to mammalian species, inorganic phosphate is stored in long chains called polyphosphates (polyP). These near universal polymers, ranging from 3 to thousands of phosphate moieties in length, are associated with molecular functions including energy homeostasis, protein folding, and cell signaling. In many cell types, polyphosphate is concentrated in subcellular compartments or organelles. In the budding yeast S. cerevisiae, polyP synthesis by the membrane-bound VTC complex is coupled to its translocation into the lumen of the vacuole, a lysosome-related organelle, where it is stored at high concentrations. In contrast, ectopic expression of bacterial polyphosphate kinase, PPK, results in the toxic accumulation of polyP outside of the vacuole. In this study, we used label-free mass spectrometry to investigate the mechanisms underlying this toxicity. We find that PPK expression results in the activation of a stress response mediated in part by the Hog1 and Yak1 kinases, and Msn2/Msn4 transcription factors. This response is countered by the combined action of the Ddp1 and Ppx1 polyphosphatases that function together to counter polyP accumulation and downstream toxicity. In contrast, ectopic expression of previously proposed mammalian polyphosphatases did not impact PPK-mediated toxicity in this model, suggesting either that these enzymes do not function directly as polyphosphatases in vivo or that they require co-factors unique to higher eukaryotes. Our work provides a mechanistic explanation for why polyP accumulation outside of lysosome-related organelles is toxic. Further, it serves as a resource for exploring how polyP may impact conserved biological processes at a molecular level.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McCarthy, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abramchuk, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wafy, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Denoncourt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavallee-Adam, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Downey, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.02.478728</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ddp1 cooperates with Ppx1 to counter a stress response initiated by non-vacuolar polyphosphate]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.03.479007v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
VE607 Stabilizes SARS-CoV-2 Spike In the "RBD-up" Conformation and Inhibits Viral Entry 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.03.479007v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 infection of host cells starts by binding of the Spike glycoprotein (S) to the ACE2 receptor. The S-ACE2 interaction is a potential target for therapies against COVID-19 as demonstrated by the development of immunotherapies blocking this interaction. Here, we present the commercially available VE607, comprised of three stereoisomers, that was originally described as an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-1. We show that VE607 specifically inhibits infection of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 S-expressing pseudoviral particles as well as authentic SARS-CoV-2. VE607 stabilizes the receptor binding domain (RBD) in its "up" conformation. In silico docking and mutational analysis map the VE607 binding site at the RBD-ACE2 interface. The IC50 values are in the low micromolar range for pseudoparticles derived from SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan/D614G as well as from variants of concern (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron), suggesting that VE607 has potential for the development of drugs against SARS-CoV-2 infections.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ding, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grover, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohammadjavad, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vezina, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beaudoin-Bussieres, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verma, V. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goyette, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richard, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pazgier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cote, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abrams, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mothes, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finzi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baron, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.03.479007</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[VE607 Stabilizes SARS-CoV-2 Spike In the "RBD-up" Conformation and Inhibits Viral Entry]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.19.481107v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of a SARS-CoV-2 host metalloproteinase-dependent entry pathway differentially used by SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern Alpha, Delta, and Omicron 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.19.481107v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To infect cells, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) binds to angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) via its spike glycoprotein (S), delivering its genome upon S-mediated membrane fusion. SARS-CoV-2 uses two distinct entry pathways: 1) a surface, serine protease-dependent or 2) an endosomal, cysteine protease-dependent pathway. In investigating serine protease-independent cell-cell fusion, we found that the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), MMP2/9, can activate SARS-CoV-2 S fusion activity, but not that of SARS-CoV-1. Importantly, metalloproteinase activation of SARS-CoV-2 S represents a third entry pathway in cells expressing high MMP levels. This route of entry required cleavage at the S1/S2 junction in viral producer cells and differential processing of variants of concern S dictated its usage. In addition, metalloproteinase inhibitors reduced replicative Alpha infection and abrogated syncytia formation. Finally, we found that the Omicron S exhibit reduced metalloproteinase-dependent fusion and viral entry. Taken together, we identified a MMP2/9-dependent mode of activation of SARS-CoV-2 S. As MMP2/9 are released during inflammation and severe COVID-19, they may play important roles in SARS-CoV-2 S-mediated cytopathic effects, tropism, and disease outcome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Benlarbi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laroche, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fink, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mulloy, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ariana, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prevost, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beaudoin-Bussieres, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yockell-Lelievre, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stanford, W. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giguere, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mubareka, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finzi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dekaban, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dikeakos, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cote, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.19.481107</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of a SARS-CoV-2 host metalloproteinase-dependent entry pathway differentially used by SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern Alpha, Delta, and Omicron]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.20.481207v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Synaptic Location Is a Determinant of the Detrimental Effects of α-Synuclein Pathology to Glutamatergic Transmission in the Basolateral Amygdala 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.20.481207v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The presynaptic protein -synuclein (Syn) has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinsons disease (PD). In PD, the amygdala is prone to develop insoluble Syn aggregates, and it has been suggested that circuit dysfunction involving the amygdala contributes to the psychiatric symptoms. Yet, how Syn aggregates affect amygdala function is unknown. In this study, we examined Syn in glutamatergic axon terminals and the impact of its aggregation on glutamatergic transmission in the basolateral amygdala (BLA). We found that Syn is primarily present in the vesicular glutamate transporter 1-expressing (vGluT1+) terminals in mouse BLA, which is consistent with higher levels of Syn expression in vGluT1+ glutamatergic neurons in the cerebral cortex relative to the vGluT2+ glutamatergic neurons in the thalamus. We found that Syn aggregation selectively decreased the cortico-BLA, but not the thalamo-BLA, transmission; and that cortico-BLA synapses displayed enhanced short-term depression upon repetitive stimulation. In addition, using confocal microscopy, we found that vGluT1+ axon terminals exhibited decreased levels of soluble Syn, which suggests that lower levels of soluble Syn might underlie the enhanced short-term depression of cortico-BLA synapses. In agreement with this idea, we found that cortico-BLA synaptic depression was also enhanced in Syn knockout mice.

In conclusion, both basal and dynamic cortico-BLA transmission were disrupted by abnormal aggregation of Syn and these changes might be relevant to the perturbed cortical control of the amygdala that has been suggested to play a role in psychiatric symptoms in PD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nagaraja, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniels, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyerdirk, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steiner, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galvis, M. L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henderson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brundin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, H.-y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.20.481207</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Synaptic Location Is a Determinant of the Detrimental Effects of α-Synuclein Pathology to Glutamatergic Transmission in the Basolateral Amygdala]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.22.481551v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Highly divergent white-tailed deer SARS-CoV-2 with potential deer-to-human transmission 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.22.481551v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Wildlife reservoirs of SARS-CoV-2 may enable viral adaptation and spillback from animals to humans. In North America, there is evidence of unsustained spillover of SARS-CoV-2 from humans to white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), but no evidence of transmission from deer to humans. Through a biosurveillance program in Ontario, Canada we identified a new and highly divergent lineage of SARS-CoV-2 in white-tailed deer. This lineage is the most divergent SARS-CoV-2 lineage identified to date, with 76 consensus mutations (including 37 previously associated with non-human animal hosts) and signatures of considerable evolution and transmission within wildlife. Phylogenetic analysis also revealed an epidemiologically linked human case. Together, our findings represent the first clear evidence of sustained evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in white-tailed deer and of deer-to-human transmission.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pickering, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lung, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maguire, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kruczkiewicz, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kotwa, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buchanan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gagnier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guthrie, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jardine, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marchand-Austin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masse, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McClinchey, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nirmalarajah, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aftanas, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blais-Savoie, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chee, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chien, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yim, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goolia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suderman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinette, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sullivan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rudar, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adey, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nebroski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cote, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laroche, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGeer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nituch, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mubareka, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.22.481551</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Highly divergent white-tailed deer SARS-CoV-2 with potential deer-to-human transmission]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.03.482848v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SUMOylation of ABCD3 restricts bile acid synthesis and regulates metabolic homeostasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.03.482848v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitochondrial anchored protein ligase (MAPL) has been shown to function as both a SUMO and ubiquitin ligase with multiple roles in mitochondrial quality control, cell death pathways and inflammation. To examine the global function of MAPL we generated a knock-out mouse model and sought functional insight through unbiased BioID, transcriptomics and metabolic analysis. MAPL KO mice are lean and highly insulin sensitive, ultimately developing fully penetrant, spontaneous hepatocellular carcinoma after 18 months. BioID revealed the peroxisomal bile acid transporter ABCD3 as a primary MAPL interacting partner, which we show is SUMOylated in a MAPL-dependent manner. MAPL KO animals showed increased bile acid secretion in vivo and in isolated primary hepatocytes, along with robust compensatory changes in the expression of enzymes synthesizing and detoxifying bile acid. In addition, MAPL KO livers showed signs of ER stress and secreted high levels of Fgf21, the starvation hormone known to drive the reduction of white fat stores and promote insulin sensitivity. Lastly, during aging all MAPL KO mice developed hepatocellular carcinomas. These data reveal a major function for MAPL in the regulation of bile acid synthesis leading to profound changes in whole body metabolism and the ultimate generation of liver cancer when MAPL is lost.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Goyon, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Besse-Patin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zunino, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coyaud, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, B. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raught, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McBride, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.03.482848</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SUMOylation of ABCD3 restricts bile acid synthesis and regulates metabolic homeostasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.04.483033v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Seasonal changes in membrane structure and excitability in central neurons of goldfish (Carassius auratus) under constant environmental conditions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.04.483033v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Seasonal modifications in the structure of cellular membranes occur as an adaptive measure to withstand exposure to prolonged environmental change. Little is known about whether such changes may occur independently of external cues, such as photoperiod or temperature, or how they may impact the central nervous system (CNS). We compared membrane properties of central neurons isolated from the retina of goldfish (Carassius auratus), an organism well-adapted to extreme environmental change, during the summer and winter months. Goldfish were maintained in a facility under constant environmental conditions throughout the year. Analysis of whole-retina phospholipid composition using mass spectrometry-based lipidomics revealed a two-fold increase in phosphatidylethanolamine species during the winter, suggesting an increase in cell membrane fluidity. Atomic force microscopy was used to produce localized, nanoscale-force deformation of neuronal membranes. Measurement of Youngs modulus indicated increased membrane stiffness (or decreased elasticity) in neurons isolated during the winter. Voltage-clamp electrophysiology was used to assess physiological changes in neurons between seasons. Winter neurons displayed a hyperpolarized reversal potential (Vrev) and a significantly lower input resistance (Rin) compared to summer neurons. This was indicative of a decrease in membrane excitability during the winter. Subsequent measurement of intracellular Ca2+ activity using Fura-2 microspectrofluorometry confirmed a reduction in action potential activity, including duration and action potential profile, in neurons isolated during the winter. These studies demonstrate chemical and biophysical changes that occur in central neurons of goldfish throughout the year without exposure to seasonal cues, and suggest a novel mechanism of seasonal regulation of CNS activity.

SUMMARY STATEMENTCentral neurons isolated from the retina of goldfish held under constant environmental conditions undergo seasonal changes in membrane structure and excitability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Country, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haase, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blank, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Canez, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberts, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, B. F. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pelling, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jonz, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.04.483033</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Seasonal changes in membrane structure and excitability in central neurons of goldfish (Carassius auratus) under constant environmental conditions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.07.483263v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dentate gyrus mossy cells exhibit sparse coding via adaptive spike threshold dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.07.483263v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hilar mossy cells (hMCs) are glutamatergic neurons in the dentate gyrus (DG) that receive inputs primarily from DG granule cells (GCs), CA3 pyramidal cells and local inhibitory interneurons. The hMCs then provide direct excitatory and disynaptic inhibitory feedback input to GCs. Behavioral and in vivo single unit recording experiments have implicated hMCs in pattern separation as well as is in spatial navigation and learning. It has, however, been difficult to mechanistically link the in vivo physiological behavior of hMCs with their intrinsic excitability properties that convert their synaptic inputs into spiking output. Here, we carried out electrophysiological recordings from the main cell types in the DG and found that hMCs displayed a highly adaptive threshold acting over a remarkably protracted time-scale. The hMC spike threshold increased linearly with increasing current stimulation and saturated at high current intensities. This threshold also increased in response to spiking and this effect also decayed over a long timescale, allowing for activity-dependent summation that limited hMC firing rates. This mechanism operates in parallel with a prominent medium after-hyperpolarizing potential (AHP) generated by the small conductance K+ channel. Based on experimentally derived parameters, we developed a phenomenological exponential integrate-and-fire model that closely mimics the hMC adaptive threshold. This lightweight model is amenable to its incorporation into large network models of the DG that will be conducive to deepen our understanding of the neural bases of pattern separation, spatial learning and navigation in the hippocampus.

Statement of significanceRecent studies on hilar mossy cells have revealed that they are implicated in spatial navigation and mnemonic functions. Yet, the basic intrinsic characterization of these hMCs is still too superficial to explain their spiking behavior in vivo. Here, we describe novel biophysical properties of hMCs, including an independent relationship between spike latency and spike threshold as well as a slowly adapting spike threshold. These findings complement several other biophysical and connectivity similarities between hMCs and CA3 pyramidal cells, while emphasizing the contrast with hilar interneurons. Additionally, our results are well captured by a phenomenological model of the hMC which provides a useful framework to study the neural substrate of spatial navigation and learning in the dentate gyrus.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Trinh, A.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Girardi-Schappo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beique, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Longtin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maler, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.07.483263</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dentate gyrus mossy cells exhibit sparse coding via adaptive spike threshold dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.07.483395v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A comparison of hard and soft direct methods for DNA extraction from soil 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.07.483395v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nucleic acid extraction is the first step in molecular biology studies of soil bacterial communities. The most common used soil DNA extraction method is the direct, hard extraction Mobio method, which uses bead beating to lyse bacteria. In this study we compared the Mobio method with a soft, enzymatic lysis extraction method. Next generation sequencing (Illumina and Pyrosequencing) of amplicons generated from four 16S primer pairs and DNA from 12 soils and 3 composts was used to compare the two extraction methods.

Four bacterial orders, the delta proteobacterial Desulfuromonadales and gamma proteobacterial Pseudomonadales, Enterobacteriales, and Alteromonadales were more common in amplicons from soft extracted DNA, sometimes by two orders of magnitude. These groups can be a significant fraction of the bacterial population. For example the Pseudomonadales made up to 16 % and Enterobacteriales 10% of amplicons from Soft extracted DNA. The JG30-KF-CM45 order was under extracted by the enzymatic lysis extraction method. Results differed more by primer choice than extraction method and the phylogenetic resolution of differences between extraction methods changed with primer choice.

Given how often Mobio extraction is used, these proteobacterial orders are probably under-represented in the studies of soil bacteria that use nucleic acid methods. Further improvements in soil DNA extraction are needed. Amplicons sequencing studies should use a range of different primers to confirm the phylogenetic resolution of their results.

ImportanceSeveral large scale studies of soil bacteria that compare thousands of soil samples across continents have used the Mobio method for DNA extraction. Large scale studies like these are increasing with the recent establishment of the Global Soil Biodiversity Observation Network (Soil BON), which also uses the Mobio method. The results of this work will be used to make policy decisions about how to manage the soil and may be a guide for bioprospectors. As the Mobio method is so widely used, it is important to know its limitations. Studies that use the Mobio method underestimate the fraction of several proteobacterial groups. Most notably the Enterobacteria and Pseudomonas can be under extracted by 10-100 fold. The degree of under extraction varies with different soils.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hill, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dextraze, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kroetsch, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boddy, C. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.07.483395</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A comparison of hard and soft direct methods for DNA extraction from soil]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.08.483495v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Analyses of Mutational Patterns Induced by Formaldehyde and Acetaldehyde Reveal Similarity to a Common Mutational Signature in Cancers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.08.483495v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Formaldehyde (CH2O) and acetaldehyde (C2H4O) are reactive small molecules produced endogenously in cells as well as being environmental contaminants. Both of these small aldehydes are classified as human carcinogens, since they are known to damage DNA and exposure is linked to cancer incidence. However, the mutagenic properties of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde remain incompletely understood, at least in part because they are relatively weak mutagens. Here, we use a highly sensitive yeast genetic reporter system featuring controlled generation of long single-stranded DNA regions to show that both small aldehydes induced mutational patterns characterized by predominantly C/G [-&gt;] A/T, C/G [-&gt;] T/A, and T/A [-&gt;] C/G substitutions, each in similar proportions. We observed an excess of C/G [-&gt;] A/T transversions when compared to mock-treated controls. Many of these C/G [-&gt;] A/T transversions occurred at TC/GA motifs. Interestingly, the formaldehyde mutational pattern resembles single base substitution (SBS) signature 40 from the Catalog of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC). SBS40 is a mutational signature of unknown etiology. We also noted that acetaldehyde treatment caused an excess of deletion events longer than four bases while formaldehyde did not. This latter result could be another distinguishing feature between the mutational patterns of these simple aldehydes. These findings shed new light on the characteristics of two important, commonly occurring mutagens.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Thapa, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fabros, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alasmar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.08.483495</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Analyses of Mutational Patterns Induced by Formaldehyde and Acetaldehyde Reveal Similarity to a Common Mutational Signature in Cancers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.16.484118v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Improved sensitivity and resolution of ATAC-seq differential DNA accessibility analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.16.484118v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Eukaryotic genomes are packaged into chromatin, and the extent of its compaction must be modulated to allow several biological processes such as gene transcription. The regulatory elements of expressed genes are typically in relatively accessible chromatin, and several studies have revealed a reliable correlation between the abundance of mRNA transcripts and the degree of DNA accessibility at the regulatory elements of their coding genes. In consequence, the genome-wide profiling of DNA accessibility by methods such as ATAC-seq can help in the study of gene regulatory networks by serving as a proxy for gene expression and by helping identify important gene cis-regulatory elements and the trans-acting factors that bind them. The predominant approach used to identify differentially accessible genomic loci from ATAC-seq data obtained in two conditions of interest is comparable to that employed in RNA-seq gene expression profiling studies: accessible regions are identified through peak calling and treated like "genes", then sequenced DNA fragments (originating from two neighboring transposase insertion events) that overlap them are counted and subjected to abundance modeling, which then allows to identify those that have a significant difference between the two conditions. We reasoned that this approach could be improved in terms of sensitivity and resolution by introducing two changes: bypassing peak calling, using instead a genome-wide sliding window quantification approach, and counting transposase insertion sites, instead of fragments originating from two neighboring insertion sites. We present the development of this approach, which we term "widaR", for Window- and Insertion-based Differential Accessibility in R, using a murine skeletal myoblast differentiation dataset. Reproducible R code is provided.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sheikh, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blais, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.16.484118</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Improved sensitivity and resolution of ATAC-seq differential DNA accessibility analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.25.485808v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Human Motoneuron Expression Signature is Defined by ALS-Related Genes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.25.485808v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mammalian spinal cord functions as a community of glial and neuronal cell types to accomplish sensory processing, autonomic control, and movement; conversely, the dysfunction of these cell types following spinal cord injury or disease states can lead to chronic pain, paralysis, and death. While we have made great strides in understanding spinal cellular diversity in animal models, it is crucial to characterize human biology directly to uncover specialized features of basic function and to illuminate human pathology. Here, we present a cellular taxonomy of the adult human spinal cord using single nucleus RNA-sequencing with spatial transcriptomics and antibody validation. We observed 29 glial clusters, including rare cell types such as ependymal cells, and 35 neuronal clusters, which we found are organized principally by anatomical location. To demonstrate the potential of this resource for understanding human disease, we analyzed the transcriptome of spinal motoneurons that are prone to degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other diseases. We found that, compared with all other spinal neurons, human motoneurons are defined by genes related to cell size, cytoskeletal structure, and ALS, thereby supporting a model of a specialized motoneuron molecular repertoire that underlies their selective vulnerability to disease. We include a publicly available browsable web resource with this work, in the hope that it will catalyze future discoveries about human spinal cord biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yadav, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matson, K. J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hua, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaur, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alkaslasi, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galuta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dedek, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ameri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parnell, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alshardan, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ququmji, F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alhamad, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poulen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lonjon, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vachiery-Lahaye, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nalls, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nalls, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, Y. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hildebrand, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mery, P.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bourinet, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bauchet, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ward, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Pichon, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menon, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levine, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.25.485808</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Human Motoneuron Expression Signature is Defined by ALS-Related Genes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.01.486760v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Separation of NaV Subtypes in the Axon InitialSegment can Impede or Promote Backpropagation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.01.486760v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In a variety of neurons, action potentials (APs) initiate at the proximal axon, within a region called the axon initial segment (AIS), which has a high density of voltage-gated sodium channels (NaVs) on its membrane. In pyramidal neurons, the proximal AIS has been reported to exhibit a higher proportion of NaVs with gating properties that are "right-shifted" to more depolarized voltages, compared to the distal AIS. Further, recent experiments have revealed that as neurons develop, the spatial distribution of NaV subtypes along the AIS can change substantially, suggesting that neurons tune their excitability by modifying said distribution. When neurons are stimulated axonally, computational modelling has shown that this spatial separation of gating properties in the AIS enhances the backpropagation of APs into the dendrites. In contrast, in the more natural scenario of somatic stimulation, our simulations show that the same distribution can impede backpropagation. We implemented a range of hypothetical NaV distributions in the AIS of three multicompartmental pyramidal cell models and investigated the precise kinetic mechanisms underlying such effects, as the spatial distribution of NaV subtypes is varied. With axonal stimulation, proximal NaV availability dominates, such that concentrating right-shifted NaVs in the proximal AIS promotes backpropagation. However, with somatic stimulation, the models are insensitive to availability. Instead, the higher activation threshold of right-shifted NaVs in the AIS impedes backpropagation. Therefore, recently observed developmental changes to the spatial separation and relative proportions of NaV1.2 and NaV1.6 in the AIS differentially impact activation and availability. The effects on backpropagation, and potentially learning, are opposite for orthodromic versus antidromic stimulation.

Author SummaryNeurons use sodium ion currents, controlled by a neurons voltage, to trigger signals called action potentials (APs). These APs typically result from synaptic input from other neurons onto the dendrites and soma. An AP is generated at the axon initial segment (AIS) just beyond the soma. From there, it travels down the axon to other cells, but can also propagate "backwards" towards the soma and dendrites. This "backpropagation" allows a comparison at synapses of the timing of outgoing and incoming signals, a feedback process that modifies synaptic connection strengths linked to learning. It is puzzling that in many neurons, sodium ion channels come in two types: high-voltage threshold channels clustered near the soma where the AIS begins, and low-voltage ones further away towards the axon. This separation changes in the early development of the animal, which raises the question of its role in backpropagation. We constructed a detailed mathematical model to explore how separation affects backpropagation. Separation either impedes or enhances learning, depending on whether the AP results from synaptic inputs or, less typically, currents moving backwards from the axon. This is explained by the different effects the separation has on two key kinetic processes that govern sodium currents.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barlow, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Longtin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joos, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.01.486760</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Separation of NaV Subtypes in the Axon InitialSegment can Impede or Promote Backpropagation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.21.489108v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
METAbolomics data Balancing with Over-sampling Al-gorithms (META-BOA): an online resource for addressing class imbalance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.21.489108v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationClass imbalance, or unequal sample sizes between classes, is an increasing concern in machine learning for metabolomic and lipidomic data mining, which can result in overfitting for the over-represented class. Numerous methods have been developed for handling class imbalance, but they are not readily accessible to users with limited computational experience. Moreover, there is no resource that enables users to easily evaluate the effect of different over-sampling algorithms.

ResultsMETAbolomics data Balancing with Over-sampling Algorithms (META-BOA) is a web-based application that enables users to select between four different methods for class balancing, followed by data visualization and classification of the sample to observe the augmentation effects. META-BOA outputs a newly balanced dataset, generating additional samples in the minority class, according to the users choice of Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE), Borderline-SMOTE (BSMOTE), Adaptive Synthetic (ADASYN), or Random Over-Sampling Examples (ROSE). META-BOA further displays both principal component analysis (PCA) and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) visualization of data pre- and post-over-sampling. Random forest classification is utilized to compare sample classification in both the original and balanced datasets, enabling users to select the most appropriate method for their analyses.

Availability and implementationMETA-BOA is available at https://complimet.ca/meta-boa.

Supplementary InformationSupplementary material is available at Bioinformatics online.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hashimoto-Roth, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Surendra, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavallee-Adam, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, S. A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cuperlovic-Culf, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.21.489108</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[METAbolomics data Balancing with Over-sampling Al-gorithms (META-BOA): an online resource for addressing class imbalance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.24.489327v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
LRRK2 Phosphorylates Neuronal Elav RNA-Binding Proteins to RegulatePhenotypes Relevant to Parkinson's Disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.24.489327v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Parkinsons disease (PD) is characterized by accumulation of -synuclein and the loss of dopaminergic neurons. Mutations which cause an increase in the kinase activity of Leucine-Rich-Repeat Kinase-2 (LRRK2) are a major inherited cause of PD. Research continues to determine which targets LRRK2 phosphorylates to cause disease. Polymorphisms in the locus of ELAVL4, an RNA-binding protein are a risk-factor for Parkinsons disease and an ELAV family member was identified in Drosophila as required for pathology instigated by human mutant LRRK2. We discovered that three neuronal ELAVs including ELAVL4 (also known as HuD) are phosphorylated by LRRK2. This controls binding of neuronal ELAVs to mRNA and their post- transcriptional regulation of mRNA abundance and splicing in neuronal cell lines and the mouse midbrain. LRRK2 G2019S functionally inhibits neuronal ELAVs effects on mRNA abundance, while enhancing their effects on mRNA splicing. The combination of LRRK2 G2019S and ELAVL4-/- causes accumulation of LRRK2 and -synuclein, loss of dopaminergic neurons and motor deficits. Targets of neuronal ELAVs are also selectively misregulated in cells and tissues of PD patients. Together, this suggests that misregulation of neuronal ELAVs, triggered by LRRK2 mutations may contribute to the characteristic pathology of Parkinsons disease.

Brief SummaryLRRK2, a kinase linked to Parkinsons disease, phosphorylates the neuronal ELAV RNA-binding proteins to aggravate key hallmarks of Parkinsons disease including accumulation of -synuclein and motor deficits in mice.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pastic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Negeri, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravel-Chapuis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savard, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trung, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palidwor, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marcogliese, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okano, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trinkle-Mulcahy, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jasmin, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibbings, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.24.489327</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[LRRK2 Phosphorylates Neuronal Elav RNA-Binding Proteins to RegulatePhenotypes Relevant to Parkinson's Disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.02.490309v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic and pharmacological reduction of CDK14 mitigates synucleinopathy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.02.490309v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Parkinsonas disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons (DaNs) and the abnormal accumulation of -Synuclein (-Syn) protein. Currently, no treatment can slow nor halt the progression of PD. Multiplications and mutations of the -Syn gene (SNCA) cause PD-associated syndromes and animal models that overexpress -Syn replicate several features of PD. Decreasing total -Syn levels, therefore, is an attractive approach to slow down neurodegeneration in patients with synucleinopathy. We previously performed a genetic screen for modifiers of -Syn levels and identified CDK14, a kinase of largely unknown function as a regulator of -Syn. To test the potential therapeutic effects of CDK14 reduction in PD, we ablated Cdk14 in the -Syn preformed fibrils (PFF)-induced PD mouse model. We found that loss of Cdk14 mitigates the grip strength deficit of PFF-treated mice and ameliorates PFF-induced cortical -Syn pathology, indicated by reduced numbers of pS129 -Syn-containing cells. In primary neurons, we found that Cdk14 depletion protects against the propagation of toxic -Syn species. We further validated these findings on pS129 -Syn levels in PD patient neurons. Finally, we leveraged the recent discovery of a covalent inhibitor of CDK14 to determine whether this target is pharmacologically tractable in vitro and in vivo. We found that CDK14 inhibition decreases total and pathologically aggregated -Syn in human neurons, in PFF- challenged rat neurons and in the brains of -Syn-humanized mice. In summary, we suggest that CDK14 represents a novel therapeutic target for PD-associated synucleinopathy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Parmasad, J.-L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ricke, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stykel, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buchner-Duby, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lian, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lengacher, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geertsma, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruce, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Callaghan, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joselin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomlinson, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlossmacher, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stanford, W. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brundin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryan, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rousseaux, M. W. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.02.490309</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic and pharmacological reduction of CDK14 mitigates synucleinopathy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.13.491858v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
More accurate estimation of cell composition in bulk expression through robust integration of single-cell information 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.13.491858v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The rapid single-cell transcriptomic technology developments has led to an increasing interest in cellular heterogeneity within cell populations. Although cell-type proportions can be obtained directly from single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), it is costly and not feasible in every study. Alternatively, with fewer experimental complications, cell-type compositions are characterized from bulk RNA-seq data. Many computational tools have been developed and reported in the literature. However, they fail to appropriately incorporate the covariance structures in both scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq datasets in use.

We present a covariance-based single-cell decomposition (CSCD) method that estimates cell-type proportions in bulk data through building a reference expression profile based on a single-cell data, and learning gene-specific bulk expression transformations using a constrained linear inverse model. The approach is similar to Bisque, a cell-type decomposition method that was recently developed. Bisque is limited to a univariate model, thus unable to incorporate gene-gene correlations into the analysis. We introduce a more advanced model that successfully incorporates the covariance structures in both scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq datasets into the analysis, and fixes the collinearity issue by utilizing a linear shrinkage estimation of the corresponding covariance matrices. We applied CSCD to several publicly available datasets and measured the performance of CSCD, Bisque and six other common methods in the literature. Our results indicate that CSCD is more accurate and comprehensive than most of the existing methods.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Karimnezhad, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.13.491858</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[More accurate estimation of cell composition in bulk expression through robust integration of single-cell information]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.18.492477v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PGC-1β maintains mitochondrial metabolism and restrains inflammatory gene expression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.18.492477v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metabolic programming of the innate immune cells known as dendritic cells (DCs) changes in response to different stimuli, influencing their function. While the mechanisms behind increased glycolytic metabolism in response to inflammatory stimuli are well-studied, less is known about the programming of mitochondrial metabolism in DCs. We used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-{beta} (IFN-{beta}), which differentially stimulate the use of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), respectively, to identify factors important for mitochondrial metabolism. We found that the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1{beta} (PGC-1{beta}), a transcriptional co-activator and known regulator of mitochondrial metabolism, decreases when DCs are activated with LPS, when OXPHOS is diminished, but not with IFN-{beta}, when OXPHOS is maintained. We examined the role of PGC-1{beta} in bioenergetic metabolism of DCs and found that PGC-1{beta} deficiency in DCs indeed impairs mitochondrial respiration. PGC-1{beta}-deficient DCs are more glycolytic compared to controls, likely to compensate for reduced OXPHOS. PGC-1{beta} deficiency also causes decreased capacity for ATP production at steady state and in response to IFN-{beta} treatment. Loss of PGC-1{beta} in DCs leads to increased expression of genes in inflammatory pathways, and reduced expression of genes encoding proteins important for mitochondrial metabolism and function. Collectively, these results demonstrate that PGC-1{beta} is a key positive regulator of mitochondrial metabolism in DCs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guak, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheldon, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beddows, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vander Ark, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>St. Pierre, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krawczyk, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.18.492477</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PGC-1β maintains mitochondrial metabolism and restrains inflammatory gene expression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.18.492512v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural analysis of cholesterol binding and sterol selectivity by ABCG5/G8 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.18.492512v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) sterol transporters are responsible for maintaining cholesterol homeostasis in mammals by participating in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) or transintestinal cholesterol efflux (TICE). The heterodimeric ABCG5/G8 carries out selective sterol excretion, preventing the abnormal accumulation of plant sterols in human bodies, while homodimeric ABCG1 contributes to the biogenesis and metabolism of high-density lipoproteins. A sterol-binding site on ABCG5/G8 was proposed at the interface of the transmembrane domain and the core of lipid bilayers. In this study, we have determined the crystal structure of ABCG5/G8 in a cholesterol-bound state. The structure combined with amino acid sequence analysis shows that in the proximity of the sterol-binding site, a highly conserved phenylalanine array supports functional implications for ABCG cholesterol/sterol transporters. Lastly, in silico docking analysis of cholesterol and stigmasterol (a plant sterol) suggests sterol-binding selectivity on ABCG5/G8, but not ABCG1. Together, our results provide a structural basis for cholesterol binding on ABCG5/G8 and the sterol selectivity by ABCG transporters.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Farhat, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rezaei, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ristovski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stancescu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dzimkova, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samnani, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Couture, J.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.18.492512</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural analysis of cholesterol binding and sterol selectivity by ABCG5/G8]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.19.492717v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Homeostatic changes maintain the gain control of spinal motoneurones across the lifetime of C57BL/6J mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.19.492717v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Age-related changes in the excitability of spinal motoneurone have been observed in mouse models of neurodegenerative diseases affecting these neurones. How the excitability of spinal motoneurones change with healthy ageing in mice and how this compares with that seen in neurodegenerative diseases is unknown. Therefore, we performed in vivo intracellular recording from identified spinal motoneurones in C57BL/6 mice at three different ages (100, 300-400 and 600-750 days old). Behavioral tests confirmed a linear reduction in motor function across these ages (using the rotorod test).

Significant differences were observed with respect to the features of individual somatic action potential with ageing including a decreased rate of rise and fall in aged mice. Surprisingly, the rate of rise of the action potential at the initial segment was altered in middle aged mice. Immunohistochemical labelling of the axon initial segment of the motoneurones confirmed structural changes occurring at middle age (decreased length and diameter) but returning to the earlier parameters in aged mice. To explore the effects on repetitive firing, this was tested across the age groups which showed surprising little difference as the mice aged, with a similar rheobase and I-f gain across all age groups (with the exception of a lower voltage threshold for action potential initiation in middle-aged mice). However, amplitudes of the after-hyperpolarization and the input resistance were both found to be significantly altered with age.

We conclude that there are changes occurring in the intrinsic properties of spinal motoneurones that control their excitability over the lifetime of mice, although these do not develop in a linear fashion from young to old. We propose that these changes are homeostatic in nature and are able to compensate for one another to maintain a constant gain control across the lifetime.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Goltash, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jensen, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dimintiyanova, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jensen, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lehnhoff, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moldovan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meehan, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.19.492717</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Homeostatic changes maintain the gain control of spinal motoneurones across the lifetime of C57BL/6J mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.30.494009v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Generation of Functional Human T Cell Development in NOD/SCID/IL2rγnull Humanized Mice Without Using Fetal Tissue: Application as a Model of HIV Infection and Persistence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.30.494009v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Generating humanized mice with fully functional T cells currently relies on co-implantation of hematopoietic stem cells from fetal liver and autologous fetal thymic tissue (BLT mouse). However, access to such tissues has ethical and logistical challenges. Herein, we show that NOD/SCID/IL2r{gamma}null mice humanized with cord blood-derived CD34+ cells and implanted in quadriceps with pediatric thymic tissues excised during cardiac surgeries (CCST mice) are an alternative to BLT mice. Our data revealed a strong immune reconstitution in CCST mice, with T cells originating from CD34+ progenitor cells, proliferating efficiently in response to mitogenic stimulation ex vivo and capable of rejecting allogeneic human leukemic cells in vivo. Despite having less T cells than BLT mice, CCST mice were equally susceptible to mucosal or intraperitoneal HIV infection. Importantly, HIV-specific T cell responses were significantly higher in CCST-mice (median: 10.4% vs. 0.7%; p<0.0001 for CD8+cells and 3.9% vs. 0.7%; p<0.01 for CD4+ cells). As well, antiretroviral therapy (ART) robustly suppressed viremia and reduced the frequencies of cells carrying integrated HIV DNA by up to 2 logs in various CCST mouse tissues. As in BLT mice, we observed a complete viral rebound in 67% of the animals by 2-4 weeks following ART interruption, suggesting the presence of HIV reservoirs. In conclusion, CCST mice represent an ethical and practical alternative to BLT mice, broadening the feasibility of utilizing humanized mice for research on HIV and other human diseases.

One Sentence SummaryWe herein report a new humanized mouse model implanted with human cord blood hematopoietic stem cells and allogenic pediatric thymic tissue that develops a functional T cell compartment and supports efficient HIV infection and persistence during antiretroviral therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Colas, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Volodina, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beland, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, T. N. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dallaire, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soulard, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemieux, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colamartino, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tremblay-Laganiere, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dicaire, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guimond, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patey, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vobecky, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poirier, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haddad, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.30.494009</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Generation of Functional Human T Cell Development in NOD/SCID/IL2rγnull Humanized Mice Without Using Fetal Tissue: Application as a Model of HIV Infection and Persistence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.02.493125v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Normative values of neuromelanin-sensitive MRI signal in older adults obtained using a standard protocol for acquisition and analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.02.493125v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe integrity and function of catecholamine neurotransmitter systems can be assessed using MRI sequences often referred to as neuromelanin-sensitive MRI (NM-MRI). The relevance of this method to neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders is becoming increasingly evident, and it has potential as a clinical biomarker. To support such future applications, we report here the normative range of NM-MRI signal and volume metrics in cognitively normal older adults.

Methods3 Tesla NM-MRI images and demographic and cognitive data were available from 152 cognitively normal older adults aged 53-86 years old at baseline; a subsample of 68 participants also had follow-up NM-MRI data collected around one-year later. NM-MRI images were processed to yield summary measures of volume and signal (contrast-to-noise ratio, CNR) for the substantia nigra (SN) and locus coeruleus (LC) using a recently developed software employing a fully automated algorithm. The extent of annual change in these metrics was quantified and tested for significance using 1-sample t-tests.

ResultsBaseline SN signal (CNR) was 10.02% (left SN) and 10.28% (right) and baseline LC signal was 24.71% (left) and 20.42% (right). The only NM-MRI metric to show a significant annual change was a decrease in left SN volume.

ConclusionWe report normative values for NM-MRI signal and volume in the SN and LC of cognitively normal older adults and normative values for their change over time. These values may help future efforts to use NM-MRI as a clinical biomarker for adults in this age range by facilitating identification of patients with extreme NM-MRI values.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Al Haddad, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chamoun, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tardif, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guimond, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horga, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosa-Neto, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cassidy, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.02.493125</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Normative values of neuromelanin-sensitive MRI signal in older adults obtained using a standard protocol for acquisition and analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.08.495344v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Alterations in neural stem cell quiescence and activation in the 3xTG-AD model of Alzheimers Disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.08.495344v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alzheimers Disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia with progressive cognitive deficits and mood disorders (Knopman et al., 2021). Recent studies have associated AD pathology with the impairment of adult neurogenesis, as indicated by impaired neural stem cell (NSCs) homeostasis (Bond et al., 2015). Recent work has further associated AD progression with a decline in the number and maturation of adult-born neurons in the SGZ, distinct from typical age-related decline (Moreno-Jimenez et al., 2019). In 3xTG-AD mice, a well-established mouse model of AD, our and other groups have demonstrated impairments to NSC pool and neural progenitor proliferation, as well as adult-born neurons, before the onset of A{beta} plaques and NFTs (Hamilton et al., 2010, 2015; Rodriguez et al., 2008, 2009). However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying the functional impairment of adult NSCs remain to be resolved. Here, we employ single-cell RNA-Seq to establish population-specific defects in the 3xTG-AD mouse model during adult SGZ neurogenesis. Relative to control mice, we observe a dramatic AD-induced decrease in the primed and activated NSC population, which results in a progressive loss of cells committed to neurogenesis. Transcriptome measurements suggest that 3xTG-AD NSCs and their progeny represent enhanced ribosomal and mitochondrial biogenesis, and disturbed Notch signaling pathway. RNA velocity analysis reveals reduced NSC activation as evidenced by a large fraction of Ascl1-postive cells, instead of entering cell cycle, returning to the primed and quiescent state. This is further supported by reduced numbers of Lpar1-expressing cells, a marker of neural progenitor cells, in the SGZ. Our work explores, at a stage-specific resolution, changes in the regulatory networks guiding adult neurogenesis, and identifies niche disturbances in the regulation of NSC quiescence and activation. These NSC deficits underlying impaired neurogenesis identified in AD mice, may be key contributors underlying the compromised hippocampal function in AD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fong, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McNicoll, M.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdi, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cuthbert, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cook, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Figeys, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vanderhyden, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slack, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.08.495344</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Alterations in neural stem cell quiescence and activation in the 3xTG-AD model of Alzheimers Disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.23.497343v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The effect of heterospecific and conspecific competition on inter-individual differences in tungara frog tadpole (Engystomops pustulosus) behaviour 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.23.497343v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Repeated social interactions with conspecifics and/or heterospecifics during early development may drive the differentiation of behaviour among individuals. This behavioural differentiation may occur through individuals behaving more different from each other on average and/or individuals behaving more consistently. Competition is a major form of social interaction and its impacts can depend on whether interactions occur between conspecifics or heterospecifics and the directionality of a response could be specific to different behavioural traits. To test this, we reared tungara frog tadpoles (Engystomops pustulosus) either in isolation, with a conspecific tadpole or with an aggressive heterospecific tadpole, the whistling frog tadpole, Leptodactylus fuscus. In each treatment, we measured the body size, activity, exploration and risk taking in the presence of a predator in focal E. pustulosus tadpoles six times during development. We used univariate and multivariate hierarchical mixed effect models to investigate the effect of treatment on mean behaviour and on among individual variance between and within individuals across behavioural traits. There was a strong effect of competition on behaviour, with different population and individual level responses across social treatments. Within their home tank, individuals were more consistent in their movements under conspecific competition but heterospecific competition caused more variance in the average movement among individuals. Behavioural responses were also trait specific as conspecific competition caused greater variability in movements among individuals in a novel environment. The results highlight that the impact of competition on inter-individual differences in behaviour is dependent on competitor species identity and is trait specific.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Beyts, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cella, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colegrave, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Downie, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, J. G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walsh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.23.497343</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The effect of heterospecific and conspecific competition on inter-individual differences in tungara frog tadpole (Engystomops pustulosus) behaviour]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.28.497094v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Non-invasive quantification of contractile dynamics in cardiac cells, spheroids and organs-on-a-chip using high frequency ultrasound 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.28.497094v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell-based models that mimic in vivo heart physiology are poised to make significant advances in cardiac disease modeling and drug discovery. In these systems, cardiomyocyte (CM) contractility is an important functional metric, but current measurement methods are inaccurate, low-throughput, or require complex set-ups. To address this need, we developed a standalone non-invasive, label-free ultrasound technique operating at 40-200 MHz to measure the beat rate, beat rhythm, and force of contraction of cardiac models, ranging from single adult CMs to 3D microtissue constructs in standard cell culture formats. The high temporal resolution of 1000 fps resolved the beat profile of single mouse CMs paced at up to 9 Hz, revealing limitations of lower speed optical based measurements to resolve beat kinetics or characterize aberrant beats. Coupling of ultrasound with traction force microscopy enabled the measurement of CM longitudinal modulus and facile estimation of adult mouse CM contractile forces of 2.34 {+/-} 1.40 N, comparable to more complex measurement techniques. Similarly, measurements of beat rate, rhythm, and drug responses of CM spheroid and microtissue models were demonstrated. In conclusion, ultrasound can be used for the rapid characterization of CM contractile function in a wide range of commonly-studied configurations ranging from single cells to 3D tissue constructs using standard well plates, with applications in cardiac drug discovery and cardiotoxicity evaluation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Strohm, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Callaghan, N. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Latifi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rafatian, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Funakoshi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandes, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Radisic, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keller, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kolios, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simmons, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.28.497094</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Non-invasive quantification of contractile dynamics in cardiac cells, spheroids and organs-on-a-chip using high frequency ultrasound]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.14.500049v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mutagenesis Induced by Protonation of Single-Stranded DNA is Linked to Glycolytic Sugar Metabolism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.14.500049v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mutagenesis can be thought of as random, in the sense that the occurrence of each mutational event cannot be predicted with precision in space or time. However, when sufficiently large numbers of mutations are analyzed, recurrent patterns of base changes called mutational signatures can be identified. To date, some 60 single base substitution or SBS signatures have been derived from analysis of cancer genomics data. We recently reported that the ubiquitous signature SBS5 matches the pattern of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in humans and has analogs in many species. Using a temperature-sensitive single-stranded DNA mutation reporter system, we also showed that a similar mutational pattern in yeast is dependent on error-prone translesion DNA synthesis and glycolytic sugar metabolism. Here, we further investigated mechanisms that are responsible for this form of mutagenesis in yeast. We first confirmed that excess sugar metabolism leads to increased mutation rate, which was detectable by fluctuation assay. We then ruled out a significant role for aerobic respiration in SBS5-like mutagenesis by observing that petite and wild-type cells did not exhibit statistical differences in mutation frequencies. Since glycolysis is known to produce excess protons, we then investigated the effects of experimental manipulations on pH and mutagenesis. We hypothesized that yeast metabolizing 8% glucose would produce more excess protons than cells metabolizing 2% glucose. Consistent with this, cells metabolizing 8% glucose had lower intracellular and extracellular pH values. Similarly, deletion of vma3 (encoding a vacuolar H+-ATPase subunit) increased mutagenesis. We also found that treating cells with edelfosine (which renders membranes more permeable, including to protons) or culturing in low pH media increased mutagenesis. Altogether, our results agree with multiple biochemical studies showing that protonation of nitrogenous bases can alter base pairing so as to stabilize some mispairs, and shed new light on a common form of intrinsic mutagenesis.

Graphical Abstract O_FIG_DISPLAY_L [Figure 1] M_FIG_DISPLAY C_FIG_DISPLAY
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gelova, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.14.500049</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mutagenesis Induced by Protonation of Single-Stranded DNA is Linked to Glycolytic Sugar Metabolism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.15.500215v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interlimb coordination in Parkinson's disease is affected by a visuospatial dual task 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.15.500215v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Parkinsons disease (PD) leads to reduced spatial and temporal interlimb coordination during gait as well as reduced coordination in the upper or lower limbs. Multi-tasking when walking is common during real-world activities, and affects some gait characteristics, like gait speed and variability. However, the impact of a dual task (DT) on intra and interlimb coordination of both lower and upper limbs when walking in people with PD remains unknown. Seventeen volunteers with mild to moderate PD (11 males, 65 {+/-} 8 years, 173 {+/-} 8 cm, 74 {+/-} 20 kg, Unified Parkinsons Disease Rating Scale motor section 10 {+/-} 5) participated in gait trials in an Extended-CAREN system, which includes a treadmill, 12-camera Vicon motion capture system, and a 180{degrees} field-of-view virtual reality projection screen. Participants completed a 3 min walking trial and a 2 min visuospatial word recognition DT trial at their preferred walking pace. Single and DT were compared with a paired t-test, and the less and more affected (LA, MA) sides were tested for equivalence in sensitivity to the DT. During the DT, we found the LA shoulder ROM decreased by 1.5{degrees}, and the LA shoulder peak flexion decreased by 1.1{degrees} (p<.028, gav>.12). The LA and MA hip ROM were differently affected by the dual task (p=.023), and intralimb coordination was affected by dual tasking equivalently between sides (p=.004). These results suggest that during normal single-task gait, people with PD use attentional resources to compensate for reduced arm swing. Furthermore, our results indicate that any effect of DT on lower intralimb coordination is not meaningfully different between the LA and MA sides.

Statements and DeclarationsThe authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hill, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nantel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.15.500215</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interlimb coordination in Parkinson's disease is affected by a visuospatial dual task]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.15.500259v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell Type Specific DNA Signatures of Transcription Factor Binding 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.15.500259v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcription factors (TFs) bind to different parts of the genome in different types of cells. These differences may be due to alterations in the DNA-binding preferences of a TF itself, or mechanisms such as chromatin accessibility, steric hindrance, or competitive binding, that result in a DNA "signature" of differential binding. We propose a method called SigTFB (Signatures of TF Binding), based on deep learning, to detect and quantify cell type specificity in a TFs DNA-binding signature. We conduct a wide scale investigation of 194 distinct TFs across various cell types. We demonstrate the existence of cell type specificity in approximately 30% of the TFs. We stratify our analysis by different antibodies for the same TF, to rule out the possibility of certain technical artifacts, yet we find that cell type specificity estimates are largely consistent when the same TF is assayed with different antibodies. To further explain the biology behind a TFs cell type specificity, or lack thereof, we conduct a wide scale motif enrichment analysis of all TFs in question. We show that the presence of alternate motifs correlates with a higher degree of cell type specificity in TFs, such as ATF7, while finding consistent motifs throughout is usually associated with the absence of cell type specificity in a TF, such as CTCF. In particular, we observe that several important TFs show distinct DNA binding signatures in different cancer cell types, which may point to important differences in modes of action. Moreover, we find that motif enrichment sometimes correlates with gene expression in TFs with higher cell type specificity. Our comprehensive investigation provides a basis for further study of the mechanisms behind differences in TF-DNA binding in different cell types.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Awdeh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turcotte, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perkins, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.15.500259</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell Type Specific DNA Signatures of Transcription Factor Binding]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.25.501464v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Markov constraint to uniquely identify elementary flux mode weights in unimolecular metabolic networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.25.501464v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Elementary flux modes (EFMs) are minimal, steady state pathways characterizing a flux network. Fundamentally, all steady state fluxes in a network are decomposable into a linear combination of EFMs. While there is typically no unique set of EFM weights that reconstructs these fluxes, several optimization-based methods have been proposed to constrain the solution space by enforcing some notion of parsimony. However, it has long been recognized that optimization-based approaches may fail to uniquely identify EFM weights and return different feasible solutions across objective functions and solvers. Here we show that, for flux networks only involving single molecule transformations, these problems can be avoided by imposing a Markovian constraint on EFM weights. Our Markovian constraint guarantees a unique solution to the flux decomposition problem, and that solution is arguably more biophysically plausible than other solutions. We describe an algorithm for computing Markovian EFM weights via steady state analysis of a certain discrete-time Markov chain, based on the flux network, which we call the cycle-history Markov chain. We demonstrate our method with a differential analysis of EFM activity in a lipid metabolic network comparing healthy and Alzheimers disease patients. Our method is the first to uniquely decompose steady state fluxes into EFM weights for any unimolecular metabolic network.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chitpin, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perkins, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.25.501464</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Markov constraint to uniquely identify elementary flux mode weights in unimolecular metabolic networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.27.501708v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular basis for antiviral activity of pediatric neutralizing antibodies targeting SARS-CoV-2 Spike receptor binding domain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.27.501708v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) hold great promise for clinical interventions against SARS-CoV- 2 variants of concern (VOCs). Understanding NAb epitope-dependent antiviral mechanisms is crucial for developing vaccines and therapeutics against VOCs. Here we characterized two potent NAbs, EH3 and EH8, isolated from an unvaccinated pediatric patient with exceptional plasma neutralization activity. EH3 and EH8 cross-neutralize the early VOCs and mediate strong Fc-dependent effector activity in vitro. Structural analyses of EH3 and EH8 in complex with the receptor-binding domain (RBD) revealed the molecular determinants of the epitope-driven protection and VOC-evasion. While EH3 represents the prevalent IGHV3-53 NAb whose epitope substantially overlaps with the ACE2 binding site, EH8 recognizes a narrow epitope exposed in both RBD-up and RBD-down conformations. When tested in vivo, a single-dose prophylactic administration of EH3 fully protected stringent K18-hACE2 mice from lethal challenge with Delta VOC. Our study demonstrates that protective NAbs responses converge in pediatric and adult SARS-CoV-2 patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prevost, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ullah, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romero, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lisi, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tolbert, W. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grover, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beaudoin-Bussieres, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gasser, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benlarbi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vezina, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anand, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chatterjee, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goyette, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grunst, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beland, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeher, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, D. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sherburn, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piszczek, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pare, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matthies, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richard, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mothes, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cote, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uchil, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavallee, V.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pazgier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haddad, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finzi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.27.501708</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular basis for antiviral activity of pediatric neutralizing antibodies targeting SARS-CoV-2 Spike receptor binding domain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.30.502163v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An economic and robust TMT labeling approach for high throughput proteomic and metaproteomic analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.30.502163v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multiplexed quantitative proteomics using tandem mass tag (TMT) is increasingly used in -omic study of complex samples. While TMT-based proteomics has the advantages of the higher quantitative accuracy, fewer missing values, and reduced instrument analysis time, it is limited by the increased cost due to the use of labeling reagents. In addition, current TMT labeling workflows involve repeated small volume pipetting of reagents in volatile organic solvents, which may increase the sample-to-sample variations and is not readily suitable for high throughput applications. In this study, we demonstrated that the TMT labeling procedures could be streamlined by using pre-aliquoted dry TMT reagents in a 96 well plate or 12-tube strip. As little as 50 g dry TMT per channel effectively labels 6-12 g peptides, yielding efficient TMT labeling efficiency ([~]99%) in both microbiome and mammalian cell line samples. This streamlined workflow decreases reagent loss and reduces inter-sample variations. We applied this workflow to analyze 97 samples in a study to evaluate whether ice recrystallization inhibitors improve the cultivability and activity of frozen microbiota. The results demonstrated tight sample clustering corresponding to groups and consistent microbiome responses to prebiotic treatments. This study supports the use of TMT reagents that are pre-aliquoted, dried, and stored for streamlined and robust quantitative proteomics and metaproteomics in high throughput applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Creskey, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, l.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ning, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayne, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ampaw, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ben, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Figeys, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.30.502163</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An economic and robust TMT labeling approach for high throughput proteomic and metaproteomic analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.03.502618v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RapidAIM 2.0: a high-throughput assay to study functional response of human gut microbiome to xenobiotics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.03.502618v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Our gut microbiome functions like an organ, having its own set of functions and roles which can be modulated by various types of xenobiotic and biotic components. High-throughput screening approaches that are established based on in vitro or ex vivo cell, tissue or organ models greatly accelerate drug discovery and our understanding of biological and pathological processes within these systems. There was a lack of a high-throughput compatible functional screening approach of the gut microbiome until we recently developed the RapidAIM (Rapid Assay of Individual Microbiome). RapidAIM combines an optimized culturing model, which maintains the taxonomic and functional profiles of the human gut microbiome in vitro, and a high-throughput metaproteomics workflow to gain deep functional insights into microbiome responses. This protocol describes the most recently optimized 2.0 version of RapidAIM, consisting of extensive details on stool sample collection, biobanking, in vitro culturing and stimulation, microbiome sample processing, and metaproteomics measurement and data analysis. To demonstrate the typical outcome of the protocol, we show an example of using RapidAIM 2.0 to evaluate the effect of prebiotic kestose on ex vivo individual human gut microbiomes biobanked with five different workflows; we also show that kestose had consistent functional effects across individuals and can be used as positive control in the assay.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayne, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beltran, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>ZHANG, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ning, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Figeys, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.03.502618</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RapidAIM 2.0: a high-throughput assay to study functional response of human gut microbiome to xenobiotics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.11.503537v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptome and chromatin accessibility mapping reveals a type I interferon response triggered by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.11.503537v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tuberculosis, a deadly infectious lung disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains the leading cause of bacterial disease-related deaths worldwide. The success of Mtb as a human pathogen depends on its ability to manipulate host immune response pathways, many of which are regulated by epigenetic mechanisms that control the accessibility of chromatin to the transcriptional machinery. Recent reports suggest that host phosphatases, such as PPM1A, may play a role in the regulation of chromatin accessibility during bacterial infections. However, changes in genome-wide chromatin accessibility during Mtb infection and whether PPM1A plays a role in this process remains unknown. Using combinatorial chromatin accessibility (ATAC-seq) and transcriptomics (RNA-seq) profiling of wild-type (WT), PPM1A knockout ({Delta}PPM1A) and PPM1A overexpressing (PPM1A+) macrophages, we demonstrate that Mtb infection induces global chromatin remodeling consistent with changes in gene expression signatures. The strongest concordant chromatin accessibility and gene expression signature triggered by Mtb infection was enriched for genes involved in the type I interferon (IFN) signaling pathways. Modulation of PPM1A expression results in altered chromatin accessibility signatures during Mtb infection that are reflected in the total number, chromosome location and directionality of change. Transcription factor motif analysis revealed an enrichment for transcription factors involved in the type I IFN pathway during Mtb infection, including IRF4, MEF2A, and JDP2. In contrast, both deletion and overexpression of PPM1A produced unique transcription factor enrichment signatures linked to the genomic regions with altered chromatin accessibility. Our study demonstrates that altered type I IFN responses in Mtb-infected macrophages occurs as a result of genome-wide changes in chromatin accessibility, and that PPM1A likely plays a role in a subset of these signatures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Madden, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El Hamra, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berton, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarez, G. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blais, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.11.503537</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptome and chromatin accessibility mapping reveals a type I interferon response triggered by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.12.503750v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sphingosine kinases promote Ebola virus infection and can be targeted to inhibit filoviruses, coronaviruses, and arenaviruses using late endocytic trafficking to enter cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.12.503750v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Entry of enveloped viruses in host cells requires the fusion of the viral and host cell membranes, a process that is facilitated by viral fusion proteins protruding from the viral envelope. For fusion, viral fusion proteins need to be triggered by host factors and for some viruses, such as Ebola virus (EBOV) and Lassa fever virus, this event occurs inside endosomes and/or lysosomes. Consequently, these  late-penetrating viruses must be internalized and delivered to entry-conducive intracellular vesicles. Because endocytosis and vesicular trafficking are tightly regulated cellular processes, late penetrating viruses also depend on specific host factors, such as signaling molecules, for efficient viral delivery to the site of fusion, suggesting that these could be targeted for antiviral therapy. In this study, we investigated a role for sphingosine kinases (SKs) in viral entry and found that chemical inhibition of sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1) and/or SK2 and knockdown of SK1 or SK2, inhibited entry of EBOV into host cells. Mechanistically, inhibition of SK1 and/or SK2 prevented EBOV from reaching late-endosomes and lysosomes that are positive for the EBOV receptor, Niemann Pick C1 (NPC1). Furthermore, we present evidence that suggests the trafficking defect caused by SK1/2 inhibition occurs independently of S1P signaling through cell-surface S1PRs. Lastly, we found that chemical inhibition of SKs prevents entry of other late-penetrating viruses, including arenaviruses and coronaviruses, in addition to inhibiting infection by replication competent EBOV and SARS-CoV-2 in Huh7.5 cells. In sum, our results highlight an important role played by SKs in endocytic trafficking which can be targeted to inhibit entry of late-penetrating viruses. SK inhibitors could serve as a starting point for the development of broad-spectrum antiviral therapeutics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stewart, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kozak, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Apperley, K. Y.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laroche, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beauchemin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kobinger, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kobasa, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cote, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.12.503750</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sphingosine kinases promote Ebola virus infection and can be targeted to inhibit filoviruses, coronaviruses, and arenaviruses using late endocytic trafficking to enter cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.17.504342v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Simplified Function-First Method for the Discovery and Optimization of Bispecific Immune Engaging Antibodies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.17.504342v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bi-specific T-cell engager antibodies (BITEs) are synthetic soluble molecules derived from antibodies that induce active contact between T-cells and other target cells in the body. BITE therapeutics have shown great promise for the treatment of various forms of cancer; however, the current development process for BITEs is time consuming and costly. BITE development requires empirical testing and characterization of the individual antigen binding domains, followed by extensive engineering and optimization in bi-specific molecular format to generate a molecule with strong biological activity and appropriate characteristics for clinical development. Here, we sought to create a cost efficient high-throughput method for creating and evaluating BITEs using a simplified function first approach to identify bioactive molecules without purification. Using a plasmid with a modular structure to allow high efficiency exchange of either binder arm, we established a simple method to combine many novel tumour-targeting single chain variable (scFv) domains with the well-characterized OKT3 scFv CD3-targeting domain. After generating these novel plasmids, we demonstrate two systems for high throughput functional screening of BITE molecules based on Jurkat T cells (referred to as BITE-J). Using BITE-J we evaluate four EGFRvIII BITEs, identifying two constructs with superior activity. We then confirmed this activity in primary T cells, where novel EGFRvIII-BITEs induced T cell activation and antigen selective tumor killing. We also demonstrate that we can similarly exchange the CD3-interacting element of our bi-modular plasmid. By testing several novel CD3-targeting scFv elements for activity in EGFRvIII-targeted BITEs, we were able to identify highly active BITE molecules with desirable properties for downstream development. In summary, BITE-J presents a low cost, high-throughput method for the rapid assessment of novel BITE molecules without the need for purification and quantification.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McComb, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shepherd, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennychen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marcil, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bloemberg, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pon, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weeratna, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.17.504342</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Simplified Function-First Method for the Discovery and Optimization of Bispecific Immune Engaging Antibodies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.25.505270v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neural diversity quenches the dynamic volatility of balanced neural networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.25.505270v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Heterogeneity is the norm in biology. The brain is no different: neuronal cell-types are myriad, reflected through their cellular morphology, type, excitability, connectivity motifs and ion channel distributions. While this biophysical diversity enriches neural systems dynamical repertoire, it remains challenging to reconcile with the robustness and persistence of brain function over time. To better understand the relationship between heterogeneity and resilience, we analyzed both analytically and numerically a non-linear sparse neural network with balanced excitatory and inhibitory connections evolving over long time scales. We examined how neural diversity expressed as excitability heterogeneity in this network influences its dynamic volatility (i.e., its susceptibility to critical transitions). We exposed this network to slowly-varying modulatory fluctuations, continuously interrogating its stability and resilience. Our results show that excitability heterogeneity implements a homeostatic control mechanism tuning network stability in a context-dependent way. Such diversity was also found to enhance network resilience, quenching the volatility of its dynamics, effectively making the system independent of changes in many control parameters, such as population size, connection probability, strength and variability of synaptic weights as well as modulatory drive. Taken together, these results highlight the fundamental role played by cell-type heterogeneity in the robustness of brain function in the face of change.

Significance StatementContemporary research has identified widespread cell-to-cell intrinsic diversity in the brain, manifest through variations in biophysical features such as neuronal excitability. A natural question that arises from this phenomenon is what functional role, if any, this heterogeneity might serve. Combining computational and mathematical techniques, this interdisciplinary research shows that intrinsic cell-to-cell diversity, far from mere developmental noise, represents a homeostatic control mechanism, promoting the resilience of neuronal circuits. These results highlight the importance of diversity in the robustness and persistence of brain function over time and in the face of change.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hutt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rich, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valiante, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lefebvre, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.25.505270</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neural diversity quenches the dynamic volatility of balanced neural networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.31.506056v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A slow 5-HT1AR-mediated recurrent inhibitory network in raphe computes contextual value through synaptic facilitation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.31.506056v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Serotonin (5-HT) neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) receive a constellation of long-range inputs, yet guiding principles of local circuit organization and underlying computations in this nucleus are largely unknown. Using inputs from the lateral habenula (LHb) to interrogate the processing features of the DRN, we uncovered 5-HT1A receptor-mediated recurrent connections between 5-HT neurons, refuting classical theories of autoinhibition. Cellular electrophysiology and imaging of a genetically encoded 5-HT sensor revealed that these recurrent inhibitory connections spanned the raphe, were slow, stochastic, strongly facilitating, and gated spike output. These features collectively conveyed highly non-linear dynamics to this network, generating excitation-driven inhibition and winner-take-all computations. In vivo optogenetic activation of LHb inputs to DRN, at frequencies where these computations are predicted to ignite, transiently disrupted expression of a reward-conditioned response in an auditory conditioning task. Together, these data identify a core computation supported by an unsuspected slow serotonergic recurrent inhibitory network.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lynn, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geddes, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chahrour, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maille, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harkin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harvey-Girard, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haj-Dahmane, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naud, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beique, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.31.506056</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A slow 5-HT1AR-mediated recurrent inhibitory network in raphe computes contextual value through synaptic facilitation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.31.506095v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
More than a ligand: PD-L1 promotes oncolytic virus infection via a metabolic shift that inhibits the type I interferon pathway. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.31.506095v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis has transformed the field of immune-oncology. While conventional wisdom initially postulated that PD-L1 serves as the inert ligand for PD-1, an emerging body of literature suggests that PD-L1 has cell-intrinsic functions in immune and cancer cells. In line with these studies, here we show that engagement of PD-L1 via cellular ligands or agonistic antibodies, including those used in the clinic, potently inhibits the type I interferon pathway in cancer cells. Hampered type I interferon responses in PD-L1-expressing cancer cells resulted in enhanced infection with oncolytic viruses in vitro and in vivo. Consistently, PD-L1 expression marked tumor explants from cancer patients that were best infected by oncolytic viruses. Mechanistically, PD-L1 suppressed type I interferon by promoting a metabolic shift characterized by enhanced glucose uptake and glycolysis rate. Lactate generated from glycolysis was the key metabolite responsible for inhibiting type I interferon responses and enhancing oncolytic virus infection in PD-L1-expressing cells. In addition to adding mechanistic insight into PD-L1 intrinsic function and showing that PD-L1 has a broader impact on immunity and cancer biology besides acting as a ligand for PD-1, our results will also help guide the numerous efforts currently ongoing to combine PD-L1 antibodies with oncolytic virotherapy in clinical trials.

Once sentence summaryPD-L1 promotes oncolytic virus efficacy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hodgins, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abou-Hamad, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagerman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yakubovich, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanese De Souza, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marotel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buchler, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fadel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fong-McMaster, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crupi, M. J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bell, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harper, M.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rotstein, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Auer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vanderhyden, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sabourin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bourgeois-Daigneault, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cook, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ardolino, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.31.506095</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[More than a ligand: PD-L1 promotes oncolytic virus infection via a metabolic shift that inhibits the type I interferon pathway.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.05.506622v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A third SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine dose in people receiving hemodialysis overcomes B cell defects but elicits a skewed CD4+ T cell profile 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.05.506622v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cellular immune defects associated with suboptimal responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in people receiving hemodialysis (HD) are poorly understood. We longitudinally analyzed antibody, B cell, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell vaccine responses in 27 HD patients and 26 low-risk control individuals (CI). The first two doses elicit weaker B cell and CD8+ T cell responses in HD than in CI, while CD4+ T cell responses are quantitatively similar. In HD, a third dose robustly boosts B cell responses, leads to convergent CD8+ T cell responses and enhances comparatively more Thelper (TH) immunity. Unsupervised clustering of single-cell features reveals phenotypic and functional shifts over time and between cohorts. The third dose attenuates some features of TH cells in HD (TNF/IL-2 skewing), while others (CCR6, CXCR6, PD-1 and HLA-DR overexpression) persist. Therefore, a third vaccine dose is critical to achieve robust multifaceted immunity in hemodialysis patients, although some distinct TH characteristics endure.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sannier, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicolas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dube, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marchitto, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nayrac, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tastet, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tauzin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lima-Barbosa, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laporte, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cloutier, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flores, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boutin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benlarbi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bourassa, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gendron-Lepage, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medjahed, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goyette, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brassard, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ortega-Delgado, G.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niessl, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gokool, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morrisseau, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arlotto, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rios, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tremblay, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martel-Laferriere, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prat, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belair, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beaubien-Souligny, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goupil, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nadeau-Fredette, A.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamarche, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finzi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suri, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufmann, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.05.506622</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A third SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine dose in people receiving hemodialysis overcomes B cell defects but elicits a skewed CD4+ T cell profile]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.06.506753v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bridging global actin network patterns to local molecular dynamics: a combined modeling and machine learning framework 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.06.506753v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cells rely on their cytoskeleton for key processes including division and directed motility. Actin filaments are a primary constituent of the cytoskeleton. Although actin filaments can create a variety of network architectures linked to distinct cell functions, the microscale molecular interactions that give rise to these macroscale structures are not well understood. In this work, we investigate the microscale mechanisms that produce different branched actin network structures using an iterative classification approach. First, we employ a simple yet comprehensive agent-based model that produces synthetic actin networks with precise control over the microscale dynamics. Then we apply machine learning techniques to classify actin networks based on measurable network density and geometry, identifying key mechanistic processes that lead to particular branched actin network architectures. Extensive computational experiments reveal that the most accurate method uses a combination of supervised learning based on network density and unsupervised learning based on network symmetry. This framework can potentially serve as a powerful tool to discover the molecular interactions that produce the wide variety of actin network configurations associated with normal development as well as pathological conditions such as cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rostami, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bannish, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gasior, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinals, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Copos, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dawes, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.06.506753</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bridging global actin network patterns to local molecular dynamics: a combined modeling and machine learning framework]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.09.507035v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Characterizing the differential distribution and targets of Sumo paralogs in the mouse brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.09.507035v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SUMOylation is an evolutionarily conserved and essential mechanism whereby Small Ubiquitin Like Modifiers, or SUMO proteins (Sumo in mice), are covalently bound to protein substrates in a highly dynamic and reversible manner. SUMOylation is involved in a variety of basic neurological processes including learning and memory, and central nervous system development, but is also linked with neurological disorders. However, studying SUMOylation in vivo remains challenging due to limited tools to study Sumo proteins and their targets in their native context. More complexity arises from the fact that Sumo1 and Sumo2 are [~]50% homologous, whereas Sumo2 and Sumo3 are nearly identical and indistinguishable with antibodies. While Sumo paralogues can compensate for one anothers loss, Sumo2 is highest expressed and only paralog essential for embryonic development making it critical to uncover roles specific to Sumo2 in vivo. To further examine the roles of Sumo2, and to begin to tease apart the redundancy and similarity between key Sumo paralogs, we generated (His6-)HA epitope-tagged Sumo2 knock-in mouse alleles, expanding the current Sumo knock-in mouse tool-kit comprising of the previously generated His6-HA-Sumo1 knock-in model. Using these HA-Sumo mouse lines, we performed whole brain imaging and mapping to the Allen Brain Atlas to analyze the relative distribution of the Sumo1 and Sumo2 paralogues in the adult mouse brain. We observed differential staining patterns between Sumo1 and Sumo2, including a partial localization of Sumo2 in nerve cell synapses of the hippocampus. Combining immunoprecipitation with mass spectrometry, we identified native substrates targeted by Sumo1 or Sumo2 in the mouse brain. We validated select hits using proximity ligation assays, further providing insight into the subcellular distribution of neuronal Sumo2-conjugates. These mouse models thus serve as valuable tools to study the cellular and biochemical roles of SUMOylation in the central nervous system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Suk, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisk, Z. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitkovski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geertsma, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parmasad, J.-L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heer, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Callaghan, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brose, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tirard, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rousseaux, M. W. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.09.507035</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Characterizing the differential distribution and targets of Sumo paralogs in the mouse brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.09.507125v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeting extracellular vesicle delivery to the lungs by microgel encapsulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.09.507125v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by stem and progenitor cells have significant potential as cell-free  cellular therapeutics. Yet, small EVs (<200 nm) are rapidly cleared after systemic administration, mainly by the liver, presenting challenges targeting EVs to a specific organ or tissue. Microencapsulation using natural nano-porous hydrogels (microgels) has been shown to enhance engraftment and increase the survival of transplanted cells. We sought to encapsulate EVs within microgels to target their delivery to the lung by virtue of their size-based retention within the pulmonary microcirculation. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) derived EVs were labelled with the lipophilic dye (DiR) and encapsulated within agarose-gelatin microgels. Endothelial cells and bone marrow derived macrophages were able to take up EVs encapsulated in microgels in vitro, but less efficiently than the uptake of free EVs. Following intrajugular administration, microgel encapsulated EVs were selectively retained within the lungs for 72 hours, while free EVs were rapidly cleared by the liver. Furthermore, microgel loaded EVs demonstrated greater uptake by lung cells, in particular CD45+ immune cells, as assessed by flow cytometry compared to free EVs. Microencapsulation of EVs may be a novel tool for enhancing targeted delivery of EVs for future therapeutic applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cober, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rowe, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benavente-Babace, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Courtman, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.09.507125</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeting extracellular vesicle delivery to the lungs by microgel encapsulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.09.507377v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SPECC1L binds MYPT1/PP1β and can regulate its distribution between microtubules and filamentous actin 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.09.507377v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The subcellular localization, activity and substrate specificity of the serine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit (PP1 cat) is mediated through its dynamic association with regulatory subunits in holoenzyme complexes. While some functional overlap is observed for the three human PP1cat isoforms, they also show distinct targeting based on relative preferences for specific regulatory subunits. A well-known example is the preferential association of MYPT1 with PP1{beta} in the myosin phosphatase complex. In smooth muscle, MYPT1/ PP1{beta} counteracts the muscle contraction induced by phosphorylation of the light chains of myosin by the myosin light chain kinase. This phosphatase complex is also found in non-muscle cells, where it is targeted to both myosin and non-myosin substrates and contributes to regulation of the balance of cytoskeletal structure and motility during cell migration and division. Although it remains unclear how MYPT1/PP1{beta} traffics between microtubule- and actin-associated substrates, our identification of the microtubule- and actin-binding protein SPECC1L in both the PP1{beta} and MYPT1 interactomes suggested that it may be the missing link. Validation of their association, together with the strong overlap that we observed for the SPECC1L and MYPT1 interactomes, suggested that they exist in a stable complex in the cell. We further showed that SPECC1L binds MYPT1 directly, and that it can impact the balance of the distribution of the MYPT1/ PP1{beta} complex between the microtubule and filamentous actin networks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mehta, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Decan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaudreau-Lapierre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Copeland, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trinkle-Mulcahy, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.09.507377</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SPECC1L binds MYPT1/PP1β and can regulate its distribution between microtubules and filamentous actin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.09.507380v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Subcellular distribution of PP1 isoforms in holoenzyme complexes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.09.507380v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Unlike its counterpart Ser/Thr kinases, the predominant Ser/Thr protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is a promiscuous enzyme that gains its subcellular localization and substrate specificity from a large panel of regulatory proteins with which it associates in predominantly dimeric complexes. Inhibition of specific PP1-mediated dephosphorylation events relies on targeting the regulatory rather than the catalytic subunit, which in turn relies on a comprehensive understanding of the holoenzyme complexes that underlie its distribution throughout the cell. Proteomic, bioinformatic and biochemical screens have assembled lists of putative regulatory proteins, which have been studied to varying degrees. We took a non-biased approach to link steady-state localization to complexes, using a combination of fluorescence imaging, cellular fractionation and quantitative affinity purification/mass spectrometry (AP/MS) to map interactomes for PP1[a]/{beta}/{gamma} in 3 human cell lines. Comparing the distribution of each isoform between the pool of identified regulatory subunits highlighted key signaling pathways and identified c20orf27 as a novel PP1 regulatory protein. Steady-state association of a large fraction of PP1 with the evolutionarily conserved SDS22 was demonstrated, as was redistribution at the entry to mitosis. This is consistent with recent work suggesting that SDS22 acts as a PP1 sink from which it can be recruited as needed. Moving forward, this approach can be used to assess the redistribution of PP1 during other cellular processes or in response to perturbations or disease states, facilitating identification of the relevant complexes and the design of strategies to target them therapeutically.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mehta, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chamousset, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Law, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ooi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campuzano, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boisvert, F.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moorhead, G. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trinkle-Mulcahy, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.09.507380</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Subcellular distribution of PP1 isoforms in holoenzyme complexes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.13.507804v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Derepression masquerades as activation in a pentameric ligand-gated ion channel 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.13.507804v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Agonists are ligands that bind to receptors and activate them. In the case of ligand-gated ion channels, such as the muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, mechanisms of agonist activation have been studied for decades. Taking advantage of a reconstructed ancestral muscle-type {beta}-subunit that forms spontaneously activating homopentamers, here we show that incorporation of human muscle-type -subunits represses spontaneous activity, and furthermore that the presence of agonist relieves this -subunit-dependent repression. Our results demonstrate that rather than provoking channel activation/opening, agonists may instead  inhibit the inhibition of intrinsic spontaneous activity. Thus, agonist activation may be the apparent manifestation of agonist-induced derepression. These results provide insight into intermediate states that precede channel opening and have implications for the interpretation of agonism in ligand-gated ion channels.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tessier, C. J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emlaw, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sturgeon, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>daCosta, C. J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.13.507804</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Derepression masquerades as activation in a pentameric ligand-gated ion channel]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.13.507821v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chronic stress exposure alters the gut barrier: sex-specific effects on microbiota and jejunum tight junctions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.13.507821v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the leading cause of disability worldwide. However, 30-50% of patients are unresponsive to commonly prescribed antidepressants, highlighting untapped causal biological mechanisms. Dysfunction in the microbiota-gut-brain axis, the bidirectional communications between the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract that are modulated by gut microorganisms, has been implicated in MDD pathogenesis. Exposure to chronic stress disrupts blood-brain barrier integrity, still, little is known about intestinal barrier function in these conditions particularly for the small intestine where most food and drug absorption takes place. Thus, here we investigate how chronic social or variable stress, two mouse models of depression, impact the jejunum (JEJ) intestinal barrier in males and females. Mice were subjected to stress paradigms followed by analysis of gene expression profiles of intestinal barrier-related targets, fecal microbial composition, and blood-based markers. Altered microbial populations as well as changes in gene expression of JEJ tight junctions were observed depending on the type and duration of stress, with sex-specific effects. We took advantage of machine learning to characterize in detail morphological tight junction properties identifying a cluster of ruffled junctions in stressed animals. Junctional ruffling is associated with inflammation, so we evaluated if LPS injection recapitulates stress-induced changes in the JEJ and observed profound sex differences. Finally, LPS-binding protein (LBP), a marker of gut barrier leakiness, was associated with stress vulnerability in mice and translational value was confirmed on blood samples from women with MDD. Our results provide evidence that chronic stress disrupts intestinal barrier homeostasis in conjunction with the manifestation of depressive-like behaviors in a sex-specific manner in mice and possibly, human depression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Doney, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dion-Albert, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coulombe-Rozon, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osbourne, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernatchez, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paton, S. E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufmann, F. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agomma, R. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solano, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaumond, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dudek, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szyszkowicz, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Signature Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lebel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doyen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durand, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavoie-Cardinal, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Audet, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menard, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.13.507821</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chronic stress exposure alters the gut barrier: sex-specific effects on microbiota and jejunum tight junctions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.16.508321v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Computational remodeling of an enzyme conformational landscape for altered substrate selectivity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.16.508321v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Structural plasticity of enzymes dictates their function. Yet, our ability to rationally remodel enzyme conformational landscapes to tailor catalytic properties remains limited. Here, we report a computational procedure for tuning conformational landscapes that is based on multistate design. Using this method, we redesigned the conformational landscape of a natural aminotransferase to preferentially stabilize a less populated but reactive conformation, and thereby increase catalytic efficiency with a non-native substrate to alter substrate selectivity. Steady-state kinetics of designed variants revealed selectivity switches of up to 1900-fold, and structural analyses by room-temperature X-ray crystallography and multitemperature nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy confirmed that conformational equilibria favoured the target conformation. Our computational approach opens the door to the fine-tuning of enzyme conformational landscapes to create designer biocatalysts with tailored functionality.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>St-Jacques, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eason, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foster, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khan, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Damry, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goto, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chica, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.16.508321</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Computational remodeling of an enzyme conformational landscape for altered substrate selectivity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.23.509131v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multisensory inputs control the regulation of time investment for mating by sexual experience in male Drosophila melanogaster 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.23.509131v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Males have finite resources to spend on reproduction. Thus, males rely on a  time investment strategy to maximize their reproductive success. For example, male Drosophila melanogaster extends their mating duration when surrounded by conditions enriched with rivals. Here we report a novel form of behavioral plasticity whereby male fruit flies exhibit a shortened duration of mating when they are sexually experienced; we refer to this plasticity as  shorter-mating-duration (SMD). SMD is a plastic behavior and requires sexually dimorphic taste neurons. We identified several neurons in the male foreleg and midleg that express specific sugar, pheromone and mechanosensory receptors. Using a cost-benefit model and behavioral experiments, we further show that SMD behavior exhibits adaptive behavioral plasticity in male flies. Thus, our study delineates the molecular and cellular basis of the sensory inputs required for SMD; this represents a plastic interval timing behavior that could serve as a model system to study how multisensory inputs converge to modify interval timing behavior for improved adaptation.

ONE SENTENCE SUMMARYMale flies use information derived from their previous sexual experiences from multiple sensory inputs to optimize their investment in mating.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saad, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, K.-N. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guerra-Phalen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bui, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abbas, A.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trinh, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malik, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeghal, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Auge, A.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Islam, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stern, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lebedev, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sherratt, T. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.23.509131</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multisensory inputs control the regulation of time investment for mating by sexual experience in male Drosophila melanogaster]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.28.509880v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
From comparative gene content and gene order to ancestral contigs, chromosomes and karyotypes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.28.509880v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To reconstruct the ancestral genome of a set of phylogenetically related descendant species, we use the Raccroche pipeline for organizing a large number of generalized gene adjacencies into contigs and then into chromosomes. Separate reconstructions are carried out for each ancestral node of the phylogenetic tree for focal taxa. The ancestral reconstructions are monoploids; they each contain at most one member of each gene family constructed from descendants, ordered along the chromosomes. We design and implement a new computational technique for solving the problem of estimating the ancestral monoploid number of chromosomes x. This involves a "g-mer" analysis to resolve a bias due long contigs, and gap statistics to estimate x. We find that the monoploid number of all the rosid and asterid orders is x = 9. We show that this is not an artifact of our method by deriving x {approx} 20 for the metazoan ancestor.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leebens-Mack, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sankoff, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.28.509880</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[From comparative gene content and gene order to ancestral contigs, chromosomes and karyotypes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.30.510305v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Murine macrophage choline metabolism underpins IL-4 polarization and RELMα up-regulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.30.510305v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Type 2 cytokines like IL-4 are hallmarks of helminth infection and activate macrophages to limit immunopathology and mediate helminth clearance. In addition to cytokines, nutrients and metabolites critically influence macrophage polarization. Choline is an essential nutrient known to support normal macrophage responses to lipopolysaccharide; however, its function in macrophages polarized by type 2 cytokines is unknown. Using murine IL-4-polarized macrophages, targeted lipidomics revealed significantly elevated levels of phosphatidylcholine, with select changes to other choline-containing lipid species. These changes were supported by the coordinated upregulation of choline transport compared to naive macrophages. Pharmacological inhibition of choline metabolism significantly suppressed several mitochondrial transcripts and dramatically inhibited select IL-4-responsive transcripts, most notably, Retnla. We further confirmed that blocking choline metabolism diminished IL-4-induced RELM (encoded by Retnla) protein content and secretion and caused a dramatic reprogramming toward glycolytic metabolism. To better understand the physiological implications of these observations, naive or mice infected with intestinal helminths Heligmosomoides polygyrus or Nippostrongylus brasiliensis were treated with the choline kinase  inhibitor, RSM-932A, to limit choline metabolism in vivo. Pharmacological inhibition of choline metabolism lowered RELM expression across cell-types and tissues and led to the disappearance of peritoneal macrophages and B-1 lymphocytes and an influx of infiltrating monocytes. The impaired macrophage activation was associated with some loss in optimal immunity to H. polygyrus with increased egg burden, but there were no differences in intestinal worm count nor differences in N. brasiliensis parasite burden. Together, these data demonstrate that choline metabolism is required for macrophage RELM induction, metabolic programming, and peritoneal immune homeostasis, which could have important implications in the context of other models of infection or cancer immunity.



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=125 SRC="FIGDIR/small/510305v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ghorbani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, T. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minarrieta, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kilgour, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ilijevska, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alecu, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snider, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Margison, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nunes, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pember, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Dwyer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>St-Pierre, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nair, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fullerton, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.30.510305</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Murine macrophage choline metabolism underpins IL-4 polarization and RELMα up-regulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.06.511070v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The TUDOR domain of SMN is an H3K79me1 histone mark reader 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.06.511070v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spinal Muscle Atrophy (SMA) is the leading genetic cause of infant mortality and results from the loss of functional Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) protein by either deletion or mutation of the SMN1 gene. SMN is characterized by a central TUDOR domain, which mediates the association of SMN with arginine methylated (Rme) partners, such as COILIN, FIBRILLARIN, and RNApolII. Herein, we biochemically demonstrate that SMN also associates with histone H3 monomethylated on lysine 79 (H3K79me1), defining SMN as the first known H3K79me1 histone mark reader, and thus the first histone mark reader to recognize both methylated arginine and lysine residues. Mutational analyzes provide evidence that SMNTUDOR associates with H3 via an aromatic cage. Importantly, most SMNTUDOR mutants found in SMA (SMNST) patients fail to associate with H3K79me1.

Summary BlurbSpinal Muscle Atrophy (SMA) is caused by mutation or deletion of SMN1 gene. Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) protein associates with histone H3 mono-methylated on lysine 79 (H3K79me1) through its central TUDOR domain. SMA-linked mutations occur within the TUDOR domain and prevent association with histone H3.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Binda, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kimenyi Ishimwe, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galloy, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacquet, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corpet, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fradet-Turcotte, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cote, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lomonte, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.06.511070</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The TUDOR domain of SMN is an H3K79me1 histone mark reader]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.07.511138v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A ternary neural code resolves error and sharpening signals 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.07.511138v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Theories of attention and learning have hypothesized a central role for high-frequency bursting in cognitive functions, but experimental reports of burst-mediated representations in vivo have been limited. Here we used a novel demultiplexing approach by considering a conjunctive burst code. We studied this code in vivo while animals learned to report direct electrical stimulation of the somatosensory cortex and found two acquired yet independent representations. One code, the event rate, showed a sparse and succint stiumulus representation and a small modulation upon detection errors. The other code, the burst fraction, correlated more globally with stimulation and more promptly responded to detection errors. Bursting modulation was potent and its time course evolved, even in cells that were considered unresponsive based on the firing rate. During the later stages of training, this modulation in bursting happened earlier, gradually aligning temporally with the representation in event rate. The alignment of bursting and event rate modulation sharpened the firing rate response, and was strongly associated behavioral accuracy. Thus a fine-grained separation of spike timing patterns reveals two signals that accompany stimulus representations: an error signal that can be essential to guide learning and a sharpening signal that could implement attention mechanisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Naud, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedenberger, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shin, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beique, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larkum, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doron, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.07.511138</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A ternary neural code resolves error and sharpening signals]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.07.511246v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Surface glia predominantly contribute to the development of ALS/FTD in Drosophila model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.07.511246v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor neuron degeneration in the primary motor neurons. C9orf72 repeat expansion mutation is the most prevalent genetic causes of ALS/FTD. Due to the complexity of ALS, there has been no successful therapy for the condition. The traditional neurocentric concept of ALS derives in part from the assumption that the degradation of motor neuron (MN) cells in ALS is driven by cell-autonomous mechanisms, however, recent research has focused on the non-cell-autonomous pathogenic mechanisms such as glial, immune cells and blood-brain barriers participate in the degeneration of MNs in ALS. Drosophila melanogaster is widely used as a genetic model for ALS, giving essential mechanistic data on disease onset and development. Using newly developed genetic tools to individually mark each subtype of the adult glial system in the fruit fly, we demonstrate that surface glia are the major glial subtypes for the pathogenesis of C9orf72-mediated ALS/FTD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Snow, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stevenson, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaur, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.07.511246</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Surface glia predominantly contribute to the development of ALS/FTD in Drosophila model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.07.511249v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Glia-specific expression of neuropeptide receptor Lgr4 regulates development and adult physiology in Drosophila 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.07.511249v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Similar to the human brain, Drosophila glia may well be divided into several subtypes that each carry out specific functions. Glial GPCRs plays key roles in crosstalk between neurons and glia. Drosophila Lgr4 (dLgr4) is a human relaxin receptor homolog involved in angiogenesis, cardiovascular regulation, collagen remodeling, and wound healing. Recent study suggests that ilp7 might be the ligand for Lgr4 and regulates escape behavior of Drosophila larvae. Here we demonstrate that Drosophila Lgr4 expression in glial cells, not neurons, is necessary for early development, adult behavior, and lifespan. Reducing the Lgr4 level in glial cells, but not neurons, disrupts Drosophila development, although knocking down other LGR family members in glia has no impact. Adult-specific knockdown of Lgr4 in glia but not neurons reduce locomotion, male reproductive success, and animal longevity. The investigation of how glial expression of Lgr4 contributes to this behavioral alteration will increase our understanding of how insulin signaling via glia selectively modulates neuronal activity and behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaur, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.07.511249</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Glia-specific expression of neuropeptide receptor Lgr4 regulates development and adult physiology in Drosophila]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.07.511301v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sex-specific acute cerebrovascular response to photothrombotic stroke in mice requires rho-kinase 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.07.511301v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
With high energy consumption and low energy storage, the brain is highly reliant on continuous cerebral blood flow (CBF) that delivers substrates to maintain proper function, which is compromised after a stroke. The current study explores the overlapping roles played by two important modulators of cerebrovascular tone, rho-kinase (ROCK) and endogenous sex hormones, in the acute CBF responses to a photothrombotic (PT) model of ischemic stroke in ROCK2+/- mice and wild-type (WT) littermates. To remove endogenous hormones, male mice were gonadectomized and female mice were ovariectomized, whereas control ("intact") animals received a sham surgery prior to stroke induction. Intact WT males showed a delayed drop in CBF compared to intact WT females, where maximal CBF drop was observed 48 hours following stroke. Gonadectomy in males did not alter this response, however ovariectomy in females produced a "male-like" response. Intact ROCK2+/- males also showed such phenotypic response, which was not altered by gonadectomy. Alternatively, intact ROCK2+/- females showed a striking difference in CBF values compared to intact WT females, where they displayed higher CBF values immediately post-stroke and also showed a maximal CBF drop 48 hours post-stroke, which was not altered by ovariectomy. Overall, there is a marked sex difference in acute CBF responses to PT stroke, which appears to be mediated by endogenous female sex hormones and ROCK2. This study reveals important sex-differences and the involvement of ROCK2 in acute CBF responses to PT stroke in mice.

Significance StatementThere are very few mechanistic investigations on disparities between sexes in post-stroke CBF outcome. Rho-kinase, an important regulator of vascular tone, has only been explored in males in terms of its modulation of CBF following stroke. Both rho-kinase and endogenous female sex hormones have a converging role on the regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), an important modulator of vascular tone. Rho-kinase is thought to elicit its neuroprotective effects against ischemic stroke through eNOS, however this has never been investigated in both sexes. Elucidating the cellular and molecular bases of sex differences in cerebrovascular pathophysiology is vital for understanding the origins of stroke outcomes, and for designing novel therapeutic strategies to promote functional recovery in both women and men.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Raman-Nair, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cron, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McLeod, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lacoste, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.07.511301</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sex-specific acute cerebrovascular response to photothrombotic stroke in mice requires rho-kinase]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.10.511539v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Disturbed trophoblast transition links preeclampsia progression from placenta to the maternal syndrome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.10.511539v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a syndrome that affects multiple organ systems and is the most severe hypertensive disorder in pregnancy. It frequently leads to preterm delivery, maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality and life-long complications1. We currently lack efficient screening tools2, 3 and early therapies4, 5 to address PE. To investigate the early stages of early onset PE, and identify candidate markers and pathways, we performed spatio-temporal multi-omics profiling of human PE placentae and healthy controls and validated targets in early gestation in a longitudinal clinical cohort. We used a single-nuclei RNA-seq approach combined with spatial proteo- and transcriptomics and mechanistic in vitro signalling analyses to bridge the gap from late pregnancy disease to early pregnancy pathomechanisms. We discovered a key disruption in villous trophoblast differentiation, which is driven by the increase of transcriptional coactivator p300, that ultimately ends with a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) of trophoblasts. We found a significant increase in the senescence marker activin A in preeclamptic maternal serum in early gestation, before the development of clinical symptoms, indicating a translation of the placental syndrome to the maternal side. Our work describes a new disease progression, starting with a disturbed transition in villous trophoblast differentiation. Our study identifies potential pathophysiology-relevant biomarkers for the early diagnosis of the disease as well as possible targets for interventions, which would be crucial steps toward protecting the mother and child from gestational mortality and morbidity and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease later in life.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nonn, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Debnath, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valdes, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sallinger, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Secener, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haider, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiesmeyer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nimo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuenzer, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maxian, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knoefler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karau, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartolomaeus, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kroneis, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frolova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neuper, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haase, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kraeker, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kedziora, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forstner, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verlohren, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stern, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coscia, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sugulle, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thilaganathan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eils, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huppertz, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El-Heliebi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Staff, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mueller, D. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dechend, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gauster, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ishaque, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herse, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.10.511539</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Disturbed trophoblast transition links preeclampsia progression from placenta to the maternal syndrome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.18.512735v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inhibition of GCN5 decreases skeletal muscle fat metabolism during high fat diet feeding 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.18.512735v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IntroductionGCN5 (Kat2a) is a lysine acetyl transferase capable of acetylating and inhibiting PGC-1 activity. As such, it is described as a negative regulator of PGC-1 and subsequently restricts mitochondrial content. However, elimination of GCN5 in skeletal muscle does not increase mitochondrial content or alter lipid metabolism under normal metabolic conditions. GCN5 levels increase with high-fat diet (HFD) feeding in rodents. Additionally, the GCN5 homolog, PCAF, has previously been shown to also acetylate and inhibit PGC-1 and therefore may possibly compensate for loss of GCN5.

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to examine if with HFD feeding that elimination of GCN5 (Kat2a gene) from skeletal muscle would elicit improvements in mitochondrial and metabolic markers.

MethodsSkeletal muscle specific GCN5 knockouts (Gcn5 skm-/-) were fed an HFD. Body composition, cardio-metabolic and physical fitness outcomes were monitored. Additionally, cultured myotubes were treated with a pan-GCN5/PCAF inhibitor and examined for changes in mitochondrial markers.

ResultsElimination of skeletal muscle GCN5 did not alter body composition, tissue masses, energy intake, or energy expenditure measurements of mice fed an HFD. Furthermore, whole body glucose homeostasis and cardiac measurements were not altered. There were few differences in lipid metabolism genes, relatively more glucose oxidation versus Gcn5 skm+/+ (wildtype) mice, and a reduction in Pdk4 expression. Exercise capacity and mitochondrial content levels were not altered in Gcn5 skm-/- mice. Further, elimination of GCN5 in skeletal muscle increased Kat2b (PCAF) mRNA expression; however, inhibition of GCN5/PCAF bromodomains in cultured myotubes did not increase oxidative metabolism genes and decreased expression of some mitochondrial genes and Pdk4 mRNA.

ConclusionsNeither elimination of GCN5, nor simultaneous inhibition of GCN5 and its homolog PCAF improved skeletal muscle mitochondrial content under normal or HFD-fed conditions. Despite this, GCN5 may play a role in regulating macronutrient preference by regulating Pdk4 content. Thus, HFD/macronutrient excess revealed novel roles of GCN5 in skeletal muscle.

Highlights- Skeletal muscle specific elimination of Gcn5/Kat2a decreases fat oxidation without 1) preventing high-fat diet induced weight gain, 2) improving whole body glucose handling, or 3) improving skeletal muscle mitochondrial content.
- Inhibition of the GCN5 and PCAF bromodomains and Gcn5 ablation decreases expression of Pdk4.
- Expression of Kat2b increases with Gcn5 elimination in skeletal muscle.
- Inhibition of the GCN5 and PCAF bromodomains do not result in increased skeletal muscle mitochondrial content.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Green, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perras, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katsyuba, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haboush, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nyarko, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pandey, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nik-Akhtar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menzies, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Auwerx, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.18.512735</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inhibition of GCN5 decreases skeletal muscle fat metabolism during high fat diet feeding]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.19.511543v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A highly contiguous genome assembly reveals sources of genomic novelty in the symbiotic fungus Rhizophagus irregularis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.19.511543v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The root systems of most plant species are aided by the soil foraging capacities of symbiotic Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi of the Glomeromycotina subphylum. Despite recent advances in our knowledge of the ecology and molecular biology of this mutualistic symbiosis, our understanding of the AM fungi genome biology is just emerging. Presented here are the most contiguous and highest-quality nuclear and mitochondrial genome assemblies of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus to date, achieved through Nanopore long-read DNA sequencing and Hi-C data. This haploid genome assembly of Rhizophagus irregularis, alongside short- and long-read RNA-Sequencing data, was used to produce a comprehensive annotation catalogue of gene models, repetitive elements, small RNA loci, and DNA cytosine methylome. A phylostratigraphic gene age inference framework revealed that the birth of genes associated with nutrient transporter activity and transmembrane ion transport systems predates the emergence of Glomeromycotina. While symbiotic nutrient cycling in AM fungi relies on genes that existed in ancestor lineages, a burst of Glomeromycotina-restricted genetic innovation is also detected. Analysis of the chromosomal distribution of genetic and epigenetic features highlights evolutionarily young genomic regions that produce abundant small RNAs, suggesting active RNA-based monitoring of genetic sequences surrounding recently evolved genes. This chromosome-scale view of the genome of an AM fungus genome reveals previously unexplored sources of genomic novelty in an organism evolving under an obligate symbiotic life cycle.

HighlightsO_LIAssembly of 32 highly contiguous chromosomal scaffolds for R. irregularis, with 23 complete and gapless
C_LIO_LIGene annotation based on short- and long-read RNA-Seq data from different developmental stages
C_LIO_LIComplete annotation set including mitochondrial genes, DNA methylome, small RNAome, repetitive/transposable elements, functional annotation
C_LIO_LIIdentification of a burst of lineage-restricted genetic innovation in the Glomeromycotina subphylum
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Manley, B. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lotharukpong, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barrera-Redondo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yildirir, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sperschneider, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corradi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paszkowski, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miska, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dallaire, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.19.511543</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A highly contiguous genome assembly reveals sources of genomic novelty in the symbiotic fungus Rhizophagus irregularis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.20.513023v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Characterizing Eastern spruce budworm's large-scale dispersal events through flight behavior and stable isotope analyses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.20.513023v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Eastern spruce budworm moth (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) mass outbreaks have widespread economic and ecological consequences. A key explanation for the large-scale spread and synchronization of these outbreaks is the long-distance dispersal (up to 450km) of moths from hotspots (high-density populations) to lower-density areas. These events have proved difficult to monitor because dispersal flights occur only a few times a year, have no consistent routes, and commonly used tracking methods (e.g., population genetics, mark-recapture, radio telemetry) are inadequate for this system. Distinguishing between local and immigrant individuals is a crucial step in identifying the physical and ecological drivers of moth dispersal. Here we test whether isotopes of hydrogen (i.e., delta notation:{delta} 2H) and strontium (i.e., strontium isotope ratios: 87Sr/86Sr), known to independently vary in space in a predictable manner, can be used to distinguish between local and immigrant adult spruce budworm moths. We used an automated pheromone trap system to collect individuals at six different sites in eastern Canada within and outside the current outbreak area of budworm moths. We first use moth flight behaviour and time of capture, currently the best available tool, to determine putative local vs. immigrant status, and then evaluate whether individual 87Sr/86Sr and{delta} 2H differ between putative classes. At all sites, we detect immigrant individuals that differ significantly from putative locals. Saliently, sites where putative locals were sampled before the occurrence of potential immigration events (~10 days) showed the strongest differences between immigrant individuals and the locals 87Sr/86Sr and{delta} 2H values. Sites where the collection of putative locals was close in time (hours) or following an immigration event had a less-clear distinction between putative immigrants and locals, and showed signs of mixing between these two groups. We speculate that recent immigration could have led to the misclassification of immigrants as putative locals. 87Sr/86Sr and{delta} 2H data generally support the adequacy of current approaches using capture-time to detect immigration events, and provide enhanced resolution to distinguish between local and immigrant individuals. We discuss the broader implication of adding isotopes to the toolkit to monitor spruce budworm dispersal and suggest next steps in implementing these tools.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dargent, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Candau, J.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Studens, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perrault, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reich, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bataille, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.20.513023</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Characterizing Eastern spruce budworm's large-scale dispersal events through flight behavior and stable isotope analyses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.24.513258v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sex-specific effects of voluntary wheel running on behavior and the gut microbiota-immune-brain axis in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.24.513258v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Physical exercise has been positioned as a promising strategy to prevent and/or alleviate anxiety and depression, but the mechanisms underlying its effects on mental health have yet to be entirely determined. Although the prevalence of depression and anxiety in women is about twice that of men, very few studies have examined whether physical exercise could affect mental health differently according to sex. This study examined, in mice, the sex-specific effects of voluntary exercise on body weight, depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors, as well as different markers along the gut microbiota-immune-brain axis. Male and female C57BL/6N mice had voluntary access to running wheels in their home-cages for 24 days or were left undisturbed in identical home-cages without running wheels. Behaviors were then examined in the open field, Splash, elevated plus maze, and tail suspension tests. Gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, microglia activation-related genes, and tight junction proteins was determined in the jejunum and the hippocampus, while microbiota composition and predicted function were verified in cecum contents. Voluntary exercise limited weight gains, reduced anxiety-like behaviors, and altered grooming patterns in males exclusively. Although the exercise intervention resulted in changes to brain inflammatory activity and to cecal microbiota composition and inferred function in both sexes, reductions in the jejunal expression of pro-inflammatory markers were observed in females only. These findings support the view that voluntary exercise, even when performed during a short period, is beneficial for mental and intestinal health and that its sex-specific effects on behavior could be, at least in part, mediated by the gut microbiota-immune-brain axis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Williams, Z. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szyszkowicz, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osborne, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allehyany, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nadon, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Udechukwu, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santos, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Audet, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.24.513258</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sex-specific effects of voluntary wheel running on behavior and the gut microbiota-immune-brain axis in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.28.514245v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GENLIB: new function to simulate haplotype transmission in large complex genealogies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.28.514245v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SummaryFounder populations with deep genealogical data are well suited for investigating genetic variants contributing to diseases. Here, we present a new function added to the genealogical analysis R package GENLIB, which can simulate the transmission of haplotypes from founders to probands along very large and complex user-specified genealogies.

Availability and implementationThe new function is available in the latest version of the GENLIB package (v1.1.6), available on the CRAN repository and from https://github.com/R-GENLIB/GENLIB. Stand-alone scripts for analyzing the output of the function can be accessed at https://github.com/R-GENLIB/simuhaplo_scripts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rakesh, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vezina, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laprise, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freeman, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burkett, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy-Gagnon, M.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.28.514245</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GENLIB: new function to simulate haplotype transmission in large complex genealogies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.28.514259v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comprehensive multi-omics characterization of gut microbiome extracellular vesicles reveals a connection to gut-brain axis signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.28.514259v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbiota-gut-brain axis is an evident pathway of host-microbiota crosstalk that is linked to multiple brain disorders. Microbiota released extracellular vesicles (MEVs) has emerged as a key player in intercellular signaling in host microbiome communications. However, their role in gutbrain axis signaling is poorly investigated. Here, we performed a deep multi-omics profiling of MEVs content generated ex vivo and from stool samples in order to get some insights on their role in gut-brain-axis signaling. Metabolomics profiling identified a wide array of metabolites embedded in MEVs, including lipids, carbohydrates, amino acids, vitamins, and organic acids. Interestingly, many neurotransmitter-related compounds were detected inside MEVs, including arachidonyl-dopamine (NADA), gabapentin, glutamate and N-acylethanolamines. Next, we aimed to identify commensal microbes with psychobiotic activity. We isolated 58 Bacteroides strains assigned to four genera, 11 species, and 4 new species based on 16S rDNA sequencing. We performed whole genome sequencing of 18 representative isolates, followed by a comparative analysis of the structure of polysaccharide utilization loci (PUL) and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), a genetic system involved in GABA production. Quantifying GABA was done using competitive ELISA, wherein three isolates (B. finegoldii, B. faecis, and B. caccae) showed high GABA production (4.5-7 mM range) in supernatant whereas 2.2 to 4 uM GABA concentration was detected inside microvesicles extracted using ultracentrifugation. To test the biodistribution of MEVs from the gut to other parts of the body, CACO-2, RIN-14 B, and hCMEC/D3 cells showed a capacity to internalize labeled MEVs through an endocytic mechanism. Additionally, MEVs exhibited a dose dependent paracellular transport through CACO-2 intestinal cells and hCMEC/D3 brain endothelial cells. In vivo results showed biodistribution of MEVs to liver, stomach and spleen. Overall, our results reveal the capabilities of MEVs to cross the intestinal and blood brain barriers to deliver their cargoes of neuroactive molecules to the brain as a new signaling mechanism in microbiota-gut-brain axis communications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sultan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yousuf, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmed, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bouhlel, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hassan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minic, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mottawea, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hammami, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.28.514259</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comprehensive multi-omics characterization of gut microbiome extracellular vesicles reveals a connection to gut-brain axis signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.02.514901v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metals and metal isotopes in insect wings: Implications for diet, geolocation and pollution exposure 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.02.514901v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Anthropogenic activities are exposing insects to abnormal levels of toxic metals, with unknown implications for migratory insects. Simultaneously, metals and metal isotopes have become promising tools for the geolocation of migratory insects. Furthering our understanding of metal cycling in insect tissues is essential, both for the development of metals and metal isotopes as geolocation tools, and for assessing the toxicity risks of metals to insects. We conducted a diet-switching experiment on monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) with controlled larval and adult diets to evaluate the dietary and environmental sources of 23 metals and metalloids, strontium isotopes, and lead isotopes to insect wing tissues over a period of 8 weeks. Concentrations of Ca, Co, and Sb differed between the sexes. Ni and Zn bioaccumulated in the insect wing tissues over time, likely from the adult diet, while increases in Al, Cr, Cd, Cu, Fe, and Pb were likely from external sources (i.e., dust aerosols). Bioaccumulation of Pb in the monarch wings was confirmed by Pb isotopes to be from external anthropogenic sources, revealing the potential of Pb isotopes to become an indicator and tracer of metal pollution exposure along migratory paths. Concentrations of Ba, Cs, Mg, Na, Rb, Sr, Ti, Tl, and U appeared to be unaffected by dietary or environmental contamination and should be further developed for geolocation purposes. Strontium isotope ratios remained indicative of the larval diet, at least in males, supporting its potential as a geolocation tool. However, the difference in strontium isotope ratios between sexes, as well as the possibility of external contamination by wetting, requires further investigation. Our results demonstrate the complexity of metal cycling in insects and the need for further investigations, as well as the value of studying metals to develop new tools to quantify pollution exposure, metal toxicity and insect mobility.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Reich, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kindra, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dargent, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flockhart, D. T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norris, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kharouba, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Talavera, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bataille, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.02.514901</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metals and metal isotopes in insect wings: Implications for diet, geolocation and pollution exposure]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.04.515196v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nucleolar reorganization after cellular stress is orchestrated by SMN shuttling between nuclear compartments 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.04.515196v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SMA is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disease caused by mutations in the multifunctional protein SMN. Within the nucleus, SMN localizes to Cajal bodies (CBs), which have been shown to be associated with nucleoli, nuclear organelles dedicated to the first steps of ribosome biogenesis. The highly organized structure of the nucleolus can be dynamically altered by genotoxic agents. After genotoxic stress, RNAP1, Fibrillarin (FBL) and nucleolar DNA are exported to the periphery of the nucleolus and once DNA repair is fully completed the organization of the nucleolus is restored. We found that SMN is required for the restoration of the nucleolar structure after genotoxic stress. Unexpectedly, during DNA repair, SMN shuttles from the CBs to the nucleolus. This shuttling is important for nucleolar homeostasis and relies on the presence of Coilin and the activity of PRMT1.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Musawi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donnio, L.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magnani, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Binda, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cote, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lomonte, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mari, P.-O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giglia-Mari, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.04.515196</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nucleolar reorganization after cellular stress is orchestrated by SMN shuttling between nuclear compartments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.04.515228v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pairing Metagenomics and Metaproteomics to Pinpoint Ecological Niches and Metabolic Essentiality of Microbial Communities 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.04.515228v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The genome of a microorganism encodes its potential functions that can be implemented through expressed proteins. It remains elusive how a proteins selective expression depends on its metabolic essentiality to microbial growth or its ability to claim resources as ecological niches. To reveal a proteins metabolic or ecological role, we developed a computational pipeline, which pairs metagenomics and metaproteomics data to quantify each proteins gene-level and protein-level functional redundancy simultaneously. We first illustrated the idea behind the pipeline using simulated data of a consumer-resource model. We then validated it using real data from human and mouse gut microbiome samples. In particular, we analyzed ABC-type transporters and ribosomal proteins, confirming that the metabolic and ecological roles predicted by our pipeline agree well with prior knowledge. Finally, we performed in vitro cultures of a human gut microbiome sample and investigated how oversupplying various sugars involved in ecological niches influences the community structure and protein abundance. The presented results demonstrate the performance of our pipeline in identifying proteins metabolic and ecological roles, as well as its potential to help us design nutrient interventions to modulate the human microbiome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Figeys, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.04.515228</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pairing Metagenomics and Metaproteomics to Pinpoint Ecological Niches and Metabolic Essentiality of Microbial Communities]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.05.515295v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reducing mitochondrial ribosomal gene expression does not alter metabolic health or lifespan in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.05.515295v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Maintaining mitochondrial function is critical to an improved health span and lifespan. Introducing mild stress by inhibiting mitochondrial translation invokes the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) and increases lifespan in several animal models. Notably, lower mitochondrial ribosomal protein (MRP) expression also correlates with increased lifespan in a reference population of mice. In this study, we tested whether partially reducing the expression of a critical MRP, Mrpl54, reduced mitochondrial DNA-encoded protein content, induced the UPRmt, and affected lifespan or metabolic health using germline heterozygous Mrpl54 mice. Despite reduced Mrpl54 expression in multiple organs and a reduction in mitochondrial-encoded protein expression in myoblasts, we identified few significant differences between male or female Mrpl54+/- and wild type mice in initial body composition, respiratory parameters, energy intake and expenditure, or ambulatory motion. We also observed no differences in glucose or insulin tolerance, treadmill endurance, cold tolerance, heart rate, or blood pressure. There were no differences in median life expectancy or maximum lifespan. Overall, we demonstrate that genetic manipulation of Mrpl54 expression reduces mitochondrial-encoded protein content but is not sufficient to improve healthspan in otherwise healthy and unstressed mice.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Reid, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniels, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasam, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamble, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janssens, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Green, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Houtkooper, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menzies, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.05.515295</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reducing mitochondrial ribosomal gene expression does not alter metabolic health or lifespan in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.07.515485v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Discovery of benzophenanthridine derivatives with potent activity against multidrug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.07.515485v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the pathogen responsible for tuberculosis (TB), is the leading cause of bacterial disease-related death worldwide. Current antibiotic regimens for the treatment of TB remain dated and suffer from long treatment times as well as the development of drug-resistance. As such, the search for novel chemical modalities that have selective or potent anti-Mtb properties remains an urgent priority, particularly against multidrug resistant (MDR) Mtb strains. Herein, we design and synthesize 35 novel benzo[c]phenanthridine derivatives (BPD). The two most potent compounds, BPD-6 and BPD-9, accumulated within the bacterial cell and exhibited strong inhibitory activity (MIC90 [~] 2-10 M) against multiple Mycobacterium strains, while remaining inactive against a range of other Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. BPD-6 and BPD-9 were also effective in reducing Mtb viability within infected macrophages. The two BPD compounds displayed comparable efficacy to rifampicin, a critical frontline antibiotic used for the prevention and treatment of TB. Importantly, BPD-6 and BPD-9 inhibited the growth of multiple MDR Mtb clinical isolates, suggesting a completely novel mechanism of action compared to existing frontline TB dugs. The discovery of BPDs provides novel chemical scaffolds for anti-TB drug discovery.

TOC/GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, Y. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lupien, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berton, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behr, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.07.515485</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Discovery of benzophenanthridine derivatives with potent activity against multidrug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.07.515557v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Normalized Semi-Covariance Co-Efficiency Analysis of Spike Proteins from SARS-CoV-2 variant Omicron and Other Coronaviruses for their Infectivity and Virulence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.07.515557v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spectrum-based Mass-Charge modeling is increasingly used in biological analysis. To explain statistical phenomenon with positive and negative fluctuations of amino acid charges in spike protein sequences from Omicron and other coronaviruses, we propose calculation-based Mass-Charge modeling, a normalized derivation algorithm with exact Excel and MATLAB tool involving separate quadrant extension to normalized covariance, which is still compatible with Pearson covariance co-efficiency. The number of amino acids, molecular weight, isoelectric point, amino acid composition, charged residues, mass-charge ratio, hydropathicity of the proteins were taken into consideration in the analyses, and the relative peak and dip of the average with spike protein sequences based on hydrophobic mass to isoelectric charges of amino acids were also examined. The analyses with the algorithm provide more clear insights leading to revealing underline evolving trends of the viral proteins. Spike proteins from SARS-CoV-2 variants, seasonal and murine coronaviruses were taken as representative examples in this study. The analyses demonstrate that the Mass-Charge covariance co-efficiency can distinguish subtle differences between biological properties of spike proteins and correlate well with viral infectivity and virulence.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.07.515557</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Normalized Semi-Covariance Co-Efficiency Analysis of Spike Proteins from SARS-CoV-2 variant Omicron and Other Coronaviruses for their Infectivity and Virulence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.15.516556v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Selective control of synaptic plasticity in heterogeneous networks through transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.15.516556v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) represents a promising non-invasive treatment for an increasingly wide range of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. The ability to use periodically oscillating electric fields to non-invasively engage neural dynamics opens up the possibility of recruiting synaptic plasticity and to modulate brain function. However, despite consistent reports about tACS clinical effectiveness, strong state-dependence combined with the ubiquitous heterogeneity of cortical networks collectively results in high outcome variability. Introducing variations in intrinsic neuronal timescales, we explored how such heterogeneity influences stimulation-induced change in synaptic connectivity. We examined how spike timing dependent plasticity, at the level of cells, intra- and inter-laminar cortical networks, can be selectively and preferentially engaged by periodic stimulation. Using computational simulations informed by human experimental data, we analyzed cortical circuits comprised of multiple cell-types, alongside superficial multi-layered networks expressing distinct layer-specific timescales. Our results show that mismatch in neuronal timescales within and/or between cells - and the resulting variability in excitability, temporal integration properties and frequency tuning - enables selective and directional control on synaptic connectivity by tACS. Our work provides new vistas on how to recruit neural heterogeneity to guide brain plasticity using non-invasive stimulation paradigms.

Author summaryBrain stimulation techniques, such as transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), are increasingly used to treat mental health disorders and to probe brain function. Despite promising results, it remains unclear how these non-invasive interventions impact both the dynamics and connectivity of neural circuits. We developed an interdisciplinary framework showing that heterogeneity in neuronal timescales, and its consequences on cellular excitability and temporal integration properties of cortical neurons, may lead to selective and directional control on synaptic modifications by tACS. Differences in neuron responses resulting from timescale mismatch establishes phase- and frequency-specific tuning relationships which may be recruited by periodic stimuli to guide synaptic plasticity. We confirmed this using both intra - and inter-laminar cortical circuit models comprised of multiple cell-types and informed by experimental data. Our work showcases how heterogeneity might be used to guide synaptic plasticity using non-invasive stimulation paradigms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pariz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trotter, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hutt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lefebvre, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.15.516556</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Selective control of synaptic plasticity in heterogeneous networks through transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.18.517108v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dendritic excitability primarily controls overdispersion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.18.517108v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The brain is an intricate assembly of intercommunicating neurons whose input-output function is only partially understood. The role of active dendrites in shaping spiking responses, in particular, is unclear. Although existing models account for active dendrites and spiking responses, they are too complex to analyze analytically and demand long stochastic simulations. Here we combined cable and renewal theory to describe how input fluctuations shape the response of neuronal ensembles with active dendrites. We found that dendritic input readily and potently controls interspike interval dispersion. This phenomenon can be understood by considering that neurons display three fundamental operating regimes: one mean-driven regime and two fluctuation-driven regimes. We show that these results are expected to appear for a wide range of dendritic properties and verify the predictions of the model in experimental data. These findings have implications for the role of interspike interval dispersion in learning and for theories of attractor states.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Friedenberger, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naud, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.18.517108</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dendritic excitability primarily controls overdispersion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.23.517776v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Neural Correlates of Arousal: The Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus-Global Transient Co-Activation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.23.517776v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Arousal and awareness are two components of consciousness whose the neural mechanisms remain unclear. Spontaneous increases of global (brain-wide) blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) signal has been found to be sensitive to changes in arousal. By contrasting BOLD datasets with altered arousal levels, we found that the activation of ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL) decreased during transient increase in the global signal (top 17% data) in low arousal and awareness states (non-rapid eye movement sleep and anesthesia) as compared to wakefulness, and even in eye-closed (compared with eyes-open) in healthy awake-states, while this activation remained unchanged in patients with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome characterized by high arousal without awareness. These results demonstrate that co-activation of the VPL and global activity is critical to arousal, but not to awareness.

One-Sentence SummaryThe VPL nucleus-global brain transient co-activation is related to physiological arousal but not to perceptual awareness.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Han, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanabe, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fogel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hudetz, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Northoff, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.23.517776</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Neural Correlates of Arousal: The Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus-Global Transient Co-Activation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.10.519916v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Circadian reprogramming of adipose progenitor cells regulates intermittent fasting-mediated adipose tissue remodeling and metabolic improvement 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.10.519916v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
White adipose tissue (WAT) fibrosis is a hallmark of dysfunctional WAT that is directly linked to metabolic abnormalities. Recent studies have highlighted the role of dysfunctional adipose progenitor cells (APCs) in WAT fibrosis and impaired adaptive tissue plasticity, leading to systemic insulin resistance. However, therapeutic options for WAT fibrosis are limited. Intermittent fasting (IF) is an effective dietary regimen for weight control and metabolic improvement through various mechanisms, including healthy remodeling of WAT. However, whether IF is effective in improving age-associated WAT fibrosis and metabolic homeostasis is unknown. Here, we show that IF confers therapeutic benefits in aged and obese mice through reduction of WAT fibrosis. Single-cell analyses revealed that IF significantly reduces pro-fibrotic signatures within APCs along with upregulation of the circadian pathways, suggesting that the circadian clock of APCs mediates IF-induced WAT remodeling. Importantly, mice lacking core circadian gene exhibited increased fibrotic signatures in WAT and diminished beneficial response to IF, further supporting the importance of circadian rhythm in IF-mediated metabolic benefits. Lastly, insulin resistance in humans also presented with dysregulated circadian rhythm signatures in APC populations. Collectively, our findings highlight the novel role of the APC circadian rhythm in plasticity of WAT and metabolic response to IF.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeung, J. L.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pickel, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ealey, K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Togo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, K.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okrainec, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dash, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sung, H.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.10.519916</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Circadian reprogramming of adipose progenitor cells regulates intermittent fasting-mediated adipose tissue remodeling and metabolic improvement]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.24.521682v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reach corrections toward moving targets are faster than reach corrections toward jumping targets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.24.521682v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Visually guided reaching is a common motor behavior that engages subcortical circuits to mediate rapid corrections. These circuits help us successfully grasp objects we see, even if those objects move during the reach. Although these neural mechanisms have evolved for interaction with the physical world, they are almost always studied in the context of reaching toward virtual targets displayed on a computer or projection screen. Virtual targets are unrealistic both because they cannot be physically grasped and because they generally move by "jumping" from one place to another instantaneously. Recent work has indicated that various aspects of "real" visual stimuli, including proximity and graspability, elicit distinct neural activity. In this study, we instructed participants to perform rapid reaches to physical objects. On some trials, these objects either moved realistically (continuously from one position to another) or unrealistically (jumping instantaneously to an equivalent position). Participants were consistently faster in correcting their reach trajectories when the object moved continuously.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Reschechtko, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gnanaseelan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pruszynski, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.24.521682</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reach corrections toward moving targets are faster than reach corrections toward jumping targets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.15.524138v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Resolving the haplotypes of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi highlights the role of two nuclear populations in host interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.15.524138v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are prominent root symbionts with a multinucleate cytoplasm that can carry thousands of nuclei deriving from two parental strains and varying in relative abundance in a large syncytium. Here, we set out to improve our understanding of such remarkable genetics by resolving the nuclear genomes of all publicly available AMF heterokaryons using PacBio HiFi and Hi-C sequencing. We find that all AMF heterokaryons carry two sets of homologous chromosomes, where genes associated with plant colonization reside in gene-sparse, repeat-rich compartments. The co-existing nuclear genomes are phylogenetically related but differ significantly in content and epigenetics, resulting in nucleus-specific regulatory programs during mycorrhizal interactions. AMF heterokaryons carry signatures of past genetic exchange indicative of sexual reproduction, followed by clonal haplotype evolution. This work uncovers the contribution and origin of nuclear genomes present in AMF heterokaryons and opens avenues for improvement and environmental application of these strains.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sperschneider, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yildirir, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malar C, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ariane Mayrand Nicol, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sorwar, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brauer, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bosnich, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corradi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.15.524138</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Resolving the haplotypes of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi highlights the role of two nuclear populations in host interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.19.524698v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TReSR: A PCR-compatible DNA sequence design method for engineering proteins containing tandem repeats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.19.524698v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein tandem repeats (TRs) are motifs comprised of near-identical contiguous sequence duplications. They are found in approximately 14% of all proteins and are implicated in diverse biological functions facilitating both structured and disordered protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions. These functionalities make protein TR domains an attractive component for the modular design of protein constructs. However, the repetitive nature of DNA sequences encoding TR motifs complicates their synthesis and mutagenesis by traditional molecular biology workflows commonly employed by protein engineers and synthetic biologists. To address this challenge, we developed a computational protocol to significantly reduce the complementarity of DNA sequences encoding TRs called TReSR (for Tandem Repeat DNA Sequence Redesign). The utility of TReSR was demonstrated by constructing a novel constitutive repressor synthesized by duplicating the LacI DNA binding domain into a single-chain TR construct by assembly PCR. Repressor function was evaluated by expression of a fluorescent reporter delivered on a single plasmid encoding a three-component genetic circuit. The successful application of TReSR to construct a novel TR-containing repressor with a DNA sequence that is amenable to PCR-based construction and manipulation will enable the incorporation of a wide range of TR-containing proteins for protein engineering and synthetic biology applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Davey, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goto, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.19.524698</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TReSR: A PCR-compatible DNA sequence design method for engineering proteins containing tandem repeats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.24.524609v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Thermoneutral housing does not accelerate metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in male or female mice fed a Western diet 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.24.524609v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveMetabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) represents a growing cause of mortality and morbidity and encompasses a spectrum of liver pathologies. Potential therapeutic targets have been identified and are currently being pre-clinically and clinically tested. However, while dozens of preclinical models have been developed to recapitulate various stages of MAFLD, few achieve fibrosis using an experimental design that mimics human pathogenesis. We sought to clarify whether the combination of thermoneutral (TN) housing and consumption of a classical Western diet (WD) would accelerate the onset of MAFLD and progression in male and female mice.

MethodsMale and female C57Bl/6J mice were fed a nutrient-matched low-fat control or Western diet (41% Kcal from fat, 43% carbohydrate and 0.2% cholesterol; WD) starting at [~]12 wk of age for a further 16 wk. Mice were divided and housed with littermates at either standard temperature (TS; 22{degrees}C) or thermoneutral conditions (TN; [~]29{degrees}C). Mice underwent tests for glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and body composition, as well as intestinal permeability. Following tissue harvest, circulating and liver markers of hepatic disease progression toward steatosis and fibrosis were determined.

ResultsWhile male mice housed at TN and fed a WD were significantly heavier than TS -housed control animals, no other differences in body weight or composition were observed. WD-fed females housed under TN conditions had higher circulating LDL-cholesterol; however, there were no other significant differences between TN and TS -housing in circulating or hepatic lipid levels. While WD-fed TN males had higher ALT levels, no other differences in markers of liver injury or disease progression were observed. Moreover, females housed at TN conditions and fed a WD remained significantly protected against the induction of fibrosis compared to male counterparts. Interestingly, sex-specific differences were observed in markers of glucose and insulin tolerance, where TN housing and WD feeding resulted in hyperglycemia and impaired insulin responsiveness in both sexes, but glucose intolerance only in male mice.

ConclusionsWhile TN housing has been demonstrated to exacerbate high fat-induced hepatic steatosis and inflammation in male and female mice, coupling TN housing with a WD for 16 wk was not sufficient to augment fatty liver progression in male or female mice.

HighlightsO_LIThermoneutral housing and Western diet feeding does not progress to NASH
C_LIO_LIFemale mice are not more susceptible to obesity induced fatty liver under these conditions
C_LIO_LITemperature and diet had sex-specific effects on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity
C_LI



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=184 SRC="FIGDIR/small/524609v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nunes, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, T. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghorbani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Dwyer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trzaskalski, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dergham, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pember, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kilgour, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mulvihill, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fullerton, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.24.524609</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Thermoneutral housing does not accelerate metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in male or female mice fed a Western diet]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.25.525394v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A new mouse model of ATR-X syndrome carrying a common patient mutation exhibits neurological and morphological defects 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.25.525394v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ATRX is a chromatin remodelling ATPase that is involved in transcriptional regulation, DNA damage repair and heterochromatin maintenance. It has been widely studied for its role in ALT-positive cancers, but its role in neurological function remains elusive. Hypomorphic mutations in the X-linked ATRX gene cause a rare form of intellectual disability combined with alpha-thalassemia called ATR-X syndrome in hemizygous males. Patients also have facial dysmorphism, microcephaly, musculoskeletal defects and genital abnormalities. Since complete deletion of ATRX in mice results in early embryonic lethality, the field has largely relied on conditional knockout models to assess the role of ATRX in multiple tissues. Given that null alleles are not found in patients, a more patient-relevant model was needed. Here, we have produced and characterised the first patient mutation knock-in model of ATR-X syndrome, carrying the most common patient mutation, R246C. This is one of a cluster of missense mutations located in the chromatin interaction domain that disrupts its function. The knock-in mice recapitulate several aspects of the patient disorder, including craniofacial defects, microcephaly and impaired neurological function. They provide a powerful model for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying ATR-X syndrome and for testing potential therapeutic strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tillotson, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruston, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Young, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cordova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turcotte-Cardin, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yee, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Visuvanathan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Babbs, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivakine, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sled, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nieman, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Picketts, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Justice, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.25.525394</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A new mouse model of ATR-X syndrome carrying a common patient mutation exhibits neurological and morphological defects]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.30.526246v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Smartwatch-based prediction of single-stride and stride-to-stride gait outcomes using regression-based machine learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.30.526246v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
2.Abstract and key termsSpatiotemporal variability during gait is linked to fall risk and could be monitored using wearable sensors. Although many users prefer wrist-worn sensors, most applications position at other sites. We developed and evaluated an application using a consumer-grade smartwatch inertial measurement unit (IMU). Young adults (N = 41) completed seven-minute conditions of treadmill gait at three different speeds. Single-stride outcomes (stride time, length, width, and speed) and spatiotemporal variability (coefficient of variation of each single-stride outcome) were recorded using an optoelectronic system, while 232 single- and multi-stride IMU metrics were recorded using an Apple Watch Series 5. These metrics were input to train linear, ridge, support vector machine (SVM), random forest, and extreme gradient boosting (xGB) models of each spatiotemporal outcome. We conducted Model x Condition ANOVAs to explore model sensitivity to speed-related responses. xGB models were best for single-stride outcomes (relative mean absolute error [% error]: 7-11%; intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC2,1]: 0.60-0.86) and SVM models were best for spatiotemporal variability (% error: 18-22%; ICC2,1 = 0.47-0.64). Spatiotemporal changes with speed were captured by these models (Condition: p < 0.00625). Results support the feasibility of monitoring multi-stride spatiotemporal parameters using a smartwatch IMU and machine learning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bailey, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mir-Orefice, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uchida, T. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nantel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graham, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.30.526246</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Smartwatch-based prediction of single-stride and stride-to-stride gait outcomes using regression-based machine learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.02.526531v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Aberrant light sensing and motility in the green alga Chlamydomonas priscuii from the ice-covered Antarctic Lake Bonney 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.02.526531v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Antarctic green alga Chlamydomonas priscuii is an obligate psychrophile and an emerging model for photosynthetic adaptation to extreme conditions. Endemic to the ice-covered Lake Bonney, this alga thrives at highly unusual light conditions characterized by very low light irradiance (<15 mol m-2 s-1), a narrow wavelength spectrum enriched in blue light, and an extreme photoperiod. Genome sequencing of C. priscuii exposed an unusually large genome, with hundreds of highly similar gene duplicates and expanded gene families, some of which could be aiding its survival in extreme conditions. In contrast to the described expansion in the genetic repertoire in C. priscuii, here we suggest that the gene family encoding for photoreceptors is reduced when compared to related green algae. This alga also possesses a very small eyespot and exhibits an aberrant phototactic response, compared to the model Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. We also investigated the genome and behaviour of the closely related psychrophilic alga Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-MDV, that is found throughout the photic zone of Lake Bonney and is naturally exposed to higher light levels. Our analyses revealed a photoreceptor gene family and a robust phototactic response similar to those in the model Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. These results suggest that the aberrant phototactic response in C. priscuii is a result of life under extreme shading rather than a common feature of all psychrophilic algae. We discuss the implications of these results on the evolution and survival of shade adapted polar algae.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Poirier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osmers, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilkins, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morgan-Kiss, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cvetkovska, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.02.526531</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Aberrant light sensing and motility in the green alga Chlamydomonas priscuii from the ice-covered Antarctic Lake Bonney]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.05.527200v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Development of a multifunctional toolkit of intrabody-based biosensors recognizing the V5 peptide tag: highlighting applications with G protein-coupled receptors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.05.527200v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ABSTRACT/SUMMARYProtein-protein interactions (PPIs) form the underpinnings of any cellular signaling network. PPIs are highly dynamic processes and often, cell-based assays can be essential for their study as they closely mimic the biological intricacies of cellular environments. Since no sole platform can perform all needed experiments to gain a thoroughly comprehensive understanding into these processes, developing a versatile toolkit is much needed to address this longstanding gap. The use of small peptide tags, such as the V5-tag, has been extensively used in biological and biomedical research, including labeling the C-termini of one of the largest human genome-wide open-reading frame collections. However, these small peptide tags have been primarily used in vitro and lack the in vivo traceability and functionality of larger specialized tags. In this study, we combined structural studies and computer-aided maturation to generate an intracellular nanobody, interacting with the V5-tag. Suitable for assays commonly used to study protein-protein interactions, our nanobody has been applied herein to interrogate G protein-coupled receptor signalling. This novel serviceable intrabody is the cornerstone of a multipurpose intracellular nanobody-based biosensors toolkit, named iBodyV5, which will be available for the scientific community at large.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zeghal, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matte, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venes, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laroche, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarvan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Couture, J.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giguere, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.05.527200</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Development of a multifunctional toolkit of intrabody-based biosensors recognizing the V5 peptide tag: highlighting applications with G protein-coupled receptors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.19.529141v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Predicting vertical and shear ground reaction forces during walking and jogging using wearable plantar pressure insoles 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.19.529141v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe development of plantar pressure insoles has made them a potential replacement for force plates. These wearable devices can measure multiple steps and might be used outside of the lab environment for rehabilitation and evaluation of sport performance. However, they can only measure the normal force which does not completely represent the vertical ground reaction force (GRF). In addition, they are not able to measure shear forces which play an import role in the dynamic performance of individuals. Indirect approaches might be implemented to improve the accuracy of the force estimated by plantar pressure systems.

Research questionThe aim of this study was to predict the vertical and shear components of ground reaction force from plantar pressure data using recurrent neural networks.

MethodsGRF and plantar pressure data were collected from sixteen healthy individuals during 10 trials of walking and five trials of jogging using Bertec force plates and FScan plantar pressure insoles. A long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network was built to consider the time dependency of pressure and force data in predictions. The data were split into three subsets of train, to train the LSTM model, evaluate, to optimize the model hyperparameters, and test sets, to assess the accuracy of the model predictions.

ResultsThe results of this study showed that our LSTM model could accurately predict the shear and vertical GRF components during walking and jogging. The predictions were more accurate during walking compared to jogging. In addition, the predictions of mediolateral force had higher error and lower correlation compared to vertical and anteroposterior components.

SignificanceThe LSTM model developed in this study may be an acceptable option for accurate estimation of GRF during outdoor activities which can have significant impacts in rehabilitation, sport performance, and gaming.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hajizadeh, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clouthier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kendall, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graham, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.19.529141</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Predicting vertical and shear ground reaction forces during walking and jogging using wearable plantar pressure insoles]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.22.529418v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Error-corrected Duplex Sequencing enables direct detection and quantification of mutations in human TK6 cells with remarkable inter-laboratory consistency 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.22.529418v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Error-corrected Duplex Sequencing (DuplexSeq) enables direct quantification of low-frequency mutations and offers tremendous potential for chemical mutagenicity assessment. We investigated the utility of DuplexSeq to quantify induced mutation frequency (MF) and spectrum in human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells exposed to a prototypical DNA alkylating agent, N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU). Furthermore, we explored appropriate experimental parameters for this application, and assessed inter-laboratory reproducibility. In two independent experiments in two laboratories, TK6 cells were exposed to ENU (25-200 {micro}M) and DNA was sequenced 48, 72, and 96 h post-exposure. A DuplexSeq mutagenicity panel targeting twenty 2.4-kb regions distributed across the genome was used to sample diverse, genome-representative sequence contexts. A robust increase in MF that was unaffected by time was observed in both laboratories. Concentration-response in the MF from the two laboratories was strongly positively correlated (R2=0.95). C:G>T:A, T:A>C:G, T:A>A:T, and T:A>G:C mutations increased in consistent, concentration-dependent manners in both laboratories, with high proportions of C:G>T:A at all time points. The target sites responded similarly between the two laboratories and revealed a higher average MF in intergenic regions. These results, demonstrating remarkable reproducibility across time and laboratory for both MF and spectrum, support the high value of DuplexSeq for characterizing chemical mutagenicity in both research and regulatory evaluation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cho, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swartz, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivas, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Recio, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Witt, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yaplee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lo, F. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valentine, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salk, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marchetti, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith-Roe, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yauk, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.22.529418</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Error-corrected Duplex Sequencing enables direct detection and quantification of mutations in human TK6 cells with remarkable inter-laboratory consistency]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.23.529667v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Food availability early in life impacts among and within individual variation in behaviour 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.23.529667v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
O_LIThe availability of food during early life has been proposed as a key proximate mechanism for the development of variation in behaviour among and within individuals.
C_LIO_LIIndividuals can vary amongst each other in their personality, plasticity and predictability and if an individuals behaviour is correlated across contexts this can lead to behavioural, plasticity and predictability syndromes.
C_LIO_LIIn this study, we used a split brood design to raise African clawed frog tadpoles (Xenopus laevis) on a high or low diet in food availability and measured the distance they swam in a familiar and unfamiliar context eight times during their development.
C_LIO_LIIn a familiar context, we found that there was an increase in among individual variance in plasticity and predictability in the high food treatment. This shows that when resources are not restricted, individuals are not constrained in the expression of their behaviour at certain phenotypic levels.
C_LIO_LIIn an unfamiliar context, we found a different response, with an increase in individual variance in personality in the low but not the high feed tadpoles. As unfamiliar contexts may be riskier, our results highlight that individuals receiving less food may take greater foraging risks in novel contexts.
C_LIO_LIAcross contexts, we found a predictability syndrome in the high but not the low feed tadpoles, highlighting that cross-context behaviours can become decoupled in some developmental conditions but remain intact in others.
C_LIO_LITogether our findings show that early life conditions contribute to among individual variation in behaviour but that these may only impact the phenotype at specific phenotypic levels and are context specific.
C_LIO_LIWe emphasise that having a fundamental understanding of how early development may promote or constrain individual variation can provide a greater understanding of how individuals and populations may respond to novel conditions brought about by anthropogenic activity.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Beyts, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colegrave, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walsh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.23.529667</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Food availability early in life impacts among and within individual variation in behaviour]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.23.529719v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Duplex Sequencing Provides Detailed Characterization of Mutation Frequencies and Spectra in the Bone Marrow of MutaMouse Males Exposed to Procarbazine Hydrochloride 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.23.529719v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mutagenicity testing is an essential component of health safety assessment. Duplex Sequencing (DS), an emerging high-accuracy DNA sequencing technology, may provide substantial advantages over conventional mutagenicity assays. DS could be used to eliminate reliance on standalone reporter assays and provide mechanistic information alongside mutation frequency (MF) data. However, the performance of DS must be thoroughly assessed before it can be routinely implemented for standard testing. We used DS to study spontaneous and procarbazine (PRC)-induced mutations in the bone marrow (BM) of MutaMouse males across a panel of 20 diverse genomic targets. Mice were exposed to 0, 6.25, 12.5, or 25 mg/kg-bw/day for 28 days by oral gavage and BM sampled 42 days post-exposure. Results were compared with those obtained using the conventional lacZ viral plaque assay on the same samples. DS detected significant increases in mutation frequencies and changes to mutation spectra at all PRC doses. Low intra-group variability within DS samples allowed for detection of increases at lower doses than the lacZ assay. While the lacZ assay initially yielded a higher fold-change in mutant frequency than DS, inclusion of clonal mutations in DS mutation frequencies reduced this discrepancy. Power analyses suggested that three animals per dose group and 500 million duplex base pairs per sample is sufficient to detect a 1.5-fold increase in mutations with >80% power. Overall, we demonstrate several advantages of DS over classical mutagenicity assays and provide data to support efforts to identify optimal study designs for the application of DS as a regulatory test.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dodge, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LeBlanc, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lo, F. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valentine, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salk, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yauk, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marchetti, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.23.529719</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Duplex Sequencing Provides Detailed Characterization of Mutation Frequencies and Spectra in the Bone Marrow of MutaMouse Males Exposed to Procarbazine Hydrochloride]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.24.529750v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comprehensive interrogation of human skeletal muscle reveals a dissociation between insulin resistance and mitochondrial capacity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.24.529750v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aims/HypothesisInsulin resistance and blunted mitochondrial capacity in skeletal muscle are often synonymous; however, this association remains controversial. The aim of this study was to perform an in-depth multi-factorial comparison of skeletal muscle mitochondrial capacity between individuals who were lean and active (Active), individuals with obesity (Obese) and individuals with Obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D).

MethodsSkeletal muscle biopsies were obtained from the Vastus Lateralis of individuals who were lean and active (Active- n = 9), individuals with obesity (Obese- n = 9) and individuals with obesity insulin resistance and T2D (T2D- n =22) in this cross-sectional design. Mitochondrial capacity was assessed by ex vivo mitochondrial respiration with fatty-acid and glycolytic supported protocols adjusted for mitochondrial content (mtDNA and citrate synthase activity). Supercomplex assembly was measured by BN-PAGE and immunoblot. TCA cycle intermediates were assessed with targeted metabolomics. Exploratory transcriptomics and DNA methylation analyses were performed to uncover molecular differences affecting mitochondrial function among the three groups.

ResultsActive had greater mitochondrial capacity compared to both Obese and T2D for ex vivo mitochondrial respiration with fatty-acid and glycolytic supported protocols adjusted for mitochondrial content (P < 0.05). Complex IV supercomplex assembley was greater in Active compared to Obese and T2D (P < 0.05) whereas Complex I and III supercomplex assembly was greater in Active compared to T2D only (P < 0.05). TCA cycle intermediates; citrate, succinate, fumarate and malate were all significantly greater in Active compared to Obese and T2D (P < 0.05). Strikingly, Obese and T2D do not differ in any of the skeletal muscle mitochondrial measurements. Active had an upregulation of genes related to respiration/mitochondrial capacity compared to both Obese and T2D. Transcriptional differences between Obese and T2D were not driven by mitochondrial related process. Active had reduced methylation correlated with increased gene expression for important mitochondrial-related genes, including ATP5PD and MFN2.

Conclusions/InterpretationsWe reveal no discernable differences in skeletal muscle mitochondrial content, mitochondrial capacity and mitochondrial molecular profiles between obese individuals with and without T2D that had comparable levels of confounding factors (BMI, age, aerobic capacity) that affect mitochondrial capacity. We highlight that lean, active individuals have enhanced skeletal muscle mitochondrial capacity that is also reflected at the level of DNA methylation and gene transcription. The collective observation of comparable muscle mitochondrial capacity in individuals with obesity and T2D (vs. individuals without T2D) underscores a dissociation from skeletal muscle insulin resistance.

Clinical trial numberNCT0191110
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Whytock, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pino, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Carvalho, F. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, R. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vega, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parmar, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Divoux, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kapoor, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cornnell, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patten, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harper, M.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gardell, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walsh, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sparks, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.24.529750</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comprehensive interrogation of human skeletal muscle reveals a dissociation between insulin resistance and mitochondrial capacity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.24.529984v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mice can learn a cognitive map based on a stable start location and self-motion signals 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.24.529984v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Animals navigate by learning the spatial layout of their environment. We investigated spatial learning of mice in an open maze where food was hidden in one of a hundred holes. Mice leaving from a stable entrance learned to efficiently navigate to the food without the need for landmarks. We developed a quantitative framework to reveal how the mice estimate the food location based on analyses of trajectories and active hole checks. After learning, the computed "target estimation vector" (TEV) closely approximated the mices route and its hole check distribution. The TEV required learning both the direction and distance of the start to food vector, and our data suggests that different learning dynamics underlie these estimates. We propose that the TEV can be precisely connected to the properties of hippocampal place cells. Finally, we provide the first demonstration that, after learning the location of two food sites, the mice took a shortcut between the sites, demonstrating that they had generated a cognitive map.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Girardi-Schappo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beique, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Longtin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maler, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.24.529984</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mice can learn a cognitive map based on a stable start location and self-motion signals]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.09.531888v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparative analysis of syngeneic mouse models of high-grade serous ovarian cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.09.531888v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ovarian cancers often exhibit high rates of recurrence and poor treatment response. Preclinical models that recapitulate the heterogeneity of human disease are critical to develop new therapeutic approaches. While patient-derived models are a powerful tool for testing various therapeutics, their dependence on immune-compromised mice is severely limiting. Syngeneic mouse models, however, allow for the generation of tumours comprising the full repertoire of non-malignant cell types. Here we have performed a comparative analysis of diverse models of high-grade serous ovarian cancer based on transcriptomic profiling of 22 cell line models, and intrabursal and intraperitoneal tumours from 12 models. Among cell lines, we identify distinct features in signalling activity, such as elevated inflammatory signalling in STOSE and OVE16 models, and MAPK/ERK signalling in ID8 and OVE4 models; metabolic features, such as predicted reduction in glycolysis associated with subsets of engineered ID8 subclones; and relevant functional properties, including differences in EMT activation, PD-L1 and MHC class I expression, and predicted chemosensitivity. Finally, we evaluate variability in properties of the tumour microenvironment among models. We anticipate that this work will serve as a valuable resource, providing new insight to help in the selection of models for specific experimental objectives.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cook, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galpin, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shakfa, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson-Sanchez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pereira, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matuszewska, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haagsma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murshed, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cudmore, A. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacDonald, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tone, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shepherd, T. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petrik, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koti, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vanderhyden, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.09.531888</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparative analysis of syngeneic mouse models of high-grade serous ovarian cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.17.532992v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BCL7 proteins, metazoan-specific subunits of the mammalian SWI/SNF complex, bind the nucleosome core particle 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.17.532992v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BCL7 proteins are among the most recently identified subunits of the mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complex and are absent from the unicellular version of the complex. Mutations in BCL7 proteins are associated with different kind of cancers including blood malignancies. The information on the molecular function and on the structure of BCL7 proteins is to date very limited. Here we report that BCL7 proteins directly bind the nucleosome core particle (NCP) and free DNA with high affinity. We demonstrate that BCL7 proteins form defined complexes with the NCP and we identify the conserved N-terminal part of BCL7 proteins as sufficient to nucleosome binding. We further characterize the impact of BCL7 protein mutations reported in cancer patients on NCP binding and show that the R11S driver mutation reduces the affinity for the nucleosome. Our findings clarify the molecular function of BCL7 proteins and help rationalize the impact of cancer-associated mutations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Diaz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kazrani, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lafouge, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siebert, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Birck, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blais, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergamin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.17.532992</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BCL7 proteins, metazoan-specific subunits of the mammalian SWI/SNF complex, bind the nucleosome core particle]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.03.534570v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SKA2 regulated hyperactive secretory autophagy drives neuroinflammation-induced neurodegeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.03.534570v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
High levels of proinflammatory cytokines induce neurotoxicity and catalyze inflammation-driven neurodegeneration, but the specific release mechanisms from microglia remain elusive. We demonstrate that secretory autophagy (SA), a non-lytic modality of autophagy for secretion of vesicular cargo, regulates neuroinflammation-mediated neurodegeneration via SKA2 and FKBP5 signaling. SKA2 inhibits SA-dependent IL-1{beta} release by counteracting FKBP5 function. Hippocampal Ska2 knockdown in mice hyperactivates SA resulting in neuroinflammation, subsequent neurodegeneration and complete hippocampal atrophy within six weeks. The hyperactivation of SA increases IL-1{beta} release, initiating an inflammatory feed-forward vicious cycle including NLRP3-inflammasome activation and Gasdermin D (GSDMD)-mediated neurotoxicity, which ultimately drives neurodegeneration. Results from protein expression and co-immunoprecipitation analyses of postmortem brains demonstrate that SA is hyperactivated in Alzheimers disease. Overall, our findings suggest that SKA2-regulated, hyperactive SA facilitates neuroinflammation and is linked to Alzheimers disease, providing new mechanistic insight into the biology of neuroinflammation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hartmann, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bajaj, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Otten, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klengel, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gellner, A.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Junglas, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hafner, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderzhanova, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Missig, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rexrode, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poehlmann, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heinz, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lardenoije, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dedic, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCullough, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prochnicki, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rhomberg, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinelli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payton, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Latz, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlezon, W. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murgatroyd, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berretta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klengel, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pantazopoulos, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ressler, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gassen, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.03.534570</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SKA2 regulated hyperactive secretory autophagy drives neuroinflammation-induced neurodegeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.05.535734v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Second-order Citations in Altmetrics: A Case Study Analyzing the Audiences of COVID-19 Research in the News and on Social Media 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.05.535734v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The potential to capture the societal impact of research has been a driving motivation for the use and development of altmetrics. Yet, to date, altmetrics have largely failed to deliver on this potential because the primary audience who cites research on social media has been shown to be academics themselves. In response, our study investigates an extension of traditional altmetric approaches that goes beyond capturing direct mentions of research on social media. Using research articles from the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic as a case study, we demonstrate the value of measuring  second-order citations, or social media mentions of news coverage of research. We find that a sample of these citations, published by just five media outlets, were shared and engaged with on social media twice as much as the research articles themselves. Moreover, first-order and second-order citations circulated among Twitter accounts and Facebook accounts that were largely distinct from each other. The differences in audiences and engagement patterns found in this case study highlight the importance of news coverage as a public source of science information and provide strong evidence that investigating these second-order citations can be an effective way of observing non-academic audiences that engage with research content.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alperin, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fleerackers, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riedlinger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haustein, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.05.535734</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Second-order Citations in Altmetrics: A Case Study Analyzing the Audiences of COVID-19 Research in the News and on Social Media]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.10.536149v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ionic polyphosphorylation of histidine repeat proteins by inorganic polyphosphate 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.10.536149v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is a linear polymer of orthophosphate that is present in nearly all organisms studied to date. A remarkable function of polyP involves its attachment to lysine residues via non-enzymatic post-translational modification (PTM) that is presumed to be covalent. Here, we show that proteins containing tracts of consecutive histidine residues exhibit a similar modification by polyP, which confers an electrophoretic mobility shift on NuPAGE gels. Our screen uncovered 30 human and yeast histidine repeat proteins that are specifically modified by polyP. This polyP modification is histidine-dependent and non-covalent in nature, though remarkably, it withstands harsh denaturing conditions--a hallmark of covalent PTMs. We have termed this interaction ionic histidine polyphosphorylation (iH-PPn) to describe its unique PTM-like properties. Importantly, we show that iH-PPn disrupts phase separation and phosphorylation activity of the human protein kinase DYRK1A, and inhibits the activity of the transcription factor MafB, highlighting iH-PPn as a potential hitherto unrecognized regulatory mechanism.



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/536149v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Neville, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lehotsky, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klupt, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Denoncourt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Downey, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.10.536149</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ionic polyphosphorylation of histidine repeat proteins by inorganic polyphosphate]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.10.540205v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Nedd4L Acts as a Checkpoint Against Activation in Quiescent Muscle Stem Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.10.540205v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Adult stem cells play a critical role in tissue repair and maintenance. In tissues with slow turnover, including skeletal muscle, these cells are maintained in a mitotically quiescent state yet remain poised to re-enter the cell cycle to replenish themselves and regenerate the tissue. Using a multiomics approach we identify the PAX7/NEDD4L axis as a checkpoint against muscle stem cell activation in homeostatic skeletal muscle. Our findings demonstrate that PAX7 transcriptionally activates the E3 ubiquitin ligase Nedd4L and that the conditional genetic deletion of Nedd4L impairs muscle stem cell quiescence, with an upregulation of cell cycle and myogenic differentiation genes. Loss of Nedd4L in muscle stem cells results in the expression of DCX which is only expressed during their in vivo activation. Together, this data establishes that the ubiquitin proteasome system, mediated by Nedd4L, is a key regulator of the muscle stem cell quiescent state in non-injured skeletal muscle.

Highlights- General inhibition of the ubiquitin proteasome system with MG132 results in muscle stem cells (MuSCs) breaking quiescence.
- The E3 ubiquitin ligase Nedd4L is a transcriptional target of Pax7.
- The Pax7/Nedd4l axis restricts MuSC activation in homeostatic skeletal muscle.
- Genetic deletion of Nedd4L induces MuSCs transition towards activation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Blackburn, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahinyan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernnandez Corchado, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lazure, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richard, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raco, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zahedi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borchers, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lepper, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kawabe, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahani-asl, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Najafabadi, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soleimani, V. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.10.540205</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Nedd4L Acts as a Checkpoint Against Activation in Quiescent Muscle Stem Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.15.540793v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Combining Bacteriophage and Vancomycin is Efficacious Against MRSA biofilm-like Aggregates Formed in Synovial Fluid 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.15.540793v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundBiofilm formation is a major clinical challenge contributing to treatment failure of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Lytic bacteriophages (phages) can target biofilm associated bacteria at localized sites of infection. The aim of this study is to investigate whether combination therapy of phage and vancomycin is capable of clearing Staphylococcus aureus biofilm-like aggregates formed in human synovial fluid.

MethodsIn this study, S. aureus BP043, a PJI clinical isolate was utilized. This strain is a methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) biofilm-former. Phage Remus, known to infect S. aureus, was selected for the treatment protocol. BP043 was grown as aggregates in human synovial fluid. The characterization of S. aureus aggregates was assessed for structure and size using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and flow cytometry, respectively. Moreover, the formed aggregates were subsequently treated in vitro with: a) phage Remus ([~]108 plaque-forming units (PFU)/mL), b) vancomycin (500 {micro}g/mL), or c) phage Remus ([~]108 PFU/mL) followed by vancomycin (500 {micro}g/mL), for 48 hours. Bacterial survival was quantified by enumeration (colony-forming units (CFU)/ mL). The efficacy of phage and vancomycin against BP043 aggregates was assessed in vivo as individual treatments and in combination. The in vivo model utilized Galleria mellonella larvae which were infected with BP043 aggregates pre-formed in synovial fluid.

ResultsSEM images and flow cytometry data demonstrated the ability of human synovial fluid to promote formation of S. aureus aggregates. Treatment with Remus resulted in significant reduction in viable S. aureus residing within the synovial fluid aggregates compared to the aggregates that did not receive Remus (p < 0.0001). Remus was more efficient in eliminating viable bacteria within the aggregates compared to vancomycin (p < 0.0001). Combination treatment of Remus followed by vancomycin was more efficacious in reducing bacterial load compared to using either Remus or vancomycin alone (p = 0.0023, p < 0.0001, respectively). When tested in vivo, this combination treatment also resulted in the highest survival rate (37%) 96 hours post-treatment, compared to untreated larvae (3%; p < 0.0001).

ConclusionWe demonstrate that combining phage Remus and vancomycin led to synergistic interaction against MRSA biofilm-like aggregates in vitro and in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Taha, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnaud, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Theriault, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lightly, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cook, B. W. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdelbary, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.15.540793</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Combining Bacteriophage and Vancomycin is Efficacious Against MRSA biofilm-like Aggregates Formed in Synovial Fluid]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.23.541863v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
sncRNAP: Prediction and profiling of full sncRNA repertoires from sRNAseq data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.23.541863v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationNon-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which include long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs), have been shown to play essential roles in various biological processes. Over the past few years, a group of sncRNA identification tools have been developed but none has shown the capacity to fully profile and accurately identify those that are differentially expressed in control vs treated samples. Therefore, a tool that fully profiles and identifies differentially expressed sncRNAs in group comparisons is required.

ResultsWe developed sncRNAP, a Nextflow pipeline for the profiling and identification of differentially abundant sncRNAs from sRNAseq datasets. sncRNAP primary use case is the comparison of multiple small RNA-seq datasets belonging to two conditions such as the comparison of treatment (T) and control (C) cohorts. sncRNAP can be used to analyze human, mouse, and rat datasets. The pipeline carries out all the steps required to assess raw sequencing data, performs differential gene expression (DE) analysis, profiles sncRNAs in each sample, and outputs TXT, PDF, CSV, and interactive HTML files for the quality score and the top identified sncRNA candidates. We verified sncRNAP on publicly available sRNAseq datasets in chronic hepatitis-infected liver tissue and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) datasets. Our results support the identification of Val[C/A]AC in hepatitis patients and miR135b in PDAC as potential disease biomarkers. Furthermore, we applied sncRNAP on mouse samples from control and Opa1 mouse mutants and identified AspGTC, ValAAC, SerTGA, and AspGTC as the top DE tsRNAs. In addition, sncRNAP identified mmu-miR-136-5p, mmu-miR-10b-5p, mmu-miR-351-5p, and mmu-miR-6390 as the top DE miRNA candidates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gibriel, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>baindoor, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slack, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prehn, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.23.541863</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[sncRNAP: Prediction and profiling of full sncRNA repertoires from sRNAseq data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.23.541971v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional Subtypes of Synaptic Dynamics in Mouse and Human 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.23.541971v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Synapses show preferential responses to particular temporal patterns of activity. Across individual synapses, there is a large degree of response heterogeneity that is informally or tacitly separated into classes, and typically only two: facilitating and depressing short-term plasticity. Here we combined a kernel-based model and machine learning techniques to infer the number and the characteristics of functionally distinct subtypes of short-term synaptic dynamics in a large dataset of glutamatergic cortical connections. To this end, we took two independent approaches. First, we used unsupervised techniques to group similar synapses into clusters. Second, we used supervised prediction of cell subclasses to reveal features of synaptic dynamics that characterized cellular genetic profiles. In rodent data, we found five clusters with a remarkable degree of convergence with the transgenic-associated subtypes. Two of these clusters corresponded to different degrees of facilitation, two corresponded to depression with different degrees of variability and one corresponded to depression-then-facilitation. Strikingly, the application of the same clustering method in human data inferred highly similar clusters to those observed in rodents, supportive of a stable clustering procedure and suggesting a homology of functional subtypes across species. This nuanced dictionary of functional subtypes shapes the heterogeneity of cortical synaptic dynamics and provides a lens into the basic motifs of information transmission in the brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Beninger, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rossbroich, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toth, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naud, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.23.541971</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional Subtypes of Synaptic Dynamics in Mouse and Human]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.28.542441v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The histone lysine demethylase KDM5C fine-tunes gene expression to regulate dendritic cell heterogeneity and function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.28.542441v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The functional and phenotypic heterogeneity of dendritic cells (DCs) plays a crucial role in facilitating the development of diverse immune responses that are essential for providing host protection. We found that KDM5C, a histone lysine demethylase of the KDM5 family regulates several aspects of conventional DC (cDC) and plasmacytoid DC (pDC) population heterogeneity and function. Using mice conditionally deficient in KDM5C in DCs, we found that loss of KDM5C results in an increase in Ly6C- pDCs compared to Ly6C+ pDCs. We found that Ly6C- pDCs, compared to Ly6C+ pDCs, have increased expression of cell cycle genes, decreased expression of activation markers and limited ability to produce type I interferon (IFN). Both KDM5C-deficient Ly6C- and Ly6C+ pDCs have increased expression of activation markers, however, are dysfunctional and have limited ability to produce type I IFN. For conventional cDCs, KDM5C deficiency resulted in increased proportions of cDC2Bs (CLEC12A+, ESAM-) and cDC1s, which was partly dependent on type I IFN and pDCs. Using ATAC-seq, RNA-seq, and CUT&RUN for histone marks, we found that KDM5C regulates epigenetic programming of cDC1. In the absence of KDM5C, we found an increased expression of inflammatory markers, consistent with our previous results in bone marrow-derived DCs. However, we also found a decrease in mitochondrial metabolism genes and altered expression of cDC lineage-specific genes. In response to Listeria infection, KDM5C-conditionally deficient mice mounted reduced CD8+ T cell responses, indicating that KDM5C expression in DCs is necessary for their function. Thus, KDM5C is a key regulator of DC heterogeneity by modulating the balance of DC subsets and serves as a critical driver of the epigenetic programming and functional properties of DCs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guak, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiland, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>VanderArk, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lau, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mabvakure, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corrado, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Compton, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeCamp, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nowinski, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krawczyk, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.28.542441</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The histone lysine demethylase KDM5C fine-tunes gene expression to regulate dendritic cell heterogeneity and function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.30.542914v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Wnt binding to Coatomer proteins directs secretion on exosomes independently of palmitoylation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.30.542914v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Wnt proteins are secreted hydrophobic glycoproteins that act over long distances through poorly understood mechanisms. We discovered that Wnt7a is secreted on extracellular vesicles (EVs) following muscle injury. Structural analysis identified the motif responsible for Wnt7a secretion on EVs that we term the Exosome Binding Peptide (EBP). Addition of the EBP to an unrelated protein directed secretion on EVs. Disruption of palmitoylation, knockdown of WLS, or deletion of the N-terminal signal peptide did not affect Wnt7a secretion on purified EVs. Bio-ID analysis identified Coatomer proteins as candidates responsible for loading Wnt7a onto EVs. The crystal structure of EBP bound to the COPB2 coatomer subunit, the binding thermodynamics, and mutagenesis experiments, together demonstrate that a dilysine motif in the EBP mediates binding to COPB2. Other Wnts contain functionally analogous structural motifs. Mutation of the EBP results in a significant impairment in the ability of Wnt7a to stimulate regeneration, indicating that secretion of Wnt7a on exosomes is critical for normal regeneration in vivo. Our studies have defined the structural mechanism that mediates binding of Wnt7a to exosomes and elucidated the singularity of long-range Wnt signalling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gurriaran-Rodriguez, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Datzkiw, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Radusky, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esper, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ming, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisher, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rojas, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Repentigny, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kothary, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rojas, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serrano, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hierro, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rudnicki, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.30.542914</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Wnt binding to Coatomer proteins directs secretion on exosomes independently of palmitoylation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.12.544629v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of signalling pathways involved in gill regeneration in zebrafish 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.12.544629v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The occurrence of regeneration of the organs involved in respiratory gas exchange amongst vertebrates is heterogeneous. In aquatic animals, such as amphibians and fishes, the gills regenerate completely following resection or amputation; whereas in mammals, only partial, facultative regeneration of lung tissue occurs following injury. Given the homology between gills and lungs, the capacity of gill regeneration in aquatic species is of major interest in determining the underlying molecular or signalling pathways involved in respiratory organ regeneration. In the present study, we used adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) to characterize signalling pathways involved in the early stages of gill regeneration. Regeneration of the gills, including the gas exchange surfaces, was induced by resection of the gill filaments and observed over a period of up to 10 days. We screened for the effects of the drugs, SU5402, dorsomorphin, and LY411575, which inhibit FGF, BMP or Notch signalling, respectively, on development of the blastema. Exposure to each drug for 5 days significantly reduced blastema formation in regenerates, compared to unresected controls. In separate experiments, and under normal conditions of regeneration, we used quantitative real-time PCR and observed an increased expression of genes encoding for the bone morphogenetic factor, Bmp2b, fibroblast growth factor, Fgf8a, a transcriptional regulator (Her6) involved in Notch signalling, and Sonic Hedgehog (Shha), in regenerating gills at 10 day post-resection, compared to unresected controls. In situ hybridization confirmed that all four genes were expressed in regenerating gill tissue. This study implicates BMP, FGF, Notch and Shh signalling in gill regeneration in zebrafish.

SUMMARY STATEMENTGill regeneration in zebrafish is mediated by multiple signalling pathways, including BMP, FGF, Notch and Sonic Hedgehog.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cadiz, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reed, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akimenko, M.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jonz, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.12.544629</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of signalling pathways involved in gill regeneration in zebrafish]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.23.546123v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PINK1 Deficiency Alters Muscle Stem Cell Fate Decision And Muscle Regenerative Capacity. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.23.546123v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Maintenance of optimal mitochondrial function plays a crucial role in the regulation of muscle stem cell (MuSC) behavior, but the underlying maintenance mechanisms remain ill defined. In this study, we explored the importance of mitophagy, as a mitochondrial quality control regulator, in MuSCs and the role this process plays in maintaining optimal muscle regenerative capacity. Here we show that MuSCs exhibit dynamic alterations in mitophagy under different physiological myogenic states. In particular, quiescent MuSCs exhibit high levels of PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy, which is rapidly decreased upon transition to an early activation state. Genetic disruption of this pathway using Pink1 knockout mice reduced mitophagy in quiescent MuSCs, which was accompanied by increased mitochondrial ROS release and mitochondrial network fragmentation. These abnormalities led to hampered self-renewal of MuSCs which ultimately translated in a progressive loss of muscle regeneration following repetitive injury. However, proliferation and differentiation capacity were unaltered in the absence of PINK1, indicating that altered fate decisions is the main mechanism underlying impaired muscle regeneration. Impaired fate decisions in PINK1 deficient MuSCs could be restored by scavenging excess mitochondrial ROS. Together, these data shed new light on the regulation of mitophagy during MuSC state transitions and position the PINK1-dependent pathway as an important regulator of MuSC mitochondrial properties and fate decisions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cairns, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thumiah-Mootoo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abbasi, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Racine, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lariovov, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prola, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khacho, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burelle, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.23.546123</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PINK1 Deficiency Alters Muscle Stem Cell Fate Decision And Muscle Regenerative Capacity.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.29.546350v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cardiology researchers' practices and perceived barriers related to open science: an international cross-sectional survey 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.29.546350v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundOpen science is a movement and set of practices to conduct research more transparently. Implementing open science will significantly improve public access and supports equity. It also has the potential to foster innovation and reduce duplication through data and materials sharing. Here, we survey an international group of researchers publishing in cardiovascular journals regarding their perceptions and practices related to open science.

MethodsWe identified the top 100 "Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine" subject category journals from the SCImago journal ranking platform. This is a publicly available portal that draws from Scopus. We then extracted the corresponding authors name and e-mail from all articles published in these journals between March 1, 2021 - March 1, 2022. Participants were sent a purpose-built survey about open science. The survey contained primarily multiple choice and scale-based questions for which we report count data and percentages. For the few text-based responses we conducted thematic content analysis.

Results198 participants responded to our survey. Participants had a mean response of 6.8 (N=197, SD=1.8) on a 9-point scale with endpoints, not at all familiar (1) and extremely familiar (9), when indicating how familiar they were with open science. When asked about where they obtained open science training, most participants indicated this was done on the job self-initiated while conducting research (n=103, 52%), or that they had no formal training with respect to open science (n=72, 36%). More than half of the participants indicated they would benefit from practical support from their institution on how to perform open science practices (N=106, 54%). A diversity of barriers to each of the open science practices presented to participants were acknowledged. Participants indicated that funding was the most essential incentive to adopt open science.

DiscussionIt is clear that policy alone will not lead to the effective implementation of open science. This survey serves as a baseline for the cardiovascular research communitys open science performance and perception and can be used to inform future interventions and monitoring.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cobey, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alayche, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saba, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ebrahimzadeh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barnes, N. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alarcon, E. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hibbert, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moher, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.29.546350</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cardiology researchers' practices and perceived barriers related to open science: an international cross-sectional survey]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.29.547097v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cellular Substrate of Eligibility Traces 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.29.547097v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ability of synapses to undergo associative, activity-dependent weight changes constitutes a linchpin of current cellular models of learning and memory. It is, however, unclear whether canonical forms of Hebbian plasticity, which inherently detect correlations of cellular events occurring over short time scales, can solve the temporal credit assignment problem proper to learning driven by delayed behavioral outcomes. Recent evidence supports the existence of synaptic eligibility traces, a time decaying process that renders synapses momentarily eligible for a weight update by a delayed instructive signal. While eligibility traces offer a means of retrospective credit assignment, their material nature is unknown. Here, we combined whole-cell recordings with two-photon uncaging, calcium imaging and biophysical modeling to address this question. We observed and parameterized a form of behavioral timescale synaptic plasticity (BTSP) in layer 5 pyramidal neurons of mice prefrontal areas wherein the pairing of temporally separated pre- and postsynaptic events (0.5 s - 1 s), irrespective of order, induced synaptic potentiation. By imaging calcium in apical oblique dendrites, we reveal a short-term and associative plasticity of calcium dynamics (STAPCD) whose time-dependence mirrored the induction rules of BTSP. We identified a core set of molecular players that were essential for both STAPCD and BTSP and that, together with computational simulations, support a model wherein the dynamics of intracellular handling of calcium by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) provides a latent memory trace of neural activity that instantiates synaptic weight updates upon a delayed instructive signal. By satisfying the requirements expected of eligibility traces, this mechanism accounts for how individual neurons can conjunctively bind cellular events that are separated by behaviorally relevant temporal delays, and thus offers a cellular model of reinforced learning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Caya-Bissonnette, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naud, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beïque, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.29.547097</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cellular Substrate of Eligibility Traces]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.30.547168v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Morphological variability may limit single-cell specificity to electric field stimulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.30.547168v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques are widely used for manipulating the behaviour of neuronal circuits and the excitability of the neurons therein. While the usage of these techniques is widely studied at the meso- and macroscopic scales, less is known about the specificity of such approaches at the level of individual cells. Here we use models based on the morphologies of real pyramidal and parvalbumin neurons from mouse primary visual cortex created by the Allen Institute for Brain Science to explore the variability and evoked response susceptibility of different morphologies to uniform electric fields. We devised a range of metrics quantifying various aspects of cellular morphology, ranging from whole cell attributes to net compartment length, branching, diameter to orientation. In supporting layer- and cell-type specific responses, none of these physical traits passed statistical significance tests. While electric fields can modulate somatic, dendritic and axonal compartments reliably and subtype-specific responses could be observed, the specificity of such stimuli was blurred by the variability in cellular morphology. These null results suggest that morphology alone may not account for the reported subtype specificity of brain stimulation paradigms, and question the extent to which such techniques may be used to probe and control neural circuitry.

Author summaryOver the last several decades there has been increased interest in the efficacy of non-invasive brain stimulation, particularly in determining the limits of specificity of such techniques. Despite this growing area of research, much remains unknown about the interactions of non-invasive techniques with neurons at the single-cell level, notably the importance of morphology to these interactions. We make use of detailed single-neuron models and simulate them in a uniform electric field and demonstrate that the high variability in neuron morphologies may limit how specifically single neurons can be targeted non-invasively. We confirmed this for neuron morphology characteristics at macro- and meso- scales and at varied orientations. Our work suggests that previously reported subtype specificities in non-invasive frameworks are not accounted for by considering only morphological factors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Trotter, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pariz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hutt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lefebvre, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.30.547168</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Morphological variability may limit single-cell specificity to electric field stimulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.30.547242v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Plant Cellulose as a Substrate for 3D Neural Stem Cell Culture 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.30.547242v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neural stem cell (NSC) based therapies are at the forefront of regenerative medicine strategies for various neural defects and injuries such as stroke, traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury. For several clinical applications, NSC therapies require biocompatible scaffolds to support cell survival and to direct differentiation. Here, we investigate decellularized plant tissue as a novel scaffold for three-dimensional (3D) in vitro culture of NSCs. Plant cellulose scaffolds were shown to support attachment and proliferation of adult rat hippocampal neural stem cells (NSCs). Further, NSCs differentiated on the cellulose scaffold had significant increases in their expression of neuron-specific beta-III tubulin and glial fibrillary acidic protein compared to 2D culture on a polystyrene plate, indicating that the scaffold may enhance differentiation of NSCs towards astrocytic and neuronal lineages. Our findings suggest that plant-derived cellulose scaffolds have the potential to be used in neural tissue engineering and can be harnessed to direct differentiation of NSCs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Couvrette, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bui, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pelling, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.30.547242</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Plant Cellulose as a Substrate for 3D Neural Stem Cell Culture]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.05.547852v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
pUdOs: concise plasmids for bacterial and mammalian cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.05.547852v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The pUdOs are 28 plasmids of small size combining four different origins of replication and seven selection markers, which together afford flexible use in Escherichia coli and several related gram- negative bacteria. The promoterless multicloning site is insulated from upstream spurious promoters by strong transcription terminators, and contains type IIP or IIS restriction sites for conventional or Golden-gate cloning. pUdOs can be converted into efficient expression vectors through the insertion of a promoter at the users discretion. For example, we demonstrate the utility of pUdOs as the backbone for an improved version of a Type III Secretion System reporter in Shigella. In addition, we derive a series of pUdO-based mammalian expression vectors affording distinct levels of expression and transfection efficiencies comparable to commonly used mammalian expression plasmids. Thus, pUdOs could advantageously replace traditional plasmids in a wide variety of cell types and applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ourida Manigat, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Connell, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, B. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LePabic, A.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tessier, C. J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emlaw, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calvert, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rossl, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shuhendler, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>daCosta, C. J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell-Valois, F.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.05.547852</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[pUdOs: concise plasmids for bacterial and mammalian cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.06.546892v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Proteomics analysis reveals a role for E. coli polyphosphate kinase in membrane structure and polymyxin resistance during starvation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.06.546892v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Polyphosphates (polyP) are chains of inorganic phosphates that can reach over 1000 residues in length. In Escherichia coli, polyP is produced by the polyP kinase (PPK) and is thought to play a protective role during the response to cellular stress. However, the molecular pathways impacted by PPK activity and polyP accumulation remain poorly characterized. In this work we used label-free mass spectrometry to study the response of bacteria that cannot produce polyP ({Delta}ppk) during starvation to identify novel pathways regulated by PPK.

In response to starvation, we found 92 proteins significantly differentially expressed between wild-type and {Delta}ppk mutant cells. Wild-type cells were enriched for proteins related to amino acid biosynthesis and transport, while{Delta} ppk mutants were enriched for proteins related to translation and ribosome biogenesis, suggesting that without PPK, cells remain inappropriately primed for growth even in the absence of required building blocks.

From our dataset, we were particularly interested in Arn and EptA proteins, which were downregulated in {Delta}ppk mutants compared to wild-type controls, because they play a role in lipid A modifications linked to polymyxin resistance. Using western blotting, we confirm differential expression of these and related proteins, and provide evidence that this mis-regulation in {Delta}ppk cells stems from a failure to induce the BasS/BasR two-component system during starvation. We also show that {Delta}ppk mutants unable to upregulate Arn and EptA expression lack the respective L-Ara4N and pEtN modifications on lipid A. In line with this observation, loss of ppk restores polymyxin sensitivity in resistant strains carrying a constitutively active basR allele.

Overall, we show a new role for PPK in lipid A modification during starvation and provide a rationale for targeting PPK to sensitize bacteria towards polymyxin treatment. We further anticipate that our proteomics work will provide an important resource for researchers interested in the diverse pathways impacted by PPK.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Baijal, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abrumchuk, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herrera, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trent, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavallee-Adam, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Downey, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.06.546892</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Proteomics analysis reveals a role for E. coli polyphosphate kinase in membrane structure and polymyxin resistance during starvation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.20.549882v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distinct forms of structural plasticity of adult-born interneuron spines induced by different odor learning paradigms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.20.549882v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During development and in adulthood the morpho-functional properties of neural networks constantly adapt in response to environmental stimuli and learned experiences. One of the processes that allows neuronal networks to be constantly reshaped is synaptic plasticity, which is induced in response to sensory experience and learning. Synaptic plasticity allows for the formation/elimination of synaptic connections as well as the strengthening of pre-existing ones. The olfactory system is particularly prone to constant morpho-functional reshaping of neural networks and synaptic rewiring throughout the lifespan of an animal, mainly because of the presence of continuous neurogenesis in the olfactory bulb (OB). This constant synaptic rewiring brought by adult-born neurons is modulated by the level of odor-induced activity and olfactory learning. It remains, however, unclear whether the complexity of distinct odor-induced learning paradigms and sensory stimulation induces different forms of structural plasticity. In the present study, we developed an analytical pipeline to perform 3D reconstructions of spines from confocal images followed by clustering of reconstructed spines based on different morphometric features and in relationship with different sensory stimuli and learning paradigms. We show that while sensory deprivation decreased the overall density of adult-born neurons in the OB without any noticeable changes in the morphometric properties of these spines, simple and complex odor learning paradigms triggered distinct forms of structural plasticity. A simple odor learning task affected the morphometric properties of the spines without any changes in spine density, whereas a complex odor learning task induced changes in spine density, without substantial changes in the morphology of the spines. Our work reveals the vast panoply of distinct forms of synaptic plasticity of adult-born neurons in the OB tailored to the complexity of odor-learning paradigms and sensory inputs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ferreira, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Constantinescu, V.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malvaut, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saghatelyan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hardy, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.20.549882</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distinct forms of structural plasticity of adult-born interneuron spines induced by different odor learning paradigms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.25.550525v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Burstprop for Learning in Spiking Neuromorphic Hardware 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.25.550525v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The need for energy-efficient solutions in Deep Neural Network (DNN) applications has led to a growing interest in Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) implemented in neuromorphic hardware. The Burstprop algorithm enables online and local learning in hier-archical networks, and therefore can potentially be implemented in neuromorphic hardware. This work presents an adaptation of the algorithm for training hierarchical SNNs on MNIST. Our implementation requires an order of magnitude fewer neurons than the previous ones. While Burstprop outper-forms Spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP), it falls short compared to training with backpropagation through time (BPTT). This work establishes a foundation for further improvements in the Burst-prop algorithm, developing such algorithms is essential for achieving energy-efficient machine learning in neuromorphic hardware.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stuck, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naud, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.25.550525</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Burstprop for Learning in Spiking Neuromorphic Hardware]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.26.550660v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interaction of SCoV-2 NSP7 or NSP8 alone may cause constriction of the RNA entry channel in NSP12: Implications for novel RdRp inhibitor drug discovery 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.26.550660v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) is a critical component of the RNA virus life cycle, including SCoV-2. Among the Coronavirus-encoded proteins, non-structural protein 12 (NSP12) exhibits polymerase activity in collaboration with one unit of NSP7 and two units of NSP8, constituting the RdRp holoenzyme. While there is abundant information on SCoV-2 RdRp-mediated RNA replication, the influence of interplay among NSP12, NSP7, and NSP8 on template RNA binding and primer extension activity remains relatively unexplored and poorly understood. Here, we recreated a functional RdRp holoenzyme in vitro using recombinant SCoV-2 NSP12, NSP7, and NSP8, and established its functional activity. Subsequently, molecular interactions among the NSPs in the presence of a variety of templates and their effects on polymerase activity were studied, wherein we found that NSP12 alone exhibited notable polymerase activity that increased significantly in the presence of NSP7 and NSP8. However, this activity was completely shut down, and the template RNA-primer complex was detached from NSP12 when one of the two cofactors was present. Through computational analysis, we found that the template RNA entry channel was more constricted in the presence of one of the two cofactors, which was relatively more constricted in the presence of NSP8 compared to that in the presence of NSP7. In conclusion, we report that NSP7 and NSP8 together synergise to enhance the activity of NSP12, but antagonise when present alone. Our findings have implications for novel drug development, and compounds that obstruct the binding of NSP7 or NSP8 to NSP12 can have lethal effects on viral RNA replication.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Singh, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kushwaha, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kulandaisamy, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baswal, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiwari, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghorai, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polamarasetty, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sehgal, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katika, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gadde, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cote, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kayampeta, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Appaiahgari, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Inampudi, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.26.550660</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interaction of SCoV-2 NSP7 or NSP8 alone may cause constriction of the RNA entry channel in NSP12: Implications for novel RdRp inhibitor drug discovery]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.28.551047v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intrinsic neural timescales attenuate information transfer along the uni-transmodal hierarchy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.28.551047v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The brains intrinsic timescales are organized in a hierarchy with shorter timescales in sensory regions and longer ones in associative regions. This timescale hierarchy overlaps with the timing demands of sensory information. Our question was how does this timescale hierarchy affect information transfer. We used a model of the timescale hierarchy based on connected excitatory and inhibitory populations across the cortex. We found that a hierarchy of information transfer follows the hierarchy of timescales with higher information transfer in sensory areas while it is lower in associative regions. Probing the effect of changes in timescale hierarchy on information transfer, we changed various model parameters which all, through, the loss of hierarchy, induced increased information transfer. Finally, the steepness of the timescale hierarchy relates negatively to total information transfer. Human MEG data confirmed our results. In sum, we demonstrate a key role of the brains timescale hierarchy in mediating information transfer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Catal, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abbasi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Northoff, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.28.551047</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intrinsic neural timescales attenuate information transfer along the uni-transmodal hierarchy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.01.551551v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phenological mismatch between trees and wildflowers: Reconciling divergent findings in two recent analyses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.01.551551v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
O_LIRecent evidence suggests that community science and herbarium datasets yield similar estimates of species phenological sensitivities to temperature. Despite this, two recent studies by Alecrim et al. (2023) and Miller et al. (2022) found contradictory results when investigating an identical ecological mechanism (phenological mismatch of wildflower flowering and of shading by deciduous trees; "phenological escape") with separate datasets.
C_LIO_LIHere, we investigated whether differences between the two studies results could be reconciled by testing four hypotheses related to model design, species selection, spatiotemporal data extent, and phenophase selection.
C_LIO_LIHybrid model structures brought results from the two datasets closer together but did not fully reconcile the differences between the studies. Cropping the datasets to match spatial and temporal extents appeared to reconcile most differences but only at the cost of much higher uncertainty associated with reduced sample size. Neither species selection nor phenophase selection seemed to be responsible for differences in results.
C_LIO_LISynthesis: Our analysis suggests that although species-level estimates of phenological sensitivity may be similar between crowd-sourced and herbarium datasets, inherent differences in the types and extent of data may lead to contradictory inference about complex biotic interactions. We conclude that, until community science data repositories grow to match the range of climate conditions present in herbarium collections or until herbarium collections grow to match the spatial extent and temporal frequency of community science repositories, ecological studies should ideally be evaluated using both datasets to test the possibility of biased results from either.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alecrim, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forrest, J. R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heberling, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Primack, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sargent, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.01.551551</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phenological mismatch between trees and wildflowers: Reconciling divergent findings in two recent analyses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.09.552495v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Heart-on-a-chip model of immune-induced cardiac dysfunction reveals the involvement of free mitochondrial DNA and therapeutic effects of endothelial exosomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.09.552495v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cardiovascular disease continues to take more human lives than all cancer combined, prompting the need for improved research models and treatment options. Despite a significant progress in development of mature heart-on-a-chip models of fibrosis and cardiomyopathies starting from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), human cell-based models of myocardial inflammation are lacking. Here, we bioengineered a vascularized heart-on-a-chip system with circulating immune cells to model SARS-CoV-2-induced acute myocarditis. Briefly, we observed hallmarks of COVID-19-induced myocardial inflammation in the heart-on-a-chip model, as the presence of immune cells augmented the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines, triggered progressive impairment of contractile function and altered intracellular calcium transient activities. An elevation of circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (ccf-mtDNA) was measured first in the in vitro heart-on-a-chip model and then validated in COVID-19 patients with low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), demonstrating that mitochondrial damage is an important pathophysiological hallmark of inflammation induced cardiac dysfunction. Leveraging this platform in the context of SARS-CoV-2 induced myocardial inflammation, we established that administration of human umbilical vein-derived EVs effectively rescued the contractile deficit, normalized intracellular calcium handling, elevated the contraction force and reduced the ccf- mtDNA and chemokine release via TLR-NF-kB signaling axis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lu, X. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rafatian, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, K. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beroncal, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Churcher, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vosoughi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trahtemberg, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pierro, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreazza, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>dos Santos, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Radisic, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.09.552495</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Heart-on-a-chip model of immune-induced cardiac dysfunction reveals the involvement of free mitochondrial DNA and therapeutic effects of endothelial exosomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/231050v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rapid diversification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis lung-like conditions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/231050v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chronic infection of the cystic fibrosis (CF) airway by the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality for adult CF patients. Prolonged infections are accompanied by adaptation of P. aeruginosa to the unique conditions of the CF lung environment as well as marked diversification of the pathogen into phenotypically and genetically distinct strains that can coexist for years within a patient. Little is known, however, about the causes of this diversification and its impact on patient health. Here, we show experimentally that, consistent with ecological theory of diversification, the nutritional conditions of the CF airway can cause rapid and extensive diversification of P. aeruginosa. The increased viscosity associated with the thick mucous layer in the CF airway had little impact on within-population diversification but did promote divergence among populations. Notably, in vitro evolution recapitulated patho-adaptive traits thought to be hallmarks of chronic infection, including reduced motility and increased biofilm formation, and the range of phenotypes observed in a collection of clinical isolates. Our results suggest that nutritional complexity and reduced dispersal can drive evolutionary diversification of P. aeruginosa independent of other features of the CF lung such as an active immune system or the presence of competing microbial species. They also underscore the need to obtain diverse samples of P. aeruginosa when developing treatment plans. We suggest that diversification, by generating extensive phenotypic and genetic variation on which selection can act, may be a key first step in the transition from transient to chronic infection.nnSignificance StatementChronic infection with the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the leading cause of lung transplant or death in cystic fibrosis patients. P. aeruginosa diversifies in the CF lung, although why this happens remains a mystery. We allowed P. aeruginosa to evolve in the laboratory under a range of conditions approximating the CF lung. The diversity of evolved populations was highest, and most closely resembled the range of phenotypes among clinical isolates, in environments resembling the spectrum of nutritional resources available in the CF lung. Our results point to the nutritional complexity of the CF lung as a major driver of diversification and they suggest that diversity could be important in the development of chronic infections.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schick, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kassen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/231050</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rapid diversification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis lung-like conditions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/237610v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Computational docking reveals evolutionary conservation of a specific interaction between 15d-Prostaglandin-J2 and eIF4A. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/237610v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
15-deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) is anti-inflammatory/antineoplastic prostaglandin which functions through covalent binding to cysteine residues of various target proteins. We previously showed that 15d-PGJ2 mediated anti-inflammatory responses are dependent on the translational inhibition through its interaction with eIF4A. Binding of 15d-PGJ2 to eIF4A specifically blocks the interaction between eIF4G and eIF4A leads to the formation of stress granules (SGs), which cluster mRNAs with inhibited translation. Here we show that the binding between 15d-PGJ2 and eIF4A specifically blocks the interaction between the MIF4G domain of eIF4G and eIF4A. To reveal the mechanism of this interaction, we used computational simulation-based docking studies and identified that the carboxyl tail of 15d-PGJ2 could stabilize the binding of 15d-PGJ2 to eIF4A through arginine 295 of eIF4A, which is the first suggestion that the 15d-PGJ2 tail play a physiological role. Interestingly, the putative 15d-PGJ2 binding site on eiF4A is conserved across many species, suggesting a biological role. Our data propose that studying 15d-PGJ2 and its targets will may uncover new therapeutic approaches in anti-inflammatory drug discovery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yun, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryu, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, J.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jang, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/237610</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Computational docking reveals evolutionary conservation of a specific interaction between 15d-Prostaglandin-J2 and eIF4A.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/247304v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
How the Central American Seaway and an ancient northern passage affected Flatfish diversification 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/247304v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While the natural history of flatfish has been debated for decades, the mode of diversification of this biologically and economically important group has never been elucidated. To address this question, we assembled the largest molecular data set to date, covering > 300 species (out of ca. 800 extant), from 13 of the 14 known families over nine genes, and employed relaxed molecular clocks to uncover their patterns of diversification. As the fossil record of flatfish is contentious, we used sister species distributed on both sides of the American continent to calibrate clock models based on the closure of the Central American Seaway (CAS), and on their current species range. We show that flatfish diversified in two bouts, as species that are today distributed around the Equator diverged during the closure of CAS, while those with a northern range diverged after this, hereby suggesting the existence of a post-CAS closure dispersal for these northern species, most likely along a trans-Arctic northern route, a hypothesis fully compatible with paleogeographic reconstructions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Byrne, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chapleau, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aris-Brosou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-01-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/247304</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[How the Central American Seaway and an ancient northern passage affected Flatfish diversification]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-01-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/260687v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RECAP reveals the true statistical significance of ChIP-seq peak calls 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/260687v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationChlP-seq is used extensively to identify sites of transcription factor binding or regions of epigenetic modifications to the genome. A key step in ChIP-seq analysis is peak calling, where genomic regions enriched for ChIP versus control reads are identified. Many programs have been designed to solve this task, but nearly all fall into the statistical trap of using the data twice--once to determine candidate enriched regions, and again to assess enrichment by classical statistical hypothesis testing. This double use of the data invalidates the statistical significance assigned to enriched regions, and as a consequence, invalidates false discovery rate estimates. Thus, the true significance or reliability of peak calls remains unknown.nnResultsUsing simulated and real ChIP-seq data sets, we show that three well-known peak callers, MACS, SICER and diffReps, output optimistically biased p-values, and therefore optimistic false discovery rate estimates--in some cases, many orders of magnitude too optimistic. We propose a wrapper algorithm, RECAP, that uses resampling of ChIP-seq and control data to estimate and correct for biases built into peak calling algorithms. P-values recalibrated by RECAP are approximately uniformly distributed when applied to null hypothesis data, in which ChIP-seq and control come from the same genomic distributions. When applied to non-null data, RECAP p-values give a better estimate of the true statistical significance of candidate peaks and better false discovery rate estimates, which correlate better with empirical reproducibility. RECAP is a powerful new tool for assessing the true statistical significance of ChIP-seq peak calls.nnAvailabilityThe RECAP software is available on github at https://github.com/theodorejperkins/RECAP.nnContacttperkins@ohri.ca
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chitpin, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Awdeh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perkins, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/260687</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RECAP reveals the true statistical significance of ChIP-seq peak calls]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/268136v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tectal stem cells display diverse regenerative capacities 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/268136v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
How diverse adult stem and progenitor populations regenerate tissue following damage to the CNS remains unknown across most neurogenic domains. To understand the role of quiescent radial-glial (qRG) stem cells during regeneration, we tested the hypothesis that qRG could be induced to proliferate and produce newborn neurons. We designed a stab lesion assay in the midbrain tectum of the adult zebrafish to target an isolated population of qRG, and investigated their proliferative behaviour, differentiation potential, and requirement of Wnt/{beta}-catenin signalling for the regenerative response. EdU-labelling showed that a small proportion of qRG transit to a proliferative state (pRG), but that progeny of pRG are restricted to a radial-glial fate. Lesion promoted upregulation of proliferation and neurogenesis from neuro-epithelial-like amplifying progenitors (NE-Ap) of the tectal marginal zone (TMZ). Homeostatic levels of Wnt/{beta}-catenin signalling persisted under lesioned conditions in the qRG/pRG population, whereby increased {beta}-catenin staining and axin2 expression was present in the NE-Ap progenitor zone. Attenuation of Wnt signalling using Dickkopf-1, demonstrated that proliferative responses post-injury appeared to be Wnt-independent. Our results align with the emerging view that adult stem/progenitor phenotypes are characterized by discrete, rather than mutual, regenerative programs and that different stem cell domains employ different modes of regeneration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lindsey, B. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aitkens, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khabooshan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vandestadt, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaslin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/268136</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tectal stem cells display diverse regenerative capacities]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/276329v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An improved method for fitting gamma distribution to substitution rate variation among sites 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/276329v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gamma distribution has been used to fit substitution rate variation over site. One simple method to estimate the shape parameter of the gamma distribution is to 1) reconstruct a phylogenetic tree and the ancestral states of internal nodes, 2) perform pairwise comparison between nodes on each side of each branch to count the number of "observed" substitutions for each site, and apply correction of multiple hits to derive the estimated number of substitutions for each site, and 3) fit the site-specific substitution data to gamma distribution to obtain the shape parameter  This method is fast but its accuracy depends much on the accuracy of the estimated site-specific number of substitutions. The existing method has three shortcomings. First, it uses Poisson correction which is inadequate for almost any nucleotide sequences. Second, it does independent estimation for the number of substitutions at each site without making use of information at all sites. Third, the program implementing the method has never been made publically available. I have implemented in DAMBE software a new method based on the F84 substitution model with simultaneous estimation that uses information from all sites in estimating the number of substitutions at each site. DAMBE is freely available at available at http://dambe.bio.uottawa.ca
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xia, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/276329</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An improved method for fitting gamma distribution to substitution rate variation among sites]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/276345v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Imputing missing distances in molecular phylogenetics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/276345v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Missing data are frequently encountered in molecular phylogenetics and need to be imputed. For a distance matrix with missing distances, the least-squares approach is often used for imputing the missing values. Here I develop a method, similar to the expectation-maximization algorithm, to impute multiple missing distance in a distance matrix. I show that, for inferring the best tree and missing distances, the minimum evolution criterion is not as desirable as the least-squares criterion. I also discuss the problem involving cases where the missing values cannot be uniquely determined, e.g., when a missing distance involve two sister taxa. The new method has the advantage over the existing one in that it does not assume a molecular clock. I have implemented the function in DAMBE software which is freely available at available at http://dambe.bio.uottawa.ca
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xia, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/276345</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Imputing missing distances in molecular phylogenetics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/279554v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Expectations may Influence the Effects of Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/279554v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Growing interest surrounds transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) as a safe and inexpensive method for improving cognitive functions and mood. Nevertheless, tDCS studies rarely examine psychological factors such as expectations of outcomes, which may influence tDCS responsiveness through placebo-like effects. Here we sought to evaluate the potential influence of expectations on tDCS intervention outcomes. We assessed expectations of tDCS outcomes in 88 healthy young adults on three occasions: i) at baseline; ii) after reading information implying either high or low effectiveness of stimulation; and iii) after a single-session of sham-controlled anodal tDCS applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, during working memory (WM) training. Participants were largely uncertain about the effectiveness of stimulation in improving cognitive function at baseline. High or low expectation priming using simple positive or cautionary messages significantly increased or decreased expectation ratings, respectively, but ratings significantly decreased following stimulation in all groups. We found greater improvement in participants who received high compared to low expectation priming. Participants who received active stimulation and low expectation priming exhibited the lowest performance, suggesting that expectation priming and stimulation may have interacted. We did not find a significant effect of baseline expectations, belief of group assignment, or individual characteristics on measures of WM and verbal fluency. However, controlling for baseline expectations revealed greater post-intervention improvement on the executive function measures in participants who received high (compared to low) expectation priming. People randomly assigned to receive high expectation priming reported having a more pleasant experience overall, including greater satisfaction. Our findings suggest that expectations of outcomes should be taken into account in tDCS-based experimental studies and clinical trials.nnHighlights- Based on prior knowledge, healthy subjects are uncertain about NIBS effectiveness.nn- Expectations of NIBS can change after a single exposure to simple written messages.nn- Expectations of outcomes may influence cognitive performance.nn- High expectations may lead to a more positive experience and motivation to perform.nn- Low expectations may be counterproductive to NIBS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rabipour, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, P. S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iacoboni, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/279554</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Expectations may Influence the Effects of Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/285494v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A novel time-stamp mechanism transforms egocentric encounters into an allocentric spatial representation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/285494v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Learning the spatial organization of the environment is essential for most animals survival. This often requires the animal to derive allocentric information about the environment from egocentric sensory and motor experience. The neural circuits and mechanisms underlying this transformation are currently unknown. We addressed this problem in electric fish, which can precisely navigate in complete darkness and whose requisite brain circuitry is relatively simple. We conducted the first neural recordings in the preglomerular complex, the thalamic region exclusively connecting the optic tectum with the spatial learning circuits in the dorsolateral pallium. While tectal egocentric information was eliminated in preglomerular neurons, the time-intervals between object encounters were precisely encoded. We show that this highly-reliable temporal information, combined with a speed signal, can permit accurate path-integration that then enables computing allocentric spatial relations. Our results suggest that similar mechanisms are involved in spatial learning via sequential encounters in all vertebrates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wallach, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harvey-Girard, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jun, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Longtin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maler, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/285494</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A novel time-stamp mechanism transforms egocentric encounters into an allocentric spatial representation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/294405v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Accurate prediction of orthologs in the presence of divergence after duplication 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/294405v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationWhen gene duplication occurs, one of the copies may become free of selective pressure and evolve at an accelerated pace. This has important consequences on the prediction of orthology relationships, since two orthologous genes separated by divergence after duplication may differ in both sequence and function. In this work, we make the distinction between the primary orthologs, which have not been affected by accelerated mutation rates on their evolutionary path, and the secondary orthologs, which have. Similarity-based prediction methods will tend to miss secondary orthologs, whereas phylogeny-based methods cannot separate primary and secondary orthologs. However, both types of orthology have applications in important areas such as gene function prediction and phylogenetic reconstruction, motivating the need for methods that can distinguish the two types.nnResultsWe formalize the notion of divergence after duplication, and provide a theoretical basis for the inference of primary and secondary orthologs. We then put these ideas to practice with the HyPPO (Hybrid Prediction of Paralogs and Orthologs) framework, which combines ideas from both similarity and phylogeny approaches. We apply our method to simulated and empirical datasets, and show that we achieve superior accuracy in predicting primary orthologs, secondary orthologs and paralogs.nnAvailabilityHyPPO is a modular framework with a core developed in Python, and is provided with a variety of C++ modules. The source code is available at https://github.com/manuellafond/HyPPO.nnContactmlafond2@uOttawa.ca, mmegh021@uottawa.ca, sankoff@uottawa.ca
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lafond, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meghdari Miardan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sankoff, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/294405</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Accurate prediction of orthologs in the presence of divergence after duplication]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/307058v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evidence of a nonadaptive buildup of mutational load in human populations over the past 40,000 years 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/307058v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The extent to which selection has shaped present-day human populations has attracted intense scrutiny, and examples of local adaptations abound. However, the evolutionary trajectory of alleles that, today, are deleterious has received much less attention. To address this question, the genomes of 2,062 individuals, including 1,179 ancient humans, were reanalyzed to assess how frequencies of risk alleles and their homozygosity changed through space and time in Europe over the past 45,000 years. While the overall deleterious homozygosity has consistently decreased, risk alleles have steadily increased in frequency over that period of time. Those that increased most are associated with diseases such as asthma, Crohn disease, diabetes and obesity, which are highly prevalent in present-day populations. These findings may not run against the existence of local adaptations, but highlight the limitations imposed by drift and population dynamics on the strength of selection in purging deleterious mutations from human populations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aris-Brosou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/307058</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evidence of a nonadaptive buildup of mutational load in human populations over the past 40,000 years]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/345637v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A synthetic non-histone substrate provides insight into substrate targeting by the Gcn5 HAT and sirtuin HDACs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/345637v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gcn5 and sirtuins are highly conserved HAT and HDAC enzymes that were first characterised as regulators of gene expression. Although histone tails are important substrates of these enzymes, these proteins also target many non-histone substrates that participate in diverse biological processes. The mechanisms used by these enzymes to choose their non-histone substrates is unclear. In this work, we use a unique synthetic biology approach in S. cerevisiae to demonstrate that a shared target sequence can act as a determinant of substrate selection for Gcn5 and sirtuins. We also exploit this system to define specific subunits of the Gcn5-containing ADA complex as regulators of non-histone acetylations proteome-wide.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rossl, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Downey, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/345637</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A synthetic non-histone substrate provides insight into substrate targeting by the Gcn5 HAT and sirtuin HDACs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/377143v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Do city cachers store less? The effect of urbanization and exploration on spatial memory in individual scatter hoarders 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/377143v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Urbanization has been shown to affect a variety of traits in animals, including their physiology, morphology, and behaviour, but it is less clear how cognitive traits are modified. Urban habitats contain artificially elevated food sources, such as bird feeders, that are known to affect the foraging behaviours of urban animals. As of yet however, it is not known whether urbanization and the abundance of supplemental food during the winter reduce caching behaviours and spatial memory in scatter hoarders. We aimed to examine individual variation in caching and spatial memory between and within urban and rural habitats to determine i) whether urban individuals cache less frequently and perform less accurately on a spatial task, and ii) explore, for the first time in scatter hoarders, whether slower explorers perform more accurately on a spatial task, indicating a speed-accuracy trade-off within individuals. We assessed spatial memory of wild-caught black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus; N = 96) from 14 sites along an urban gradient. While the individuals that cached more food in captivity were all from rural environments, we find no clear evidence that caching intensity and spatial memory accuracy differ along an urban gradient, and find no significant relationship between spatial cognition and exploration of a novel environment within individuals. However, individuals that performed more accurately also tended to cache more frequently, suggesting for the first time that the specialization of spatial memory in scatter hoarders may also occur at the level of the individual in addition to the population and species levels.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Thompson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morand-Ferron, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/377143</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Do city cachers store less? The effect of urbanization and exploration on spatial memory in individual scatter hoarders]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/387563v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ULK-mediated phosphorylation of ATG16L1 promotes xenophagy, but destabilizes the ATG16L1 Crohn’s mutant 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/387563v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Autophagy is a highly regulated catabolic pathway that is potently induced by stressors including starvation and infection. An essential component of the autophagy pathway is an ATG16L1-containing E3-like enzyme, which is responsible for lipidating LC3B and driving autophagosome formation. ATG16L1 polymorphisms have been linked to the development of Crohns disease (CD) and phosphorylation of CD-associated ATG16L1 (caATG16L1) has been hypothesized to contribute to cleavage and autophagy dysfunction. Here we show that ULK1 kinase directly phosphorylates ATG16L1 in response to infection and starvation. Moreover, we show that ULK-mediated phosphorylation drives the destabilization of caATG16L1 in response to stress. Additionally, we found that phosphorylated ATG16L1 was specifically localized to the site of internalized bacteria indicating a role for ATG16L1 in the promotion of anti-bacterial autophagy. Lastly, we show that stable cell lines harbouring a phospho-dead mutant of ATG16L1 have impaired xenophagy. In summary, our results show that ATG16L1 is a novel target of ULK1 kinase and that ULK-signalling to ATG16L1 is a double-edged sword, enhancing function of the wildtype ATG16L1, but promoting degradation of caATG16L1.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alsaadi, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Losier, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russell, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/387563</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ULK-mediated phosphorylation of ATG16L1 promotes xenophagy, but destabilizes the ATG16L1 Crohn’s mutant]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/424119v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A novel method for comparison of arterial remodeling in hypertension: quantification of arterial trees and recognition of remodeling patterns on histological sections 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/424119v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Remodeling of spatially heterogeneous arterial trees is routinely quantified on tissue sections by averaging linear dimensions, with lack of comparison between different organs and models. The impact of experimental models or hypertension treatment modalities on organ-specific vascular remodeling remains undefined. A wide variety of arterial remodeling types has been demonstrated for hypertensive models, which include differences across organs. The purpose of this study was to reassess methods for measurement of arterial remodeling and to establish a morphometric algorithm for standard and comparable quantification of vascular remodeling in hypertension in different vascular beds. We performed a novel and comprehensive morphometric analysis of terminal arteries in the brain, heart, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, stomach, intestine, skin, skeletal muscle, and adrenal glands of control and Goldblatt hypertensive rats on routinely processed tissue sections. Mean dimensions were highly variable but grouping them into sequential 5 m intervals permitted creation of reliable linear regression equations and complex profiles. Averaged arterial dimensions demonstrated seven remodeling patterns that were distinct from conventional inward-outward and hypertrophic-eutrophic definitions. Numerical modeling predicted at least twenty variants of arterial spatial conformations. Recognition of remodeling variants was not possible using averaged dimensions, their ratios, or the remodeling and growth index. To distinguish remodeling patterns, a three-dimensional modeling was established and tested. The proposed algorithm permits quantitative analysis of arterial remodeling in different organs and may be applicable for comparative studies between animal hypertensive models and in human hypertension. Arterial wall tapering is the most important factor to consider in arterial morphometry, while perfusion fixation with vessel relaxation is not necessary. Terminal arteries in organs undergo the same remodeling pattern in Goldblatt rats, except for organs with hemodynamics affected by the arterial clip. The existing remodeling nomenclature should be replaced by a numerical classification applicable to any type of arterial remodeling.nnAuthor summaryArterial hypertension effects modern nations and is characterised by systemic hypertensive angiopathy that affects all organs. Arterial remodeling is a main factor to be analyzed in animal models and human. Despite abundant data, there is a significant lack of comparative analysis on arterial remodeling. The data from the present study have established a novel methodological approach to assess and compare arterial remodeling in hypertension. We have developed an effective algorithm for morphometry of intra-organ arteries to standardize remodeling assessment and allow comparisons between different hypertensive models, organs and species. Our study opens the possibility to assess remodeling using conventional widely used histological tissue sections with no need for special perfusion-fixation. The method will elucidate the improvement and development of animal models of hypertension, and enhance the assessment of experimental therapeutic modalities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gutsol, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanco, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samokhina, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Afanasiev, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kennedy, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Popov, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burns, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/424119</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A novel method for comparison of arterial remodeling in hypertension: quantification of arterial trees and recognition of remodeling patterns on histological sections]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/434498v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Risks of exposure to systemic insecticides in agricultural soil in Ontario, Canada for the hoary squash bee (Peponapis pruinosa) and other ground-nesting bee species 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/434498v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Insecticide exposure is an environmental factor of concern relating to pollinator health. Recent increases in use of systemic insecticides, particularly neonicotinoids, have led to considerable research into the potential impacts for bees of exposure to these insecticide residues via the nectar and pollen of treated crops or contaminated wild flowers. However, although the majority of bee species are ground-nesting, the risk of exposure to insecticides in soil has not yet been evaluated. Here we use the hoary squash bee (Peponapis pruinosa) as a model system to provide the first evaluation of the risk of exposure to insecticide residues in soil to ground-nesting solitary bee species. The evaluation assessed agrochemical residues from the nectar, pollen and soil from Cucurbita-crops (e.g. squash and pumpkin) grown in southern Ontario in 2016, and soil insecticide residue data collected from field crops by the Ontario government. Systemic insecticide residues were rarely detected in the nectar and pollen of Cucurbita-crops in 2016, and hazard assessment deemed these potential routes of exposure to be non-hazardous for honey bee lethal dose endpoints. In contrast, quantifiable pesticide residues were frequently detected in soil suggesting this route of exposure to be hazardous for honey bee lethal dose endpoints, leading to further assessment using probabilistic risk assessments. Concentrations of clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam (neonicotinoid insecticides) and chlorantraniliprole (an anthranilic diamide insecticide) in soil samples were plotted to produce an environmental exposure distribution for each insecticide. A honey bee LC50 and a solitary bee LC50 endpoint were converted to exposure endpoints using the amount of soil excavated by hoary squash bees during nest construction, for both acute and chronic exposure scenarios. The probability of exceedance of each exposure endpoint was calculated and compared to an acceptable risk threshold (i.e. 5% exceedance). In the acute exposure scenario, risk to hoary squash bees was below acceptable threshold levels for all residues evaluated using the honey bee LC50, but exceeded the threshold for clothianidin and imidacloprid using the solitary bee LC50. In the chronic exposure scenario, risk from exposure to clothianidin and imidacloprid exceeded the threshold for both the honey bee and solitary bee LC50s, and for chlorantraniliprole risk only exceeded the threshold for the solitary bee LC50. Using the hoary squash bee as a model, the wider implications for other ground-nesting bees that pollinate crops was explored using insecticide residues from soil samples taken from Ontario field crops. Probabilistic risk assessments suggest that risk to ground-nesting bees is high from clothianidin residues in soils, even when exposure is acute, and substantial for both thiamethoxam and imidacloprid under chronic exposure scenarios. These results demonstrate the urgent need to consider direct exposure to pesticides in soil for ground-nesting bees as part of risk assessments and provides a potential model for evaluating risk from this type of exposure.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chan, D. S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prosser, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez-Gil, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raine, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/434498</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Risks of exposure to systemic insecticides in agricultural soil in Ontario, Canada for the hoary squash bee (Peponapis pruinosa) and other ground-nesting bee species]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/435412v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A starless bias in the maximum likelihood phylogenetic methods 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/435412v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
I analyzed various site pattern combinations in a 4-OTU case to identify sources of starless bias and parameter-estimation bias in likelihood-based phylogenetic methods, and reported three significant contributions. First, the likelihood method is odd in that it may not generate a star tree with sequences that are equidistant from each other. This behaviour, dubbed starless bias, happens in a 4-OTU tree when there is an excess (i.e., more than expected from a star tree and a substitution model) of conflicting phylogenetic signals supporting the three resolved topologies equally. Special site pattern combinations leading to rejection of a star tree, when sequences are equidistant from each other, were identified. Second, fitting gamma distribution to model rate heterogeneity over sites is strongly confounded with tree topology, especially in conjunction with the starless bias. I present examples to show dramatic differences in the estimated shape parameter  between a star tree and a resolved tree. There may be no rate heterogeneity over sites (with the estimated  > 10000) when a star tree is imposed, but  < 1 (suggesting strong rate heterogeneity over sites) when an (incorrect) resolved tree is imposed. Thus, the dependence of "rate heterogeneity" on tree topology implies that "rate heterogeneity" is not a sequence-specific feature, cautioning against interpreting a small  to mean that some sites are under strong purifying selection and others not. Thirdly, because there is no existing (and working) likelihood method for evaluating a star tree with continuous gamma-distributed rate, I have implemented the method for JC69 in a self-contained R script for a four-OTU tree (star or resolved), in addition to another R script assuming a constant rate over sites. These R scripts should be useful for teaching and exploring likelihood methods in phylogenetics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xia, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/435412</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A starless bias in the maximum likelihood phylogenetic methods]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/444133v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeting MYC Overexpressing Leukemia with Cardiac Glycoside Proscillaridin Through Downregulation of Histone Acetyltransferases 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/444133v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Targeting MYC oncogene remains a major therapeutic goal in cancer chemotherapy. Here, we demonstrate that proscillaridin, a cardiac glycoside approved for heart failure treatment exhibit anticancer selectivity towards high MYC expressing leukemic cell lines and leukemia stem cells. At a clinically relevant concentration, proscillaridin induced a rapid downregulation of MYC protein level, due to a significant decrease in MYC protein half-life. Proscillaridin treatment induced a downregulation of gene sets involved in MYC pathway, and a concomitant upregulation of genes involved in hematopoietic differentiation. Proscillaridin induced a significant loss of lysine acetylation in histone H3 (K9, K14, K18 and K27) and in non-histone proteins such as MYC, MYC target proteins, and a series of histone acetylation regulators. Loss of lysine acetylation correlated with a rapid downregulation of histone acetyltransferase protein levels, involved in histone and MYC acetylation (CBP, P300, GCN5, TIP60, and MOZ), preferentially in MYC overexpressing leukemia as compared to other cancer cells. These results support the repurposing of proscillaridin in MYC overexpressing leukemia and propose a novel strategy to target MYC in cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Da Costa, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armaos, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McInnes, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beaudry, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moquin-Beaudry, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertrand-Lehouillier, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caron, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>St-Onge, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krogan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Downey, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rafei, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boileau, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eppert, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flores-Diaz, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sinnett, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beausejour, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGraw, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raynal, N. J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/444133</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeting MYC Overexpressing Leukemia with Cardiac Glycoside Proscillaridin Through Downregulation of Histone Acetyltransferases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/454421v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell-autonomous transcriptional mechanism for enhancement of translation capacity in secretory cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/454421v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Translation is a basic cellular process and its capacity is adapted to cell function. In particular, secretory cells achieve high protein synthesis levels without triggering the protein stress response. It is unknown how and when translation capacity is increased during differentiation. Here, we show that the transcription factor Creb3l2 is a scaling factor for translation capacity in secretory cells and that it directly binds ~75% of regulatory and effector genes for translation. In parallel with this cell-autonomous mechanism, implementation of the physiological UPR pathway prevents triggering the protein stress response. The pituitary differentiation factor Tpit activates Creb3l2 expression, the Creb3l2-dependent regulatory network as well as the physiological UPR pathway. Thus, Creb3l2 implements high basal translation levels through direct targeting of translation effector genes acting downstream of signaling pathways that otherwise regulate protein synthesis. Expression of Creb3l2 may be a useful means to enhance production of therapeutic proteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Khetchoumian, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balsalobre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayran, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christian, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chenard, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>St-Pierre, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drouin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/454421</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell-autonomous transcriptional mechanism for enhancement of translation capacity in secretory cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/474536v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The idiosyncratic drivers of correlated evolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/474536v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ultimate causes of correlated evolution among sites in a genome remain difficult to tease apart. To address this problem directly, we performed a high-throughput search for correlated evolution among sites associated with resistance to a fluoroquinolone antibiotic using whole genome data from clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, before validating our computational predictions experimentally. We show that for at least two sites, this correlation is underlain by epistasis. Our analysis also revealed eight additional pairs of synonymous substitutions displaying correlated evolution underlain by physical linkage, rather than selection associated with antibiotic resistance. Our results provide direct evidence that both epistasis and physical linkage among sites can drive the correlated evolution identified by high throughput computational tools. In other words, the observation of correlated evolution is not by itself sufficient evidence to guarantee that the sites in question are epistatic; such a claim requires additional evidence, ideally coming from direct estimates of epistasis, based on experimental evidence.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dench, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aris-Brosou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kassen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/474536</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The idiosyncratic drivers of correlated evolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/495887v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neural activity in a hippocampus-like region of the teleost pallium are associated with navigation and active sensing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/495887v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neural mechanisms underlying spatial navigation in fish are unknown and little is known, for any vertebrate, about the relationship between active sensing and the formation of spatial maps. The weakly electric fish, Gymnotus Carapo, uses their active electric sense for spatial navigation. The electric organ discharge rate (EODr) undergoes transient increases during navigation to enhance electrosensory sampling. Gymnotus also uses stereotyped forward/ backward swimming as a second form of active sensing that brings objects towards the electroreceptor-dense head region. We wirelessly recorded neural activity from the pallium of freely swimming Gymnotus. Spiking activity was sparse and occurred only during swimming. Notably, some units exhibited significant place specificity and/or association with both forms of active sensing. Our results provide the first characterization of neural activity in a hippocampal-like region of a teleost fish brain and connects active sensing via sensory sampling rate and directed movements to higher order encoding of spatial information.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fotowat, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jun, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maler, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/495887</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neural activity in a hippocampus-like region of the teleost pallium are associated with navigation and active sensing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/500785v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human Gene Expression Variability and its Dependence on Methylation and Aging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/500785v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundPhenotypic variability of human populations is partly the result of gene polymorphism and differential gene expression. As such, understanding the molecular basis for diversity requires identifying genes with both high and low population expression variance and identifying the mechanisms underlying their expression control. Key issues remain unanswered with respect to expression variability in human populations. The role of gene methylation as well as the contribution that age, sex and tissue-specific factors have on expression variability are not well understood.

ResultsHere we used a novel method that accounts for sampling error to classify human genes based on their expression variability in normal human breast and brain tissues. We find that high expression variability is almost exclusively unimodal, indicating that variance is not the result of segregation into distinct expression states. Genes with high expression variability differ markedly between tissues and we find that genes with high population expression variability are likely to have age-, but not sex-dependent expression. Lastly, we find that methylation likely has a key role in controlling expression variability insofar as genes with low expression variability are likely to be non-methylated.

ConclusionsWe conclude that gene expression variability in the human population is likely to be important in tissue development and identity, methylation, and in natural biological aging. The expression variability of a gene is an important functional characteristic of the gene itself and the classification of a gene as one with Hyper-Variability or Hypo-Variability in a human population or in a specific tissue should be useful in the identification of important genes that functionally regulate development or disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bashkeel, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perkins, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaern, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/500785</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human Gene Expression Variability and its Dependence on Methylation and Aging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/501379v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spike-Diffuse-Spike Modelling of AxonalPropagation Links Demyelination to CompoundAction Potential Dispersion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/501379v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To establish and exploit novel biomarkers of demyelinating diseases requires a mechanistic understanding of axonal propagation. Here, we present a novel computational framework called the stochastic spike-diffuse-spike (SSDS) model for assessing the effects of demyelination on axonal transmission. It models transmission through nodal and internodal compartments with two types of operations: a stochastic integrate-and-fire operation captures nodal excitability and a linear filtering operation describes internodal propagation. The effects of demyelinated segments on the probability of transmission, transmission delay and spike time jitter are explored. We argue that demyelination induced impedance mismatch prevents propagation in most part when the action potential leaves a demyelinated region, not when it enters a demyelinated region. In addition, we model sodium channel remodeling as a homeostatic control of nodal excitability. We find that the effects of mild demyelination on transmission probability and delay can be largely counterbalanced by an increase in excitability at the nodes surrounding the demyelination. The spike timing jitter, however, reflects the level of demyelination whether excitability is fixed or is allowed to change in compensation. This jitter can accumulate over long axons and leads to a broadening of the compound action potential, linking microscopic defects to a mesoscopic observable. Our findings articulate why action potential jitter and compound action potential dispersion can serve as potential markers of weak and sporadic demyelination.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Naud, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Longtin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/501379</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spike-Diffuse-Spike Modelling of AxonalPropagation Links Demyelination to CompoundAction Potential Dispersion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/513663v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TargetSeeker-MS: A computational method for drug target discovery using protein separation coupled to mass spectrometry 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/513663v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
When coupled to mass spectrometry (MS), energetics-based protein separation (EBPS) techniques, such as thermal shift assay, have shown great potential to identify the targets of a drug on a proteome scale. Nevertheless, the computational analyses assessing the confidence of drug target predictions made by these methods have remained rudimentary and significantly differ depending on the protocol used to produce the data. To identify drug targets in datasets produced using different EBPS-MS techniques, we have developed a novel flexible computational approach named TargetSeeker-MS. We showed that TargetSeeker-MS reproducibly identifies known and novel drug targets in C. elegans and HEK293 samples that were treated with the fungicide benomyl and processed using two different EBPS techniques. We also validated a novel benomyl target in vitro. TargetSeeker-MS, which is available online, allows for the confident identification of targets of a drug on a proteome scale, thereby facilitating the evaluation of its clinical viability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lavallee-Adam, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pelletier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diedrich, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Low, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinto, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez-Bartolome, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petrascheck, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moresco, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yates, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/513663</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TargetSeeker-MS: A computational method for drug target discovery using protein separation coupled to mass spectrometry]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/520494v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantitative Analysis of Global Protein Stability Rates in Tissues 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/520494v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein degradation is an essential mechanism for maintaining homeostasis in response to internal and external perturbations. Disruption of this process is implicated in many human diseases, but quantitation of global stability rates has not yet been achieved in tissues. We have developed QUAD (Quantification of Azidohomoalanine Degradation), a technique to quantitate global protein degradation using mass spectrometry. Azidohomoalanine (AHA) is pulsed into mouse tissues through their diet. The mice are then returned to a normal diet and the decrease of AHA abundance can be quantitated in the proteome. QUAD analysis reveals that protein stability varied within tissues, but discernible trends in the data suggest that cellular environment is a major factor dictating stability. Within a tissue, different organelles, post-translation modifications, and protein functions were enriched with different stability patterns. Surprisingly, subunits of the TRIC molecular chaperonin possessed markedly distinct stability trajectories in the brain. Further investigation revealed that these subunits also possessed different subcellular localization and expression patterns that were uniquely altered with age and in Alzheimers disease transgenic mice, indicating a potential non-canonical chaperonin. Finally, QUAD analysis demonstrated that protein stability is enhanced with age in the brain but not in the liver. Overall, QUAD allows the first global quantitation of protein stability rates in tissues, which may lead to new insights and hypotheses in basic and translational research.nnSummaryProtein degradation is an important component of the proteostasis network, but no techniques are available to globally quantitate degradation rates in tissues. In this study, we demonstrate a new method QUAD (Quantification of Azidohomoalanine Degradation) that can accurately quantitate degradation rates in tissues. QUAD analysis of mouse tissues reveal that unique degradation trends can define different tissue proteomes. Within a tissue, specific protein characteristics are correlated with different levels of protein stability. Further investigation of the TRIC chaperonin with strikingly different subunit stabilities suggests a non-canonical chaperonin in brain tissue. Consistent with the theory that the proteostasis network is compromised with age, we discovered that protein stability is globally enhanced in brains of old mice compared to young mice.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McClatchy, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavalle-Adam, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yates, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/520494</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantitative Analysis of Global Protein Stability Rates in Tissues]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/522607v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Induction of an alternative 5’ leader enhances translation of Inpp5e and resistance to oncolytic virus infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/522607v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Residual cell-intrinsic innate immunity in cancer cells hampers infection with oncolytic viruses. mRNA translation is an important component of innate immunity, yet the targeted cellular mRNAs remain ill-defined. We characterized the translatome of resistant murine "4T1" breast cancer cells infected with three of the most clinically advanced oncolytic viruses: Herpes Simplex virus 1, Reovirus and Vaccinia virus. Common among all three infections were translationally de-repressed mRNAs involved in ciliary homeostasis including Inpp5e, encoding an inositol 5-phosphatase that modifies lipid second messenger signalling. Translationally repressed in the uninfected condition, viral infection induced expression of an Inpp5e mRNA variant that lacks repressive upstream open reading frames (uORFs) within its 5 leader and is consequently efficiently translated. Furthermore, we show that INPP5E contributes to antiviral immunity by altering virus attachment. These findings uncover a role for translational control through alternative 5 leader expression and assign ciliary proteins such as INPP5E to the cellular antiviral response.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hoang, H.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graber, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, J.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaidya, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilchrist, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gkogkas, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaramillo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jafarnejad, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alain, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/522607</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Induction of an alternative 5’ leader enhances translation of Inpp5e and resistance to oncolytic virus infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/539239v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Episodic diversifying selection and intragenomic interactions shape the evolution of DNA and RNA viruses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/539239v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Viruses are known to have some of the highest and most diverse mutation rates found in any biological replicator, topped by single-stranded (ss) RNA viruses, while double-stranded (ds) DNA viruses have rates approaching those of bacteria. As mutation rates are tightly and negatively correlated with genome size, selection is a clear driver of viral evolution. However, the role of intragenomic interactions as drivers of viral evolution is less well documented. To understand how these two processes affect viral evolution, we systematically surveyed ssRNA, ssDNA, dsRNA, and dsDNA viruses, to find which virus type and which functions show evidence for episodic diversifying selection and correlated evolution. We show that while evidence for selection is mostly found in single stranded viruses, and correlated evolution is more prevalent in DNA viruses, the genes that are affected by both processes are involved in key aspects of their life cycle, favoring viral stability over proliferation. We further show that both evolutionary processes are intimately linked at the amino acid level, which suggests that selection alone does not explain the whole evolutionary --and epidemiological-- potential of viruses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aris-Brosou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parent, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibeh, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/539239</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Episodic diversifying selection and intragenomic interactions shape the evolution of DNA and RNA viruses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/539627v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Therapeutic Targeting of Casein Kinase 1δ/ε in an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/539627v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sleep disturbances and memory impairment are common symptoms of Alzheimers disease (AD). Given that the circadian clock regulates sleep, hippocampal function, and neurodegeneration, it represents a therapeutic target against AD. Casein kinase 1{delta}/{varepsilon} (CK1{delta}/{varepsilon}) are clock regulators and overexpressed in AD brains, making them viable targets to improve sleep and cognition. We assessed the effects of a small molecule CK1{delta}/{varepsilon} inhibitor (PF-670462) in a cellular model of circadian clocks and in 3xTg-AD mice. Mass spectrometry-based proteomic analyses revealed that PF-670462 treatment in vitro upregulated multiple proteins that are downregulated in AD, while administration in 3xTg-AD mice reversed hippocampal proteomic alterations in diverse AD-associated and clock-regulated pathways, including synaptic plasticity and amyloid precursor protein processing. Furthermore, PF-670462 rescued working memory and normalized behavioural circadian rhythms in 3xTg-AD mice. Our study provides proof of concept for CK1{delta}/{varepsilon} inhibition and direct clock modulation against AD-related proteomic changes, memory impairment, and circadian disturbances.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Adler, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayne, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ning, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Figeys, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/539627</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Therapeutic Targeting of Casein Kinase 1δ/ε in an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/543017v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inhibitor of apoptosis, IAP, genes play a critical role in the survival of HIV-infected macrophages 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/543017v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Latent viral reservoirs of HIV-1 that persist despite antiretroviral therapy (ART) are major barriers for a successful cure. Macrophages serve as viral reservoirs due to their resistance to apoptosis and HIV-cytopathic effects. We have previously shown that inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) confer resistance to HIV-Vpr-induced apoptosis in normal macrophages. Herein, we show that second mitochondrial activator of caspases (SMAC)-mimetics (SM) specifically induce apoptosis of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) infected in vitro with a R5-tropic laboratory strain expressing heat stable antigen, and GFP-expressing HIV, chronically infected U1 cells, and ex-vivo derived MDMs from naive and ART-treated HIV patients. SM-induced cell death was found to be mediated by IAPs using IAP siRNAs, was independent of endogenously produced TNF and was attributed to the concomitant downregulation of IAP-1/2 and the receptor interacting protein kinase-1 degradation following HIV infection. Altogether, modulation of the IAP pathways may be a potential strategy for selective killing of HIV-infected macrophages in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kumar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caballero, R. E. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, S. X. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gajanayaka, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ali, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cassol, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cameron, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korneluk, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tremblay, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/543017</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inhibitor of apoptosis, IAP, genes play a critical role in the survival of HIV-infected macrophages]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/543256v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RapidAIM: A culture- and metaproteomics-based Rapid Assay of Individual Microbiome responses to drugs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/543256v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The gut microbiome has been associated with a growing list of diseases. Drugs and other compounds can affect the microbiome, but our understanding of drug-induced changes in individual microbiomes is limited due to a lack of rapid and effective high-throughput assay methods. We developed an approach named Rapid Assay of Individual Microbiome (RapidAIM) to screen xenobiotics against individual microbiomes. RapidAIM was evaluated by testing 43 compounds against five individual microbiomes using a metaproteomic approach. We show that our workflow enables quantitative profiling of the microbiome. The tested compounds significantly affected overall microbiome abundance, microbiome composition and functional pathways at multiple taxonomic levels. The microbiome responses to berberine, metformin, diclofenac, fructooligosaccharide and most antibiotics were consistent among most individuals. Interestingly, most of our tested NSAIDs, statins, and histamine-2 blockers induced strong and individually distinct responses. Our workflow offers an effective solution to systematically study the effects of many different compounds on individual microbiomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ning, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayne, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stintzi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Figeys, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/543256</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RapidAIM: A culture- and metaproteomics-based Rapid Assay of Individual Microbiome responses to drugs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/553610v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The distribution of fitness effects among synonymous mutations in a gene under selection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/553610v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The fitness effects of synonymous mutations, nucleotide changes that do not alter the encoded amino acid, have often been assumed to be neutral, but a growing body of evidence suggests otherwise. We used site-directed mutagenesis coupled with direct measures of competitive fitness to estimate the distribution of fitness effects among synonymous mutations for a gene under selection. Synonymous mutations had highly variable fitness effects, both deleterious and beneficial, resembling those of nonsynonymous mutations in the same gene. This variation in fitness was underlain by changes in transcription linked to the creation of internal promoter sites. A positive correlation between fitness and the presence of synonymous substitutions across a phylogeny of related Pseudomonads suggests these mutations may be common in nature. Taken together, our results provide the most compelling evidence to date that synonymous mutations with non-neutral fitness effects may in fact be commonplace.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kassen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lebeuf-Taylor, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCloskey, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hinz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bailey, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/553610</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The distribution of fitness effects among synonymous mutations in a gene under selection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/570143v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Few Effects of a 5-week Computerized Cognitive Training Program in Healthy Older Adults 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/570143v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Computerized cognitive training programs are becoming increasingly popular and practical for cognitive aging. Nevertheless, basic questions remain about the benefits of such programs, and about the degree to which participant expectations might influence training and transfer. Here we examined a commercial cognitive training program (Activate) in a 5-week double-blind, pseudo-randomized placebo-controlled trial. Based on a priori power analysis, we recruited 99 healthy older adults 59-91 years of age (M = 68.87, SD = 6.31; 69 women), assigning them to either the intervention or an active control program (Sudoku and n-back working memory exercises). We subdivided both groups into high and low expectation priming conditions, to probe for effects of participants expectations on training and transfer. We assessed transfer using a battery of standard neuropsychological and psychosocial measures that had been agreed to by the training program developers. We planned and pre-registered our analyses (on osf.io). The majority (88%) of participants progressed through the training, and most provided positive feedback about it. Similarly, the majority (80%) of participants believed they were truly training their brains. Yet, transfer of training was minimal. Also minimal were any effects of expectations on training and transfer, although participants who received high expectation priming tended to engage more with their assigned program overall. Our findings suggest limited benefits of Activate training on cognition and psychosocial wellbeing in healthy older adults, at least under the conditions we used.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rabipour, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morrison, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crompton, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petrucelli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Germano, M. d. O. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Popescu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, P. S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/570143</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Few Effects of a 5-week Computerized Cognitive Training Program in Healthy Older Adults]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/571414v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cellular and network mechanisms may generate sparse coding of sequential object encounters in hippocampal-like circuits 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/571414v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In mammals, the localization of distinct landmarks is performed by hippocampal neurons that sparsely encode an animals location relative to surrounding objects. Similarly, the dorsal lateral pallium (DL) is essential for spatial learning in teleost fish. The DL of weakly electric gymnotiform fish receives sensory inputs from the preglomerular nucleus (PG), which has been hypothesized to encode the temporal sequence of electrosensory or visual landmark/food encounters. Here, we show that DL neurons have a hyperpolarized resting membrane potential combined with a high and dynamic spike threshold that increases following each spike. Current-evoked spikes in DL cells are followed by a strong small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (SK) mediated after-hyperpolarizing potential (AHP). Together, these properties prevent high frequency and continuous spiking. The resulting sparseness of discharge and dynamic threshold suggest that DL neurons meet theoretical requirements for generating spatial memory engrams by decoding the landmark/food encounter sequences encoded by PG neurons.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Trinh, A.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clarke, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harvey-Girard, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maler, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/571414</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cellular and network mechanisms may generate sparse coding of sequential object encounters in hippocampal-like circuits]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/574319v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phytoplasma SAP11 effector destabilization of TCP transcription factors differentially impact development and defence of Arabidopsis versus maize 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/574319v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phytoplasmas are insect-transmitted bacterial pathogens that colonize a wide range of plant species, including vegetable and cereal crops, and herbaceous and woody ornamentals. Phytoplasma-infected plants often show dramatic symptoms, including proliferation of shoots (witchs brooms), changes in leaf shapes and production of green sterile flowers (phyllody). Aster Yellows phytoplasma Witches Broom (AY-WB) infects dicots and its effector, secreted AYWB protein 11 (SAP11), was shown to be responsible for the induction of shoot proliferation and leaf shape changes of plants. SAP11 acts by destabilizing TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1-CYCLOIDEA-PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR (TCP) transcription factors, particularly the class II TCPs of the CYCLOIDEA/TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1 (CYC/TB1) and CINCINNATA (CIN)-TCP clades. SAP11 homologs are also present in phytoplasmas that cause economic yield losses in monocot crops, such as maize, wheat and coconut. Here we show that a SAP11 homolog of Maize Bushy Stunt Phytoplasma (MBSP), which has a range primarily restricted to maize, destabilizes only TB1/CYC TCPs. SAP11MBSP and SAP11AYWB both induce axillary branching and SAP11AYWB also alters leaf development of Arabidopsis thaliana and maize. However, only in maize, SAP11MBSP prevents female inflorescence development, phenocopying maize tb1 lines, whereas SAP11AYWB prevents male inflorescence development and induces feminization of tassels. SAP11AYWB promotes fecundity of the AY-WB leafhopper vector on A. thaliana and modulates the expression of A. thaliana leaf defence response genes that are induced by this leafhopper, in contrast to SAP11MBSP. Neither of the SAP11 effectors promote fecundity of AY-WB and MBSP leafhopper vectors on maize. These data provide evidence that class II TCPs have overlapping but also distinct roles in regulating development and defence in a dicot and a monocot plant species that is likely to shape SAP11 effector evolution depending on the phytoplasma host range.nnAuthor summaryPhytoplasmas are parasites of a wide range of plant species and are transmitted by sap-feeding insects, such as leafhoppers. Phytoplasma-infected plants are often easily recognized because of their dramatic symptoms, including shoot proliferations (witchs brooms) and altered leaf shapes, leading to severe economic losses of crops, ornamentals and trees worldwide. We previously found that the virulence protein SAP11 of aster yellows witches broom phytoplasma (AY-WB) interferes with a specific group of plant transcription factors, named TCPs, leading to witches brooms and leaf shape changes of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. SAP11 has been characterized in a number of other phytoplasmas. However, it is not known how phytoplasmas and their SAP11 proteins modulate processes in crops, including cereals such as maize. We identified a SAP11 homolog in Maize bushy stunt phytoplasma (MBSP), a pathogen that can cause severe yield losses of maize. We found that SAP11 interactions with TCPs are conserved between maize and Arabidopsis, and that MBSP SAP11 interferes with less TCPs compared to AY-WB SAP11. This work provides new insights into how phytoplasmas change maize architecture and corn production. Moreover, we found that TCPs regulate leaf defence responses to phytoplasma leafhopper vectors in Arabidopsis, but not in maize.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pecher, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moro, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Canale, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Capdevielle, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacLean, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sugio, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopes, J. R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hogenhout, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/574319</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phytoplasma SAP11 effector destabilization of TCP transcription factors differentially impact development and defence of Arabidopsis versus maize]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/582650v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
WACS: Improving Peak Calling by Optimally Weighting Controls 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/582650v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationChromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq), initially introduced more than a decade ago, is widely used by the scientific community to detect protein/DNA binding and histone modifications across the genome. Every experiment is prone to noise and bias, and ChIP-seq experiments are no exception. To alleviate bias, the incorporation of control datasets in ChIP-seq analysis is an essential step. The controls are used to account for the background signal, while the remainder of the ChIP-seq signal captures true binding or histone modification. However, a recurrent issue is different types of bias in different ChIP-seq experiments. Depending on which controls are used, different aspects of ChIP-seq bias are better or worse accounted for, and peak calling can produce different results for the same ChIP-seq experiment. Consequently, generating "smart" controls, which model the non-signal effect for a specific ChIP-seq experiment, could enhance contrast and increase the reliability and reproducibility of the results.

ResultsWe propose a peak calling algorithm, Weighted Analysis of ChIP-seq (WACS), which is an extension of the well-known peak caller MACS2. There are two main steps in WACS: First, weights are estimated for each control using non-negative least squares regression. The goal is to customize controls to model the noise distribution for each ChIP-seq experiment. This is then followed by peak calling. We demonstrate that WACS significantly outperforms MACS2 and AIControl, another recent algorithm for generating smart controls, in the detection of enriched regions along the genome, in terms of motif enrichment and reproducibility analyses.

ConclusionThis ultimately improves our understanding of ChIP-seq controls and their biases, and shows that WACS results in a better approximation of the noise distribution in controls.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Awdeh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turcotte, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perkins, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/582650</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[WACS: Improving Peak Calling by Optimally Weighting Controls]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/591289v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multicenter preclinical studies as an innovative method to enhance translation: a systematic review of published studies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/591289v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multicenter preclinical studies have been suggested as a method to improve reproducibility, generalizability and potential clinical translation of preclinical work. In these studies, multiple independent laboratories collaboratively conduct a research experiment using a shared protocol. The use of a multicenter design in preclinical experimentation is a recent approach and only a handful of preclinical multicenter studies have been published. Here, we systematically identify, assess and synthesize published preclinical multicenter studies investigating interventions using in vivo models. Synthesized data included study methods/design, basic characteristics, outcomes, and barriers and facilitators. Study risk of bias, completeness of reporting and the degree of collaboration were evaluated using established methods. The database searches identified 3095 citations and 12 studies met inclusion criteria. The multicenter study design was applied across a diverse range of diseases including stroke, heart attack, traumatic brain injury, and diabetes. The median number of centers was 4 (range 2-6) and the median sample size was 135 (range 23-384). Most studies had lower risk of bias and higher completeness of reporting than typically seen in single-centered studies. Only four of the twelve studies produced results consistent with previous single-center studies, highlighting a central concern of preclinical research: irreproducibility and poor generalizability of findings from single laboratories. Our review suggests that multicenter preclinical studies may provide a method to robustly assess therapies prior to considering clinical translation. Registered with PROSPERO CRD42018093986.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hunniford, V. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grudniewicz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fergusson, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grigor, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lansdell, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lalu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/591289</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multicenter preclinical studies as an innovative method to enhance translation: a systematic review of published studies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/594564v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification and characterization of OmpT-like proteases in uropathogenic Escherichia coli clinical isolates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/594564v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacterial colonization of the urogenital tract is limited by innate defenses, including the production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) resist AMP-killing to cause a range of urinary tract infections (UTIs) including asymptomatic bacteriuria, cystitis, pyelonephritis, and sepsis. UPEC strains have high genomic diversity and encode numerous virulence factors that differentiate them from non-UTI causing strains, including ompT. As OmpT homologues cleave and inactivate AMPs, we hypothesized that high OmpT protease activity-levels contribute to UPEC colonization during symptomatic UTIs. Therefore, we measured OmpT activity in 58 UPEC clinical isolates. While heterogeneous OmpT activities were observed, OmpT activity was significantly greater in UPEC strains isolated from patients with symptomatic infections. Unexpectedly, UPEC strains exhibiting the greatest protease activities harboured an additional ompT-like gene called arlC (ompTp). The presence of two OmpT-like proteases in some UPEC isolates led us to compare the substrate specificities of OmpT-like proteases found in E. coli. While all three cleaved AMPs, cleavage efficiency varied on the basis of AMP size and secondary structure. Our findings suggest the presence ArlC and OmpT in the same UPEC isolate may confer a fitness advantage by expanding the range of target substrates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Desloges, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leclerc, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brannon, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Portt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spencer, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dewar, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marczynski, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manges, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruenheid, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Moual, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomassin, J.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/594564</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification and characterization of OmpT-like proteases in uropathogenic Escherichia coli clinical isolates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/606350v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Virulence Index: A Metric for Quantitative Analysis of Phage Virulence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/606350v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundOne of the main challenges in developing phage therapy and manufacturing phage products is the reliable evaluation of their efficacy, performance and quality. Since phage virulence is intrinsically difficult to fully capture, researchers have turned to rapid but partially inadequate methods for its evaluation.nnMaterials and MethodsThe present study demonstrates a standardized, quantitative method to assess phage virulence based on three parameters: the Virulence Index (VP) - quantifying the virulence of a phage against a host, the local virulence (vi) - assessing killing potential at given MOIs, and MV50 - the MOI at which the phage achieves 50% of its maximum theoretical virulence. This was shown through comparative analysis of the virulence of phages T4, T5 and T7.nnResultsUnder the conditions tested, phage T7 displayed the highest virulence, followed by phage T4 and, finally, phage T5. The impact of parameters such as temperature and medium composition on virulence was shown for each phage. The use of the method to evaluate the virulence of combinations of phages - e.g. for cocktail formulation - is also shown with phages T5 and T7.nnConclusionsThe method presented provides a platform for high-throughput quantitative assessment of phage virulence and quality control of phage products. It can also be applied to phage screening, evaluation of phage strains, phage mutants, infection conditions and/or the susceptibility of host strains, and the formulation of phage cocktails.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Storms, Z. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teel, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mercurio, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sauvageau, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/606350</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Virulence Index: A Metric for Quantitative Analysis of Phage Virulence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/614461v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Engineered Retroviruses as Fluorescent Biological Reference Particles for Nanoscale Flow Cytometry 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/614461v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
There has been renewed interest in the use of flow cytometry for single particle phenotypic analysis of particles in the nanometer size-range such as viruses, organelles, bacteria and extracellular vesicles (EVs). However, many of these particles are smaller than 200 nm in diameter, which places them at the limit of detection for many commercial flow cytometers. The use of reference particles of diameter, fluorescence, and light-scattering properties akin to those of the small biological particles being studied is therefore imperative for accurate and reproducible data acquisition and reporting across different instruments and analytical technologies. We show here that an engineered murine leukemia virus (MLV) can act as a fluorescence reference particle for other small particles such as retroviruses and EVs. More specifically, we show that engineered MLV is a highly monodisperse enveloped particle that can act as a surrogate to demonstrate the various effects of antibody labeling on the physical properties of small biological particles in a similar diameter range.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tang, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fritzsche, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renner, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burger, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lannigan, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brittain, G. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouellet, C. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Pol, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Langlois, M.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/614461</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Engineered Retroviruses as Fluorescent Biological Reference Particles for Nanoscale Flow Cytometry]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/616656v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An in vitro model maintaining taxon-specific functional activities of the gut microbiome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/616656v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The gut microbiome is a new target for therapeutics. In vitro high-throughput culture models could provide time-and-cost saving solutions to discover microbiome responses to drugs. Unfortunately, there has been no report of in vitro models capable of maintaining functional and compositional profiles resembling the in vivo gut microbiome. Here, we developed and validated a high-throughput culturing model named Mipro to maintain individuals microbiomes. The Mipro model quintupled viable bacteria count while maintained the functional and compositional profiles of individuals gut microbiomes. Comparison of taxon-specific functions between pre -and-post culture microbiomes showed Pearsons correlation coefficient r of 0.83 {+/-} 0.03. Moreover, the Mipro model also exhibited a high degree of in vitro - in vivo correlation (Pearsons r of 0.68 {+/-} 0.09) in microbial responses to metformin in mice fed a high-fat diet. Mipro provides a highly simulated gut microbiome for high-throughput investigation of drug-microbiome interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abou-Samra, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ning, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayne, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stintzi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Figeys, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/616656</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An in vitro model maintaining taxon-specific functional activities of the gut microbiome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/624692v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Parsing out the variability of transmission at central synapses using optical quantal analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/624692v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Properties of synaptic release dictates the core of information transfer in neural circuits. Despite decades of technical and theoretical advances, distinguishing bona fide information content from the multiple sources of synaptic variability remains a challenging problem. Here, we employed a combination of computational approaches with cellular electrophysiology, two-photon uncaging of MNI-Glutamate and imaging at single synapses. We describe and calibrate the use of the fluorescent glutamate sensor iGluSnFR and found that its kinetic profile is close to that of AMPA receptors, therefore providing several distinct advantages over slower methods relying on NMDA receptor activation (i.e., chemical or genetically encoded Calcium indicators). Using an array of statistical methods, we further developed, and validated on surrogate data, an expectation-maximization algorithm that, by biophysically constraining release variability, extracts the quantal parameters n (maximum number of released vesicles) and p (unitary probability of release) from single-synapse iGluSnFR-mediated transients. Together, we present a generalizable mathematical formalism which, when applied to optical recordings, paves the way to an increasingly precise investigation of information transfer at central synapses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Soares, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trotter, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Longtin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beïque, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naud, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/624692</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Parsing out the variability of transmission at central synapses using optical quantal analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/625285v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Efficient and robust NK-Cell transduction with Baboon Envelope pseudotyped lentivector: a major tool for immunotherapy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/625285v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
NK-cell resistance to transduction is a major technical hurdle for developing NK-cell immunotherapy. By using Baboon envelope pseudotyped lentiviral vectors (BaEV-LVs) encoding eGFP, we obtained a transduction rate of 23.0{+/-}6.6% in freshly-isolated NK-cells (FI-NK) and 83.4{+/-}10.1% in NK-cells obtained from the NK-cell Activation and Expansion System (NKAES), even at low MOI, with a sustained transgene expression for at least 21 days. BaEV-LVs outperformed Vesicular Stomatitis Virus type-G (VSV-G)-, RD114-and Measles Virus (MV)-pseudotyped LVs (p<0.001). mRNA expression of both BaEV receptors, ASCT1 and ASCT2, was detected in FI-NK and NKAES, with much higher expression in NKAES. Transduction with BaEV-LVs encoding for CAR-CD22 resulted in robust CAR-expression on 44.2%{+/-}14.2% of NKAES cells, which allowed the specific killing of the NK-resistant pre-B-ALL-RS4;11 cell line. Using a larger vector, encoding a dual CD19/CD22-CAR separated by T2A, we were able to transduce and re-expand dual-CAR-expressing NKAES, even with low viral titer. These dual-CAR-NK efficiently and specifically killed both CD19KO-and CD22KO-RS4;11 cells, which may overcome antigen-loss escape in the clinical setting. Our results suggest that BaEV-LVs may efficiently enable NK-cell biological studies and translation of NK-cell-based immunotherapy to the clinic.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Colamartino, A. B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemieux, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bifsha, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicoletti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakravarti, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Remon, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romero, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Selleri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beland, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guiot, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tremblay-Laganiere, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dicaire, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barreiro, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verhoeyen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haddad, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/625285</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Efficient and robust NK-Cell transduction with Baboon Envelope pseudotyped lentivector: a major tool for immunotherapy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/648386v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PP2ACdc55 dephosphorylates Pds1 to inhibit spindle elongation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/648386v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
DNA replication stress stalls replication forks leading to chromosome breakage and Intra-S checkpoint activation. In S. cerevisiae, this checkpoint arrests the cell cycle by stabilizing securin (Pds1) and inhibiting the cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) through multiple pathways. Pds1 inhibits separase (Esp1) which cleaves the cohesin subunit Scc1 and also functions in spindle elongation. However, the role of Pds1-Esp1 in spindle elongation during replication stress response is unknown. Here, we show that Pds1 phosphorylation plays a positive role in spindle elongation through the Pds1-Esp1 interaction in unperturbed and replication stress conditions. PP2ACdc55 directly dephosphorylates Pds1 both in vivo and in vitro. Pds1 hyperphosphorylation in a cdc55{Delta} mutant enhanced the Pds1-Esp1 interaction, which accelerated spindle elongation. This PP2ACdc55-dependent Pds1 dephosphorylation plays a role during replication stress and acts independently of the known Mec1, Swe1 or Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC) checkpoint pathways. We propose a model where PP2ACdc55 dephosphorylates Pds1 to disrupt the Pds1-Esp1 interaction that inhibits spindle elongation during replication stress.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Khondker, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kajjo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandler-Brown, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skotheim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rudner, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ikui, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/648386</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PP2ACdc55 dephosphorylates Pds1 to inhibit spindle elongation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/654285v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Avocado Genome Informs Deep Angiosperm Phylogeny, Highlights Introgressive Hybridization, and Reveals Pathogen Influenced Gene Space Adaptation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/654285v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The avocado, Persea americana, is a fruit crop of immense importance to Mexican agriculture with an increasing demand worldwide. Avocado lies in the anciently-diverged magnoliid clade of angiosperms, which has a controversial phylogenetic position relative to eudicots and monocots. We sequenced the nuclear genomes of the Mexican avocado race, P. americana var. drymifolia, and the most commercially popular hybrid cultivar, Hass, and anchored the latter to chromosomes using a genetic map. Resequencing of Guatemalan and West Indian varieties revealed that [~]39% of the Hass genome represents Guatemalan source regions introgressed into a Mexican race background. Some introgressed blocks are extremely large, consistent with the recent origin of the cultivar. The avocado lineage experienced two lineage-specific polyploidy events during its evolutionary history. Although gene-tree/species-tree phylogenomic results are inconclusive, syntenic ortholog distances to other species place avocado as sister to the enormous monocot and eudicot lineages combined. Duplicate genes descending from polyploidy augmented the transcription factor diversity of avocado, while tandem duplicates enhanced the secondary metabolism of the species. Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, known to be elicited by Colletotrichum (anthracnose) pathogen infection in avocado, is one enriched function among tandems. Furthermore, transcriptome data show that tandem duplicates are significantly up- and down-regulated in response to anthracnose infection, whereas polyploid duplicates are not, supporting the general view that collections of tandem duplicates contribute evolutionarily recent "tuning knobs" in the genome adaptive landscapes of given species.nnSIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAvocado is a nutritious, economically important fruit species that occupies an unresolved position near the earliest evolutionary branchings of flowering plants. Our nuclear genome sequences of Mexican and Hass variety avocados inform ancient evolutionary relationships and genome doublings, the admixed nature of Hass, and provide a look at how pathogen interactions have shaped avocados more recent genomic evolutionary history.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rendon-Anaya, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibarra-Laclette, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendez Bravo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carretero-Paulet, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez-Torres, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chacon-Lopez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez-Guzman, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, T.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farr, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbazuk, W. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chamala, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mutwil, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shivhare, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitter, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayward, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fletcher, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rozas, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez Gracia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuhn, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barrientos-Priego, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salojarvi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Librado, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sankoff, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herrera-Estrella, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albert, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herrera-Estrella, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/654285</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Avocado Genome Informs Deep Angiosperm Phylogeny, Highlights Introgressive Hybridization, and Reveals Pathogen Influenced Gene Space Adaptation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/664565v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The effects of arm swing amplitude and lower-limb asymmetry on gait stability 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/664565v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Changes to arm swing and gait symmetry are symptomatic of several pathological gaits associated with reduced stability. The purpose of this study was to examine the relative contributions of arm swing and gait symmetry towards gait stability. We theorized that actively increasing arm swing would increase gait stability, while asymmetric walking would decrease gait stability. Fifteen healthy, young adults (23.4 {+/-} 2.8 yrs) walked on a split-belt treadmill under symmetric (1.2 m/s) and asymmetric walking (left/right, 5:4 speed ratio) with three different arm swings: held, normal, and active. Trunk local dynamic stability, inter-limb coordination, and spatiotemporal gait variability and symmetry were measured. Active arm swing resulted in improved local trunk stability, increased gait variability, and decreased inter-limb coordination (p < .013). The changes in local trunk stability and gait variability during active arm swing suggests that these metrics quantify fundamentally different aspects of stability and are not always comparable. Split-belt walking caused reduced local trunk stability, increased gait variability, and increased lower limb asymmetry (p < .003). However, the arm swing symmetry was unaffected by gait asymmetry, this suggests that deficits in gait stability in pathological gaits may be linked to increases in gait asymmetry rather than increases in arm swing asymmetry.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hill, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nantel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/664565</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The effects of arm swing amplitude and lower-limb asymmetry on gait stability]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/685669v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Armeniaspirols inhibit the ATP-dependent proteases ClpYQ and ClpXP in Gram-positive bacteria, dysregulating the divisome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/685669v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multi-drug resistant bacteria present an urgent threat to modern medicine, creating a desperate need for the discovery of antibiotics with new modes of action. Natural products whose unique highly diverse structures have been shaped by evolution to possess biologically relevant activity are an ideal discovery ground for new antibiotics with new mechanisms of action. In this study we elucidate the mechanism of action of the Gram-positive antibiotic armeniaspirol, a compound for which resistant bacteria could not be selected for. We show that armeniaspirol inhibits the ATP-dependent proteases ClpXP and ClpYQ in biochemical assays and in the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis. We then show that this activity dysregulates key proteins involved in the divisome and elongasome including FtsZ, DivIVA, and MreB all of which are known to inhibit cell division when upregulated. Inhibition of ClpXP and ClpYQ leading to dysregulation of the divisome and elongasome represents a new mechanism of action and armeniaspirol is the first known natural product inhibitor of the coveted anti-virulence target ClpP. Thus armeniaspirol is the lead compound for a promising new class of antibiotics with a unique pharmacology and a novel mechanism for combating antimicrobial resistance, making it a highly promising candidate for further development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Labana, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dornan, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lafreniere, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Czarny, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pezacki, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boddy, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/685669</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Armeniaspirols inhibit the ATP-dependent proteases ClpYQ and ClpXP in Gram-positive bacteria, dysregulating the divisome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/697847v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Proteins required for vacuolar function are targets of lysine polyphosphorylation in yeast 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/697847v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Polyphosphates (polyP) are long chains of inorganic phosphates that can be attached to lysine residues of target proteins as a non-enzymatic post-translational modification. This modification, termed polyphosphorylation, may be particularly prevalent in bacterial and fungal species that synthesize and store large quantities of polyP. In this study, we applied a proven screening strategy to evaluate the polyphosphorylation status of over 200 candidate targets in the budding yeast S. cerevisiae. We report 8 new polyphosphorylated proteins that interact genetically and physically with a previously identified network of targets implicated in ribosome biogenesis. The expanded target network includes vacuolar proteins Prb1 and Apl5, whose modification with polyP suggests a model for feedback regulation of polyP synthesis, while raising additional questions regarding the location of polyphosphorylation in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McCarthy, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bentley-DeSousa, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Denoncourt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tseng, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabriel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Downey, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/697847</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Proteins required for vacuolar function are targets of lysine polyphosphorylation in yeast]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/700518v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Blue sky’s the limit? Somatic embryogenesis as a means of propagating recalcitrant blue spruce (Picea pungens) cultivar Hoopsii 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/700518v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The  triple-blue cultivar of blue spruce (Picea pungens Hoopsii) is notably recalcitrant towards the realm of traditional vegetative propagation methods. Its ability to naturally proliferate is limited by ovule and embryo abortion during the growing season, leading to low viable seed yield. In this study, we established a protocol using somatic embryogenesis (SE) as a means of propagating this popular ornamental cultivar. We collected cones from Hoopsii trees at seven different timepoints throughout the growing season (mid-June to late July in Ottawa (Plant Hardiness Zone 5A)). Female megagametophytes were harvested following each collection and immature zygotic embryos were plated onto induction media. Early somatic embryos began developing from the embryonic tissue (ET) three to five weeks following induction. The highest ET initiation frequency occurred from embryos collected June 20-July 10, suggesting that developmental stage of the embryo was a significant factor in SE induction. The conversion of mature somatic embryos into plantlets (emblings) was completed in eight-ten weeks at a rate of 92.8%. In this study, we demonstrate that in vitro somatic embryogenesis using our optimized protocol is a fast and prolific method for the mass propagation of Hoopsii blue spruce. This is the first report on the production of somatic Hoopsii emblings.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Demone, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nourimand, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flinn, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Facchin, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prost, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altosaar, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/700518</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Blue sky’s the limit? Somatic embryogenesis as a means of propagating recalcitrant blue spruce (Picea pungens) cultivar Hoopsii]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/700542v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Host defense responses of CO441 and CL30 maize lines to Fusarium graminearum analyzed by comparative label-free quantitative proteomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/700542v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gibberella ear rot is a disease of maize associated with low yields and the production of harmful mycotoxins therein. The disease is caused by the infection of host Zea mays with fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum. Resistant (CO441) and susceptible (CL30) inbred maize line kernels were inoculated with conidial suspensions of F. graminearum or water (controls). Ears of maize (cobs) from each line were harvested upon maturation and proteins were extracted from the embryo tissue of the kernels to study tissue-specific response of the host. Embryo proteins from both CO441 and CL30 lines were sequenced using mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and quantified using Label Free Quantification (LFQ). Following filtering, 509 proteins were identified. These proteins were grouped into nine functional categories: Fusarium-derived, late embryogenesis abundant, oil-body, metabolism, stress, cellular, protein storage, metabolism, and defense. Defense proteins were up-regulated in response to infection in both CO441 and CL30 lines. Furthermore, F. graminearum derived proteins were only found in CL30 infected kernels suggesting that resistance may be attributed in part to the inability of Fusarium to establish itself in the embryo. To our knowledge this is the first successful application of LFQ mass spectrometry to the study of host-pathogen response to F. graminearum.nnBiological significanceFungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum is responsible for billion dollar losses in crops and contamination of global grains with harmful mycotoxins. By studying host-pathogen interactions of Fusarium and maize on a proteomic level with resistant and susceptible genotypes, the biological interactions occurring during infection of the maturing seed were characterized. Mature kernels of the F. graminearum susceptible maize line CL30 and resistant CO441 line were dissected to permit a proteomic survey of the new sporophytic generation, the embryo. Detailed knowledge of this Host-pathogen interactome will assist development of new cereal lines resistant to the rot diseases caused by Fusarium graminearum.nnHighlightsSusceptible (CL30) and Resistant (CO441) lines were injected with water mock or F. graminearum LC-MS/MS of maize embryo protein extracts followed by Label Free Quantification (LFQ) permitted identification, quantification and comparison of proteomes between maize genotypes and treatments Fusarium-derived proteins were abundant only in the susceptible infected embryo Defense proteomes were up-regulated in both lines following infection nsLTP and Protease Inhibitor were significantly over-expressed in the Susceptible line after infection; chitinase and WIP1 were significantly over-expressed in the Resistant line after infection
]]></description>
<dc:creator>El Bilali, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reid, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altosaar, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/700542</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Host defense responses of CO441 and CL30 maize lines to Fusarium graminearum analyzed by comparative label-free quantitative proteomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/705178v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Climate change lowers diversity and functional potential of microbes in Canada’s high Arctic 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/705178v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Temperatures in the Arctic are expected to increase dramatically over the next century, yet little is known about how microbial communities and their underlying metabolic processes will be affected by these environmental changes in freshwater sedimentary systems. To address this knowledge gap, we analyzed sediments from Lake Hazen, NU Canada. Here, we exploit the spatial heterogeneity created by varying runoff regimes across the watershed of this uniquely large lake at these latitudes to test how a transition from low to high runoff, used as one proxy for climate change, affects the community structure and functional potential of dominant microbes. Based on metagenomic analyses of lake sediments along these spatial gradients, we show that increasing runoff leads to a decrease in taxonomic and functional diversity of sediment microbes. Our findings are likely to apply to other, smaller, glacierized watersheds typical of polar or high latitude / high altitudes ecosystems; we can predict that such changes will have far reaching consequences on these ecosystems by affecting nutrient biogeochemical cycling, the direction and magnitude of which are yet to be determined.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Colby, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruuskanen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>St. Pierre, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>St.Louis, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poulain, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aris-Brosou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/705178</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Climate change lowers diversity and functional potential of microbes in Canada’s high Arctic]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/713693v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Arbovirus Vectors of Epidemiological Concern in the Americas: A Scoping Review of Entomological Studies on Zika, Dengue and Chikungunya Virus Vectors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/713693v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThree arthorpod-borne viruses (arboviruses) causing human disease have been the focus of a large number of studies in the Americas since 2013 due to their global spread and epidemiological impacts: Zika, dengue, and chikungunya viruses. A large proportion of infections by these viruses are asymptomatic. However, all three viruses are associated with moderate to severe health consequences in a small proportion of cases. Two mosquito species, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, are among the worlds most prominent arboviral vectors, and are known primary vectors for all three viruses in the Americas.nnObjectivesThis review summarizes the state of the entomological literature surrounding the biology and ecology of vectors of Zika, dengue and chikungunya viruses and factors affecting virus transmission. The rationale of the review was to elucidate consensus and discord between studies, and guide future research based on identified knowledge gaps.nnResultsA total of 196 studies were included in the scoping review after initial screening and subsequent exclusion of out-of-scope studies, secondary data publications, duplicate records, and studies unavailable in English language.nnKey findingsTemperature and humidity have the strongest impact on mosquito distribution and dynamics, development of immatures and arborviral infection rates. Low socioeconomic status and related factors, including poor infrastructure, inconsistent access to water, and high household resident density, have been consistently associated with arbovirus vector occurrence. Effects of interspecific competition on arboviral vector species is currently poorly understood. Vector competence for Zika virus is well established for Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. Information on Zika virus vector transmission dynamics is sparse in contrast to the wealth of research available for dengue and chikungunya viruses.nnConclusionsBased on the internationally recognized urgency of Zika virus infection as a public health concern, further research on arbovirus vectors and transmission dynamics is of pressing need.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jones, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kulkarni, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, T. M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Research Team, R.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Talbot, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beate Sander Camila Gonzalez, Marcos Miretti, Maur,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/713693</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Arbovirus Vectors of Epidemiological Concern in the Americas: A Scoping Review of Entomological Studies on Zika, Dengue and Chikungunya Virus Vectors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/724286v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Origin of Conformational Dynamics in a Globular Protein 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/724286v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein structures are dynamic, undergoing specific motions that can play a vital role in function. However, the link between primary sequence and conformational dynamics remains poorly understood. Here, we studied how conformational dynamics can arise in a globular protein by evaluating the impact of individual substitutions of core residues in DANCER-3, a streptococcal protein G domain {beta}1 (G{beta}1) variant that we previously designed to undergo a specific mode of conformational exchange that has never been observed in the wild-type protein. Using a combination of solution NMR experiments and molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that only two mutations are necessary to create this conformational exchange, and that these mutations work synergistically, with one destabilizing the native G{beta}1 structure and the other allowing two new conformational states to be accessed on the energy landscape. Overall, our results show how conformational dynamics can appear in a stable globular fold, a critical step in the molecular evolution of new dynamics-linked functions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Damry, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayer, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Broom, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goto, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chica, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/724286</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Origin of Conformational Dynamics in a Globular Protein]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/732412v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparing transcriptional dynamics of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/732412v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Epithelial-mesenchymal (E/M) heterogeneity is ubiquitous within all epithelial tissues and the reversible transition between these two states provides cells with plasticity that contributes to organogenesis in the developing embryo, tissue homeostasis in adults, and tumour progression1. While the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been extensively studied, no common, EMT-defining gene expression program has been identified2. Here, we leverage highly multiplexed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to compare the transcriptional program associated with the EMT across a variety of contexts, assessing 103,999 cells from 960 samples, comprising 12 EMT time course experiments and 16 independent kinase inhibitor screens. We demonstrate that the EMT is not simply a linear transition between E/M states, and transcriptional dynamics are widely variable across contexts, regardless of the cell type and cytokine used to induce the transition. While many canonical EMT genes were poor markers of the transition in our models, we identified 86 conserved mesenchymal-associated genes also coexpressed in a variety of mouse and human epithelial and carcinoma tissues. Despite the heterogeneous transcriptional responses, we identified a core set of largely conserved transcription factors coordinating these dynamics, including RELB and SOX4. Finally, we found that the EMT is associated with a broad increase in expression of secreted factors. Kinase inhibitor screens revealed multiple paracrine dependencies of the EMT, including a novel association between TGFB1 and the TNF-associated kinase RIPK1. Together, these results comprehensively highlight the complexity and diversity of the EMT, but also reveal dynamics conserved across contexts. This work will provide the foundation for understanding the nature of E/M heterogeneity and its functional consequences, which could elucidate various physiological processes and be leveraged for cancer treatments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cook, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vanderhyden, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/732412</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparing transcriptional dynamics of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/738427v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An alternative AUG codon that produces an N-terminally extended form of the influenza A virus NP is a virulence factor for a swine-derived virus. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/738427v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The 2009 influenza A virus (IAV) pandemic (pdm2009) was caused by a swine H1N1 virus with several atypical genetic features. Here, we investigate the origin and significance of an upstream AUG (uAUG) codon in the 5-untranslated region of the NP gene. Phylogeny indicated that the uAUG codon arose in the classical swine IAV lineage in the mid 20th Century, and has become fixed in the current triple reassortant, variant pdm2009 swine IAV and human pdm2009 lineages. Functionally, it supports leaky ribosomal initiation in vitro and in vivo to produce two isoforms of NP: canonical, and a longer "eNP". The uAUG codon had little effect on viral gene expression or replication in vitro. However, in both murine and porcine models of IAV infection, removing the uAUG codon gene attenuated pdm2009 virus pathogenicity. Thus, the NP uAUG codon is a virulence factor for swine IAVs with proven zoonotic ability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wise, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaunt, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ping, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holzer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jasim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lycett, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Livesey, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morgan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kudryavtseva, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beard, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen-Van-Tam, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salguero, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tchilian, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dutia, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Digard, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/738427</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An alternative AUG codon that produces an N-terminally extended form of the influenza A virus NP is a virulence factor for a swine-derived virus.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/743195v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A transient amphipathic helix in the PCSK9 prodomain facilitates low-density lipoprotein binding 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/743195v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9 (PCSK9) is a ligand of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) that promotes LDLR degradation in late endosomes/lysosomes. In human plasma, 30-40% of PCSK9 is bound to LDL particles; however, the physiological significance of this interaction remains unknown. LDL binding in vitro requires a disordered N-terminal region in PCSK9s prodomain. Here we report that peptides corresponding to a predicted amphipathic -helix in the prodomain N-terminus adopted helical structure in a membrane-mimetic environment; this effect was greatly enhanced by an R46L substitution representing an athero-protective PCSK9 loss-of-function mutation. A helix-disrupting proline substitution within the putative -helical motif in full-length PCSK9 lowered LDL binding affinity >5-fold. Modeling studies suggested the transient -helix aligns multiple polar residues to interact with positive-charged residues in the C-terminal domain. Gain-of-function PCSK9 mutations associated with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and clustered at the predicted interdomain interface (R469W, R496W, F515L) inhibited LDL binding, which was abolished for the R496W variant. These studies inform on allosteric conformational changes in PCSK9 required for high-affinity binding to LDL particles. Moreover, we report the initial identification of FH-associated mutations that diminish the ability of PCSK9 to bind LDL, supporting that LDL association in the circulation inhibits PCSK9 activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sarkar, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foo, A. C. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matyas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kosenko, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goto, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vergara-Jaque, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lagace, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/743195</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A transient amphipathic helix in the PCSK9 prodomain facilitates low-density lipoprotein binding]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/745620v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Seasonal Effects of Environmental Change on Yellow-Bellied Marmot Population Dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/745620v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Natural populations are exposed to seasonal variation in environmental factors that simultaneously affect several demographic rates (survival, development, reproduction). The resulting covariation in these rates determines population dynamics, but accounting for its numerous biotic and abiotic drivers is a significant challenge. Here, we use a factor-analytic approach to capture partially unobserved drivers of seasonal population dynamics. We use 40 years of individual-based demography from yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventer) to fit and project population models that account for seasonal demographic covariation using a latent variable. We show that this latent variable, by producing positive covariation among winter demographic rates, depicts a measure of environmental quality. Simultaneous, negative responses of winter survival and reproductive-status change to declining environmental quality result in a higher risk of population quasi-extinction, regardless of summer demography where recruitment takes place. We demonstrate how complex environmental processes can be summarized to understand population persistence in seasonal environments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Paniw, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Childs, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armitage, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blumstein, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozgul, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/745620</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Seasonal Effects of Environmental Change on Yellow-Bellied Marmot Population Dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/746271v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
β11-12 linker isomerization governs Acid-sensing ion channel desensitization and recovery 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/746271v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are neuronal sodium-selective channels activated by reductions in extracellular pH. Structures of the three presumptive functional states, high-pH resting, low-pH desensitized, and toxin-stabilized open, have all been solved for chicken ASIC1. These structures, along with prior functional data, suggest that the isomerization or flipping of the {beta}11-12 linker in the extracellular, ligand-binding domain is an integral component of the desensitization process. To test this, we combined fast perfusion electrophysiology, molecular dynamics simulations and state-dependent non-canonical amino acid cross-linking. We find that both desensitization and recovery can be accelerated by orders of magnitude by mutating resides in this linker or the surrounding region. Furthermore, desensitization can be suppressed by trapping the linker in the resting state, indicating that isomerization of the {beta}11-12 linker is not merely a consequence of, but a necessity for the desensitization process in ASICs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rook, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williamson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lueck, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Musgaard, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maclean, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/746271</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[β11-12 linker isomerization governs Acid-sensing ion channel desensitization and recovery]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/746388v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Atrous Convolution with transfer learning for Skin Lesions Classification 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/746388v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Skin cancer is a crucial public health issue and by far the most usual kind of cancer specifically in the region of North America. It is estimated that in 2019, only because of melanoma nearly 7,230 people will die, and 192,310 cases of malignant melanoma will be diagnosed. Nonetheless, nearly all types of skin lesions can be treatable if they can be diagnosed at an earlier stage. The accurate prediction of skin lesions is a critically challenging task even for vastly experienced clinicians and dermatologist due to a little distinction between surrounding skin and lesions, visual resemblance between melanoma and other skin lesions, fuddled lesion border, etc. A well-grounded automated computer-aided skin lesions detection system can help clinicians immensely to prognosis malignant skin lesion in the earliest possible time. From the past few years, the emergence of machine learning and deep learning in the medical imaging has produced several image-based classification systems in the medical field and these systems perform better than traditional image processing classification methods. In this paper, we proposed a popular deep learning technique namely atrous or, dilated convolution for skin lesions classification, which is known to have enhanced accuracy with the same amount of computational cost compared to traditional CNN. To implement atrous convolution we choose the transfer learning technique with several popular deep learning architectures such as VGG16, VGG19, MobileNet, and InceptionV3. To train, validate, and test our proposed models we utilize HAM10000 dataset which contains total 10015 dermoscopic images of seven different skin lesions (melanoma, melanocytic nevi, Basal cell carcinoma, Benign keratosis-like lesions, Dermatofibroma, Vascular lesions, and Actinic keratoses). Four of our proposed dilated convolutional frameworks show promising outcome on overall accuracy and per-class accuracy. For example, overall test accuracy achieved 87.42%, 85.02%, 88.22%, and 89.81% on dilated VGG16, dilated VGG19, dilated MobileNet, and dilated IncaptionV3 respectively. These dilated convolutional models outperformed existing networks in both overall accuracy and individual class accuracy. Among all the architectures dilated InceptionV3 shows superior classification accuracy and dilated MobileNet is also achieving almost impressive classification accuracy like dilated InceptionV3 with the lightest computational complexities than all other proposed model. Compared to previous works done on skin lesions classification we have experimented one of the most complicated open-source datasets with class imbalances and achieved better accuracy (dilated inceptionv3) than any known methods to the best of our knowledge.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ratul, M. A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mozaffari, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parimbelli, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/746388</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Atrous Convolution with transfer learning for Skin Lesions Classification]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/746644v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Loss of MLKL Decreases Necrotic Core but Increases Macrophage Lipid Accumulation In Atherosclerosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/746644v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectivesDuring the advancement of atherosclerosis, the cellularity of the plaque is governed by the influx of monocyte-derived macrophages and their turnover via apoptotic and non-apoptotic forms of cell death. Previous reports have demonstrated that programmed necrosis, or necroptosis, of macrophages within the plaque contribute to necrotic core formation. Knockdown or inhibition of the necrosome components RIPK1 and RIPK3 slow the progression of atherosclerosis, and activation of the terminal step of necroptosis, MLKL, has been demonstrated in advanced human atherosclerotic plaques. However, whether MLKL directly contributes to lesion development and necrotic core formation has not been investigated.nnApproaches and ResultsMLKL expression was knocked down in atherogenic Apoe- knockout mice via subcutaneous administration of antisense oligonucleotides (ASO). During advanced atherogenesis, Mlkl knockdown potently reduced cell death in the plaque, with a significant reduction in the necrotic core. However, total lesion area in the aortic sinus remained unchanged. Furthermore, treatment with the MLKL ASO unexpectedly reduced circulating cholesterol levels compared to control ASO, while staining for lipids within the plaque was significantly increased. Peritoneal macrophages transfected with the MLKL ASO showed increased lipid loading upon incubation with modified cholesterol-rich lipoproteins. In lipid-loaded macrophages, MLKL co-localized with Rab7, a marker of the late endosome.nnConclusionsThese studies confirm the requirement for MLKL as the executioner of necroptosis, and as such a significant contributor to the necrotic core during atherogenesis. We also identified a previously unknown role for MLKL in interacting with endosomal trafficking components to regulate lipid uptake in macrophages during atherogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rasheed, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robichaud, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, M.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geoffrion, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cottee, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dennison, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pietrangelo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouimet, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rayner, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/746644</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Loss of MLKL Decreases Necrotic Core but Increases Macrophage Lipid Accumulation In Atherosclerosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/746750v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fatty acid-induced lipotoxicity inhibits choline metabolism independent of ER stress in mouse primary hepatocytes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/746750v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Choline is an essential nutrient that is critical component of the membrane phospholipid phosphatidylcholine (PC), the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and the methylation pathway. In the liver specifically, PC is the major membrane constituent and can be synthesized by the CDP-choline or the phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) N-methyltransferase (PEMT) pathway. With the continuing global rise in the rates of obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, we sought to explore how excess fatty acids (FA), typical of an obesity and hepatic steatosis, affect choline uptake and metabolism in primary hepatocytes. Our results demonstrate that hepatocytes chronically treated with palmitate, but not oleate or a mixture, had decreased choline uptake, which was associated with lower choline incorporation into PC and lower expression of choline transport proteins. Interestingly, a reduction in the rate of degradation spared PC levels in response to palmitate when compared to control. PE synthesis was slightly diminished; however, no compensatory changes in the PEMT pathway were observed. We next hypothesized that ER stress may be a potential mechanism by which palmitate treatment diminished choline. However, when we exposed primary hepatocytes to the common ER stress inducing compound tunicamycin, choline uptake, contrary to our expectation was augmented, concomitant with the transcript expression of choline transporters. Moreover, tunicamycin-induced ER stress divorced the observed increase in choline uptake from CDP-choline pathway flux since ER stress significantly diminished the incorporation and total PC content, similar to PE. Conclusion: Therefore, our results suggest that the altered FA milieu seen in obesity and fatty liver disease progression may adversely affect choline metabolism, but that compensatory mechanisms work to maintain phospholipid homeostasis.nnnnO_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=175 SRC="FIGDIR/small/746750v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">nView larger version (42K):norg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1090f2aorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1c28eedorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@35a80eorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@ac5a53_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>O'Dwyer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yaworski, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LeBlond, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghorbani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nunes, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Margison, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gobeil Odai, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fullerton, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/746750</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fatty acid-induced lipotoxicity inhibits choline metabolism independent of ER stress in mouse primary hepatocytes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/746776v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In vitro hepatitis C virus infection and hepatic choline metabolism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/746776v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Choline is an essential nutrient required for normal neuronal and muscular development, as well as homeostatic regulation of hepatic metabolism. In the liver, choline is incorporated into the main eukaryotic phospholipid, phosphatidylcholine (PC) and can enter one carbon metabolism via mitochondrial oxidation. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a hepatotropic positive-strand RNA virus that similar to other positive-strand RNA viruses can impact phospholipid metabolism. In the current study we sought to interrogate the link between choline transport and early HCV infection. Namely, we aimed to investigate how HCV modulates markers of choline metabolism following in vitro infection, while subsequently assessing how the inhibition of choline uptake and metabolism upon concurrent HCV infection may alter early viral replication. Finally, we assessed whether these parameters were consistent between cells cultured in fetal bovine serum (FBS) or human serum (HS), conditions known to differentially affect in vitro HCV infection. We observed that choline transport in FBS-cultured Huh7.5 cells is facilitated by the intermediate affinity transporter choline transporter-like family (CTL), and that CTL1 expression and the incorporation of choline into PC is diminished in 24 h infected FBS-cultured cells. Reciprocally, limiting the availability of choline for PC synthesis resulted in increased HCV replication at this early stage. In chronically HS-cultured Huh7.5 cells, there were no differences in the expression of choline transporters upon HCV infection or alterations to viral replication when choline transport was inhibited compared to control treatments. However, inhibiting choline uptake and metabolism in this system significantly impaired the production of infectious virions in HS-cultured cells. These results suggest that in addition to a known role of choline kinase, the transport of choline, potentially via CTL1, might also represent an important and regulated process during HCV infection.nnnnO_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=107 SRC="FIGDIR/small/746776v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">nView larger version (56K):norg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@133a652org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1ec8fa8org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1cb7626org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@b9bbc2_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gobeil Odai, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Dwyer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steenbergen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaw, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renner, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghorbani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rezaaifar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Langlois, M.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crawley, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russell, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pezacki, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tyrrell, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fullerton, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/746776</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In vitro hepatitis C virus infection and hepatic choline metabolism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/746784v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Characterization of LXR-activating nanoparticle formulations in primary mouse macrophages 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/746784v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Activation of the transcription factor liver X receptor (LXR), has shown to be efficient at curbing aberrant lipid metabolism and inflammation. While small molecule delivery via nanomedicine has promising applications for a number of chronic diseases, there remain questions as to how nanoparticle formulation might be tailored to suit different tissue microenvironments and aid in drug delivery. In the current study, we compared the drug delivery capability of three nanoparticle (NP) formulations encapsulating the LXR activator, GW-3956. We observed little difference in the base characteristics of standard PLGA-PEG NP when compared to two redox-active polymeric NP formulations (DD and DB). Moreover, we also observed similar uptake of these NP into primary mouse macrophages. After an initial acute uptake period and using the transcript and protein expression of the cholesterol efflux protein ATP binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) as a readout, we determined that while the induction of transcript expression was similar between NPs, treatment with the redox-sensitive DB formulation resulted in a higher level of ABCA1 protein 24 h after the removal of the drug-containing NPs. Our results suggest that NP formulations responsive to cellular cues may be an effective tool for targeted and disease-specific drug release.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Smith, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kahiel, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LeBlond, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghorbani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farah, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cote, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gadde, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fullerton, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/746784</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Characterization of LXR-activating nanoparticle formulations in primary mouse macrophages]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/753996v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microbiome-wide characterization of post-translational modifications 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/753996v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Studying the structure and function of microbiomes is an emerging research field. Metaproteomic approaches focusing on the characterization of expressed proteins and post-translational modifications (PTMs) provide a deeper understanding of microbial communities. Previous research has highlighted the value of examining microbiome-wide protein expression in studying the roles of the microbiome in human diseases. Nevertheless, the regulation of protein functions in complex microbiomes remains under-explored. This is mainly due to the lack of efficient bioinformatics tools to identify and quantify PTMs in the microbiome. We have developed a comprehensive software termed MetaLab for the data analysis of metaproteomic datasets. Here we build an open search workflow within MetaLab for unbiased identification and quantification of PTMs from microbiome samples. This bioinformatics platform provides information about proteins, PTMs, taxa, functions, and pathways of microbial communities. The performance of the workflow was evaluated using conventional proteomics, metaproteomics from mouse and human gut microbiomes, and modification-specific enriched datasets. Superior accuracy and sensitivity were obtained simultaneously by using our method comparing with the traditional closed search strategy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cheng, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ning, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayne, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Figeys, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/753996</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microbiome-wide characterization of post-translational modifications]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/755272v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nucleosome positioning sequence patterns as packing or regulatory 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/755272v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nucleosome positioning DNA sequence patterns (NPS) - usually distributions of particular dinucleotides or other sequence elements in nucleosomal DNA - at least partially determine chromatin structure and arrangements of nucleosomes that in turn affect gene expression. Statistically, NPS are defined as oscillations of the dinucleotide periodicity with about 10 base pairs (bp) which reflects the double helix period. We compared the nucleosomal DNA patterns in mouse, human and yeast organisms and observed few distinctive patterns that can be termed as packing and regulatory referring to distinctive modes of chromatin function. For the first time the NPS patterns in nucleus accumbens cells (NAC) in mouse brain were characterized and compared to the patterns in human CD4+ and apoptotic lymphocyte cells and well studied patterns in yeast. The NPS patterns in human CD4+ cells and mouse brain cells had very high positive correlation. However, there was no correlation between them and patterns in human apoptotic lymphocyte cells and yeast, but the latter two were highly correlated with each other. By their dinucleotide arrangements the analyzed NPS patterns classified into stable canonical WW/SS (W=A or T and S=C or G dinucleotide) and less stable RR/YY (R=A or G and Y =C or T dinucleotide) patterns and anti-patterns In the anti-patterns positioning of the dinucleotides is flipped compared to those in the regular patterns. Stable canonical WW/SS patterns and anti-patterns are ubiquitously observed in many organisms and they had high resemblance between yeast and human apoptotic cells. Less stable RR/YY patterns had higher positive correlation between mouse and normal human cells. Our analysis and evidence from scientific literature lead to idea that various distinct patterns in nucleosomal DNA can be related to the two roles of the chromatin: packing (WW/SS) and regulatory (RR/YY and "anti").nnAuthor summaryPrecise positioning of nucleosomes on DNA sequence is essential for gene regulatory processes. Two main classes of nucleosome positioning sequence (NPS) patterns with a periodicity of 10bp for their sequence elements were previously described. In the 1st class AA,TT and other WW dinucleotides (W= A or T) tend to occur together in the major groove of DNA closest to the histone octamer, while SS dinucleotides (S= G or C) are primarily positioned in the major groove facing outward. In the 2nd class AA and TT are structurally separated (AA backbone near the histone octamer, and TT backbone further away), but grouped with other RR (R is purine A or G) and YY (Y is pyrimidine C or T) dinucleotides. In [8] we also described novel anti-NPS patterns, inverse to the conventional NPS patterns: WW runs inverse to SS, RR inverse to YY. We demonstrated that Yeast nucleosomes in promoters show higher correlation to the RR/YY pattern whereas novel anti-NPS patterns are viable for nucleosomes in the promoters of stress associated genes related to active chromatin remodeling. In the present study we attribute different functions to various NPS patterns: packing function to WW/SS and regulatory - to RR/YY and anti-NPS patterns.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pranckeviciene, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hosid, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ioshikhes, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/755272</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nucleosome positioning sequence patterns as packing or regulatory]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/758540v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An analysis of intrinsic base substitution patterns in diverse species reveals connections to cancer and metabolism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/758540v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Analyses of large-scale sequencing data reveal that mutagenic processes create distinctive patterns of base substitutions, called mutational signatures. Here, we analyzed substitution patterns from seven model species and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 42 species, totalling >1.9 billion variants. We found that the base substitution patterns for many species most closely match mutational signature 5 in cancers. Signature 5 is also ubiquitous in cancers and normal human cells, suggesting similar patterns of mutation across species are likely due to conserved biochemistry. Finally, we present evidence from yeast that sugar metabolism is directly linked to this form of DNA damage. We propose that conserved metabolic processes in cells are coupled to continuous generation of mutations, which are acted upon by genetic selection to drive the evolution of species, and cancers.

One Sentence SummaryEnergy metabolism produces DNA damage leading to similar patterns of base substitutions in many species and in human cancers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doherty, K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alasmar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/758540</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An analysis of intrinsic base substitution patterns in diverse species reveals connections to cancer and metabolism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/762476v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Long-term metabolic consequences of acute dioxin exposure differ between male and female mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/762476v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Exposure to environmental pollutants is consistently associated with increased diabetes risk in humans. In male mice, acute dioxin (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin; TCDD) exposure supresses insulin secretion. This study investigated the long-term effects of a single TCDD injection (20 {micro}g/kg) on glucose metabolism and beta cell function in male and female mice. TCDD-exposed males displayed modest fasting hypoglycemia for [~]4 weeks post-injection, reduced fasting insulin levels for up to 6 weeks, increased insulin sensitivity, and decreased beta cell area. TCDD-exposed females also had long-term suppressed basal plasma insulin levels, and abnormal insulin secretion for up to 6 weeks. Unlike males, TCDD did not impact insulin sensitivity or beta cell area in females, but did cause transient glucose intolerance 4 weeks post-exposure. Our results show that a single exposure to dioxin can supress basal insulin levels long-term in both sexes, but effects on metabolism are sex-dependent.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hoyeck, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blair, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibrahim, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solanki, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elsawy, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prakash, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rick, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matteo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Dwyer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruin, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/762476</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Long-term metabolic consequences of acute dioxin exposure differ between male and female mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/766758v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Learning long temporal sequences in spiking networks by multiplexing neural oscillations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/766758v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many cognitive and behavioral tasks - such as interval timing, spatial navigation, motor control and speech - require the execution of precisely-timed sequences of neural activation that cannot be fully explained by a succession of external stimuli. We show how repeatable and reliable patterns of spatiotemporal activity can be generated in chaotic and noisy spiking recurrent neural networks. We propose a general solution for networks to autonomously produce rich patterns of activity by providing a multi-periodic oscillatory signal as input. We show that the model accurately learns a variety of tasks, including speech generation, motor control and spatial navigation. Further, the model performs temporal rescaling of natural spoken words and exhibits sequential neural activity commonly found in experimental data involving temporal processing. In the context of spatial navigation, the model learns and replays compressed sequences of place cells and captures features of neural activity such as the emergence of ripples and theta phase precession. Together, our findings suggest that combining oscillatory neuronal inputs with different frequencies provides a key mechanism to generate precisely timed sequences of activity in recurrent circuits of the brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vincent-Lamarre, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calderini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thivierge, J.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/766758</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Learning long temporal sequences in spiking networks by multiplexing neural oscillations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/768630v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Plasmid transmitted small multidrug resistant (SMR) efflux pumps differ in gene regulation and enhance tolerance to quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) when grown as biofilms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/768630v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Small multidrug resistance (SMR) efflux pump genes are commonly identified from integrons carried by multidrug-resistant (MDR) plasmids. SMR pumps are annotated as  qac for their ability to confer resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) but few qac are characterized to date. Hence, we have examined SMR sequence diversity, antimicrobial susceptibility, and gene expression from >500 sequenced proteobacterial plasmids. SMR sequence diversity from plasmid database surveys identified 20 unique SMR sequences annotated as qacE/E{Delta}1/F/G/H/I/L, or sugE. Phylogenetic analysis shows  Qac sequences are homologous to archetypical SMR member EmrE, and share a single sequence origin. In contrast, SugE sequences are homologous to archetypical member Gdx/SugE and likely originate from different species. SMR genes, qacE, qacE{Delta}1, qacF, qacG, qacH, and sugE(p), were over-expressed in Escherichia coli to determine their QAC antimicrobial susceptibility as planktonic, colony, and biofilms. SMRs (except qacE{Delta}1/sugE) expressed in biofilms significantly increased its QAC tolerance as compared to planktonic and colony growth. Analysis of upstream SMR nucleotide regions indicate sugE(p) genes are regulated by type II guanidinium riboswitches, whereas qacE and qacE{Delta}1 have a conserved class I integron Pq promoter, and qacF/G/H are regulated by integron Pc promoter in variable cassettes region. Beta-galactosidase assays were used to characterize growth conditions regulating Pq and Pc promoters and revealed that Pq and Pc have different expression profiles during heat, peroxide, and QAC exposure. Altogether, this study reveals that biofilm growth methods are optimal for SMR-mediated QAC susceptibility testing and suggests SMR gene regulation on plasmids is similar to chromosomally inherited SMR members.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Slipski, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jamieson, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lam, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leung Shing, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bell, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhanel, G. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bay, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/768630</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Plasmid transmitted small multidrug resistant (SMR) efflux pumps differ in gene regulation and enhance tolerance to quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) when grown as biofilms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/770487v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanotransduction of strain regulates an invasive phenotype in newly transformed epithelial cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/770487v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Our organs and tissues are in constant motion, exposing epithelial cells to mechanical stretch. However, how these external forces impact cellular morphology, organization and dynamics in healthy and diseased tissues is still being elucidated. In several studies, we and others have shown how mechanical stresses and strains in the epithelium can modulate the dynamics and invasiveness of transformed cells. Carcinoma, the most common type of cancer, develops in the sheets of cells forming the epithelium and lining our organs and cavities. It usually begins with the transformation of a single cell via the activation of oncogenes such as Ras. Here, we show in a model system how mechanical stretch in epithelial sheets results in a more invasive phenotype in transformed cells.

Cyclic strain prevents the formation of strong circumferential belts of actin in RasV12 cells and greatly promoting the formation of RasV12 protrusions, typical of a more invasive phenotype. We also show that RasV12 and wild type MDCK cells possess distinct sensitivity to strain. External forces remodel their actin cytoskeletons and adhesion complexes differently, resulting in a more invasive system dynamic. Our work demonstrates that the Rho-ROCK mechanotransduction pathway is involved in regulating a mechanically-induced switch to a more invasive phenotype. In a mechanically dynamic microenvironment, transformed cells exhibit drastically different cellular dynamics and movements when compared to static conditions. They grow larger invasive protrusions, potentially making them harder to be eliminated from healthy tissues. The insights gained in this study reveal the complex dynamics at play in healthy and transformed epithelial cells which are found in a mechanically active microenvironment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chagnon-Lessard, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jean-Ruel, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pelling, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/770487</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanotransduction of strain regulates an invasive phenotype in newly transformed epithelial cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/772483v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deep characterization of the protein lysine acetylation in human gut microbiome and its alterations in patients with Crohn’s disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/772483v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metagenomic and metaproteomic approaches have been used to study the composition and functions of the microbiota. However, no studies have examined post-translational modifications (PTM) on human microbiome proteins at the metaproteome level, and it remains unknown whether the microbial PTM is altered or not in patient microbiome. Herein we used anti-acetyl-lysine (Kac) antibody enrichment strategy and mass spectrometry to characterize the protein lysine acetylation in human microbiome, which successfully identified 35,200 Kac peptides corresponding to 31,821 Kac sites from the microbial or host proteins in human gut microbiome samples. The gut microbial proteins exhibited Kac motifs that were distinct from those of human proteins. Functional analysis showed that microbial Kac proteins were significantly enriched in energy production and abundant in enzymes related to transferases and oxidoreductases. Applying to the analysis of pediatric Crohns disease (CD) patient microbiome identified 52 host and 136 microbial protein Kac sites that were differentially abundant in CD versus controls. Interestingly, most of the decreased Kac sites in CD were derived from Firmicutes and most of the increased sites were derived from Bacteroidetes. Forty-six out of the 52 differentially abundant human protein Kac sites were increased in CD patients, including those on calprotectin, lactotransferrin and immunoglobulins. Taken together, this study provides an efficient approach to study the lysine acetylation in microbiome and revealed taxon-specific alterations in the lysine acetylome as well as changes in host protein acetylation levels in intestinal samples during the on-set of disease in CD patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ning, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayne, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deeke, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farnsworth, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stokes, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mack, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stintzi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Figeys, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/772483</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deep characterization of the protein lysine acetylation in human gut microbiome and its alterations in patients with Crohn’s disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/776005v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DJ-1 (Park7) affects the gut microbiome, metabolites, and development of Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILCs) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/776005v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The proper communication between gut and brain is pivotal for maintenance of health and dysregulation of the gut-brain axis can lead to several clinical disorders. Also, in Parkinsons disease (PD) 85% of all patients experienced constipation long before showing any signs of motor phenotypes. For differential diagnosis and when it comes to preventive treatment there is an urgent need for the identification of biomarkers indicating early disease stages long before the disease phenotype manifests. DJ-1 is a chaperon protein involved in the protection against PD and genetic mutations in this protein have been shown to cause familial PD. However, how the deficiency of DJ-1 modifies the PD risk remains incompletely understood. In the present study we provide evidence that DJ-1 is implicated in shaping the gut microbiome including their metabolite production or innate immune cells (ILCs) development. We revealed that in 4 months old mice genetic deficiency of DJ-1 leads to significantly decrease in several bacterial genera and significantly increase in two specific genera, namely Alistipes and Rikenella. DJ-1 deficient mice have a higher production of calprotectin/MCP-1 inflammatory protein - a known protein involved in colonic inflammation - and significantly higher expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) than control littermates. Expression of a-Synuclein, a key protein in Lewy bodies, in the colon was not significantly different between genotypes. Metabolic profiles of feces extracts analysed by H1-NMR spectroscopy showed increased short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and decreased amino acid levels, suggesting a general switch from protein towards fibre degrading strains in DJ-1 deficient mice. We observed that Malonate - which is known to influence the immune system - has significantly higher concentrations in DJ-1 deficient mice. Moreover, DJ-1 deficient mice have high levels of the phenol derivate 3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid (3-HPPA) which is a breakdown product of aromatic substrates like tyrosine, phenylalanine and polyphenols. DJ-1 deficient mice also showed significantly reduced percentage of ILCs. Thus, our data suggests that absence of DJ-1 leads to increase in gut inflammatory bacteria composition, deregulated metabolites and dysregulated innate immunity which could be a key factor in the initiation of PD disease in the gut, and potentially also in brain during disease progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Singh, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trautwein, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dhariwal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salker, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alauddin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zizmare, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pelzl, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matthes, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casadei, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Föller, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pachauri, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mak, T. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frick, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallweiner, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brucker, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riess, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/776005</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DJ-1 (Park7) affects the gut microbiome, metabolites, and development of Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILCs)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/780312v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural and mechanical remodeling of the cytoskeleton studied in 3D microtissues under acute dynamic stretch 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/780312v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
When stretched, cells cultured on 2D substrates share a universal softening and fluidization response that arises from poorly understood remodeling of well-conserved cytoskeletal elements. It is known, however, that the structure and distribution of the cytoskeleton is profoundly influenced by the dimensionality of a cells environment. Therefore, in this study we aimed to determine whether cells cultured in a 3D matrix share this softening behavior and to link it to cytoskeletal remodeling. To achieve this, we developed a high-throughput approach to measure the dynamic mechanical properties of cells and allow for sub-cellular imaging within physiologically relevant 3D microtissues. We found that fibroblast, smooth muscle and skeletal muscle microtissues strain softened but did not fluidize, and upon loading cessation, they regained their initial mechanical properties. Furthermore, microtissue prestress decreased with the strain amplitude to maintain a constant mean tension. This adaptation under an auxotonic condition resulted in lengthening. A filamentous actin cytoskeleton was required, and responses were mirrored by changes to actin remodeling rates and visual evidence of stretch-induced actin depolymerization. Our new approach for assessing cell mechanics has linked behaviors seen in 2D cultures to a 3D matrix, and connected remodeling of the cytoskeleton to homeostatic mechanical regulation of tissues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Walker, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rizzuto, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pelling, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/780312</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural and mechanical remodeling of the cytoskeleton studied in 3D microtissues under acute dynamic stretch]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/781898v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A synthetic likelihood solution to the silent synapse estimation problem 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/781898v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Functional features of populations of synapses are typically inferred from random electrophysiological sampling of small subsets of synapses. Are these samples unbiased? Here, we developed a biophysically constrained statistical framework for addressing this question and applied it to assess the performance of a widely used method based on a failure-rate analysis to quantify the occurrence of silent (AMPAR-lacking) synapses in neural networks. We simulated this method in silico and found that it is characterized by strong and systematic biases, poor reliability and weak statistical power. Key conclusions were validated by whole-cell recordings from hippocampal neurons. To address these shortcomings, we developed a simulator of the experimental protocol and used it to compute a synthetic likelihood. By maximizing the likelihood, we inferred silent synapse fraction with no bias, low variance and superior statistical power over alternatives. Together, this generalizable approach highlights how a simulator of experimental methodologies can substantially improve the estimation of physiological properties.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lynn, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, K. F. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soares, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naud, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beique, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/781898</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A synthetic likelihood solution to the silent synapse estimation problem]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/796961v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Light scatter and fluorescence calibration allow standard comparisons of small particle data between different instruments. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/796961v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Flow cytometers have been utilized for the analysis of submicron-sized particles since the late 1970s. Initially, virus analyses preceded extracellular vesicle (EV), which began in the 1990s. Despite decades of documented use, the lack of standardization in data reporting has resulted in a growing body of literature that cannot be easily interpreted, validated, or reproduced. This has made it difficult for objective assessments of both assays and instruments, in-turn leading to significant hindrances in scientific progress, specifically in the study of EVs, where the phenotypic analysis of these submicron-sized vesicles is becoming common-place in every biomedical field. Methods for fluorescence and light scatter standardization are well established and the reagents to perform these analyses are commercially available. However, fluorescence and light scatter calibration are not widely adopted by the small particle community as methods to standardize flow cytometry data. In this proof-of-concept study carried out as a resource for use at the CYTO2019 workshop, we demonstrate for the first-time simultaneous fluorescence and light scatter calibration of small particle data to show the ease and feasibility of this method for standardized flow cytometry data reporting. This data was acquired using standard configuration commercial flow cytometers, with commercially available materials, published methods, and freely available software tools. We show that application of light scatter, fluorescence, and concentration calibration can result in highly concordant data between flow cytometry platforms independent of instrument collection angle, gain/voltage settings, and flow rate; thus, providing a means of cross-comparison in standard units.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Welsh, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/796961</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Light scatter and fluorescence calibration allow standard comparisons of small particle data between different instruments.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/803262v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gender-specific pathophysiological mGluR5-dependent Aβ oligomer signaling in Alzheimer mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/803262v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sex is a key modifier of the prevalence and progression of Alzheimers disease (AD). {beta}- Amyloid (A{beta}) deposition is a pathological hallmark of AD and aberrant activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) by A{beta} has been linked to AD progression. We find that mGluR5 exhibits distinct sex-dependent pharmacological profiles. Specifically, endogenous mGluR5 from male mouse cortex and hippocampus binds with high-affinity to A{beta} oligomers whereas, female mGluR5 exhibits no affinity to A{beta} oligomers. The binding affinity of mGluR5 to A{beta} oligomer is dependent on its interaction with cellular prion protein (PrPC) as mGluR5 co-immunoprecipitates with PrPC from male, but not female, mouse brain. A{beta} oligomers also bind with high-affinity to human mGluR5 in male, but not female, cortex. The mGluR5/A{beta} oligomer/PrPC ternary complex is essential to elicit mGluR5-dependent pathological signaling and as a consequence mGluR5-regulated GSK3{beta}/ZBTB16 autophagic signaling is dysregulated in male, but not female, primary neuronal cultures. These sex-specific differences in mGluR5 signaling translate into in vivo differences in mGluR5-dependent pathological signaling between male and female AD mice. We show that the chronic inhibition of mGluR5 using a mGluR5-selective negative allosteric modulator reactivates GSK3{beta}/ZBTB16-regulated autophagy, mitigates A{beta} pathology and reverses cognitive decline in male, but not female, APPswe/PS1{Delta}E9 mice. Thus, it is evident that, unlike male brain, mGluR5 does not contribute to A{beta} pathology in female AD mice. This study highlights the complexity of mGluR5 pharmacology and A{beta} oligomer-activated pathological signaling and emphasizes the need for clinical trials redesign and analysis of sex-tailored treatment for AD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Abd-Elrahman, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamilton, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Souza, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albaker, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ribeiro, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferguson, S. S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/803262</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gender-specific pathophysiological mGluR5-dependent Aβ oligomer signaling in Alzheimer mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/803494v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Chemoenzymatic Method for Glycoproteomic N-glycan Type Quantitation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/803494v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glycosylation is one of the most important post-translational modifications in biological systems. Current glycoproteome methods mainly focus on qualitative identification of glycosylation sites or intact glycopeptides. However, the systematic quantitation of glycoproteins has remained largely unexplored. Here, we developed a chemoenzymatic method to quantitatively investigate N-glycoproteome based on the N-glycan types. Taking advantage of the specificity of different endoglycosidases and isotope dimethyl labeling, six N-glycan types of structures linked on each glycopeptide, including high-mannose/hybrid, bi-antennary and tri-antennary with/without core fucose, were quantified. As a proof of principle, the glycoproteomic N-glycan type quantitative (glyco-TQ) method was first used to determine the N-glycan type composition of immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) Fc fragment. Then we applied the method to analyze the glycan type profile of proteins in the breast cancer cell line MCF7, and quantitatively revealed the N-glycan type micro-heterogeneity at both the glycopeptide and glycoprotein levels. The novel quantitative strategy to evaluate the relative intensity of the six states of N-glycan type glycosylation on each site provides a new avenue to investigate function of glycoproteins in broad areas, such as cancer biomarker research, pharmaceuticals characterization and anti-glycan vaccine development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ning, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayne, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Twine, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Figeys, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/803494</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Chemoenzymatic Method for Glycoproteomic N-glycan Type Quantitation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/813824v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chlamydomonas sp. UWO241 exhibits high cyclic electron flow and rewired metabolism under high salinity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/813824v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Antarctic green alga Chlamydomonas sp. UWO241 (UWO241) was isolated from the deep photic zone of a permanently Antarctic ice-covered lake. Adaptation to permanent low temperatures, hypersalinity, and extreme shade has resulted in survival strategies in this halotolerant psychrophile. One of the most striking phenotypes of UWO241 is an altered photosystem I (PSI) organization and constitutive PSI cyclic electron flow (CEF). To date, little attention has been paid to CEF during long-term stress acclimation and the consequences of sustained CEF in UWO241 are not known. In this study, we combined photobiology, proteomics, and metabolomics to understand the underlying role of sustained CEF in high salinity stress acclimation. High salt-grown UWO241 exhibited increased thylakoid proton motive flux and an increased capacity for NPQ. A Bestrophin-like Cl- channel was identified in the whole cell proteomes and transcriptome of UWO241 which likely supports ion homeostasis during high transthylakoid pH. Under high salt, a significant proportion of the upregulated enzymes were associated with the Calvin Benson Bassham Cycle (CBB), secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and protein translation. Two key enzymes of the Shikimate pathway, DAHP synthase and chorismate synthase, were also upregulated, as well as indole-3-glycerol phosphate synthase, an enzyme involved in biosynthesis of L-tryptophan and indole acetic acid. In addition, several compatible solutes (glycerol, proline and sucrose) accumulated to high levels in high salt-grown UWO241 cultures. We suggest that UWO241 maintains constitutively high CEF with associated PSI-cytb6f supercomplex to support robust growth and strong photosynthetic capacity under a constant growth regime of low temperatures and high salinity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kalra, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cvetkovska, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McHargue, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hüner, N. P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morgan-Kiss, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/813824</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chlamydomonas sp. UWO241 exhibits high cyclic electron flow and rewired metabolism under high salinity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/815639v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Loss of Dnmt3a dependent methylation in inhibitory neurons impairs neural function through a mechanism that impacts Rett syndrome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/815639v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Methylated cytosine is an effector of epigenetic gene regulation. In the mammalian brain, the DNA methyltransferase, Dnmt3a, is the sole "writer" of atypical non-CpG methylation (mCH), and methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) is the only known "reader" for mCH. We set out to determine if MeCP2 is the sole reader for Dnmt3a dependent methylation by comparing mice lacking either Dnmt3a or MeCP2 in GABAergic inhibitory neurons. Loss of either the writer or the reader causes overlapping and distinct features from the behavioral to the molecular level. Loss of Dnmt3a results in global loss of mCH and a small subset of mCG sites resulting in more widespread transcriptional alterations and severe neurological dysfunction than seen upon MeCP2 loss. These data indicate that MeCP2 is responsible for reading part of the Dnmt3a dependent methylation in the brain. Importantly, the impact of MeCP2 on genes differentially expressed in both cKO models shows a strong dependence on mCH, but not Dnmt3a dependent mCG, consistent with mCH playing a central role in the pathogenesis of Rett Syndrome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lavery, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ure, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wan, Y.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trostle, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lucero, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durham, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castanon, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nery, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodell, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ecker, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behrens, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zoghbi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/815639</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Loss of Dnmt3a dependent methylation in inhibitory neurons impairs neural function through a mechanism that impacts Rett syndrome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/819045v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neuropeptide relay between SIFa signaling controls the experience-dependent mating duration of male Drosophila 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/819045v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Drosophila melanogaster is a suitable model for investigating how neuropeptides influence animal behaviours and physiology. We previously reported that two behavioural paradigms control mating duration of male Drosophila, called Longer-Mating-Duration (LMD) and Shorter-Mating-Duration (SMD) that are induced through socio-sexual environment prior to copulation. Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which males exhibit plasticity to different social cues remains poorly understood. Here, we show that SIFa modulates the neural circuitry for both LMD and SMD. Neuropeptide-to-neuropeptide communication, so called  neuropeptide relay plays a key role to mediate this control. We identified that 7 neuropeptides expressed in SIFa Receptor-positive cells are functionally important to regulate either LMD and/or SMD. The modulation of two independent mating duration behaviour by the different SIFa-mediated neuropeptide relay will help to further investigate how the neuropeptidergic modulation can control complex behaviours.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wong, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schweizer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, K.-N. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atieh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/819045</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neuropeptide relay between SIFa signaling controls the experience-dependent mating duration of male Drosophila]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/826925v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Compendium of Kinetic Cell Death Modulatory Profiles Identifies Ferroptosis Regulators 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/826925v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell death can be executed by regulated apoptotic and non-apoptotic pathways, including the iron-dependent process of ferroptosis. Small molecules are essential tools for studying the regulation of cell death. Using live-cell, time-lapse imaging, and a library of 1,833 small molecules including FDA-approved drugs and investigational agents, we assemble a large compendium of kinetic cell death  modulatory profiles for inducers of apoptosis and ferroptosis. From this dataset we identified dozens of small molecule inhibitors of ferroptosis, including numerous investigational and FDA-approved drugs with unexpected off-target antioxidant or iron chelating activities. ATP-competitive mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors, by contrast, were on-target ferroptosis inhibitors. Further investigation revealed both mTOR-dependent and mTOR-independent mechanisms linking amino acid levels to the regulation of ferroptosis sensitivity in cancer cells. These results highlight widespread bioactive compound pleiotropy and link amino acid sensing to the regulation of ferroptosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Conlon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poltorack, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forcina, G. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wells, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mallais, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kahanu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magtanong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pratt, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixon, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/826925</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Compendium of Kinetic Cell Death Modulatory Profiles Identifies Ferroptosis Regulators]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/827998v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mitochondria tether to Focal Adhesions during cell migration and regulate their size. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/827998v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitochondria are the key generators of ATP in a cell. Visually, they are highly dynamic organelles that undergo cellular fission and fusion events in response to changing cellular energy requirements. Mitochondria are now emerging as regulators of mammalian cell motility. Here we show that mitochondria infiltrate the leading edge of NIH3T3 fibroblasts during migration. At the leading edge, we find that mitochondria move to and tether to Focal Adhesions (FA). FA regulate cell migration by coupling the cytoskeleton to the Extracellular Matrix through integrin receptors. Importantly, we find that inhibition of mitochondrial ATP generation concomitantly inhibits FA size. This suggests that mitochondrial energy production regulates migration through FA control.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Daniel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mengeta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bilodeau, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/827998</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mitochondria tether to Focal Adhesions during cell migration and regulate their size.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/828046v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase III beta regulates cell shape, migration and focal adhesion number. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/828046v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell shape is regulated by cell adhesion and cytoskeletal and membrane dynamics. Cell shape, adhesion and motility have a complex relationship and understanding them is important in understanding developmental patterning and embryogenesis. Here we show that the lipid kinase phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase III beta (PI4KIII{beta}) regulates cell shape, migration and Focal Adhesion (FA) number. PI4KIII{beta} generates phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate from phosphatidylinositol and is highly expressed in a subset of human breast cancers. PI4KIII{beta} and the PI4P it generates regulate a variety of cellular functions, ranging from control of Golgi structure, fly fertility and Akt signaling. Here, we show that loss of PI4KIII{beta} expression decreases cell migration and alters cell shape in NIH3T3 fibroblasts. The changes are accompanied by an increase in the number of FA in cells lacking PI4KIII{beta}. Furthermore, we find that PI4P-containing vesicles move to the migratory leading-edge during migration and that some of these vesicles tether to and fuse with FA. Fusion is associated with FA disassembly. This suggests a novel regulatory role for PI4KIII{beta} and PI4P in cell adhesion and cell shape maintenance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Law-Vinh, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bilodeau, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacobsen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/828046</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase III beta regulates cell shape, migration and focal adhesion number.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/833475v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Antiretroviral APOBEC3 Cytidine Deaminases Alter HIV-1 Provirus Integration Site Profiles 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/833475v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
APOBEC3 (A3) proteins are host-encoded deoxycytidine deaminases that provide an innate immune barrier to retroviral infection, notably against HIV-1. While the catalytic activity of these proteins can induce catastrophic hypermutation in proviral DNA leading to near-total restriction of infection, sublethal levels of deamination contribute to the genetic evolution of HIV-1. So far, little is known about how A3 might impact HIV-1 integrations into human chromosomal DNA. Using a deep sequencing approach, we analyzed the influence A3F and A3G on HIV-1 integration site selections. DNA editing was detected at the extremities of the long terminal repeat regions of the virus. Both catalytic active and non-catalytic A3 enzymes decreased insertions into gene coding sequences and increased integration sites into SINE elements, oncogenes and transcription-silencing non-B DNA features. Our data implicate A3 as host factors that influence HIV-1 integration site selection and promote insertions into genomic sites that are transcriptionally less active.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT O_FIG_DISPLAY_L [Figure 1] M_FIG_DISPLAY Schematic depicting the influence of APOBEC3 (A3) proteins on HIV integration site targeting.

Left, in the absence of A3, HIV has a strong preference for integrating into genes. Right, both catalytic active and non-catalytic A3 mutants decrease integration into genes and increase integration into SINE elements and in transcription-silencing non-B DNA features.

C_FIG_DISPLAY
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ajoge, H. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renner, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kohio, H. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coleman, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Langlois, M.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barr, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/833475</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Antiretroviral APOBEC3 Cytidine Deaminases Alter HIV-1 Provirus Integration Site Profiles]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/839811v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Astrocyte-like glia-specific gene deathstar is crucial for normal development, adult locomotion and lifespan of male Drosophila 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/839811v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The brain of Drosophila melanogaster is a complex organ with various cell types, orchestrating the physiology and behaviors of the fly. While each cell type in the Drosophila brain is known to express a unique set of genes, their complete genetic profile is still unknown. Advances in the RNA-sequencing techniques at single cell resolution facilitate identifying novel cell type-specific markers and/or examining the specificity of the available markers.

In this study, exploiting a single cell RNA sequencing data of Drosophila optic lobe (which comprises two thirds of the brain with extensive cell type diversity), we first categorized cell types based on their known molecular markers, then the genes with enriched expression in astrocytes were identified. Consistent with previous findings, the known glial markers CG34335, Inx2 and nrv2 as well as the astrocytic genes CG9394, Eaat1, Gat, Gs2 and CG1552 exhibited enriched expression in the identified astrocyte cluster. Moreover, we identified CG11000 as a gene with positive expression correlation with the astrocytic marker Eaat1. The positive expression correlation between CG11000 and Eaat1 genes was also observed in the single-cell RNA-sequencing data of Drosophila mid-brain as well as in the bulk RNA-sequencing data of Drosophila whole brain during development.

Immunostaining of the brains dissected from adult flies showed overlapping fluorescence signals of CG11000 and Eaat1 expression, supporting co-expression of these genes in a set of single cells in Drosophila optic lobe. At the physiological level, RNAi-mediated suppression of CG11000 impeded th normal development of male flies without any effects on females. In adult flies, CG11000 suppression affected the locomotion activity and lifespan of D. melanogaster in an astrocyte-specific manner, suggesting pivotal role of CG11000 gene in astrocytes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Najafi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/839811</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Astrocyte-like glia-specific gene deathstar is crucial for normal development, adult locomotion and lifespan of male Drosophila]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/854976v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
pepFunk, a tool for peptide-centric functional analysis in metaproteomic human gut microbiome studies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/854976v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Enzymatic digestion of proteins before mass spectrometry analysis is a key process in metaproteomic workflows. Canonical metaproteomic data processing pipelines typically involve matching spectra produced by the mass spectrometer to a theoretical spectra database, followed by matching the identified peptides back to parent proteins. However, the nature of enzymatic digestion produces peptides that can be found in multiple proteins due to conservation or chance, presenting difficulties with protein and functional assignment. To combat this challenge, we developed a peptide-centric metaproteomic workflow focused on the analysis of human gut microbiome samples. Our workflow includes a curated peptide database annotated with KEGG terms and a pathway enrichment analysis adapted for peptide level data. Analysis using our peptide-centric workflow is fast and identifies more enriched KEGG pathways than protein-centric analysis. Our workflow is open source and available as a web application or source code to be run locally.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Simopoulos, C. M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ning, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavallee-Adam, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Figeys, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/854976</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[pepFunk, a tool for peptide-centric functional analysis in metaproteomic human gut microbiome studies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/860700v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Skin Lesions Classification Using Deep Learning Based on Dilated Convolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/860700v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The prediction of skin lesions is a challenging task even for experienced dermatologists due to a little contrast between surrounding skin and lesions, the visual resemblance between skin lesions, fuddled lesion border, etc. An automated computer-aided detection system with given images can help clinicians to prognosis malignant skin lesions at the earliest time. Recent progress in deep learning includes dilated convolution known to have improved accuracy with the same amount of computational complexities compared to traditional CNN. To implement dilated convolution, we choose the transfer learning with four popular architectures: VGG16, VGG19, MobileNet, and InceptionV3. The HAM10000 dataset was utilized for training, validating, and testing, which contains a total of 10015 dermoscopic images of seven skin lesion classes with huge class imbalances. The top-1 accuracy achieved on dilated versions of VGG16, VGG19, MobileNet, and InceptionV3 is 87.42%, 85.02%, 88.22%, and 89.81%, respectively. Dilated InceptionV3 exhibited the highest classification accuracy, recall, precision, and f-1 score and dilated MobileNet also has high classification accuracy while having the lightest computational complexities. Dilated InceptionV3 achieved better overall and per-class accuracy than any known methods on skin lesions classification to the best of our knowledge while experimenting with a complex open-source dataset with class imbalances.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ratul, M. A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mozaffari, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parimbelli, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/860700</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Skin Lesions Classification Using Deep Learning Based on Dilated Convolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/868802v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiplexed single-cell transcriptomic analysis of normal and impaired lung development in the mouse 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/868802v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During late lung development alveolar and microvascular development is finalized to enable sufficient gas exchange. Impaired late lung development manifests as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) allows for assessment of complex cellular dynamics during biological processes, such as development. Here, we use MULTI-seq to generate scRNA-seq profiles of over 66,000 cells from 36 mice during normal or impaired lung development secondary to hyperoxia. We observed dynamic populations of cells, including several rare cell types and putative progenitors. Hyperoxia exposure, which mimics the BPD phenotype, alters the composition of all cellular compartments, particularly alveolar epithelium, capillary endothelium and macrophage populations. We identified several BPD-associated signatures, including Pdgfra in fibroblasts, Activin A in capillary endothelial cells, and Csf1-Csf1r and Ccl2-Ccr2 signaling in macrophages and neutrophils. Our data provides a novel single-cell view of cellular changes associated with late lung development in health and in disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hurskainen, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mizikova, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cook, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cyr-Depauw, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lesage, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersson, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helle, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renesme, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jankov, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heikinheimo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vanderhyden, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thebaud, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/868802</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiplexed single-cell transcriptomic analysis of normal and impaired lung development in the mouse]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/871921v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Prediction of 8-state protein secondary structures by 1D-Inception and BD-LSTM 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/871921v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein secondary structure is crucial to create an information bridge between the primary structure and the tertiary (3D) structure. Precise prediction of 8-state protein secondary structure (PSS) significantly utilized in the structural and functional analysis of proteins in bioinformatics. In this recent period, deep learning techniques have been applied in this research area and raise the Q8 accuracy remarkably. Nevertheless, from a theoretical standpoint, there still lots of room for improvement, specifically in 8-state (Q8) protein secondary structure prediction. In this paper, we presented two deep learning architecture, namely 1D-Inception and BD-LSTM, to improve the performance of 8-classes PSS prediction. The input of these two architectures is a carefully constructed feature matrix from the sequence features and profile features of the proteins. Firstly, 1D-Inception is a Deep convolutional neural network-based approach that was inspired by the InceptionV3 model and containing three inception modules. Secondly, BD-LSTM is a recurrent neural network model which including bidirectional LSTM layers. Our proposed 1D-Inception method achieved 76.65%, 71.18%, 76.86%, and 74.07% Q8 accuracy respectively on benchmark CullPdb6133, CB513, CASP10, and CASP11 datasets. Moreover, BD-LSTM acquired 74.71%, 69.49%, 74.07%, and 72.37% state-8 accuracy after evaluated on CullPdb6133, CB513, CASP10, and CASP11 datasets, respectively. Both these architectures enable the efficient processing of local and global interdependencies between amino acids to make an accurate prediction of each class is very beneficial in the deep neural network. To the best of our knowledge, experiment results of the 1D-Inception model demonstrate that it outperformed all the state-of-art methods on the benchmark CullPdb6133, CB513, and CASP10 datasets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ratul, M. A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turcotte, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mozaffari, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/871921</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Prediction of 8-state protein secondary structures by 1D-Inception and BD-LSTM]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/004390v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Notorious Novel Avian Influenza Viruses H10N8 and H7N9 in China in 2013 Co-originated from H9N2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/004390v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In 2013, two new avian influenza viruses (AIVs) H7N9 and H10N8 emerged in China caused worldwide concerns. Previous studies have studied their originations independently; this study is the first time to investigate their co-originating characteristics. Gene segments of assorted subtype influenza A viruses, as well as H10N8 and H7N9, were collected from public database. 26 With the help of series software, small and large-scale phylogenetic trees, mean evolutionary rates, and divergence years were obtained successionally. The results demonstrated the two AIVs co-originated from H9N2, and shared a spectrum of mutations in common on many key sites related to pathogenic, tropism and epidemiological characteristics. For a long time, H9N2 viruses had been circulated in eastern and southern China; poultry was the stable and lasting maintenance reservoir. High carrying rate of AIVs H9N2 in poultry had an extremely high risk of co-infections with other influenza viruses, which increased the risk of virus reassortment. It implied that novel AIVs reassortants based on H9N2 might appear and prevail at any time in China; therefore, surveillance of H9N2 AIVs should be given a high priority.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liang Chen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng Zhu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chenglong Xiong</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhijie Zhang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lufang Jiang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rui Li</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Genming Zhao</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yue Chen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qingwu Jiang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2014-04-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/004390</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Notorious Novel Avian Influenza Viruses H10N8 and H7N9 in China in 2013 Co-originated from H9N2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2014-04-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/024794v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The human experience with intravenous levodopa 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/024794v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveTo compile a comprehensive summary of published human experience with levodopa given intravenously, with a focus on information required by regulatory agencies.nnBackgroundWhile safe intravenous use of levodopa has been documented for over 50 years, regulatory supervision for pharmaceuticals given by a route other than that approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has become increasingly cautious. If delivering a drug by an alternate route raises the risk of adverse events, an investigational new drug (IND) application is required, including a comprehensive review of toxicity data.nnMethodsOver 200 articles referring to intravenous levodopa (IVLD) were examined for details of administration, pharmacokinetics, benefit and side effects.nnResultsWe identified 142 original reports describing IVLD use in humans, beginning with psychiatric research in 1959-1960 before the development of peripheral decarboxylase inhibitors. At least 2781 subjects have received IVLD, and reported outcomes include parkinsonian signs, sleep variables, hormones, hemodynamics, CSF amino acid composition, regional cerebral blood flow, cognition, perception and complex behavior. Mean pharmacokinetic variables were summarized for 49 healthy subjects and 190 with Parkinsons disease. Side effects were those expected from clinical experience with oral levodopa and dopamine agonists. No articles reported deaths or induction of psychosis.nnConclusionAt least 2781 patients have received i.v. levodopa with a safety profile comparable to that seen with oral administration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shan H Siddiqi</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Natalia K Abraham</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christopher L Geiger</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morvarid Karimi</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joel S Perlmutter</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kevin J Black</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-08-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/024794</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The human experience with intravenous levodopa]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-08-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/027888v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extracellular Forces Cause the Nucleus to Deform in a Highly Controlled Anisotropic Manner 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/027888v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Physical forces arising in the extra-cellular environment have a profound impact on cell fate and gene regulation; however the underlying biophysical mechanisms that control this sensitivity remain elusive. It is hypothesized that gene expression may be influenced by the physical deformation of the nucleus in response to force. Here, using 3T3s as a model, we demonstrate that extra-cellular forces cause cell nuclei to rapidly deform (< 1 s) preferentially along their shorter nuclear axis, in an anisotropic manner. Nuclear anisotropy is shown to be regulated by the cytoskeleton within intact cells, with actin and microtubules resistant to orthonormal strains. Importantly, nuclear anisotropy is intrinsic, and observed in isolated nuclei. The sensitivity of this behaviour is influenced by chromatin organization and lamin-A expression. An anisotropic response to force was also highly conserved amongst an array of examined nuclei from differentiated and undifferentiated cell types. Although the functional purpose of this conserved material property remains elusive, it may provide a mechanism through which mechanical cues in the microenvironment are rapidly transmitted to the genome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kristina Haase</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joan K. L. Macadangdang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Claire H. Edrington</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charles M. Cuerrier</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sebastian Hadjiantoniou</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James L. Harden</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ilona S. Skerjanc</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrew E. Pelling</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/027888</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extracellular Forces Cause the Nucleus to Deform in a Highly Controlled Anisotropic Manner]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/030338v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Analysis of protein-coding genetic variation in 60,706 humans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/030338v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Large-scale reference data sets of human genetic variation are critical for the medical and functional interpretation of DNA sequence changes. Here we describe the aggregation and analysis of high-quality exome (protein-coding region) sequence data for 60,706 individuals of diverse ethnicities generated as part of the Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC). The resulting catalogue of human genetic diversity contains an average of one variant every eight bases of the exome, and provides direct evidence for the presence of widespread mutational recurrence. We show that this catalogue can be used to calculate objective metrics of pathogenicity for sequence variants, and to identify genes subject to strong selection against various classes of mutation; we identify 3,230 genes with near-complete depletion of truncating variants, 72% of which have no currently established human disease phenotype. Finally, we demonstrate that these data can be used for the efficient filtering of candidate disease-causing variants, and for the discovery of human "knockout" variants in protein-coding genes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Exome Aggregation Consortium</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monkol Lek</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Konrad Karczewski</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eric Minikel</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaitlin Samocha</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eric Banks</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Timothy Fennell</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anne O'Donnell-Luria</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James Ware</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrew Hill</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beryl Cummings</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taru Tukiainen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniel Birnbaum</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jack Kosmicki</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laramie Duncan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karol Estrada</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fengmei Zhao</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James Zou</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emma Pierce-Hoffman</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joanne Berghout</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David Cooper</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicole Deflaux</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mark DePristo</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ron Do</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jason Flannick</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menachem Fromer</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laura Gauthier</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackie Goldstein</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Namrata Gupta</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniel Howrigan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adam Kiezun</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitja Kurki</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ami Levy Moonshine</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pradeep Natarajan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorena Orozco</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gina Peloso</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryan Poplin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manuel Rivas</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valentin Ruano-Rubio</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samuel Rose</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Douglas</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/030338</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Analysis of protein-coding genetic variation in 60,706 humans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/041533v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pollinator specialization imposes stronger evolutionary constraints on flower shape 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/041533v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Flowers show important structural variation as reproductive organs but the evolutionary forces underlying this diversity are still poorly understood. In animal-pollinated species, flower shape is strongly fashioned by selection imposed by pollinators, which is expected to vary according to guilds of effective pollinators. Using the Antillean subtribe Gesneriinae (Gesneriaceae), we tested the hypothesis that pollination specialists pollinated by one functional type of pollinator have maintained more similar corolla shapes through time due to stronger selection constraints compared to species with more generalist pollination strategies. Using geometric morphometrics and evolutionary models, we showed that the corolla of hummingbird specialists, bat specialists, and species with a mixed-pollination strategy (pollinated by hummingbirds and bats; thus a more generalist strategy) have distinct shapes and that these shapes have evolved under evolutionary constraints. However, we did not find support for smaller disparity in corolla shape for hummingbird specialists compared to more generalist species. This could be because the corolla shape of more generalist species in subtribe Gesneriinae, which has evolved multiple times, is finely adapted to be effectively pollinated by both bats and hummingbirds. These results suggest that pollination generalization is not necessarily associated with relaxed selection constraints.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Simon Joly</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>François Lambert</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hermine Alexandre</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Étienne Léveillé-Bourret</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>John L. Clark</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-02-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/041533</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pollinator specialization imposes stronger evolutionary constraints on flower shape]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-02-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/052555v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Measuring Mechanodynamics using an Unsupported Epithelial Monolayer Grown at an Air-Water Interface 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/052555v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Actomyosin contraction and relaxation in a monolayer is a fundamental biophysical process in development and homeostasis. Current methods used to characterize the mechanodynamics of monolayers often involve cells grown on solid supports such as glass or gels. The results of these studies are fundamentally influenced by these supporting structures. Here, we describe a new methodology for measuring the mechanodynamics of epithelial monolayers by culturing cells at an air-liquid interface. These model monolayers are grown in the absence of any supporting structures allowing us to remove cell-substrate effects. This methods potential was evaluated by observing and quantifying the generation and release of internal stresses upon actomyosin contraction (320{+/-}50Pa) and relaxation (190{+/-}40Pa) in response to chemical treatments. This is in contrast to the results observed in monolayers grown on solid substrates (glass and gels) where movement was drastically muted. Tracking the displacement of cell nuclei, cell edges and cluster perimeter allowed us to quantify the strain dynamics in the monolayer indicating the reliability of this method. New insights were also revealed with this approach. Although unsupported monolayers exhibited clear major and minor strain axes, they were not correlated to the general alignment of cell nuclei. The situation was dramatically different when the monolayers were grown on soft gels and hard glass substrates. It was observed that both gels and glass substrates led to the promotion of long-range alignment of cell nuclei. In addition, the strain orientation was correlated to nuclear alignment on the soft deformable gels. This new approach provides us with a picture of basal actomyosin mechanodynamics in a simplified system allowing us to infer how the presence of a substrate impacts actomyosin contractility and long-range multi-cellular organization and dynamics. This new methodology will also enable many new questions to be asked about the molecular regulation of the mechanodynamics of unsupported monolayers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Corinne Gullekson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matthew Walker</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James L. Harden</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrew Pelling</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/052555</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Measuring Mechanodynamics using an Unsupported Epithelial Monolayer Grown at an Air-Water Interface]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/053470v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Utilizing Social Media and Video Games to Control #DIY Microscopes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/053470v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Open-source lab equipment is becoming more widespread with the popularization of fabrication tools such as 3d-printers, laser cutters, CNC machines, open source microcontrollers and open source software. Although many pieces of common laboratory equipment have been developed, software control of these items is sometimes lacking. Specifically, control software that can be easily implemented and enable user-input and control over multiple platforms (PC, smartphone, web, etc.). The aim of this proof-of-principle study was to develop and implement software for the control of a low-cost, 3d-printed microscope. Here, we present two approaches, which enable microscope control by exploiting the functionality of the social media platform Twitter or player actions inside of the videogame Minecraft. The microscope was constructed from a modified web-camera and implemented on a Raspberry Pi computer. Four aspects of microscope control were tested, including single image capture, focus control and time-lapse imaging. The Twitter-embodiment enabled users to send "tweets" directly to the microscope. Image data acquired by the microscope was then returned to the user through a Twitter reply and stored permanently on the photo-sharing platform Flickr, along with any relevant metadata. Local control of the microscope was also implemented by utilizing the video game Minecraft, in situations where Internet connectivity is not present or stable. A virtual laboratory was constructed inside the Minecraft world and player actions inside the laboratory were linked to specific microscope functions. Here, we present the methodology and results of these experiments and discuss possible limitations and future extensions of this work.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Maxime Leblanc-Latour</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Craig Bryan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrew Pelling</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/053470</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Utilizing Social Media and Video Games to Control #DIY Microscopes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/056143v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rapid Dynamics of Cell-Shape Recovery in Response to Local Deformations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/056143v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
It is vital that cells respond rapidly to mechanical cues within their microenvironment through changes in cell shape and volume, which rely upon the mechanical properties of cells highly interconnected cytoskeletal networks and intracellular fluid redistributions. While previous research has largely investigated deformation mechanics, we now focus on the immediate cell-shape recovery response following mechanical perturbation by inducing large, local, and reproducible cellular deformations using AFM. By continuous imaging within the plane of deformation, we characterize the membrane and cortical response of HeLa cells to unloading, and model the recovery via overdamped viscoelastic dynamics. Importantly, the majority (90%) of HeLa cells recover their cell shape in < 1s. Despite actin remodelling on this time scale, we show that cell recovery time is not affected by load duration nor magnitude. To further explore this rapid recovery response, we expose cells to cytoskeletal destabilizers and osmotic shock conditions, which exposes the interplay between actin and osmotic pressure. We show that the rapid dynamics of recovery depend crucially on intracellular pressure, and provide strong evidence that cortical actin is the key regulator in the cell-shape recovery processes, in both cancerous and non-cancerous epithelial cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kristina Haase</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tyler N Shendruk</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrew E Pelling</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-05-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/056143</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rapid Dynamics of Cell-Shape Recovery in Response to Local Deformations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-05-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/073460v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Semi-Automated Identification of Ontological Labels in the Biomedical Literature with goldi 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/073460v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent growth in both the scale and the scope of large publicly available ontologies has spurred the development of computational methodologies which can leverage structured information to answer important questions. However, ontological labels, or "terms" have thus far proved difficult to use in practice; text mining, one crucial aspect of electronically understanding and parsing the biomedical literature, has historically had difficulty identifying "terms" in literature. In this article, we present goldi, an open source R package whose goal it is to identify terms of variable length in free form text. It is available at https://github.com/Chris1221/goldi or through CRAN. The algorithm works through identifying words or synonyms of words present in individual terms and comparing the number of present words to an acceptance function for decision making. In this article we present the theoretical rationale behind the algorithm, as well as practical advice for its usage applied to Gene Ontology term identification and quantification. We additionally detail the options available and describe their respective computational efficiencies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Christopher B. Cole</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sejal Patel</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jo Knight</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-09-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/073460</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Semi-Automated Identification of Ontological Labels in the Biomedical Literature with goldi]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-09-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/142083v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sepsis Increases Perioperative Metastases In A Murine Model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/142083v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundCancer surgery can promote tumour metastases and worsen prognosis, but the effects of perioperative complications such as sepsis, blood loss, and hypothermia on subsequent cancer metastases have not been addressed.nnObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of common perioperative factors on postoperative tumour metastases in murine models of cancer surgery. We hypothesize that perioperative blood loss, hypothermia, and sepsis facilitate tumour metastases in these murine models.nnMethodsPrior to surgery, pulmonary metastases were established by intravenous challenge of CT26LacZ colon cancer cells in Balb/c mice or B16LacZ melanoma cells in C57Bl/6 mice. Surgical stress was generated through partial hepatectomy (PH) or left nephrectomy (LN). Sepsis was induced by puncturing the cecum to express stool into the abdomen. Hemorrhagic shock was induced by removal of 30% of total blood volume via saphenous vein. Hypothermia was induced by removing the heating apparatus during surgery and lowering core body temperatures to 30{degrees}C. Lung tumour burden was quantified 3 days following surgery.nnResultsSurgically stressed mice subjected to Stage 3 hemorrhagic shock or hypothermia did not show an additional increase in lung tumour burden. In contrast, surgically stressed mice subjected to intraoperative sepsis demonstrated an additional 2-fold increase in the number of tumour metastases. Furthermore, natural killer (NK) cell function, as assessed by YAC-1 tumour cell lysis, was significantly attenuated in surgically stressed mice subjected to intraoperative sepsis. Both NK cell-mediated cytotoxic function and lung metastases were improved with perioperative administration of polyI:C, which is a ligand for toll-like receptor (TLR)-3nnConclusionsPerioperative sepsis, but not hemorrhagic shock or hypothermia, enhances the prometastatic effect of surgery in murine models of cancer. Identification of the mechanisms underlying perioperative immune suppression will be critical in the development of immunomodulation strategies that aim to attenuate perioperative metastatic disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tai, L.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ananth, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seth, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alkayyal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Souza, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Staibano, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kennedy, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Auer, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/142083</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sepsis Increases Perioperative Metastases In A Murine Model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/152942v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanical mismatch between Ras transformed and untransformed epithelial cells. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/152942v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The organization of the actin cytoskeleton plays a key role in regulating cell mechanics. It is fundamentally altered during transformation, affecting how cells interact with their environment. We investigated mechanical properties of cells expressing constitutively active, oncogenic Ras (RasV12) in adherent and suspended states. To do this, we utilized atomic force microscopy and a microfluidic optical stretcher. We found that adherent cells stiffen and suspended cells soften with the expression of constitutively active Ras. The effect on adherent cells was reversed when contractility was inhibited with the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632, resulting in softer RasV12 cells. Our findings suggest that increased ROCK activity as a result of Ras has opposite effects on suspended and adhered cells. Our results also establish the importance of the activation of ROCK by Ras and its effect on cell mechanics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gullekson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cojoc, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schurmann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guck, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pelling, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/152942</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanical mismatch between Ras transformed and untransformed epithelial cells.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.29.924530v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cerebral grey matter density is associated with neuroreceptor and neurotransporter availability: A combined PET and MRI study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.29.924530v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Positron emission tomography (PET) can be used for in vivo measurement of specific neuroreceptors and transporters using radioligands, while voxel-based morphometric analysis of magnetic resonance images allows automated estimation of local grey matter densities. However, it is not known how regional neuroreceptor or transporter densities are reflected in grey matter densities. Here, we analyzed brain scans retrospectively from 325 subjects and compared grey matter density estimates with three different neuroreceptors and transporter availabilities. {micro}-opioid receptors (MORs) were measured with [11C]carfentanil (162 scans), dopamine D2 receptors with [11C]raclopride (91 scans) and serotonin transporters (SERT) with [11C]MADAM (72 scans). The PET data were modelled with simplified reference tissue model. Voxel-wise correlations between binding potential and grey matter density images were computed. Regional binding of all the used radiotracers was associated with grey matter density in region and ligand-specific manner independently of subjects age or sex. These data show that grey matter density and MOR and D2R neuroreceptor / SERT availability are correlated, with effect sizes (r2) ranging from 0.04 to 0.69. This suggests that future studies comparing PET outcome measure different groups (such as patients and controls) should take grey matter density differences between the groups into account.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Manninen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karjalainen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuominen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hietala, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaasinen, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joutsa, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rinne, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nummenmaa, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.29.924530</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cerebral grey matter density is associated with neuroreceptor and neurotransporter availability: A combined PET and MRI study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.10.985382v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inhibition and down regulation of the serotonin transporter contribute to the progression of degenerative mitral regurgitation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.10.985382v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AimsHeart valve disease attributed to serotonin (5HT) has been observed with 5HT-secreting carcinoid tumors and in association with medications, such as the diet drug, Dexfenfluoramine, a serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) inhibitor and 5HT receptor (HTR) 2B agonist. HTR2B signaling upregulates TGF{beta}-1 resulting in increased production of extracellular matrix proteins. SLC6A4 internalizes 5HT, limiting HTR signaling. Selective 5HT reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), widely used antidepressants, target SLC6A4, thus enhancing HTR signaling. However, 5HT and SLC6A4 mechanisms have not been previously associated with degenerative mitral regurgitation (MR). The present studies investigated the hypothesis that both dysregulation of SLC6A4 and inhibition of SLC6A4 contribute to the pathophysiology of MR.

Methods and ResultsHere we report SLC6A4 related studies of 225 patients with MR requiring surgery. A multivariate analysis showed that SSRI use in MR patients was associated with surgery at a younger age, indicating more rapidly progressive MR (p=0.0183); this was confirmed in a national dataset (p<0.001). Aspirin use by MR patients was associated with surgery at an older age (p=0.0055). Quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR of MR leaflet RNA from 44 patients, and 20 normal mitral leaflets from heart transplant recipients, demonstrated down regulation in MR of both SLC6A4 and vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (SLC18A2), that packages 5HT (p<0.001). Human mitral valve interstitial cells cultivated with Fluoxetine, a SSRI, demonstrated down regulation of SLC6A4 and upregulation of HTR2B, compared to untreated, in cells from both normal and MR leaflets. Platelet 5HT studies in healthy subjects without heart disease used ADP-induced activation to model MR-associated activation. Fluoxetine significantly increased platelet activation and plasma 5HT levels, while Aspirin inhibited ADP platelet activation.

ConclusionsDown regulation and inhibition of SLC6A4 influences MR through enhanced HTR signaling. SSRI may further influence MR through inhibition and down regulation of SLC6A4, upregulation of HTR2B, and increased platelet release of 5HT.

Translational PerspectiveDegenerative mitral valve regurgitation (MR) affects millions, and there is no medical therapy for this disease. MR becomes progressively worse, and for severe MR, the only option is cardiac surgery. Serotonin (5HT) is best known as a neurotransmitter. However, 5HT secreting carcinoid tumors cause a cardiac valve disorder in many cases, and 5HT related medications, such as the diet drug Fenfluoramine, have been associated with the development of cardiac valve disease. The present paper presents evidence that diminished serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) expression and inhibition, lead to increased 5HT receptor signaling, contributing to the progression of MR.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Levy, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fitzpatrick, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castillero, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shukla,, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Inamdar,, V. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aghali, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grau, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rioux, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salvati, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keeney, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nissim, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorman, R. C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rauova, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stachelek, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krieger, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferrari, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.10.985382</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inhibition and down regulation of the serotonin transporter contribute to the progression of degenerative mitral regurgitation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.17.989699v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Vaccine Elicitation of HIV Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies from Engineered B cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.17.989699v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) can suppress viremia and protect against infection1. However, their elicitation is made difficult by low frequencies of appropriate precursor B cell receptors and the complex maturation pathways required to generate bnAbs from these precursors2. Antibody genes can be engineered into B cells for expression as both a functional receptor on cell surfaces and as secreted antibody3-5. Here, we show that HIV bnAb-engineered primary mouse B cells can be adoptively transferred and vaccinated in immunocompetent wild-type animals resulting in the expansion of durable bnAb memory and long-lived plasma cells. Somatic hypermutation after immunization indicated that engineered cells have the capacity to respond to an evolving pathogen. These results encourage further exploration of engineered B cell vaccines as a strategy for durable elicitation of HIV bnAbs to protect against infection and as a contributor to a functional cure.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vollbrecht, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guryleva, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tenuta, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuller, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schiffner, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abadejos, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Couvrette, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blane, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saye, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landais, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez-Martin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schief, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murrell, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burton, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nemazee, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voss, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.17.989699</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Vaccine Elicitation of HIV Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies from Engineered B cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.23.000844v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Improved segmentation of the intracranial and ventricular volumes in populations with cerebrovascular lesions and atrophy using 3D CNNs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.23.000844v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Successful segmentation of the total intracranial vault (ICV) and ventricles is of critical importance when studying neurodegeneration through neuroimaging. We present iCVMapper and VentMapper, robust algorithms that use a convolutional neural network (CNN) to segment the ICV and ventricles from both single and multi-contrast MRI data. Our models were trained on a large dataset from two multi-site studies (N=528 subjects for ICV, N=501 for ventricular segmentation) consisting of older adults with varying degrees of cerebrovascular lesions and atrophy, which pose significant challenges for most segmentation approaches. The models were tested on 238 participants, including subjects with vascular cognitive impairment and high white matter hyperintensity burden. Two of the three test sets came from studies not used in the training dataset. We assessed our algorithms relative to four state-of-the-art ICV extraction methods (MONSTR, BET, Deep Extraction, FreeSurfer), as well as a ventricular segmentation tool (FreeSurfer). Our multi-contrast models outperformed other methods across all evaluation metrics, with average Dice coefficients of 0.98 and 0.94 for ICV and ventricular segmentation respectively. Both models were also the most time efficient, segmenting the structures in orders of magnitude faster than some of the other available methods. Our networks showed an increased accuracy with the use of a conditional random field (CRF) as a post-processing step. We further validated both segmentation models, highlighting their robustness to images with lower resolution and signal-to-noise ratio, compared to tested techniques. The pipeline and models are available at: https://icvmapp3r.readthedocs.io and https://ventmapp3r.readthedocs.io to enable further investigation of the roles of ICV and ventricles in relation to normal aging and neurodegeneration in large multi-site studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ntiri, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holmes, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mojiri, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramirez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozzoude, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adamo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dowlatshahi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawrence-Dewar, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lang, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Symons, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartha, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strother, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tardif, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masellis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swartz, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moody, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Black, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goubran, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.23.000844</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Improved segmentation of the intracranial and ventricular volumes in populations with cerebrovascular lesions and atrophy using 3D CNNs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.28.066845v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tumor invasion as non-equilibrium phase separation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.28.066845v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tumor invasion depends upon properties of both cells and of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Despite ample evidence that cancer cells can modulate their material state during invasion, underlying biophysical mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show the potential for coexistence of - and transition between - solid-like, fluid-like, and gas-like phases in invading breast cancer spheroids. Epithelial spheroids are nearly jammed and solid-like in the core but unjam at the periphery to invade as a fluid-like collective. Conversely, post-metastatic spheroids are unjammed and fluid-like in the core and - depending on ECM density - can further unjam and invade as gas-like single cells, or re-jam to invade as a fluid-like collective. A novel jamming phase diagram predicts material phases that are superficially similar to inanimate systems at thermodynamic equilibrium, but here arising in living systems, which exist far from equilibrium. We suggest that non-equilibrium phase separation may provide a unifying physical picture of tumor invasion.

TWO-SENTENCE SUMMARYUsing tumor spheroids invading into an engineered three-dimensional matrix, we show here that the cellular collective exhibits coexistent solid-like, fluid-like, and gas-like phases. The spheroid interior develops spatial and temporal heterogeneities in material phase which, depending upon cell type and matrix density, ultimately result in a variety of phase separation patterns at the invasive front, as captured by a jamming phase diagram.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferruzzi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spatarelu, C.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Y. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koehler, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Butler, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roblyer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaman, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pegoraro, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fredberg, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.28.066845</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tumor invasion as non-equilibrium phase separation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.04.077065v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pathologic α-Synuclein Species Activate LRRK2 in Pro-Inflammatory Monocyte and Macrophage Responses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.04.077065v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Missense mutations in the LRRK2 gene that lead to LRRK2 kinase hyperactivity can cause Parkinsons disease (PD). The link between LRRK2 and -synuclein aggregation in PD remains enigmatic. Numerous reports suggest critical LRRK2 functions in microglial responses. Herein, we find that LRRK2-positive immune cells in the brain represent CD68-positive pro-inflammatory, monocyte-derived macrophages, distinct from microglia. Rod -synuclein fibrils stimulate LRRK2 kinase activity in monocyte-derived macrophages, and LRRK2 mutations lead to enhanced recruitment of classical monocytes into the midbrain in response to -synuclein. LRRK2 kinase inhibition blocks -synuclein fibril induction of LRRK2 protein in both human and murine macrophages, with human cells demonstrating much higher LRRK2 levels and kinase activity than equivalent murine cells. Further, interferon-{gamma} strongly induces LRRK2 kinase activity in primary human macrophages in comparison to weak effects observed in murine cells. These results highlight peripheral immune responses in LRRK2-linked paradigms that further connect two central proteins in PD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boddu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdelmotilib, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sokratian, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harms, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schonhoff, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bryant, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harmsen, I. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlossmacher, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandra, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krendelshchikova, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>West, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.04.077065</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pathologic α-Synuclein Species Activate LRRK2 in Pro-Inflammatory Monocyte and Macrophage Responses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.21.102350v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Heat Shock Protein 27 Immune Complex Upregulates LDLR Expression Thereby Reducing Plasma Cholesterol and Atherogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.21.102350v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Elevated Heat Shock Protein 27 levels predict relative freedom from cardiovascular events. In ApoE-/- mice HSP27 over-expression or twice daily subcutaneous injections reduce blood and plaque cholesterol levels, inflammation and atherogenesis. While natural antibodies to HSP27 are present in human blood their role is unknown. Here, we show that blood levels of both HSP27 and anti-HSP27 IgG antibodies are elevated in healthy controls compared to patients with cardiovascular disease. ApoE-/- mice vaccinated with recombinant HSP25 (murine ortholog) develop elevated anti-HSP25 IgG antibodies and reduced levels of cholesterol, inflammation and atherosclerosis. The effects on cholesterol metabolism were divergent: increased hepatic LDLR expression and reduced plasma PCSK9 levels. In vitro, a polyclonal anti-HSP27 IgG antibody combined with rHSP27 to upregulate hepatocyte LDLR expression via an NF-kB-dependent pathway that is independent of SREBP2 expression and intracellular cholesterol levels. HSP27 immunotherapy represents a novel means of lowering not only cholesterol but also PCSK9.Competing Interest StatementEOB and YXC are inventors on US patents 8343915B2 and 8343916B2 and EOB, CS and YXC are inventors on US patent application PCT/CA2016/051018, all pertaining to HSP27 diagnostics / therapeutics. EOB is the Scientific Co-Founder of Pemi31 Therapeutics Inc., a startup company that controls the aforementioned intellectual property. EOB, CS and YXC have equity interests in Pemi31 Therapeutics Inc.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maarouf, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shrivastava, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bharadwa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adijiang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ulke-Lemee, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gwilym, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hellmich, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malozzi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batulan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dean, J. L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramirez, F. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerthoffer, W. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Brien, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.21.102350</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Heat Shock Protein 27 Immune Complex Upregulates LDLR Expression Thereby Reducing Plasma Cholesterol and Atherogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.25.114421v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distinguishing within from between individual effects: How to use the within-individual centering method for quadratic pattern 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.25.114421v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
O_LIAny average pattern observed at the population level may confound two different types of processes: some processes that occur among individuals and others that occur within individuals. Separating within- from among-individual processes is critical for our understanding of ecological and evolutionary dynamics.
C_LIO_LIThe within-individual centering method allows distinguishing within- from among-individual processes and this method has been largely used in ecology to investigate both linear and quadratic patterns. Here we show that two alternative equations could be used for the investigation of quadratic within-individual patterns. We explain under which hypotheses each is valid. Reviewing the literature, we found that mainly one of these two equations has been used by the studies investigating quadratic patterns. Yet this equation could be inappropriate in many cases.
C_LIO_LIWe show that these two alternative equations make different assumptions about the shape of the within-individual pattern. The choice of using one equation instead of the other should depend upon the biological process investigated. One equation assumes that all individuals show the same quadratic pattern over the whole range of the explanatory variable whereas the other assumes that the quadratic patterns depend on the average explanatory variable of each individual. We give examples of biological processes corresponding to each equation.
C_LIO_LIUsing simulations, we showed that a mismatch between the assumptions made by the equation used to analyze the data and the biological process investigated led to flawed inference affecting both output of model selection and accuracy of estimates. We stress that the equation used should be chosen carefully to ensure that the assumption made about the shape of the within-individual pattern matches the biological process investigated. We hope that this manuscript will encourage the use of the within-individual centering method, promoting its correct application for non-linear relationships.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fay, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plard, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.25.114421</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distinguishing within from between individual effects: How to use the within-individual centering method for quadratic pattern]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.08.140244v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cross-sectional evaluation of humoral responses against SARS-CoV-2 Spike 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.08.140244v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The SARS-CoV-2 virus is responsible for the current worldwide coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, infecting millions of people and causing hundreds of thousands of deaths. The Spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 mediates viral entry and is the main target for neutralizing antibodies. Understanding the antibody response directed against SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for the development of vaccine, therapeutic and public health interventions. Here we performed a cross-sectional study on 106 SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals to evaluate humoral responses against the SARS-CoV-2 Spike. The vast majority of infected individuals elicited anti-Spike antibodies within 2 weeks after the onset of symptoms. The levels of receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific IgG persisted overtime, while the levels of anti-RBD IgM decreased after symptoms resolution. Some of the elicited antibodies cross-reacted with other human coronaviruses in a genus-restrictive manner. While most of individuals developed neutralizing antibodies within the first two weeks of infection, the level of neutralizing activity was significantly decreased over time. Our results highlight the importance of studying the persistence of neutralizing activity upon natural SARS-CoV-2 infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Prevost, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gasser, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beaudoin-Bussieres, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richard, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duerr, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laumaea, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anand, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goyette, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medjahed, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perreault, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tremblay, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gendron-Lepage, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gauthier, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carrier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marcoux, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piche, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavoie, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benoit, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loungnarath, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brochu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desforges, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Talbot, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gould Maule, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cote, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Therrien, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serhir, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bazin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finzi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.08.140244</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cross-sectional evaluation of humoral responses against SARS-CoV-2 Spike]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.19.162446v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Naturalistic coding of working memory in primate prefrontal cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.19.162446v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The primate lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) is considered fundamental for temporarily maintaining and manipulating mental representations that serve behavior, a cognitive function known as working memory1. Studies in non-human primates have shown that LPFC lesions impair working memory2 and that LPFC neuronal activity encodes working memory representations3. However, such studies have used simple displays and constrained gaze while subjects held information in working memory3, which put into question their ethological validity4,5. Currently, it remains unclear whether LPFC microcircuits can support working memory function during natural behavior. We tested macaque monkeys in a working memory navigation task in a life-like virtual environment while their gaze was unconstrained. We show that LPFC neuronal populations robustly encode working memory representations in these conditions. Furthermore, low doses of the NMDA receptor antagonist, ketamine, impaired working memory performance while sparing perceptual and motor skills. Ketamine decreased the firing of narrow spiking inhibitory interneurons and increased the firing of broad spiking cells reducing population decoding accuracy for remembered locations. Our results show that primate LPFC generates robust neural codes for working memory in naturalistic settings and that such codes rely upon a fine balance between the activation of excitatory and inhibitory neurons.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roussy, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luna, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corrigan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gulli, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nogueira, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moreno-Bote, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sachs, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palaniyappan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez-Trujillo, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.19.162446</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Naturalistic coding of working memory in primate prefrontal cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.23.166058v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bridging the gap - Spontaneous fluctuations shape stimulus-evoked spectral power 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.23.166058v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spontaneous fluctuations of neural activity have been shown to influence trial-by-trial variation in perceptual, cognitive, and behavioural outcomes. This implies that these fluctuations affect stimulus-related neural processes, and hence should affect stimulus-evoked neural activity. However, the mechanisms by which spontaneous neural activity shapes stimulus-evoked neural activity have rarely been examined. Employing a large-scale magnetoencephalographic dataset, as well as an electroencephalographic replication dataset, we observed that for high-frequency power, high pre-stimulus activity leads to greater evoked desynchronization (negative interaction); in contrast, for low-frequency power, high pre-stimulus activity induces greater event-related synchronization (positive interaction). We show that both positive and negative interactions are manifest primarily in cortical oscillations, rather than scale-free activity, and can also be observed in the time domain. In summary, we demonstrate positive and negative spontaneous-evoked interaction in multiple electrophysiological processes; these mechanisms "bridge the gap" between spontaneous and evoked activity and provide novel insights into how spontaneous activity influences behaviour and cognition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wainio-Theberge, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolff, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Northoff, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.23.166058</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bridging the gap - Spontaneous fluctuations shape stimulus-evoked spectral power]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.25.169573v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrative analysis of genomic variants reveals new associations of candidate haploinsufficient genes with congenital heart disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.25.169573v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) affects approximately 7-9 children per 1000 live births. Numerous genetic studies have established a role for rare genomic variants at the copy number variation (CNV) and single nucleotide variant level. In particular, the role of de novo mutations (DNM) has been highlighted in syndromic and non-syndromic CHD. To identify novel haploinsufficient CHD disease genes we performed an integrative analysis of CNVs and DNMs identified in probands with CHD including cases with sporadic thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA). We assembled CNV data from 7,958 cases and 14,082 controls and performed a gene-wise analysis of the burden of rare genomic deletions in cases versus controls. In addition, we performed mutation rate testing for DNMs identified in 2,489 parent-offspring trios. Our combined analysis revealed 21 genes which were significantly affected by rare genomic deletions and/or constrained non-synonymous de novo mutations in probands. Fourteen of these genes have previously been associated with CHD while the remaining genes (FEZ1, MYO16, ARID1B, NALCN, WAC, KDM5B and WHSC1) have only been associated in singletons and small cases series, or show new associations with CHD. In addition, a systems level analysis revealed shared contribution of CNV deletions and DNMs in CHD probands, affecting protein-protein interaction networks involved in Notch signaling pathway, heart morphogenesis, DNA repair and cilia/centrosome function. Taken together, this approach highlights the importance of re-analyzing existing datasets to strengthen disease association and identify novel disease genes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Audain, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilsdon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breckpot, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Izarzugaza, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fitzgerald, T. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anne-Karin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sifrim, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wuennemann, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez-Riverol, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdul-Khaliq, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bak, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bassett, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belmont, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benson, W. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berger, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daehnert, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devriendt, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dittrich, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daubeney, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garg, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hackmann, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoff, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hofmann, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dombrowsky, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pickardt, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bauer, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keavney, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klaassen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kramer, H.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marshall, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milewicz, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemaire, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coselli, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchell, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomita-Mitchell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prakash, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stamm, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silversides, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siebert, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stiller, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ros</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.25.169573</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrative analysis of genomic variants reveals new associations of candidate haploinsufficient genes with congenital heart disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.03.186999v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cardiomyocyte-specific Srsf3 deletion reveals a mitochondrial regulatory role 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.03.186999v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Srsf3 was recently reported as being necessary to preserve RNA stability via an mTOR mechanism in a cardiac mouse model in adulthood. Here, we demonstrate the link between Srsf3 and mitochondrial integrity in an embryonic cardiomyocyte-specific Srsf3 conditional knockout (cKO) mouse model. Fifteen-day-old Srsf3 cKO mice showed dramatically reduced (below 50%) survival and reduced left ventricular systolic performance, and histological analysis of these hearts revealed a significant increase in cardiomyocyte size, confirming the severe remodelling induced by Srsf3 deletion. RNA-seq analysis of the hearts of 5-day-old Srsf3 cKO mice revealed early changes in expression levels and alternative splicing of several transcripts related to mitochondrial integrity and oxidative phosphorylation. Likewise, the levels of several protein complexes of the electron transport chain decreased, and mitochondrial complex I-driven respiration of permeabilized cardiac muscle fibres from the left ventricle was impaired. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy analysis showed disordered mitochondrial length and cristae structure. Together with its indispensable role in the physiological maintenance of mouse hearts, these results highlight the previously unrecognized function of Srsf3 in regulating mitochondrial integrity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dumont, A.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dumont, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giguere, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pileggi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harper, M.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blondin, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Auger-Messier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.03.186999</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cardiomyocyte-specific Srsf3 deletion reveals a mitochondrial regulatory role]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.29.225532v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Vascular calcification has a role in acute non-renal phosphate clearance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.29.225532v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RationaleNon-renal extravasation of phosphate from the circulation and transient accumulation into tissues and extracellular fluid is a regulated process of acute phosphate homeostasis that is not well understood. Following oral consumption of phosphate, circulating levels normalize long before urinary excretion has been completed. This process is especially relevant in the setting of chronic kidney disease (CKD), where phosphate exposure is prolonged due to inefficient kidney excretion. Furthermore, CKD-associated dysregulation of mineral metabolism exacerbates pathological accumulation of phosphate causing vascular calcification (VC).

ObjectiveDetermine whether the systemic response to acute phosphate challenges is altered by the development and progression of VC.

Methods/ResultsAcute circulating and tissue deposition of an acute phosphate challenge was assessed in two rat models of VC using radio-labelled phosphate tracer. In an adenine-induced model of CKD with VC, animals with VC had a blunted elevation of circulating 33PO4 following oral phosphate administration and the discordant deposition could be traced to the calcifying vasculature. In a non-CKD model of VC, VC was induced with 0.5ug/kg calcitriol and then withdrawn. The radio-labelled phosphate challenge was given to assess for vascular preference for phosphate uptake with and without the presence of an active calcification stimulus. The new transport to the calcifying vasculature correlates to the pre-existing burden of calcification, and can be substantially attenuated by removing the stimulus for calcification. The accrual is stimulated by a phosphate challenge, and not present in the same degree during passive disposition of circulating phosphate.

ConclusionsOur data indicate that calcifying arteries alter the systemic disposition of a phosphate challenge and acutely deposit substantial phosphate. This study supports the importance of diet as it relates to acute fluctuations of circulating phosphate and the importance of bioavailability and meal-to-meal management in CKD patients as a mediator of cardiovascular risk.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Turner, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lansing, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeronimo, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Svajger, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zelt, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petkovich, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holden, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.29.225532</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Vascular calcification has a role in acute non-renal phosphate clearance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.30.229161v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intrinsic neural timescales related to sensory processing: Evidence from abnormal behavioural states 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.30.229161v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The brain exhibits a complex temporal structure which translates into a hierarchy of distinct neural timescales. An open question is how these intrinsic timescales are related to sensory or motor information processing and whether these dynamics have common patterns in different behavioural states. We address these questions by investigating the brains intrinsic timescales in healthy controls, motor (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, locked-in syndrome), sensory (anaesthesia, unresponsive wakefulness syndrome), and progressive reduction of sensory processing (from awake states over N1, N2, N3). We employed a combination of measures from EEG resting-state data: auto-correlation window (ACW), power spectral density (PSD), and power-law exponent (PLE). Prolonged neural timescales accompanied by a shift towards slower frequencies were observed in the conditions with sensory deficits, but not in conditions with motor deficits. Our results establish that the spontaneous activitys intrinsic neural timescale is related to specifically sensory rather than motor information processing in the healthy brain.

HighlightsO_LIEEG resting-state shows a hierarchy of intrinsic neural timescales.
C_LIO_LISensory deficits as in disorders of consciousness lead to prolonged intrinsic neuraltimescales.
C_LIO_LIClinical conditions with motor deficits do not show changes in intrinsic neural timescales.20
C_LI

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=156 SRC="FIGDIR/small/229161v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (35K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1893c45org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@d4176dorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@4dfaa8org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@183621e_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zilio, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez-Pilar, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hiromi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fogel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hohmann, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fomina, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Synofzik, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grosse-Wentrup, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Owen, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Northoff, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.30.229161</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intrinsic neural timescales related to sensory processing: Evidence from abnormal behavioural states]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.04.236760v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cortical thickness estimation in individuals with cerebral small vessel disease, focal atrophy, and chronic stroke lesions. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.04.236760v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundRegional changes to cortical thickness in individuals with neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases can be estimated using specialised neuroimaging software. However, the presence of cerebral small vessel disease, focal atrophy, and cortico-subcortical stroke lesions, pose significant challenges that increase the likelihood of misclassification errors and segmentation failures.

PurposeThe main goal of this study was to examine a correction procedure developed for enhancing FreeSurfers cortical thickness estimation tool, particularly when applied to the most challenging MRI obtained from participants with chronic stroke and cerebrovascular disease, with varying degrees of neurovascular lesions and brain atrophy.

MethodsIn 155 cerebrovascular disease patients enrolled in the Ontario Neurodegenerative Disease Research Initiative (ONDRI), FreeSurfer outputs were compared between a fully automated, unmodified procedure and a corrected procedure that accounted for potential sources of error due to atrophy and neurovascular lesions. Quality control (QC) measures were obtained from both procedures. Association between cortical thickness and global cognitive status as assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score was also investigated from both procedures.

ResultsCorrected procedures increased  Acceptable QC ratings from 18% to 76% for the cortical ribbon and from 38% to 92% for tissue segmentation. Corrected procedures reduced  Fail ratings from 11% to 0% for the cortical ribbon and 62% to 8% for tissue segmentation. FreeSurfer-based segmentation of T1-weighted white matter hypointensities were significantly greater in the corrected procedure (5.8mL vs. 15.9mL, p<0.001). The unmodified procedure yielded no significant associations with global cognitive status, whereas the corrected procedure yielded positive associations between MoCA total score and clusters of cortical thickness in the left superior parietal (p=0.018) and left insula (p=0.04) regions. Further analyses with the corrected cortical thickness results and MoCA subscores showed a positive association between left superior parietal cortical thickness and Attention (p<0.001).

ConclusionsThese findings suggest that correction procedures that account for brain atrophy and neurovascular lesions can significantly improve FreeSurfers segmentation results, reduce failure rates, and potentially increase sensitivity to examine brain-behaviour relationships. Future work will examine relationships between cortical thickness, cerebral small vessel disease, and neurodegenerative disease in the ONDRI study.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ozzoude, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramirez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raamana, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holmes, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, C. J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goubran, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tartaglia, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beaton, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strother, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Symons, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartha, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swartz, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Black, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>on behalf of the ONDRI Investigators,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.04.236760</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cortical thickness estimation in individuals with cerebral small vessel disease, focal atrophy, and chronic stroke lesions.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.10.245258v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Contributions of the Allopolyploid Parents of the Mesopolyploid Brassiceae are Evolutionarily Distinct but Functionally Compatible 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.10.245258v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The members of the tribe Brassiceae share a whole genome triplication (WGT), and one proposed model for its formation is a "two-step" pair of hybridizations producing hexaploid descendants. However, evidence for this model is incomplete, and the evolutionary and functional constraints that drove evolution after the hexaploidy are even less understood. Here we report a new genome sequence of Crambe hispanica, a species sister to most sequenced Brassiceae. Using this new genome and three others that share the hexaploidy, we traced the history of gene loss after the WGT using POInT (the Polyploidy Orthology Inference Tool). We confirm the two-step formation model and infer that there was a significant temporal gap between those two allopolyploidizations, with about a third of the gene losses from the first two subgenomes occurring prior to the arrival of the third. We also, for the 90,000 individual genes in our study, make parental "subgenome" assignments, inferring, with measured uncertainty, which of the progenitor genomes of the allohexaploidy each gene derives from. We further show that each subgenome has a statistically distinguishable rate of homoeolog losses. There is little indication of functional distinction between the three subgenomes: the individual subgenomes show no patterns of functional enrichment, no excess of shared protein-protein or metabolic interactions between their members, and no biases in their likelihood of having experienced a recent selective sweep. We propose a "mix and match" model of allopolyploidy, where subgenome origin drives homoeolog loss propensities but where genes from different subgenomes function together without difficulty.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mabry, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edger, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freeling, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>VanBuren, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colle, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abrahams, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barry, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daum, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmutz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sankoff, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barker, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyons, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pires, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conant, G. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.10.245258</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Contributions of the Allopolyploid Parents of the Mesopolyploid Brassiceae are Evolutionarily Distinct but Functionally Compatible]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.22.308072v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Higher-order sensorimotor circuit of the brain' global network supports human consciousness 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.22.308072v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The neural correlates of consciousness, defined as the minimum neuronal mechanisms sufficient for any conscious percept, are usually subject to different interpretations depending on whether one uses measures of local or global brain activities. We argue that the local regions may support consciousness by serving as hubs within the brains global network. We adopt a unique functional magnetic resonance imaging resting state dataset that encompasses various conscious states, including non-rapid eye movement (NREM)-sleep, rapid eye movement (REM)-sleep, anesthesia, and brain injury patients. Using a graph-theoretical measure for detecting local hubs within the brains global network, we identify various higher-order sensory and motor regions as hubs with significantly reduced degree centrality during unconsciousness. Additionally, these regions form a sensorimotor circuit which correlates with levels of consciousness. Our findings suggest that integration of higher-order sensorimotor function may be a key mechanism of consciousness. This opens novel perspectives for therapeutic modulation of unconsciousness.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hiromi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanabe, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fogel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hudetz, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stamatakis, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Northoff, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.22.308072</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Higher-order sensorimotor circuit of the brain' global network supports human consciousness]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.22.308205v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mis-splicing of Mdm2 leads to increased P53-activity and craniofacial defects in a MFDM Eftud2 mutant mouse model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.22.308205v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
EFTUD2, a GTPase and core component of the splicesome, is mutated in patients with mandibulofacial dysostosis with microcephaly (MFDM). We generated a mutant mouse line with conditional mutation in Eftud2 and used Wnt1-Cre2 to delete it in neural crest cells. Homozygous deletion of Eftud2 leads to neural crest cell death and malformations in the brain and craniofacial region of embryos. RNAseq analysis of embryonic mutant heads revealed a significant increase in exon skipping, in retained introns and enriched levels of Mdm2 transcripts lacking exon 3. Mutants also had increased nuclear P53, higher expression of P53-target genes, and increased cell death. Their craniofacial development was significantly improved when treated with Pifithrin-, an inihibitor of P53. We propose that craniofacial defects caused by mutations of EFTUD2 are a result of mis-splicing of Mdm2 and P53-associated cell death. Hence, drugs that reduce P53 activity may help prevent craniofacial defects associated with spliceosomopathies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Beauchamp, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Djedid, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bareke, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merkuri, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aber, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tam, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lines, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boycott, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stirling, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fish, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Majewski, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jerome-Majewska, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.22.308205</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mis-splicing of Mdm2 leads to increased P53-activity and craniofacial defects in a MFDM Eftud2 mutant mouse model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.19.346122v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cohesin components Stag1 and Stag2 differentially influence haematopoietic mesoderm development in zebrafish embryos 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.19.346122v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cohesin is a multiprotein complex made up of core subunits Smc1, Smc3 and Rad21, and either Stag1 or Stag2. Normal haematopoietic development relies on crucial functions of cohesin in cell division and regulation of gene expression via three-dimensional chromatin organisation. Cohesin subunit STAG2 is frequently mutated in myeloid malignancies, but the individual contributions of Stag variants to haematopoiesis or malignancy are not fully understood. Zebrafish have four Stag paralogues (Stag1a, Stag1b, Stag2a and Stag2b), allowing detailed genetic dissection of the contribution of Stag1-cohesin and Stag2-cohesin to development. Here we characterize for the first time the expression patterns and functions of zebrafish stag genes during embryogenesis. Using loss-of-function CRISPR-Cas9 zebrafish mutants, we show that stag1a and stag2b contribute to primitive embryonic haematopoiesis. Both stag1a and stag2b mutants present with erythropenia by 24 hours post-fertilisation. Homozygous loss of either paralog alters the number of haematopoietic/vascular progenitors in the lateral plate mesoderm. The lateral plate mesoderm zone of scl-positive cells is expanded in stag1a mutants with concomitant loss of kidney progenitors, and the number of spi1-positive cells are increased, consistent with skewing toward primitive myelopoiesis. In contrast, stag2b mutants have reduced haematopoietic/vascular mesoderm and downregulation of primitive erythropoiesis. Our results suggest that Stag1 and Stag2 proteins cooperate to balance the production of primitive haematopoietic/vascular progenitors from mesoderm.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ketharnathan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Labudina, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horsfield, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.19.346122</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cohesin components Stag1 and Stag2 differentially influence haematopoietic mesoderm development in zebrafish embryos]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.21.347807v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Plant Scaffolds Support Motor Recovery and Regeneration in Rat Spinal Cord Injury 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.21.347807v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
As of yet, no standard of care incorporates biomaterials to treat traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). However, intense development of biomaterials for treating SCI has focused on fabricating microscale channels to support the regrowth of axons while minimizing scar formation. We previously demonstrated that plant tissues could be decellularized and processed to form sterile, biocompatible and implantable biomaterials that support cell infiltration and vascularization in vivo. Vascularized plant tissues contain continuous microscale channels with geometries relevant for supporting neural regeneration. We hypothesized that decellularized vascular bundles would support neural regeneration and motor recovery in SCI. Sprague Dawley rats received a complete T8-T9 spinal cord transection and were implanted with acellular plant-derived scaffolds and allowed to recover over 28 weeks. Animals that received the scaffolds alone, with no other therapeutic compounds, demonstrated a significant and stable partial improvement in motor function compared to control animals as early as week 4 post-injury. Hind-limb motor function did not deteriorate over the remaining 28 weeks. Histological analysis revealed minimal astrocyte scarring at the spinal cord - scaffold interface, aligned axonal projection through the scaffolds, populations of serotonergic neurons and Schwann cells, laminin and collagen deposition and the presence of blood vessels. Axonal reconnection via the scaffold was also confirmed by Fluro-gold retrograde tracing. Taken together, our work defines a novel route for building upon naturally occurring plant microarchitectures to support the repair of the spinal cord post-injury. Notably, these results were achieved without the use of growth factors, stem/progenitor cells, or any other interventions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Modulevsky, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cuerrier, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leblanc-Latour, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hickey, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Obhi, R.-J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shore, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galuta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, K. L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pelling, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.21.347807</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Plant Scaffolds Support Motor Recovery and Regeneration in Rat Spinal Cord Injury]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.21.348599v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The genetic and linguistic structures of Abyssinians and their neighbor reveal the historical demographic dynamics and environmental adaptation in the African Horn region. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.21.348599v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The African Horn region that includes the Abyssinian is one of the areas in the world that harbor high human genetic diversity manifesting past intermingling of people of different origins attributed to its geographic immediacy to the middle east and being historical trade and religio-cultural hub. Here, we performed a genetic structure analysis of linguistically differentiated populations of Ethiopia, South Sudan, and Somali. To get insight into the genetic landscape of the horn of Africa against the rest of the world, we leverage HapMap SNPs data from Utah residents with Northern and Western European ancestry (CEU), Maasai (MKK), and Yoruba (YRI) and analyzed for genetic admixture and diversity. The genetic and linguistic affiliations mismatch for most Cushitic and Semitic language speakers. The gradients of genetic variations among the different sub-populations within the region show gene-flow directions and past mass population movements. Ethiopians that predominately inhabited the central and northern Ethiopia harbored ~10-15% of CEU admixture. The African horn ancestral line contributed a total of ~20%, 5%, and 2% to MKK, YRI, and CEU, respectively. MKK showed a high genetic diversity comparable to the Ethiopian Cushitic, Semitic, and North Omotic language speakers. Allelic distribution frequencies among the populations at some outlier loci may also provide insight into the adaptations to critical environmental factors such as Malaria.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sertse, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>B.Mersha, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Z. Habtewold, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.21.348599</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The genetic and linguistic structures of Abyssinians and their neighbor reveal the historical demographic dynamics and environmental adaptation in the African Horn region.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.06.371278v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Engineered Tissue Interfaces for in vitro and in vivo Bioengineering 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.06.371278v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In regenerative medicine, the healing of the interfacial zone between tissues is a major challenge, yet approaches for studying the complex microenvironment of this interface remain lacking. Here, we study these complex living interfaces by manufacturing modular "blocks" of naturally porous decellularized plant-derived scaffolds with a computer numerical controlled mill. We demonstrate how each scaffold can be seeded with different cell types and easily assembled in a manner akin to LEGO bricks to create an engineered tissue interface (ETI). Cells migrate across the interface formed between an empty scaffold and a scaffold pre-seeded with cells. However, when both scaffolds contain cells, only a shallow cross-over zone of cell infiltration forms at the interface. As a proof-of-concept study, we use ETIs to investigate the interaction between lab grown bone and connective tissues. Consistent with the above, a cross-over zone of the two distinct cell types forms at the interface between scaffolds, otherwise the populations remain distinct. Finally, we demonstrate how ETIs are biocompatible in vivo, becoming vascularized and integrated into surrounding tissue after implantation. This work creates new tissue design avenues for understanding biological processes or the development of synthetic artificial tissues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hickey, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leblanc Latour, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harden, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pelling, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.06.371278</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Engineered Tissue Interfaces for in vitro and in vivo Bioengineering]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.30.402917v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
YeastNet: Deep Learning Enabled Accurate Segmentation of Budding Yeast Cells in Bright-field Microscopy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.30.402917v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accurate and efficient segmentation of live-cell images is critical in maximising data extraction and knowledge generation from high-throughput biology experiments. Despite recent development of deep learning tools for biomedical imaging applications, great demand for automated segmentation tools for high-resolution live-cell microscopy images remains in order to accelerate the analysis. YeastNet dramatically improves the performance of non-trainable classic algorithm, and performs considerably better than the current state-of-the-art yeast cell segmentation tools. We have designed and trained a U-Net convolutional network (named YeastNet) to conduct semantic segmentation on bright-field microscopy images and generate segmentation masks for cell labelling and tracking. YeastNet enables accurate automatic segmentation and tracking of yeast cells in biomedical applications. YeastNet is freely provided with model weights as a Python package on GitHub. https://github.com/kaernlab/YeastNet
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Salem, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cuperlovic-Culf, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phenix, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaern, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.30.402917</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[YeastNet: Deep Learning Enabled Accurate Segmentation of Budding Yeast Cells in Bright-field Microscopy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.10.418764v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mesolimbic opioid-dopamine interaction is disrupted in obesity but recovered by weight loss following bariatric surgery 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.10.418764v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundObesity is a growing burden to health and economy worldwide. Obesity is associated with central -opioid receptor (MOR) downregulation, and the interaction between MOR and dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) system in the ventral striatum is disrupted among obese subjects. Weight loss recovers MOR function, but it remains unknown whether it also recovers aberrant opioid-dopamine interaction. Here we addressed this issue by studying subjects undergoing surgical weight loss (bariatric surgery) procedure.

MethodsWe recruited 20 healthy non-obese (mean BMI 22) and 25 morbidly obese women (mean BMI 41) eligible for bariatric surgery. Brain MOR and D2R availability was measured using positron emission tomography (PET) with [11C]carfentanil and [11C]raclopride, respectively. Either Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy was performed to obese subjects according to standard clinical treatment. 21 obese subjects participated in the postoperative PET scanning six months after bariatric surgery.

ResultsIn the control subjects, MOR and D2R availabilities were associated in the ventral striatum (r = .62) and dorsal caudate (r = .61). Preoperatively, the obese subjects had disrupted association in the ventral striatum (r = .12) but unaltered association in dorsal caudate (r = .43). The association between MOR and D2R availabilities in the ventral striatum was recovered (r = .62) among obese subjects following the surgery-induced weight loss (mean total weight loss 22 %).

ConclusionsBariatric surgery and concomitant weight loss recovers the interaction between MOR and D2R in the ventral striatum in the morbidly obese. Consequently, the dysfunctional opioid-dopamine interaction in the ventral striatum is likely associated with an obese phenotype and may mediate excessive energy uptake. Striatal opioid-dopamine interaction provides a feasible target for pharmacological and behavioural interventions for treating obesity.

Clinical Trials RegistrationSleevePET2, NCT01373892, http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Karlsson, H. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuominen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salminen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nuutila, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nummenmaa, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.10.418764</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mesolimbic opioid-dopamine interaction is disrupted in obesity but recovered by weight loss following bariatric surgery]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.17.423201v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A unified theory of E/I synaptic balance, quasicritical neuronal avalanches and asynchronous irregular spiking 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.17.423201v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuronal avalanches and asynchronous irregular (AI) firing patterns have been thought to represent distinct frameworks to understand the brain spontaneous activity. The former is typically present in systems where there is a balance between the slow accumulation of tension and its fast dissipation, whereas the latter is accompanied by the balance between synaptic excitation and inhibition (E/I). Here, we develop a new theory of E/I balance that relies on two homeostatic adaptation mechanisms: the short-term depression of inhibition and the spike-dependent threshold increase. First, we turn off the adaptation and show that the so-called static system has a typical critical point commonly attributed to self-organized critical models. Then, we turn on the adaptation and show that the network evolves to a dynamic regime in which: (I) E/I synapses balance regardless of any parameter choice; (II) an AI firing pattern emerges; and (III) neuronal avalanches display power laws. This is the first time that these three phenomena appear simultaneously in the same network activity. Thus, we show that the once thought opposing frameworks may be unified into a single dynamics, provided that adaptation mechanisms are in place. In our model, the AI firing pattern is a direct consequence of the hovering close to the critical line where external inputs are compensated by threshold growth, creating synaptic balance for any E/I weight ratio.

HighlightsO_LIAsynchronous irregular (AI) firing happens together with power-law neuronal avalanches under self-organized synaptic balance.
C_LIO_LISelf-organization towards the critical and balanced state (with AI and power-law avalanches) occur via short-term inhibition depression and firing threshold adaptation.
C_LIO_LIThe avalanche exponents match experimental findings.
C_LIO_LIThe adaptation time scales drive the self-organized dynamics towards different firing regimes.
C_LI

Author summaryTwo competing frameworks are employed to understand the brain spontaneous activity, both of which are backed by computational and experimental evidence: globally asynchronous and locally irregular (AI) activity arises in excitatory/inhibitory balanced networks subjected to external stimuli, whereas avalanche activity emerge in excitable systems on the critical point between active and inactive states. Here, we develop a new theory for E/I networks and show that there is a state where synaptic balance coexists with AI firing and power-law distributed neuronal avalanches. This regime is achieved through the introducing of short-term depression of inhibitory synapses and spike-dependent threshold adaptation. Thus, the system self-organizes towards the balance point, such that its AI activity arises from quasicritical fluctuations. The need for two independent adaptive mechanisms explains why different dynamical states are observed in the brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Girardi-Schappo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galera, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carvalho, T. T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brochini, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamiji, N. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roque, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinouchi, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.17.423201</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A unified theory of E/I synaptic balance, quasicritical neuronal avalanches and asynchronous irregular spiking]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.22.423783v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rare coding variants in 35 genes associate with circulating lipid levels: a multi-ancestry analysis of 170,000 exomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.22.423783v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Large-scale gene sequencing studies for complex traits have the potential to identify causal genes with therapeutic implications. We performed gene-based association testing of blood lipid levels with rare (minor allele frequency<1%) predicted damaging coding variation using sequence data from >170,000 individuals from multiple ancestries: 97,493 European, 30,025 South Asian, 16,507 African, 16,440 Hispanic/Latino, 10,420 East Asian, and 1,182 Samoan. We identified 35 genes associated with circulating lipid levels. Ten of these: ALB, SRSF2, JAK2, CREB3L3, TMEM136, VARS, NR1H3, PLA2G12A, PPARG and STAB1 have not been implicated for lipid levels using rare coding variation in population-based samples. We prioritize 32 genes identified in array-based genome-wide association study (GWAS) loci based on gene-based associations, of which three: EVI5, SH2B3, and PLIN1, had no prior evidence of rare coding variant associations. Most of the associated genes showed evidence of association in multiple ancestries. Also, we observed an enrichment of gene-based associations for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol drug target genes, and for genes closest to GWAS index single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). Our results demonstrate that gene-based associations can be beneficial for drug target development and provide evidence that the gene closest to the array-based GWAS index SNP is often the functional gene for blood lipid levels.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hindy, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dornbos, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaffin, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguilar-Salinas, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antonacci-Fulton, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ardissino, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnett, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aslibekyan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atzmon, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ballantyne, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barajas-Olmos, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barzilai, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becker, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bielak, L. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bis, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blangero, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boerwinkle, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonnycastle, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bottinger, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowden, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bown, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brody, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Broome, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burtt, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cade, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Centeno-Cruz, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-D. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chowdhury, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Contreras-Cubas, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cordova, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Correa, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cupples, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curran, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danesh,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.22.423783</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rare coding variants in 35 genes associate with circulating lipid levels: a multi-ancestry analysis of 170,000 exomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.09.434522v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A common polymorphism that protects from cardiovascular disease increases fibronectin processing and secretion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.09.434522v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundFibronectin (FN1) is an essential regulator of homodynamic processes and tissue remodeling which has been proposed to contribute to atherosclerosis. Moreover, recent large scale genome wide association studies have linked common genetic variants within the FN1 gene to coronary artery disease (CAD) risk.

MethodsPublic databases were analyzed by two-Sample Mendelian Randomization. Expression constructs encoding short FN1 reporter constructs and full-length plasma FN1, differing in the polymorphism, were designed and introduced in various cell models. Secreted and cellular levels were then analyzed and quantified by SDS-PAGE and fluorescence approaches. Mass spectrometry and glycosylation analyses were performed to probe possible post-transcriptional differences.

ResultsHigher FN1 protein levels in plasma associates with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Moreover, common CAD risk SNPs in the FN1 locus associate with circulating levels of FN1. This region is shown to encompass a L15Q polymorphism within the FN1 signal peptide. The presence of the minor allele that predisposes to CAD, corresponding to the Q15 variant, alters glycosylation and reduces FN1 secretion in a direction consistent with the bioinformatic analyses.

ConclusionIn addition to providing novel functional evidence implicating FN1 as a protective force in cardiovascular disease, these findings demonstrate that a common variant within a secretion signal peptide regulates protein function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Soubeyrand, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lau, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nikpay, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dang, A.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McPherson, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.09.434522</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A common polymorphism that protects from cardiovascular disease increases fibronectin processing and secretion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.01.438043v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Increasing role of pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles funestus in malaria transmission in the Lake Zone, Tanzania: implications for the evaluation of novel vector control products 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.01.438043v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Anopheles funestus is playing an increasing role in malaria transmission in parts of sub-Saharan Africa, where An. gambiae s.s. has been effectively controlled by long-lasting insecticidal nets. We investigated vector population bionomics, insecticide resistance and malaria transmission dynamics in 86 study clusters in North-West Tanzania. An. funestus s.l. represented 94.5% (4740/5016) of all vectors and was responsible for the majority of malaria transmission (96.5%), with a sporozoite rate of 3.4% and average monthly entomological inoculation rate (EIR) of 4.57 per house. Micro-geographical heterogeneity in species composition, abundance and transmission was observed across the study district in relation to key ecological differences between northern and southern clusters, with significantly higher densities, proportions and EIR of An. funestus s.l. collected from the south. An. gambiae s.l. (5.5%) density, principally An. arabiensis (81.1%) and An. gambiae s.s. (18.9%), was much lower and closely correlated with seasonal rainfall. Both An. funestus s.l. and An. gambiae s.l. were similarly resistant to alpha-cypermethrin and permethrin. Overexpression of CYP9K1, CYP6P3, CYP6P4 and CYP6M2 and high L1014F-kdr mutation frequency were detected in An. gambiae s.s. populations. Study findings highlight the urgent need for novel vector control tools to tackle persistent malaria transmission in the Lake Region of Tanzania.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Matowo, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kulkarni, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mosha, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lukole, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isaya, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shirima, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaaya, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moyes, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hancock, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rowland, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manjurano, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mosha, F. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Protopopoff, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Messenger, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.01.438043</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Increasing role of pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles funestus in malaria transmission in the Lake Zone, Tanzania: implications for the evaluation of novel vector control products]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.08.439087v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Expression Pattern of miR-17, -24, -124 and -145 as Diagnostic Factor for Metastatic Gastric Cancer; a Lesson from Gastric Cancer Stem cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.08.439087v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundDistant metastasis of Gastric Cancer (GC) causes more than 700 000 deaths worldwide. Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cancer cells responsible for aggressiveness and chemoresistance in clinical settings. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) emerge as important players in regulating self-renewal and metastasis in CSCs. Understanding the role of miRNAs in CSCs offer a potential diagnostic tool for GC patients. This study is aimed to identify miRNAs that target both stemness and metastasis in gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs) and differentially expressed in metastatic GC patients as diagnostic biomarkers for GC metastasis.

MethodsWe investigate the gene expression profile of patients using the GEO database and Rstudio software. To obtain the regulatory networks and miRNAs, the STRING and miRwalk database used. The gastric cancer tissues were obtained from Iranian National Tumor Bank (INTB) to validate the results.

ResultsOur results indicated three important regulatory cores affecting the immune systems regulation, tumor progress, and metastasis. Based on the bioinformatics results, four miRNAs miR-17-5p, miR-24-3p, miR-124-3p, and miR-145-5p, were selected, and their expression pattern was evaluated in 10 patients metastatic tumors compared to 10 nonmetastatic tumors by real-time PCR. The expression level of mir-17, -24, and -124 was upregulated about 8, 10, 60 folds, respectively, and miR-145 was down-regulated 4.5 folds in metastatic tumors compared to nonmetastatic tumors.

Conclusionthe high expression level of miR-17, -24, -124, and low level of miR-145 in GC patients samples could be a potential biomarker for the presence of GCSCs and the diagnosis of metastasis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yasavoli-Sharahi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahangiri-Tazehkand, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iranmehr, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eslahchi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emami Razavi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moradi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shayan Asl, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Memari, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ebrahimi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.08.439087</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Expression Pattern of miR-17, -24, -124 and -145 as Diagnostic Factor for Metastatic Gastric Cancer; a Lesson from Gastric Cancer Stem cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.24.441277v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lhx2 is a progenitor-intrinsic modulator of Sonic Hedgehog signaling during early retinal neurogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.24.441277v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
An important question in organogenesis is how tissue-specific transcription factors interact with signaling pathways. In some cases, transcription factors define the context for how signaling pathways elicit tissue- or cell-specific responses, and in others, they influence signaling through transcriptional regulation of signaling components or accessory factors. We previously showed that during optic vesicle patterning, the Lim-homeodomain transcription factor Lhx2 has a contextual role by linking the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) pathway to downstream targets without regulating the pathway itself. Here, we show that during early retinal neurogenesis, Lhx2 is a multilevel regulator of Shh signaling. Specifically, Lhx2 acts cell autonomously to control the expression of pathway genes required for efficient activation and maintenance of signaling in retinal progenitor cells. The Shh co-receptors Cdon and Gas1 are candidate direct targets of Lhx2 that mediate pathway activation, whereas Lhx2 directly or indirectly promotes the expression of other pathway components important for activation and sustained signaling. We also provide genetic evidence suggesting that Lhx2 has a contextual role by linking the Shh pathway to downstream targets. Through these interactions, Lhx2 establishes the competence for Shh signaling in retinal progenitors and the context for the pathway to promote early retinal neurogenesis. The temporally distinct interactions between Lhx2 and the Shh pathway in retinal development illustrate how transcription factors and signaling pathways adapt to meet stage-dependent requirements of tissue formation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaynes, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuller, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ringuette, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santiago, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallace, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blackshaw, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LEVINE, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.24.441277</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lhx2 is a progenitor-intrinsic modulator of Sonic Hedgehog signaling during early retinal neurogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.01.454640v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Investigating the Contribution of White Matter Hyperintensities and Cortical Thickness to Empathy in Neurodegenerative and Cerebrovascular Diseases 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.01.454640v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Introduction: Change in empathy is an increasingly recognised symptom of neurodegenerative diseases and contributes to caregiver burden and patient distress. Empathy impairment has been associated with brain atrophy but its relationship to white matter hyperintensities (WMH) is unknown. We aimed to investigate the relationships amongst WMH, brain atrophy, and empathy deficits in neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases.

Methods: 513 participants with Alzheimers Disease/Mild Cognitive Impairment, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD), Parkinsons Disease, or Cerebrovascular Disease (CVD) were included. Empathy was assessed using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index. WMH were measured using a semi-automatic segmentation and FreeSurfer was used to measure cortical thickness.

Results: A heterogeneous pattern of cortical thinning was found between groups, with FTD showing thinning in frontotemporal regions and CVD in left superior parietal, left insula, and left postcentral. Results from both univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that several variables were associated with empathy, particularly cortical thickness in the fronto-insulo-temporal and cingulate regions, sex(female), global cognition, and right parietal and occipital WMH.

Conclusions: Our results suggest that cortical atrophy and WMH may be associated with empathy deficits in neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases. Future work should consider investigating the longitudinal effects of WMH and atrophy on empathy deficits in neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ozzoude, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varriano, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beaton, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramirez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holmes, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, C. J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sunderland, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McLaughlin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rabin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goubran, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberts, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartha, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Symons, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swartz, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abrahao, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saposnik, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masellis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lang, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marras, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zinman, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shoesmith, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borrie, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischer, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frank, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freedman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montero-Odasso, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pasternak, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strother, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pollock, B. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajji, T. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seitz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang-wai, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chum, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turnbull, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dowlatshahi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hassan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casaubon, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mandzia, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahlas, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breen, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grimes,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.01.454640</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Investigating the Contribution of White Matter Hyperintensities and Cortical Thickness to Empathy in Neurodegenerative and Cerebrovascular Diseases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.04.455140v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Contribution of single mutations to selected SARS-CoV-2 emerging variants Spike antigenicity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.04.455140v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Towards the end of 2020, multiple variants of concern (VOCs) and variants of interest (VOIs) have arisen from the original SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1 strain. Mutations in the Spike protein are highly scrutinized for their impact on transmissibility, pathogenesis and vaccine efficacy. Here, we contribute to the growing body of literature on emerging variants by evaluating the impact of single mutations on the overall antigenicity of selected variants and their binding to the ACE2 receptor. We observe a differential contribution of single mutants to the global variants phenotype related to ACE2 interaction and antigenicity. Using biolayer interferometry, we observe that enhanced ACE2 interaction is mostly modulated by a decrease in off-rate. Finally, we made the interesting observation that the Spikes from tested emerging variants bind better to ACE2 at 37{degrees}C compared to the D614G variant. Whether improved ACE2 binding at higher temperature facilitates emerging variants transmission remain to be demonstrated.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gong, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chatterjee, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richard, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prevost, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tauzin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gasser, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vezina, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goyette, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gendron-Lepage, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medjahed, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cote, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finzi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.04.455140</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Contribution of single mutations to selected SARS-CoV-2 emerging variants Spike antigenicity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.20.457136v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Different neural codes serve long and short-term memory functions in primate Hippocampus and Lateral Prefrontal Cortex during virtual navigation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.20.457136v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The hippocampus (HPC) and the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) are two cortical areas of the primate brain deemed essential to cognition. Here we hypothesize that the codes mediating neuronal communication in HPC and LPFC microcircuits have distinctively evolved to serve plasticity and memory function at different spatiotemporal scales. We used a virtual reality task in which animals navigated through a maze using a joystick and selected one of two targets in the arms of the maze according to a learned context-color rule. We found that neurons and neuronal populations in both regions encode similar information about the task. Moreover, we demonstrate that many HPC neurons concentrate spikes into bursts, whereas most layer II/III LPFC neurons sparsely distribute spikes over time. As the animals learned the task HPC neurons, but not LPFC neurons, increased their burst rate as a function of performance. When integrating spike rates over short intervals, HPC neuronal ensembles reached maximum decoded information with fewer neurons than LPFC ensembles. Our results show that during associative learning HPC principal cells concentrate spikes in bursts enabling temporal summation and fast synaptic plasticity in small populations of neurons and ultimately facilitating rapid encoding of associative memories. On the other hand, layers II/III LPFC pyramidal cells fire spikes more sparsely distributed in time and over a larger number of neurons. The latter would facilitate broadcasting of signals loaded in short term memory across neuronal populations without necessarily triggering fast synaptic plasticity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Corrigan, B. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gulli, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doucet, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roussy, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luna, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sachs, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez-Trujillo, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.20.457136</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Different neural codes serve long and short-term memory functions in primate Hippocampus and Lateral Prefrontal Cortex during virtual navigation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.01.456741v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Engineering genetically-encoded synthetic biomarkers for breath-based cancer detection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.01.456741v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Breath analysis holds great promise for rapid, noninvasive early cancer detection; however, clinical implementation is impeded by limited signal from nascent tumors and high background expression by non-malignant tissues. To address this issue, we developed a novel breath-based reporter system for early cancer detection using D-limonene, a volatile organic compound (VOC) from citrus fruit that is not produced in humans, in order to minimize background signal and maximize sensitivity and specificity for cancer detection. We metabolically engineered HeLa human cervical cancer cells to express limonene at levels detectable by mass spectrometry by introducing a single plant gene encoding limonene synthase. To improve limonene production and detection sensitivity twofold, we genetically co-expressed a modified form of a key enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. In a HeLa xenograft tumor mouse model, limonene is a sensitive and specific volatile reporter of tumor presence and growth, permitting detection of tumors as small as 5 mm. Moreover, tumor detection in mice improves proportionally with breath sampling time. By continuously collecting VOCs for 10 hours, we improve sensitivity for cancer detection 100-fold over static headspace sampling methods. Whole-body physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling and simulation of tumor-derived limonene predicts detection of tumors as small as 7 mm in humans, equivalent to the detection limit of clinical imaging modalities, such as PET, yet far more economical.

Significance StatementWe developed a breath-based reporter system using the plant terpene, D-limonene - a volatile secondary metabolite that gives citrus fruit its characteristic scent but is not produced in human tissues - as a biomarker for early cancer detection. Results from this study could pave the way for in vivo gene delivery and tumor-specific expression of exogenous volatile cancer reporters with broad applicability to the early diagnosis of a wide variety of cancers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vermesh, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Souza, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alam, I. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wardak, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McLaughlin, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El Rami, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sathirachinda, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bell, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hori, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gross, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gambhir, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.01.456741</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Engineering genetically-encoded synthetic biomarkers for breath-based cancer detection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.18.460883v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intrinsic neural activity predisposes susceptibility to a body illusion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.18.460883v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Susceptibility to the rubber hand illusion (RHI) varies. Thus far, however, there is no consensus as regards how to explain this variation. Previous studies, focused on the role of multisensory integration, have searched for neural correlates of the illusion. Those studies, however, have failed to identify a sufficient set of functionally specific neural correlates. An alternative explanation of the illusion is that it results from demand characteristics, chiefly variability in the disposition to respond to imaginative suggestion: the degree to which intrinsic neural activity allows for a blurring of boundaries between self and external objects. Some evidence suggests that frontal  power is one means of tracking neural instantiations of self; therefore, we hypothesized that the higher the frontal  power during eyes-closed resting state, the more stable the self. As a corollary, we infer that the more stable the self, the less susceptible are participants to a blurring of boundaries--to feeling that the rubber hand belongs to them. Indeed, we found that frontal  amplitude oscillations negatively correlate with susceptibility. Moreover, since  and {delta} oscillations seem to be associated in pathological states that allow for a blurring of boundaries between self and external objects, we conjectured that the high frontal  power observed in low-RHI participants is modulated by {delta} frequency oscillations. Indeed, we found this to be the case. Based on our findings we propose that the two explanatory frameworks might be complementary: that is, the neural correlates of multisensory integration might be necessary for the RHI, but a sufficient explanation requires investigation of variable intrinsic neural activity that acts to modulate how the brain responds to incompatible sensory stimuli.

Highlights~Intrinsic frontal  power negatively correlates with susceptibility to the RHI.
~Intrinsic  power modulated by {delta} oscillations varies with susceptibility to the RHI.
~Sufficient explanation of RHI requires understanding of intrinsic neural dispositions that regulate the boundary between self and the external world.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hsu, T.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Northoff, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, S.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lane, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.18.460883</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intrinsic neural activity predisposes susceptibility to a body illusion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.30.462504v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ModelMatcher: A scientist-centric online platform to facilitate collaborations between stakeholders of rare and undiagnosed disease research 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.30.462504v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Next-generation sequencing is a prevalent diagnostic tool for undiagnosed diseases, and has played a significant role in rare disease gene discovery. While this technology resolves some cases, others are given a list of possibly damaging genetic variants necessitating functional studies. Productive collaborations between scientists, clinicians, and patients can help resolve such medical mysteries, and provide insights into in vivo function of human genes. Furthermore, facilitating interactions between scientists and research funders, including non-profit organizations or commercial entities, can dramatically reduce the time to translate discoveries from bench to bedside. Several systems designed to connect clinicians and researchers with a shared gene of interest have been successful. However, these platforms exclude some stakeholders based on their role or geography. Here we describe ModelMatcher, a global online matchmaking tool designed to facilitate cross-disciplinary collaborations, especially between scientists and other stakeholders of rare and undiagnosed disease research. ModelMatcher is integrated into the Rare Diseases Models and Mechanisms Network and Matchmaker Exchange, allowing users to identify potential collaborators in other registries. This living database decreases the time from when a scientist or clinician is making discoveries regarding their genes of interest, to when they identify collaborators and sponsors to facilitate translational and therapeutic research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Harnish, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogic, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poirier-Morency, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Undiagnosed Diseases Network,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boycott, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wangler, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bellen, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hieter, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pavlidis, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamamoto, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.30.462504</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ModelMatcher: A scientist-centric online platform to facilitate collaborations between stakeholders of rare and undiagnosed disease research]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.07.463583v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BDNF signaling in Hebbian and Stentian structural plasticity in the developing visual system 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.07.463583v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During development, patterned neural activity instructs topographic map refinement. Axons with similar patterns of neural activity, converge onto target neurons and stabilize their synapses with these postsynaptic partners, restricting exploratory branch elaboration (Hebbian structural plasticity). On the other hand, non-correlated firing in inputs leads to synapse weakening and increased exploratory growth of axons (Stentian structural plasticity). We used visual stimulation to control the correlation structure of neural activity in a few ipsilaterally projecting (ipsi) retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons with respect to the majority contralateral eye inputs in the optic tectum of albino Xenopus laevis tadpoles. Multiphoton live imaging of ipsi axons, combined with specific targeted disruptions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling, revealed that both presynaptic p75NTR and TrkB are required for Stentian axonal branch addition, whereas presumptive postsynaptic BDNF signaling is necessary for Hebbian axon stabilization. Additionally, we found that BDNF signaling mediates local suppression of branch elimination in response to correlated firing of inputs. Daily In vivo imaging of contralateral RGC axons demonstrated that p75NTR knockdown reduces axon branch elongation and arbor spanning field volume.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kutsarova, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schohl, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bilash, O. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruthazer, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.07.463583</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BDNF signaling in Hebbian and Stentian structural plasticity in the developing visual system]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.17.464702v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
14-3-3ζ constrains insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells by regulating mitochondrial function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.17.464702v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While critical for neurotransmitter synthesis in the brain, members of the 14-3-3 protein family are often assumed to have redundant, over-lapping roles due to their high sequence homology and ubiquitous expression. Despite this assumption, various mammalian 14-3-3 isoforms have now been implicated in regulating cellular and organismal metabolism; however, these functions were primarily observed in cell lines or from systemic knockout mouse models. To date, we have begun to define the contributions of 14-3-3{zeta} in adipocytes, but whether 14-3-3{zeta} has additional metabolic roles in other cell types, such as the pancreatic {beta}-cell, is unclear. We previously documented a pro-survival role of 14-3-3{zeta} in MIN6 insulinoma cells, as depletion of 14-3-3{zeta} induced cell death, but paradoxically, whole-body deletion of 14-3-3{zeta} in mice resulted in significantly enlarged {beta}-cell area with no effects on insulin secretion. To better understand the role of 14-3-3{zeta} in {beta}-cells, we generated {beta}-cell-specific 14-3-3{zeta} knockout ({beta}14-3-3{zeta}KO) mice, and while no differences in {beta}-cell mass were observed, {beta}14-3-3{zeta}KO mice displayed potentiated insulin secretion due to enhanced mitochondrial function and ATP synthesis. Deletion of 14-3-3{zeta} led to profound changes to the {beta}-cell transcriptome, where pathways associated with mitochondrial respiration and oxidative phosphorylation were upregulated. Acute treatment of mouse islets and human islets with pan-14-3-3 inhibitors recapitulated the potentiation in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and mitochondrial function, suggesting that 14-3-3{zeta} is a critical isoform in {beta}-cells that regulates GSIS. In dysfunctional db/db islets and islets from type 2 diabetic donors, expression of Ywhaz/YWHAZ, the gene encoding 14-3-3{zeta}, was inversely associated with insulin secretory capacity, and pan-14-3-3 protein inhibition was capable of enhancing GSIS and mitochondrial function. Taken together, this study demonstrates important regulatory functions of 14-3-3{zeta} and its related isoforms in insulin secretion and mitochondrial function in {beta}-cells. A deeper understanding of how 14-3-3{zeta} influences {beta}-cell function will further advance our knowledge of how insulin secretion from {beta}-cells is regulated.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mugabo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fadzeyeva, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pare, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galipeau, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ast, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Broichhagen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hodson, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mulvihill, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petropoulos, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.17.464702</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[14-3-3ζ constrains insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells by regulating mitochondrial function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.21.465149v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SOCS3-mediated activation of p53-p21-NRF2 axis and cellular adaptation to oxidative stress in SOCS1-deficient hepatocellular carcinoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.21.465149v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SOCS1 and SOCS3 genes, frequently repressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), function as tumor suppressors in hepatocytes. However, TCGA transcriptomic data revealed that SOCS1-low/SOCS3-high specimens displayed more aggressive HCC than SOCS1-low/SOCS3-low cases. We show that hepatocyte-specific Socs1-deficient livers upregulate Socs3 expression following genotoxic stress. Whereas deletion of Socs1 or Socs3 increased HCC susceptibility, ablation of both genes attenuated HCC growth. SOCS3 promotes p53 activation in SOCS1-deficient livers, leading to increased expression of CDKN1A (p21WAF1/CIP1), which coincides with elevated expression and transcriptional activity of NRF2. Deleting Cdkn1a in SOCS1-deficient livers diminished NRF2 activation, oxidative stress and HCC progression. Elevated CDKN1A expression and enrichment of antioxidant response genes also characterized SOCS1-low/SOCS3-high HCC. SOCS1 expression in HCC cell lines reduced oxidative stress, p21 expression and NRF2 activation. Our findings demonstrate that SOCS1 controls the oncogenic potential of SOCS3-driven p53-p21-NRF2 axis and suggest that NRF2-mediated antioxidant response represents a drug target in SOCS1-deficient HCC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Khan, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boufaied, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeganeh, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kandhi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagheri, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petkiewicz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoshimura, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferbeyre, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Labbe, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramanathan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ilangumaran, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.21.465149</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SOCS3-mediated activation of p53-p21-NRF2 axis and cellular adaptation to oxidative stress in SOCS1-deficient hepatocellular carcinoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.28.466336v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mapping neurotransmitter systems to the structural and functional organization of the human neocortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.28.466336v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurotransmitter receptors support the propagation of signals in the human brain. How receptor systems are situated within macroscale neuroanatomy and how they shape emergent function remains poorly understood, and there exists no comprehensive atlas of receptors. Here we collate positron emission tomography data from >1 200 healthy individuals to construct a whole-brain 3-D normative atlas of 19 receptors and transporters across 9 different neurotransmitter systems. We find that receptor profiles align with structural connectivity and mediate function, including neurophysiological oscillatory dynamics and resting state hemodynamic functional connectivity. Using the Neurosynth cognitive atlas, we uncover a topographic gradient of overlapping receptor distributions that separates extrinsic and intrinsic psychological processes. Finally, we find both expected and novel associations between receptor distributions and cortical thinning patterns across 13 disorders. We replicate all findings in an independently collected autoradiography dataset. This work demonstrates how chemoarchitecture shapes brain structure and function, providing a new direction for studying multi-scale brain organization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hansen, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shafiei, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markello, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smart, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cox, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallezot, J.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aumont, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Servaes, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scala, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dubois, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wainstein, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bezgin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Funck, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmitz, T. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spreng, R. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soucy, J.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baillet, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guimond, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hietala, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bedard, M.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leyton, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kobayashi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosa-Neto, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palomero-Gallagher, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shine, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carson, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuominen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dagher, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Misic, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.28.466336</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mapping neurotransmitter systems to the structural and functional organization of the human neocortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.01.466823v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quality-controlled R-loop meta-analysis reveals the characteristics of R-Loop consensus regions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.01.466823v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
R-loops are three-stranded nucleic acid structures formed from the hybridization of RNA and DNA during transcription. While the pathological consequences of R-loops have been well-studied to date, the locations, classes, and dynamics of physiological R-loops remain poorly understood. R-loop mapping studies provide insight into R-loop dynamics, but their findings are challenging to generalize. This is due to the narrow biological scope of individual studies, the limitations of each mapping modality, and, in some cases, poor data quality. In this study, we reprocessed 693 R-loop mapping datasets from a wide array of biological conditions and mapping modalities. From this data resource, we developed an accurate method for R-loop data quality control, and we reveal the extent of poor-quality data within previously published studies. We then identified a set of high-confidence R-loop mapping samples and used them to define consensus R-loop sites called "R-loop regions" (RL regions). In the process, we revealed the stark divergence between S9.6 and dRNH-based R-loop mapping methods and identified biologically meaningful subtypes of both constitutive and variable R-loops. Taken together, this work provides a much-needed method to assess R-loop data quality and reveals intriguing aspects of R-loop biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Miller, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montemayor, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdul, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vines, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frost, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chedin, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bishop, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.01.466823</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quality-controlled R-loop meta-analysis reveals the characteristics of R-Loop consensus regions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.08.467795v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Central and peripheral delivery of AAV9-SMN target different pathomechanisms in a mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.08.467795v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neuromuscular disease caused by loss of the SMN1 gene. Although lower motor neurons are a primary target, there is evidence that peripheral organ defects contribute to SMA. Current SMA gene therapy uses a single, high titre intravenous bolus of AAV9-SMN resulting in impressive, yet limited amelioration of the clinical phenotype. However, risks of this treatment include liver toxicity. Intrathecal administration is under clinical trial but was interrupted due to safety concerns in a concomitant animal study. As there is no direct comparison between the different delivery strategies while avoiding high dose toxicity, we injected SMA mice with low dose scAAV9-cba-SMN either intravenously (IV) for peripheral SMN restoration or intracerebroventricularly (ICV) for CNS-focused SMN restoration. Here, IV injections restored SMN in peripheral tissues but not CNS, while ICV injections mildly increased SMN in the periphery and the CNS. Consequently, only ICV treatment rescued motor neuron degeneration. Surprisingly, both treatments resulted in an impressive rescue of survival, weight, motor function, and peripheral phenotypes including liver and pancreas pathology. Our work highlights independent contributions of peripheral organs to SMA pathology and suggests that treatments should not be restricted to the motor neuron.

Graphical Abstract

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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Reilly, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deguise, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beauvais, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yaworski, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thebault, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tessier, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tabard-Cossa, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hensel, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schneider, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kothary, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.08.467795</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Central and peripheral delivery of AAV9-SMN target different pathomechanisms in a mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.30.469876v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Correspondence between gene expression and neurotransmitter receptor and transporter density in the human brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.30.469876v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurotransmitter receptors modulate the signaling between neurons. Thus, neurotransmitter receptors and transporters play a key role in shaping brain function. Due to the lack of comprehensive neurotransmitter receptor/transporter density datasets, microarray gene expression is often used as a proxy for receptor densities. In the present report, we comprehensively test the expression-density association for a total of 27 neurotransmitter receptors, receptor binding-sites, and transporters across 9 different neurotransmitter systems, using both PET and autoradiography imaging modalities. We find poor spatial correspondences between gene expression and density for all neurotransmitter receptors and transporters except four single-protein metabotropic receptors (5-HT1A, D2, CB1, and MOR). These expression-density associations are related to population variance and change across different classes of laminar differentiation. Altogether, we recommend using direct measures of receptor and transporter density when relating neurotransmitter systems to brain structure and function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hansen, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markello, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuominen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norgaard, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuzmin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palomero-Gallagher, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dagher, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Misic, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.30.469876</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Correspondence between gene expression and neurotransmitter receptor and transporter density in the human brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.11.475895v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Brain responses in aggression-prone individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of anger- and aggression-eliciting tasks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.11.475895v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundWhile reactive aggression (in response to a perceived threat or provocation) is part of humans adaptive behavioral repertoire, it can violate social and legal norms. Understanding brain function in individuals with high levels of reactive aggression as they process anger- and aggression-eliciting stimuli is critical for refining interventions. Three neurobiological models of reactive aggression-the limbic hyperactivity, prefrontal hypoactivity, and dysregulated limbic-prefrontal connectivity models-have been proposed. However, these models are based on neuroimaging studies involving mainly healthy individuals, leaving it unclear which model best describes brain function in aggression-prone individuals.

MethodsWe conducted a systematic literature search (PubMed and Psycinfo) and Multilevel Kernel Density meta-analysis (MKDA) of nine functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of brain responses to tasks putatively eliciting anger and aggression in aggression-prone individuals alone, and relative to healthy controls.

ResultsAggression-prone individuals exhibited greater activity during reactive aggression relative to baseline in the superior temporal gyrus and in regions comprising the cognitive control and default mode networks (right posterior cingulate cortex, precentral gyrus, precuneus, right inferior frontal gyrus). Compared to healthy controls, aggression-prone individuals exhibited increased activity in limbic regions (left hippocampus, left amygdala, left parahippocampal gyrus) and temporal regions (superior, middle, inferior temporal gyrus), and reduced activity in occipital regions (left occipital cortex, left calcarine cortex).

ConclusionsThese findings lend support to the limbic hyperactivity model and further indicate altered temporal and occipital activity in anger- and aggression-eliciting situations that involve face and speech processing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nikolic, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pezzoli, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaworska, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seto, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.11.475895</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Brain responses in aggression-prone individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of anger- and aggression-eliciting tasks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.19.476693v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 impairs interferon production via NSP2-induced repression of mRNA translation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.19.476693v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Viruses evade the innate immune response by suppressing the production or activity of cytokines such as type I interferons (IFNs). Here we report the discovery of a novel mechanism by which the SARS-CoV-2 virus co-opts an intrinsic cellular machinery to suppress the production of the key immunostimulatory cytokine IFN-{beta}. We reveal that the SARS-CoV-2 encoded Non-Structural Protein 2 (NSP2) directly interacts with the cellular GIGYF2 protein. This interaction enhances the binding of GIGYF2 to the mRNA cap-binding protein 4EHP, thereby repressing the translation of the Ifnb1 mRNA. Depletion of GIGYF2 or 4EHP significantly enhances IFN-{beta} production, leading to reduced viral infection. Our findings reveal a new target for rescuing the antiviral innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and other RNA viruses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Choi, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ladak, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiebe, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, A. C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ran, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naeli, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garzia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahmood, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elaish, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hobman, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pelletier, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alain, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vidal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duchaine, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazhab-Jafari, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jafarnejad, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sonenberg, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.19.476693</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2 impairs interferon production via NSP2-induced repression of mRNA translation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.26.477741v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Temporal Optimization of Radiation Therapy to Heterogeneous Tumour Populations and Cancer Stem Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.26.477741v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
External beam radiation therapy is a key part of modern cancer treatments which uses high doses of radiation to destroy tumour cells. Despite its widespread usage and extensive study in theoretical, experimental, and clinical works, many questions still remain about how best to administer it. Many mathematical studies have examined optimal scheduling of radiotherapy, and most come to similar conclusions. Importantly though, these studies generally assume intratumoral homogeneity. But in recent years, it has become clear that tumours are not homogeneous masses of cancerous cells, but wildly heterogeneous masses with various subpopulations which grow and respond to treatment differently. One subpopulation of particular importance is cancer stem cells (CSCs) which are known to exhibit higher radioresistence compared with non-CSCs. Knowledge of these differences between cell types could theoretically lead to changes in optimal treatment scheduling. Only a few studies have examined this question, and interestingly, they arrive at apparent conflicting results. However, an understanding of their assumptions reveals a key difference which leads to their differing conclusions.

In this paper, we generalize the problem of temporal optimization of dose distribution of radiation therapy to a two cell type model. We do so by creating a mathematical model and a numerical optimization algorithm to find the distribution of dose which leads to optimal cell kill. We then create a data set of optimization solutions and use data analysis tools to learn the relationships between model parameters and the qualitative behaviour of optimization results. Analysis of the model and discussion of biological importance are provided throughout. We find that the key factor in predicting the behaviour of the optimal distribution of radiation is the ratio between the radiosensitivities of the present cell types. These results can provide guidance for treatment in cases where clinicians have knowledge of tumour heterogeneity and of the abundance of CSCs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Meaney, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kohandel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novruzi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.26.477741</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Temporal Optimization of Radiation Therapy to Heterogeneous Tumour Populations and Cancer Stem Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.07.479438v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ingestion of microplastic fibres, but not microplastic beads, impacts growth rates in the tropical house cricket Gryllodes sigillatus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.07.479438v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microplastic is a growing concern as an environmental contaminant as it is ubiquitous in our ecosystems. Microplastics are present in terrestrial environments, yet the majority of studies have focused on the adverse effects of microplastics on aquatic biota. We hypothesized that microplastic ingestion by a terrestrial insect would have localized effects on gut health and nutrient absorption, such that prolonged dietary microplastic exposure would impact growth rate and adult body size. We further hypothesized that plastic form (fibres vs. beads) would influence these effects because of the nature of gut-plastic interactions. Freshly hatched tropical house crickets (Gryllodes sigillatus) were fed a standard diet containing different concentrations of either fluorescent polyethylene microplastic beads (75-105 m), or untreated polyethylene terephthalate microfibers (<5 mm) until they died or reached adulthood (approximately 8 weeks). Weight and body length were measured weekly and microplastic ingestion was confirmed through fluorescence microscopy and visual inspection of the frass. While, to our surprise, we found no effect of polyethylene bead ingestion on growth rate or final body size of G. sigillatus, females experienced a reduction in size and weight when fed high concentrations of polyethylene terephthalate microfibers. These results suggest that high concentrations of polyethylene beads of the 100 m size range can pass through the cricket gut without a substantial negative effect on their growth and development time, but high concentrations of polyethylene terephthalate microfibers cannot. Although we report the negative effects of microplastic ingestion on the growth of G. sigillatus, it remains uncertain what threats microplastics pose to terrestrial insects.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fudlosid, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ritchie, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muzzatti, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allison, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Provencher, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacMillan, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.07.479438</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ingestion of microplastic fibres, but not microplastic beads, impacts growth rates in the tropical house cricket Gryllodes sigillatus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.10.479930v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Voices of Medical Education Science: Describing the Published Landscape 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.10.479930v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IntroductionMedical education has been described as a dynamic and growing field, driven in part by its unique body of scholarship. The voices of authors who publish medical education literature have a powerful impact on the discourses of the community. While there have been numerous studies looking at aspects of this literature, there has been no comprehensive view of recent publications.

MethodThe authors conducted a bibliometric analysis of all articles published in 24 medical education journals published between 2000-2020 to identify article characteristics, with an emphasis on author gender, geographic location, and institutional affiliation. This study replicates and greatly expands on two previous investigations by examining all articles published in these core medical education journals.

ResultsThe journals published 37,263 articles with the majority of articles published in 2020 (n=3,957, 10.7%) and the least in 2000 (n=711, 1.9%) representing a 456.5% increase. The articles were authored by 139,325 authors of which 62,708 were unique. Males were more prevalent across all authorship positions (n=62,828; 55.7%) than females (n=49,975; 44.3%). Authors listed 154 country affiliations with the United States (n=42,236, 40.4%), United Kingdom (n=12,967, 12.4%), and Canada (n=10,481, 10.0%) most represented. Ninety-three countries (60.4%) were low- or middle-income countries accounting for 9,684 (9.3%) author positions. Few articles were written by multinational teams (n=3,765; 16.2%). Authors listed affiliations with 4,372 unique institutions. Across all author positions, 48,189 authors (46.1%) were affiliated with a top 200 institution, as ranked by the Times Higher Education ranking.

DiscussionThere is a relative imbalance of author voices in medical education. If the field values a diversity of perspectives, there is considerable opportunity for improvement.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Maggio, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Costello, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ninkov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frank, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Artino, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.10.479930</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Voices of Medical Education Science: Describing the Published Landscape]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.24.485710v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Stable working memory and perceptual representations in macaque lateral prefrontal cortex during naturalistic vision in virtual environments 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.24.485710v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Primates use perceptual and mnemonic visuospatial representations to perform everyday functions. Neurons in the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) have been shown to encode both of these representations during tasks where eye movements are strictly controlled and visual stimuli are reduced in complexity. This raises the question of whether perceptual and mnemonic representations encoded by LPFC neurons remain robust during naturalistic vision -- in the presence of a rich visual scenery and during eye movements. Here we investigate this issue by training macaque monkeys to perform working memory and perception tasks in a visually complex virtual environment that requires navigation using a joystick and allows for free visual exploration of the scene. We recorded the activity of 3950 neurons in the LPFC (areas 8a and 9/46) of two rhesus macaques using multi-electrode arrays, and measured eye movements using video tracking. We found that navigation trajectories to target locations and eye movement behavior differed between the perception and working memory tasks suggesting that animals employed different behavioral strategies. Single neurons were tuned to target location during cue encoding and working memory delay and neural ensemble activity was predictive of the animals behavior. Neural decoding of target location was stable throughout the working memory delay epoch. However, neural representations of similar target locations differed between the working memory and perception tasks. These findings indicate that during naturalistic vision, LPFC neurons maintain robust and distinct neural codes for mnemonic and perceptual visuospatial representations.

Significance StatementWe show that LPFC neurons encode working memory and perceptual representations during a naturalistic task set in a virtual environment. We show that despite eye movement and complex visual input, neurons maintain robust working memory representations of space which are distinct from neuronal representations for perception. We further provide novel insight on the use of virtual environments to construct behavioral tasks for electrophysiological experiments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roussy, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corrigan, B. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luna, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gulli, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sachs, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palaniyappan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez-Trujillo, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.24.485710</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Stable working memory and perceptual representations in macaque lateral prefrontal cortex during naturalistic vision in virtual environments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.05.490765v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GliaMorph: A modular image analysis toolkit to quantify Müller glial cell morphology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.05.490765v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell morphology is critical for all cell functions. This is particularly true for glial cells as they rely on their complex shape to contact and support neurons. However, methods to quantify complex glial cell shape accurately and reproducibly are lacking. To address this gap in quantification approaches, we developed an analysis pipeline called "GliaMorph". GliaMorph is a modular image analysis toolkit developed to perform (i) image pre-processing, (ii) semi-automatic region-of-interest (ROI) selection, (iii) apicobasal texture analysis, (iv) glia segmentation, and (v) cell feature quantification. Muller Glia (MG) are the principal retinal glial cell type with a stereotypic shape linked to their maturation and physiological status. We here characterized MG on three levels, including (a) global image-level, (b) apicobasal texture, and (c) apicobasal vertical-to-horizontal alignment. Using GliaMorph, we show structural changes occurring in the developing retina. Additionally, we study the loss of cadherin2 in the zebrafish retina, as well as a glaucoma mouse disease model. The GliaMorph toolkit enables an in-depth understanding of MG morphology in the developing and diseased retina.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=144 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/490765v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (73K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@198fca6org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@f319fcorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@2f0fadorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1ae4ce7_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG HighlightsO_LIGlial morphology is complex, making it challenging to accurately quantify 3D cell shape.
C_LIO_LIWe developed the GliaMorph toolkit for image pre-processing, glial segmentation, and quantification of Muller glial cells.
C_LIO_LIMuller glia elaborate their morphology and rearrange subcellular features during embryonic development.
C_LIO_LIGliaMorph accurately identifies subcellular changes in models with disrupted glia cells, including zebrafish cadherin2 loss of function and a mouse glaucoma model.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kugler, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bravo, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durmishi, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marcotti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beqiri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carrington, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stramer, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mattar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacDonald, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.05.490765</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GliaMorph: A modular image analysis toolkit to quantify Müller glial cell morphology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.01.494440v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cholecystokinin-expressing (CCK+) basket cells are key controllers of theta-gamma coupled rhythms in the hippocampus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.01.494440v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Various inhibitory cell types underlie cognitively important brain rhythms and their couplings. Precisely how this is manifest is unclear. Complex network interactions make an understanding of inhibitory cell contributions extremely difficult and using experiments alone is insufficient. Using detailed biophysical models, we obtain hypotheses of how theta and gamma rhythms in the hippocampus are generated and coupled. We find critical contributions by parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) basket cells (BCs), cholecystokinin-expressing (CCK+) BCs and bistratified cells. Based on this, we develop and explore a population rate model and predict that CCK+BCs exert more control relative to PV+BCs for theta-gamma coupling, and that theta frequencies are more strongly affected by PV+BC to CCK+BC coupling relative to CCK+BC to PV+BC. As specific inhibitory cell types can be targeted during behaviour, it is possible to test these predictions. Our work shows that combining models at different scales creates new insights that otherwise would not be revealed.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chatzikalymniou, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sengupta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lefebvre, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skinner, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.01.494440</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cholecystokinin-expressing (CCK+) basket cells are key controllers of theta-gamma coupled rhythms in the hippocampus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.14.496148v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The development of intracytoplasmic membranes in alphaproteobacteria involves the conserved mitochondrial crista-developing Mic60 protein 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.14.496148v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitochondrial cristae expand the surface area of respiratory membranes and ultimately allow for the evolutionary scaling of respiration with cell volume across eukaryotes. The discovery of Mic60 homologs among alphaproteobacteria, the closest extant relatives of mitochondria, suggested that cristae might have evolved from bacterial intracytoplasmic membranes (ICMs). Here, we investigated the predicted structure and function of alphaproteobacterial Mic60, and a protein encoded by an adjacent gene Orf52, in two distantly related purple alphaproteobacteria, Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Rhodopseudomonas palustris. In addition, we assessed the potential physical interactors of Mic60 and Orf52 in R. sphaeroides. We show that the three -helices of mitochondrial Mic60s mitofilin domain, as well as its adjacent membrane-binding amphipathic helix, are present in alphaproteobacterial Mic60. The disruption of Mic60 and Orf52 caused photoheterotrophic growth defects, which are most severe under low light conditions, and both their disruption and overexpression led to enlarged ICMs in both studied alphaproteobacteria. We also found that alphaproteobacterial Mic60 physically interacts with BamA, the homolog of Sam50, one of the main physical interactors of eukaryotic Mic60. This interaction, responsible for making contact sites at mitochondrial envelopes, has been conserved in modern alphaproteobacteria despite more than a billion years of evolutionary divergence. Our results suggest a role for Mic60 in photosynthetic ICM development and contact site formation at alphaproteobacterial envelopes. Overall, we provide support for the hypothesis that mitochondrial cristae evolved from alphaproteobacterial ICMs, and therefore have improved our understanding of the nature of the mitochondrial ancestor.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Munoz-Gomez, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cadena, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gardiner, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leger, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheikh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Connell, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bily, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kopejtka, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beatty, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koblizek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roger, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slamovits, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lukes, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hashimi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.14.496148</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The development of intracytoplasmic membranes in alphaproteobacteria involves the conserved mitochondrial crista-developing Mic60 protein]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.27.497846v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PTEN and BRCA1 tumor suppressor loss associated tumor immune microenvironment exhibits differential response to therapeutic STING pathway activation in a murine model of ovarian cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.27.497846v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundHigh grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy characterized by chemoresistance and high rates of recurrence. HGSC tumors display a high prevalence of tumor suppressor gene loss. Loss of BRCA1 and PTEN function due to mutations or epigenetic influence have been widely associated with variable clinical outcomes, where tumors with BRCA1 mutations exhibit increased chemosensitivity and those with PTEN mutations have been reported to exhibit chemoresistance. Given the established type 1 interferon regulatory function of BRCA1 and PTEN genes and associated contrasting T cell infiltrated and non-infiltrated tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) states, in this study we investigated the potential of Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) pathway activation in improving overall survival via enhancing chemotherapy response, specifically in tumors with PTEN deficiency.

MethodsExpression of PTEN protein was evaluated in tissue microarrays generated using pre-treatment tumors collected from a cohort of 110 patients with HGSC. Multiplex immunofluorescence staining was performed to determine spatial profiles and density of selected lymphoid and myeloid cells. In vivo studies using the syngeneic murine HGSC cell lines, ID8-Trp53-/-; Pten-/-and ID8-Trp53-/-; Brca1-/-, were conducted to characterize the TIME and response to carboplatin chemotherapy in combination with exogenous STING activation therapy.

ResultsTumors with absence of PTEN protein exhibited a significantly decreased disease specific survival and intra-epithelial CD68+ macrophage infiltration as compared to intact PTEN expression. In vivo studies demonstrated that Pten deficient ovarian cancer cells establish an immunosuppressed TIME characterized by increased proportions of M2-like macrophages, GR1+ MDSCs in the ascites, and reduced effector CD8+ cytotoxic T cell function compared to Brca1 deficient cells; further, tumors from mice injected with Pten deficient ID8 cells exhibited an aggressive behavior due to suppressive macrophage dominance in the malignant ascites. In combination with chemotherapy, exogenous STING activation resulted in longer overall survival in mice injected with Pten deficient ID8 cells, reprogrammed intraperitoneal M2-like macrophages derived from Pten deficient ascites to a M1-like phenotype and rescued CD8+ cytotoxic T cell activation.

ConclusionsThis study reveals the importance of considering the influence of cancer cell intrinsic genetic alterations on the TIME for therapeutic selection. We establish the rationale for the optimal incorporation of interferon activating therapies as a novel combination strategy in PTEN deficient HGSC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shakfa, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conseil, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lightbody, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson-Sanchez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamade, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chenard, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laight, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asante, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tyryshkin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Köbel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koti, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.27.497846</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PTEN and BRCA1 tumor suppressor loss associated tumor immune microenvironment exhibits differential response to therapeutic STING pathway activation in a murine model of ovarian cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.01.498373v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Early Electrophysiological Aberrations in the Hippocampus of the TgF344-AD Rat Model as a Potential Biomarker for Alzheimer's Disease Prognosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.01.498373v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The hippocampus is thought to guide navigation and has an essential contribution to learning and memory. Hippocampus is one of the brain regions impaired in Alzheimers disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease with progressive memory impairments and cognitive decline. Although successful treatments for AD are still not available, developing new strategies to detect AD at early stages before clinical manifestation is crucial for timely interventions. Here, we investigated in the TgF344-AD rat model the classification of AD-transgenic rats versus Wild-type littermates (WT) from electrophysiological activity recorded in the hippocampus of freely moving subjects at an early, pre-symptomatic stage of the disease (6 months old). To this end, recorded signals were filtered in two separate frequency regimes namely low frequency LFP signals and high frequency spiking activity and passed to machine learning (ML) classifiers to identify the genotype of the rats (TG vs. WT). For the low frequency analysis, we first filtered the signals and extracted the power spectra in different frequency bands known to carry differential information in the hippocampus (delta, theta, slow- and fast-gamma) while for the high frequency analysis, we extracted spike-trains of neurons and calculated different distance metrics between them, including Van Rossum (VR), Inter Spike Interval (ISI), and Event Synchronization (ES). These measures were then used as features for classification with different ML classifiers. We found that both low and high frequency signals were able to classify the rat genotype with a high accuracy with specific signals such as the gamma band power, providing an important fraction of information. In addition, when we combined information from both low and high frequency the classification was boosted indicating that independent information is present across the two bands. The results of this study offer a better insight into how different regions of the hippocampus are affected in earlier stages of AD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Moradi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van den Berg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirjebreili, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kosten, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verhoye, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amiri, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keliris, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.01.498373</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Early Electrophysiological Aberrations in the Hippocampus of the TgF344-AD Rat Model as a Potential Biomarker for Alzheimer's Disease Prognosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.07.499132v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regulation of TRIB1 abundance in hepatoma models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.07.499132v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tribbles related homolog 1 (TRIB1) contributes to lipid and glucose homeostasis by facilitating the degradation of cognate cargos by the proteasome. We previously reported that TRIB1 was unstable in non-hepatic cellular models. Moreover, inclusion of proteasome inhibitors failed to prevent TRIB1 loss, consistent with the involvement of proteasome independent degradative processes. In view of the key role of TRIB1 in liver function, we continue our exploration of TRIB1 regulation pathways in two commonly used human hepatocyte models, HuH-7 and HepG2 cells. Proteasome inhibitors potently upregulated both endogenous and recombinant TRIB1 mRNA and protein levels. Increased transcript abundance was independent of MAPK activation while ER stress was a relatively mild inducer. Despite increasing TRIB1 protein abundance and stabilizing bulk ubiquitination, proteasome inhibition failed to stabilize TRIB1, pointing to the predominance of proteasome independent protein degradation processes controlling TRIB1 protein abundance in hepatomas. Proteasome inhibition via downregulation of its PSMB3 regulatory subunit, in contrast to its chemical inhibition, had minimal impact on TRIB1 levels. Moreover, immunoprecipitation experiments showed no evidence of TRIB1 ubiquitination. Cytoplasmic retained TRIB1 was unstable, indicating that TRIB1 lability is regulated prior to its nuclear import. Substitution of the TRIB1 PEST-like region with a GST helical region or N-terminal deletions failed to fully stabilize TRIB1. Finally, inclusion of protease or autophagy inhibitors in vivo did not rescue TRIB1 stability. This work excludes proteasome-mediated degradation as a significant contributor to TRIB1 instability and identifies transcriptional regulation as a prominent mechanism regulating TRIB1 abundance in liver models in response to proteasome inhibition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Soubeyrand, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McPherson, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lau, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.07.499132</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regulation of TRIB1 abundance in hepatoma models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.18.504406v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neural sequences in primate prefrontal cortex encode working memory in naturalistic environments 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.18.504406v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Working memory is the ability to briefly remember and manipulate information after it becomes unavailable to the senses. The mechanisms supporting working memory coding in the primate brain remain controversial. Here we demonstrate that microcircuits in layers 2/3 of the primate lateral prefrontal cortex dynamically represent memory content in a naturalistic task through sequential activation of single neurons. We simultaneously recorded the activity of hundreds of neurons in the lateral prefrontal cortex of macaque monkeys during a naturalistic visuospatial working memory task set in a virtual environment. We found that the sequential activation of single neurons encoded trajectories to target locations held in working memory. Neural sequences were not a mere successive activation of cells with memory fields at specific spatial locations, but an abstract representation of the subjects trajectory to the target. Neural sequences were less correlated to target trajectories during perception and were not found during working memory tasks lacking the spatiotemporal structure of the naturalistic task. Finally, ketamine administration distorted neural sequences, selectively decreasing working memory performance. Our results indicate that neurons in the lateral prefrontal cortex causally encode working memory in naturalistic conditions via complex and temporally precise activation patterns.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roussy, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Busch, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luna, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leavitt, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mofrad, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gulli, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corrigan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minac, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sachs, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palaniyappan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muller, L. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez-Trujillo, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.18.504406</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neural sequences in primate prefrontal cortex encode working memory in naturalistic environments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.31.506085v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pten regulates endocytic trafficking of cell adhesion and signaling molecules to pattern the retina 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.31.506085v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The retina is an exquisitely patterned tissue, with neuronal somata positioned at regular intervals to completely sample the visual field. Cholinergic amacrine cells are spectacular exemplars of precision, distributing in two radial layers and tangentially, forming regular mosaics. Here, we investigated how the intracellular phosphatase Pten and the cell adhesion molecule Dscam cooperate to regulate amacrine cell patterning. Using double mutants to test epistasis, we found that Pten and Dscam function in parallel pathways to regulate amacrine cell positioning. Mechanistically, Pten regulates endocytic remodeling of cell adhesion molecules (Dscam, Megf10, Fat3), which are aberrantly redistributed in Pten conditional-knock-out (cKO) amacrine cells. Furthermore, extracellular vesicles derived from multivesicular endosomes have altered proteomes in PtencKO retinas. Consequently, Wnt signaling is elevated in PtencKO retinal amacrine cells, the pharmacological disruption of which phenocopies PtencKO patterning defects. Pten thus controls endocytic trafficking of critical cell adhesion/signaling molecules to control amacrine cell spacing.

HIGHLIGHTSO_LIPten and Dscam act in parallel pathways to regulate amacrine cell spacing
C_LIO_LIEndocytic remodeling of cell adhesion molecules is perturbed in PtencKO retinas
C_LIO_LIExtracellular vesicle content is altered in PtencKO retinas
C_LIO_LIPerturbation of Wnt signaling phenocopies defects in amacrine cell positioning
C_LI

eTOC BLURBPatterns in nature range from stereotyped distributions of colored patches on butterfly wings to precise neuronal spacing in the nervous system. Waddington proposed that built-in constraints canalize developmental patterns. Touahri et al. identified Pten-mediated endocytic trafficking of cell adhesion/signaling molecules as a novel constraint measure controlling retinal amacrine cell patterning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Touahri, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanna, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tachibana, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olender, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okawa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chinchalongporn, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balakrishnan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cantrup, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixit, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mattar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saleh, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ilnytskyy, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murshed, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mains, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kovalchuk, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lefebvre, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cayouette, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>del Sol, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brand, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reese, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schuurmans, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.31.506085</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pten regulates endocytic trafficking of cell adhesion and signaling molecules to pattern the retina]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.03.510739v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Irx1 and Irx2 play dose-dependent cooperative functions in mammalian development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.03.510739v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Irx1 and Irx2 (Irx1/2) are two closely linked and widely expressed members of the conserved Iroquois homeobox family of transcription factors. Despite mounting evidence suggesting the importance of homologs of these genes in many aspects of vertebrate development and function, the role of Irx1/2 in mammals has remained largely unknown. Here, we used mice carrying our newly generated Irx1flox and Irx1floxIrx2del mutant alleles to perform a stepwise genetic ablation of Irx1 and Irx2 levels. Our analysis revealed reduced postnatal growth and viability of Irx1KO mice with gross histological defects in the lung and gut and demonstrated that ablation of one copy of Irx2 in these mice results in neonatal lethality with exacerbated phenotypic defects. Conversely, while Irx2KO mice appear normal, ablation of one copy of Irx1 in these mutants leads to lethality at weaning. Furthermore, we found that homozygous deletion of both Irx1 and Irx2 results in embryonic lethality by mid-gestation with defective extraembryonic vasculature. Our results illustrate that Irx1 and Irx2 play distinct dose-dependent cooperative functions during both the early and late stages of mouse development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sheybani-Deloui, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Son, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Son, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, K.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delgado Olguin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hui, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.03.510739</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Irx1 and Irx2 play dose-dependent cooperative functions in mammalian development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.13.512182v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Vector diversity and malaria prevalence: global trends and local determinants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.13.512182v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Identifying determinants of global infectious disease burden is a central goal of disease ecology. While it is widely accepted that host diversity structures parasite diversity and prevalence across large spatial scales, the influence of vector diversity on disease risk has rarely been examined despite the role of vectors as obligatory intermediate hosts for many parasites. Malaria, for instance, can be transmitted by over 70 species of mosquitoes, but the impact of this diversity on malaria risk remains unclear. Further, such relationships are likely dependent on the context in which disease transmission occurs, as arthropod life history and behavior are highly sensitive to environmental factors such as temperature. We studied the relationship between vector diversity, malaria prevalence, and environmental attributes using a unique dataset we curated by integrating several open-access sources. Globally, the association between vector species richness and malaria prevalence differed by latitude, indicating that this relationship is strongly dependent on underlying environmental conditions. Structural equation models further revealed different processes by which the environment impacts vector community assemblage and function, and subsequently disease prevalence, in different regions. In Africa, the environment exerted a top-down influence on disease through its role in shaping vector communities, whereas in Southeast Asia, disease prevalence is influenced by more complex interactions between the physical and socioeconomic environment (i.e., rainfall and GDP) and vector diversity across sites. This work highlights the key role of vector diversity in structuring disease distribution at large spatial scales and offers crucial insights to vector management and disease control.

Significance statementThe global health threat from persistent and emerging vector-borne diseases continues to increase and is exacerbated by rapid environmental and societal change. Predicting how disease burden will shift in response to these changes necessitates a clear understanding of existing determinants of disease risk. We focused on an underappreciated potential source of variation in disease burden - vector diversity - and its role in structuring global malaria distribution. Our work revealed that vector diversity influences malaria prevalence and that the strength and nature of this association strongly depend on local environmental context. Extending disease transmission theory, surveillance, and control to embrace heterogeneity in vector community structure and function across space and time is an asset in the fight against vector-borne diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hoi, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mideo, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.13.512182</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Vector diversity and malaria prevalence: global trends and local determinants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.17.512636v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Patterns of community science data use in peer-reviewed research on biodiversity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.17.512636v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Community science ("citizen science") represent a potentially abundant and inexpensive source of information for biodiversity research. However, analyzing such data has inherent challenges. To explore where and how community science data are translated into scientific knowledge, we conducted a literature review in a sample of 334 peer-reviewed scientific articles. Specifically, we investigated how the use of community science data varied among taxonomic groups and geographic regions, and what threats to biodiversity, if any, were examined. Community science data were used mostly for research on birds and invertebrates, and the data used were mainly from the United States and the United Kingdom. Literature in certain countries used a wider breadth of projects, while others made repeated use of comparably fewer datasets. Community science efforts were largely used to measure abundance, trends, distributions, and range shifts. However, few articles linked these metrics to any particular threats to biodiversity. Furthermore, community science data were used infrequently for research on threatened species and limited mostly to count data rather than collecting more specific information such as life history, phenological or genetic data, suggesting that community science may be underutilized for these key aspects of biodiversity conservation. We conclude that even with the rise of community science data use in research, there remains tremendous potential to better use these existing datasets for biodiversity research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Binley, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vincent, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rytwinski, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Proctor, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Urness, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soroye, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.17.512636</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Patterns of community science data use in peer-reviewed research on biodiversity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.12.520021v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-breakthrough infections (VBIs) by Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant and consequences in structural and functional impact 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.12.520021v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This study investigated the efficacy of existing vaccinations against hospitalization and infection due to the Omicron variant of COVID-19, particularly for those who received two doses of Moderna or Pfizer vaccines and one dose of a vaccine by Johnson & Johnson or who were vaccinated more than five months previously. A total of 36 variants in Omicrons spike protein, targeted by all three vaccinations, have made antibodies less effective at neutralizing the virus. Genotyping of SARS-CoV-2 viral sequencing revealed clinically significant variants such as E484K in three genetic mutations (T95I, D614G, and del142-144). One woman displayed two of these mutations, indicating a potential risk of infection following successful immunization, as recently reported by Hacisuleyman (2021). We examined the effects of mutations on domains (NID, RBM, and SD2) found at the interfaces of spike domains Omicron B.1.1529, Delta/B.1.1529, Alpha/B.1.1.7, VUM B.1.526, B.1.575.2, and B.1.1214 (formerly VOI Iota). We tested the affinity of Omicron for hACE2 and found that the wild and mutant spike proteins were using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. According to binding free energies calculated during mutagenesis, hACE2 bound Omicron spike more strongly than SARS-CoV-2 wild strain. T95I, D614G, and E484K are three substitutions that significantly contribute to the RBD, corresponding to hACE2 binding energies and a doubling of Omicron spike proteins electrostatic potential. Omicron appears to bind hACE2 with greater affinity, increasing its infectivity and transmissibility. The spike virus was designed to strengthen antibody immune evasion through binding while boosting receptor binding by enhancing IgG and IgM antibodies that stimulate human {beta}-cell, as opposed to the wild strain, which has more vital stimulation of both antibodies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Abduljaleel, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melebari, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dehlawi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar S, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aziz, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dannoun, A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malik, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doss C, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.12.520021</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-breakthrough infections (VBIs) by Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant and consequences in structural and functional impact]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.13.520333v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Robust hierarchically organized whole-brain patterns of dysconnectivity in schizophrenia spectrum disorders observed after Personalized Intrinsic Network Topography 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.13.520333v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundSpatial patterns of brain functional connectivity can vary substantially at the individual level. Applying cortical surface-based approaches with individualized rather than group templates may accelerate the discovery of biological markers related to psychiatric disorders. We investigated cortico-subcortical networks from multi-cohort data in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) and healthy controls using individualized connectivity profiles.

MethodsWe utilized resting state and anatomical MRI data from n=406 participants (n = 203 SSD, n = 203 healthy controls) from four cohorts. For each participant, functional timeseries were extracted from 80 cortical regions of interest, representing 6 intrinsic networks using 1) a volume-based approach 2) a surface-based group atlas approach, and 3) Personalized Intrinsic Network Topography (PINT), a personalized surface-based approach (Dickie et al., 2018). Timeseries were also extracted from previously defined intrinsic network subregions of the striatum (Choi et al 2011), thalamus (Ji et al 2019), and cerebellum (Buckner et al 2011).

ResultsCompared to a volume-based approach, the correlations between all cortical networks and the expected subregions of the striatum, cerebellum, and thalamus were increased using a surface-based approach (Cohens D volume vs surface 0.27-1.00, all p<10^-6) and further increased after PINT (Cohens D surface vs PINT 0.18-0.96, all p <10^-4). In SSD vs HC comparisons, controlling for age, sex, scanner and in-scanner motion, we observed robust patterns of dysconnectivity that were strengthened using a surface-based approach and PINT (Number of differing pairwise-correlations: volume: 357, surface: 562, PINT: 630, FDR corrected). These patterns were found from four different cortical networks - frontal-parietal, sensory-motor, visual, and default mode -- to subcortical regions.

ConclusionOur results indicate that individualized approaches can more sensitively delineate cortical network dysconnectivity differences in people with SSDs. These robust patterns of dysconnectivity were visibly organized in accordance with the cortical hierarchy, as predicted by computational models (Murray et al 2019). Our results also change our understanding of the specific network-network functional connectivity alterations in people with SSDs, and the extent of those alterations. Future work will examine these new patterns of dysconnectivity with behaviour using dimensional models.

Highlights- We evaluated the impact of cortical mapping method (volume-based, surface-based, vs surface personalized: PINT) on resting-state fMRI results in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD).
- The use of surface-based approaches and PINT increased the connectivity of cortical networks with the expected subregions of the striatum, thalamus and cerebellum, in comparison to a volume-based approach
- whole-brain case-control differences in functional connectivity were more pronounced after surface-based approach and PINT, in comparison to a volume-based approach
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dickie, E. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shahab, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawco, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miranda, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herman, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Argyelan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, J. L. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeyachandra, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anticevic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malhotra, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voineskos, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.13.520333</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Robust hierarchically organized whole-brain patterns of dysconnectivity in schizophrenia spectrum disorders observed after Personalized Intrinsic Network Topography]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.20.524978v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Base editing as a genetic treatment for spinal muscular atrophy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.20.524978v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a devastating neuromuscular disease caused by mutations in the SMN1 gene. Despite the development of various therapies, outcomes can remain suboptimal in SMA infants and the duration of such therapies are uncertain. SMN2 is a paralogous gene that mainly differs from SMN1 by a C*G-to-T*A transition in exon 7, resulting in the skipping of exon 7 in most SMN2 transcripts and production of only low levels of survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. Genome editing technologies targeted to the SMN2 exon 7 mutation could offer a therapeutic strategy to restore SMN protein expression to normal levels irrespective of the patient SMN1 mutation. Here, we optimized a base editing approach to precisely edit SMN2, reverting the exon 7 mutation via an A*T-to-G*C base edit. We tested a range of different adenosine base editors (ABEs) and Cas9 enzymes, resulting in up to 99% intended editing in SMA patient-derived fibroblasts with concomitant increases in SMN2 exon 7 transcript expression and SMN protein levels. We generated and characterized ABEs fused to high-fidelity Cas9 variants which reduced potential off-target editing. Delivery of these optimized ABEs via dual adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors resulted in precise SMN2 editing in vivo in an SMA mouse model. This base editing approach to correct SMN2 should provide a long-lasting genetic treatment for SMA with advantages compared to current nucleic acid, small molecule, or exogenous gene replacement therapies. More broadly, our work highlights the potential of PAMless SpRY base editors to install edits efficiently and safely.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alves, C. R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ha, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yaworski, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lazzarotto, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christie, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reilly, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beauvais, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doll, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de la Cruz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maguire, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swoboda, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, S. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kothary, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleinstiver, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.20.524978</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Base editing as a genetic treatment for spinal muscular atrophy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.02.526878v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional Connectivity of the Cerebellar Vermis in Bipolar Disorder and Associations with Mood 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.02.526878v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PurposeStudies of the neural underpinnings of bipolar type I disorder have focused on the emotional control network. However, there is also growing evidence for cerebellar involvement, including abnormal structure, function, and metabolism. Here, we sought to assess functional connectivity of the cerebellum with the cerebrum in bipolar disorder and to assess whether any effects might depend on mood.

MethodsThis cross-sectional study enrolled 128 participants with bipolar type I disorder and 83 control comparison participants who completed a 3T MRI scan, which included anatomical imaging as well as resting state BOLD imaging. Functional connectivity of the cerebellar vermis to all other brain regions was assessed. Based on quality control metrics of the fMRI data, 109 participants with bipolar disorder and 79 controls were used to in the statistical analysis comparing connectivity of the vermis as well as associations with mood. Potential impacts of medications were also explored.

ResultsFunctional connectivity of the cerebellar vermis in bipolar disorder was found to differ significantly between brain regions known to be involved in the control of emotion, motor function, and language. While connections with emotion and motor control areas were significantly stronger in bipolar disorder, connection to a region associated language production was significantly weaker. In the participants with bipolar disorder, ratings of depression and mania were inversely associated with vermis functional connectivity. No effect of medications on these connections were observed.

ConclusionTogether the findings suggest cerebellum may play a compensatory role in bipolar disorder and when it can no longer fulfill this role, depression and mania develop. The proximity of the cerebellar vermis to the skull may make this region a potential target for treatment with transcranial magnetic stimulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Saleem, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harmata, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voss, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiedorowicz, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaffer, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richards, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barsotti, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sathyaputri, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmitz, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christensen, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wemmie, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magnotta, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.02.526878</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional Connectivity of the Cerebellar Vermis in Bipolar Disorder and Associations with Mood]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.20.528549v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cerebellar Morphological Differences in Bipolar Disorder Type I 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.20.528549v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe neural underpinnings of bipolar disorder (BD) remain poorly understood. The cerebellum is ideally positioned to modulate emotional regulation circuitry yet has been understudied in BD. Previous studies have suggested differences in cerebellar activity and metabolism in BD, however findings on cerebellar structural differences remain contradictory.

MethodsWe collected 3T anatomical MRI scans from participants with (N = 131) and without (N = 81) BD type I. Differences in cerebellar volumes were assessed along with factors that influence the results.

ResultsThe cerebellar cortex was smaller bilaterally in participants with BD. Polygenic propensity score (bipolar N = 103, control N = 64) did not predict any cerebellar volumes, suggesting that non-genetic factors may have greater influence on the cerebellar volume difference we observed in BD. Cerebellar white matter volumes increased with more adverse childhood events, but we did not observe any associations with parental psychiatric illness. We also evaluated time from onset and symptom burden and found no associations with cerebellar volumes, suggesting neurodevelopment may differ prior to onset. Finally, we found taking sedatives was associated with larger cerebellar white matter and non-significantly larger cortical volume.

LimitationsThis study was cross-sectional, limiting interpretation of possible mechanisms. Most of our participants were White, which could limit the generalizability. Additionally, we did not account for potential polypharmacy interactions.

ConclusionsThese findings suggest that external influences, such as medications, may influence cerebellum structure in BD and may mask underlying differences. Accounting for medication may be critical for consistent findings in future studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Harmata, G. I. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barsotti, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casten, L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiedorowicz, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaffer, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richards, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sathyaputri, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmitz, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christensen, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaine, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michaelson, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wemmie, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magnotta, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.20.528549</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cerebellar Morphological Differences in Bipolar Disorder Type I]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.18.532837v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic dysregulation of an endothelial Ras signaling network in vein of Galen malformations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.18.532837v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To elucidate the pathogenesis of vein of Galen malformations (VOGMs), the most common and severe congenital brain arteriovenous malformation, we performed an integrated analysis of 310 VOGM proband-family exomes and 336,326 human cerebrovasculature single-cell transcriptomes. We found the Ras suppressor p120 RasGAP (RASA1) harbored a genome-wide significant burden of loss-of-function de novo variants (p=4.79x10-7). Rare, damaging transmitted variants were enriched in Ephrin receptor-B4 (EPHB4) (p=1.22x10-5), which cooperates with p120 RasGAP to limit Ras activation. Other probands had pathogenic variants in ACVRL1, NOTCH1, ITGB1, and PTPN11. ACVRL1 variants were also identified in a multi-generational VOGM pedigree. Integrative genomics defined developing endothelial cells as a key spatio-temporal locus of VOGM pathophysiology. Mice expressing a VOGM-specific EPHB4 kinase-domain missense variant exhibited constitutive endothelial Ras/ERK/MAPK activation and impaired hierarchical development of angiogenesis-regulated arterial-capillary-venous networks, but only when carrying a "second-hit" allele. These results illuminate human arterio-venous development and VOGM pathobiology and have clinical implications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mekbib, K. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Ent, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allington, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prendergast, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chau, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shohfi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ocken, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duran, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furey, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le, H. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duy, P. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reeves, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson-Williams, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nottoli, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rolle, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mane, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piwowarczyk, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fehnel, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>See, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iskandar, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aagaard-Kienitz, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kundishora, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeSpenza, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenberg, A. B. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kidanemariam, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prendergast, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnston, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Storm, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lang, S.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Butler, W. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chapman, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>St</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.18.532837</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic dysregulation of an endothelial Ras signaling network in vein of Galen malformations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533841v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Expanding Interdisciplinarity: A bibliometric study of medical education using the MEJ-24 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533841v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IntroductionInterdisciplinary research has been deemed to be critical in solving societys wicked problems, including those relevant to medical education. Medical education research has been assumed to be interdisciplinary. However, researchers have questioned this assumption. The present study, a conceptual replication, provides an analysis using a larger dataset and bibliometric methods to bring more clarity to our understanding on the nature of medical education interdisciplinarity or lack thereof.

MethodThe authors retrieved the cited references of all published articles in 24 medical education journals between 2001-2020 from the Web of Science (WoS). We then identified the WoS classifications for the journals of each cited reference.

ResultsThe 24 journals published 31,283 articles referencing 723,683 publications. We identified 493,973 (68.3%) of those cited references in 6,618 journals representing 242 categories, which represents 94% of all WoS categories. Close to half of all citations were categorized as "education, scientific disciplines" and "healthcare sciences and services". Over the two decades studied, we observed consistent growth in the number of references in other categories, such as education, educational research, and nursing. Additionally, the variety of categories represented has also increased from 182 to 233 to include a diversity of topics such as business, management, and linguistics.

DiscussionThis study corroborates prior work while also expanding it. Medical education research is built upon a limited range of fields referenced. Yet, the growth in categories over time and the ongoing increased diversity of included categories suggests interdisciplinarity that until now has yet to be recognized and represents a changing story.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Maggio, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Costello, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ninkov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frank, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Artino, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.22.533841</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Expanding Interdisciplinarity: A bibliometric study of medical education using the MEJ-24]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.11.540430v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A common flanking variant is associated with enhanced meiotic stability of the FGF14-SCA27B locus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.11.540430v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The factors driving initiation of pathological expansion of tandem repeats remain largely unknown. Here, we assessed the FGF14-SCA27B (GAA)*(TTC) repeat locus in 2,530 individuals by long-read and Sanger sequencing and identified a 5-flanking 17-bp deletion-insertion in 70.34% of alleles (3,463/4,923). This common sequence variation was present nearly exclusively on alleles with fewer than 30 GAA-pure repeats and was associated with enhanced meiotic stability of the repeat locus.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pellerin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Del Gobbo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Couse, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dolzhenko, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dicaire, M.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rebelo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roth, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wandzel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonnet, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashton, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamont, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laing, N. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renaud, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravenscroft, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Houlden, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Synofzik, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eberle, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boycott, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pastinen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brais, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuchner, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danzi, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.11.540430</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A common flanking variant is associated with enhanced meiotic stability of the FGF14-SCA27B locus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.29.542732v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The variable domain from the mitochondrial fission mechanoenzyme Drp1 promotes liquid-liquid phase separation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.29.542732v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dynamins are an essential superfamily of mechanoenzymes that remodel membranes and often contain a "variable domain" (VD) important for regulation. For the mitochondrial fission dynamin, Drp1, a regulatory role for the VD is demonstrated by mutations that can elongate, or fragment, mitochondria. How the VD encodes inhibitory and stimulatory activity is unclear. Here, isolated VD is shown to be intrinsically disordered (ID) yet undergoes a cooperative transition in the stabilizing osmolyte TMAO. However, the TMAO stabilized state is not folded and surprisingly appears as a condensed state. Other co-solutes including known molecular crowder Ficoll PM 70, also induce a condensed state. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments reveal this state to be liquid-like indicating the VD undergoes a liquid-liquid phase separation under crowding conditions. These crowding conditions also enhance binding to cardiolipin, a mitochondrial lipid, raising the possibility that phase separation may enable rapid tuning of Drp1 assembly necessary for fission.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Posey, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagheri, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ross, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lanum, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khan, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jennings, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harwig, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kennedy, N. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hilser, V. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harden, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hill, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.29.542732</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The variable domain from the mitochondrial fission mechanoenzyme Drp1 promotes liquid-liquid phase separation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.07.547791v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Preserved striatal innervation and motor function despite severe loss of nigral dopamine neurons following mitochondrial dysfunction induced by mtDNA mutations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.07.547791v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Degeneration of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra and their striatal axon terminals causes cardinal motor symptoms of Parkinsons disease (PD). In idiopathic cases, high levels of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations associated with mitochondrial dysfunction are a central feature of these vulnerable neurons. Here we present a mouse model expressing the K320E-variant of the mitochondrial helicase Twinkle in dopamine neurons, leading to accelerated mtDNA ageing. K320E-TwinkleDaN mice showed normal motor function at 20 months of age, although already [~]70% of nigral dopamine neurons had perished. The remaining neuron population still preserved [~]75% of axon terminals in the dorsal striatum, which enabled normal dopamine release. Transcriptome analysis and viral tracing confirmed compensatory axonal sprouting of surviving nigral dopamine neurons. We conclude that a small population of substantia nigra neurons can adapt to mtDNA mutations and maintain motor control in mice, holding chances for new treatment strategies in PD patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pass, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ricke, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hofmann, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chowdhury, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chinnery, P. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Endepols, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neumaier, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carvalho, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rigoux, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steculorum, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prudent, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riemer, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aswendt, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brachvogel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiesner, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.07.547791</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Preserved striatal innervation and motor function despite severe loss of nigral dopamine neurons following mitochondrial dysfunction induced by mtDNA mutations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.19.549657v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Registered report: Age-preserved semantic memory and the CRUNCH effect manifested as differential semantic control networks: an fMRI study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.19.549657v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Semantic memory representations are generally well maintained in aging, whereas semantic control is thought to be more affected. To explain this phenomenon, this study tested the predictions of the Compensation-Related Utilization of Neural Circuits Hypothesis (CRUNCH), focusing on task demands in aging as a possible framework. The CRUNCH effect would manifest itself in semantic tasks through a compensatory increase in neural activation in semantic control network regions but only up to a certain threshold of task demands. This study compares 39 younger (20-35 years old) with 39 older participants (60-75 years old) in a triad-based semantic judgment task performed in an fMRI scanner while manipulating task demand levels (low versus high) through semantic distance. In line with the CRUNCH predictions, differences in neurofunctional activation and behavioral performance (accuracy and response times) were expected in younger versus older participants in the low-versus high-demand conditions, which should be manifested in semantic control Regions of Interest (ROIs). Our older participants had intact behavioral performance, as proposed in the literature for semantic memory tasks (maintained accuracy and slower response times (RTs)). Age-invariant behavioral performance in the older group compared to the younger one is necessary to test the CRUNCH predictions. The older adults were also characterized by high cognitive reserve, as our neuropsychological tests showed. Our behavioral results confirmed that our task successfully manipulated task demands: error rates, RTs and perceived difficulty increased with increasing task demands in both age groups. We did not find an interaction between age group and task demand, or a statistically significant difference in activation between the low- and high-demand conditions for either RTs or accuracy. As for brain activation, we did not find the expected age group by task demand interaction, or a significant main effect of task demand. Overall, our results are compatible with neural activation in the semantic network and the semantic control network, largely in frontotemporoparietal regions. ROI analyses demonstrated significant effects (but no interactions) of task demand in the left and right inferior frontal gyrus, the left posterior middle temporal gyrus, the posterior inferior temporal gyrus and the prefrontal gyrus. Overall, our test did not confirm the CRUNCH predictions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Haitas, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dubuc, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masse-Leblanc, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chamberland, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amiri, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glatard, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joanette, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steffener, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.19.549657</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Registered report: Age-preserved semantic memory and the CRUNCH effect manifested as differential semantic control networks: an fMRI study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/212142v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
C24 sphingolipids play a surprising and central role in governing cholesterol and lateral organization of the live cell plasma membrane 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/212142v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mammalian cell sphingolipids, primarily with C24 and C16 acyl chains, reside in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. Curiously, little is known how C24 sphingolipids impact cholesterol and membrane microdomains. Here, we generated giant unilamellar vesicles and live mammalian cells with C24 or C16 sphingomyelin exclusively in the outer leaflet and compared microdomain formation. In giant unilamellar vesicles, we observed that asymmetrically placed C24 sphingomyelin suppresses microdomains. Conversely, C16 sphingomyelin facilitates microdomains. Replacing endogenous sphingolipids with C24 or C16 sphingomyelin in live HeLa cells has a similar impact on microdomains, characterized by FRET between GPI-anchored proteins: C24, but not C16, sphingomyelin suppresses submicron domains in the plasma membrane. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that, when in the outer leaflet, the acyl chain of C24 sphingomyelin interdigitates into the opposing leaflet, thereby favouring cholesterol in the inner leaflet. We indeed found that cholesterol prefers the inner over the outer leaflet of asymmetric unilamellar vesicles (80/20) when C24 sphingomyelin is in the outer leaflet. However, when C16 sphingomyelin is in the outer leaflet, cholesterol is evenly partitioned between leaflets (50/50). Interestingly, when a mixture of C24/C16 sphingomyelin is in the outer leaflet of unilamellar vesicles, cholesterol still prefers the inner leaflet (80/20). Indeed, in human erythrocyte plasma membrane, where a mixture of C24 and C16 sphingolipids are naturally in the outer leaflet, cholesterol prefers the cytoplasmic leaflet (80/20). Therefore, C24 sphingomyelin uniquely interacts with cholesterol and governs the lateral organization in asymmetric membranes, including the plasma membrane, potentially by generating cholesterol asymmetry.nnStatement of SignificanceThe plasma membrane bilayer of mammalian cells has distinct phospholipids between the outer and inner leaflet, with sphingolipids exclusively in the outer leaflet. A large portion of mammalian sphingolipids have very long acyl chains (C24). Little is known how C24 sphingolipids function in the outer leaflet. Mutations in the ceramide synthase 2 gene is found to decrease C24. This severely perturbs homeostasis in mice and humans. Here, we investigated unilamellar vesicles and mammalian cells with C24 sphingomyelin exclusively in the outer leaflet. We provide evidence that outer leaflet C24 sphingomyelin suppresses microdomains in model membranes and live cells by partitioning cholesterol into the inner leaflet. We propose that C24 sphingolipids are critical to the function of the plasma membrane.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Courtney, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pezeshkian, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raghupathy, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darbyson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ipsen, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ford, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khandelia, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Presley, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zha, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/212142</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[C24 sphingolipids play a surprising and central role in governing cholesterol and lateral organization of the live cell plasma membrane]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/226860v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Niche separation increases with genetic distance among bloom-forming cyanobacteria 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/226860v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacterial communities are composed of distinct groups of potentially interacting lineages, each thought to occupy a distinct ecological niche. It remains unclear, however, how quickly niche preference evolves and whether more closely related lineages are more likely to share ecological niches. We addressed these questions by following the dynamics of two bloom-forming cyanobacterial genera over an 8-year time-course in Lake Champlain, Canada, using 16S amplicon sequencing and measurements of several environmental parameters. The two genera, Microcystis (M) and Dolichospermum (D), are frequently observed simultaneously during bloom events and thus have partially overlapping niches. However, the extent of their niche overlap is debated, and it is also unclear to what extent niche partitioning occurs among strains within each genus. To identify strains within each genus, we applied minimum entropy decomposition (MED) to 16S rRNA gene sequences. We confirmed that at a genus level, M and D have different preferences for nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. Within each genus, we also identified strains differentially associated with temperature, precipitation, and concentrations of nutrients and toxins. In general, niche similarity between strains (as measured by co-occurrence over time) declined with genetic distance. This pattern is consistent with habitat filtering - in which closely-related taxa are ecologically similar, and therefore tend to co-occur under similar environmental conditions. In contrast with this general pattern, similarity in certain niche dimensions (notably particulate nitrogen and phosphorus) did not decline linearly with genetic distance, and instead showed a complex polynomial relationship. This observation suggests the importance of processes other than habitat filtering - such as competition between closely-related taxa, or convergent trait evolution in distantly-related taxa - in shaping particular traits in microbial communities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tromas, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taranu, Z. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fortin, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greer, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shapiro, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-11-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/226860</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Niche separation increases with genetic distance among bloom-forming cyanobacteria]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-11-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/267013v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regulation of ATR activity by the RNA polymerase II phosphatase PNUTS-PP1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/267013v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related (ATR) kinase is a key factor activated by DNA damage and replication stress. Here, we show that ATR signaling is increased in human cells after depletion of the RNAPII phosphatase PNUTS-PP1, which dephosphorylates RNAPII on Ser 5 of its carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) (pRNAPII S5). Increased ATR signaling was observed in the presence and absence of ionizing radiation or replication stress and even in G1 phase after depletion of PNUTS. Vice versa, ATR signaling was reduced, in a PNUTS dependent manner, after inhibition of the CDK7 kinase mediating pRNAPII S5. Furthermore, CDC73, a well-known RNAPII-CTD binding protein, was required for the high ATR signaling after depletion of PNUTS and co-immunoprecipitated with RNAPII and ATR. These results suggest a novel pathway involving RNAPII, PNUTS-PP1 and CDC73 in ATR signaling and give new insight into the diverse functions of ATR.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Landsverk, H. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandquist, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodland, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grallert, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trinkle-Mulcahy, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Syljuasen, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/267013</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regulation of ATR activity by the RNA polymerase II phosphatase PNUTS-PP1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/272211v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ProtaBank: A repository for protein design and engineering data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/272211v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We present ProtaBank, a repository for storing, querying, analyzing, and sharing protein design and engineering data in an actively maintained and updated database. ProtaBank provides a format to describe and compare all types of protein mutational data, spanning a wide range of properties and techniques. It features a user-friendly web interface and programming layer that streamlines data deposition and allows for batch input and queries. The database schema design incorporates a standard format for reporting protein sequences and experimental data that facilitates comparison of results across different data sets. A suite of analysis and visualization tools are provided to facilitate discovery, to guide future designs, and to benchmark and train new predictive tools and algorithms. ProtaBank will provide a valuable resource to the protein engineering community by storing and safeguarding newly generated data, allowing for fast searching and identification of relevant data from the existing literature, and exploring correlations between disparate data sets. ProtaBank invites researchers to contribute data to the database to make it accessible for search and analysis. ProtaBank is available at https://protabank.org.nnImpactThe ProtaBank database provides a central repository for researchers to store, query, analyze, and share all types of protein engineering data. This modern database will serve a pivotal role in organizing protein engineering data and leveraging the increasingly large amounts of mutational data being generated. Together with the analysis tools, it will help scientists gain insights into sequence-function relationships, support the development of new predictive tools and algorithms, and facilitate future protein engineering efforts.nnAbbreviations
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, C. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ary, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chica, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayo, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olafson, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/272211</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ProtaBank: A repository for protein design and engineering data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/277434v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microbiome inhibition of IRAK-4 by trimethylamine mediates metabolic and immune benefits in high-fat-diet-induced insulin resistance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/277434v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The global type 2 diabetes epidemic is a major health crisis and there is a critical need for innovative strategies to fight it. Although the microbiome plays important roles in the onset of insulin resistance (IR) and low-grade inflammation, the microbial compounds regulating these phenomena remain to be discovered. Here, we reveal that the microbiome inhibits a central kinase, eliciting immune and metabolic benefits. Through a series of in vivo experiments based on choline supplementation, blocking trimethylamine (TMA) production then administering TMA, we demonstrate that TMA decouples inflammation and IR from obesity in the context of high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. Through in vitro kinome screens, we reveal TMA specifically inhibits Interleukin-1 Receptor-associated Kinase 4 (IRAK4), a central kinase integrating signals from various toll-like receptors and cytokine receptors. TMA blunts TLR4 signalling in primary human hepatocytes and peripheral blood monocytic cells, and improves mouse survival after a lipopolysaccharide-induced septic shock. Consistent with this, genetic deletion and chemical inhibition of IRAK4 result in similar metabolic and immune improvements in HFD. In summary, TMA appears to be a key microbial compound inhibiting IRAK4 and mediating metabolic and immune effects with benefits upon HFD. Thereby we highlight the critical contribution of the microbial signalling metabolome in homeostatic regulation of host disease and the emerging role of the kinome in microbial-mammalian chemical crosstalk.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chilloux, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brial, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Everard, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smyth, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plovier, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myridakis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoyles, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuchs, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blancher, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gencer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez-Gili, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fearnside, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barton, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neves, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rothwell, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerard, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calderari, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boulange, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glen, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gooderham, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicholson, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gauguier, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cani, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dumas, M.-E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/277434</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microbiome inhibition of IRAK-4 by trimethylamine mediates metabolic and immune benefits in high-fat-diet-induced insulin resistance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/286625v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Time dependence of cellular responses to dynamic and complex strain fields 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/286625v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Exposing cells to an unconventional sequence of physical cues can reveal subtleties of cellular sensing and response mechanisms. We investigated the mechanoresponse of cyclically-stretched fibroblasts under a spatially non-uniform strain field which was subjected to repeated changes in stretching directions over 55 hours. A polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic stretcher array optimized for complex staining procedures and imaging was developed to generate biologically relevant strain and strain gradient amplitudes. We demonstrated that cells can successfully reorient themselves repeatedly, as the main cyclical stretching direction is consecutively switched between two perpendicular directions every 11 hours. Importantly, from one reorientation to the next, the extent to which cells reorient themselves perpendicularly to the local strain direction progressively decreases, while their tendency to align perpendicularly to the strain gradient direction tends to increase. We demonstrate that these results are consistent with our finding that cellular responses to strains and strain gradients occur on two distinct time scales, the latter being slower. Overall, our results reveal the absence of major irreversible cellular changes that compromise the ability to sense and reorient to changing strain directions under the conditions of this experiment. On the other hand, we show how the history of strain field dynamics can influence the cellular realignment behavior, due to the interplay of complex time-dependent responses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chagnon-Lessard, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pelling, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/286625</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Time dependence of cellular responses to dynamic and complex strain fields]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/288852v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Biallelic Mutations in LRRC56 encoding a protein associated with intraflagellar transport, cause mucociliary clearance and laterality defects 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/288852v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Defective motile cilia are responsible for a group of heterogeneous genetic conditions characterised by dysfunction of the apparatus responsible for generating fluid flows. Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is the prototype for such disorders and presents with impaired pulmonary mucus clearance, susceptibility to chronic recurrent respiratory infections, male infertility and laterality defects in about 50 % of patients. Here we report biallelic variants in LRRC56 (also known as ODA8), identified in two unrelated consanguineous families. The phenotype comprises laterality defects and chronic pulmonary infections. High speed video microscopy of cultured patient epithelial cells showed severely dyskinetic cilia, but no obvious ultra-structural abnormalities on routine transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Further investigation revealed that LRRC56 interacts with the intraflagellar transport (IFT) protein IFT88. The link to IFT was interrogated in Trypanosoma brucei. In this protist, LRRC56 is recruited to the cilium during axoneme construction, where it co-localises with IFT trains and facilitates the addition of dynein arms to the distal end of the flagellum. In T. brucei carrying LRRC56 null mutations, or a mutation (p.Leu259Pro) corresponding to the p.Leu140Pro variant seen in one of the affected families, we observed abnormal ciliary beat patterns and an absence of outer dynein arms restricted to the distal portion of the axoneme. Together, our findings confirm that deleterious variants in LRRC56 result in a human disease, and suggest this protein has a likely role in dynein transport during cilia assembly that is evolutionarily important for cilia motility.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bonnefoy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kernohan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemos, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hutchinson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poulter, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crinion, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Callaghan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirst, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rutman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartley, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grynspan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moya, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carr, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonthron, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leroux, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Care4Rare Canada Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boycott, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bastin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheridan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/288852</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Biallelic Mutations in LRRC56 encoding a protein associated with intraflagellar transport, cause mucociliary clearance and laterality defects]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/362525v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor, Ghrelin and Biochemical Signaling Molecules in Human Heart Failure 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/362525v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundCurrently, the early pre-clinical detection of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction is difficult as biomarkers are not specific for the cardiomyopathic process. The underlying molecular mechanisms leading to heart failure remain elusive, highlighting the need for identification of cardiac-specific markers. The growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) and its ligand ghrelin are present in cardiac tissue and are known to contribute to myocardial energetics. Here, we examined tissue ghrelin-GHSR levels as specific markers of cardiac dysfunction in patients who underwent cardiac transplantation.nnMethods and ResultsSamples of cardiac tissue were obtained from 10 cardiac transplant patients at the time of organ harvesting, and during serial post-transplant biopsies. Quantitative fluorescence microscopy using a novel fluorescent ghrelin analog was used to measure levels of GHSR, and immunofluorescence was used to measure levels of ghrelin, b-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and tissue markers of cardiomyocyte contractility and growth. GHSR and ghrelin expression levels were highly variable in the explanted heart, less in the grafted heart biopsies. GHSR and ghrelin were strongly positively correlated, and both markers were negatively correlated with LV ejection fraction. Ghrelin had stronger positive correlations than BNP with the signaling markers for contractility and growth.nnConclusionsThese data suggest that GHSR-ghrelin have potential use as an integrated marker of cardiac dysfunction. Interestingly, tissue ghrelin appeared to be a more sensitive indicator than BNP to the biochemical processes that are characteristic of heart failure. This work allows for further use of ghrelin-GHSR to interrogate cardiac-specific biochemical mechanisms in pre-clinical stages of HF.nnPrecisThis study shows the relationships between GHSR, ghrelin, and signaling molecules with relation to heart function in human heart failure with tissue from diseased heart and healthy heart biopsies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sullivan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Randhawa, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stokes, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lalonde, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiaii, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luyt, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wisenberg, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dhanvantari, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/362525</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor, Ghrelin and Biochemical Signaling Molecules in Human Heart Failure]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/408492v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of rare-disease genes in diverse undiagnosed cases using whole blood transcriptome sequencing and large control cohorts 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/408492v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is a complementary approach for Mendelian disease diagnosis for patients in whom exome-sequencing is not informative. For both rare neuromuscular and mitochondrial disorders, its application has improved diagnostic rates. However, the generalizability of this approach to diverse Mendelian diseases has yet to be evaluated. We sequenced whole blood RNA from 56 cases with undiagnosed rare diseases spanning 11 diverse disease categories to evaluate the general application of RNA-seq to Mendelian disease diagnosis. We developed a robust approach to compare rare disease cases to existing large sets of RNA-seq controls (N=1,594 external and N=31 family-based controls) and demonstrated the substantial impacts of gene and variant filtering strategies on disease gene identification when combined with RNA-seq. Across our cohort, we observed that RNA-seq yields a 8.5% diagnostic rate. These diagnoses included diseases where blood would not intuitively reflect evidence of disease. We identified RARS2 as an under-expression outlier containing compound heterozygous pathogenic variants for an individual exhibiting profound global developmental delay, seizures, microcephaly, hypotonia, and progressive scoliosis. We also identified a new splicing junction in KCTD7 for an individual with global developmental delay, loss of milestones, tremors and seizures. Our study provides a broad evaluation of blood RNA-seq for the diagnosis of rare disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fresard, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smail, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferraro, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teran, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kernohan, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonner, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marwaha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zappala, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balliu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prybol, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kholer, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zastrow, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisk, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grove, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartley, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strober, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Utiramerur, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Care4Rare Canada Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Undiagnosed Diseases Network,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lind, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ingelsson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Battle, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bejerano, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernstein, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashley, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boycott, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merker, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wheeler, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montgomery, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/408492</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of rare-disease genes in diverse undiagnosed cases using whole blood transcriptome sequencing and large control cohorts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/426080v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Process-specific somatic mutation distributions vary with three-dimensional genome structure 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/426080v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Somatic mutations arise during the life history of a cell. Mutations occurring in cancer driver genes may ultimately lead to the development of clinically detectable disease. Nascent cancer lineages continue to acquire somatic mutations throughout the neoplastic process and during cancer evolution (Martincorena and Campbell, 2015). Extrinsic and endogenous mutagenic factors contribute to the accumulation of these somatic mutations (Zhang and Pellman, 2015). Understanding the underlying factors generating somatic mutations is crucial for developing potential preventive, therapeutic and clinical decisions. Earlier studies have revealed that DNA replication timing (Stamatoyannopoulos et al., 2009) and chromatin modifications (Schuster-Bockler and Lehner, 2012) are associated with variations in mutational density. What is unclear from these early studies, however, is whether all extrinsic and exogenous factors that drive somatic mutational processes share a similar relationship with chromatin state and structure. In order to understand the interplay between spatial genome organization and specific individual mutational processes, we report here a study of 3000 tumor-normal pair whole genome datasets from more than 40 different human cancer types. Our analyses revealed that different mutational processes lead to distinct somatic mutation distributions between chromatin folding domains. APOBEC- or MSI-related mutations are enriched in transcriptionally-active domains while mutations occurring due to tobacco-smoke, ultraviolet (UV) light exposure or a signature of unknown aetiology (signature 17) enrich predominantly in transcriptionally-inactive domains. Active mutational processes dictate the mutation distributions in cancer genomes, and we show that mutational distributions shift during cancer evolution upon mutational processes switch. Moreover, a dramatic instance of extreme chromatin structure in humans, that of the unique folding pattern of the inactive X-chromosome leads to distinct somatic mutation distribution on X chromosome in females compared to males in various cancer types. Overall, the interplay between three-dimensional genome organization and active mutational processes has a substantial influence on the large-scale mutation rate variations observed in human cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Akdemir, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le, V. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Killcoyne, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lian, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Inoue, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, F. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herrera, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lynn, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seth, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klimczak, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerstung, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordenin, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Brien, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verhaak, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fitzgerald, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morrison, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixon, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Futreal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/426080</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Process-specific somatic mutation distributions vary with three-dimensional genome structure]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/432088v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell-type-specific methylome-wide association studies implicate neurodegenerative processes and neuroimmune communication in major depressive disorder 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/432088v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We studied the methylome in three collections of human postmortem brain (N=206) and blood samples (N=1,132) of subjects with major depressive disorder (MDD) and controls. Using an epigenomic deconvolution approach we performed cell-type-specific methylome-wide association studies (MWAS) within sub-populations of neurons/glia and granulocytes/T-cells/B-cells/monocytes for bulk brain and blood data, respectively. Multiple MWAS findings in neurons/glia replicated across brain collections (ORs=509-538, P-values<1x10-5) and were reproducible in an array-based MWAS of sorted neurons/glia from a fourth brain collection (N=58). Pathway analyses implicated p75NTR/VEGF signaling, neurodegeneration, and blood-brain barrier perturbation. Cell-type-specific analysis in blood identified associations in CD14+ monocytes -- a cell type strongly linked to neuroimmune processes and stress. Top results in neurons/glia/bulk and monocytes were enriched for genes supported by GWAS for MDD (ORs=2.02-2.87, P-values=0.003 to <1x10-5), neurodegeneration and other psychiatric disorders. In summary, we identified novel MDD-methylation associations by using epigenomic deconvolution that provided important mechanistic insights for the disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chan, R. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turecki, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shabalin, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guintivano, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, L. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Grootheest, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaminsky, Z. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dean, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penninx, B. W. J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aberg, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van den Oord, E. J. C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/432088</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell-type-specific methylome-wide association studies implicate neurodegenerative processes and neuroimmune communication in major depressive disorder]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/436410v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Would conserving natural land cover in landscapes conserve biodiversity? 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/436410v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
It is generally accepted that protecting natural land cover would protect biodiversity. This would only be true as a general statement if the relationship between richness and natural land cover were monotonic positive and scale- and method-independent. Assertions about habitat loss causing species losses often come from broad-scale assessment of richness (e.g., from range maps) combined with patterns of natural habitat conversion. Yet, the evidence about species loss following habitat loss or fragmentation typically comes from fine-scale experiments. Here, we test whether broad-extent relationships between avian species richness and natural land cover are independent of: 1) whether species distribution data come from systematic censuses (atlases) versus range maps, and 2) the grain size of the analysis. We regressed census-based and range map-based avian species richness against the proportion of natural land cover and temperature. Censused richness at the landscape level was obtained from Breeding Bird Atlases of Ontario and New York State. Range-map richness derived from BirdLife International range maps. Comparisons were made across different spatial grains: 25-km2, 100-km2, and 900-km2. Over regional extents, range-map richness relates strongly to temperature, irrespective of spatial grain. Censused species richness relates to temperature less strongly. Range-map richness is a negative function of the proportion of natural land cover, while realized richness is a peaked function. The two measures of richness are not monotonically related to each other. In conclusion, the data do not indicate that, in practice, landscapes with greater natural land cover in southern Ontario or in New York State have higher species richness. Moreover, different data types can lead to dramatically different relationships between richness and natural land cover. We argue that the argument that habitat loss is the main driver of species loss has become a panchreston. It may be misguiding conservation biology strategies by focusing on a threat that is too general to be usefully predictive.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>De Camargo, R. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Currie, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/436410</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Would conserving natural land cover in landscapes conserve biodiversity?]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/473801v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TCF7L1 and TCF7 differentially regulate specific mouse ES cell genes in response to GSK-3 inhibition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/473801v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The genome-wide chromatin occupancy of the TCF/LEF factors and its modulation by Wnt pathway activation remain poorly defined. Here, we describe mouse ES cell (mESC) lines expressing a single copy knock-in of the 3xFLAG epitope at the N-terminus of TCF7L1 and TCF7, the two most-highly expressed TCF/LEF factors in mESCs. TCF7L1 protein levels, detected by immunoblotting with a FLAG antibody, were much higher than TCF7 in mESCs maintained in standard serum- and LIF-supplemented medium, even in the presence of the GSK-3 inhibitor, CHIR99021 (CHIR). We used FLAG antibody-mediated ChIP-seq to determine TCF7 and TCF7L1 chromatin occupancy in mESCs cultured in standard medium with or without CHIR for 14 hours. TCF7 and TCF7L1 displayed very few overlapping ChIP peaks across the genome, with TCF7L1 binding significantly more genes than TCF7 in both culture conditions. Despite a reduction in total TCF7L1 protein after CHIR treatment, the TCF7L1 ChIP peak profiles were not uniformly attenuated. Our data demonstrate that TCF7L1 chromatin occupancy upon short-term CHIR treatment is modulated in a target-specific manner. Our findings also suggest that Wnt target genes in mESCs are not regulated by TCF/LEF switching, and TCF7L1, although often called a constitutive repressor, may serve as a transcriptional activator of certain target genes in CHIR-treated mESCs.nnHighlightsO_LIChIP and cytometry data suggest that TCF7L1 does not directly regulate mESC Nanog expression.nC_LIO_LITCF7L1 remains associated with {beta}-catenin in the presence of CHIR99021.nC_LIO_LITCF7 and TCF7L1 display different chromatin occupancies in mESCs.nC_LIO_LITCF7L1 binding at specific genomic sites is variably altered by CHIR99021.nC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Moreira, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polena, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahendram, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mercier, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blais, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doble, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/473801</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TCF7L1 and TCF7 differentially regulate specific mouse ES cell genes in response to GSK-3 inhibition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/515494v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic association analyses highlight IL6, ALPL, and NAV1 as three new susceptibility genes underlying calcific aortic valve stenosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/515494v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To date, only two replicated loci, LPA and PALMD, have been identified as causal genes for calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS) using genome-wide and transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS). To identify additional susceptibility genes for CAVS, we performed a GWAS meta-analysis totaling 5,115 cases and 354,072 controls of European descent. Four loci achieved genome-wide significance, including two new loci: IL6 (interleukin 6) on 7p15.3 and ALPL (alkaline phosphatase) on 1p36.12. A TWAS integrating an eQTL study of 233 human aortic valves identified NAV1 (neuron navigator 1) on 1q32.1 as a new candidate causal gene. The CAVS risk alleles were associated with higher mRNA expression of NAV1 in valve tissues. Association results at the genome-wide scale showed genetic correlation with coronary artery disease and cardiovascular risk factors. Our study highlights three new loci implicating inflammation, mineralization and blood vessel integrity in CAVS pathogenesis and supports shared genetic etiology with cardiovascular traits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Theriault, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dina, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Messika-Zeitoun, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Scouarnec, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Capoulade, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaudreault, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rigade, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simonet, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamontagne, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clavel, M.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arsenault, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boureau, A.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lecointe, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baron, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonnaud, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karakachoff, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charpentier, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fellah, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roussel, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verhoye, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baufreton, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Probst, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roussel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D.E.S.I.R. Study Group,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Redon, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dagenais, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pibarot, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathieu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Tourneau, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bosse, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schott, J.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/515494</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic association analyses highlight IL6, ALPL, and NAV1 as three new susceptibility genes underlying calcific aortic valve stenosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/524405v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A large-scale multivariate pQTL study sheds light on the genetic architecture of obesity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/524405v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Molecular quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses are increasingly popular to explore the genetic architecture of complex traits, but existing studies do not leverage shared regulatory patterns and suffer from a large multiplicity burden, which hampers the detection of weak signals such as trans associations. Here, we present a fully multivariate proteomic QTL (pQTL) analysis performed with our recently proposed Bayesian method LOCUS on data from two clinical cohorts, with plasma protein levels quantified by mass-spectrometry and aptamer-based assays. Our two-stage study identifies 136 pQTL associations in the first cohort, of which > 80% replicate in the second independent cohort and have significant enrichment with functional genomic elements and disease risk loci. Moreover, 78% of the pQTLs whose protein abundance was quantified by both proteomic techniques are confirmed across assays. Our thorough comparisons with standard univariate QTL mapping on (1) these data and (2) synthetic data emulating the real data show how LOCUS borrows strength across correlated protein levels and markers on a genome-wide scale to effectively increase statistical power. Notably, 15% of the pQTLs uncovered by LOCUS would be missed by the univariate approach, including several trans and pleiotropic hits with successful independent validation. Finally, the analysis of extensive clinical data from the two cohorts indicates that the genetically-driven proteins identified by LOCUS are enriched in associations with low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia and might therefore act as endophenotypes for metabolic diseases. While considerations on the clinical role of the pQTLs are beyond the scope of our work, these findings generate useful hypotheses to be explored in future research; all results are accessible online from our searchable database. Thanks to its efficient variational Bayes implementation, LOCUS can analyse jointly thousands of traits and millions of markers. Its applicability goes beyond pQTL studies, opening new perspectives for large-scale genome-wide association and QTL analyses.

Author summaryExploring the functional mechanisms between the genotype and disease endpoints in view of identifying innovative therapeutic targets has prompted molecular quantitative trait locus studies, which assess how genetic variants (single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) affect intermediate gene (eQTL), protein (pQTL) or metabolite (mQTL) levels. However, conventional univariate screening approaches do not account for local dependencies and association structures shared by multiple molecular levels and markers. Conversely, the current joint modelling approaches are restricted to small datasets by computational constraints. We illustrate and exploit the advantages of our recently introduced Bayesian framework LOCUS in a fully multivariate pQTL study, with {approx} 300K tag SNPs (capturing information from 4M markers) and 100 - 1,000 plasma protein levels measured by two distinct technologies. LOCUS identifies novel pQTLs that replicate in an independent cohort, confirms signals documented in studies 2 - 18 times larger, and detects more pQTLs than a conventional two-stage univariate analysis of our datasets. Moreover, some of these pQTLs might be of biomedical relevance and would therefore deserve dedicated investigation. Our extensive numerical experiments on these data and on simulated data demonstrate that the increased statistical power of LOCUS over standard approaches is largely attributable to its ability to exploit shared information across outcomes while efficiently accounting for the genetic correlation structures at a genome-wide level.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ruffieux, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carayol, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harper, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dent, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saris, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Astrup, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davison, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hager, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valsesia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/524405</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A large-scale multivariate pQTL study sheds light on the genetic architecture of obesity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/594523v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A missense variant in Mitochondrial Amidoxime Reducing Component 1 gene and protection against liver disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/594523v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Analyzing 5770 all-cause cirrhosis cases and 572,850 controls from seven cohorts, we identify a missense variant in the Mitochondrial Amidoxime Reducing Component 1 gene (MARC1 p.A165T) that associates with protection from all-cause cirrhosis (OR 0.88, p=2.1*10-8). This same variant also associates with lower levels of hepatic fat on computed tomographic imaging and lower odds of physician-diagnosed fatty liver as well as lower blood levels of alanine transaminase (-0.012 SD, 1.4*10-8), alkaline phosphatase (-0.019 SD, 6.6*10-9), total cholesterol (-0.037 SD, p=1*10-18) and LDL cholesterol (-0.035 SD, p=7.3*10-16). Carriers of rare protein-truncating variants in MARC1 had lower liver enzyme levels, cholesterol levels, and reduced odds of liver disease (OR 0.19, p= 0.04) suggesting that deficiency of the MARC1 enzyme protects against cirrhosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Emdin, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haas, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khera, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aragam, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaffin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, W.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karjalainen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Havulinna, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiiskinen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bick, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ardissino, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schunkert, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McPherson, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watkins, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elosua, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bown, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samani, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baber, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erdmann, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danesh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saleheen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daly, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Denny, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabriel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kathiresan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/594523</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A missense variant in Mitochondrial Amidoxime Reducing Component 1 gene and protection against liver disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/634501v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Infection-driven activation of transglutaminase 2 boosts glucose uptake and hexosamine biosynthesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/634501v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a ubiquitous enzyme with transamidating activity. We report here that the expression and activity of TG2 are enhanced in cells infected with the obligate intracellular bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of TG2 activity impair bacterial development. We show that TG2 increases glucose import by up-regulating the transcription of the glucose transporter genes GLUT-1 and GLUT-3. Furthermore, TG2 activation drives one specific glucose-dependent pathway in the host, i.e. hexosamine biosynthesis. Mechanistically, we identify the glucosamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFPT) among the substrates of TG2. GFPT modification by TG2 increases its enzymatic activity, resulting in higher levels of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine biosynthesis. As a consequence, TG2 activation results in increased protein O-GlcNAcylation. The correlation between TG2 transamidating activity and O-GlcNAcylation is disrupted in infected cells because host hexosamine biosynthesis is being exploited by the bacteria, in particular to assist their division. In conclusion, our work establishes TG2 as a key player in controlling glucose-derived metabolic pathways in mammalian cells, themselves hijacked by C. trachomatis to sustain their own metabolic needs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Maffei, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laverriere, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Triboulet, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perrinet, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duchateau, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matondo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hollis, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gourley, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rupp, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keillor, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subtil, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/634501</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Infection-driven activation of transglutaminase 2 boosts glucose uptake and hexosamine biosynthesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/664268v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An improved method for culturing myotubes on laminins for the robust clustering of postsynaptic machinery 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/664268v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Motor neurons form specialized synapses with skeletal muscle fibers, called neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). Cultured myotubes are used as a simplified in vitro system to study the postsynaptic specialization of muscles. The stimulation of myotubes with the glycoprotein agrin or laminin-111 induces the clustering of postsynaptic machinery that contains acetylcholine receptors (AChRs). When myotubes are grown on laminin-coated surfaces, AChR clusters undergo developmental remodeling to form topologically complex structures that resemble mature NMJs. Needing further exploration are the molecular processes that govern AChR cluster assembly and its developmental maturation. Here, we describe an improved protocol for culturing muscle cells to promote the formation of complex AChR clusters. We screened various laminin isoforms and showed that laminin-221 was the most potent for inducing AChR clusters, whereas laminin-121, laminin-211, and laminin-221 afforded the highest percentages of topologically complex assemblies. Human primary myotubes that were formed by myoblasts obtained from patient biopsies also assembled AChR clusters that underwent remodeling in vitro. Collectively, these results demonstrate an advancement of culturing myotubes that can facilitate high-throughput screening for potential therapeutic targets for neuromuscular disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pezinski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daszczuk, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pradhan, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lochmuller, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Proszynski, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/664268</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An improved method for culturing myotubes on laminins for the robust clustering of postsynaptic machinery]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/666230v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Serological and metagenomic interrogation of cerebrospinal fluid implicates enteroviruses in pediatric acute flaccid myelitis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/666230v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundSince 2014, the United States has experienced a biennial spike in pediatric acute flaccid myelitis (AFM). Epidemiologic evidence suggests non-polio enteroviruses (EVs) are a potential etiology, yet EV RNA is rarely detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and only inconsistently identified from the respiratory tract, serum, or stool.nnMethodsWe interrogated CSF from children with AFM (n=42) and pediatric controls with other neurologic diseases (OND) (n=58). Samples were incubated with T7 bacteriophage expressing 481,966 sixty-two amino acid peptides with a fourteen amino acid overlap tiled across all known vertebrate virus and arbovirus genomes, an adaption of the VirScan method. Antibody-bound phage were deep sequenced to quantify enriched peptides with normalized counts expressed as reads per hundred thousand (rpK). EV antibody findings were confirmed with ELISA using whole viral protein 1 (VP1) from contemporary enterovirus (EV) A71 and D68 strains. Separately, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of CSF RNA, both unbiased and with targeted enrichment for EVs, was performed.nnResultsThe most significantly enriched viral family by VirScan of CSF in AFM versus OND controls was Picornaviridae (mean rpK 11,266 versus mean rpK 950, p-adjusted < 0.001, Wilcoxon signed-rank test with Bonferroni adjustment). Enriched Picornaviridae peptides belonged almost entirely to the genus Enterovirus. The mean EV VP1 ELISA signal in AFM (mean OD 0.51) was significantly higher than OND controls (mean OD 0.08, p-value < 0.001, Mann-Whitney test). mNGS did not detect additional enterovirus RNA in CSF.nnConclusionDespite the rare detection of EV RNA in the CNS of patients with AFM, a pan-viral serologic assay identified high levels of CSF EV antibodies in AFM CSF compared to CSF from OND controls. These results provide further evidence for a causal role of non-polio enteroviruses in AFM.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schubert, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawes, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramachandran, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramesh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crawford, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pak, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheung, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Donovan, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tato, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyden, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sit, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sowa, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sample, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zorn, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banerji, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khan, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bove, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hauser, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gelfand, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson-Kerner, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nash, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishnamoorthy, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chitnis, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, J. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMillan, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiu, C. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Briggs, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glaser, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wadford, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dominguez, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, T. F. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marine, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nix, W. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soldatos, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benson, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Messacar, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Konopka-Anstadt, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ob</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/666230</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Serological and metagenomic interrogation of cerebrospinal fluid implicates enteroviruses in pediatric acute flaccid myelitis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/666909v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Adding MASP1 to the lectin pathway - leprosy association puzzle: hints from gene polymorphisms and protein levels. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/666909v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundDeposition of complement factors on Mycobacterium leprae may enhance phagocytosis. Such deposition may occur through the lectin pathway of complement. Three proteins of the lectin pathway are produced from the gene MASP1: Mannan-binding lectin-associated serine protease 1 (MASP-1) and MASP-3 and mannan-binding lectin-associated protein of 44 kDa (MAp44). Despite their obvious importance, the roles played by these proteins have never been investigated in leprosy disease.nnMethodologyWe haplotyped five MASP1 polymorphisms by multiplex sequence-specific PCR (intronic rs7609662*G>A and rs13064994*C>T, exon 12 3-untranslated rs72549262*C>G, rs1109452*C>T and rs850314*G>A) and measured MASP-1, MASP-3 and MAp44 serum levels in 196 leprosy patients (60%, lepromatous) and 193 controls.nnPrincipal findingsLower MASP-3 and MAp44 levels were observed in patients, compared with controls (P=0.0002 and P<0.0001, respectively) and in lepromatous, compared with non-lepromatous patients (P=0.008 and P=0.002, respectively). Higher MASP-3 levels occurred in controls carrying variants/haplotypes associated with leprosy resistance (rs13064994*T, rs1109452_rs850314*CG within GT_CCG and rs850314*A: OR=0.5-0.6, Pcorr=0.01-0.04). Controls with rs1109452*T, included in susceptibility haplotypes (GT_GTG/GT_CTG: OR=2.0, Pcorr=0.03), had higher MASP-1 and lower MASP-3 levels (P[&le;]0.009). Those with GC_CCG, presented increasing susceptibility (OR=1.7, Pcorr=0.006) and had higher MAp44 levels (P=0.015). MASP-3 expression decreased in patients, compared with controls carrying rs1109452_rs850314*CA or CG (P[&le;]0.02), which may rely on exon 12 CpG methylation and/or miR-2861/miR-3181 mRNA binding.nnConclusionPolymorphisms regulating MASP-3/MAp44 availability in serum modulate leprosy susceptibility, underlining the importance of lectin pathway regulation against pathogens that exploit phagocytosis to parasitize host macrophages.nnAuthor summarySince immemorial times, Mycobacterium leprae inflicts permanent injuries in human kind, within a wide symptomatic spectrum ranging from insensitive skin patches to disabling physical lesions. Innate resistance to this parasite is well recognized, but poorly understood. The complement system is one of the most important arms of the innate response, and several lines of evidence indicate that it may be usurped by the parasite to enhance its entrance into host cells. These include our recent work on genetic association of the disease with lectin pathway components and the complement receptor CR1, whose polymorphisms modulate susceptibility to infection and clinical presentation. Here, we add another pivotal piece in the leprosy parasite-host interaction puzzle: polymorphisms and serum levels of three different lectin pathway proteins, all encoded by the same gene, namely mannan-binding lectin-associated serine protease 1 (MASP1). We found lower levels of two of these proteins, MASP-3 and MAp44, in leprosy patients. Higher MASP-3/lower MASP-1 levels were associated with protective haplotypes, containing two side-by-side polymorphisms located in the exclusive untranslated region of MASP-3 exon 12, which may regulate exon splicing and/or translation efficiency. The associations revealed in this study reflect the pleiotropic nature of this gene. They further illustrate the complexity of the response mounted against the parasite, which places MASP1 products in the regulatory crossroad between the innate and adaptive arms of the immunological system, modulating leprosy susceptibility.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Weinschutz Mendes, H. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boldt, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stahlke, E. R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jensenius, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thiel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Messias-Reason, I. J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/666909</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Adding MASP1 to the lectin pathway - leprosy association puzzle: hints from gene polymorphisms and protein levels.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/674242v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mathematics and the brain - a category theoretic approach to go beyond the neural correlates of consciousness 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/674242v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Consciousness is a central issue in cognitive neuroscience. To explain the relationship between consciousness and its neural correlates, various theories have been proposed. We still lack a formal framework that can address the nature of the relationship between consciousness and its physical substrates though. Here, we provide a novel mathematical framework of Category Theory (CT), in which we can define and study the "sameness" between "different" domains of phenomena such as consciousness and its neural substrates. CT was designed and developed to deal with the "relationships" between various domains of phenomena. We introduce three concepts of CT including (i) category; (ii) inclusion functor and expansion functor; and (iii) natural transformation between the functors. Each of these mathematical concepts is related to specific features in the neural correlates of consciousness (NCC). In this novel framework, we will examine two of the major theories of consciousness: integrated information theory (IIT) of consciousness and temporo-spatial theory of consciousness (TTC). These theories concern the structural relationships among structures of physical substrates and subjective experiences. The three CT-based concepts, introduced in this paper, unravel some basic issues in our search for the NCC; while addressing the same questions, we show that IIT and TTC provide different albeit complementary answers. Importantly, our account suggests that we need to go beyond a traditional concept of NCC including both content-specific and full NCC. We need to shift our focus from the relationship between "one" neuronal and "one" phenomenal state to the relationship between a structure of neural states and a structure of phenomenal states. We conclude that CT unravels and highlights basic questions about the NCC in general which needs to be met and addressed by any future neuroscientific theory of consciousness.nnAuthor summaryNeuroscience has made considerable progress in uncovering the neural correlates of consciousness (NCC). At the same time, recent studies demonstrated the complexity of the neuronal mechanisms underlying consciousness. To make further progress in the neuroscience of consciousness, we need proper mathematical formalization of the neuronal mechanisms potentially underlying consciousness. Providing a first tentative attempt, our paper addresses both by (i) pointing out the specific problems of and proposing a new approach to go beyond the traditional approach of the neural correlates of consciousness, and (ii) by recruiting a recently popular mathematical formalization, category theory (CT). With CT, we provide mathematical formalization of the broader neural correlates of consciousness by its application to two of the major theories, integrated information theory (IIT) and temporo-spatial theory of consciousness (TTC). Together, our CT-based mathematical formalization of the neural correlates of consciousness including its specification in the terms of IIT and TTC allows to go beyond the current concept of NCC in both mathematical and neural terms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Northoff, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsuchiya, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saigo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/674242</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mathematics and the brain - a category theoretic approach to go beyond the neural correlates of consciousness]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/678375v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The evolution of biotic and abiotic realized niches within freshwater Synechococcus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/678375v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding how ecological traits have changed over evolutionary time is a fundamental question in biology. Specifically, the extent to which more closely-related organisms share similar ecological preferences due to phylogenetic conservation - or if they are forced apart by competition - is still debated. Here we explored the co-occurrence patterns of freshwater cyanobacteria at the sub-genus level to investigate whether more closely-related taxa share more similar niches, and to what extent these niches were defined by abiotic or biotic variables. We used deep 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and measured several abiotic environmental parameters (nutrients, temperature, etc.) in water samples collected over time and space in Furnas Reservoir, Brazil. We found that relatively more closely-related Synechococcus (in the continuous range of 93-100% nucleotide identity in 16S) had an increased tendency to co-occur with one another (i.e. had similar realized niches). This tendency could not be easily explained by shared preferences for measured abiotic niche dimensions. Thus, commonly measured abiotic parameters might not be sufficient to characterize, nor to predict community assembly or dynamics. Rather, co-occurrence between Synechococcus and the surrounding community (whether or not they represent true biological interactions) may be a more sensitive measure of realized niches. Overall, our results suggest that realized niches are phylogenetically conserved, at least at the sub-genus level and at the resolution of the 16S marker. Determining how these results generalize to other genera and at finer genetic resolution merits further investigation.

Originality-Significance StatementWe address a fundamental question in ecology and evolution: how do niche preferences change over evolutionary time? Using time-series analysis of 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing data, we develop an approach to highlight the importance of biotic factors in defining realized niches, and show how niche preferences change proportionally with the 16S gene molecular clock within the genus Synechococcus. Ours is also one of few studies on the ecology of freshwater Synechococcus, adding significantly to our knowledge about this abundant and widespread lineage of Cyanobacteria.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tromas, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castelli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taranu, Z. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pimentel, J. S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pereira, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marcoz, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shapiro, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/678375</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The evolution of biotic and abiotic realized niches within freshwater Synechococcus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/683359v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TSC2-deficiency potentiates a catabolic signaling switch that differentiates neural and neural crest lineage development and progressive disease manifestations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/683359v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
mTORC1 hyperactivation resulting from inactivating TSC2 mutations underlie the multi-system tumor disorder tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and the rare pulmonary neoplasm lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM). Mutation-bearing neural precursor cells (NPCs) lead to the formation of TSC brain tumors during development, while the cell of origin of TSC mesenchymal tumors such as LAM is unknown. We report the first model of multi-system TSC cell types, characterized by NPCs and neural crest cells (NCCs) differentiated in parallel from multiple engineered TSC2-/- human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) lines. These cells successfully model defining phenotypes of neural and mesenchymal TSC, with transcriptomic signatures reflecting those observed in patient tumors, thus establishing TSC2-/- NCCs as a powerful model of LAM. Employing this rich cellular and transcriptomic resource, we identified lineage-specific catabolic signaling mechanisms that drive divergent cell behavior and therapeutic sensitivities that, in turn, demonstrate the power of employing lineage-specific stem cell models to dissect multi-system diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Delaney, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Julian, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pietrobon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yockell-Lelievre, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dore, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doyon, V. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raymond, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patten, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harper, M.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stanford, W. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/683359</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TSC2-deficiency potentiates a catabolic signaling switch that differentiates neural and neural crest lineage development and progressive disease manifestations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/691386v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Myf6/MRF4 is a Myogenic Niche Regulator Required for the Maintenance of the Muscle Stem Cell Pool 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/691386v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In metazoans, skeletal muscle evolved to contract and produce force. However, recent experimental evidence suggests that skeletal muscle has also acquired endocrine functions and produces a vast array of myokines. Using ChIP-Seq and gene expression analyses of myogenic factors, we show that Myf6/MRF4 transcriptionally regulates a broad spectrum of myokines and muscle-secreted proteins, including ligands for downstream activation of key signaling pathways such as EGFR, STAT3 and VEGFR. Homozygous deletion of Myf6 causes a significant reduction in the ability of muscle to produce key myokines such as EGF, VEGFA and LIF. Consequently, although Myf6 knockout mice are born with a normal muscle stem cell compartment, they undergo progressive reduction in their stem cell pool during postnatal life. Mechanistically, muscle stem cells from the Myf6 knockout animals show defects in activation of EGFR and STAT3 signaling, upregulate the p38 MAP kinase pathway and spontaneously break from quiescence. Exogenous application of recombinant EGF and LIF rescue the defects in the muscle stem cell pool of Myf6 knockout animals. Finally, skeletal muscles of mice lacking Myf6 have a significantly reduced ability to sustain donor-engrafted muscle stem cells. Taken together, our data uncovers a novel role for Myf6 in regulating the expression of niche factors and myokines to maintain the skeletal muscle stem cell pool in adult mice.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lazure, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blackburn, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karam, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahinyan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharanak, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corchado, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lepper, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Najafabadi, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perkins, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahani-Asl, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soleimani, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/691386</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Myf6/MRF4 is a Myogenic Niche Regulator Required for the Maintenance of the Muscle Stem Cell Pool]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/724393v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High Resolution Genome Wide Expression Analysis of Single Myofibers Using SMART-Seq 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/724393v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Skeletal muscle is a heterogeneous tissue. Individual myofibers that make up muscle tissue exhibit variation in their metabolic and contractile properties. Although there are biochemical and histological assays to study myofiber heterogeneity, efficient methods to analyze the whole transcriptome of individual myofibers are lacking. We have developed single myofiber RNA-Seq (smfRNA-Seq) to analyze the whole transcriptome of individual myofibers by combining single fiber isolation with Switching Mechanisms at 5 end of RNA Template (SMART) technology. Our method provides high-resolution genome wide expression profiles of single myofibers. Using smfRNA-Seq, we have analyzed the differences in the transcriptome of young and old myofibers to validate the effectiveness of this new method. Using smfRNA-Seq, we performed comparative gene expression analysis between single myofibers from young and old mice. Our data suggests that aging leads to significant changes in the expression of metabolic and structural genes in myofibers. Our data suggests that smfRNA-Seq is a powerful tool to study developmental, disease and age-related dynamics in the composition of skeletal muscle.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Blackburn, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lazure, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perkins, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soleimani, V. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/724393</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High Resolution Genome Wide Expression Analysis of Single Myofibers Using SMART-Seq]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/724781v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microbial genomes retrieved from High Arctic lake sediments provision their microbes with genes to strive in cold and oligotrophic environments 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/724781v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Arctic is currently warming at an unprecedented rate, which may affect environmental constraints on the freshwater microbial communities found there. Yet, our knowledge of the community structure and functional potential of High Arctic freshwater microbes remains poor, even though they play key roles in nutrient cycling and other ecosystem services. Here, using high-throughput metagenomic sequencing and genome assembly, we show that sediment microbial communities in the High Arctics largest lake by volume, Lake Hazen, are phylogenetically diverse, ranging from Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Planctomycetes, to members of the newly discovered Candidate Phyla Radiation (CPR) groups. These genomes displayed a high prevalence of pathways involved in lipid chemistry, and a low prevalence of nutrient uptake pathways, which might represent adaptations to the specific, cold (~3.5{degrees}C) and extremely oligotrophic conditions in Lake Hazen. Despite these potential adaptations, it is unclear how ongoing environmental changes will affect microbial communities, the makeup of their genomic idiosyncrasies, as well as the possible implications at higher trophic levels.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ruuskanen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colby, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>St. Pierre, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>St. Louis, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aris-Brosou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poulain, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/724781</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microbial genomes retrieved from High Arctic lake sediments provision their microbes with genes to strive in cold and oligotrophic environments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/757435v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Secretome of Liver X Receptor Agonist Treated Early Outgrowth Cells Decreases Atherosclerosis in Ldlr-/- Mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/757435v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveEndothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) promote the maintenance of the endothelium by the secretion of vasoreparative factors. A population of EPCs known as early outgrowth cells (EOCs) are currently being investigated as novel cell-based therapies for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. We previously demonstrated that the absence of liver x receptors (LXRs) is detrimental to the formation and function of EOCs under hypercholesterolemic conditions. Here, we investigate whether LXR gain-of-function in EOCs is beneficial for the treatment of atherosclerosis.nnApproach and ResultsEOCs were differentiated from the bone marrow of wildtype (WT) and LXR-knockout (Lxr{beta}-/-) mice in the presence of vehicle or LXR agonist (GW3965). WT EOCs treated with GW3965 throughout differentiation showed reduced expression of endothelial lineage markers (Cd144, Vegfr2) compared to WT vehicle and Lxr{beta}-/- cells. GW3965-treated EOCs produced secreted factors that reduced monocyte adhesion to activated endothelial cells in culture. When injected into atherosclerosis-prone Ldlr-/- mice, GW3965-treated EOCs and concentrated conditioned media (CM) from GW3965-treated EOCs, reduced plaque burden within the aortic sinus. Furthermore, when CM from human EOCs (obtained from patients with established CAD) were treated with GW3965, monocyte to endothelial adhesion was decreased suggesting the translatability of the results.nnConclusionsEx vivo LXR agonist treatment of EOCs produces a secretome that decreases early atherosclerosis in Ldlr-/- mice. CM from human EOCs significantly inhibits monocyte to endothelial adhesion. Thus, active factor(s) within the GW3965-treated EOC secretome have the potential to be useful for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rasheed, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shawky, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simard, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hibbert, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rayner, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cummins, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/757435</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Secretome of Liver X Receptor Agonist Treated Early Outgrowth Cells Decreases Atherosclerosis in Ldlr-/- Mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/780734v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Heterozygous ATP-binding Cassette Transporter G5 Gene Deficiency and Risk of Coronary Artery Disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/780734v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundFamilial sitosterolemia is a rare, recessive Mendelian disorder characterized by hyperabsorption and decreased biliary excretion of dietary sterols. Affected individuals typically have complete genetic deficiency - homozygous loss-of-function (LoF) variants -- in the ATP-binding cassette transporter G5 (ABCG5) or G8 (ABCG8) genes, and have substantially elevated plasma sitosterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. The impact of partial genetic deficiency of ABCG5 or ABCG8, as occurs in heterozygous carriers of LoF variants, on LDL-C and risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) has remained uncertain.nnMethodsWe first recruited nine sitosterolemia families, identified causative LoF variants in ABCG5 or ABCG8, and evaluated the associations of these ABCG5 or ABCG8 LoF variants with plasma phytosterols and lipid levels. We next assessed for LoF variants in ABCG5 or ABCG8 in CAD cases (n=29,361) versus controls (n=357,326). We tested the association of rare LoF variants in ABCG5 or ABCG8 with blood lipids and risk for CAD. Rare LoF variants were defined as protein-truncating variants with minor allele frequency less than 0.1% in ABCG5 or ABCG8.nnResultsIn sitosterolemia families, seven pedigrees harbored causative LoF variants in ABCG5 and two pedigrees in ABCG8. Homozygous LoF variants in either ABCG5 or ABCG8 led to marked elevations in sitosterol and LDL-C. Of those sitosterolemia families, heterozygous carriers of ABCG5 LoF variants exhibited increased sitosterol and LDL-C levels compared to non-carriers. Within the large-scale CAD case-control cohorts, prevalence of rare LoF variants in ABCG5 and in ABCG8 were approximately 0.1% each. ABCG5 heterozygous LoF variant carriers had significantly elevated LDL-C levels (24.7 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval [CI] 14 to 35; P=1.1x10-6), and were at two-fold increased risk of CAD (odds ratio 2.06, 95% CI 1.27 to 3.35; P=0.004). By contrast, ABCG8 heterozygous LoF carrier status was not associated with increased LDL-C or risk of CAD.nnConclusionsAlthough familial sitosterolemia is traditionally considered as a recessive disorder, we observed that heterozygous carriers of a LoF variant in ABCG5 had significantly increased sitosterol and LDL-C levels and a two-fold increase in risk of CAD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nomura, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emdin, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Won, H.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peloso, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Natarajan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ardissino, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danesh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schunkert, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Correa, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bown, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samani, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erdmann, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McPherson, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watkins, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saleheen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elosua, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kawashiri, M.-a.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tada, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rader, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabriel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khera, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kathiresan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/780734</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Heterozygous ATP-binding Cassette Transporter G5 Gene Deficiency and Risk of Coronary Artery Disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/786913v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deposition of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) into Northern Ontario Lake Sediments 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/786913v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are priority pollutants that are produced through incomplete combustion of modern biomass and fossil fuels. In aquatic systems PAHs are absorbed by suspended matter and ultimately deposited into sediments. PAH fluxes to sediments have been declining in North American since the mid 1960s. Improving technology and regulations were expected to contribute to declining PAH concentrations; however, in some urban sediment there are recent increases in deposition. Trends in concentrations of pyrogenic PAHs and perylene were determined in the sediment of two lakes, in central Ontario. Intact piston cores that preserve the depositional history were collected from each site, sliced into 1 cm intervals and analyzed using gas-chromatography/ mass-spectrometry. Pyrogenic PAH trends at each site displayed unique characteristics suggesting differing extents of influence from various atmospheric sources. The upper core profile (above 8.5 cm) in the more remote site had decreasing PAH concentrations consistent with observations from Siskitwit Lake. The more urban site (above 3.5 cm) had increasing PAH concentrations suggesting modern anthropogenic activities have a larger influence in this region. Perylene fluxes at both sites do not correlate with the observed PAH fluxes, increasing in concentration with depth, thus indicating separate sources for this PAH, likely diagenesis within the sediments. Both sites had PAH concentrations exceeding the interim sediment quality guidelines in the uppermost sediment deposits. This study provides insights into the differential atmospheric deposition in Ontario and may aid in establishing strategies for reducing or mitigating the production of PAHs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Colby, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/786913</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deposition of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) into Northern Ontario Lake Sediments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/798819v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intrinsic Architecture of Global Signal Topography and Its Modulation by Tasks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/798819v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent resting-state fMRI studies have revealed that the global signal (GS) exhibits a non-uniform spatial distribution across the gray matter. Whether this topography is informative remains largely unknown. We therefore tested rest-task modulation of global signal topography by analyzing static global signal correlation and dynamic co-activation patterns in a large sample of fMRI dataset (n=837) from the Human Connectome Project. The GS topography in the resting-state and in seven different tasks was first measured by correlating the global signal with the local timeseries (GSCORR). In the resting state, high GSCORR was observed mainly in the primary sensory and motor regions, while low GSCORR was seen in the association brain areas. This pattern changed during the seven tasks, with mainly decreased GSCORR in sensorimotor cortex. Importantly, this rest-task modulation of GSCORR could be traced to transient co-activation patterns at the peak period of global signal (GS-peak). By comparing the topography of GSCORR and respiration effects, we observed that the topography of respiration mimicked the topography of global signal in the resting-state whereas both differed during the task states; due to such partial dissociation, we assume that GSCORR could not be equated with a respiration effect. Finally, rest-task modulation of GS topography could not be exclusively explained by other sources of physiological noise. Together, we here demonstrate the informative nature of global signal topography by showing its rest-task modulation, the underlying dynamic co-activation patterns, and its partial dissociation from respiration effects during task states.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tumati, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Northoff, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/798819</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intrinsic Architecture of Global Signal Topography and Its Modulation by Tasks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/799619v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fatty acid oxidation impairs macrophage effector functions that control Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/799619v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Macrophage activation involves metabolic reprogramming to support antimicrobial cellular functions. How these metabolic shifts influence the outcome of infection by intracellular pathogens remains incompletely understood. M. tuberculosis (Mtb) modulates host metabolic pathways and utilizes host nutrients, including cholesterol and fatty acids, to survive within macrophages. We found that intracellular growth of Mtb depends on host fatty acid catabolism: when host fatty acid {beta}-oxidation (FAO) was blocked chemically with trimetazidine, a compound in clinical use, or genetically by deletion of the mitochondrial fatty acid transporter carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2), Mtb failed to grow in macrophages and its growth was attenuated in mice. Global metabolic profiling and mechanistic studies support a model in which inhibition of FAO generates mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, which enhance macrophage NADPH oxidase and xenophagy activity to better control Mtb infection. Thus, FAO inhibition promotes key antimicrobial functions of macrophages and overcomes immune evasion mechanisms of Mtb.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chandra, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimmerman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koster, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouimet, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dartois, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schilling, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Philips, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/799619</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fatty acid oxidation impairs macrophage effector functions that control Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/868125v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Climate change and local host availability drive the northern range boundary in the rapid northward expansion of the eastern giant swallowtail butterfly 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/868125v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AimsSpecies distributions result from both biotic and abiotic interactions across large spatial scales. The interplay of these interactions as climate changes quickly has been understudied, particularly in herbivorous insects. Here, we investigate the relative impacts these influences on the putative northern range expansion of the giant swallowtail butterfly in North America.

LocationNorth America.

Time period1959-2018.

Major taxa studiedEastern Giant swallowtail, Papilio cresphontes (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae); common hop tree, Ptelea trifoliata; common prickly ash, Zanthoxylum americanum; southern prickly ash, Zanthoxylum clava-herculis (Saphidales: Rutaceae).

MethodsWe used data from museum collections and citizen science repositories to generate species distribution models. Distribution models were built for each species over two time periods (T1 = 1959-1999; T2 = 2000-2018).

ResultsModels for P. cresphontes and associated host plants had high predictive accuracy on spatially-explicit test data (AUC 0.810-0.996). Occurrence data align with model outputs, providing strong evidence for a northward range expansion in the last 19 years (T2) by P. cresphontes. Host plants have shifted in more complex ways, and result in a change in suitable habitat for P. cresphontes in its historic range. P. cresphontes has a northern range which now closely aligns with its most northern host plant - continued expansion northward is unlikely, and historic northern range limits were likely determined by abiotic, not biotic, factors.

Main conclusionsBiotic and abiotic factors have driven the rapid northern range expansion in the giant swallowtail butterfly across North America in the last 20 years. A number of bioclimatic variables are correlated with this expansion, notably an increase in mean annual temperature and minimum winter temperature. We predict a slowing of northward range expansion in the next 20-50 years as butterflies are now limited by the range of host plants, rather than abiotic factors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wilson, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casajus, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hutchinson, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McFarland, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerr, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berteaux, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larrivee, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prudic, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/868125</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Climate change and local host availability drive the northern range boundary in the rapid northward expansion of the eastern giant swallowtail butterfly]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.15.553445v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The evolution of sexual dimorphism in gene expression in response to a manipulation of mate competition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.15.553445v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many genes are differentially expressed between males and females and patterns of sex-biased gene expression (SBGE) vary among species. Some of this variation is thought to have evolved in response to differences in mate competition among species that causes varying patterns of sex-specific selection. We used experimental evolution to test this by quantifying SBGE and sex-specific splicing in 15 Drosophila melanogaster populations that evolved for 104 generations in mating treatments that removed mate competition via enforced monogamy, or allowed mate competition in either small, simple or larger, structurally more complex mating environments. Consistent with sex-specific selection affecting SBGE, initially sex-biased genes diverged in expression more among treatments than unbiased genes, and there was greater expression divergence for male-than female-biased genes. It has been suggested the transcriptome should be  feminized under monogamy because of the removal of sexual selection on males; we did not observe this, likely because selection differs in additional ways between monogamy vs. polygamy. Significant divergence in average expression dimorphism between treatments was observed and, in some treatment comparisons, the direction of the divergence differed across different sex-bias categories. There was not a generalized reduction in expression dimorphism under enforced monogamy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mishra, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rundle, H. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agrawal, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.15.553445</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The evolution of sexual dimorphism in gene expression in response to a manipulation of mate competition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.27.555012v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The glucocorticoid receptor is a critical regulator of muscle satellite cell quiescence. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.27.555012v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glucocorticoids are powerful anti-inflammatory medications that are associated with muscle atrophy. The effect of glucocorticoids in myofibers is well-studied, yet the role of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), the primary mediator of glucocorticoid transcriptional responses, and the impact of glucocorticoid signalling in muscle stem cells (MuSCs), the adult progenitors responsible for regeneration, remain unknown. We developed a conditional null mouse model to knock out glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression in MuSCs (GRMuSC-/-) and established that while GR is dispensable for muscle regeneration, it is a critical regulator of MuSC homeostasis. Loss of GR significantly increased cycling MuSCs as compared to controls in injury-naive mice and on single EDL myofiber cultures, and as such, loss of GR in MuSCs leads to precocious activation and subsequent proliferation as compared to controls. Bulk RNA-sequencing from in situ fixed MuSCs from injury-naive GRMuSC-/- muscle identified a gene signature consistent with cells that have exited quiescence and undergone activation, with evidence of sexual dimorphism. Using ATAC-seq and footprinting we identify putative GR targets that promote quiescence. Thus, we advance the GR as a previously unrecognized crucial transcriptional regulator of gene expression in MuSCs whose activity is highest in quiescent cells and is essential to maintain that state.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rajgara, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>AlSudais, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saleh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barrakad, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blais, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiper-Bergeron, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.27.555012</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The glucocorticoid receptor is a critical regulator of muscle satellite cell quiescence.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.28.555062v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Discovery of 2-amide-3-methylester thiophenes inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 ADP-ribosyl hydrolysing macrodomain and coronavirus replication 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.28.555062v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has made it clear that further development of antiviral therapies will be needed to combat additional SARS-CoV-2 variants or novel CoVs. Here, we describe small molecule inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 Mac1, which counters ADP-ribosylation mediated innate immune responses. The compounds inhibiting Mac1 were discovered through high-throughput screening (HTS) using a protein FRET-based competition assay and the best hit compound had an IC50 of 14 {micro}M. Three validated HTS hits have the same 2-amide-3-methylester thiophene scaffold and the scaffold was selected for structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies through commercial and synthesized analogs. We studied the compound binding mode in detail using X-ray crystallography and this allowed us to focus on specific features of the compound and design analogs. Compound 27 (MDOLL-0229) had an IC50 of 2.1 {micro}M and was generally selective for CoV Mac1 proteins after profiling for activity against a panel of viral and human ADP-ribose binding proteins. The improved potency allowed testing of its effect on virus replication and indeed, 27 inhibited replication of both MHVa prototype CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, sequencing of a drug-resistant MHV identified mutations in Mac1, further demonstrating the specificity of 27. Compound 27 is the first Mac1 targeted small molecule demonstrated to inhibit coronavirus replication in a cell model. This, together with its well-defined binding mode, makes 27 a good candidate for further hit/lead-optimization efforts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wazir, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parviainen, T. A. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maksimainen, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duong, M. T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pfannenstiel, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cluff, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sowa, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galera-Prat, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferraris, D. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fehr, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heiskanen, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lehtiö, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.28.555062</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Discovery of 2-amide-3-methylester thiophenes inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 ADP-ribosyl hydrolysing macrodomain and coronavirus replication]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.29.555280v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Treatment with a selective histone deacetylase (HDAC) 1 and 2 inhibitor in aged mice rejuvenates multiple organ systems 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.29.555280v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The process of aging increases the risk of developing age-related diseases, which come at great societal healthcare costs and suffering to individuals. Meanwhile, targeting the basic mechanisms of aging can reduce the risk of developing age-related diseases during aging, essentially resulting in a  healthy aging process. Multiple aging pathways exist, which over past decades have systematically been confirmed through gene knockout or overexpression studies in mammals and the ability to increase healthy lifespan. In this work, we perform transcriptome-based drug screening to identify small molecules that mimic the transcriptional profiles of long-lived genetic interventions in mammals. We identify one small molecule whose transcriptional effects mimic diverse known genetic longevity interventions: compound 60 (Cmpd60), which is a selective inhibitor of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and 2 (HDAC2). In line with this, in a battery of molecular, phenotypic, and bioinformatic analyses, in multiple disease cell and animal models, we find that Cmpd60 treatment rejuvenates multiple organ systems. These included the kidney, brain, and heart. In renal aging, Cmpd60 reduced partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro and decreased fibrosis in vivo. For the aging brain, Cmpd60 reduced dementia-related gene expression in vivo, effects that were recapitulated when treating the APPSWE-1349 Alzheimer mouse. In cardiac aging, Cmpd60 treatment activated favorable developmental gene expression in vivo and in line with this, improved ventricular cardiomyocyte contraction and relaxation in a cell model of cardiac hypertrophy. Our work establishes that a systemic, two-week treatment with an HDAC1/2 inhibitor serves as a multi-tissue, healthy aging intervention in mammals. This holds potential for translation towards therapeutics that promote healthy aging in humans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tammaro, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniels, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>t Hart, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reid, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juni, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Butter, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasam, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamble, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jongejan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aviv, R. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roelofs, J. J. T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aronica, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boon, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menzies, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Houtkooper, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janssens, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.29.555280</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Treatment with a selective histone deacetylase (HDAC) 1 and 2 inhibitor in aged mice rejuvenates multiple organ systems]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.06.555321v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Emergence of disease specific endothelial and stromal cell populations involved in arterial remodeling during development of pulmonary arterial hypertension 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.06.555321v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AbstractPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe and lethal pulmonary vascular disease characterized by arteriolar pruning and occlusive vascular remodeling leading to increased pulmonary vascular resistance and eventually right heart failure. While endothelial cell (EC) injury and apoptosis are known triggers for this disease, the mechanisms by which they lead to complex arterial remodeling remain obscure. We employed multiplexed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) at multiple timepoints during the onset and progression of disease in a model of severe PAH to identify mechanisms involved in the development of occlusive arterial lesions. There was significant loss of arterial volume as early as 1-week by microCT, preceding any evidence of occlusive arteriopathy, consistent with early arteriolar dropout. Maximal arterial pruning was seen by 5 to 8 weeks, with signs of progressive occlusive remodeling. Analysis of the scRNA-seq data resolved 44 lung cell populations, with widespread early transcriptomic changes at 1 week affecting endothelial, stromal and immune cell populations. Notably, this included emergence of a relatively dedifferentiated (dD) EC population that was enriched for Cd74 expression compared to general capillary (gCap) ECs which were primed to undergo endothelial-mesenchymal transition, as evidenced by RNA velocity analysis. However, at late timepoints (5 and 8 weeks), activated arterial ECs (aAECs) were the only cell population exhibiting persistent differential gene expression. This was characterized by a growth regulated state, including high expression of Tm4sf1, a gene implicated in cancer cell growth, which was also expressed by a smooth muscle (SM)-like pericyte cluster. Both these populations were localized to regions of arterial remodeling in the rat model and PAH patients, with aAECs contributing to intimal occlusive lesions and SM-like pericytes forming bands of medial muscularization. Together these findings implicate disease-specific vascular cells in PAH progression and suggest that TM4SF1 may be a novel therapeutic target for arterial remodeling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cober, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCourt, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soares Godoy, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlosser, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Situ, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cook, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemay, S.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klouda, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonnet, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.06.555321</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Emergence of disease specific endothelial and stromal cell populations involved in arterial remodeling during development of pulmonary arterial hypertension]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.06.556570v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The genome and population genomics of allopolyploid Coffea arabica reveal the diversification history of modern coffee cultivars 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.06.556570v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Coffea arabica, an allotetraploid hybrid of C. eugenioides and C. canephora, is the source of approximately 60% of coffee products worldwide, and its cultivated accessions have undergone several population bottlenecks. We present chromosome-level assemblies of a di-haploid C. arabica accession and modern representatives of its diploid progenitors, C. eugenioides and C. canephora. The three species exhibit largely conserved genome structures between diploid parents and descendant subgenomes, with no obvious global subgenome dominance. We find evidence for a founding polyploidy event 350,000-610,000 years ago, followed by several pre-domestication bottlenecks, resulting in narrow genetic variation. A split between wild accessions and cultivar progenitors occurred [~]30.5 kya, followed by a period of migration between the two populations. Analysis of modern varieties, including lines historically introgressed with C. canephora, highlights their breeding histories and loci that may contribute to pathogen resistance, laying the groundwork for future genomics-based breeding of C. arabica.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Salojarvi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rambani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guyot, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strickler, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lepelley, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajaraman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rastas, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munoz, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meidanis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paschoal, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bawin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krabbenhoft, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fleck, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aussel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bellanger, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charpagne, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fournier, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kassam, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lefebvre, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metairon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moine, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rigoreau, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stolte, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamon, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Couturon, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tranchant-Dubreuil, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukherjee, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engelhardt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stadler, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeLemos, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suzuki, S. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sumirat, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>ChingMan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dauchot, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orozco-Arias, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garavito, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiwuka, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Musoli, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nalukenge, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.06.556570</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The genome and population genomics of allopolyploid Coffea arabica reveal the diversification history of modern coffee cultivars]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.09.556974v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NAD+ depletion and altered mitochondrial function are key to the establishment of placental dysfunction in an inflammatory-driven subclass of preeclampsia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.09.556974v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy associated hypertensive disease. It is one of the major causes of pregnancy-related maternal/perinatal adverse health outcomes, with a lack of highly effective preventative strategies and/or therapeutic interventions. Our group has previously identified distinct subclasses of pathophysiology underlying a PE diagnosis, one of which exhibits heightened immune activation at the gestational parent-fetal interface, identified as inflammatory-driven PE. In non-pregnant populations, chronic inflammation is associated with reduced cellular availability of NAD+, a vitamin B3-derived metabolite involved in energy metabolism and mitochondrial function. Interestingly, specifically in placentas from women with inflammatory-driven PE, we observed increased activity of NAD+-consuming PARP enzymes and reduced NAD+ content. Moreover, these placentas had decreased expression of several mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) proteins and evidence of oxidative damage. This human data was supported by cell culture findings, which likewise demonstrated increased PARP activity, coupled to decreased mitochondrial respiration rates and decreased invasive function of cultured HTR8 human trophoblast cells, following inflammatory induction by TNF-. Importantly, these adverse inflammatory effects were attenuated by boosting cellular NAD+ levels with nicotinamide riboside (NR). Finally, using an LPS-induced rodent model of inflammatory-driven PE, we demonstrated that NR administration (200mg/kg/day) from gestational day (GD) 1-19 could prevent the development of maternal hypertension and fetal/placental growth restriction, improve placental mitochondrial function, reduce placental inflammation and oxidative stress. Thus, this study demonstrates the critical role of NAD+ metabolism in maintaining healthy placental function and identifies NAD+ boosting as a promising preventative strategy for the inflammatory-driven subclass of PE.

One sentence summaryBoosting NAD+ levels prevent inflammatory-driven preeclampsia by improving placental mitochondrial function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bainbridge, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menzies, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahan, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cariaco, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akhtar, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Green, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.09.556974</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NAD+ depletion and altered mitochondrial function are key to the establishment of placental dysfunction in an inflammatory-driven subclass of preeclampsia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.14.557733v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fusarium graminearum Ste2 and Ste3 Receptors Undergo Peroxidase Induced Heterodimerization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.14.557733v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
F. graminearum FgSte2 and FgSte3 are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) recently shown to play roles in mediating fungal hyphal chemotropism and plant pathogenesis in response to activity arising from host-released peroxidases. Here, we follow up on the previous observation that chemotropism is dependent on both FgSte2 and FgSte3 being present at the same time; testing the possibility that this effect might be due to formation of an FgSte2-FgSte3 heterodimer. Initially the recombinant cell-surface expression of the F. graminearum GPCRs was validated in S. cerevisiae by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer analyses were subsequently conducted, where the addition of horse radish peroxidase (HRP) was found to increase the transfer of energy from the inducibly-expressed FgSte3-Nano luciferase (FgSte3-NLuc) donor, to the constitutively-expressed FgSte2-yellow fluorescent protein (FgSte2-YFP) acceptor, compared to controls. A partial response was also detected when an HRP-derived ligand-containing extract was enriched from F. graminearum spores and applied to the S. cerevisiae BRET system directly. The selectivity of the interaction was demonstrated by comparison to treatment with pheromones as well as an unrelated bovine GPCR, rhodopsin, fused to YFP as acceptor, that yielded no response when co-expressed with FgSte3-NLuc. Finally, the peroxidase-stimulated heterodimerization was validated by affinity pulldown. Taken together these findings demonstrate the formation of HRP and HRP-derived ligand stimulated heterodimers between FgSte2 and FgSte3. Outcomes are discussed from the context of the roles of ligands and reactive oxygen species in GPCR dimerization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sharma, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jomphe, R. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magalhaes, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loewen, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.14.557733</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fusarium graminearum Ste2 and Ste3 Receptors Undergo Peroxidase Induced Heterodimerization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.12.557199v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bumblebee occupancy responds to complex interactions between local and landscape land use, climatic niche properties and climate change 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.12.557199v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Insect biodiversity is changing rapidly, driven by a complex suite of pressures, foremost among which are human land use, land-use intensification, and increasingly climate change. Bumblebees deliver important pollination services to wild plants and human crops, but we lack large-scale empirical evidence on how land use and climate change interact to drive bumblebee biodiversity changes. We assess bumblebee occupancy responses to interactive effects of land use and climate pressures across North America and Western Europe. Occupancy increases with landscape natural habitat and decreases with the duration of human use of landscapes. Responses to historical climate warming are negative in natural habitats but positive in human land uses, while human land use reduces occupancy most in the centre of species temperature niches. We estimate that the combined pressures have reduced bumblebee occupancy by 61% across sampled natural habitats, and 65% across human land uses, suggesting that treating present-day natural habitats as an undisturbed reference is misleading. Our results can inform efforts to conserve bumblebee biodiversity in the face of ongoing land-use changes and accelerating climatic changes.

One-sentence summaryLand use and climate change interact to drive large declines in bumblebee occupancy in both natural and human-modified habitats
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Newbold, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerr, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soroye, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.12.557199</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bumblebee occupancy responds to complex interactions between local and landscape land use, climatic niche properties and climate change]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.18.558287v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Biomedical researchers perspectives on the reproducibility of research: a cross-sectional international survey 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.18.558287v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We conducted an international cross-sectional survey of biomedical researchers perspectives on the reproducibility of research. This study builds on a widely cited 2016 survey on reproducibility, and provides a biomedical-specific and contemporary perspective on reproducibility. To sample the community, we randomly selected 400 journals indexed in MEDLINE, from which we extracted the author names and e-mails from all articles published between October 1, 2020 and October 1, 2021. We invited participants to complete an anonymous online survey which collected basic demographic information, perceptions about a reproducibility crisis, perceived causes of irreproducibility of research results, experience conducting replication studies, and knowledge of funding and training for research on reproducibility. A total of 1924 participants accessed our survey, of which 1630 provided useable responses (response rate 7% of 23,234). Key findings include that 72% of participants agreed there was a reproducibility crisis in biomedicine, with 27% of participants indicating the crisis was  significant. The leading perceived cause of irreproducibility was a  pressure to publish with 62% of participants indicating it  always or  very often contributes. About half of the participants (54%) had run a replication of their own previously published study while slightly more (57%) had run a replication of another researchers study. Just 16% of participants indicated their institution had established procedures to enhance the reproducibility of biomedical research; and 67% felt their institution valued new research over replication studies. Participants also reported few opportunities to obtain funding to attempt to reproduce a study and 83% perceived it would be harder to do so than to get funding to do a novel study. Our results may be used to guide training and interventions to improve research reproducibility and to monitor rates of reproducibility over time. The findings are also relevant to policy makers and academic leadership looking to create incentives and research cultures that support reproducibility and value research quality.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cobey, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ebrahimzadeh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Page, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thibault, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abu-Dalfa, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moher, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.18.558287</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Biomedical researchers perspectives on the reproducibility of research: a cross-sectional international survey]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.19.558526v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Serotonin predictively encodes value 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.19.558526v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The in vivo responses of dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) serotonin neurons to emotionally-salient stimuli are a puzzle. Existing theories centred on reward, surprise, or uncertainty individually account for some aspects of serotonergic activity but not others. Here we find a unifying perspective in a biologically-constrained predictive code for cumulative future reward, a quantity called state value in reinforcement learning. Through simulations of trace conditioning experiments common in the serotonin literature, we show that our theory, called value prediction, intuitively explains phasic activation by both rewards and punishments, preference for surprising rewards but absence of a corresponding preference for punishments, and contextual modulation of tonic firing--observations that currently form the basis of many and varied serotonergic theories. Next, we re-analyzed data from a recent experiment and found serotonin neurons with activity patterns that are a surprisingly close match: our theory predicts the marginal effect of reward history on population activity with a precision <<0.1 Hz neuron-1. Finally, we directly compared against quantitative formulations of existing ideas and found that our theory best explains both within-trial activity dynamics and trial-to-trial modulations, offering performance usually several times better than the closest alternative. Overall, our results show that previous models are not wrong, but incomplete, and that reward, surprise, salience, and uncertainty are simply different faces of a predictively-encoded value signal. By unifying previous theories, our work represents an important step towards understanding the potentially heterogeneous computational roles of serotonin in learning, behaviour, and beyond.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Harkin, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grossman, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beïque, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naud, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.19.558526</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Serotonin predictively encodes value]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.20.557725v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Differential and lasting gene expression changes in circulating CD8 T cells in chronic HCV infection with cirrhosis and related insights on the role of Hedgehog signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.20.557725v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The impact of chronic hepatic infection on antigen non-specific immune cells in circulation is not well understood and may influence long term health. We reported lasting global hyperfunction of circulating CD8 T cells in HCV-infected individuals with cirrhosis. Whether gene expression patterns in bulk CD8 T cells are associated with the severity of liver fibrosis in HCV infection is not known. RNA sequencing of blood CD8 T cells from treatment-naive, HCV-infected individuals with minimal (Metavir F0-1 [&le;] 7.0 kPa) or advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis (F4 [&ge;] 12.5 kPa), before and after direct-acting antiviral therapy, was performed. Principal component analyses determined robust differences in over 350 genes expressed by CD8 T cells from HCV-infected individuals with minimal or advanced fibrosis and data suggests this remains relatively stable after viral clearance. Gene ontology analyses identified disaggregated gene expression related to cellular metabolism, including upregulated phospholipase, phosphatidyl-choline/inositol activity and second-messenger-mediated signaling, while genes in pathways associated with nuclear processes, RNA transport and cytoskeletal dynamics were reduced. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis identified decreased expression of genes regulated by the cMyc and E2f transcription factors in cirrhotics, compared to the minimal fibrosis group, as well as reduced expression of genes linked to oxidative phosphorylation, mTOR signaling, and more. Upregulated gene sets in cirrhotics included IFN-, -{gamma}, TGF-{beta} response genes, apoptosis and apical surface pathways, among others. The hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway was the top featured gene set upregulated in cirrhotics. Inhibition of Hh signaling with cyclopamine ablated CD8 T cell IFN-{gamma} production, suggesting its involvement in hyperfunction. This is the first analysis of bulk CD8 T cell gene expression profiles in HCV infection in the context of liver fibrosis severity, and suggests cirrhosis significantly reprograms the CD8 T cell pool. The novel finding of increased Hh signaling in cirrhosis may contribute to generalized CD8 T cell hyperfunction observed in chronic HCV infection. Understanding the lasting nature of immune cell dysfunction may help mitigate remaining clinical challenges after HCV clearance and more generally, improve long term outcomes for individuals with severe liver disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vranjkovic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Read, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delaney, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stanford, W. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crawley, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.20.557725</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Differential and lasting gene expression changes in circulating CD8 T cells in chronic HCV infection with cirrhosis and related insights on the role of Hedgehog signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.20.558442v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mapping relationships between glutathione and SLC25 transporters in cancers using hybrid machine learning models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.20.558442v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundAlterations of metabolism, including changes in mitochondrial and glutathione (GSH) metabolism, are a well appreciated hallmark of many cancers. Mitochondrial GSH (mGSH) transport is a poorly characterized aspect of GSH metabolism, which we investigate in the context of cancer. Existing functional annotation approaches from machine (ML) or deep learning (DL) models based only on protein sequences are unable to annotate functions in biological contexts, meaning new approaches must be developed for this task.

ResultsWe develop a flexible ML framework for functional annotation from diverse feature data. This hybrid approach leverages cancer cell line multi-omics data and other biological knowledge data as features, to uncover potential genes involved in mGSH metabolism and membrane transport in cancers. This framework achieves an average AUROC across functional annotation tasks of 0.900 and can be effectively applied to annotate a range of biological functions. For our application, classification models predict the known mGSH transporter SLC25A39 but not SLC25A40 as being highly probably related to GSH metabolism in cancers. SLC25A24 and the orphan SLC25A43 are also predicted to be associated with mGSH metabolism by this approach and structural analysis of these proteins reveal similarities in potential substrate binding regions to the binding residues of SLC25A39.

ConclusionThese findings have implications for a better understanding of cancer cell metabolism and novel therapeutic targets with respect to GSH metabolism through potential novel functional annotations of genes. The hybrid ML framework proposed here can be applied to other biological function classifications or multi-omics datasets to generate hypotheses in various biological contexts. Code and a tutorial for generating models and predictions in this framework are available at: https://github.com/lkenn012/mGSH_cancerClassifiers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kennedy, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandhu, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harper, M.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cuperlovic-Culf, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.20.558442</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mapping relationships between glutathione and SLC25 transporters in cancers using hybrid machine learning models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.20.557752v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CD8 T cell hyperfunction and reduced tumour control in models of advanced liver fibrosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.20.557752v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Immune dysfunction, both depression and hyperactivation, in liver disease contributes to significant morbidities and mortalities, depending on liver damage severity and etiology. The underlying causes of immune dysfunction in advanced liver disease, whether pathogen or host-mediated, remain unclear. We reported lasting generalized CD8+ T cell hyperfunction in individuals with advanced liver fibrosis in chronic HCV infection. The separation of viral and fibrosis-driven effects or the association of this phenomenon with clinical outcomes of advanced liver fibrosis remains to be determined. Here, a hepatotoxic murine model of liver fibrosis was used to decouple liver fibrosis from viral infection. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-treated mice presented progressive liver fibrosis within {approx}12 weeks, resulting in severe diffuse fibrosis, focal necrosis and surrounding mixed inflammation; pathology similar to that of chronic HCV infection. Taking advantage of this model, we investigated if liver fibrosis caused systemic CD8+ T cell hyperfunction and evaluated its impact on host immune response. At peak liver fibrosis, circulating CD8+ T cells presented increased expression of IFN-{gamma} and granzyme B (GrzB) in comparison to control animals. CD8+ T cell hyperfunction arose by 8 weeks of CCl4 treatment and was sustained with continued liver insult. As a result, fibrotic mice were unable to resist an ectopic tumour challenge and were less responsive to immunotherapy. Furthermore, CD8+ T cell dysfunction was observed in other contexts of chronic liver insult such as high fat diet-induced liver steatosis, even in the absence of significant fibrosis. Collectively, this study shows the impact of chronic liver insult on systemic CD8+ T cell function and its association with impaired immune response, such as tumour surveillance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Madani, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vranjkovic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jorritsma, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasim, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daneshmand, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheung, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ching, A. M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruin, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ardolino, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crawley, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.20.557752</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CD8 T cell hyperfunction and reduced tumour control in models of advanced liver fibrosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.25.559338v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Autophagy-dependent alternative splicing event produces a more stable ribosomal protein S24 isoform that aids in hypoxic cell survival 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.25.559338v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Overlapping or convergent stress-activated molecular pathways exist to coordinate cell fate in response to stimuli such as hypoxia, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and unfolded proteins. Cells can remodel the splicing and translation machineries to mount a specialized gene expression response to certain stresses. Here, we show that hypoxic human cells in 2D and 3D culture models increase the relative abundance by 1.7- to 2.6-fold and 4.7- to 11.5-fold, respectively, of a longer mRNA variant of ribosomal protein S24 (RPS24L) compared to a shorter mRNA variant (RPS24S) by favoring the inclusion of a 22 bp cassette exon. Mechanistically, RPS24L and RPS24S are induced and repressed, respectively, by distinct parallel pathways in hypoxia: RPS24L is induced in an autophagy-dependent manner, while RPS24S is reduced by mTORC1 repression and in a HIF-dependent manner. RPS24L is a more stable mRNA in hypoxia and produces a more stable protein isoform compared to RPS24S. Cells overexpressing RPS24L display improved survival and growth in hypoxia relative to control cells and cells overexpressing RPS24S, which display impaired survival. Previous work from our group showed a correlation between RPS24L levels and tumor hypoxia in prostate cancer. These data highlight RPS24L as a stress-induced alternative splicing event that favors hypoxic cell survival, which could be exploited by cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kerry, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Specker, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mizzoni, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brumwell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fell, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodbrand, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosen, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uniacke, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.25.559338</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Autophagy-dependent alternative splicing event produces a more stable ribosomal protein S24 isoform that aids in hypoxic cell survival]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.28.559999v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integration of metabolic flux with hepatic glucagon signaling and gene expression profiles in the conscious dog 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.28.559999v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glucagon rapidly and profoundly simulates hepatic glucose production (HGP), but for reasons which are unclear, this effect normally wanes after a few hours, despite sustained plasma glucagon levels. This study characterized the time course and relevance (to metabolic flux) of glucagon-mediated molecular events in the livers of conscious dogs. Glucagon was either infused into the hepato-portal vein at a 6-fold basal rate in the presence of somatostatin and basal insulin, or it was maintained at a basal level in control studies. In one control group glucose remained at basal while in the other glucose was infused to match the hyperglycemia that occurred in the hyperglucagonemic group. Elevated glucagon caused a rapid (30 min) but only partially sustained increase in hepatic cAMP over 4h, a continued elevation in G6P, and activation and deactivation of glycogen phosphorylase and synthase activities, respectively. Net hepatic glycogenolysis and HGP increased rapidly, peaking at 30 min, then returned to baseline over the next three hours (although glucagons stimulatory effect on HGP was sustained relative to the hyperglycemic control group). Hepatic gluconeogenic flux did not increase due to lack of glucagon effect on substrate supply to the liver. Global gene expression profiling highlighted glucagon-regulated activation of genes involved in cellular respiration, metabolic processes, and signaling, and downregulation of genes involved in extracellular matrix assembly and development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Coate, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramnanan, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winnick, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kraft, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irimia, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farmer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donahue, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roach, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cherrington, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edgerton, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.28.559999</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integration of metabolic flux with hepatic glucagon signaling and gene expression profiles in the conscious dog]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.01.560360v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inferring plasticity rules from single-neuron spiketrains using deep learning methods 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.01.560360v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Synaptic plasticity is a core basis for learning and adaptation. Determining how synapses are altered by local signals - the learning rules - is the hinge about which brain activity pivots. A large number of in vitro characterizations have focused on restricted sets of core properties, but it remains to be established which if any of the known learning rules is most consistent with changes in activity patterns in behaving animals. To address this question, we hypothesize that the correlation between features of the activity of a single post-synaptic neuron and subsequent changes of the representations could be used to detect the underlying learning rule. Because this correlation is expected to be diluted in the notoriously large variability of brain activity, we test here learning rule inference based on passive observations of single neurons using deep artificial neural networks. Using simulated data, we found that both transformers, temporal convolutional networks, and SVM could classify learning rules far above the chance level, with transformers achieving the best overall accuracy. This performance can be achieved despite the presence of noise and representational drift. We further investigated the features used by the algorithms to perform the classification and found the deep net used inner temporal differences of distinct learning rules to separate learning trajectories. We also find, however, that the classification accuracy is sensitive to alterations in network properties. Our work illustrates that distinct learning rules generate distinguishable trajectories of responses, but warns against using simulation-trained classifiers to infer learning rules from real data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beique, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naud, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.01.560360</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inferring plasticity rules from single-neuron spiketrains using deep learning methods]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.05.559770v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A topographical atlas of alpha-Synuclein dosage and cell-type expression in the mouse brain and periphery 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.05.559770v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Parkinsons disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide and presents pathologically with Lewy pathology and dopaminergic neuron loss. Lewy pathology contains aggregated Synuclein (Syn), a protein encoded by the SNCA gene which is also mutated or duplicated in a subset of familial PD cases. Due to its predominant presynaptic localization, immunostaining for the protein results in diffuse signal, providing little insight into the types of cells expressing Syn. As a result, insight into Syn expression-driven cellular vulnerability has been difficult to ascertain. Using a combination of knock-in mice that target Syn to the nucleus of cells (SncaNLS) and in situ hybridization of Snca in wild-type mice, we systematically map the topography and cell types expressing Syn in the mouse brain, spinal cord, retina, and gut. We find a high degree of correlation between Syn protein and RNA levels across multiple brain regions and further identify cell types with low and high Syn. We found that Syn is highly expressed in neurons, particularly those involved in PD and to a lower extent in non-neuronal cell types, notably those of oligodendrocyte lineage. We also find that Syn is devoid in certain neuron types (e.g. ChAT-positive motor neurons), and that all enteric neurons express Syn to a certain degree. Taken together, this atlas provides much-needed insight into the cellular topography of Syn, and provides a quantitative map to test assumptions about the role of Syn in network vulnerability in PD and other Synucleinopathies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Geertsma, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisk, Z. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sauline, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prigent, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurgat, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Callaghan, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>aSCENT PD Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henderson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rousseaux, M. W. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.05.559770</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A topographical atlas of alpha-Synuclein dosage and cell-type expression in the mouse brain and periphery]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.08.560888v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiunit frontal eye field activity codes the visuomotor transformation, but not gaze prediction or target memory, in a delayed saccade task 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.08.560888v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-unit (SU) activity - action potentials isolated from one neuron -- has traditionally been employed to relate neuronal activity to behavior. However, recent investigations have shown that multi-unit (MU) activity - ensemble neural activity recorded within the vicinity of one microelectrode - may also contain accurate estimations of task-related neural population dynamics. Here, using a well-established model-fitting approach, we compared the spatial codes of SU response fields with corresponding MU response fields recorded from the frontal eye fields (FEF) in head-unrestrained monkeys (Macaca mulatta) during a memory-guided saccade task. We focused on characterizing the visuomotor transformation from Target-in-Eye coordinates to future Gaze-in-Eye coordinates (Sajad et al., 2015). Most SU visual response fields coded targets (with some predicting Gaze), whereas the MU population only coded targets. Most SU motor responses coded Gaze, but many still retained a target code. In contrast, MU motor activity predominantly coded Gaze with very little target coding. Finally, both SU and MU populations showed a progressive transition through intermediate  Target-to-Gaze codes during the delay period, but the MU activity showed a  smoother transition. These results confirm the theoretical and practical potential of MU activity recordings as a biomarker for fundamental sensorimotor transformations (e.g., Target-to-Gaze coding in the oculomotor system), while also highlighting the importance of SU activity for coding more cognitive (e.g., predictive / memory) aspects of sensorimotor behavior.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMulti-unit recordings (undifferentiated signals from several neurons) are relatively easy to record and provide a simplified estimate of neural dynamics, but it is not clear which single-unit signals are retained, amplified, or lost. Here, we compared single-/multi-unit activity from a well-defined structure (the frontal eye fields) and behavior (memory-delay saccade task), tracking their spatial codes through time. The progressive transformation from target to gaze coding observed in single-unit activity was retained in multi-unit activity, but gaze prediction (in the visual response) and target memory (in the motor response) were lost. This suggests that multi-unit activity provides an excellent biomarker for healthy sensorimotor transformations, at the cost of missing more subtle cognitive signals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Seo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bharmauria, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schuetz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crawford, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.08.560888</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiunit frontal eye field activity codes the visuomotor transformation, but not gaze prediction or target memory, in a delayed saccade task]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.09.561503v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ABTrans: A Transformer-based model for predicting interaction between anti-Abeta antibodies and peptides 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.09.561503v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding the recognition of antibodies and A{beta} peptide is crucial for the development of more effective therapeutic agents. Here we studied the interaction between anti-A{beta} antibodies and different peptides by building a deep learning model, using the dodecapeptide sequences elucidated from phage display and known anti-A{beta} antibody sequences collected from public sources. Our multi-classification model, ABTrans was trained to determine the four levels of binding ability between anti-A{beta} antibody and dodecapeptide: not binding, weak binding, medium binding, and strong binding. The accuracy of our model reached 0.8278. Using the ABTrans, we examined the cross-reaction of anti-A{beta} antibodies with other human amyloidogenic proteins, and we found that Aducanumab and Donanemab have the least cross-reactions with other human amyloidogenic proteins. We also systematically screened all human proteins interaction with eleven selected anti-A{beta} antibodies to identify possible peptide fragments that could be an off-target candidate.

Key PointsO_LIABTrans is a Transformer-based model that was developed for the first time to predict the interaction between anti-A{beta} antibodies and peptides.
C_LIO_LIABTrans was trained using a dataset with 1.5 million peptides and 110 anti-A{beta} antibodies.
C_LIO_LIABTrans achieved an accuracy of 0.8278 and is capable of determining the four levels of binding ability between antibody and A{beta}: not binding, weak binding, medium binding, and strong binding.
C_LIO_LIABTrans has potential applications in predicting off-target and cross-reactivity effects of antibodies and in designing new anti-A{beta} antibodies.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Su, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.09.561503</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ABTrans: A Transformer-based model for predicting interaction between anti-Abeta antibodies and peptides]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.14.562322v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Repression of mRNA translation initiation by GIGYF1 via blocking the eIF3-eIF4G1 interaction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.14.562322v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Viruses commonly interfere with the function of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G1 (eIF4G1), a pivotal factor in the recruitment of the eIF3 complex and ribosome to the mRNA. This results in the inhibition of general host protein synthesis and redirecting ribosomes toward viral mRNAs. Certain viruses also selectively repress the translation of mRNAs involved in the host antiviral response. GIGYF2 and its interacting cap-binding protein 4EHP enable the transcript-specific repression of mRNA translation mediated by microRNAs and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). RNA viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2, exploit the GIGYF2/4EHP complex to selectively repress the translation of transcripts such as Ifnb1 mRNA, which encodes the antiviral cytokine Interferon {beta} (IFN-{beta}). Herein, we reveal that GIGYF1, a paralogue of GIGYF2, robustly represses cellular mRNA translation through a distinct mechanism independent of 4EHP. Upon recruitment to a target mRNA by RBPs, the C-terminal region of GIGYF1 binds to subunits of eIF3 at the interaction interface of eIF3-eIF4G1. This disrupts binding of eIF3 to eIF4G1, resulting in mRNA-specific translational repression. This mechanism exerts profound influences on the host cells response to viral infection. Depletion of GIGYF1 induces a robust immune response by derepressing Ifnb1 mRNA translation. Overall, our study highlights a unique mechanism of translational regulation by GIGYF1 that involves sequestering eIF3 and abrogating its binding to eIF4G1. This mechanism can be utilized by RBPs that interact with GIGYF1 to specifically repress the translation of their target mRNAs, significantly affecting critical biological processes, including host-pathogen interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Choi, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hesketh, G. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pistofidis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ladak, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alain, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmeing, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gingras, A.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duchaine, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sonenberg, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jafarnejad, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.14.562322</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Repression of mRNA translation initiation by GIGYF1 via blocking the eIF3-eIF4G1 interaction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.16.562339v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Vicious cycle of hemodynamic perturbation and endothelial injury in development and progression of pulmonary arterial hypertension 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.16.562339v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating disease caused by loss of effective lung microvasculature for which there is no curative treatment. Evidence from preclinical models and human disease-causing genetic mutations point to endothelial cell (EC) injury and apoptosis as a central trigger for the initiation of PAH. However, how EC apoptosis leads to pulmonary hypertension (PH) and complex arteriolar remodeling is uncertain.

MethodsRats were subjected to SU5416-hypoxia (SUHx) and EC apoptosis, pulmonary vascular remodeling and arterial volume was assessed by immunohistochemistry, histology and microCT, respectively. Left pulmonary artery banding (LPAB) was performed, either 1 week before (prevention) or 5 weeks after SU injection (reversal), to study the effect of hemodynamic offloading.

ResultsIn the SUHx model, EC apoptosis was markedly increased as early as 3 days post-SU, persisting through PAH development, and this was associated with a profound arterial pruning with reduction in lung arterial volume ([~]80%). LPAB abrogated lung EC apoptosis in the banded left lung and prevented as well as reversed arteriolar pruning. Moreover, in the reversal protocol, removal of the band at 10 weeks resulted in improvement in pulmonary hemodynamics and RV function at 13 weeks.

ConclusionThese data demonstrate that perturbed hemodynamic factors triggered by lung microvascular arteriolar loss play a requisite role in perpetuating endothelial injury in experimental PAH, leading to persistent arterial EC injury and disease progression. Importantly, vascular loss, arterial remodeling and PH are reversible once the cycle of perturbed hemodynamics and EC injury is broken by unilateral lung banding.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Deng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaudhary, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kesavan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chathely, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.16.562339</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Vicious cycle of hemodynamic perturbation and endothelial injury in development and progression of pulmonary arterial hypertension]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.01.564846v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Design of efficient artificial enzymes using crystallographically-enhanced conformational sampling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.01.564846v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ability to create efficient artificial enzymes for any chemical reaction is of great interest. Here, we describe a computational design method for increasing catalytic efficiency of de novo enzymes to a level comparable to their natural counterparts without relying on directed evolution. Using structural ensembles generated from dynamics-based refinement against X-ray diffraction data collected from crystals of Kemp eliminases HG3 (kcat/KM 125 M-1 s-1) and KE70 (kcat/KM 57 M-1 s-1), we design from each enzyme [&le;]10 sequences predicted to catalyze this reaction more efficiently. The most active designs display kcat/KM values improved by 100-250-fold, comparable to mutants obtained after screening thousands of variants in multiple rounds of directed evolution. Crystal structures show excellent agreement with computational models. Our work shows how computational design can generate efficient artificial enzymes by exploiting the true conformational ensemble to more effectively stabilize the transition state.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rakotoharisoa, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seifinoferest, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zarifi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, J. D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chica, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.01.564846</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Design of efficient artificial enzymes using crystallographically-enhanced conformational sampling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.16.567455v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enhanced efficiency in the bilingual brain through the inter-hemispheric cortico-cerebellar pathway in early second language acquisition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.16.567455v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The bilingual experience has a profound impact on the functional and structural organization of the brain, but it is not yet well known how this experience influences whole-brain functional network connectivity. We examined a well-characterized large sample (151 participants) of monolinguals and bilinguals with varied age of second language acquisition, who underwent resting-state functional magnetic brain imaging. We constructed comprehensive functional brain networks for each participant, encompassing cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar regions of interest. Whole-brain analyses revealed that bilingual individuals exhibit higher global efficiency than monolinguals, indicating enhanced functional integration in the brain. Moreover, the age at which the second language was acquired correlated with this increased efficiency, suggesting that earlier exposure to a second language has lasting positive effects on brain functional organization. Further investigation through the network-based statistics (NBS) approach indicates that this effect is primarily driven by heightened functional connectivity between association networks and the cerebellum. This work shows that early learning enhances global whole-brain efficiency and that the timing of learning of two languages has an impact on functional brain organization.

Significance statementLong-term learning impacts brain organization at different spatial scales, and this may be particularly enhanced during early stages of life. Bilingualism offers a unique opportunity to test long-term learning effects in the human brain, given that exposure to a second language can occur from birth or later in life, and can be maintained over long periods of time. We found that second language acquisition in early childhood (before five years of age) enhances brain network efficiency, and that this effect goes beyond the language and cognitive control regions, in fact, the interhemispheric cortico-cerebellar circuit plays a key role. This work shows that the timing of bilingual learning experience alters the brain functional organization at the global and local levels.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gracia-Tabuenca, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbeau, E. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kousaie, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chai, X. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klein, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.16.567455</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enhanced efficiency in the bilingual brain through the inter-hemispheric cortico-cerebellar pathway in early second language acquisition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.20.567923v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Seasonal Human Coronaviruses OC43, 229E, and NL63 Induce Cell Surface Modulation of Entry Receptors and Display Host Cell-Specific Viral Replication Kinetics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.20.567923v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic prompted increased interest in seasonal human coronaviruses. 229E, OC43, NL63 and HKU1 are endemic seasonal coronaviruses that cause the common cold and are associated with generally mild respiratory symptoms. In this study, we identified cell lines that exhibited cytopathic effects (CPE) upon infection by three of these coronaviruses and characterized their viral replication kinetics and the effect of infection on host surface receptor expression. We found that NL63 produced CPE in LLC-MK2 cells, while OC43 produced CPE in MRC-5, HCT-8 and WI-38 cell lines, while 229E produced CPE in MRC-5 and WI-38 by day 3 post-infection. We observed a sharp increase in nucleocapsid and spike viral RNA (vRNA) from day 3 to day 5 post-infection for all viruses, however the abundance and the proportion of vRNAs copies measured in the supernatants and cell lysates of infected cells varied considerably depending on the virus-host cell pair. Importantly, we observed modulation of coronavirus entry and attachment receptors upon infection. Infection with 229E and OC43 led to a downregulation of CD13 and GD3, respectively. In contrast, infection with NL63, and also with OC43, lead to an increase in ACE2 expression. Attempts to block entry of NL63 using either soluble ACE2 or anti-ACE2 monoclonal antibodies demonstrated the potential of these strategies to greatly reduce infection. Overall, our results enable a better understanding of seasonal coronaviruses infection kinetics in permissive cell lines, and reveal entry receptor modulation that may have implications in facilitating co-infections with multiple coronaviruses in humans.

IMPORTANCESeasonal human coronavirus are an important cause of the common cold associated with generally mild upper respiratory tract infections that can result in respiratory complications for some individuals. There are no vaccines available for these viruses, with only limited antiviral therapeutic options to treat the most severe cases. A better understanding of how these viruses interact with host cells is essential to identify new strategies to prevent infection-related complications. By analyzing viral replication kinetics in different permissive cell lines, we find that cell-dependent host factors influence how viral genes are expressed and virus particles released. We also analyzed entry receptor expression on infected cells and found that these can be up or down modulated depending on the infecting coronavirus. Our findings raise concerns over the possibility of infection enhancement upon co-infection by some coronaviruses, which may facilitate genetic recombination and the emergence of new variants and strains.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Siragam, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maltseva, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castonguay, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galipeau, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srinivasan, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soto, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dankar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Langlois, M.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.20.567923</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Seasonal Human Coronaviruses OC43, 229E, and NL63 Induce Cell Surface Modulation of Entry Receptors and Display Host Cell-Specific Viral Replication Kinetics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.01.569630v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Strain-specific evolution and host-specific regulation of transposable elements in the model plant symbiont Rhizophagus irregularis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.01.569630v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transposable elements (TEs) are repetitive DNA that can create variability in genome structure and regulation. The genome of Rhizophagus irregularis, a widely studied arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), comprises approximately 50% repetitive sequences that include transposable elements. Despite their abundance, two-thirds of TEs remain unclassified, and their regulation among AMF life-stages remains unknown. Here, we aimed to improve our understanding of TE diversity and regulation in this model species by curating repeat datasets obtained from chromosome-level assemblies and by investigating their expression across multiple conditions. Our analyses uncovered new TE superfamilies and families in this model symbiont and revealed significant differences in how these sequences evolve both within and between R. irregularis strains. With this curated TE annotation, we also detected that the number of upregulated TE families in colonized roots is four times higher than in the extraradical mycelium, and their overall expression differs depending on the plant host. This work provides a fine-scale view of TE diversity and evolution in model plant symbionts and highlights their transcriptional dynamism and specificity during host-microbe interactions. We also provide Hidden Markov Model profiles of TE domains for future manual curation of uncharacterized sequences (https://github.com/jordana-olive/TE-manual-curation/tree/main).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Oliveira, J. I. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corradi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.01.569630</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Strain-specific evolution and host-specific regulation of transposable elements in the model plant symbiont Rhizophagus irregularis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.04.570018v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Influence of heterogeneous myelination patterns on axonal conduction and vulnerability to demyelination 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.04.570018v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Axons in the mammalian brain show significant diversity in myelination motifs, displaying spatial heterogeneity in sheathing along individual axons and across brain regions. However, its impact on neural signaling and susceptibility to injury remains poorly understood. To address this, we leveraged cable theory and developed model axons replicating the myelin sheath distributions observed experimentally in different regions of the mouse central nervous system. We examined how the spatial arrangement of myelin affects propagation and predisposition to conduction failure in axons with cortical versus callosal myelination motifs. Our results indicate that regional differences in myelination significantly influence conduction timing and signaling reliability. Sensitivity of action potential propagation to the specific positioning, lengths, and ordering of myelinated and exposed segments reveals non-linear and path-dependent conduction. Furthermore, myelination motifs impact signaling vulnerability to demyelination, with callosal motifs being particularly sensitive to myelin changes. These findings highlight the crucial role of myelinating glia in brain function and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Talidou, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lefebvre, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.04.570018</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Influence of heterogeneous myelination patterns on axonal conduction and vulnerability to demyelination]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.05.569965v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-variate statistical and machine learning reveals the interplay between sex and age in antibody responses to de novo SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.05.569965v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Prevention of negative COVID19 infection outcomes and infection/vaccine-acquired immunity is associated with the quality of antibody responses, whose variance by age and sex are poorly understood. Integrated, network approaches, identified sex and age effects in antibody responses and neutralization potential of de novo infection and vaccination throughout the Covid-19 pandemic. Cluster analysis found neutralization values followed SARS-CoV-2 specific receptor binding RIgG, spike SIgG and S and RIgA levels based on COVID19 status. Stochastic behavior tests and other analytical methods revealed sex differences only in persons <40y.o. Serum IgA antibody titers correlated with neutralization only in females 40-60y.o. Network analysis found males could improve IgA responses after vaccination dose 2, unlike >60y.o. females. Complex correlation analyses found vaccination induced less antibody isotype switching and neutralization in older persons, especially in females. Sex dependent antibody & neutralization behavior decayed fastest in older males and with vaccination. Such sex and age characterization by machine learning can direct studies integrating cell mediated responses to define yet elusive correlates of protection and inform age and sex precision-focused vaccine design.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cuperlovic-Culf, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galipeau, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCluskie, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnold, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagheri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Langlois, M.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fritz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>A. Piccirillo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crawley, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.05.569965</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-variate statistical and machine learning reveals the interplay between sex and age in antibody responses to de novo SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.07.570646v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Self-renewing Sox9+ osteochondral stem cells in the postnatal skeleton 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.07.570646v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Postnatal skeletal growth, homeostatic maintenance, and regeneration is driven by skeletal stem cells. In addition, it is well established that skeletal tissues lose their regenerative potential with age, comorbidities, and repeated trauma, possibly through stem cell exhaustion or loss of function. However, it is largely unknown where these cells reside in skeletal tissues, what molecular mechanisms regulate their self-renewal and fate decisions, and how to isolate, purify, and expand them ex vivo. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a deeper understanding of postnatal skeletal stem cells. Here, we used genetic lineage tracing, thymidine analogues retention, whole bone microscopy, imaging cytometry, in vitro assays, and single cell transcriptomics and provide the first experimental evidence for the existence of self-renewing osteochondral stem cells in the postnatal skeleton in both males and females. We also show direct comparisons between adult, fetal, mouse, and human skeletal stem cells at the transcriptome level.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Farhat, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tilouche, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Short, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piron, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandes, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Somyk, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bandukwala, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arezza, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sastourne-Arrey, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reilly, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakra, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bader, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kunz, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schroeder, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carsen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mattar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dilworth, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coutu, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.07.570646</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Self-renewing Sox9+ osteochondral stem cells in the postnatal skeleton]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.25.577245v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Amplifying post-stimulation oscillatory dynamics by engaging synaptic plasticity with periodic stimulation: a modelling study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.25.577245v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Periodic brain stimulation (PBS) techniques, either intracranial or non-invasive, electrical or magnetic, represent promising neuromodulatory tools for the treatment of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Through the modulation of endogenous oscillations, PBS may engage synaptic plasticity, hopefully leading to persistent lasting effects. However, stabilizing such effects represents an important challenge: the interaction between induced electromagnetic fields and neural circuits may yield highly variable responses due to heterogeneous neuronal and synaptic biophysical properties, limiting PBS clinical potential. In this study, we explored the conditions on which PBS leads to amplified post-stimulation oscillatory power, persisting once stimulation has been turned off. We specifically examined the effects of heterogeneity in neuron time scales on post-stimulation dynamics in a population of balanced leaky-integrated and fire (LIF) neurons that exhibit synchronous-irregular spiking activity. Our analysis reveals that such heterogeneity enables PBS to engage synaptic plasticity, amplifying post-stimulation power. Our results show that such post-stimulation aftereffects result from selective frequency- and cell-type-specific synaptic modifications. We evaluated the relative importance of stimulation-induced plasticity amongst and between excitatory and inhibitory populations. Our results indicate that heterogeneity in neurons time scales and synaptic plasticity are both essential for stimulation to support post-stimulation aftereffects, notably to amplify the power of endogenous rhythms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lefebvre, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pariz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-01-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.01.25.577245</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Amplifying post-stimulation oscillatory dynamics by engaging synaptic plasticity with periodic stimulation: a modelling study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-01-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.01.583005v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Particulate Contamination of Human Placenta: Plastic and Non-Plastic 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.01.583005v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent evidence indicates that the human womb is contaminated with a variety of particulate contaminants. Microplastics (MPs, tiny plastic particles (<5 mm) generated by the breakdown of larger plastic products in the environment) accumulation in human placenta has recently been described. In addition, recent evidence has correlated the number of air pollution particulates in term placentas to the loading of these particles in dust from the gestational parent home. The current study sought to characterize the accumulation of plastic and non-plastic particles (NPP) within the term human placenta. Placenta tissues were collected from healthy, singleton pregnancies following vaginal (n=5) and caesarean section (n=5) deliveries at a tertiary care centre located in an urban Canadian city (Ottawa, ON), with particles detected and characterized by Raman micro-spectroscopy. Both plastic and non-plastic particles were identified in all placentas examined, with an average of 1 {+/-} 1.2 MPs /g and 4 {+/-} 2.9 NPP /g of tissue. Similar tissue concentrations of MPs and NNP were identified in all regions of the placenta (basal plate, chorionic villous, chorionic plate), and did not differ according to mode of delivery. MPs ranged in size (2 - 60 m), with the most abundant MPs being polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The most abundantly identified NPP were carbon, graphite, and lead oxide. Collectively, these results demonstrate the accumulation of foreign particles, including MPs, throughout the human placenta. Given the vital functions of the placenta in supporting fetal growth and development, and a potential for MPs to induce toxicity, further investigations into the potential harmful effects of these environmental toxicants on maternal and fetal health is warranted.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=193 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/583005v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (41K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@9f5b0org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1e13468org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@37aa3forg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@8a197e_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG HighlightsO_LIBoth plastic and non-plastic foreign particles were observed in term placentas from Canadian women
C_LIO_LIPlacenta contamination with most of the non-plastic particle types observed has not previously been reported.
C_LIO_LIParticles were observed in similar frequency in placenta regions corresponding to maternal or fetal circulation suggesting that particles pass unhindered through the placenta.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zurub, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bainbridge, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahman, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halappanavar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wade, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.01.583005</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Particulate Contamination of Human Placenta: Plastic and Non-Plastic]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.03.583222v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
IPPK-1 and IP6 contribute to ventral nerve cord assembly in C. elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.03.583222v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Inositol phosphates (IPs) are essential for the development and function of the nervous system. Loss-of-function studies, which demonstrate the importance of specific IP isomers, show their critical role in proper neural tube formation. In this study, we show that inositol pentakisphosphate 2-kinase (IPPK-1), the kinase that phosphorylates IP5 to generate IP6, is involved in assembling the ventral nerve cord (VNC) in C. elegans. We show that mutations in ippk-1 lead to the mispositioning of motor neurons along the VNC of newly hatched larvae. These positioning defects reflect disruption of VNC assembly during embryogenesis, as VNC neuronal progenitors in ippk-1 embryos display a more compact organization after arising on the left and right sides of the embryo, delays in rosette-mediated convergent extension, and defects in cell intercalation. We further show that injection of exogenous IP6 into the gonads of ippk-1 mutants can rescue both embryonic and neuron positioning defects. Our findings indicate that IP isomers, particularly IP6, are important for ventral nerve cord formation in C. elegans. Along with their role in neural tube formation in vertebrates, these results suggests that IP isomers play an ancient role in central nerve cord development.

Highlights- ipmk-1 and ippk-1 mutants display neuron position defects in the ventral nerve cord (VNC).
- ippk-1 mutants display disorganization in VNC neuronal progenitors during VNC assembly.
- IPPK-1 is involved in convergent extension during VNC formation.
- Exogenous IP6 rescues larval and embryonic defects in ippk-1 mutants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Noblett, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roenspies, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flibotte, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colavita, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.03.583222</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[IPPK-1 and IP6 contribute to ventral nerve cord assembly in C. elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.05.583493v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell-type specific contributions to theta-gamma coupled rhythms in the hippocampus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.05.583493v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Distinct inhibitory cell types participate in cognitively relevant nested brain rhythms, and particular changes in such rhythms are known to occur in disease states. Specifically, the co-expression of theta and gamma rhythms in the hippocampus is believed to represent a general coding scheme, but cellular-based generation mechanisms for these coupled rhythms are currently unclear. We develop a population rate model of the CA1 hippocampus that encompasses circuits of three inhibitory cell types (bistratified cells, parvalbumin (PV)-expressing and cholecystokinin (CCK)-expressing basket cells) and pyramidal cells to examine this. We constrain parameters and perform numerical and theoretical analyses. The theory, in combination with the numerical explorations, predicts circuit motifs and specific cell-type mechanisms that are essential for the co-existence of theta and gamma oscillations. We find that CCK-expressing basket cells initiate the coupled rhythms and regularize theta, and PV-expressing basket cells enhance both theta and gamma rhythms. Pyramidal and bistratified cells govern the generation of theta rhythms, and PV-expressing basket and pyramidal cells play dominant roles in controlling theta frequencies. Our circuit motifs for theta-gamma coupled rhythm generation could be applicable to other brain regions.

AUTHOR SUMMARYThere are many different types of inhibitory cells in our brains that are differentially affected in disease. Concomitantly, coupled rhythms change in particular ways with disease. To help understand cell-type specific changes in coupled rhythms, we develop a mathematical network model that is both respective of the cell type and also amenable to analyses. We focus on theta-gamma coupled rhythms in the hippocampus and include three different inhibitory cell types in our model circuits. By combining theoretical analysis and numerical explorations, we find distinct contributions of these inhibitory cell types to coupled rhythms, and predict motifs that are essential for the expression of theta-gamma coupled rhythms. Moving forward, we can leverage our model insights to help unravel cell-type contributions in disease states.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sengupta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Talidou, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lefebvre, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skinner, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.05.583493</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell-type specific contributions to theta-gamma coupled rhythms in the hippocampus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.13.584844v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Assessing fecal metaproteomics workflow and small protein recovery using DDA and DIA PASEF mass spectrometry 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.13.584844v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AimThis study aims to evaluate the impact of experimental workflow on fecal metaproteomic observations, including the recovery of small and antimicrobial proteins often overlooked in metaproteomic studies. The overarching goal is to provide guidance for optimized metaproteomic experimental design, considering the emerging significance of the gut microbiome in human health, disease, and therapeutic interventions.

MethodsMouse feces were utilized as the experimental model. Fecal sample pre-processing methods (differential centrifugation and non-differential centrifugation), protein digestion techniques (in-solution and filter-aided), data acquisition modes (data-dependent and data-independent, or DDA and DIA) when combined with parallel accumulation-serial fragmentation (PASEF), and different bioinformatic workflows were assessed.

ResultsWe showed that, in DIA-PASEF metaproteomics, the library-free search using protein sequence database generated from DDA-PASEF data achieved better identifications than using the generated spectral library. Compared to DDA, DIA-PASEF identified more microbial peptides, quantified more proteins with less missing values, and recovered more small antimicrobial proteins. We didnt observe obvious impacts of protein digestion methods on both taxonomic and functional profiles. However, differential centrifugation decreased the recovery of small and antimicrobial proteins, biased the taxonomic observation with a marked over-estimation of Muribaculum species, and altered the measured functional compositions of metaproteome.

ConclusionThis study underscores the critical impact of experimental choices on metaproteomic outcomes and sheds light on the potential biases introduced at different stages of the workflow. The comprehensive methodological comparisons serve as a valuable guide for researchers aiming to enhance the accuracy and completeness of metaproteomic analyses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fekete, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Creskey, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ning, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pfeifle, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Figeys, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.13.584844</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Assessing fecal metaproteomics workflow and small protein recovery using DDA and DIA PASEF mass spectrometry]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.14.585104v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MetaDIA: A Novel Database Reduction Strategy for DIA Human Gut Metaproteomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.14.585104v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundMicrobiomes, especially within the gut, are complex and may comprise hundreds of species. The identification of peptides in metaproteomics presents a significant challenge, as it involves matching peptides to mass spectra within an enormous search space for complex and unknown samples. This poses difficulties for both the accuracy and the speed of identification. Specifically, analysis of data-independent acquisition (DIA) datasets has relied on libraries constructed from prior data-dependent acquisition (DDA) results. This approach requires running the samples in DDA mode to construct a library from the identified results, which can then be used for the DIA data. However, this method is resource-intensive, consumes samples, and limits identification to peptides previously identified by DDA. These limitations restrict the application of DIA in metaproteomics research.

ResultsWe introduced a novel strategy to reduce the search space by utilizing species abundance and functional abundance information from the microbiome to score each peptide and prioritize those most likely to be detected. Employing this strategy, we have developed and optimized a workflow called MetaDIA for analysis of microbiome DIA data, which operates independently of DDA assistance. Our method demonstrated strong consistency with the traditional DDA-based library approach at both protein and functional levels.

ConclusionOur approach successfully created a smaller, yet sufficient database for DIA data search requirements in metaproteomics, showing high consistency with results from the conventional DDA-based library. We believe this method can facilitate the application of DIA in metaproteomics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Duan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ning, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Figeys, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.14.585104</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MetaDIA: A Novel Database Reduction Strategy for DIA Human Gut Metaproteomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.20.585863v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GABA-ergic inhibition in human MT predicts visuo-spatial intelligence mediated by reverberation with frontal cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.20.585863v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The prevailing opinion emphasizes fronto-parietal network (FPN) is key in mediating general fluid intelligence (gF). Meanwhile, recent studies show that human MT complex (hMT+), located at the occipito-temporal border and involved in 3D perception processing, also plays a key role in gF. However, the underlying mechanism is not clear, yet. To investigate this issue, our study targets visuo-spatial intelligence, which is considered to have high loading on gF. We use ultra-high field magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to measure GABA/glutamate concentrations in hMT+ combining resting-state fMRI functional connectivity (FC), behavioral examinations including hMT+ perception suppression test and gF subtest in visuo-spatial component. Our findings show that both GABA in hMT+ and frontal-hMT+ functional connectivity significantly correlate with the performance of visuo-spatial intelligence. Further, serial mediation model demonstrates that the effect of hMT+ GABA on visuo-spatial gF is fully mediated by the hMT+ frontal FC. Together our findings highlight the importance in integrating sensory and frontal cortices in mediating the visuospatial component of general fluid intelligence.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, D.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Northoff, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.20.585863</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GABA-ergic inhibition in human MT predicts visuo-spatial intelligence mediated by reverberation with frontal cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.27.587008v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of stress specific autophagy regulators from tandem CRISPR screens 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.27.587008v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Autophagy is a conserved degradative process that promotes cellular homeostasis under stress conditions. Under nutrient starvation autophagy is largely non-selective, promoting the indiscriminate breakdown of cytosolic components. Conversely, selective autophagy is responsible for the specific turnover of damaged organelles including endoplasmic reticula, lysosomes, mitochondria, and peroxisomes. The mechanisms of selective autophagy are best understood through the activity of cargo-specific receptors called autophagy receptors, which facilitate the engulfment of the targeted cargo within autophagosomes, leading to subsequent degradation. We hypothesized that selective autophagy may be regulated by distinct upstream signaling from starvation induced autophagy, providing an additional layer of regulatory control to targeted autophagic degradation. To comprehensively address this question we conducted kinome-wide CRISPR screens to identify distinct signaling pathways responsible for the regulation of basal autophagy, starvation-induced autophagy, and two types of selective autophagy, ER-phagy and pexophagy. These parallel screens identified established and novel autophagy shared regulators under these conditions, as well as kinases specifically required for ER-phagy or pexophagy. More specifically, CDK11A and NME3 were further characterized to be selective ER-phagy regulators. Meanwhile, PAN3 and CDC42BPG were identified as activator or inhibitor of pexophagy, respectively. Collectively, these datasets provide the first comparative description of the kinase signaling specificity, separating regulation of selective autophagy and bulk autophagy.

HighlightsO_LIParallel pooled kinome genetic knockout screens reveal known and novel regulators of autophagy under basal conditions, nutrient starvation, ER stress, and peroxisomal stress
C_LIO_LISelective ER and peroxisomal autophagy both have unique activators and inhibitors that distinguish them from bulk autophagy
C_LIO_LICDK11A and NME3 specifically induce and inhibit ER-phagy, respectively
C_LIO_LIPAN3 and CDC42BPG specifically induce and inhibit pexophagy, respectively
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Losier, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rousseaux, M. W. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russell, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.27.587008</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of stress specific autophagy regulators from tandem CRISPR screens]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.28.587227v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The ER-phagy receptor FAM134B is targeted by Salmonella Typhimurium to promote infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.28.587227v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a key catabolic-recycling pathway that can selectively target damaged organelles or invading pathogens for degradation. The selective autophagic degradation of the endoplasmic reticulum (hereafter referred to as ER-phagy) is a homeostatic mechanism, controlling ER size, the removal of misfolded protein aggregates, and organelle damage. ER-phagy is also stimulated by pathogen infection. However, the link between ER-phagy and bacterial infection remains poorly understood, as are the mechanisms evolved by pathogens to escape the effects of ER-phagy. Here, we show that Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium inhibits ER-phagy by targeting the ER-phagy receptor FAM134B, leading to a pronounced increase in Salmonella viability after invasion. Salmonella prevents FAM134B oligomerization, which is required for efficient ER-phagy. FAM134B knock-out raises intracellular Salmonella number, while FAM134B activation reduces Salmonella burden. Additionally, we found that Salmonella targets FAM134B through the bacterial effector SopF to enhance intracellular survival through ER-phagy inhibition. Furthermore, FAM134B knock-out mice infected with Salmonella presented severe intestinal damage and increased bacterial burden. These results provide new mechanistic insight into the interplay between ER-phagy and bacterial infection, highlighting a key role for FAM134B in innate immunity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gatica, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alsaadi, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El Hamra, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mueller, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miyazaki, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sad, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russell, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.28.587227</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The ER-phagy receptor FAM134B is targeted by Salmonella Typhimurium to promote infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.12.589206v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A stress-dependent TDP-43 SUMOylation program preserves neuronal function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.12.589206v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) are overwhelmingly linked to TDP-43 dysfunction. Mutations in TDP-43 are rare, indicating that the progressive accumulation of exogenous factors - such as cellular stressors - converge on TDP-43 to play a key role in disease pathogenesis. Post translational modifications such as SUMOylation play essential roles in response to such exogenous stressors. We therefore set out to understand how SUMOylation may regulate TDP-43 in health and disease. We find that TDP-43 is regulated dynamically via SUMOylation in response to cellular stressors. When this process is blocked in vivo, we note age-dependent TDP-43 pathology and sex-specific behavioral deficits linking TDP-43 SUMOylation with aging and disease. We further find that SUMOylation is correlated with human aging and disease states. Collectively, this work presents TDP-43 SUMOylation as an early physiological response to cellular stress, disruption of which may confer a risk for TDP-43 proteinopathy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Suk, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Part, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heer, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caballero-Gomez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grybas, V. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKeever, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Callaghan, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woulfe, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robertson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rousseaux, M. W. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.12.589206</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A stress-dependent TDP-43 SUMOylation program preserves neuronal function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.14.589424v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Loss of VHL-mediated pRb regulation promotes clear cell renal cell carcinoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.14.589424v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor is a component of E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes that target cellular substrates for proteasome-mediated degradation. VHL inactivation by genetic aberrations is observed in most sporadic cases of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). VHL loss leads to constitutive stabilization of E3 ligase targets, including hypoxia inducible factor  (HIF), in VHL-associated tumors. HIF stabilization upon VHL loss promotes transactivation of hypoxia responsive genes, which contributes to ccRCC development. However, several HIF-independent VHL targets have also been implicated in the promotion of tumorigenesis. Using proximity labeling to identify proteasomal VHL interactors, we identified retinoblastoma protein (pRb) as a novel substrate of VHL. Mechanistically, VHL interacts with pRb in an oxygen-sensitive manner, promoting its ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Concordantly, VHL-inactivation results in pRb hyperstabilization. Functionally, the hyperstabilization of pRb in ccRCC promoted tumorigenesis in vitro and in mouse models. We also show that downstream transcriptional changes induced by pRb hyperstabilization may contribute to ccRCC tumor development. Together, our findings reveal a novel VHL-related pathway which can be therapeutically targeted to inhibit ccRCC tumor development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Russell, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akuma, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiljer, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaudreau-Lapierre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patterson, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trinkle-Mulcahy, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stanford, W. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riazalhosseini, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.14.589424</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Loss of VHL-mediated pRb regulation promotes clear cell renal cell carcinoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.15.589192v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Stabilizing transglutaminase 2 in the open conformation results in reactive astrocytes being more neurosupportive 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.15.589192v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Astrocytes play critical roles in supporting structural and metabolic homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS). CNS injury leads to the development of a range of reactive phenotypes in astrocytes whose molecular determinants are poorly understood. Finding ways to modulate astrocytic injury responses and leverage a pro-recovery phenotype holds promise in treating CNS injury. Recently, it has been demonstrated that ablation of astrocytic transglutaminase 2 (TG2) modulates the phenotype of reactive astrocytes in a way that improves neuronal injury outcomes both in vitro and in vivo. In an in vivo mouse model, pharmacological inhibition of TG2 with the irreversible inhibitor VA4 phenocopies the neurosupportive effects of TG2 deletion in astrocytes. In this study, we provide insights into the mechanisms by which TG2 deletion or inhibition result in a more neurosupportive astrocytic phenotype. Using a neuron-astrocyte co-culture model, we show that VA4 treatment improves the ability of astrocytes to support neurite outgrowth on an injury-relevant matrix. To better understand how pharmacologically altering TG2 affects its ability to regulate reactive astrocyte phenotypes, we assessed how VA4 inhibition impacts TG2s interaction with Zbtb7a, a transcription factor we have previously identified as a functionally relevant TG2 nuclear interactor. The results of these studies demonstrate that VA4 significantly decreases the interaction of TG2 and Zbtb7a. TG2s interactions with Zbtb7a, as well as a wide range of other transcription factors and chromatin regulatory proteins, suggest that TG2 may act as an epigenetic regulator to modulate gene expression. To begin to understand if TG2-mediated epigenetic modification may impact astrocytic phenotypes in our models, we interrogated the effect of TG2 deletion and VA4 treatment on histone acetylation and found significantly greater acetylation in both experimental groups. Consistent with these findings, previous RNA-sequencing and our present proteomic analysis also supported a predominant transcriptionally suppressive role of TG2 in astrocytes. Our proteomic data additionally unveiled pronounced changes in lipid and antioxidant metabolism in astrocytes with TG2 deletion or inhibition, which likely contribute to the enhanced neurosupportive function of these astrocytes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Emerson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delgado, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keillor, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, G. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.15.589192</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Stabilizing transglutaminase 2 in the open conformation results in reactive astrocytes being more neurosupportive]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.16.589820v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Aldehydic load as an objective imaging biomarker of mild traumatic brain injury 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.16.589820v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Concussion is a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) defined as complex neurological impairment induced by biomechanical forces without structural brain damage. There does not yet exist an objective diagnostic tool for concussion. Downstream injury from mTBI stems from oxidative damage leading to the production of neurotoxic aldehydes. A collagen-based 3D corticomimetic scaffold was developed affording an in vitro model of concussion, which confirmed increased aldehyde production in live neurons following impact. To evaluate total aldehyde levels in vivo following mTBI, a novel CEST-MRI contrast agent, ProxyNA3, has been implemented in a new model of closed-head, awake, single-impact concussion developed in aged and young mice with aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) deficiency. Behavioural tests confirm deficits immediately after injury. ProxyNA3-MRI was performed before impact, and on days two- and seven- post-impact. MRI signal enhancement significantly increased at two days post-injury and decreased to baseline seven days post-injury in all mice. An increase in astrocyte activation at seven days post-injury confirms the onset of a neuroinflammatory response following aldehyde production in the brain. The data suggest that advanced age and ALDH2 deficiency contribute to increased aldehydic load following mTBI. Overall, ProxyNA3 was capable of mapping concussion-associated aldehydes, supporting its application as an objective diagnostic tool for concussion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kirby, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ward, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calvert, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leung, J. W.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shawma, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suchy, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donatelli, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Standen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shuhendler, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.16.589820</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Aldehydic load as an objective imaging biomarker of mild traumatic brain injury]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.19.590315v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MetaX: A peptide centric metaproteomic data analysis platform using Operational Taxa-Functions (OTF) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.19.590315v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metaproteomics analyzes the functional dynamics of microbial communities by identifying peptides and mapping them to the most likely proteins and taxa. The challenge in this field lies in seamlessly integrating taxonomic and functional annotations to accurately represent the contributions of individual microbial taxa to functional diversity. We introduce MetaX, a comprehensive tool for analyzing taxa-function relationships in metaproteomics by mapping peptides to their lowest common ancestors and assigning functions based on proportional thresholds, ensuring accurate peptide-level mappings. Importantly, MetaX introduces the Operational Taxa-Functions (OTF), a new conceptual unit for exploring microbial roles and interactions within ecosystems. Additionally, MetaX extends traditional taxonomic classification by adding a genome level below the species level, enhancing the accuracy of function attribution to specific genomes. We demonstrated MetaX by reanalyzing metaproteomic data from gut microbiomes exposed to various sweeteners, achieving results similar to traditional protein analysis. Furthermore, using the peptide-centric approach and OTF, we observed that Parabacteroides distasonis significantly responds to certain sweeteners, highlighting its role in modifying specific metabolic functions. With its intuitive, user-friendly interface, MetaX facilitates detailed study of the complex interactions between microbial taxa and their functions in metaproteomics. It enhances our understanding of microbial roles in ecosystems and health.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ning, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Figeys, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.19.590315</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MetaX: A peptide centric metaproteomic data analysis platform using Operational Taxa-Functions (OTF)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.21.590119v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cellular and molecular changes in the human osteoarthritic and aging hip pulvinar 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.21.590119v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Osteoarthritis (OA) represents a multifaceted pathology characterized by intricate signaling across various joint tissues, where the sub-synovial adipose tissue (ssAT) has been suggested to play diverse roles, from serving as a stem cell reservoir, mechanosensing, serving as a neuroendocrine organ, to modulating inflammation. In this study, we aimed to uncouple the cellular and molecular alterations within the human hip ssAT (the pulvinar) linked to OA and aging, elucidating the distinct contributions of disease onset and progression versus normal aging. Our findings show a pronounced increase in mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSPCs) in the osteoarthritic pulvinar, associated with the upregulation of putative MSPC markers (DPP4, and THY1), indicating an adaptive repair response. Concurrently, in OA patients we observed an altered immune landscape featuring reduced innate immune cells and elevated exhausted CD8+ cells, along with upregulation of genes critical for inflammation and fibroblast activation. Our findings reveal a nuanced picture of OA, where increased stem cell numbers and vascularization, combined with specific gene expression patterns differentiate OA from normal aging. This study not only delineates the roles of inflammation, immune regulation, and stem cell activity in the OA pulvinar but also identifies potential therapeutic targets to modulate these pathways, offering novel insights into OA as a complex interplay of degenerative and intrinsic tissue repair.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tilouche, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farhat, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Short, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Somyk, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beaule, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carsen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grammatopoulos, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coutu, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.21.590119</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cellular and molecular changes in the human osteoarthritic and aging hip pulvinar]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.24.590836v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Delineating the functional activity of antibodies with cross-reactivity to SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1 and related sarbecoviruses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.24.590836v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The recurring spillover of pathogenic coronaviruses and demonstrated capacity of sarbecoviruses, such SARS-CoV-2, to rapidly evolve in humans underscores the need to better understand immune responses to this virus family. For this purpose, we characterized the functional breadth and potency of antibodies targeting the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike glycoprotein that exhibited cross-reactivity against SARS-CoV-2 variants, SARS-CoV-1 and sarbecoviruses from diverse clades and animal origins with spillover potential. One neutralizing antibody, C68.61, showed remarkable neutralization breadth against both SARS-CoV-2 variants and viruses from different sarbecovirus clades. C68.61, which targets a conserved RBD class 5 epitope, did not select for escape variants of SARS-CoV-2 or SARS-CoV-1 in culture nor have predicted escape variants among circulating SARS-CoV-2 strains, suggesting this epitope is functionally constrained. We identified 11 additional SARS-CoV-2/SARS-CoV-1 cross-reactive antibodies that target the more sequence conserved class 4 and class 5 epitopes within RBD that show activity against a subset of diverse sarbecoviruses with one antibody binding every single sarbecovirus RBD tested. A subset of these antibodies exhibited Fc-mediated effector functions as potent as antibodies that impact infection outcome in animal models. Thus, our study identified antibodies targeting conserved regions across SARS-CoV-2 variants and sarbecoviruses that may serve as therapeutics for pandemic preparedness as well as blueprints for the design of immunogens capable of eliciting cross-neutralizing responses.

AUTHOR SUMMARYThere is a large collection of sarbecoviruses related to SARS-CoV-2 circulating in animal reservoirs with the potential to spillover into humans. Neutralizing antibodies have the potential to protect against infection, although viral escape is common. In this study, we isolated several monoclonal antibodies that show broad activity against different sarbecoviruses. The antibodies target epitopes in the core of the receptor binding domain that are highly conserved in sequence across sarbecoviruses and emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. One antibody showed remarkable breadth against both SARS-CoV-1 variants as well as diverse sarbecoviruses. The results of deep mutational scanning suggest that mutations at these predicted sites of escape may functionally constrain viral fitness. Our functional profiling of cross-reactive antibodies highlights vulnerable sites of sarbecoviruses, with some antibodies poised as broadly neutralizing candidates for therapeutic use against future sarbecovirus emergence.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ruiz, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foreman, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lilly, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baharani, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Depierreux, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chohan, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guenthoer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ralph, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matsen, F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, H. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bieniasz, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cote, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Starr, T. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Overbaugh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.24.590836</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Delineating the functional activity of antibodies with cross-reactivity to SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1 and related sarbecoviruses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.26.591372v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ancestral sequence reconstruction of Mic60 reveals a residue signature supporting respiration in yeast 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.26.591372v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In eukaryotes, cellular respiration takes place in the cristae of mitochondria. The mitochondrial inner membrane protein Mic60, a core component of the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS), is crucial for the organization and stabilization of crista junctions and its associated functions. While the C-terminal Mitofilin domain of Mic60 is necessary for cellular respiration, the sequence determinants for this function have remained unclear. Here, we used ancestral sequence reconstruction to generate Mitofilin ancestors up to and including the last opisthokont common ancestor (LOCA). We found that yeast-lineage derived Mitofilin ancestors as far back as the LOCA rescue respiration. By comparing Mitofilin ancestors, we identified four residues sufficient to explain the respiratory difference between yeast- and animal-derived Mitofilin ancestors. Our results provide a foundation for investigating the conservation of Mic60-mediated cristae junction interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Benning, F. M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bell, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Syau, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Connell, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>daCosta, C. J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.26.591372</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ancestral sequence reconstruction of Mic60 reveals a residue signature supporting respiration in yeast]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.07.591898v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dopey-dependent regulation of extracellular vesicles maintains neuronal morphology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.07.591898v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mature neurons maintain their distinctive morphology for extended periods in adult life. Compared to developmental neurite outgrowth, axon guidance, and target selection, relatively little is known of mechanisms that maintain mature neuron morphology. Loss of function in C. elegans DIP-2, a member of the conserved lipid metabolic regulator Dip2 family, results in progressive overgrowth of neurites in adults. We find that dip-2 mutants display specific genetic interactions with sax-2, the C. elegans ortholog of Drosophila Furry and mammalian FRY. Combined loss of DIP-2 and SAX-2 results in severe disruption of neuronal morphology maintenance accompanied by increased release of neuronal extracellular vesicles (EVs). By screening for suppressors of dip-2 sax-2 double mutant defects we identified gain-of-function (gf) mutations in the conserved Dopey family protein PAD-1 and its associated phospholipid flippase TAT-5/ATP9A. In dip-2 sax-2 double mutants carrying either pad-1(gf) or tat-5(gf) mutation, EV release is reduced and neuronal morphology across multiple neuron types is restored to largely normal. PAD-1(gf) acts cell autonomously in neurons. The domain containing pad-1(gf) is essential for PAD-1 function, and PAD-1(gf) protein displays increased association with the plasma membrane and inhibits EV release. Our findings uncover a novel functional network of DIP-2, SAX-2, PAD-1, and TAT-5 that maintains morphology of neurons and other types of cells, shedding light on the mechanistic basis of neurological disorders involving human orthologs of these genes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Park, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noblett, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pitts, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colavita, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wehman, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chisholm, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.07.591898</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dopey-dependent regulation of extracellular vesicles maintains neuronal morphology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.07.592962v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effect Of Ayahuasca on Experimental Models of Ethanol Addiction and Immunohistochemistry Analysis in Rodents 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.07.592962v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundAyahuasca, a psychoactive Amazonian preparation, is increasingly studied for substance-use disorders.

ObjectivesInvestigate whether oral lyophilised-ayahuasca attenuates ethanol-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in mice and alters {Delta}FosB expression in nucleus accumbens (NAc).

MethodsMale Swiss mice received water or ayahuasca (130-1950 mg/kg, p.o.) 30 min before each of eight ethanol pairings (2g/kg i.p.) in a CPP paradigm. A separate cohort underwent acute toxicology (650-5000mg/kg) with behavioural-observation and rotarod. Alkaloids were quantified by LC-MS/MS. {Delta}FosB-immunoreactive nuclei were counted in NAc 24h after the CPP post-test.

ResultsAlkaloids levels were within traditional ranges. High-dose ayahuasca(5000 mg/kg) produced transient-serotonergic-syndrome-like signs and rotarod locomotor-deficit; lower doses did not express toxicity. Ethanol produced a moderate-CPP in controls({Delta}Time{approx}+60s), whereas ayahuasca-pretreatment abolished preference at all doses({Delta}Time within{+/-}7s). One-way ANOVA on {Delta}Time showed a robust-Treatment effect(F(3,36)=8.83, p=0.00016); Tukey tests: control differed from each ayahuasca group (all p<0.05), with no differences among ayahuasca doses. {Delta}FosB density did not differ among groups(p>0.05).

ConclusionsAyahuasca was well tolerated at ceremonies-equivalent doses and blocked ethanol-induced-CPP across all doses, while {Delta}FosB levels in NAc were unchanged at 24h. Limitations on the CPP baseline and {Delta}FosB results may limit sensitivity, generalisability and interpretation. Findings provide preliminary evidence that ayahuasca-pretreatment may blunt ethanol-context preference, reinforcing the need of replication with stronger reward baselines, naive controls and complementary molecular markers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Distefano Wiltenburg, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morales-Lima, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sousa Santos, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Echeverry Bermudez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cardoso Cruz, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Oliveira Silveira, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yonamine, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayako Tiba, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rieli Mendes, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.07.592962</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effect Of Ayahuasca on Experimental Models of Ethanol Addiction and Immunohistochemistry Analysis in Rodents]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.28.596157v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
mRNA Vaccine-Induced SARS-CoV-2 Spike-Specific IFN-γ and IL-2 T-cell Responses are Predictive of Serological Neutralization and are Transiently Enhanced by Pre-Existing Cross-Reactive Immunity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.28.596157v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The contributions of SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cells to vaccine efficacy and durability are unclear. We investigated the relationships between mRNA vaccine-induced spike-specific IFN-{gamma} and IL-2 T-cell responses, anti-spike/RBD IgG/IgA antibodies, and live virus neutralizing capacity in long-term-care-home staff doubly vaccinated with BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273. The impacts of pre-existing cross-reactive T-cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 on cellular and humoral responses to vaccination were additionally assessed. Mathematical modelling of the kinetics of spike-specific IFN-{gamma} and IL-2 T-cell responses over 6-months post-second dose was bifurcated into recipients who exhibited gradual increases (54% and 42%, respectively) with doubling times of 173 days, or decreases (46% and 58%, respectively) with half-lives of 115 days. Differences in kinetics did not correlate with any clinical phenotypes, although increases were proposed to be due to subclinical viral exposures. Serological anti-spike/RBD IgG/IgA antibody levels had otherwise decayed in all participants with half-lives of 55, 53, 76, and 59 days, respectively. Spike-specific T-cell responses induced at 2-6 weeks correlated with live viral neutralization at 6-months post-second dose, especially in hybrid immune individuals. Participants with pre-existing cross-reactive T-cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 exhibited greater spike-specific T-cell responses, reduced anti-RBD IgA antibody levels, and a trending increase in neutralization at 2-6 weeks post-second dose. Non-spike-specific T-cells predominantly targeted SARS-CoV-2 non-structural protein at 6-months post-second dose in cross-reactive participants. mRNA vaccination was lastly shown to induce off-target T-cell responses against unrelated antigens. In summary, vaccine-induced spike-specific T-cell immunity appeared to influence serological neutralizing capacity, with only a modest effect induced by pre-existing cross-reactivity.

IMPORTANCEOur findings provide important insights on the potential contributions of mRNA vaccine-induced spike-specific T-cell responses to the durability of neutralizing antibody levels in both uninfected and hybrid immune recipients. Our study additionally sheds light on the precise impacts of pre-existing cross-reactive T-cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 on the magnitude and kinetics of cellular and humoral responses to vaccination. This study should ultimately inform the development of novel pan-coronavirus vaccines and vaccine regimens that can maximize the durability and breadth of protection against both current and future human coronaviruses of concern.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Samaan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korosec, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Budylowski, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chau, S. L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pasculescu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delgado-Brand, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tursun, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mailhot, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dayam, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnold, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Langlois, M.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Launay, K. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyd, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takaoka, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colwill, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGeer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Straus, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gingras, A.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heffernen, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ostrowski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.28.596157</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[mRNA Vaccine-Induced SARS-CoV-2 Spike-Specific IFN-γ and IL-2 T-cell Responses are Predictive of Serological Neutralization and are Transiently Enhanced by Pre-Existing Cross-Reactive Immunity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.28.596184v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PhyloFunc: Phylogeny-informed Functional Distance as a New Ecological Metric for Metaproteomic Data Analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.28.596184v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundBeta-diversity is a fundamental ecological metric for exploring dissimilarities between microbial communities. On the functional dimension, metaproteomics data can be used to quantify beta-diversity to understand how microbial community functional profiles vary under different environmental conditions. Conventional approaches to metaproteomic functional beta-diversity often treat protein functions as independent features, ignoring the evolutionary relationships among microbial taxa from which different proteins originate. A more informative functional distance metric that incorporates evolutionary relatedness is needed to better understand microbiome functional dissimilarities.

ResultsHere, we introduce PhyloFunc, a novel functional beta-diversity metric that incorporates microbiome phylogeny to inform on metaproteomic functional distance. Leveraging the phylogenetic framework of weighted UniFrac distance, PhyloFunc innovatively utilizes branch lengths to weigh between-sample functional distances for each taxon, rather than differences in taxonomic abundance as in weighted UniFrac. Proof-of-concept using a simulated toy dataset and a real dataset from mouse inoculated with a synthetic gut microbiome and fed different diets show that PhyloFunc successfully captured functional compensatory effects between phylogenetically related taxa. We further tested a third dataset of complex human gut microbiomes treated with five different drugs to compare PhyloFuncs performance with other traditional distance methods. PCoA and machine learning-based classification algorithms revealed higher sensitivity of PhyloFunc in microbiome responses to paracetamol. We provide PhyloFunc as an open-source Python package (available at https://pydigger.com/pypi/PhyloFunc), enabling efficient calculation of functional beta-diversity distances between a pair of samples or the generation of a distance matrix for all samples within a dataset.

ConclusionsUnlike traditional approaches that consider metaproteomics features as independent and unrelated, PhyloFunc acknowledges the role of phylogenetic context in shaping the functional landscape in metaproteomes. In particular, we report that PhyloFunc accounts for the functional compensatory effect of taxonomically related species. Its effectiveness, ecological relevance, and enhanced sensitivity in distinguishing group variations are demonstrated through the specific applications presented in this study.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simopoulos, C. M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serrana, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ning, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Figeys, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.28.596184</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PhyloFunc: Phylogeny-informed Functional Distance as a New Ecological Metric for Metaproteomic Data Analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.03.597273v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Long-range neuropeptide relay as a central-peripheral communication mechanism for the context-dependent modulation of interval timing behaviors. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.03.597273v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuropeptides play crucial roles in regulating context-dependent behaviors, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We investigate the role of the neuropeptide SIFa and its receptor SIFaR in regulating two distinct mating duration behaviors in male Drosophila: Longer-Mating-Duration (LMD) and Shorter-Mating-Duration (SMD). We found that SIFaR expression in specific neurons is required for both LMD and SMD behaviors. Social context and sexual experience lead to synaptic reorganization between SIFa and SIFaR neurons, altering internal states of brain. We revealed that the SIFa-SIFaR/Crz-CrzR neuropeptide relay pathway is essential for generating distinct interval timing behaviors, with Crz neurons being responsive to the activity of SIFa neurons. Additionally, CrzR expression in non-neuronal cells is critical for regulating LMD and SMD behaviors. Our study provides insights into how neuropeptides and their receptors modulate context-dependent behaviors through synaptic plasticity and calcium signaling, with implications for understanding the neural circuitry underlying interval timing and neuropeptidergic system modulation of behavioral adaptations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schweizer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, K.-N. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.03.597273</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Long-range neuropeptide relay as a central-peripheral communication mechanism for the context-dependent modulation of interval timing behaviors.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.04.597277v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Peptidergic neurons with extensive branching orchestrate the internal states and energy balance of male Drosophila melanogaster. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.04.597277v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuropeptide SIFamide (SIFa) neurons in Drosophila melanogaster have been characterized by their exceptionally elaborate arborization patterns, which extend from the brain into the ventral nerve cord (VNC). SIFa neurons are equipped to receive signals that integrate both internal physiological cues and external environmental stimuli. These signals enable the neurons to regulate energy balance, sleep patterns, metabolic status, and circadian timing. These peptidergic neurons are instrumental in orchestrating the animals internal states and refining its behavioral responses, yet the precise molecular underpinnings of this process remain elusive. Here we demonstrate that SIFa neurons coordinate a range of behavioral responses by selectively integrating inputs and outputs in a context-dependent manner. These neurons engage in a feedback loop with sNPF neurons in the ventral nerve cord, modifying behaviors such as long mating duration (LMD) and shorter mating duration (SMD). Furthermore, SIFa neurons receive essential inputs from neuropeptides Dsk, sNPF, and dilp2, which regulate interval timing behaviors. Activating SIFa neurons leads to reduced mating duration and increased food intake, while deactivating them reduces food intake. Overall, these findings demonstrate the importance of SIFa neurons in absorbing inputs and turning them into behavioral outputs, shedding light on animals intricate behavioral orchestration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryu, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schweizer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, K.-N. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>kwan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.04.597277</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Peptidergic neurons with extensive branching orchestrate the internal states and energy balance of male Drosophila melanogaster.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.07.597913v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enhancing oncolytic virotherapy by exosome-mediated microRNA reprograming of the tumour microenvironment. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.07.597913v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThere has been limited success of cancer immunotherapies in the treatment of ovarian cancer (OvCa) to date, largely due to the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment (TME). Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a major component of both the primary tumour and malignant ascites, promoting tumour growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, chemotherapy resistance and immunosuppression. Differential microRNA (miRNA) profiles have been implicated in the plasticity of TAMs. Therefore, delivering miRNA to TAMs to promote an anti-tumour phenotype is a novel approach to reverse their pro-tumour activity and enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) preferentially replicate in tumour cells making them ideal vehicles to deliver miRNA mimetics to the TME. Importantly, miRNA expressed by OVs get packaged within tumour-derived extracellular vesicles (TDEVs), and release of TDEV is augmented by OV infection, thus enhancing the dissemination of miRNA throughout the TME.

MethodSmall RNAseq was used to identify differentially expressed miRNA during TAM generation and following LPS/IFN{gamma} stimulation to induce an anti-tumour phenotype. Two differentially expressed miRNA identified, miR-155 and miR-19a, were cloned into oncolytic rhabdovirus (ORV), and anti-tumour efficacy was investigated using both in vitro and in vivo models of OvCa.

ResultsThis study demonstrates that ORV infection enhances TDEV production in OvCa cell lines both in vitro and in vivo and that TDEV are preferentially taken up by myeloid cells, including TAMs. Small RNAseq identified 23 miRNAs that were significantly upregulated in anti-tumour TAMs, including miR-155-5p. While 101 miRNAs were downregulated during pro-tumour TAM differentiation, including miR-19a-3p. Culturing TDEV expressing miR-155 or miR-19a with TAMs reversed their immunosuppressive activity, as measured by T cell proliferation. While ORV-miR-155 enhanced the generation of anti-tumour T cells, only ORV-miR19a significantly improved survival of mice bearing ovarian tumours.

ConclusionThis study demonstrates (i) that arming ORVs with immunomodulatory miRNA is an effective approach to deliver miRNA to myeloid cells within the TME and (ii) that miRNA have the capacity to reverse the tumour promoting properties of TAMs and improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies, such as OV.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jennings, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rumbold-Hall, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Migneco, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barr, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reilly, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ingram, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>St Hilare, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heaton, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alzamel, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ralph, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McNeish, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bell, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melcher, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ilkow, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cook, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Errington-Mais, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.07.597913</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enhancing oncolytic virotherapy by exosome-mediated microRNA reprograming of the tumour microenvironment.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.11.598415v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Palytoxin Evokes Reversible Spreading Depolarization in the Locust CNS 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.11.598415v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spreading depolarization (SD) describes the near-complete depolarization of CNS neural cells as a consequence of chemical, electrical, and metabolic perturbations. It is well-established as the central mechanism underlying insect coma and various mammalian neurological dysfunctions. Despite significant progress in our understanding, the question remains: which cation channel, if any, generates SD in the CNS?

Previously, we speculated that the sodium-potassium ATPase (NKA) might function as a large-conductance ion channel to initiate SD in insects, potentially mediated by a palytoxin (PLTX)-like endogenous activator. In the current study, we evaluate the effectiveness and properties of PLTX as an SD initiator in L. migratoria. Whereas bath-applied PLTX failed to ignite SD, direct injection into the neuropil triggered SD in 57% of the preparations. Notably, PLTX-induced SD onset was significantly more rapid compared to ouabain injection and azide controls, though their electrophysiological features remained similar. Furthermore, PLTX-induced SD was recoverable and resulted in a greater frequency of repetitive SD events compared to ouabain.

Surprisingly, prior PLTX treatment disrupted the onset and recovery of subsequent SD evoked by other means. PLTX injection could attenuate the amplitude and hasten the onset time of azide-induced SD. Such an effect is associated with a complete inhibition at higher doses of subsequent anoxic SD induced through azide treatment or submersion.

These results show that PLTX can trigger repetitive and reversible SD-like events in locusts and simultaneously interfere with anoxic SD occurrence. We suggest that the well-documented NKA pump conversion into an open non-selective cationic channel is a plausible mechanism of SD activation in the locust CNS, warranting additional investigations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>wang, y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Dusen, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGuire, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrew, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robertson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.11.598415</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Palytoxin Evokes Reversible Spreading Depolarization in the Locust CNS]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.13.598907v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Centrosomes act as organizing centers to promote Polo kinase-mediated adaptation to persistent DNA damage 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.13.598907v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ability of cells to overcome cell cycle arrest and adapt to the presence of unrepairable DNA damage is under the control of polo-like kinases (PLKs) in eukaryotes. How DNA damage checkpoints are silenced or bypassed during the adaptation response is unknown, but the process requires enrichment of the Cdc5 PLK to microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs), such as the yeast centrosomes or spindle pole bodies (SPBs). Here we found that SPBs play an active role as supramolecular organizing centers that coordinate Cdc5 recruitment and signaling to downstream effectors during the adaptation response to DNA damage. We show that SPB components Nud1, Spc110, and Spc72 are key effectors of Cdc5 recruitment to SPB in the presence of sustained DNA damage. Following recruitment, Cdc5 transduces a phospho-signal to key structural subunits of the SPB, including Cnm67 and Mps3. We demonstrate these phosphorylation events are required to bypass cell cycle checkpoint arrest and enable effective adaptation to DNA damage. This response is specific because it cannot be recapitulated by a generic inactivation of MTOC activity. Collectively, our results indicate that centrosomes can act as supramolecular platforms to coordinate dynamic recruitment and substrate selection of PLKs during the DNA damage response.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Langlois-Lemay, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Amours, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.13.598907</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Centrosomes act as organizing centers to promote Polo kinase-mediated adaptation to persistent DNA damage]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.28.601156v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Glial voltage-gated K+ channels modulate the neural abiotic stress tolerance of Drosophila melanogaster 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.28.601156v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Severe abiotic stress causes insects to lose nervous function and enter a state of paralytic coma. Central to this loss of function is a spreading depolarization (SD), where a characteristic collapse of ion gradients depolarizes neuronal and glial membranes and rapidly shuts down the CNS. Despite representing a critical limit to CNS function, the stress threshold that elicits SD can be altered by the process of acclimation, though the mechanisms underlying this response remain largely unknown. Here, we made electrophysiological measurements of SD and investigated the role of K+ channels in acclimation of the CNS stress response of Drosophila melanogaster. First, we demonstrate that improved cold tolerance in the CNS elicited by cold acclimation was abolished by pharmacological blockade of K+ channels with voltage-gated K+ channels representing most of this effect. Next, we used the UAS/Gal4 model system to screen for candidate genes encoding glial voltage-gated K+ channels and found that knockdown of sei- and Shaw-encoded channels mimicked the effect of K+ blockade in cold-acclimated flies. Furthermore we show that the knockdown of glial sei-encoded channels also impair tolerance to anoxia and heat stress. These findings suggest that voltage-gated K+ channels, especially those encoded by sei, are integral to the CNS stress- and acclimation-response and we posit that this is elicited through mechanisms involving glial spatial buffering and barrier function. Establishing such causal links between tissue-specific expression of candidate genes and SD mechanisms will inevitably aid our understanding of insect ecophysiology and SD-related neuropathologies.

New and NoteworthyUsing thermal acclimation and pharmacology, we demonstrate that voltage-gated K+ channels are involved in setting the threshold for cold-induced spreading depolarization (SD) in the Drosophila melanogaster CNS. Glial knockdown of channels encoded by sei and Shaw reduced the resistance to cold-induced SD, highlighting their importance in acclimation of the CNS. Glia-specific sei-knockdown also reduced tolerance to anoxia and heat. We posit that sei-channels are involved the CNS stress- and acclimation-responses through glial spatial buffering mechanisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Andersen, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Livingston, D. B. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robertson, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacMillan, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.28.601156</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Glial voltage-gated K+ channels modulate the neural abiotic stress tolerance of Drosophila melanogaster]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.18.603797v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CACHE Challenge #1: targeting the WDR domain of LRRK2, a Parkinson's Disease associated protein. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.18.603797v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The CACHE challenges are a series of prospective benchmarking exercises meant to evaluate progress in the field of computational hit-finding. Here we report the results of the inaugural CACHE #1 challenge in which 23 computational teams each selected up to 100 commercially available compounds that they predicted would bind to the WDR domain of the Parkinsons disease target LRRK2, a domain with no known ligand and only an apo structure in the PDB. The lack of known binding data and presumably low druggability of the target is a challenge to computational hit finding methods. Seventy-three of the 1955 procured molecules bound LRRK2 in an SPR assay with KD lower than 150 M and were advanced to a hit expansion phase where computational teams each selected up to 50 analogs each. Binding was observed in two orthogonal assays with affinities ranging from 18 to 140 M for seven chemically diverse series. The seven successful computational workflows varied in their screening strategies and techniques. Three used molecular dynamics to produce a conformational ensemble of the targeted site, three included a fragment docking step, three implemented a generative design strategy and five used one or more deep learning steps. CACHE #1 reflects a highly exploratory phase in computational drug design where participants sometimes adopted strikingly diverging screening strategies. Machine-learning accelerated methods achieved similar results to brute force (e.g. exhaustive) docking. First-in-class, experimentally confirmed compounds were rare and weakly potent, indicating that recent advances are not sufficient to effectively address challenging targets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ackloo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arrowsmith, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ban, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barden, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beck, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beranek, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berenger, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolotokova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bret, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breznik, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carosati, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chau, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cherkasov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Della Corte, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Denzinger, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Draga, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunn, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edfeldt, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edwards, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eguida, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eisenhuth, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedrich, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuerll, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gardiner, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gentile, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghiabi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glavatskikh, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorgulla, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guenther, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunnarsson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guseve, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutkin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hillisch, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffer, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hogner, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irwin, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isayev, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivanova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacquemard, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jarrett, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jensen, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kireev, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klebe</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.18.603797</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CACHE Challenge #1: targeting the WDR domain of LRRK2, a Parkinson's Disease associated protein.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.17.604002v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Development of 3-in-1 nanotherapeutic strategies for ovarian cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.17.604002v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=145 SRC="FIGDIR/small/604002v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (43K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1c2d3e3org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1e4e73eorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@109aceeorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@387843_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG O_FLOATNOTOCC_FLOATNO C_FIG Among gynecological cancers, ovarian cancer causes the most fatality. Platin-based chemotherapy is the primary therapeutic option, but it is limited by a variety of drug resistance mechanisms. Ovarian cancer is a complex and challenging disease to treat, and combination approaches have shown stronger efficacy than a single drug alone. However, they still need to overcome challenges, such as the non-selective distribution of drugs, and side effects caused by each drug in the combination. To overcome these issues, here we explored a 3-in-1 combination nanotherapeutic approach containing cisplatin, olaparib, and metformin for ovarian cancer. To encapsulate hydrophilic cisplatin and metformin inside the nanoparticle (NP) core, we developed cisplatin polymer prodrugs and metformin derivatives. Our results showed successful development of 3-in-1 NPs containing cisplatin, olaparib, and metformin, and they are stable in the physiological conditions. In vitro evaluation showed each agent in the 3-in-1 NPs is active and exerts therapeutic effects, contributing to ovarian cancer cell killing at lower concentrations. These results provide insight into developing novel nanotherapeutic strategies for improving ovarian cancer treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Durocher, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGrath, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gahunia, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matsuura, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gadde, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.17.604002</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Development of 3-in-1 nanotherapeutic strategies for ovarian cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.19.604252v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spiking neural network models of sound localisation via a massively collaborative process 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.19.604252v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AbstractNeuroscientists are increasingly initiating large-scale collaborations which bring together tens to hundreds of researchers. However, while these projects represent a step-change in scale, they retain a traditional structure with centralised funding, participating laboratories and data sharing on publication. Inspired by an open-source project in pure mathematics, we set out to test the feasibility of an alternative structure by running a grassroots, massively collaborative project in computational neuroscience. To do so, we launched a public Git repository, with code for training spiking neural networks to solve a sound localisation task via surrogate gradient descent. We then invited anyone, anywhere to use this code as a springboard for exploring questions of interest to them, and encouraged participants to share their work both asynchro-nously through Git and synchronously at monthly online workshops. At a scientific level, our work investigated how a range of biologically-relevant parameters, from time delays to mem-brane time constants and levels of inhibition, could impact sound localisation in networks of spiking units. At a more macro-level, our project brought together 31 researchers from multiple countries, provided hands-on research experience to early career participants, and opportunities for supervision and teaching to later career participants. Looking ahead, our project provides a glimpse of what open, collaborative science could look like and provides a necessary, tentative step towards it.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Habashy, K. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Santis, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiers, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ercelik, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meszaros, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedenberger, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bena, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abubacar, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Byrne, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riquelme, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aizenbud, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bicknell, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bormuth, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antonietti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodman, D. F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.19.604252</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spiking neural network models of sound localisation via a massively collaborative process]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.19.604308v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Burst-Dependent Algorithm for Neuromorphic On-Chip Learning of Spiking Neural Networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.19.604308v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The field of neuromorphic engineering addresses the high energy demands of neural networks through brain-inspired hardware for efficient neural network computing. For on-chip learning with spiking neural networks, neuromorphic hardware requires a local learning algorithm able to solve complex tasks. Approaches based on burst-dependent plasticity have been proposed to address this requirement, but their ability to learn complex tasks has remained unproven. Specifically, previous burst-dependent learning was demonstrated on a spiking version of the XOR problem using a network of thousands of neurons. Here, we extend burst-dependent learning, termed  Burstprop, to address more complex tasks with hundreds of neurons. We evaluate Burstprop on a rate-encoded spiking version of the MNIST dataset, achieving low test classification errors, comparable to those obtained using backpropagation through time on the same architecture. Going further, we develop another burst-dependent algorithm based on the communication of two types of error-encoding events for the communication of positive and negative errors. We find that this new algorithm performs better on the image classification benchmark. We also tested our algorithms under various types of feedback connectivity, establishing that the capabilities of fixed random feedback connectivity is preserved in spiking neural networks. Lastly, we tested the robustness of the algorithm to weight discretization. Together, these results suggest that spiking Burstprop can scale to more complex learning tasks and can thus be considered for self-supervised algorithms while maintaining efficiency, potentially providing a viable method for learning with neuromorphic hardware.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stuck, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naud, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.19.604308</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Burst-Dependent Algorithm for Neuromorphic On-Chip Learning of Spiking Neural Networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.22.604548v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Range geographies, not functional traits, explain convergent range and phenology shifts under climate change 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.22.604548v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Climate change may introduce conditions beyond species tolerances; to survive, species must avoid these extremes. Phenological shifts are one strategy, as species move their activity or life history events in time to avoid extreme conditions. Species may also shift in space, moving their ranges poleward to escape extremes. However, whether species are more likely to exhibit one or both strategies, and whether this can be predicted based on a species functional traits, is unknown. Using a powerful macroecological dataset of European and North American odonate observations, we assessed range and phenology shifts between two time periods (1980-2002 and 2008-2018) to measure the strength and direction of the association between responses. Species with the greatest poleward range shifts also showed the largest phenological shifts toward earlier annual activity periods, with half of all species shifting in both space and time. This response was consistent across continents, despite highly divergent land use and biogeographical histories in these regions. Surprisingly, species range and phenology shifts were not related to functional traits; rather, southern species shifted their range limits more strongly, while increasing temperature variability hindered range shifts. By reducing risk through phenological shifts, the resulting larger populations may be more likely to disperse and expand species ranges. Species shifting in both space and time may be more resilient to extreme conditions, although further work integrating abundance data is needed. We also identified a small number of species (approximately 10%) that failed to shift at all; these species are likely to be particularly vulnerable to climate change, and should be prioritized for conservation intervention.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sirois-Delisle, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, S. C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerr, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.22.604548</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Range geographies, not functional traits, explain convergent range and phenology shifts under climate change]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.26.605228v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dose-related Mutagenic and Clastogenic Effects of Benzofluoranthene in Mouse Somatic Tissues Detected by Duplex Sequencing and the Micronucleus Assay 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.26.605228v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are common environmental pollutants that originate from the incomplete combustion of organic materials. We investigated the clastogenicity and mutagenicity of benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF), one of 16 priority PAHs, in MutaMouse males after a 28-day oral exposure. BbF causes robust dose-dependent increases in micronucleus frequency in peripheral blood, indicative of chromosome damage. Duplex Sequencing (DS), an error-corrected sequencing technology, reveals that BbF induces dose-dependent increases in mutation frequencies in bone marrow (BM) and liver. Mutagenicity is increased in intergenic relative to genic regions, suggesting a role for transcription-coupled repair of BbF-induced DNA damage. At higher doses, the maximum mutagenic response to BbF is higher in liver, which has a lower mitotic index but higher metabolic capacity than BM; however, mutagenic potency is comparable between the two tissues. BbF induces primarily C:G>A:T mutations, followed by C:G>T:A and C:G>G:C, indicating that BbF metabolites mainly target guanines and cytosines. The mutation spectrum of BbF correlates with cancer mutational signatures associated with tobacco exposure, supporting its contribution to the carcinogenicity of combustion-derived PAHs in humans. Overall, BbFs mutagenic effects are similar to benzo[a]pyrene, a well-studied mutagenic PAH. Our work showcases the utility of DS for effective mutagenicity assessment of environmental pollutants.

SynopsisWe used Duplex Sequencing to study the mutagenicity of benzo[b]fluoranthene across the mouse genome. Dose-dependent changes in mutation frequency and spectrum quantify its role in PAH-induced carcinogenicity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schuster, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LeBlanc, D. P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meier, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dodge, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hobbs, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diesing, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith-Roe, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salk, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marchetti, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yauk, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.26.605228</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dose-related Mutagenic and Clastogenic Effects of Benzofluoranthene in Mouse Somatic Tissues Detected by Duplex Sequencing and the Micronucleus Assay]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.31.605368v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
tp53 R217H and R242H Mutant Zebrafish Exhibit Dysfunctional p53 Hallmarks and Recapitulate Li-Fraumeni Syndrome Phenotypes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.31.605368v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is a hereditary cancer predisposition syndrome associated with a highly penetrant cancer spectrum characterized by germline TP53 mutations. We characterized the first LFS zebrafish hotspot mutants, tp53 R217H and R242H (human R248H and R273H), and found these mutants exhibit partial-to-no activation of p53 target genes, have a defective G1 cell-cycle checkpoint, and are resistant to apoptosis. Spontaneous tumor development histologically resembling human sarcomas developed as early as 6 months. tp53 R242H mutants had a higher lifetime tumor incidence compared to tp53 null and R217H mutants, suggesting it is a more aggressive mutation. We observed mutation-specific tumor phenotypes across tp53 mutants with associated diverse transcriptomic and DNA methylome profiles, impacting metabolism, cell signalling, and biomacromolecule synthesis and degradation. These tp53 zebrafish mutants demonstrate fidelity to their human counterparts and provide new insights into underlying tumorigenesis mechanisms and kinetics, which will guide targeted therapeutics for LFS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kobar, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berman, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiene, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuzi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burnley, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galpin, K. J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Midgen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laverty, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moksa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subasri, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shlien, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirst, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malkin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prykhozhij, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carles, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.31.605368</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[tp53 R217H and R242H Mutant Zebrafish Exhibit Dysfunctional p53 Hallmarks and Recapitulate Li-Fraumeni Syndrome Phenotypes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.19.608651v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-Omics Unveils Strain-Specific Neuroactive Metabolite Production Linked to Inflammation Modulation by Bacteroides and Their Extracellular Vesicles 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.19.608651v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacteroides species are key members of the human gut microbiome and play crucial roles in gut ecology, metabolism, and host-microbe interactions. This study investigated the strain-specific production of neuroactive metabolites by 18 Bacteroidetes (12 Bacteroides, 4 Phocaeicola, and 2 Parabacteroides) using multi-omics approaches. Genomic analysis revealed a significant potential for producing GABA, tryptophan, tyrosine, and histidine metabolism-linked neuroactive compounds. Using untargeted and targeted metabolomics, we identified key neurotransmitter-related or precursor metabolites, including GABA, L-tryptophan, 5-HTP, normelatonin, kynurenic acid, L-tyrosine, and norepinephrine, in a strain- and media-specific manner, with GABA (1-2 mM) being the most abundant. Additionally, extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by Bacteroides harbor multiple neuroactive metabolites, mainly GABA, and related key enzymes. We used CRISPR/Cas12a-based gene engineering to create a knockout mutant lacking the glutamate decarboxylase gene (gadB) to demonstrate the specific contribution of Bacteroides finegoldii-derived GABA in modulating intestinal homeostasis. Cell-free supernatants from wild-type (WT, GABA+) and {Delta}gadB (GABA-) provided GABA-independent reinforcement of epithelial membrane integrity in LPS-treated Caco-2/HT29-MTX co-cultures. EVs from WT and {Delta}gadB attenuated inflammatory immune response of LPS-treated RAW264.7 macrophages, with reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1{beta} and IL-6), downregulation of TNF-, and upregulation of IL-10 and TGF-{beta}. GABA production by B. finegoldii had a limited impact on gut barrier integrity but a significant role in modulating inflammation. This study is the first to demonstrate the presence of a myriad of neuroactive metabolites produced by Bacteroides species in a strain- and media-specific manner in supernatant and EVs, with GABA being the most dominant metabolite and influencing immune responses.

ImportanceBacteroides is a keystone gut symbiont that largely influences gut ecological dynamics and intestinal homeostasis. While previous studies highlighted the contribution of Bacteroides to human health, the mechanisms by which these species interact with the gut-brain axis are still emerging. This study highlights the remarkable potential of Bacteroides species to produce a wide spectrum of neurotransmitter-related or precursor metabolites, such as {gamma}-aminobutyric acid (GABA), L-tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), tyramine, normelatonin, L-tyrosine, norepinephrine, and spermine. Bacteroides neurometabolic signaling to the host may involve extracellular vesicles (EVs), potentially modulating the gut-brain axis and host immune responses. Notably, B. finegoldii exhibit distinct anti-inflammatory characteristics resulting from different molecular patterns, including GABA and EV production. Our findings suggest that Bacteroides and their EVs hold great promise as next-generation psychobiotics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>yousuf, b.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mottawea, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esmail, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nazemof, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bouhlel, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Njoku, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minic, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hammami, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.19.608651</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-Omics Unveils Strain-Specific Neuroactive Metabolite Production Linked to Inflammation Modulation by Bacteroides and Their Extracellular Vesicles]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.21.608999v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mitochondrial Dysfunction alters Early Endosome Distribution and Cargo Trafficking via ROS-Mediated Microtubule Reorganization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.21.608999v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitochondria are essential for bioenergetic functions and various cellular processes, including differentiation and immunity, their dysfunction leading to several pathologies. While these pathologies have traditionally been associated with ATP deficits, mitochondrial dysfunction also leads to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, inflammation, and alterations the function of other organelles. While the negative impact of mitochondrial dysfunction on lysosomal activity has been established, the relationship between mitochondria and the rest of the endocytic compartment remains poorly understood. Here, we show that inhibiting mitochondrial activity through genetic and chemical approaches causes early endosome (EE) perinuclear aggregation and impairs cargo delivery to lysosomes. This impairment is due to altered microtubule architecture and centrosome dynamics, mediated by ROS. Antioxidants can rescue these EE defects, underlying the pivotal role of mitochondria in maintaining cellular activities through ROS regulation of microtubule networks. Our findings highlight the significance of mitochondria beyond ATP production, emphasizing their critical involvement in endocytic trafficking and cellular homeostasis. These insights emphasize mitochondrias critical involvement in cellular activities and suggest novel targets for therapies to mitigate the effects of mitochondrial dysfunction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vishwakarma, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chikhi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Todkar, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouellet, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Germain, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.21.608999</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mitochondrial Dysfunction alters Early Endosome Distribution and Cargo Trafficking via ROS-Mediated Microtubule Reorganization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.22.609092v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Activation and Evasion of the FEAR Pathway by RNA Viruses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.22.609092v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We recently identified the FACT-ETS-1 Antiviral Response (FEAR) pathway as an interferon-independent innate immune response that restricts DNA virus replication and is countered by poxvirus-encoded A51R proteins (Rex et al., 2024, Nature Microbiology). The human FEAR pathway is mediated by the FACT complex, consisting of hSpt16 and SSRP1 subunits, that remodels chromatin to activate expression of the antiviral transcription factor, ETS-1. To counter this pathway, poxvirus A51R proteins tether SUMOylated hSpt16 subunits to microtubules to prevent ETS-1 expression. While these observations indicate a role for the FEAR pathway in DNA virus restriction, it was unclear if RNA viruses interact with this pathway. Here, we show that RNA viruses are also restricted by the FEAR pathway, yet encode mechanisms distinct from poxviruses to counter this response. We show vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), a rhabdovirus, utilizes its matrix (M) protein to promote proteasome-dependent degradation of SUMOylated hSpt16 and to block ETS-1 nuclear import. Strains encoding mutant M proteins that cannot antagonize the FEAR pathway exhibit replication defects in human cells that can be rescued by hSpt16 or ETS-1 depletion. Moreover, FACT inhibitor treatment enhanced the replication of oncolytic VSV strains encoding defective M proteins in restrictive cancer cells, suggesting FEAR pathway inhibition may improve oncolytic virotherapy. Strikingly, we provide evidence that the inability of VSV M to degrade SUMOylated Spt16 in lepidopteran insect cells results in abortive infection, suggesting VSV-Spt16 interactions influence virus host range. Lastly, we show that human and murine paramyxovirus target SUMOylated Spt16 proteins for degradation in human and murine cells utilizing a conserved N-terminal motif in their accessory "C" proteins. Collectively, our study illustrates that DNA and RNA viruses have independently evolved diverse mechanisms to antagonize SUMOylated host Spt16 proteins, underscoring the physiological importance of the FEAR pathway to antiviral immunity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rex, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Embry, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arulanandam, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spinelli, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diallo, J.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gammon, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.22.609092</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Activation and Evasion of the FEAR Pathway by RNA Viruses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.29.609126v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Balanced Mind and its Intrinsic Neural Timescales in Advanced Meditators 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.29.609126v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A balanced mind, or equanimity, cultivated through meditation and other spiritual practices, is considered one of the highest mental states. Its core features include deidentification and non-duality. Despite its significance, its neural correlates remain unknown. To address this, we acquired 128-channel EEG data (n = 103) from advanced and novice meditators (from the Isha Yoga tradition) and controls during an internal attention (breath-watching) and an external attention task (visual-oddball paradigm). We calculated the auto-correlation window (ACW), a measure of brains intrinsic neural timescales (INTs) and assessed equanimity through self-report questionnaires. Advanced meditators showed higher levels of equanimity and shorter duration of INTs (shorter ACW) during breath-watching, indicating deidentification with mental contents. Furthermore, they demonstrated no significant differences in INTs between tasks, indicating non-dual awareness. Finally, shorter duration of INTs correlated with the participants subjective perceptions of equanimity. In conclusion, we show that the shorter duration of brains INT may serve as a neural marker of equanimity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Malipeddi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sasidharan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venugopal, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ventura, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bauer, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>P.N., R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehrotra, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>John, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kutty, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Northoff, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.29.609126</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Balanced Mind and its Intrinsic Neural Timescales in Advanced Meditators]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.29.610293v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transglutaminase 2 function in glioblastoma tumor efferocytosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.29.610293v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glioblastoma is an aggressive and incurable type of brain cancer. Regions of tissue necrosis are a distinctive pathological feature of this cancer. These arise through thrombosis of tumor vasculature, driven by tumor-derived pro-coagulation factors. In studies of transglutaminase 2 (TGM2), we observed that TGM2 mRNA expression in glioblastoma was primarily in a subset of tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells with hypoxia gene expression signatures. Analysis of xenograft and human glioblastoma samples by immunohistochemistry showed that macrophages in the vicinity of necrotic regions expressed very high levels of TGM2. These macrophages were engaged in the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, a process known as efferocytosis. In cell culture, incubation of macrophages with apoptotic cells induced TGM2 expression in macrophages, and TGM2 inhibitors blocked efferocytosis. In patient-derived glioblastoma organoids cultured in 5% O2, a basal level of apoptosis was observed, and endogenous macrophages were observed in the process of clearing apoptotic cells. Clearance of apoptotic cells was reduced in organoids treated with a TGM2 inhibitor. Apoptotic cells and efferocytosis were both markedly lower in organoids grown in 20% O2. These data, together with previous work, define a model in which necrotic regions in glioblastoma induce hypoxia-driven apoptosis, which in turn promotes efferocytosis by macrophages. TGM2 is both a marker of efferocytosis and a target for efferocytosis inhibition in this process. Efferocytosis is a potent immunosuppressive mechanism, so this process provides an additional mechanism by which large glioblastoma tumors can evade immune responses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lui, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sevinc, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elgafarawi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munoz, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keillor, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sinclair, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Catana, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woulfe, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorimer, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.29.610293</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transglutaminase 2 function in glioblastoma tumor efferocytosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.04.608457v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mitochondrial transplantation: a novel therapy for liver ischemia/reperfusion injury 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.04.608457v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MINI-ABSTRACTMitochondrial transplantation prevented liver ischemia/reperfusion-induced hepatocellular injury and inflammation. In vivo intravital microscopy demonstrated that liver resident macrophages, namely Kupffer cells, rapidly sequestered, internalized and acidified transplanted mitochondria through the CRIg immunoreceptor. Mechanistically, both Kupffer cells and CRIg were necessary for the hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of mitochondrial transplantation.

STRUCTURED ABSTRACTO_ST_ABSObjectiveC_ST_ABSTo investigate the hepatoprotective effects of mitochondrial transplantation in a murine liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model.

Summary background dataSequential liver ischemia followed by reperfusion (I/R) is a pathophysiological process underlying hepatocellular injury in a number of clinical contexts, such as hemorrhagic shock/resuscitation, major elective liver surgery and organ transplantation. A unifying pathogenic consequence of I/R is mitochondrial dysfunction. Restoration of mitochondria via transplantation (MTx) has emerged as potential therapeutic in I/R. However, its role in liver I/R and its mechanisms of action remain poorly defined.

MethodsWe investigated the hepatoprotective effects of MTx in an in vivo mouse model of liver I/R and used in vivo imaging and various knockout and transgenic mouse models to determine the mechanism of protection.

ResultsWe found that I/R-induced hepatocellular injury was prevented by MTx, as measured by plasma ALT, AST and liver histology. Additionally, I/R-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine release (IL-6, TNF) was dampened by MTx, and anti-inflammatory IL-10 was enhanced. Moreover, MTx lowered neutrophil infiltration into both the liver sinusoids and lung BALF, suggesting a local and distant reduction in inflammation. Using in vivo intravital imaging, we found that I/R-subjected Kupffer cells (KCs), rapidly sequestered transplanted mitochondria, and acidified mitochondria within lysosomal compartments. To specifically interrogate the role of KCs, we depleted KCs using the diphtheria toxin-inducible Clec4f/iDTR transgenic mouse, then induced I/R, and discovered that KCs are necessary for the beneficial effects of MTx. Finally, we induced I/R in complement receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily (CRIg) knockout mice and found that CRIg was required for mitochondria capture by KCs and mitochondrial-mediated hepatoprotection.

ConclusionsIn this study, we demonstrated that CRIg-dependent capture of mitochondria by I/R-subjected Kupffer cells is a hepatoprotective mechanism in vivo. These data progress knowledge on the mechanisms of MTx and opens new avenues for clinical translation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mukkala, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ailenberg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaswani, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karakas, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldfarb, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbour, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gasner, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petrut, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jerkic, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreazza, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>dos Santos, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ni, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kapus, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kubes, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rotstein, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.04.608457</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mitochondrial transplantation: a novel therapy for liver ischemia/reperfusion injury]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.03.611065v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Legume genome structures and histories inferred from Cercis canadensis and Chamaecrista fasciculata genomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.03.611065v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
O_LIThe legume family originated ca. 70 million years ago and soon diversified into at least six lineages (now extant subfamilies). The signal of whole genome duplications (WGD) is apparent in species sampled from all six subfamilies. The early diversification has posed difficulties for resolving the legume backbone structure and the timing of WGDs.
C_LIO_LIIn this study, we report the genome sequences and annotations for Cercis canadensis (Cercidoideae) and Chamaecrista fasciculata (Caesalpinoideae) to help resolve the relative taxonomic placements along the legume backbone, the timings of WGDs relative to subfamily origins, and the ancestral legume karyotype.
C_LIO_LIAnalyses of genome assemblies from four subfamilies within Fabaceae show that the last common ancestor of all legumes likely had seven chromosomes, with a genome structure similar to the extant Cercis genome. Our analysis supports an allopolyploid origin of the subfamily Caesalpinoideae, with progenitors involving lineages along the backbone of the legume phylogeny.
C_LIO_LIA probable allopolyploid origin of Caesalpinoideae subfamily provides a partial explanation for the difficulty in resolving the structure of the legume backbone. The retained karyotype structure and lack of a WGD in the last 100+ Mya, underscore the utility of the Cercis genome as an ancestral reference for the legume family.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, H.-o.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stai, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hewavithana, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batra, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jordan, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walstead, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jenkins, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Webber, j.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grimwood, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lovell, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruna, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keymanesh, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eichenberger, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmutz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodstein, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barry, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sankoff, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leebens-Mack, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cannon, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.03.611065</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Legume genome structures and histories inferred from Cercis canadensis and Chamaecrista fasciculata genomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.09.611991v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional separation of long-range inputs by intrinsic dynamics of dorsal raphe 5-HT neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.09.611991v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Monoaminergic nuclei such as the serotonergic dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) receive synaptic inputs containing functionally distinct streams of information, yet the dimensionality of the resulting output population code and its cellular underpinning are currently unknown. By combining electrophysiological and computational approaches, here we uncover separable neural encoding of two excitatory inputs conveying disjunct information to DRN 5-HT neurons - the lateral habenula (LHb) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Dual-color opsin strategies revealed that a population of 5-HT neurons receive inputs from both mPFC and LHb. Subthreshold excitatory postsynaptic potentials triggered by both inputs were largely indistinguishable, yet suprathreshold spiking behavior exhibited input-specific latencies and dispersion statistics. A support vector machine classifier demonstrated that input identity can be accurately decoded from spike timing, but not subthreshold events, of under ten 5-HT neurons. Upon examining the intrinsic cellular mechanisms in 5-HT neurons that couple EPSPs to spiking dynamics, we uncovered two likely candidate mechanisms: a low-threshold calcium conductance that selectively boosts slow excitatory inputs, and a subthreshold, voltage-dependent membrane noise that generates variation of spike latency and jitter. Stochastic simulations suggest that these two intrinsic properties of 5-HT neurons are sufficient to transform LHb and mPFC inputs into distinct output spiking patterns. These results reveal that hub-like networks like the DRN can segregate distinct informational streams by a cell-intrinsic mechanism. The resulting emergent population spike synchrony code provides a means for the DRN to widely broadcast these streams as a multiplexed signal.

Significance statementPhylogenetically old neuromodulatory systems in the brain, such as the serotonergic dorsal raphe nucleus, are compact yet richly innervated structures. Here, we use the raphe as a testbed to ask how distinct informational sources to hub-like networks are processed or integrated into a coherent neural code. Using electrophysiological and computational methods, including biophysically grounded stochastic simulations, we find that intrinsic noise mechanisms in serotonergic neurons are critical to transform approximately matched subthreshold excitation into distinct spike timing profiles. Thus, cell-intrinsic noise mechanisms can effectively synthesize a spike synchrony code that, we hypothesize, multiplexes input information to hub-like networks at the population level even in the absence of strong local circuit interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lynn, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naud, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maler, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beique, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.09.611991</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional separation of long-range inputs by intrinsic dynamics of dorsal raphe 5-HT neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.09.612128v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ultrastructural analysis of the brain endothelium by electron tomography 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.09.612128v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a powerful imaging technique, yielding ultrastructural investigation of organic and non-organic samples. Despite its ability to reach nanoscale resolutions, conventional TEM presents a major disadvantage by only acquiring two-dimensional snapshots, thus hindering our volumetric understanding of samples. Electron tomography (ET) overcomes this limitation by offering detailed views of a thin specimen in 3 dimensions (3D). This technique is widely used in biology and has expanded our understanding of mitochondrial structure or synaptic organization. Proper brain functioning is highly reliable on a constant nutritional support through its microvasculature lined by endothelial cells. These unique cells form a selective and protective barrier, known as the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which limits the entrance of blood-borne molecules into the brain. In pathological conditions, the BBB is disrupted, resulting in neuronal damage. Understanding the fine changes underlying BBB disruption requires advanced imaging tools such as ET, to detect the finest changes in endothelial ultrastructure. This manuscript briefly explains how TEM and ET function, and then provides a detailed, didactic method for sample preparation, tomogram generation and 3D segmentation of brain endothelial cells using ET.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kotchetkov, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lacoste, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.09.612128</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ultrastructural analysis of the brain endothelium by electron tomography]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.19.613929v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neuronal lipid droplets play a conserved and sex-biased role in maintaining whole-body energy homeostasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.19.613929v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ABSTRACTLipids are essential for neuron development and physiology. Yet, the central hubs that coordinate lipid supply and demand in neurons remain unclear. Here, we combine invertebrate and vertebrate models to establish the presence and functional significance of neuronal lipid droplets (LD) in vivo. We find that LD are normally present in neurons in a non-uniform distribution across the brain, and demonstrate triglyceride metabolism enzymes and lipid droplet-associated proteins control neuronal LD formation through both canonical and recently-discovered pathways. Appropriate LD regulation in neurons has conserved and male-biased effects on whole-body energy homeostasis across flies and mice, specifically neurons that couple environmental cues with energy homeostasis. Mechanistically, LD-derived lipids support neuron function by providing phospholipids to sustain mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis. Together, our work identifies a conserved role for LD as the organelle that coordinates lipid management in neurons, with implications for our understanding of mechanisms that preserve neuronal lipid homeostasis and function in health and disease.

HIGHLIGHTSO_LILipid droplets (LD) normally form in neurons across species Neuronal LD are regulated by a conserved gene network
C_LIO_LINeuronal LD regulation plays a conserved and sex-biased role in maintaining energy homeostasis
C_LIO_LILD regulation supports ER and mitochondrial function in hunger-activated neurons
C_LI

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/613929v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (54K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1936e92org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@40478aorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@18d5faorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@882ee9_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Manceau, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Majeur, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cherian, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wat, L. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisher, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Labarre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hollman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prakash, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Audet, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Depaauw-Holt, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogers, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bosson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xi, J. J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Callow, C. A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoosefi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shahraki, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, Y. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hui, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>VanderZwaag, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bouyakdan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodaros, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kotchetkov, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daneault, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fallahpour, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tetreault, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tremblay, M.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruiz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lacoste, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parker, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy-Royal, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fulton, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rideout, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alquier, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.19.613929</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neuronal lipid droplets play a conserved and sex-biased role in maintaining whole-body energy homeostasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.18.613561v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Broadly Reactive Anti-VHH Antibodies for Characterizing, Blocking, or Activating Nanobody-Based CAR-T Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.18.613561v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Production of chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapies is dependent on the use of antibody reagents to label, isolate, and/or expand T cell products. We sought to create antibody-based tools that directly target the variable domain of heavy-chain only antibodies (VHH or nanobody) used in some CAR molecules. Two murine antibodies were identified which bind to distinct epitopes in the conserved framework regions of llama-derived VHHs, and not to human VH domains. We produced a high-quality dual-clonal anti-VHH antibody product which reacts with over 98% of VHH proteins, regardless of their antigenic specificity. Anti-VHH binding did not disrupt VHH/antigen interaction, and thus could be used for secondary labeling to assess cellular or tissue reactivity of VHH molecules. Despite not interfering with antigen binding, anti-VHH antibodies potently inhibited VHH-CAR function, blocking CAR-T activation and cytolytic killing of target cells. When immobilized, anti-VHH antibodies could also be applied for activation and expansion of VHH CAR-T cells, inducing 730-fold mean expansion, >94% CAR purity, with retained CD8/CD4 heterogeneity. Functionally, anti-VHH antibody-expanded CAR-T cells maintained strong antigen specific activity without functional exhaustion. Overall, these data identify a useful new tool for understanding and manipulating VHH-based CAR-T cells.

Funding SourceThis work was funded by the National Research Council Canada Disruptive Technology Solutions Cell and Gene Therapy challenge program, and BioCanRx

Declaration of interestsThe anti-VHH antibodies reported here are the subject of a provisional patent application by the National Research Council of Canada
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McComb, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dupont, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shepherd, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennychen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marcil, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arbabi-Ghahroudi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tamblyn, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raphael, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheff, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hussack, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moraitis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gadoury, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fortin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parat, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Page, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lippens, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joubert, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamoureux, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malenfant, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acchione, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pohankova, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schrag, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maurice, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lefebvre, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coutu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El Bakkouri, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hill, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tremblay, T.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faulkes, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Webb, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zafer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pon, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weeratna, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.18.613561</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Broadly Reactive Anti-VHH Antibodies for Characterizing, Blocking, or Activating Nanobody-Based CAR-T Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.24.614809v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Caspase-Activated DNase Localizes to Cancer Causing Translocation Breakpoints During Cell Differentiation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.24.614809v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Caspase activated DNase (CAD) induced DNA breaks promote cell differentiation and therapy-induced cancer cell resistance. CAD targeting activity is assumed to be unique to each condition, as differentiation and cancer genesis are divergent cell fates. Here, we made the surprising discovery that a subset of CAD-bound targets in differentiating muscle cells are the same genes involved in the genesis of cancer-causing translocations. In muscle cells, a prominent CAD-bound gene pair is Pax7 and Foxo1a, the mismatched reciprocal loci that give rise to alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. We show that CAD-targeted breaks in the Pax7 gene are physiologic to reduce Pax7 expression, a prerequisite for muscle cell differentiation. A cohort of these CAD gene targets are also conserved in early differentiating T cells and include genes that spur leukemia/lymphoma translocations. Our results suggest the CAD targeting of translocation prone oncogenic genes is non-pathologic biology and aligns with initiation of cell fate transitions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alsowaida, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larsen, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hachmer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azimi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arezza, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunette, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tur, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palii, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albraidy, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sorensen, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brand, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dilworth, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Megeney, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.24.614809</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Caspase-Activated DNase Localizes to Cancer Causing Translocation Breakpoints During Cell Differentiation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.25.614925v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CCR5 antagonists as neuroprotective and stroke recovery enhancing agents: a preclinical systematic review and meta-analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.25.614925v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) antagonists may improve both acute stroke outcome and long-term recovery. Despite their evaluation in ongoing clinical trials, gaps remain in the evidence supporting their use. With a panel of patients with lived experiences of stroke, we performed a systematic review of animal models of stroke that administered a CCR5 antagonist and assessed infarct size or behavioural outcomes. MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Embase were searched. Article screening and data extraction were completed in duplicate. We pooled outcomes using random effects meta-analyses. We assessed risk of bias using the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) tool and alignment with the Stroke Treatment Academic Industry Roundtable (STAIR) and Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation Roundtable (SRRR) recommendations. Five studies representing 10 experiments were included. CCR5 antagonists reduced infarct volume (standard mean difference -1.02; 95% confidence interval -1.58 to -0.46) when compared to stroke-only controls. Varied timing of CCR5 administration (pre- or post-stroke induction) produced similar benefit. CCR5 antagonists significantly improved 11 of 16 behavioural outcomes reported. High risk of bias was present in all studies and critical knowledge gaps in the preclinical evidence were identified using STAIR/SRRR. CCR5 antagonists demonstrate promise; however, rigorously designed preclinical studies that better align with STAIR/SRRR recommendations and downstream clinical trials are warranted. Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO CRD42023393438).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sharif, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeffers, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fergusson, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bapuji, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicholls, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Humphrey, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnston, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchell, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Speirs, M.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stronghill, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vuckovic, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wulf, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shorr, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dowlatshahi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbett, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lalu, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.25.614925</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CCR5 antagonists as neuroprotective and stroke recovery enhancing agents: a preclinical systematic review and meta-analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.27.615406v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MetaLab Platform Enables Comprehensive DDA and DIA Metaproteomics Analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.27.615406v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metaproteomics studies the collective protein composition of complex microbial communities, providing insights into microbial roles in various environments. Despite its importance, metaproteomic data analysis is challenging due to the datas large and heterogeneous nature. While Data-Independent Acquisition (DIA) mode enhances proteomics sensitivity, it traditionally requires Data-Dependent Acquisition (DDA) results to build the library for peptide identification.

This paper introduces an updated version of MetaLab, a software solution that streamlines metaproteomic analysis by supporting both DDA and DIA modes across various mass spectrometry (MS) platforms, including Orbitrap and timsTOF. MetaLabs key feature is its ability to perform DIA analysis without DDA results, allowing more experimental flexibility. It incorporates a deep learning strategy to train a neural network model, enhancing the accuracy and coverage of DIA results.

Evaluations using diverse datasets demonstrate MetaLabs robust performance in accuracy and sensitivity. Benchmarks from large-scale human gut microbiome studies show that MetaLab increases peptide identification by 2.7 times compared to conventional methods. MetaLab is a versatile tool that facilitates comprehensive and flexible metaproteomic data analysis, aiding researchers in exploring microbial communities functionality and dynamics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cheng, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ning, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayne, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Figeys, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.27.615406</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MetaLab Platform Enables Comprehensive DDA and DIA Metaproteomics Analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.28.615578v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Variants in Lrrk2 and Snca deficiency do not alter the course of primary encephalitis due to neurotropic reovirus T3D in newborn mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.28.615578v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Variants of the leucine-rich repeat kinase-2 (LRRK2) and -synuclein (SNCA) genes are associated with Parkinsons disease risk. We previously demonstrated that two Lrrk2 knock-in variants as well as Snca expression alter survival rates from combined pneumonitis and encephalitis following intranasal inoculation of newborn mice with a double-stranded RNA virus: respiratory-enteric-orphan virus, serotype-3 strain Dearing (reovirus T3D). Here, we examined whether outcomes of direct inoculation of the brain by reovirus T3D, which invariably causes lethal encephalitis within 15 days, would also be modified by variants in Lrrk2 and Snca. When we inoculated newborn mice intracerebrally with 5x102 plaque-forming units of reovirus T3D, we found that, when compared to wild-type littermates, Lrrk2 p.G2019S mutant mice and kinase-dead p.D1994S mutant animals showed the same time-to-death intervals post-infection, revealed no sex difference, and had similar viral titres in the brain. Furthermore, the reduction or absence of endogenous -synuclein also did not alter the course of encephalitis in parallel studies. These outcomes are in contrast to those following the intranasal inoculation paradigm of newborn mice, in which Lrrk2 and wild-type -synuclein were both protective in infection outcomes. Together, these findings suggest that the Parkinsons disease-linked Lrrk2 and Snca genes contribute predominantly to systemic, innate responses by the host following reovirus T3D exposure.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lunn, M. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rousso, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomlinson, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlossmacher, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.28.615578</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Variants in Lrrk2 and Snca deficiency do not alter the course of primary encephalitis due to neurotropic reovirus T3D in newborn mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.27.615488v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Zebrafish glial-vascular interactions progressively expand over the course of brain development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.27.615488v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glial-vascular interactions are critical for the formation and maintenance of brain blood vessels and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in mammals, but their role in zebrafish is not well understood. Our previous work has detailed the timeline of BBB functional maturation in zebrafish, revealing a conserved mechanism of BBB induction through the suppression of endothelial transcytosis. Yet, as opposed to extensive research on glial-vascular interactions in rodents, such interactions remain largely overlooked in the zebrafish model system. Here, we focus on glial-vascular development in the zebrafish brain, leveraging three glial gene promoters: gfap (glial fibrillary acidic protein), glast (an astrocyte-specific glutamate transporter), and glastini (a new, shortened, equally effective version of the Glast promoter). Using these glial promoters, sparse labeling revealed fewer glial-vascular interactions during early larval stages, with both glial coverage and contact area increasing as the zebrafish brain matured. We then generated stable transgenic lines for both the Glast and Glastini promoters and observed similar increases in glial coverage during larval development, starting at [~]30% coverage at 3 days post-fertilization (dpf) and peaking at [~]60% at 10 dpf. Ultrastructural assessment of glial-vascular interactions using electron microscopy (EM) confirmed a progressive increase in glial coverage over larval development, with maximal coverage reaching [~]70% in adult zebrafish, significantly lower than the nearly 100% coverage observed in mammals. Finally, immunogold-EM labeling confirmed that cells identified as glia in aforementioned morphological analyses were indeed Glast-positive. Taken together, our results identify the temporal profile of glial-vascular maturation in the zebrafish brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gall, L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stains, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freitas-Andrade, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, B. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Megason, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lacoste, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Brown, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.27.615488</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Zebrafish glial-vascular interactions progressively expand over the course of brain development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.08.617247v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Oxygen chemoreceptor inhibition by dopamine D2 receptors in isolated zebrafish gills 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.08.617247v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dopamine is an essential modulator of oxygen sensing and control of ventilation and was the first neurotransmitter described in the carotid body. Little is known of the evolutionary significance of dopamine in oxygen sensing, or whether it plays a similar role in anamniotes. In the model vertebrate, zebrafish (Danio rerio), presynaptic dopamine D2 receptor expression was demonstrated in gill neuroepithelial cells (NECs)--analogues of mammalian oxygen chemoreceptors; however, a mechanism for dopamine and D2 in oxygen sensing in the gills had not been defined. The present study tested the hypothesis that presynaptic D2 receptors provide a feedback mechanism that attenuates the chemoreceptor response to hypoxia. Using an isolated gill preparation from Tg(elavl3:GCaMP6s) zebrafish, we measured hypoxia-induced changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in NECs and postsynaptic neurons. Activation of D2 with dopamine or specific D2 agonist, quinpirole, decreased hypoxic responses in NECs; whereas D2 antagonist, domperidone, had the opposite effect. Addition of SQ22536, an adenylyl cyclase (AC) inhibitor, decreased the effect of hypoxia on [Ca2+]i, similar to dopamine. Activation of AC by forskolin partially recovered the suppressive effect of dopamine on the Ca2+ response to hypoxia. Further, we demonstrate that the response to hypoxia in postsynaptic sensory neurons was dependent upon innervation with NECs, and was subject to modulation by activation of presynaptic D2. Our results provide the first evidence of neurotransmission of the hypoxic signal at the NEC-nerve synapse in the gill and suggest that a presynaptic, modulatory role for dopamine in oxygen sensing arose early in vertebrate evolution.

Key pointsO_LIFor the first time, we present an experimental model that permits imaging of intracellular Ca2+ in identified vertebrate oxygen chemoreceptors using GCaMP in a whole/intact sensing organ.
C_LIO_LIThe hypoxic response of zebrafish chemoreceptors is attenuated by dopamine through a mechanism involving D2 receptors and adenylyl cyclase.
C_LIO_LIZebrafish oxygen chemoreceptors send a hypoxic signal to postsynaptic (sensory) neurons.
C_LIO_LIPostsynaptic neuronal responses to hypoxia are modulated by presynaptic D2 receptors, suggesting a link between chemoreceptor inhibition by dopamine and modulation of the hypoxic ventilatory response.
C_LIO_LIOur results suggests that a modulatory role for dopamine in oxygen sensing arose early in vertebrate evolution.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Reed, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jonz, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.08.617247</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Oxygen chemoreceptor inhibition by dopamine D2 receptors in isolated zebrafish gills]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.15.618472v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The ATP-dependent protease ClpYQ degrades cell division proteins DivIVA and Mbl in Bacillus subtilis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.15.618472v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ATP-dependent proteases play key roles in bacterial protein quality control and regulation of cellular processes. ClpYQ and ClpXP are ATP-dependent proteases in the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis. To date, no substrate proteins of B. subtilis ClpYQ have been characterized. The protease component encoded by clpQ is synthetically lethal with clpP and the two genes are non-essential individually, suggesting potentially redundant roles for ClpYQ and ClpXP. Previous quantitative proteomic data predicted that B. subtilis proteins DivIVA and Mbl, components of the divisome and elongasome respectively, are potential substrates of ClpYQ. The role of DivIVA and Mbl in cell division and elongation suggests a significant role of ClpYQ in regulating cell division through targeted degradation of key divisome and elongasome proteins. Here we confirm that DivIVA and Mbl are degraded by ClpYQ both in vitro and in vivo, and thus identify the first two substrates of ClpYQ in B. subtilis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lasnosky, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darnowski, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brazeau-Henrie, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Labana, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boddy, C. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.15.618472</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The ATP-dependent protease ClpYQ degrades cell division proteins DivIVA and Mbl in Bacillus subtilis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.17.618843v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Developmental changes in the control of primary motoneuron excitability by the M-current in larval zebrafish 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.17.618843v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spinal circuits for locomotion undergo maturation during early development. How intrinsic properties of individual spinal neuron populations change throughout motor maturation is not fully understood. Here we identify for the first time the presence of the persistent outward potassium current known as the M-current in primary motoneurons of larval zebrafish. We show that the M-current controls excitability of primary motoneurons and its role in excitability control changes during development such that the magnitude of the M-current in primary motoneurons transiently increases at 3 days post-fertilization. These findings reveal a novel mechanism by which control over excitability of primary motoneurons in larval zebrafish is ensured, underscoring developmental changes in ion current contributions to intrinsic properties. Broadly, these data support the M-current as a conserved means to control motoneuron excitability across vertebrates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gaudreau, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bui, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.17.618843</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Developmental changes in the control of primary motoneuron excitability by the M-current in larval zebrafish]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.27.620512v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Insights on macrosynteny, 'rebel' genes, and a new sex-linked region in anurans from comparative genomics and a new chromosome-level genome for the western chorus frog 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.27.620512v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Amphibians have unique genome characteristics including slow karyotypic evolution and cytogenetically undifferentiated sex chromosomes. Yet our understanding of amphibian genomes has not kept pace with that of mammals and birds, partially due to scarce genomic resources and challenges associated with large genome sizes and high repetitiveness. We assembled and annotated a chromosome-level genome for the western chorus frog (Pseudacris triseriata), a species of conservation concern and importance in evolutionary research. Comparison of our new genome with other chromosome-level frog genomes reveals exceptionally conserved evolution of 13 chromosomal elements and gene orders across over 200 million years of anuran evolution. We uncovered  rebel Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) genes that have been duplicated in almost all frog species, have been transposed, and showed lineage-specific synteny patterns - possibly relating to key traits such as frog advertisement calls and mitochondrial genome evolution. We also assembled a complete mitochondrial genome and found heteroplasmy of both point polymorphisms and length variation in the tandem repeat arrays in the control region. Double-digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing analysis indicates that the western chorus frog has an XY sex system and the sex-linked region involved an [~]1Mb indel structural variant.

Overall, our study provides important genomic resources for treefrogs and other anurans, documents highly conserved chromosomal evolution and gene orders in anurans, identifies  rebel genes that might be important for frog evolution, and reveals a new sex-linked region with indel structural variants in anurans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lougheed, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ethier, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trudeau, V. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lougheed, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.27.620512</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Insights on macrosynteny, 'rebel' genes, and a new sex-linked region in anurans from comparative genomics and a new chromosome-level genome for the western chorus frog]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.28.620578v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional interaction between transcription factor Sfp1 and the NuA4 complex in response to nutrient availability 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.28.620578v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ribosome biogenesis is a crucial process requiring enormous transcriptional output. In budding yeast, the expression of 138 ribosomal protein (RP) genes and over 200 ribosome biogenesis (RiBi) genes is regulated by an intricate network of factors, including the nutrient-sensitive transcription activator Sfp1 and the NuA4 coactivator/acetyltransferase complex. Nutrient starvation or inhibition of TORC1 by rapamycin leads to repression of RP and RiBi genes, in part through blocking Sfp1 nuclear localization and NuA4-dependent chromatin acetylation. Here, we demonstrate that Sfp1 physically interacts with NuA4 in a TORC1-dependent manner. Our results indicate that Sfp1, along with NuA4, regulate the transcription of RiBi and RP genes via distinct mechanisms depending on promoter architectures. Sfp1 promotes histone acetylation at the promoters without affecting NuA4 recruitment. In contrast, NuA4 does impact Sfp1 binding but specifically at two classes of RP genes. Importantly, NuA4 acetylates Sfp1 at lysines 655 and 657, regulating its function. Cells expressing Sfp1 with acetyl-mimicking mutations exhibit increased expression of RiBi genes while RP genes remain stable. However, the same mutants lead to the loss of Sfp1 binding/activity at RiBi genes when cells are under non-optimal growth conditions. Mimicking constitutive acetylation of Sfp1 also limits the transcriptional burst of RP genes upon addition of glucose. Altogether, these results draw an intricate functional relationship between Sfp1 and NuA4 to control ribosome biogenesis, fine-tuning transcription output in different growth conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joly-Beauparlant, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bianco, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cote, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herrmann, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Droit, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Downey, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nourani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cote, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.28.620578</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional interaction between transcription factor Sfp1 and the NuA4 complex in response to nutrient availability]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.27.620431v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intracellular amphiregulin is critical for heterochromatin maintenance and genomic stability in response to replication stress in BRCA2mut/+mammary epithelial cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.27.620431v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The EGFR ligand, amphiregulin (AREG) is a key mammary ductal cell differentiation and growth factor. AREG has also been detected in the nucleus of some epithelial cancers although the physiological stimulus and nuclear role are not known. Using immortalized mammary epithelial cells (MECs), we have discovered that AREG undergoes retrograde trafficking to the nuclear membrane (nAREG) in close proximity with lamin A where it is required to both maintain constitutive heterochromatin and transiently increases H3K9me3 in response to replication stress (RS). RS resulted in an increase in AREG protein, enhanced nuclear membrane prelamin A and increased heterochromatin protein, HP1. In contrast, siRNA-mediated depletion of endogenous AREG reduced HP1 and SUV39h1 proteins accompanied by decompaction and reduction in H3K9me3 heterochromatin despite the presence of soluble AREG. The nuclear membrane (NM) was also impacted resulting in dissipation of the Ran-GTPase gradient, reduced matrix lamin A with increased invaginations. Moreover, AREG knockdown slowed replication fork speed, increased new replication origins and enhanced global transcription while promoting and exacerbating DNA damage in response to RS. DNA damage was most pronounced in AREG-depleted BRCA2mut/+ MECs which entered senescence following RS, indicating an important nAREG-dependent role in genomic stabilization in these cells. Overall, this study reveals a novel and fundamental role for nAREG in heterochromatin maintenance and the response to RS, that is most critical in BRCA2mut/+ MECs deficient in replication fork protection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zein, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pratt, C. M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.27.620431</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intracellular amphiregulin is critical for heterochromatin maintenance and genomic stability in response to replication stress in BRCA2mut/+mammary epithelial cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.28.620660v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rapid adaptation and increased genetic parallelism in experimental metapopulations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.28.620660v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Natural populations are often spatially structured, meaning they are best described as metapopulations composed of subpopulations connected by migration. We know little about how the topology of connections in metapopulations impacts adaptive evolution. Topologies that concentrate dispersing individuals through a central hub can accelerate adaptation above that of a well-mixed system in some models, however empirical support is lacking. We provide evidence to support this claim and show acceleration is accompanied by high rates of parallel evolution resulting from a reduced probability that rare beneficial mutations are stochastically lost. Our results suggest metapopulation topology can be a potent force driving evolutionary dynamics and patterns of genomic repeatability in structured landscapes such as those involving the spread of pathogens or invasive species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chakraborty, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kassen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.28.620660</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rapid adaptation and increased genetic parallelism in experimental metapopulations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.29.620938v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Protocol for Neuralized Murine Olfactory Organoids 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.29.620938v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chronic olfactory dysfunction can be associated with parkinsonism, dementia, demyelinating disorders and schizophrenia. The olfactory epithelium (OE) represents an interface between the environment and the central nervous system. Mounting evidence implicates environmental factors in neurodegenerative disease processes, necessitating investigations into their interactions with the hosts genome. In Parkinson disease, hyposmia often precedes motor symptoms, raising the possibility that the OE could be involved in disease initiation. We previously demonstrated abundant -synuclein expression in mammalian OE as well as aggregate formation in the olfactory nerve. Current in vitro models of OE are limited, relying primarily on post-mitotic cultures established from biopsies. To address this gap, we present a method for generating olfactory organoids of OE from adult mice. These organoids comprise neuronal and non-neuronal cell types, including sustentacular cells, thus encompassing structural elements of OE in situ. Expression of the olfactory sensory neuron marker OMP and Parkinsons-linked -synuclein was also detected in olfactory organoids, highlighting their potential usefulness to mechanistic research. We established OE organoids that were kept in culture for up to 3 weeks. In addition, we inoculated organoids with the neurotropic vesicular stomatitis virus to model infections. We conclude that this olfactory organoid model system offers a new platform for studying airborne environmental factors in their interactions with a genetically defined host; this, to study OE biology and enable the exploration of disease processes within olfactory tissue.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ozgun, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suman, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coulombe, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>aSCENT-PD Investigators,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomlinson, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woulfe, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlossmacher, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.29.620938</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Protocol for Neuralized Murine Olfactory Organoids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.04.621924v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Analyses of transposable elements in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi support evolutionary parallels with fungal plant pathogens 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.04.621924v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transposable elements (TEs) are repetitive DNA sequences that excise or create copies that are inserted elsewhere in the genome. Their expansion shapes genome variability and evolution by impacting gene expression and rearrangement rates. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are beneficial plant symbionts with large, TE-rich genomes, and recent findings showed these elements vary significantly in abundance, evolution, and regulation among model AMF strains. Here, we aimed to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of TE function and evolution in AMF by investigating assembled genomes from representatives of all known families. We uncovered multiple, family-specific bursts of insertions in different species, indicating variable past and ongoing TE activity contributing to the diversification of AMF lineages. We also found that TEs are preferentially located within and around candidate effectors/secreted proteins, as well as in proximity to promoters. Altogether, these findings support the role of TEs in promoting the diversity in proteins involved in molecular dialogues with hosts and, more generally, in driving gene regulation. The mechanisms of TEs evolution we observed in these prominent plant symbionts bear striking similarities to those of many filamentous plant pathogens.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Oliveira, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lane, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mugambi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yildirir, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicol, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kokkoris, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banchini, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dadej, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dettman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stefani, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corradi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.04.621924</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Analyses of transposable elements in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi support evolutionary parallels with fungal plant pathogens]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.06.622240v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Canadian science graduate stipends lie below the poverty line 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.06.622240v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite the critical role of graduate students in the Canadian research ecosystem1, students report high levels of financial stress2. We collected graduate minimum stipends and tuition data from all university graduate programs in Canada in Ecological Sciences/Biology and Physics, along with cost of living measures for the cities in which they reside. This data is heterogeneous, complex, and in many cases simply not publicly available, making it challenging for potential graduate students to understand what support they should expect. We show Canadian minimum stipends are at values almost exclusively below the poverty threshold. Only two of 140 degree programs offered stipends which meet cost of living measures after subtracting tuition and fees. For graduate programs which offered a minimum guaranteed stipend, the average minimum domestic stipend is short [~]Can$9,468 (international [~]Can$16,899) of the poverty threshold after accounting for payment of tuition and fees. On average, approximately 34% of a minimum stipend is returned to the university by a domestic Canadian student and 78% (57% median) by an international student, though there are important caveats with the international student comparison. While international comparison is difficult, the highest Canadian minimum stipend is roughly equivalent or lower than the lowest stipend within the largest dataset of United States of America (US) Biology stipends 3, and lower than the United Kingdom (UK) stipend. University endowment correlates with minimum stipend amount but intra- and inter-institutional differences suggest it is not solely institutional wealth which improves graduate pay. Canada is behind comparable countries in funding the next generation of scientists. Canadians who desire higher STEM education have three options: hope for significantly higher guaranteed support from a supervisor, department, or awards; incur substantial debts; or emigrate.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fraass, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bailey, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karunakumar, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wishart, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.06.622240</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Canadian science graduate stipends lie below the poverty line]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.06.622368v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Differential Equation Modeling of Cell Population Dynamics in Skeletal Muscle Regeneration from Single-Cell Transcriptomic Data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.06.622368v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Skeletal muscle regeneration is a complex process orchestrated by diverse cell populations within a dynamic niche. In response to muscle damage and intercellular signaling, these cells undergo cell fate and migration decisions including quiescence, activation, proliferation, differentiation, infiltration, apoptosis, and exfiltration. The emergence of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) studies of muscle regeneration offers a significant opportunity to refine models of regeneration and enhance our understanding of cellular interactions. To better understand how crosstalk between cell types governs cell fate decisions and cell population dynamics, we developed a novel non-linear ordinary differential equation model guided by scRNA-seq data. Our model consists of 9 variables and 19 parameters, capturing the dynamics of key myogenic lineage and immune cell types. We calibrated time-series scRNA-seq data to units of cells per cubic millimeter of tissue and fit our models parameters to capture the observed dynamics, validating on an independent time series. The model successfully captures regeneration dynamics, particularly after incorporating a novel type of regulatory interaction between M2 macrophages and satellite cells that has been hypothesized in the literature. Our model lays a foundation for future computational explorations of muscle regeneration, modeling of disease conditions, and in silico testing of therapeutic strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Al-Ghazawi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perkins, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.06.622368</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Differential Equation Modeling of Cell Population Dynamics in Skeletal Muscle Regeneration from Single-Cell Transcriptomic Data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.07.622487v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal genotype and nuclear organization as driving factors in host plant nutrient acquisition and stable carbon capture 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.07.622487v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
O_LIArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are obligate root symbionts of most plants that improve plant growth by transferring nutrients into plant roots through networks of soil hyphae. These hyphal networks represent a carbon sink in soil; thus, it has been suggested that these fungi can also boost atmospheric carbon storage, highlighting their potential role in managing greenhouse emissions. In this study, we aimed to determine whether certain AMF genotypes and nuclear organizations (homokaryons vs heterokaryons) are associated with higher rates of host plant yield and carbon storage.
C_LIO_LIWe compared Sudan-grass (Sorghum x drummondii) AMF inoculation across eight strains of Rhizophagus irregularis: four homokaryotic and four heterokaryotic strains. Sudan-grass was grown in a growth chamber, which included 13C-CO2 pulse labeling to track plant carbon into AMF.
C_LIO_LIAMF inoculation increased total and belowground biomass, as well as phosphorous, magnesium, and manganese uptake in the host. Heterokaryons led to greater belowground biomass, as well as less variable increases in shoot phosphorous. Mycorrhizal inputs to soil mineral-associated organic carbon - a highly persistent carbon pool with slow turnover - were overall greater in heterokaryons than in homokaryons but varied significantly among strains.
C_LIO_LIThis indicates that the potential for carbon storage by mycorrhizal carbon inputs varies based on fungal genomic identity and nuclear organization. Overall, inoculation improved the yield of Sudan-grass and resulted in significant inter-strain variation in persistent carbon contributions to the soil. This work highlights the importance of considering genotype and nuclear identity in assessments of AMF as bio-stimulants and drivers of carbon storage.
C_LI

Societal Impact StatementIt is crucial to develop strategies for reducing our continued excessive global increases in fertilizer applications and to offset CO2 emissions. The pervasive underground hyphal networks of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) present an enticing bio-stimulant and carbon sink. We inoculated Sudan-grass plants with eight genotypically distinct strains of a model AMF species to determine if strain identity affects plant growth and carbon storage. We found that plant biomass, nutrient acquisition and stable soil carbon inputs varied among strains, emphasizing the importance of AMF strain identity in the selection of AMF inoculants for optimizing crop yield and carbon storage.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ferguson, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mugambi, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villeneuve-Laroche, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kallenbach, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antunes, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corradi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.07.622487</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal genotype and nuclear organization as driving factors in host plant nutrient acquisition and stable carbon capture]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.12.623292v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metaproteomics reveals age-specific alterations of gut microbiome in hamsters with SARS-CoV-2 infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.12.623292v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The gut microbiomes pivotal role in health and disease is well-established. SARS-CoV-2 infection often causes gastrointestinal symptoms and is associated with changes of the microbiome in both human and animal studies. While hamsters serve as important animal models for coronavirus research, there exists a notable void in the functional characterization of their microbiomes with metaproteomics. In this study, we present a workflow for analyzing the hamster gut microbiome, including a metagenomics-derived hamster gut microbial protein database and a data-independent acquisition metaproteomics method. Using this workflow, we identified 32419 protein groups from the fecal microbiomes of young and old hamsters infected with SARS-CoV-2. We showed age-specific changes in the expressions of microbiome functions and host proteins associated with microbiomes, providing further functional insight into the dysbiosis and aberrant cross-talks between the microbiome and host in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Altogether this study established and demonstrated the capability of metaproteomics for the study of hamster microbiomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Creskey, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angulo, F. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tamming, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fekete, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ning, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodrigues, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodovalho, V. d. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vinolo, M. A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Figeys, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trottein, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.12.623292</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metaproteomics reveals age-specific alterations of gut microbiome in hamsters with SARS-CoV-2 infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.13.622718v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Characteristics of early career health researchers and experiences of burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.13.622718v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic disrupted research globally. How it impacted Canadian early-career health researchers (ECHRs) remains unclear. We administered a survey to understand the composition of ECHRs in Canada, their job experiences, and experiences of burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic.

MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted in May 2023 of Canadian ECHRs defined as within 7 years of their first independent research position. Quantitative analyses included a description of respondents by research pillar, socio-demographic and workplace characteristics, and the prevalence of burnout, disengagement or exhaustion. Sample characteristics were compared to national data on ECHRs from a Canadian funding agency. Thematic analysis of free-text responses was also conducted.

ResultsA total of 225 respondents met the eligibility criteria. Most respondents were assistant professors and characteristics of our sample were like the national data. The COVID-19 pandemic posed many challenges to student recruitment, and emotional support of students, with over half of the respondents reporting a moderate to significant decline in mental health compared to pre-pandemic. A significant proportion of respondents were experiencing high burnout (62%, 95%CI:56-67%), exhaustion (64%, 95%CI: 57-70%) or disengagement (91%, 95%CI: 87-95%). Thematic analysis identified three themes: ongoing benefits/problems preceding the pandemic, unintended outcomes of strategies to manage/prevent/contain COVID-19, and reasons to stay in their current position.

ConclusionsOur survey revealed that Canadian ECHRs reported many diverse challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic and high burnout, putting the sustainability of this workforce at risk. Improved systems are needed to understand the long-term impacts and support the future of the Canadian health research ecosystem.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hewko, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kowalec, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mulvihill, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aristizabal, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ciernia, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dhillon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dufour, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rousseaux, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saleem, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daraz, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lam, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Association of Canadian Early Career Health Researchers,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.13.622718</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Characteristics of early career health researchers and experiences of burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.13.623393v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Smc5/6 association with microtubules controls dynamic pericentromeric chromatin folding 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.13.623393v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Centromeres and pericentromeres are specialized chromatin regions essential for accurate chromosome segregation. Smc5/6, which localizes at pericentromeres, can bind microtubules, yet its role in chromatin folding is unclear. Here, we investigate the functional relevance of Smc5/6- microtubule binding in yeast, by targeting two lysines (K624, K631) within the Smc5 hinge domain known to mediate this binding. Using high-temporal-resolution imaging, polymer modelling, and in vitro approaches with a separation-of-function mutant smc5-2KE, we demonstrate that microtubules binding by Smc5/6 constrains chromatin dynamics and promotes pericentromeric folding. The smc5-2KE mutant, combined with a hypomorphic kinetochore mutant (Mtw1-3xGFP), leads to spindle and cytokinesis defects and triggers the spindle checkpoint. Furthermore, homologous recombination repair in pericentromeres is compromised. Overall, our findings indicate that Smc5/6 - microtubules association safeguard pericentromeric architecture and genome stability during mitosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Carre-Simon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batrin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isler, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dahl Pinholt, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foldes, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laflamme, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirny, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Amours, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fabre, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.13.623393</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Smc5/6 association with microtubules controls dynamic pericentromeric chromatin folding]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.13.623484v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Atomic elementary flux modes explain the steady state flow of metabolites in large-scale flux networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.13.623484v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Steady state fluxes are a measure of cellular activity under metabolic homoeostasis, but understanding how individual substrates are metabolized remains a challenge in large-scale networks. Pathway-based approaches such as elementary flux mode (EFM) analysis are limited to small networks due to the combinatorial explosion of pathways and the ambiguity of decomposing fluxes onto EFMs. Here, we present an alternative approach to explain metabolic fluxes in terms of the steady state flow of their atomic constituents. We refer to these pathways as atomic elementary flux modes (AEFMs) and show that computations involving AEFMs are orders of magnitude faster than standard EFMs. Using our approach, we enumerate carbon and nitrogen AEFMs in five genome-scale metabolic models and compute the AEFM decomposition of fluxes estimated in a HepG2 liver cancer cell line. Our results systematically characterize carbon and nitrogen remodelling and, on the HepG2 network, predict glutamine metabolism through a recently discovered non-canonical TCA cycle.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chitpin, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perkins, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.13.623484</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Atomic elementary flux modes explain the steady state flow of metabolites in large-scale flux networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.15.621573v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Prey movement shapes the acquisition of predator expertise in a virtual bi-trophic system 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.15.621573v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The acquisition of expertise is crucial for predators to be successful hunters. To achieve this, predators must hone their skills and gain knowledge through repeated and extensive practice. On the other hand, prey may hinder the acquisition of predator expertise by employing antipredator tactics to evade detection and pursuit. However, empirical evidence on how predators acquire expertise through repeated encounters with their prey remains limited, largely due to the challenges of monitoring direct interactions in the wild. Here, we use a virtual predator-prey system (the game Dead by Daylight) to investigate how experience shapes individual and population hunting success in human predators across repeated interactions with their prey. We show that predators optimized prey consumption as they gained experience, indicating that they acquired expertise through extensive practice. At the population-level, we found that faster prey impaired the acquisition of expertise by reducing hunting success. Prey speed was also an important mediator of this relationship at the individual level, driving differences among predators in the acquisition of expertise. Our study outlines how prey antipredator behaviour can mediate the acquisition of expertise in predator populations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fraser Franco, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santostefano, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, J. G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montiglio, P.-O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.15.621573</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Prey movement shapes the acquisition of predator expertise in a virtual bi-trophic system]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.25.625196v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
H- and m-channel overexpression promotes seizure-like events by impairing the ability of inhibitory neurons to process correlated inputs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.25.625196v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Channelopathies affecting h- and m-channels present a paradox in epilepsy research: while both over- and underexpression of these channels can be epileptogenic, channel overexpression does not appear to increase the excitatory-inhibitory (E-I) balance as caused by channel underexpression. We here derive a viable mechanism for ictogenesis driven by h- and m-channel overexpression from analysis of an in silico spiking neuronal microcircuit exhibiting spontaneous seizure-like events (SLEs). Such SLEs are dependent upon sufficiently strong gain in two adaptation terms phenomenologically modeling these channels effects: voltage homeostasis (h-current) and spike-frequency adaptation (m-current). Excessive gain of these adaptation terms interferes with the circuits processing of highly correlated input, promoting a sequence of network-level events that collectively provoke an SLE. Importantly, these changes do not cause increased excitability in isolated neurons, nor does this cascade require a change in the amplitude of external input to the circuit, suggesting an ictogenic pathway independent of classical changes to the E-I balance. The viability of this mechanism for SLE onset is strengthened by the host of experimentally-characterized features of seizure produced in this model reliant upon the presence of these adaptation terms, including the irregular initiation and termination of seizure-like events and time-varying peak frequency of oscillations during such events (i.e., chirps). Moreover, the cell-type dependent effects of changes in these adaptation terms, as delineated in our analyses, represent experimentally-testable predictions for future study of h- and m-channelopathies. These computational results provide vital new insights into the epileptogenic nature of h- and m-channel overexpression currently absent in the experimental literature.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rich, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valiante, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lefebvre, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.25.625196</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[H- and m-channel overexpression promotes seizure-like events by impairing the ability of inhibitory neurons to process correlated inputs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.02.626350v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Asynchronous subunit transitions precede acetylcholine receptor activation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.02.626350v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rapid communication at synapses is facilitated by postsynaptic receptors, which convert a chemical signal into an electrical response. In the case of ligand-gated ion channels, agonist binding triggers rapid transition through a series of intermediate states leading to a transient open-pore conformation. These transitions are usually framed in terms of a mechanism where agonist binding and channel activation are separate events. Here, we collect cryo-EM images over a range of agonist concentrations to define structures of the muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in unliganded, mono-liganded, and di-liganded states. We show that agonist binding to a single agonist site stabilizes an intermediate state where an entire principal agonist-binding subunit has transitioned to an active-like conformation, while the other unoccupied principal subunit remains inactive, albeit poised for activation. Binding of agonist to the second agonist site fully activates the remaining subunits leading to hydration of the ion pore. Uniting this cryo-EM derived intermediate structure with single-channel recordings leads to a model where individual acetylcholine receptor subunits asynchronously undergo conformational transitions, and thus a sequential activation mechanism that has implications for the entire superfamily of pentameric ligand-gated ion channels.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Thompson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tessier, C. J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ananchenko, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emlaw, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dehez, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zarkadas, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>daCosta, C. J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nury, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baenziger, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.02.626350</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Asynchronous subunit transitions precede acetylcholine receptor activation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.13.628423v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolutionary dynamics at the leading edge ofbiological invasions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.13.628423v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Empirical evidence shows that evolution may take place during species range expansion. Indeed, dispersal ability tends to be selected for at the leading edge of invasions, ultimately increasing a species spreading speed. However, for organisms across many different taxa, higher dispersal comes at the cost of fitness, producing evolutionary trade-offs at the leading edge. Using reaction-diffusion equations and adaptive dynamics, we provide new insights on how such evolutionary processes take place. We show how evolution may drive phenotypes at the leading edge to maximize the asymptotic spreading speed, and conditions under which phenotypic plasticity in dispersal is selected for under different dispersal-reproduction trade-off scenarios. We provide some possible future research directions and other systems where the framework can be applied.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Poloni, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lutscher, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.13.628423</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolutionary dynamics at the leading edge ofbiological invasions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.13.628356v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The formin FMNL2 plays a role in the response of melanoma cells to substrate stiffness 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.13.628356v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundCells are constantly sensing and responding to changes in their local environment to adapt their behaviour and morphology. These external stimuli include chemical and mechanical signals, and much recent work has revealed the complexity of the cellular response to changes in substrate stiffness. We investigated the effects of substrate stiffness on the morphology and motility of A2058 human melanoma cells. FMNL2, a formin protein associated with actin cytoskeleton dynamics, regulates cell morphology and motility but its role in stiffness sensing remains unclear. This study examines how A2058 cells respond to substrates of varying stiffness and evaluates the impact of FMNL2 depletion on these responses.

ResultsWe found that with increasing substrate stiffness the cells transitioned from a rounded cell morphology to progressively more elongated morphologies with a concomitant increase in actin stress fiber alignment. Depletion of FMNL2 expression amplified these morphological changes, with knockdown cells showing consistently greater elongation and more pronounced stress fiber alignment compared to controls. Notably, the orientational order parameter (S) revealed higher alignment of actin filaments along the cells long axis in knockdown cells.

Substrate stiffness also affected cell motility, indicated by an apparent optimal stiffness that maximized motility followed by a notable decrease in distance travelled during cell migration on progressively stiffer substrates. This decrease was largely attributable to a decrease in the time the cells spent in motion as the substrate stiffness increased. FMNL2 depletion significantly exacerbated this effect, with knockdown cells traveling shorter net distances and spending less time moving across all substrates.

ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that substrate stiffness profoundly influences A2058 melanoma cell morphology and motility, with FMNL2 playing a pivotal regulatory role. Our observations suggest that FMNL2 is critical for maintaining motility and morphological adaptability under increased stiffness. Loss of FMNL2 enhanced stress fiber alignment and cell elongation while impairing motility, particularly on stiff substrates, revealing FMNL2 as a mechanosensitive effector. However, further biochemical work should be performed to determine the exact mechanisms by which FMNL2 participates in regulation of melanoma cell response to substrate stiffness.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Clugston, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fox, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harden, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Copeland, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.13.628356</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The formin FMNL2 plays a role in the response of melanoma cells to substrate stiffness]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.18.629184v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
LAG3 marks activated but hyporesponsive NK cells. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.18.629184v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Natural Killer (NK) cells are critical for immunosurveillance yet become dysfunctional in contexts such as chronic stimulation by viral infections or cancer. This phenomenon is similar to T cell exhaustion but less well characterized, which limits therapeutic interventions. As shown for T cells, NK cells often display an increased expression of immune checkpoint proteins (ICP) following chronic stimulation, and ICP blockade therapies are currently being explored for several cancer types, which have remarkable patient benefits. Nevertheless, the nature of ICP expression in NK cells is still poorly documented. In this study, we aimed to identify the conditions that lead to and the phenotype of immune checkpoint LAG3 (Lymphocyte-activation gene 3) expressing NK cells. Using various experimental models, we found that LAG3 is expressed by murine NK cells upon activation in different contexts, including in response to cancer and acute viral infections. LAG3 marks a subset of immature, proliferating and activated cells, which, despite activation, have a reduced capacity to respond to a broad range of stimuli. Further characterization also revealed that LAG3+ NK cells exhibit a transcriptional signature similar to that of exhausted CD8+ T cells. Taken together, our results support the use of LAG3 as a marker of dysfunctional NK cells across diverse chronic and acute inflammatory conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vasilyeva, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makinson, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Dwyer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ali, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abrar, U. H. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanese de Souza, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasim, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asif, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurdieh, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abou-Hamad, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yakubovich, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hodgins, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al Haddad, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pietropaolo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazzei, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nersesian, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chay, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacquelot, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cook, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sciume, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waggoner, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ardolino, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marotel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.18.629184</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[LAG3 marks activated but hyporesponsive NK cells.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.10.632212v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-molecule assay reveals the impact of composition, RNA duplex, and inhibitors on the binding dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 polymerase complex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.10.632212v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The genome replication of SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, involves a multi-subunit replication complex consisting of non-structural proteins (nsps) 12, 7 and 8. While the structure of this complex is known, the dynamic behavior of the subunits interacting with RNA is missing. Here we report a single-molecule protein-induced fluorescence enhancement (SM-PIFE) assay to monitor binding dynamics between the reconstituted or co-expressed replication complex and RNA. Increasing binding times were observed, in this order, with nsp7 (none) nsp8 and nsp12, in nsp8-nsp12 mixtures and in reconstituted mixtures bearing all three proteins. Unstable, transient, and stable binding modes were recorded in the latter case, indicating that complexation is dynamic, and the correct conformation must be achieved before stable RNA binding can occur. Notably, the co-expressed protein yields mostly stable binding even at low concentrations, while the reconstituted proteins exhibit unstable binding indicating inefficient complexation with reduced protein. The SM-PIFE assay distinguishes inhibitors that impact protein binding from those that prevent replication, as demonstrated with suramin and remdesivir, respectively. The data reveals a correlation between binding lifetime/affinity, and protein activity, and underscores differences between co-expressed vs reconstituted mixtures, suggesting the existence of trapped conformations that may not evolve to productive binding.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lovell, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dewling, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kocincova, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Badmalia, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tchesnokov, E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gotte, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cosa, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.10.632212</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-molecule assay reveals the impact of composition, RNA duplex, and inhibitors on the binding dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 polymerase complex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.10.632302v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neural correlates of approach and avoidance tendencies toward physical activity and sedentary stimuli: An fMRI study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.10.632302v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Automatic tendencies toward physical activity and sedentary stimuli are involved in the regulation of physical activity behavior. However, the brain regions underlying these automatic tendencies remain largely unknown. Here, we used an approach-avoidance task and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 42 healthy young adults to investigate whether cortical and subcortical brain regions underpinning reward processing and executive function are associated with these tendencies. At the behavioral level, results showed more errors in avoidance behavior following sedentary stimuli than physical activity stimuli. At the brain level, avoidance behavior following sedentary stimuli was associated with more activation of the motor control network (dorsolateral-prefrontal cortex, primary and secondary motor cortices, somatosensory cortex). In addition, increased activation of the bilateral parahippocampal gyrus -- and structural deformation of the right hippocampus - were associated with a tendency toward approaching sedentary stimuli. Together, these results suggest that avoiding sedentary stimuli requires higher levels of behavioral control than avoiding physical activity stimuli.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cheval, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ceravolo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Igloi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sander, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimmermann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Ruitenbeek, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boisgontier, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.10.632302</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neural correlates of approach and avoidance tendencies toward physical activity and sedentary stimuli: An fMRI study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.10.632350v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
How Intrinsic Neural Timescales Relate To Event-Related Activity - Key Role For Intracolumnar Connections 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.10.632350v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The relationship of the brains intrinsic neural timescales (INTs) during the resting state with event-related activity in response to external stimuli remains poorly understood. Here, we bridge this gap by combining computational modeling with magnetoencephalography (MEG) data to investigate the relation of intrinsic neuronal timescales (INT) with task-related activity, e.g., event-related fields (ERFs). Using the Jansen-Rit model, we first show that intracolumnar (and thus intra-regional) excitatory and inhibitory connections (rather than inter-regional feedback, feedforward and lateral connections between the columns of different regions) strongly influence both resting state INTs and task-related ERFs. Secondly, our results demonstrate a positive relationship between the magnitude of event-related fields (mERFs) and INTs, observed in both model simulations and empirical MEG data collected during an emotional face recognition task. Thirdly, modeling shows that the positive relationship of mERF and INT depends on intracolumnar connections through observing that the correlation between them disappears for fixed values of intracolumnar connections. Together, these findings highlight the importance of intracolumnar connections as a shared biological mechanism underlying both the resting-states INTs and the task-states event-related activity including their interplay.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Catal, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buccellato, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keskin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Northoff, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.10.632350</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[How Intrinsic Neural Timescales Relate To Event-Related Activity - Key Role For Intracolumnar Connections]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.26.634918v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distal mutations in a designed retro-aldolase alter loop dynamics to shift and accelerate the rate-limiting step 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.26.634918v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Amino-acid residues distant from an enzymes active site are known to influence catalysis, but their mechanistic contributions to the catalytic cycle remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate the structural, functional, and mechanistic impacts of distal and active-site mutations discovered through directed evolution of the computationally designed retro-aldolase RA95. Active-site mutations improve catalytic efficiency by 3,600-fold, while distal mutations alone offer no improvement. When combined with active-site mutations, distal mutations further increase efficiency by 6-fold, demonstrating an epistatic effect. X-ray crystallography and molecular dynamics simulations reveal that distal mutations promote active site opening by altering loop dynamics. Kinetic solvent viscosity effects and electrostatic analysis show that distal mutations accelerate the chemical transformation by 100-fold, shifting the rate-limiting step to product release, which is further accelerated by the increased opening of the active site. These findings highlight the critical role of distal residues in shaping the active-site environment and facilitating the structural dynamics essential for progression through the catalytic cycle.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hunt, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klaus, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>John, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zarifi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feixas, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Borras, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chica, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.26.634918</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distal mutations in a designed retro-aldolase alter loop dynamics to shift and accelerate the rate-limiting step]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.28.635154v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Customizing the Structure of a Minimal TIM Barrel to Craft a De Novo Enzyme 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.28.635154v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The TIM barrel is the most prevalent fold in natural enzymes, supporting efficient catalysis of diverse chemical reactions. While de novo TIM barrels have been successfully designed, their minimalistic architecture lacks structural elements essential for substrate binding and catalysis. Here, we present CANVAS, a computational workflow that introduces a structural lid into a minimal de novo TIM barrel to anchor catalytic residues and form an active-site pocket for enzymatic function. Starting from two de novo TIM barrels, we designed nine variants with distinct lids to form active sites for the Kemp elimination. Four designs showed measurable activity, with the most active reaching a catalytic efficiency of 21,000 M-{superscript 1} s-{superscript 1} at its optimal pH. A co-crystal structure of this variant bound to a transition-state analogue confirmed the accuracy of the designed lid and active site. Using the X-ray structure of a lower-activity variant (19 M-{superscript 1} s-{superscript 1}), we applied ensemble-based design to optimize its active site, increasing catalytic efficiency by >1,600-fold to 32,000 M-{superscript 1} s-{superscript 1}. These results demonstrate that de novo TIM barrels can be endowed with substrate binding pockets supporting efficient catalytic function, establishing a platform for building enzymes on demand from minimal protein scaffolds.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Beck, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zarifi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freund, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chica, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoecker, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.28.635154</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Customizing the Structure of a Minimal TIM Barrel to Craft a De Novo Enzyme]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.05.636658v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Poly-L-Ornithine Coated Plant Scaffolds Support Motor Recovery in Rats after Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.05.636658v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating neurological condition with far-reaching consequences for patients, including loss of motor function and significant limitations to quality of life. Implantable biomaterials have emerged as a therapeutic strategy to modulate the SCI microenvironment and facilitate regeneration of axons. In this study, plant-derived lignocellulosic scaffolds coated with poly-L-ornithine (PLO) are shown to support locomotor recovery and neural tissue repair in a rat model of spinal cord injury. Upon complete transection of the spinal cord, animals were implanted with a plant-derived scaffold coated in poly-L-ornithine, a positively charged amino acid chain that is known to promote neural stem cell differentiation into neurons and enhance myelin regeneration. Recovery of motor function was evaluated by the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor scale as well as the Karolinska Institutet Swim Assessment Tool (KSAT). Retrograde tracing of ascending sensory tracts revealed enhanced regeneration in animals that received the PLO-coated scaffold. Numerous {beta}-III tubulin and neurofilament 200 positive fibers may indicate axonal sprouting within the lignocellulosic scaffold and LFB staining highlights myelination around the PLO-coated scaffold. These results demonstrate the potential of plant-based biomaterials in a rat model of acute spinal cord injury and highlight their enhancement after PLO functionalization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Couvrette, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bayat, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Modulevsky, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laliberte, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cuerrier, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leblanc Latour, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hickey, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boudria, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monty, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Obhi, R.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shore, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galuta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bui, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pelling, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.05.636658</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Poly-L-Ornithine Coated Plant Scaffolds Support Motor Recovery in Rats after Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.05.636679v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The creation and validation of a fully animal component-free media for select adherent cell types 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.05.636679v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is one of the most commonly used media supplement for the maintenance of mammalian cell types, yet the expensive costs, ethical concerns, and lot-to-lot variation have provoked a clear need for a serum that is standardized and derived from non-animal sources. Several serum-free formulations have been developed in the past, however they are often cell type specific, contain animal-derived components, and lack long-term culture validation. In this study, we developed a novel animal component-free (ACF) media and investigated its effectiveness on four commonly used mammalian cell lines via long-term (up to 90 days) morphological, transcriptomic, and proliferative analyses. Cells cultured in our ACF medium exhibited comparable cellular morphologies and equal or greater growth rates compared with cells cultured with FBS. Additionally, differentially expressed genes between the FBS-grown and ACF-grown groups were predominantly associated with functions linked to proliferation and cell attachment. The findings from this study indicate that this medium is a suitable replacement to FBS-containing medium for several common cell lines.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mogilever, N. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godin Page, M.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solola, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pelling, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.05.636679</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The creation and validation of a fully animal component-free media for select adherent cell types]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.10.637544v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Duplications in the Chlorophyll a oxygenase (CAO) gene across the Viridiplantae 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.10.637544v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Viridiplantae, a diverse group of green plants and alga that have evolved from a common ancestor, are unified in their ability to produce and use two types of chlorophyll (chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b) to capture light energy. In addition to playing a role in light harvesting, chlorophyll b is required at the appropriate level for the accumulation, assembly, and stability of light harvesting complexes within the photosynthetic apparatus. Chlorophyll b is synthesized from chlorophyll a by the enzyme chlorophyllide a oxygenase (CAO), a Rieske-type mononuclear non-heme iron oxygenase. A regulatory degron sequence, described in detail only in land plants, regulates the stability of CAO proteins based on the availability of chlorophyll b. Recent identification of CAO gene duplication in bryophyte and green algal species, combined with expanded availability of sequenced genomes within the Viridiplantae, prompted further investigation into the role of gene duplication in the evolution of chlorophyll b biosynthesis. Examination of genomes from 246 plant and algae species revealed independently occurring CAO duplications throughout the Viridiplantae, with a higher prevalence of duplication in land plants compared to their algal relatives. Additionally, we demonstrate that the degron sequence is poorly conserved in chlorophytes, but first appears as a conserved sequence in charophytes, and is very highly conserved among the embryophytes. The evolutionary history and functional role of CAO throughout the Viridiplantae lineage is discussed based on these key observations, adding to our understanding of chlorophyll b biosynthesis and the role of CAO in photosynthetic species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Poirier, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wright, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cvetkovska, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.10.637544</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Duplications in the Chlorophyll a oxygenase (CAO) gene across the Viridiplantae]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.11.637771v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Time-to-onset and temporal dynamics of EEG during breath-watching meditation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.11.637771v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IntroductionMind-body practices, such as meditation, enhance mental well-being. Research studies consistently demonstrate improved brain function and psychological well-being in meditation practitioners. A substantial body of neuroscientific evidence highlights changes in alpha and theta frequency bands during meditation among practitioners. Neurophysiological effects of meditation are reported as average power changes from resting to meditative states. However, there is a notable gap in research concerning the time-to-onset and temporal dynamics of these changes during meditation.

MethodOur study addresses this gap by recording high-density 128-channel EEG data during breath- watching meditation in three groups: meditation-naive controls (n = 28), novice meditators (n = 33), and advanced meditators (n = 42). Meditators were trained in the Isha Yoga tradition. Real-time changes in brain power across different frequency bands were analyzed by segmenting the EEG data into 1-minute intervals. Using the first 30 seconds of breath- watching as the baseline, we calculated within-group power differences between this baseline and successive 1-minute segments (non-overlapping, non-sliding windows). For between- group comparisons, we assessed power differences among the three groups at 0.5, 3, 6, and 9 minutes.

ResultsOur results indicate that time-to-onset of statistically significant increases in alpha, theta, and beta1 power, as well as decreases in delta and gamma1 power, occur around the 2-3 minute mark, with effects starting to peak between 7- and 10-minutes duration across all three groups. Statistically significant differences were observed between groups in the magnitude of these changes: advanced practitioners exhibited higher theta and theta-alpha power at all time points compared to the other groups.

ConclusionOur findings suggest that neurophysiological changes begin around 2-3 minutes after starting meditation and peak around 7-10 minutes across all three groups. However, the magnitude of these effects is greater in the advanced meditator group. As long as meditation retreats are not possible for many individuals, brief meditation practices of 7 minutes or more, delivered through digital platforms, could offer accessible, effective, and scalable solutions to improve mental well-being. This suggests a broader application of meditation practices in daily life, encouraging even those with tight schedules to incorporate such beneficial practices.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Malipeddi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sasidharan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venugopal, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tewarie, P. K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>P.N., R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Northoff, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laureys, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subramaniam, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kutty, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.11.637771</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Time-to-onset and temporal dynamics of EEG during breath-watching meditation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.12.637445v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of polyphosphate-binding proteins in E. coli uncovers targets involved in translation control and ribosome biogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.12.637445v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In many bacteria, polyphosphate kinase (PPK) enzymes use ATP to synthesize polyphosphate (polyP) in response to cellular stress. These chains of inorganic phosphates are joined by high-energy bonds and can reach hundreds of residues in length. PolyP plays diverse functions in helping bacteria adjust to changing environmental conditions. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these functions are poorly understood. In eukaryotic cells, polyacidic serine- and lysine-rich (PASK) motifs of proteins can mediate binding to polyP chains. Whereas PASK motifs are relatively common in yeast and human cells, we report that these sequences are rare in bacteria commonly used for polyP research. Thus, to identify novel polyP-binding proteins in Escherichia coli, we carried out an untargeted screen and identified 7 novel targets with links to translation control and ribosome biogenesis. For two targets, the GTPase activating protein YihI and the ribonuclease Rnr, we mapped the regions of polyP interaction to non-PASK sequences and identified lysine residues critical for binding. We found that deletion of rnr suppressed the slow growth phenotype of {Delta}ppk mutants grown on minimal media. Conversely, ppk deletion resulted in decreased Rnr protein expression. These phenotypes were dependent on the polyP binding region of Rnr but independent of polyP binding itself, suggesting a complex interplay between PPK and Rnr function in E. coli. Overall, our work provides new insights into the scope of polyP binding proteins and extends the connections between polyP and the regulation of protein translation in E. coli.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Baijal, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kore, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abramchuck, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Denoncourt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simms, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dagenais, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rudner, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavallee-Adam, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gray, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Downey, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.12.637445</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of polyphosphate-binding proteins in E. coli uncovers targets involved in translation control and ribosome biogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.13.637346v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systematic Metaproteomics Mapping Reveals Functional and Ecological Landscapes of Human Gut Microbiota Responses to Therapeutic Drugs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.13.637346v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Therapeutic compounds exert impacts on gut microbiota; however, how they affect the community functional ecology, especially as reflected at the protein level, remains largely unexplored. In this study, we systematically map metaproteomic responses of ex vivo human gut microbiota to 312 compounds, generating 4.6 million microbial protein responses, available as an interactive resource (https://shiny.imetalab.ca/MPR_Viz/). Protein-level analyses identify significant metaproteomic shifts induced by 47 compounds, with neuropharmaceuticals as the sole drug class significantly enriched among these hits. Further analyses on the community level reveal a tri-stability pattern in microbial composition and the emergence of three distinct functional states, based on a functional beta-diversity metric. Notably, neuropharmaceuticals cause particularly strong effects on the microbiomes, lowering the proteome-level functional redundancy and raising the level of antimicrobial resistance proteins, ultimately pushing the microbiome into an alternative functional state. Preliminary validation suggests that enhancing functional redundancy may contribute to maintaining microbiota resilience against neuropharmaceutical-induced antimicrobial resistance. Overall, this work establishes a comprehensive view of how drugs influence gut microbiome function and ecology at the protein level, proposes a landscape-based framework for interpreting community resilience, and highlights the need to consider protein-level and ecological responses in the evaluation of therapeutic interventions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simopoulos, C. M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayne, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ning, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamada, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Butcher, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serrana, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>ZHANG, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stintzi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Figeys, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.13.637346</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systematic Metaproteomics Mapping Reveals Functional and Ecological Landscapes of Human Gut Microbiota Responses to Therapeutic Drugs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.26.640127v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A novel integrated framework to identify and characterize regional-scale pest insect dispersal 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.26.640127v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Forest pest insects cause major socio-economic impacts, global losses of millions of dollars, and ecosystem changes. A key challenge for their management is tracing regional dispersal events critical to outbreak dynamics. We developed an integrated tracing framework for pest insects by combining isotope geolocation, ecological data, and atmospheric modeling, and applied this framework to the eastern spruce budworm moth (Choristoneura fumiferana), the most severe defoliator of the North American boreal forest, to trace outbreak dispersal events. We first generated a North American model of bioavailable sulfur isotope ({delta}34S) variation in space (isoscape), which predominantly varied in response to oceanic sulfate deposition, and then calibrated it to spruce budworm tissues of known origin. We used an automated trap network with high temporal resolution to collect samples and identify potential immigration events of eastern spruce budworm to Nova Scotia, Canada. We traced the natal origin of these immigrants by integrating high-probability regions derived from{delta} 34S probabilistic assignments and HYSPLIT atmospheric dispersal models. Since high larval density is a strong predictor of budworm defoliation and emigration, HYSPLIT atmospheric dispersal models, which integrated spruce budworm behavioral constraints (e.g., flight velocity, altitude, and temperature thresholds), were started from defoliated areas to narrow-down the area of natal origin and estimate the migration route. We find that this integrated framework allows to narrow down the region of pest origins, restricting it to a few possible locations and demonstrating long-distance dispersal of spruce budworm across [~]400Km over the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Our framework demonstrates the utility of{delta} 34S geolocation in insect tracing, and that combining isotopic data with ecological indicators and atmospheric modeling offers an unprecedented resolution in understanding insect dispersal ecology. The approach is transferable to trace other migratory insect species to address conservation, agriculture, and bio-surveillance needs in the context of global environmental change.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dargent, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reich, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Studens, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benvidi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perrault, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aibueku, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holmes, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bataille, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Candau, J.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.26.640127</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A novel integrated framework to identify and characterize regional-scale pest insect dispersal]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.02.641079v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Notch-mediated regulation of β-Catenin-TCF activity instructs anteroposterior neuron positioning in C. elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.02.641079v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Motor neuron positioning and organization along the neuroaxis is crucial for proper nervous system connectivity and function. In newly hatched C. elegans, the ventral nerve cord contains 22 motor neurons, divided into three classes (DD, DA, and DB), with their cell bodies showing a largely stereotypical positioning and sequential arrangement. However, the mechanisms controlling this precise positioning are not fully understood. Here, we uncover a left-right asymmetry in {beta}-catenin-TCF complex activity that controls motor neuron positioning. Loss of BAR-1/{beta}-catenin or POP-1/TCF causes a shift of motor neuron cell bodies toward the anterior, while loss of PRY-1/Axin shifts them toward the posterior. During embryonic ventral cord morphogenesis, BAR-1 expression is restricted to right-side motor neuron precursors through asymmetric Notch signaling, which promotes PRY-1 expression on the left to degrade BAR-1. Our findings highlight an atypical Notch-mediated regulation of Axin expression and reveal that left-right asymmetry during neuroaxis formation specifies anteroposterior motor neuron placement in the central nerve cord.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Justin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roenspies, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rumley, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murray, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colavita, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.02.641079</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Notch-mediated regulation of β-Catenin-TCF activity instructs anteroposterior neuron positioning in C. elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.13.642886v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Peptide abundance correlations in metaproteomics enhance taxonomic and functional analysis of the human gut microbiome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.13.642886v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics is widely used for quantitative protein profiling and has become a powerful tool for studying protein interactions. However, most current research focuses on single-species proteomics to study protein interactions. Protein interactions within more complex microbiomes, composed of 100s of bacterial species, remain largely unexplored. The human gut microbiome, closely linked to human health and disease, has become a key area of study using metaproteomics. Yet, due to the complexity of the microbiome, the interactions between gut microbes and their host remain largely unknown. In this study, we analyzed peptide abundance correlations within a metaproteomics dataset derived from in vitro cultured human gut microbiomes subjected to various drug treatments. Our analysis revealed that peptides from the same protein or taxon exhibited correlated abundance changes. By using t-SNE for visualization, we generated a peptide correlation map in which peptides from the same taxon formed distinct clusters. Furthermore, peptide abundance correlations enabled genome-level taxonomic assignments for a greater number of peptides. In single-species subsets of the dataset, peptide correlation networks constructed using taxon-based normalized peptide abundance (TNPA) linked peptides from functionally related proteins. These networks also provided insights into the potential functions of previously uncharacterized proteins. Altogether, our study demonstrates that analyzing peptide abundance correlations enhances both taxonomic and functional analyses in human gut metaproteomics research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ning, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doxey, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Figeys, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.13.642886</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Peptide abundance correlations in metaproteomics enhance taxonomic and functional analysis of the human gut microbiome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.14.643403v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SpikeMAP: An unsupervised spike sorting pipeline for cortical excitatory and inhibitory neurons in high-density multielectrode arrays with ground-truth validation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.14.643403v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Large-scale extracellular recording techniques represent a major advance in interrogating the structure and dynamics of neuronal circuits. However, methods that can resolve cell-type identity in a principled way, while simultaneously scaling to thousands of neurons, are currently lacking. Here, we introduce spikeMAP, a pipeline for the analysis of large-scale recordings of in vitro cortical activity that not only allows for the detection of spikes produced by single neurons (spike sorting), but also allows for the reliable distinction between genetically determined cell types by utilizing viral and optogenetic strategies as ground-truth validation. This approach tightly integrates the data analysis pipeline to an optogenetic, viral, and pharmacological protocol allowing for the dynamical probing of distinct cell-types while simultaneously recording from large populations. The novelty of spikeMAP is to combine a stream of well-established analysis techniques in an end-to-end fashion, creating a unified framework as follows. First, individual spike waveforms are fitted by spline interpolation to estimate their half-amplitude and peak-to-peak durations. These values are then entered in a principal component analysis with k-means clustering to identify uncorrelated signals from single channels on the array. Optimal separability of clusters is assessed by linear discriminant analysis. Finally, each channels source location is identified using spatiotemporal characteristics of spike waveforms across the array. We show that spikeMAP can resolve cell type identity in high-density arrays by analyzing activity monitored from mouse prefrontal cortex in vitro slices with an array of 4,096 closely-spaced channels. Using an optotagging functional strategy, we show an effective distinction of regular-spiking excitatory neurons from fast-spiking inhibitory interneurons using measures of action potential waveform, Fano factor, and spatially-dependent cross-correlations. In sum, the approach introduces a toolbox, validated by an experimental pipeline, that allows for a comprehensive characterization of neuronal activity obtained from different cell-types in high-density multielectrode recordings. This provides a scalable approach to investigate the interplay between distinct cell types in microcircuits of the brain.

SummaryWe introduce spikeMAP, an automated cell-type specific spike sorting pipeline tailored to high-density, large-scale multielectrode array recordings. We integrate this analysis pipeline to an experimental protocol allowing for the dynamical probing of distinct cell-types while simultaneously recording from large populations of neurons. Using high-density multielectrode arrays containing 4,096 closely spaced electrodes, we monitor the spiking activity of PFC neurons in acute slice preparations. Our spike sorting technique combines spline interpolation and principal component analysis to distinguish regular-spiking excitatory neurons from fast-spiking inhibitory interneurons. We provide an experimental validation of our sorting algorithm using a targeted combination of pharmacological, viral and optogenetic strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Giraud, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lynn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vincent-Lamarre, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beique, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thivierge, J.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.14.643403</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SpikeMAP: An unsupervised spike sorting pipeline for cortical excitatory and inhibitory neurons in high-density multielectrode arrays with ground-truth validation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.18.643960v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MIR192 Upregulates GLP-1 Receptor and Improves Statin-Induced Impairment of Insulin Secretion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.18.643960v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Statins are a commonly prescribed cholesterol lowering drug class that can increase the risk of new-onset diabetes (NOD). To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect, we generated human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from individuals identified from electronic health records of Kaiser Permanente of Northern California who were susceptible to developing NOD after statin initiation or controls who maintained stable fasting glucose on statin treatment. RNA-seq analysis of iPSCs incubated with atorvastatin, simvastatin or mock buffer for 24 hours identified the long non-coding RNA MIR194-2HG as a top candidate gene. Statin-induced increases in its expression were observed in NOD resistant controls, while statin-induced reductions occurred in NOD susceptible cases. MIR194-2HG encompasses two microRNA genes: MIR192 and MIR194-2. The mature microRNA miR-192-5p, derived from the 5 arm of MIR192, was predicted to bind the 3UTR of the glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor (GLP1R) transcript. Transfection of a rat insulinoma cell line INS-1 with a miR-192-5p mimic increased Glp1r transcript (1.41-fold) and protein (1.51-fold) levels compared to a scrambled control. Using a luciferase reporter containing the human GLP1R 3UTR, miR-192-5p overexpression similarly increased luciferase signal (1.44-fold). The miR-192-5p mimic enhanced glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in response to GLP1R agonists (1.64-1.81-fold) and rescued simvastatin-induced GSIS impairment in INS-1 cells. Wild-type mice treated with miR-192 AAV8 had improved glucose sensitivity. Islets isolated from these mice exhibited enhanced GLP-1 potentiated GSIS during perifusion ex vivo. These effects were absent in the DIRKO (Glp1r/Gipr double knockout) mouse islets, consistent with the idea that miR-192 promotes GLP-1 mediated GSIS through GLP1R. These findings implicate MIR192 in statin-induced impairment of GSIS by modulating GLP1R, potentially contributing to the susceptibility to NOD in statin users.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kuang, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Locatelli, C. A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Theusch, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munoz-Howell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, M.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yalamanchili, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nalula, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mattis, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oni-Orisan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iribarren, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krauss, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mulvihill, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medina, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.18.643960</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MIR192 Upregulates GLP-1 Receptor and Improves Statin-Induced Impairment of Insulin Secretion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.19.644259v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Early-life gut microbiome and stress-axis perturbations dysregulate systemic, mucosal, and brain immunity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.19.644259v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundEarly-life disruptions to the gut microbiome and stress-axis significantly influence the development of immune, neuroendocrine, and other physiological systems. However, the precise microbial species and pathways mediating these effects remain poorly characterized. Using a murine model, we investigated the individual and combined effects of early-life antibiotic exposure and chronic stress on gut microbiota composition, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity, and systemic, mucosal, and neuroimmune responses.

ResultsBroad-spectrum antibiotic treatments severely reduced microbial diversity and SCFA concentrations, with changes persisting into adulthood. Chronic early-life stress exerted more modest but notable effects, reducing key SCFA-producing taxa and impacting microbiome metabolic output. Combined disruptions led to altered microglial active phenotype and cytokine profiles, impaired immune cell populations, and suppressed HPA axis activity. Multi-omic correlational analyses revealed strong associations between SCFAs, specific gut microbes, and immune responses, implicating SCFAs as critical mediators of gut-brain communication. Notably, antibiotic exposure exacerbated susceptibility to allergic airway inflammation, highlighting the systemic consequences of early-life microbiome disturbances.

ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate that early microbial perturbations impair neuroimmune maturation, HPA axis regulation, and host resilience to inflammatory diseases. Our study underscores the importance of preserving the early-life microbiome to support long-term immune and neurodevelopmental health, offering insights into potential therapeutic interventions for mitigating the impact of early-life microbiota disruptions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Arrieta, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ortega, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asbury, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mackenzie, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vicentini, F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hafeez, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mercer, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>vanTilburg Bernardes, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalbfleisch, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samara, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pettersen, V. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Figeys, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharkey, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.19.644259</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Early-life gut microbiome and stress-axis perturbations dysregulate systemic, mucosal, and brain immunity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.02.646870v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deciphering the role of the lncRNA TRIBAL in hepatocyte models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.02.646870v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We recently reported that the long non-coding RNA TRIBAL/TRIB1AL was required to sustain key hepatocyte functions. Here, we identify HepaRG cells as a model for studying TRIBAL and provide additional validation and functional insights. In contrast to HepG2 and HuH-7 cells, differentiated HepaRG cells showed similarities to primary hepatocytes in response to TRIBAL suppression. TRIBAL suppression was associated with reduced HNF4A and MLXIPL abundance in hepatocytes and HepaRG cells. TRIBAL targeting using a panel of targeting ASOs confirmed specificity. Comparing TRIBAL-suppressed hepatocyte and HepaRG transcriptomics identified extensive functional overlap. Biological ontologies associated with key hepatic metabolic functions were predicted to be inhibited in both models. Comparative analyses with TRIB1-suppressed HepaRG cells, a major metabolic regulator vicinal to TRIBAL, also revealed extensive functional congruence with TRIBAL. Interestingly, TRIBAL transduction failed to restore function in TRIBAL-suppressed cells, which may be linked to structural differences, as supported by contrasting RNAseR sensitivities between the endogenous and transduced forms. In summary, these findings support the use of HepaRG cells as an experimental model to study TRIBAL and underscore its importance in regulating key hepatocyte genes essential for metabolic function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Soubeyrand, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lau, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McPherson, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.02.646870</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deciphering the role of the lncRNA TRIBAL in hepatocyte models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.15.647781v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Rosella-PLIN2 Knock-in Mouse Reveals Lipophagy and Immunometabolic Interplay in Atherosclerosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.15.647781v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cytosolic lipid droplets (LDs) regulate lipid homeostasis, with abnormal LD dynamics linked to metabolic diseases like atherosclerosis. In macrophage foam cells, LDs undergo autophagic degradation via lipophagy, but the extent of this process in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) foam cells remains unclear. To track lipophagy in real time, we developed a Rosella-PLIN2 biosensor by tagging perilipin 2 (PLIN2) with the fluorescent pH-biosensor Rosella. We show that proatherogenic lipoproteins and autophagy activators stimulate lipophagy in human macrophages. Targeting LDs with an LC3 fusion protein or LD-autophagy tethering compounds (LD-ATTECs) selectively enhanced lipophagy, promoting foam cell LD clearance. In an atherosclerosis model, Rosella-PLIN2 accurately tracked lipophagy in arterial foam cells, revealing distinct PLIN2 expression patterns in macrophage and non-leukocyte foam cells. We identified a lipophagy deficiency in VSMC foam cells and demonstrate that enhancing lipophagy promotes LD catabolism in primary VSMC foam cells. TREM2+ macrophages exhibited high lipid content and low lipophagy flux, whereas TREM2- macrophages had low lipid content and high lipophagy flux. Our findings highlight a cell-specific interplay between lipophagy and immunometabolism in arterial foam cells, unveiling novel therapeutic avenues for atherosclerosis. Additionally, the Rosella-PLIN2 model provides a powerful tool for studying LD metabolism, offering new insights into lipid homeostasis and disease mechanisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Laval, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joyce, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boucher, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rochon, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emerton, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dharia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robichaud, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorant, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, M.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geoffrion, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rayner, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibbings, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nutter, L. M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russell, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouimet, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.15.647781</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Rosella-PLIN2 Knock-in Mouse Reveals Lipophagy and Immunometabolic Interplay in Atherosclerosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.21.649758v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Non-duality in brain and experience of advanced meditators - Key role for Intrinsic Neural Timescales 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.21.649758v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Distinguishing between self (internal) and environment (external) is fundamental to human experience, with ordinary waking consciousness structured around this duality. However, contemplative traditions describe non-dual states where this distinction dissolves. Despite its significance, the neural basis of non-duality remains underexplored. Using psychological questionnaires for non-duality experience and EEG-based intrinsic neural timescales as measured by the autocorrelation window (ACW), we studied non-duality in advanced meditators, novice meditators, and controls. All subjects underwent breath-watching meditation (internal attention) and a visual oddball cognitive task (external attention); this allowed us to conceptualize non-duality as a lack of distinction between internal and external attention. Our key findings include: (a) advanced meditators report greater experience of non-duality during breath-watching (psychological scales), (b) EEG-based ACW is longer during internal attention (breath watch) than external attention (oddball task) in all subjects taken together, (c) advanced meditators show no such distinction with equal duration of their ACW during both internal and external attention (we replicated this finding in another dataset of expert meditators); (d) the advanced meditators internal-external ACW difference correlated with their experience of the degree of non-duality (psychological scales) during internal attention. Together, these findings suggest that the brains intrinsic neural timescales during internal and external attention play a key role in mediating the experience of non-duality in advanced meditators.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Malipeddi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sasidharan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ventura, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venugopal, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bauer, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tewarie, P. K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravindra, P. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehrotra, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>John, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subramaniam, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laureys, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kutty, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Northoff, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.21.649758</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Non-duality in brain and experience of advanced meditators - Key role for Intrinsic Neural Timescales]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.02.651357v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Postoperative Stress Accelerates Atherosclerosis through Inflammatory Remodeling of the HDL Proteome and Impaired Reverse Cholesterol Transport 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.02.651357v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BACKGROUNDOver 10 million patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery annually experience major cardiovascular complications within 30 days, many due to destabilized atherosclerotic plaques. Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), a key pathway for cholesterol removal by HDL and apoA-I, is critical in preventing plaque progression. While surgery-induced inflammation is known to impair HDL function, its effects on RCT and plaque stability remain unclear.

METHODSTo isolate the impact of surgical inflammation, independent of blood loss, we developed an abdominal laparotomy model in apoE-/- mice on a Western diet, minimizing blood loss and avoiding perioperative blood sampling. We assessed plasma cholesterol efflux capacity, performed proteomic analysis of HDL, and analyzed atherosclerotic plaques for lipid content, perilipin-2 (PLIN2), cleaved-caspase-3 (c-Casp-3), and necrotic core expansion. A novel dual-label, dual-cell-type in vivo RCT model was developed to compare RCT from macrophage-derived (BMDMs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs)-derived foam cells. Recombinant apoA-I (rApoA-I) was tested for therapeutic rescue of impaired RCT.

RESULTSSurgery significantly reduced RCT for at least 48 hours, paralleled by a drop in cholesterol efflux capacity and inflammatory remodeling of HDL, marked by elevated serum amyloid A (SAA1/2) and reduced apoA-I. Plaques showed a 1.6-fold increase in intracellular lipids and PLIN2 expression at 24 hours post-surgery, with elevated c-Casp-3 indicating lipid-driven apoptosis. Foam cell analysis revealed increased PLIN2 in both CD45+ (leukocyte) and CD45- (non-leukocyte) subtypes, with leukocyte foam cells expressing higher PLIN2. c-Casp-3+ apoptotic cells were predominantly PLIN2high and of both leukocytic and non-leukocytic origin. By day 15, the necrotic core area increased by 1.5-fold with sustained loss of plaque cellularity. Using our dual-cell-type RCT model, we found that surgery significantly impaired BMDM RCT in vivo, while VSMC RCT remained largely unaffected, highlighting foam cell subtype-specific vulnerability to surgical inflammation. These findings were mirrored in general surgery patients, whose postoperative plasma exhibited markedly reduced cholesterol efflux capacity. In mice, rApoA-I treatment partially restored RCT and reduced plaque lipid accumulation.

CONCLUSIONSSurgical inflammation acutely impairs HDL function and RCT, triggering lipid accumulation, foam cell apoptosis, and accelerated plaque destabilization independent of blood loss. Immediate restoration of apoA-I at the time of surgery, aiming to counteract the acute phase response, may offer a targeted strategy to reduce postoperative cardiovascular risk.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Boucher, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rochon, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laval, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorant, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emerton, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joyce, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vinayak, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scaffidi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Auer, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouimet, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.02.651357</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Postoperative Stress Accelerates Atherosclerosis through Inflammatory Remodeling of the HDL Proteome and Impaired Reverse Cholesterol Transport]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.26.655371v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparative genomic analysis of Cluster AZ Arthrobacter phages 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.26.655371v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacteria in the Arthrobacter genus belong to the phylum Actinobacteria and are primarily soil-dwelling. Over 600 bacteriophages infecting Arthrobacter hosts have been isolated and sequenced, and genomic analyses show these phages to be highly diverse with mosaic genome architectures. We describe here a group of 32 Arthrobacter phages grouped in Cluster AZ, isolated on four different Arthrobacter strains all with siphoviral morphologies. The Cluster AZ phages exhibit a spectrum of diversity and can be subdivided into four subclusters. The diversity in minor tail protein and endolysin genes correlates partly with isolation host strain and may be predictive of the host range of these phages. Most of the Cluster AZ phages are temperate, form stable lysogens, and encode an integrase; however, an immunity repressor gene has not been identified. The intracluster diversity was analyzed in-depth at the whole genome level and through individual genes. As more Arthrobacter phages are isolated and analyzed they continue to provide new insights into phage evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Freise, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furlong, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klyczek, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beyer, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chong, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edgington, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibb, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swerdlow, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bendele, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cobb, I. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchell, Z. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cresawn, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia Costas, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rudner, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.26.655371</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparative genomic analysis of Cluster AZ Arthrobacter phages]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.23.654112v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evaluation of network inference algorithms for derivation of metabolic relationships from lipidomic and metabolomic datasets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.23.654112v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationVarious methods have been proposed to construct metabolic networks from metabolomic data; however, small sample sizes, multiple confounding factors, the presence of indirect interactions as well as randomness in metabolic processes are of major concern.

ResultsIn this study, we benchmark existing algorithms for creating correlation- and regression-based networks of changes in metabolite abundance and we evaluate their performance across different sample sizes of a generative model. Using standard interaction-level tests and network-scale analyses based on centrality scores, we assess how well these methods capture simulated metabolomic networks. Our findings reveal significant challenges in network inference and result interpretation, even when sample sizes are significant and data are the result of computer modeling of metabolic pathways. Despite these limitations, we demonstrate that correlation-based network inference can, to some extent, discriminate between two different metabolic states. This suggests potential utility in distinguishing overarching changes in metabolic processes but not direct pathways in different conditions.

AvailabilityAll relevant data is provided at https://github.com/HosnaJabbari/metabolicRelationships

Contactjabbari@ualberta.ca

Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Archinuk, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenyer, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stege, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, S. A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cuperlovic-Culf, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jabbari, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.23.654112</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evaluation of network inference algorithms for derivation of metabolic relationships from lipidomic and metabolomic datasets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.02.657522v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Purinergic receptor activation rectifies autism-associated endothelial dysfunction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.02.657522v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Early cerebrovascular alterations affect brain maturation by impacting trophic support and energy supply. Recent evidence in a 16p11.2 deletion mouse model of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) revealed brain endothelial abnormalities postnatally. Yet, the endothelial alterations eliciting these changes remain unknown. Isolation of brain endothelial cells (ECs) from 14-day old male 16p11.2-deficient and wild-type mice revealed that 16p11.2 deletion-induced endothelial dysfunction is linked to a bioenergetic failure, with reduced intracellular ATP. Intra- or extra-cellular ATP supplementation rescued the function of 16p11.2-deficient ECs in vitro via P2 purinergic receptor activation, specifically P2Y2 receptors. Activating P2Y2 receptors restored cerebrovascular reactivity in 16p11.2-deficient parenchymal arterioles ex vivo and rescued 16p11.2 deletion-associated mouse behaviors. Taken together, this study demonstrates that metabolic reprogramming of brain ECs via purinergic receptor engagement represents a possible therapeutic avenue for ASD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ouellette, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warsi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romero, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khare, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aubert-Tandon, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pileggi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yandiev, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freitas-Andrade, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Comin, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harper, M.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manickam, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dabertrand, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saghatelyan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lacoste, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.02.657522</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Purinergic receptor activation rectifies autism-associated endothelial dysfunction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.09.658517v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hyperpolarization activated cation channel mediated intrinsic plasticity changes underlie the malleability of with-in cell-type electrophysiological heterogeneity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.09.658517v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Within cell-type neuronal electrophysiological, morphological, and transcriptomic heterogeneity is the norm in the brain. Although generally considered a fixed property within cell-types, this heterogeneity is malleable and declines in regions of the human brain that generate seizures. Building off this foundational work we hypothesize that such plasticity of cell-type heterogeneity, specifically its decline, arises from the shared history of neuronal activity that drive intrinsic plasticity mechanisms in a concerted fashion. To explore this hypothesis we study neuronal activity in two model systems: human cortical slice cultures from patients with epilepsy as well as slices from the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and subiculum of rodent kainic acid (KA) model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Biophysical properties and spiking dynamics were characterized using whole-cell patch clamp recordings of layer 2 and layer 3 (L2&3) pyramidal neurons in human slice culture as well as deep layer subicular neurons and layer 5 (L5) mPFC of KA mice. We found a significant decline in biophysical heterogeneity and a reduction in information coding in both the KA and slice culture models. In both these models we found a consistent increase in hyperpolarization-activated cation current (HCN) dependent electrophysiological properties, the blockade of which restored electrophysiological heterogeneity and information coding. Our findings demonstrate that within cell-type heterogeneity is malleable, and despite being a complex distributed network property, can be tuned by a single ionic current. These findings emphasize the plasticity of within cell-type heterogeneity, suggesting the potential for targeted interventions to restore neuronal heterogeneity changes that accompany epilepsy and potentially other neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chameh, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Falby, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Movahed, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arbabi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarathy, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tripathy, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lefebvre, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valiante, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.09.658517</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hyperpolarization activated cation channel mediated intrinsic plasticity changes underlie the malleability of with-in cell-type electrophysiological heterogeneity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.22.660951v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distinct sex differences in the production of steroids and neuropeptides in the adult zebrafish brain-pituitary gonadal axis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.22.660951v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Zebrafish are increasingly used as experimental models in studies of human disease, environmental toxicology, and reproductive biology. However, sex differences in hormone production are rarely examined, despite evidence from gene mutation studies indicating differential effects in females and males. The emerging reproductive peptide secretoneurin (SN) has not been quantitatively compared between sexes in any species. Here, we employed a newly developed extraction and LC-MS method to simultaneously quantify and compare levels of five steroids and thirteen peptides in brain, pituitary, and gonads. As expected, testosterone (T) and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) were higher in male tissues, while estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2) were elevated in the female pituitary/ovary and brain, respectively. Estriol (E3) was more abundant in testes. Gonadotropin-releasing hormones Gnrh2 and Gnrh3 were notably higher in testes. Oxytocin (isotocin) and vasopressin (vasotocin) were elevated in the female brain and in testes. Kisspeptins 1 and 2 also showed higher levels in testes. Similarly, SNa and SNb were more abundant in the female brain and pituitary, and markedly higher in testes than ovaries. Several smaller SN fragments were detected at low levels, with patterns suggesting sex-specific enzymatic processing. These findings reveal pronounced sex differences in both classical and emerging reproductive hormones and identify the SN peptide family as a new component of the brain-pituitary-gonadal axis. This dataset provides a foundation for future studies on sexually differentiated neuropeptide production and function across tissues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Peng, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trudeau, V. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.22.660951</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distinct sex differences in the production of steroids and neuropeptides in the adult zebrafish brain-pituitary gonadal axis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.25.661657v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Two-Phase Core-Plasma Model for Microvascular Blood Flow: Comparative Analysis of Hemodynamic Models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.25.661657v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microcirculatory blood flow exhibits complex non-Newtonian behavior, including shear-thinning properties and the formation of a cell-free layer (CFL)--a plasma-rich region near vessel walls. While traditional rheological models such as Newtonian, Power Law, and Carreau describe certain flow characteristics, and empirical models like the double-parameter power fit have been used to capture velocity profiles, these approaches fall short in fully characterizing the dynamic interplay between red blood cells (RBCs) and plasma. This study introduces the Core-Plasma Model, a two-phase framework that integrates Newtonian and non-Newtonian elements to represent the RBC-rich core and surrounding CFL. In vitro experiments in 25 {micro}m and 50 {micro}m round channels across varying flow rates, hematocrit levels (5-20%), and suspending media (PBS and native plasma) demonstrate the models superior ability to capture velocity and shear rate profiles. The Core-Plasma Model offers a robust platform for advancing microscale hemodynamic predictions and deepening the understanding of microvascular flow dynamics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Salame, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fenech, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.25.661657</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Two-Phase Core-Plasma Model for Microvascular Blood Flow: Comparative Analysis of Hemodynamic Models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.01.662597v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sequence Analysis of P4-ATPases Reveals the Structural Determinants for the Stable Monomeric P4B-ATPase Phospholipid Transporters. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.01.662597v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The P4-ATPase family of phospholipid flippases plays a critical role in the maintenance of membrane asymmetry and consequently, various roles in cellular protein traffic and eukaryotic homeostasis. Currently, several structures of these (usually heterodimeric) phospholipid flippases have been resolved, along with extensive biochemical characterization of the substrate transport properties. However, an essential subfamily of monomeric phospholipid flippases, the P4B-ATPases, remains to be characterized in depth. While these P4B-ATPases appear to have similar lipid transport properties to their heterodimeric counterparts, the P4A-ATPases, the basis of their existence as monomers is currently unknown. In addition, the unique features of this group have yet to be comprehensively analyzed since the resolution of one P4B-ATPase member. In this study, we investigated the divergence of P4B-ATPases from other P-type ATPases using a structure-based sequence analysis approach. This led to identification of features unique to P4B-ATPases, as well as previously unidentified conserved properties of P4-ATPases. The results of this study provide a basis for further studies on P4-ATPases to characterize conserved properties of this group that supersedes substrate specificities.

MANUSCRIPT INFORMATION- Number of manuscript pages: 20 (double-spaced).
- Number of Figures: 5.
- Number of Tables: 3.
- Supplementary materials include 2 supplementary tables.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sai, K. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajan, S. A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.01.662597</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sequence Analysis of P4-ATPases Reveals the Structural Determinants for the Stable Monomeric P4B-ATPase Phospholipid Transporters.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.14.664661v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Swidden pollen spectra are unique, having no modern analogues 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.14.664661v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
O_LISlash-and-burn cultivation (SABC), a widespread premodern agricultural practice, shaped vegetation across the temperate zone of Eurasia for millennia, yet the SABC-associated plant communities and their modern analogues remain poorly understood.
C_LIO_LIWe compared 74 fossil pollen spectra from radiocarbon-dated swidden horizons with 223 modern surface soil spectra using non-metric multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis.
C_LIO_LIThe results show that slash-and-burn cultivation creates a unique palynological assemblage in soil, distinguishable from forests, meadows, fallows, and ruderal habitats. This signature was most pronounced in sites from broad-leaved coniferous forest, where cryptogam diversity was highest.
C_LIO_LIHere, we report that pollen spectra from buried swidden soils across the Eastern European forest zone consistently form a distinct and cohesive cluster, lacking modern analogues. These spectra are characterized by high proportions of Betula, Tilia, Epilobium angustifolium, cereal pollen, and a diverse assemblage of spores (Marchantia, Lycopodium, Pteridium), reflecting a mosaic of post-cultivation successional stages.
C_LIO_LIInsect activity, particularly pollen-storing burrows of ground-nesting bees, may enhance the swidden signal through selective accumulation of fireweed entomophilous pollen.
C_LIO_LIOur results provide SABC reference pollen spectra for temperate mixed and deciduous forest zones and can be used as a tool for reconstructing the extinct suite of plant communities associated with swidden cultivation.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ershova, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ponomarenko, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pimenov, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.14.664661</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Swidden pollen spectra are unique, having no modern analogues]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.14.664680v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pollen indicators of slash-and-burn agriculture in forest soils and peatlands: a case study of Zvenigorod biological station (Moscow region, Russia) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.14.664680v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This study aimed to analyze pollen indicators of slash-and-burn agriculture in soils and aquatic deposits of the southern forest zone of Eastern Europe. Pollen spectra from buried swidden soils (500 - 1800 cal BP) were compared with coeval peat layers and modern surface soils. Swidden horizons exhibited highly distinctive pollen spectra, characterized by Betula dominance, low conifer pollen, and the presence of cultivation indicators (Cerealia) and post-fire succession taxa (Chamaenerion, Pteridium, Marchantia). The abundance of insect-pollinated Chamaenerion angustifolium - the most prominent indicator - suggests both its wide distribution in swidden landscapes and a possible link to ground-nesting bee activity, which may aid in identifying buried swiddens. In peat records, the onset of slash-and-burn agriculture was marked by microcharcoal, a decline in late-successional trees, a rise in pioneer taxa, and the appearance of agricultural indicators. Betula dominance in both archives reflects secondary stands typical of long-term swidden use. However, indicators of cultivation and succession were much less pronounced in peat. Our results show that paleosol pollen spectra provide reliable, site-specific evidence of swidden agriculture through local indicator taxa and traces of bee activity, though they tend to overrepresent local vegetation. In contrast, peat and lake records offer broader regional perspectives but detect swidden activity only indirectly. These insights provide a methodological basis for localizing ancient agricultural practices in future archeology and palaeoecology-related studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ershova, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pimenov, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ponomarenko, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krivokorin, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakumenko, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krenke, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.14.664680</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pollen indicators of slash-and-burn agriculture in forest soils and peatlands: a case study of Zvenigorod biological station (Moscow region, Russia)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.17.665141v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Synaptic and intrinsic membrane defects disrupt early neural network dynamics in Down syndrome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.17.665141v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Down syndrome, caused by trisomy 21, affects around six million people worldwide and features learning, memory and language deficits. However, the mechanisms underlying trisomy 21 neurophenotypes involving human cortical circuitry are unknown. By characterising developing neural network dynamics and single cell excitability profiles, with synaptic and voltage-dependent ion channel behaviour, using an isogenic induced pluripotent stem cell- derived neuronal model, we show that trisomy 21 impairs the activity and development of cortical circuitry. This is caused by deficient glutamatergic synaptic connectivity and by aberrant intrinsic membrane properties involving K+ and Na+ channels culminating in spike firing defects that weaken neural network activity and disrupt the synchrony of developing neurons. We also identify transiently activated A-type K+ channels, specifically Kv4.3 channels, as a key orchestrator for Down syndrome during neurodevelopment. Overall, these excitability changes will significantly contribute towards the aberrant neurophenotypes observed later on in life.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hannan, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alic, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murray, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mortensen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plecas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Brien, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naud, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizetic, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smart, T. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.17.665141</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Synaptic and intrinsic membrane defects disrupt early neural network dynamics in Down syndrome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.28.667134v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extracting Value Coding Features from Individual Serotonin Neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.28.667134v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Adaptive behaviour requires animals to continually reevaluate the appetitive or aversive quality of their surroundings. Dorsal raphe serotonin neurons, the main source of serotonergic input to the forebrain, have been implicated in both signaling the quality of an animals environment and regulating reward-seeking and punishmentavoiding behaviour, but the precise quantity signaled by these neurons has remained unclear, as well as how these neurons relate with behaviour. Using open-access recordings of serotonergic neurons of the dorsal raphe nucleus while animals perform a dynamic Pavlovian task, we compare firing rate and behavioral data with a model that considers reward history accumulated over a tunable timescale. Our Bayesian parameter estimation supports that serotonergic neurons are consistent with reward history being estimated over about a hundred trials on average, with a heterogeneity across individual neurons spanning 30 to 300 trials. Anticipatory licking also correlated with reward history at multiple timescale, but could not be dissociated from that of a time/thirst nuisance variable and otherwise mostly on a timescale faster than seen in serotonergic cells. These results provide a more precise picture of the dynamics of serotonergic cells under a dynamic Pavlovian task.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Harkin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beique, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naud, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.28.667134</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extracting Value Coding Features from Individual Serotonin Neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.26.666132v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Processing and sectioning of organ donor spinal cord tissue for electrophysiology on acute human spinal cord slices 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.26.666132v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Acute spinal cord slice electrophysiology is a powerful technique used in preclinical basic science research to investigate sensory and motor neuron function and pathophysiology. A major barrier that stands between implementing these findings into effective clinical treatments is the translational gap between rodent models and human patients. To date, no methods or protocols describe how to prepare viable human spinal cord slices for acute electrophysiological recordings. To bridge this translational divide, we describe here a protocol for the extraction of spinal cord tissue from consenting human organ donors and the preparation and sectioning of this tissue for acute spinal cord slice electrophysiology. With the collaboration of a transplant service and licensed surgeon, tissue can be extracted in 30-50 minutes. Acute spinal cord slices can then be prepared in the laboratory by trained graduate students in 2.5-5 hours, depending on the amount of tissue and scope of experiments. Using a viability stain to confirm that spinal slices are of sufficient quality to proceed, slices can then be used for either patch-clamp recordings to study the excitability of individual neurons or for high-density multielectrode array recordings to study intact sensory circuits. Slices remain viable for 4 to 8 hours, providing ample time for investigating synaptic and circuit-level signalling dynamics, including the use of pharmacological agents to probe the roles of specific molecular targets. The approaches described here can be implemented to improve translational physiological research and as a human tissue-based preclinical drug target identification and validation assay.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dedek, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gambeta, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shriraam, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Topcu, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDermott, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krajewski, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hildebrand, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.26.666132</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Processing and sectioning of organ donor spinal cord tissue for electrophysiology on acute human spinal cord slices]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.31.667659v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Elevated brain α-synuclein, phosphorylated-tau, and oxidative stress in mice that survived influenza A pneumonitis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.31.667659v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Influenza virus infection increases the incidence of parkinsonism in humans. We have previously shown that allelic variants at the Parkinsons disease (PD)-linked Lrrk2 locus modulate host responses in vivo. Here, we asked whether Lrrk2 kinase activity alters disease outcomes in adult mice that survived a nasally acquired infection. We inoculated mice with the mouse adapted A/Fort Monmouth/1/1947 influenza A virus, serotype H1N1 (LD50, 2x103 plaque forming units), leading to pneumonitis. We found that neither the hyperkinase-active Lrrk2 p.G2019S knock-in mutant nor the kinase-dead Lrrk2 p.D1994S mutant altered the course of an acute H1N1 lung infection. We then probed for long-term effects of H1N1 pneumonitis on brain health by monitoring surviving mice for six weeks post-inoculation. Intriguingly, at this time point, when mice had recovered and showed no detectable viral proteins in the brain, levels of H2O2 and protein nitrotyrosination were significantly elevated in H1N1 survivors vs. mock-treated littermates. In addition, total -synuclein concentrations were increased in an infection-dependent manner but independent of the Lrrk2 genotype. Intriguingly, at the same timepoint, the ratio of phosphorylated-to-total tau (but not total tau itself) was significantly increased in the brains of H1N1-virus exposed Lrrk2 p.G2019S mice compared to wild-type animals. Our collective results demonstrate that a preceding pneumotropic influenza A virus infection can lead to a rise in several neurodegeneration-linked markers in the brains of surviving mice. The increased ratio of phosphorylated-to-total tau in Lrrk2 p.G2019S animals adds to the growing evidence of interactions between specific microbial pathogens and allelic variants at the Lrrk2 locus. The described outcomes in animals that survived an influenza A virus infection may be of relevance to the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases in ageing humans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lunn, M. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lengacher, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hake-Volling, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomlinson, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>aSCENT-PD Investigators,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlossmacher, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.31.667659</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Elevated brain α-synuclein, phosphorylated-tau, and oxidative stress in mice that survived influenza A pneumonitis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.16.670672v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transgenic Cowpea Expressing Synthetic BtCry1Ab Confers High Resistance to Legume Pod Borer (Maruca vitrata) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.16.670672v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cowpea, an important food legume crop, suffers significant yield losses due to insect pests, particularly the legume pod borer (Maruca vitrata). Narrow genetic base and lack of sufficient resistance to M. vitrata in existing cowpea germplasm, make them less effective in managing M. vitrata populations. To address this challenge, a transgenic approach is explored. In this study, we develop transgenic cowpea with enhanced resistance to M. vitrata by overexpressing a synthetic cry1Ab gene, driven by constitutive CaMV35S viral promoter, in an Indian cowpea cultivar. High expression of Cry1Ab was detected in leaves and pods. Bioassays with M. vitrata and Helicoverpa armigera larvae demonstrated significant resistance of transgenic lines to these lepidopteran pests. The transgenic lines exhibited reduced pod damage, decreased larval feeding, and increased insect mortality compared to non-transgenic controls. NMR analysis demonstrated absence of any new metabolites in transgenic plants. Furthermore, these transgenic lines showed no penalty on growth and development. The transgenic lines exhibited no observable phenotypic drawbacks, indicating their promise for sustainable agricultural practices. Our findings suggest that these transgenic cowpea lines could offer broad-spectrum protection against these pests, providing an effective pest management solution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jothi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maravi, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altosaar, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalia, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahoo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.16.670672</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transgenic Cowpea Expressing Synthetic BtCry1Ab Confers High Resistance to Legume Pod Borer (Maruca vitrata)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.18.670973v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Suite of Stains: Characterization of four fluorophores as complementary tools for visualizing neutral lipids in an extremophilic green alga 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.18.670973v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding lipid metabolism in algae is critical to advancing our knowledge on fundamental algal physiology and for harnessing these organisms as platforms for the sustainable production of high-energy lipids. BODIPY is the most prevalently used fluorescent dye for the visualization of lipid droplets (LDs) in algae; however, its limitations warrant exploration of alternatives. Here we evaluate and compare four lipophilic fluorophores (BODIPY, DAF, Cou, DPAS) for their effectiveness in staining LDs in the extremophilic green alga Chlamydomonas priscui. We assess each dyes photophysical properties, synthetic accessibility, LD specificity, cellular toxicity, and suitability for microscopy and flow cytometry. All four dyes successfully stain LDs, but their performance diverges under different experimental conditions. BODIPY permits long-term incubation allowing quantification in time-course studies but exhibits poor LD specificity and high susceptibility to photobleaching. DAF enables polarity-sensitive staining but is highly toxic on prolonged exposure or during cellular stress. Cou and DPAS yield strong LD-specific signals with low cytotoxicity, making them ideal for studies involving environmental stress. However, DPAS requires room-temperature incubation, pointing toward greater potential utility for non-extremophilic algae. These results expand the toolbox for lipid biotechnology research in extremophiles and underscore the importance of tailoring dye selection and experimental conditions to algal physiology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Osmers, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boisvert, E.-J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boddy, C. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fogg, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cvetkovska, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.18.670973</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Suite of Stains: Characterization of four fluorophores as complementary tools for visualizing neutral lipids in an extremophilic green alga]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.19.670903v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Proteomic Signatures of Podocyte Injury Are Reflected in Urinary Extracellular Vesicles in Pediatric Nephrotic Syndrome. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.19.670903v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a common glomerulopathy in children and presents with significant proteinuria. There are no reliable clinical or biochemical markers of disease relapse, or prognosis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, membrane-bound biological effectors released from stressed cells. We previously showed increases in podocyte-specific urinary EVs from children with disease relapse in NS, with numbers returning to near-zero in remission. Herein, we have expanded this work to evaluate puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) injury by characterizing proteomic signatures of podocytes and their EVs in vitro. In addition, we performed data-independent proteomic analysis (DIA) to characterize changes in signatures of EVs from pediatric patients with active NS versus remission. Our key findings reveal PAN-injured podocytes increase large EV (LEV) secretion in vitro; moreover, DIA uncovered changes in cellular and LEV proteomes that were also observed in urinary LEVs from patients with active disease. Urinary LEV proteomes from children with active NS were significantly different than those in remission, highlighted by 645 and 240 unique proteins associated with disease or remission, respectively. This foundational work provides the impetus for a larger, prospective biomarker study aimed at identifying EV-specific proteins associated with relapse versus remission.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cooper, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hovey, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lajoie, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kennedy, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burger, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myette, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.19.670903</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Proteomic Signatures of Podocyte Injury Are Reflected in Urinary Extracellular Vesicles in Pediatric Nephrotic Syndrome.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.19.671129v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
IRP1 deficiency alters mitochondrial metabolism and protects against metabolic syndrome pathologies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.19.671129v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP1) is a post-transcriptional regulator of cellular iron metabolism. In mice, loss of IRP1 causes polycythemia through translational de-repression of hypoxia-inducible factor 2 (HIF2) mRNA, which increases renal erythropoietin production. Here we show that Irp1-/- mice develop fasting hypoglycemia and are protected against high-fat diet-induced hyperglycemia and hepatic steatosis. Discovery-based proteomics of Irp1-/- livers revealed a mitochondrial dysfunction signature. Seahorse flux analysis in primary hepatocytes and differentiated skeletal muscle myotubes confirmed impaired respiratory capacity, with a shift from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolytic ATP production. This metabolic rewiring was associated with enhanced insulin sensitivity and increased glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. Under metabolic stress, IRP1 deficiency altered the redox balance of mitochondrial iron, resulting in inefficient energy production and accumulation of amino acids and metabolites in skeletal muscle, rendering them unavailable for hepatic gluconeogenesis. These findings identify IRP1 as a critical regulator of systemic energy homeostasis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilkinson, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fillebeen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blackburn, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahinyan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonneil, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soleimani, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richard, V. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borchers, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koulman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jenkins, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michalke, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zischka, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sailer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venkataramani, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iliopoulos, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sweeney, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pantopoulos, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.19.671129</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[IRP1 deficiency alters mitochondrial metabolism and protects against metabolic syndrome pathologies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.25.672237v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Juvenile Hormone Signalling Underlies the Switchpoint and Differentiation of Soldiers in Camponotus floridanus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.25.672237v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multicellular organisms are composed of various cell types derived from cellular determination and differentiation, which carry out specialized functions in the individual. Ant societies are composed of various castes of individuals derived from caste determination and differentiation, which divide specialized tasks in the colony. From cells to societies, the underlying mechanisms orchestrating determination and differentiation at different biological levels are fundamental in generating biological diversity. While past work has described the developmental process of caste determination and differentiation in ants, the endocrinological and molecular basis for these processes in the genus Camponotus remains unknown. Here we show that minor worker and soldier development is determined by a Juvenile hormone (JH)-mediated minor-soldier switchpoint in C. floridanus. Hormonal treatments identified a sensitivity period when JH can induce bipotential larvae to become soldiers. Induced soldiers phenocopy natural soldiers in size and soldier-specific head-to-body allometry and this is associated with a heterochronic shift in metamorphosis. Furthermore, we molecularly characterize the activity of the JH pathway at the level of synthesis, degradation, reception, and downstream effectors during caste determination and differentiation. Surprisingly, rather than JH synthesis, we found JH reception and JH degradation are the major signalling processes differentially regulated across castes and RNAi of juvenile hormone degradation enzymes generates soldiers. Finally, our data suggests that the hyperdiverse genus Camponotus has independently evolved a JH-mediated minor-soldier switchpoint similar to that known in Pheidole. More generally, the evolution of plastic hormonal regulation may facilitate the origin of developmental determination and differentiation processes underlying complex adaptive phenotypes.

Significance StatementAnts live in complex societies like a superorganism where individuals divide reproductive and various non-reproductive labors, which are analogous to the array of functions of germ cells and highly differentiated somatic cells in an organism. While there are over 1500 species of the hyperdiverse genus Camponotus, a genus whose diversity reflects their complex caste system including minor workers and soldiers, the molecular and endocrinological basis for how these castes develop remains unknown. Here we have identified a juvenile hormone (JH) mediated minor-soldier switchpoint during larval development, and have characterized components of the JH signalling pathway that regulate soldier development. This work enables further understanding of how castes are regulated across ants and social insects more broadly.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>MacMillan, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perrakis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Craig, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ntanga, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajakumar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.25.672237</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Juvenile Hormone Signalling Underlies the Switchpoint and Differentiation of Soldiers in Camponotus floridanus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.26.672423v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Loss of Sox10 in a HER2+ model prevents tumor initiation and induces luminal-to-basal reprograming in cancer cells. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.26.672423v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The SRY-HMG-Box transcription factor SOX10 plays a critical role in neural crest development, but its function in epithelial tumorigenesis remains unclear. Here, we identify SOX10 as a key regulator of tumor-initiating activity in Neu-driven mammary cancers. Genetic ablation of Sox10 in the luminal compartment of MMTV-Neu (NIC) mice resulted in delayed but normal mammary gland development. Sox10 deletion resulted in a reduction in mammary progenitors and tumor initiating activity with a complete loss of tumor initiation in Sox10-deficient luminal cells. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Sox10 inactivation in Neu-transformed tumor cells led to diminished self-renewal in mammosphere assays, markedly impaired growth in orthotopic transplant models and profoundly reduced lung colonization following tail vein injection, suggesting a depletion of cancer stem cell activity. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that Sox10-deficiency in Neu+ tumor cells induces a luminal-to-basal/stem-like shift and the downregulation of several genes associated with genetic networks regulating stemness. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that Sox10 is required for a permissive luminal cell state for Neu-driven tumor initiation and that it is critical for cancer stem cell activity and the establishment of metastases.

SignificanceThe Sox10 transcription factor is critical for mammary stem cell function and plasticity. Animal studies suggest that different subtypes of breast cancers arise from luminal epithelial cells and hypothesized the implication of luminal stem cells in breast cancer initiation. We show that Sox10 deletion in the luminal compartment of adult female mice abrogates tumor initiation. Sox10 inactivation impairs tumor cell growth, dissemination and reprograms luminal Neu+ tumor cells to a basal phenotype. Our data supports a model whereby luminal progenitors are required for tumor initiation, self-renewal and growth at distant sites. The findings suggest that therapies aimed at interfering with Sox10 activity or expression might be beneficial in the treatment of breast cancers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Garland, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delisle, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abou-Hamad, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Souza, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuccarini, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Auer, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sabourin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.26.672423</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Loss of Sox10 in a HER2+ model prevents tumor initiation and induces luminal-to-basal reprograming in cancer cells.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.27.672590v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evidence of spinal cord comparator modules for rapid corrections of movements 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.27.672590v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Successful movement requires continuous adjustments in response to changes in internal and external environments. To do so, neural circuits continuously compare efference copies of motor commands with sensory input to respond to sensory prediction errors. Some responses need to be very fast and, for limbs, likely occur in as yet undefined spinal cord circuits. Here, we describe spinal circuits involving dI3 neurons, showing that they receive multimodal sensory inputs and direct efferent copies from both Renshaw cells and motor neurons. We further show that they form connections to motor pools, including diverging connections to antagonist motor nuclei. Reducing dI3 neuronal activity diminished stumbling responses, as did disrupting Renshaw cell circuits, providing evidence for a comparator role of dI3 neurons for online corrections. Together, our findings reveal a pivotal role for dI3 neurons functioning as comparators of internal predictions and external sensory feedback to mediate rapid corrections of ongoing movements.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ozyurt, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiasson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laliberte, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nascimento, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayer, W. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhumbra, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akay, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bui, T. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beato, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brownstone, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ronzano, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.27.672590</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evidence of spinal cord comparator modules for rapid corrections of movements]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.31.673361v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Keeping an Eye on Plasticity Genes: Insulin/TOR Pathway Components Mediating Nutritional Plasticity of Eyes Within and Between Sex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.31.673361v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The eyes of insects exhibit extreme morphological variation through changes in size and shape. While the model organism Drosophila melanogaster has been used to elucidate the underlying gene networks and cell-signalling pathways that regulate the patterning and growth of the eye, insight into the regulators of nutrient-dependent growth and allometry within and between the sexes remains poorly understood. Here we show that perturbations of different nodes of the Insulin/TOR pathway modulate the impact of nutritional variation on the growth of the eye to varying degrees, and that this is further influenced by sex. When starved, wild-type flies decrease in eye size and body size isometrically in females, yet males change eye-to-body size allometrically. Subsequently we used eye-specific RNAi to knockdown each component of the Insulin/TOR pathway to characterize the influence each component has in modulating nutritional plasticity of the sizing properties of the eye. Surprisingly, this resulted in a range of size and scaling variation, components modulating the plastic response on eye size mean, eye-to-body slope, intercept, as well as eye size variance, some effects ranging in magnitude from shutting off plasticity to amplifying, and some which were sex-limited. Therefore, components of the Insulin/TOR pathway vary in their degree and ability to influence the effect of nutritional variation on eye growth within and between sexes in terms of average size, allometry at both the level of intercept and slope, as well as the degree of variance. More generally, the morphospace and allometry of a trait can evolve within and across the sexes through modifications of plasticity genes that mediate gene-by-environment interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Heffernan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Etchells Foisy, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajakumar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.31.673361</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Keeping an Eye on Plasticity Genes: Insulin/TOR Pathway Components Mediating Nutritional Plasticity of Eyes Within and Between Sex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.05.674529v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure-based discovery of inhibitors of Mac1 domain of nonstructural protein-3 of SARS-CoV-2 by machine learning-augmented screening of chemical space 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.05.674529v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Significant efforts have been recently dedicated to the discovery of small molecule inhibitors against the Macrodomain 1 (Mac1) of nonstructural protein 3 (NSP3) as potential antivirals for SARS-CoV-2. Thus, Mac1 has also been selected as the target for the Critical Assessment of Hit-finding Experiments (CACHE) challenge #3. As contestants in that challenge, we developed a computational strategy that ranked on the top among all 23 participants in the competition and resulted in the discovery of a novel chemical series of non-charged Mac1 inhibitors. Those have been identified through the combination of machine learning-accelerated virtual screening of Enamine REAL Diversity Subset of approximately 25 million compounds and consequent hit expansion into the entire Enamine REAL Space library. In particular, the initially identified hit compound CACHE3-HI_1706_56 (KD = 20 {micro}M) was explored by probing 17 close analogues from a library of 44 billion molecules from the Enamine REAL. All those analogues effectively displaced the Mac1-binding ADP-ribose peptide, and 12 were confirmed to engage with Mac1 by the Surface Plasmon Resonance experiments, revealing a new chemical series of compounds for hit-to-lead optimization.

The structure of the CACHE3-HI_1706_56-Mac1 complex was further determined at high resolution with crystallography, confirming initial computational predictions. Our results illustrate the effectiveness of ML-accelerated docking to rapidly identify novel chemical series and provide a strong foundation for the development of SARS-CoV-2 NSP3 Mac1 inhibitors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ban, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravichandran, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Correy, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herasymenko, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ackloo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolotokova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chau, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harding, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hutchinson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loppnau, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fraser, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schapira, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cherkasov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gentile, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.05.674529</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure-based discovery of inhibitors of Mac1 domain of nonstructural protein-3 of SARS-CoV-2 by machine learning-augmented screening of chemical space]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.07.674770v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The impact of rearing environment on C. elegans: Phenotypic, transcriptomic and intergenerational responses to 3D enriched habitats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.07.674770v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Environmental context profoundly influences organismal biology, yet laboratory studies often rely on simplified conditions that may not fully capture natural phenotypic repertoire. This exploratory study investigated how rearing environment affects various aspects of Caenorhabditis elegans biology by comparing worms cultured in three-dimensional decellularized fruit tissue scaffolds with those raised on standard two-dimensional agar plates. While fat content and feeding rate remained stable across conditions, other life history traits demonstrated varying degrees of plasticity in response to environmental context. We observed that scaffold-grown worms exhibited reduced body size, altered reproductive strategies, and mild enhancements in stress resistance, burrowing ability, swimming kinematics and exploratory behavior. RNA sequencing revealed distinct transcriptional profiles between scaffold-grown and agar-grown worms, with most changes arising within one generation. Some traits showed evidence of intergenerational inheritance. Our findings highlight the sensitivity of C. elegans biology to rearing conditions and underscore the importance of considering environmental context in interpreting laboratory results. This work sets the foundation for future research into the mechanisms underlying environmental adaptation and phenotypic plasticity in model organisms.

Summary statementThis study reveals how simple changes in environmental complexity can alter the development, behavior, and gene expression of laboratory animals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guisnet, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halaby, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivest, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romero Quineche, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hendricks, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.07.674770</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The impact of rearing environment on C. elegans: Phenotypic, transcriptomic and intergenerational responses to 3D enriched habitats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.09.674944v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inter-individual variability of neurotransmitter receptor and transporter density in the human brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.09.674944v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurotransmitter receptors guide the propagation of signals between brain regions. Mapping receptor distributions in the brain is therefore necessary for understanding how neurotransmitter systems mediate the link between brain structure and function. Normative receptor density can be estimated using group averages from Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging. However, the generalizability and reliability of group-average receptor maps depends on the inter-individual variability of receptor density, which is currently unknown. Here we collect group standard deviation brain maps of PET-estimated protein abundance for 12 different neurotransmitter receptors and transporters across 7 neurotransmitter systems, including dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, glutamate, GABA, cannabinoid, and opioid. We illustrate how cortical and subcortical inter-individual variability of receptor and transporter density varies across brain regions and across neurotransmitter systems. We complement inter-individual variability with inter-regional variability, and show that receptors that vary more across brain regions than across individuals also demonstrate greater out-of-sample spatial consistency. Altogether, this work quantifies how receptor systems vary in healthy individuals, and provides a means of assessing the generalizability of PET-derived receptor density quantification.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hansen, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuisku, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johansson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGinnity, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beliveau, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guimond, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ganz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norgaard, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galovic, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bezgin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cox, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hietala, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leyton, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kobayashi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosa-Neto, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Funck, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palomero-Gallagher, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knudsen, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marsden, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hammers, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nummenmaa, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuominen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Misic, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.09.674944</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inter-individual variability of neurotransmitter receptor and transporter density in the human brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.09.674984v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
H3.3 De Novo Mutations Alter Lysine 36 Methylation via Distinct Mechanisms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.09.674984v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bryant-Li-Bhoj syndrome (BLBS) is caused by de novo mutations on histone H3.3 and is generally characterized by severe neurodevelopmental deficits. Oncogenic H3.3 amino acid substitutions were described over the past decade, but the molecular impact of BLBS mutations remained unstudied. The remarkable number and spread of the missense mutations led us to hypothesize that some converge on the same downstream effectors.

We recently showed that H3.3G34R/V substitutions, seen in both cancer and BLBS, impair associations with the DNMT3A DNA methyltransferase. Our proteomic, enzymatic, and structural analyses now show that H3.3 BLBS mutations flanking glycine 34 have surprisingly stark effects on H3K36 methyltransferases, drastically altering H3K36 methyl states in cis and the binding of effector proteins with a PWWP domain, including DNMT3A/B. That confirms the existence of molecular commonalities amongst BLBS H3.3 point mutants while providing some of the first mechanistic insights into the syndrome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Morcos, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarvan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saettone, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vo, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bayoumy, O. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angireddy, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burke, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenblatt, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jabado, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhoj, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gingras, A.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Couture, J.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campos, E. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.09.674984</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[H3.3 De Novo Mutations Alter Lysine 36 Methylation via Distinct Mechanisms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.09.674331v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Resynchronization of the biological clock using exposure to low oxygen levels in humans: an exploratory study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.09.674331v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IntroductionCircadian desynchronization, evident in scenarios such as jet lag, shift work, and circadian rhythm sleep disorders, detrimentally affects sleep quality and overall health, both acutely and chronically. Aligning the circadian system with environmental time cues is therefore essential for maintaining physiological and psychological well-being. While luminotherapy and melatonin supplementation are widely used to facilitate circadian realignment, emerging evidence suggests that fluctuations in oxygen levels may also help in circadian realignment. However, the effect of hypoxia on the synchronisation of the circadian clock in humans remains largely unexplored.

MethodsUsing a randomized controlled crossover study design, 11 healthy participants (6 men, 5 women, mean age 23.3 {+/-} 1.9 years) completed one baseline condition and two 48-h experimental conditions. The baseline condition (BL) was used to establish circadian markers. Both experimental conditions simulated a phase advance of 4 hours. In condition 1 (Hypo), participants underwent a 2-hour normobaric hypoxic exposure (FiO2 = 12%), starting 2 h after habitual wake time. In condition 2 (Lum+Mel), participants received a 3-hour luminotherapy session (500 nm, 506 lux) at the same time point, combined with 5 mg of exogenous melatonin administered 6 hours before usual bedtime. Salivary melatonin levels were measured in each phase of the study to assess circadian phase shifts. Data were analyzed using linear mixed models.

ResultsSalivary melatonin levels increased progressively over time in all conditions (p < 0.001), with significant differences observed between experimental conditions (p < 0.001), but no interaction effect (p = 0.854). Exposure to hypoxia significantly reduced oxyhemoglobin saturation (p < 0.05) and increased heart rate and subjective symptoms of fatigue. In terms of circadian phase, the dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) occurred 1.30 hour (78 minutes) earlier in the Lum+Mel condition compared to baseline (p=0.001). In the hypoxia condition, the DLMO occurred on average 0.58 hour (34.8 minutes) earlier than baseline, but this change did not reach statistical significance (p=0.156).

ConclusionsThis study provides preliminary evidence that normobaric hypoxia may modestly advance the human circadian phase, although not to a statistically significant extent. In contrast, combined phototherapy and melatonin administration produced a robust and significant phase advance in salivary melatonin onset. These findings suggest that while hypoxia may influence circadian timing, established interventions like light and melatonin remain more effective for circadian realignment. Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms and optimize the application of hypoxia in circadian modulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Morin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forest, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nolet, K. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bourgon, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duval, F.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mauger, J.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imbeault, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.09.674331</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Resynchronization of the biological clock using exposure to low oxygen levels in humans: an exploratory study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.17.676913v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Implicit processes do not contribute to learning to reach in small mirror reversed environments 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.17.676913v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Learning to reach with a small visuomotor rotation (VR; a rotation of visual feedback relative to hand motion) has been shown to arise unconsciously (i.e., implicitly). Whether the same processes support learning in a small mirror reversal (MR), where feedback is reflected across the body midline, remains unknown. To address this gap, we asked whether implicit processes contribute to learning in a small MR. Forty-two right-handed participants reached to targets located 10{degrees} to the left and right of body midline using a Kinarm exoskeleton robot. Half of the participants experienced a VR distortion (VR group), which consisted of a 20{degrees} clockwise or counterclockwise cursor rotation. The remaining participants experienced a 20{degrees} MR distortion (MR group), where cursor feedback was reflected across body midline (y-axis). Following reaches with a VR or MR distortion, participants completed assessment trials in which they reached in the absence of cursor feedback to assess implicit learning. Analysis of angular errors (AE) revealed that all participants in the VR group learned to reach with the VR distortion, however, only 55% of MR participants learned to reach with the MR distortion. AEs on the no-cursor trials revealed that only the VR group engaged in implicit learning. These findings demonstrate that MR learning, even when small MR distortions are introduced, is not supported by implicit learning. The absence of implicit learning in MR provides evidence that MR is a different form of learning (i.e., skill acquisition) compared to VR learning (i.e., motor adaptation).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Heirani Moghaddam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cressman, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manson, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.17.676913</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Implicit processes do not contribute to learning to reach in small mirror reversed environments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.22.677845v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cardiomyocyte-expressed TGFβ signals to fibroblasts to program early heart maturation and adult myocyte identity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.22.677845v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transforming growth factor {beta} (TGF{beta}) is a secreted growth factor that is sequestered to the extracellular matrix (ECM) as a latent complex. In adult disease TGF{beta} release in the heart transforms fibroblasts into a differentiated state that synthesizes more ECM. However, it is not known how TGF{beta} functions in the early developing heart to impact resident fibroblasts. Here, we observe that deletion of the Tgfb1, Tgfb2, and Tgfb3 genes (TGF{beta} ligands) from cardiomyocytes in the early developing heart results in cardiac dysfunction by 6 weeks of age with altered fibroblast activity and altered ECM content. Early postnatal hearts from Tgfb1/2/3 cardiomyocyte-deleted mice are dysmorphic and cardiac fibroblasts have incorrect activity and produce inappropriate ECM with reduced stiffness. Gene expression profiling of hearts from myocyte-specific Tgfb1/2/3 deleted mice reveal defects in both cardiomyocyte and fibroblast maturation with ectopic expression of multiple skeletal muscle-specific genes beginning at embryonic day 17.5 and progressing with age. However, cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of TGF{beta} receptors I/II encoding genes (Tgfbr1/2) or Smad2/3 encoding genes (Smad2/3) do not recapitulate this phenotype suggesting that TGF{beta} directly programs early heart fibroblast development that in turn specifies cardiomyocyte maturation. Importantly, Col1a2-/-;Col6a2-/- mice with defective cardiac ECM stiffness, mice lacking cardiomyocyte Itgb1 with reduced ECM load sensing, and Tcf21-/- embryos at E17.5 lacking cardiac fibroblasts each fail to generate the same pathologic ECM program with ectopic cardiomyocyte differentiation observed with Tgfb1/2/3 myocyte-specific deletion. These and additional results indicate that TGF{beta} generated by cardiomyocytes in the embryonic heart mediates fibroblast differentiation that co-evolves the ECM environment that in turn programs cardiomyocyte maturation to establish their identity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Minerath, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kasam, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swoboda, C. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prasad, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grimes, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blair, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khalil, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alfieri, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eads, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saviola, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azhar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tallquist, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weirauch, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yutzey, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Millay, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molkentin, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.22.677845</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cardiomyocyte-expressed TGFβ signals to fibroblasts to program early heart maturation and adult myocyte identity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.22.677841v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spinal dI3 neurons are involved in sustained motor adaptation elicited by low-threshold cutaneous afferents 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.22.677841v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Adaptation of muscle activity to meet a certain target or intention is traditionally attributed to supraspinal structures. However, evidence is mounting that this process can occur within the spinal cord through intrinsic plasticity and circuit reorganization. Here, we investigate the role of a class of excitatory spinal interneurons, called dorsal interneuron 3 (dI3), in the acquisition of novel motor behaviors independent of supraspinal input. Using a real-time closed-loop stimulation paradigm in spinalized mice, we promoted a persistent adaptation in the hindlimb position to be higher than its resting level by delivering saphenous nerve stimulation contingent on toe elevation. The stimulation intensities were calibrated to selectively recruit low-threshold mechanoreceptors (LTMRs). To test the contribution of dI3s in this motor adaptation, inhibitory DREADD (hM4Di) receptors were expressed in Isl1/Vglut2 cells, achieving reversible, cell-type-specific silencing of dI3s. Our results demonstrate that stimulation of cutaneous inputs to the spinal cord contingent on a certain positional goal can generate sustained changes in motor activity, in this case, in the form of elevation of toe position above a preset vertical threshold. Chemogenetic silencing of dI3s abolished this motor adaptation induced by activation of LTMRs. These findings indicate that dI3 activity is essential for a particular type of motor adaptation driven primarily by LTMR input.

NEW & NOTEWORTHYWe developed a real-time, closed-loop stimulation paradigm in spinalized mice using kinematic video tracking to trigger electrical stimulation of the saphenous nerve. We discovered that low-threshold stimulations targeting non-nociceptive cutaneous afferents can elicit sustained motor adaptations independently from supraspinal input. Furthermore, using two chemogenetic techniques to transiently inhibit a population of spinal neurons, called dI3s, we found that these neurons are crucial for integrating these low-threshold stimuli to elicit sustained changes in motor behaviour.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Khan, E. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nasiri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiasson, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Couvrette, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laliberte, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bui, T. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.22.677841</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spinal dI3 neurons are involved in sustained motor adaptation elicited by low-threshold cutaneous afferents]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.22.677889v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hemodynamic and electrophysiological progression of the Rose Bengal photothrombotic stroke model in mice: vasoactive properties of Rose Bengal, tissue heating, wavelength optimization, and sex differences in lesion volume 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.22.677889v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The photothrombotic stroke model is gaining popularity due to its relative simplicity, minimal invasiveness, and clinical relevance. Photothrombosis involves the delivery of an intravascular photosensitizer (Rose Bengal) followed by its photoactivation, resulting in vessel occlusion and ischemia. Using a combination of complementary optical and non-optical techniques, we characterized the physiological changes in mice undergoing photothrombosis. We report that Rose Bengal acts as a rapid vasoconstrictor, inducing hypoemia both in the brain and periphery even in the absence of its photoactivation. Conversely, we find that light, when used at photothrombosis-appropriate intensities and durations, induces large amounts of tissue heating and hyperemia even in the distal non-illuminated hemisphere. Furthermore, we show that use of the optimal photothrombotic wavelength based on the Rose Bengal absorption spectrum (yellow-561nm) produces a more consistent and pronounced drop in blood flow, and a shorter latency to the initial spreading depolarization (SD), ultimately resulting in a larger stroke. Similarly, when yellow light is used to induce a stroke in ChR2-expressing mice, the electrophysiological and hemodynamic confounds from green light cross activation of ChR2 are eliminated. Finally, we observe across cohorts that male mice have larger strokes than females. Altogether, we extensively describe important caveats and confounds concerning photothrombosis and provide a detailed characterization of its early ischemic events.

Significance statementPhotothrombosis is a powerful model of ischemic stroke which uses light to photoactivate an intravascular dye (Rose Bengal). However, little is known about the independent effects of both the Rose Bengal and the light used to activate it. We show that both manipulations introduce separate confounds relevant to stroke outcomes, something which should be considered and accounted for when using this technique. In addition, we demonstrate that by using the optimal Rose Bengal excitation wavelength, the blood flow drop is more pronounced and consistent, resulting in larger strokes and perhaps better modelling human injury. Furthermore, we show that precautions can be taken to avoid spectral overlap when integrating photothrombosis in optogenetic experiments. Finally, we explore sex differences in lesion volume.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chary, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rehmani, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silasi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.22.677889</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hemodynamic and electrophysiological progression of the Rose Bengal photothrombotic stroke model in mice: vasoactive properties of Rose Bengal, tissue heating, wavelength optimization, and sex differences in lesion volume]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.23.678069v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Conservation and divergence of transcriptional heterogeneity in the cardiac conduction system 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.23.678069v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cardiac conduction system (CCS) consists of specialized cardiomyocytes that initiate and propagate electrical activity through the heart. While the transcriptional programs underlying CCS development and function have been studied within individual species, how these programs compare across species and developmental stages remains unclear. Here, we present a comprehensive cross-species and cross-stage analysis of the CCS transcriptome using single-cell/single-nucleus RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomic datasets from human, mouse, rat, zebrafish, and medaka hearts. We identify shared and species-or stage-specific gene expression patterns, spanning CCS-wide, zonal-, and component-level features, as well as conserved gene regulatory networks across the species. Many conserved genes are associated with human CCS function and related disorders, highlighting their translational relevance for conduction disease. This work refines the molecular characterization of CCS cell types across vertebrates and provides a resource for advancing our understanding of CCS development, function, and pathology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bakr, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dababneh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tibbits, G. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, K.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.23.678069</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Conservation and divergence of transcriptional heterogeneity in the cardiac conduction system]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.23.678072v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional and metabolomic analyses of brown adipose tissue during cold-deacclimation reveal rapid adaptations in N-acetylated amino acid metabolism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.23.678072v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) in brown adipose tissue (BAT) is rapidly activated in cold environments and is an important thermoregulatory process. Despite the consensus that BAT is inactive under warm ambient temperatures, few studies have sought to examine the metabolic remodelling that occurs when recovering from the cold and re-acclimating to thermoneutral environments (28-32{degrees}C). To elucidate mitochondrial functional and structural aspects involved in BAT metabolic remodelling during cold deacclimation, we acclimated C57BL/6J mice to the cold (4{degrees}C) for 7 days, and subsequently transferred them to thermoneutrality (30{degrees}C) for 3 h, 12 h, 24 h, or 48 h. Comprehensive metabolic phenotyping analyses demonstrated elevated metabolic rates and high food intake during the cold acclimation period, which immediately decreased by [~]40% upon returning to thermoneutrality. High-resolution respirometry of saponin-permeabilized BAT revealed decreases in mitochondrial leak uncoupling by 24 h of cold deacclimation, which corresponded with gradual declines in mitochondrial protein content and UCP1 gene expression. Decreases in BAT mitochondrial content paralleled declines in protein content, as indicated by decreases in the mtDNA/nDNA ratio and mitochondrial surface area by 48 h of cold deacclimation. Metabolomic analysis of BAT from cold-acclimated mice and from mice deacclimated for 48 h at thermoneutrality revealed major changes in pathways related to amino acid metabolism, the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), glutathione, and purine metabolism. Marked decreases in the abundance of N-acetylated amino acids in cold deacclimated mice corresponded with increased aminoacylase 1 (Acy1) expression. Together, these findings highlight the profound metabolic remodelling in BAT during thermogenesis and deactivation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pileggi, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McIlroy, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamilton, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuksal, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kennedy, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasilyeva, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanaan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El Hankouri, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burelle, Y. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cuperlovic-Culf, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harper, M.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.23.678072</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional and metabolomic analyses of brown adipose tissue during cold-deacclimation reveal rapid adaptations in N-acetylated amino acid metabolism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.24.678291v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Isolation of Extracellular Vesicles from Minimal Volume Ascites Fluid Using Strong Anion Exchange Magnetic Beads 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.24.678291v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ovarian cancer (OC) remains a leading cause of gynecologic cancer mortality due to late-stage diagnosis and limited early detection strategies. Ascites fluid, a pathological hallmark of OC, is a rich source of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) that reflect the tumor microenvironment and hold promise for biomarker discovery. However, isolating EVs from minimal ascites volumes (<100 {micro}L) poses technical challenges using conventional methods like ultracentrifugation (UC) or size-exclusion chromatography. This study explores the application of strong anion exchange (SAX) magnetic beads (Mag-Net) for efficient EV isolation from as little as 2 {micro}L of ascites fluid from both murine models and a human patient with mucinous borderline tumor. We demonstrate that Mag-Net achieves robust EV capture at 10{micro}l of input volume, enabling comprehensive proteomic profiling and single-EV surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) with a >2-fold increase in proteomic depth compared to raw ascites. Notably, this study was able to identify 1000 proteins not previously annotated in Vesiclepedia for OC-derived EVs, alongside distinct SERS signatures, highlighting the potential for multiomic analysis. Comparative analysis with UC revealed enhanced proteomic depth obtained with Mag-Net beads, albeit we also observed differential detection of canonical markers (e.g., CD9, CD81) between input volumes of ascites fluid. These findings establish Mag-Net as a scalable, low-input platform for EV-based biomarker discovery, paving the way for improved early detection and molecular insights into OC progression.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=155 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/678291v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cooper, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veliz, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Afzali, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hovey, O. F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myette, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnston, T. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wells, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robertson, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burger, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abraham, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shepherd, T. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Craig, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lagugne-Labarthet, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lajoie, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Postovit, L.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.24.678291</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Isolation of Extracellular Vesicles from Minimal Volume Ascites Fluid Using Strong Anion Exchange Magnetic Beads]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.27.678958v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intrinsic Neural Oscillations Predict Verbal Learning Performance and Encoding Strategy Use 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.27.678958v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Individuals adopt different encoding strategies to facilitate learning. However, few studies have investigated the neurophysiological basis that support these different encoding strategies across individuals. The present work addresses this gap by extending our previous findings on the direct relationship between cortical spectral power, measured via resting-state magnetoencephalography, and performance on standard cognitive test results. Our results highlight the complex interactions between endogenous brain oscillations, learning and verbal encoding strategies assessed by the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT-2). First, we found that resting-state theta oscillations were significantly associated with verbal learning and subjective clustering strategies. Second, we observed that semantic clustering is facilitated by oscillatory patterns in left sensory-motor brain regions. Finally, our analyses revealed that serial and semantic clustering strategies are related to opposite regression patterns, indicating a competitive interaction. Together, these findings provide novel insights into the neural oscillatory dynamics that support diverse encoding strategies in verbal learning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Oswald, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landry, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>abdelhedi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lippe, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robaey, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jerbi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.27.678958</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intrinsic Neural Oscillations Predict Verbal Learning Performance and Encoding Strategy Use]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.30.679576v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MECP2 Mutations Rewire Human ESC Fate and Bias Cortical Lineage Commitment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.30.679576v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rett syndrome arises from loss-of-function mutations in the X-linked chromatin regulator MECP2, yet the earliest molecular derailments in human development remain poorly defined. Using isogenic hESC models carrying three patient-derived MECP2 mutations, we followed the transcriptome from pluripotency through neuro-ectoderm, neural stem, and neural progenitor stages and into three-month cerebral organoids. Stage dominated transcriptional variance, but mutants shared a secondary program enriched for synaptic-membrane and extracellular-matrix genes. Single-cell profiling revealed a naive-like, hyper-proliferative state marked by up-regulation of ZFP42 at ESC stage. Strikingly, EMX1, a cortical radial-glia determinant, was consistently suppressed from the earliest stage onward, and cerebral organoids subsequently generated fewer excitatory neurons in favour of inhibitory and glial lineages. These data chart a continuous developmental trajectory for MECP2-mutant human cells and nominate ZFP42 and EMX1 dysregulation as tractable entry points for dissecting Rett pathogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guillon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabet, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gromaire, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernard, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laurent, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rabin, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asali, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flamier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.30.679576</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MECP2 Mutations Rewire Human ESC Fate and Bias Cortical Lineage Commitment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.01.676159v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ca2+ Plateau Potentials Reflect Cross-Theta Cortico-Hippocampal Input Dynamics and Acetylcholine for Rapid Formation of Efficient Place-Cell Code 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.01.676159v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A central tenet of Systems Neuroscience lies in an understanding of memory and behavior through learning rules, but synaptic plasticity has rarely been shown to create functional single-neuron code in a causal and biophysically rooted manner. Behavioral Time-Scale Synaptic Plasticity (BTSP), identified in vivo, holds a great potential for explaining instantaneous hippocampal selectivity emergence by long-term potentiation (LTP), yet the cellular and endogenous mechanisms are unknown, impeding broader conceptualization of this novel rule for its algorithmic, systems-level and theoretical implications. Here, we addressed this gap by in-vivo, ex-vivo, in-silico and computational approaches to seek neurophysiologically inspired protocols for synaptically evoking Ca2+ plateau potentials and inducing potentiation in the CA1. We found induction of BTSP-LTP is best explained by a theta-oscillation-paced, gradually developed cellular state being supported with precisely timed weak ramping inputs. Remarkably, the previously presumed one-shot LTP for in-vivo place-field formation is possible under the influence of muscarinic activation. Through modeling, the notion of acetylcholine-gated BTSP gave rise to a computational advantage for low-interference continual learning. We further demonstrated that biophysics of Transient Receptor Potential (TRPM) and NMDA receptor (NMDAR) channels powerfully shapes the cross-theta dynamics underlying BTSP. These results which cover pre-, post-synaptic and neuromodulatory factors and their timing suggest fundamental principles for graded plateau potentials and hippocampal LTP induction. Overall, our work dissects cellular mechanisms potentially important for a prominent in-vivo hippocampal plasticity phenomenon, and offers a biological basis for framing BTSP as an input-dynamics-aware, neuromodulation-tuned synaptic algorithm.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, H.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, X.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naud, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.01.676159</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ca2+ Plateau Potentials Reflect Cross-Theta Cortico-Hippocampal Input Dynamics and Acetylcholine for Rapid Formation of Efficient Place-Cell Code]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.01.679820v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Electrospectrometry of the Mouse Brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.01.679820v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A powerful computational feature of the brain is its ability to compartmentalize different functions in a way that can be flexibly recombined. Experimental evidence for such modularity arose from cytoarchitecture, connectivity, and electroencephalograms, while magnetic resonance imaging could attest that this modularity is dynamic. More spatially precise and more widely recordable, the local field potential (LFP) has an unknown brain wide organization. Here, we developed deep electrospectroscopy, a method to assess nonlinear spectral similarity between the LFP of different areas. A brain-wide application of this technique to the mouse brain revealed an organization composed of groups of spectrally similar areas. Such communities were mostly found in the fore-brain and showed an organization that did not strictly follow the cytoarchitecture. For instance, visual parts of the cortex and the visual parts of the colliculus were found in the same community. These electrospectral communities reshaped with context, showing splitting and merging operations, growing in size around brain areas required for a task. In particular, upper and lower limb parts of the somatosensory cortex were primarily in separate communities but merged during a task that required turning a wheel. Similarly, oculomotor reflexes and associative parts of the thalamus merged during the visuo-motor task. These analyzes show that LFPs are organized in a modular fashion, offering a window onto subcortical and layer-specific contributions to the compositionality of cortical brain functions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beique, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naud, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.01.679820</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Electrospectrometry of the Mouse Brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.01.679597v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BRCA mutation alters the stromal landscape in normal ovaries 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.01.679597v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
For BRCA mutation (BRCA+) carriers, the risk of ovarian cancer can be as high as 59% compared with 1.4% for the general population. While the impact of BRCA mutations on epithelial cell transformation has been extensively studied, we hypothesize that these mutations cause structural changes that prematurely transform the ovary into a rich metastatic niche that supports the early onset of ovarian cancer. Analysis of collagen content and organization in human ovaries revealed increased coherence associated with fibrosis in premenopausal BRCA+ ovaries relative to those without a BRCA mutation. Brca1 deficiency and haploinsufficiency in murine ovarian fibroblasts triggered the expression of hallmarks of senescence, including Cdkn2a (p16) and acidic {beta}-galactosidase activity. Brca1-deficient fibroblasts also acquired an antigen-presenting myofibroblastic phenotype, characterized by expression of MHC-II molecules, -SMA and extracellular matrix components, suggesting the capacity to modulate immune activity and drive structural changes resembling fibrosis. These results provide insight into the mechanisms contributing to accelerated ovarian aging in BRCA+ carriers.

TeaserBRCA mutation promotes fibroblast hyperactivity and senescence that changes the stromal architecture of the ovarian niche.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vaishnav, H. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murray, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piccolo, O. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCloskey, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yakubovich, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macdonald, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Echaibi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trudel, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mes-Masson, A.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drapkin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landry, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vanderhyden, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.01.679597</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BRCA mutation alters the stromal landscape in normal ovaries]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.30.679680v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Differential effects of aging and Alzheimer's disease on microemboli clearance in a mouse model of microinfarction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.30.679680v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundCerebral microinfarcts often occur as a result of microvessel occlusion and are prevalent among dementia patients and the aging population. Detailed studies on the timecourse of microvascular occlusions indicate that endogenous mechanisms exist to re-canalize occluded vessels. One recently discovered mechanism is angiophagy, where vessels engulf and expel microemboli, thus mitigating damage caused by micro-occlusions. While several previous studies have shown that angiophagy occurs in rodent models, the frequency and timing of this process is not well characterized. In addition, there is limited data on the impact of aging on angiophagy, or the occurrence of this process in clinically relevant diseases such as Alzheimers disease.

MethodsTo further study the timecourse of angiophagy, we induced micro-occlusions in young, aged and 3xTg Alzheimers mice via injection of 20m microspheres into the carotid artery. Mice were sacrificed on day 3, 7 or 14 and the brains were processed for brain-wide localization of microspheres and quantification of angiophagy.

ResultsWe found the largest number of microspheres in the neocortex, yet when accounting for region size, microspheres were more evenly distributed across brain regions. When quantifying angiophagy in young non-diseased mice, we found that approximately 43% of microspheres had extravasated from the vessel by day 14. This process was delayed in aged mice, with only 10% of microspheres extravasated by day 14. Moreover, in young 3xTg Alzheimers mice, we found the rate of angiophagy to be more efficient at day 14 compared to non-transgenic controls, with 47% and 43% of microspheres extravasated, respectively. A similar trend was observed in aged Alzheimers mice, in which 38% of microspheres were extravasated by day 14 in 3xTg mice, compared to only 30% in non-transgenic controls.

ConclusionsTaken together, we find that while aging impairs the process of angiophagy, Alzheimers mice exhibit a paradoxical increase in the rate of microsphere extravasation.

Graphical abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=90 SRC="FIGDIR/small/679680v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (17K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@760ec2org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@c2e2caorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@b76011org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1040eec_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Haugen, F. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silasi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.30.679680</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Differential effects of aging and Alzheimer's disease on microemboli clearance in a mouse model of microinfarction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.03.680377v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RamanBot: Versatile high throughput Raman system 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.03.680377v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool for qualitative and quantitative analysis in various scientific and industrial fields. However, the development of multisample automated screening remains relatively unexplored. In this paper, we develop RamanBot, a low-cost, easy-to-assemble, and automated Raman spectroscopy system designed for efficient signal collection from samples stored in different types of containers. For the first time, the proposed device introduces the Cartesian motion system, commonly used in 3D printers, to Raman spectroscopy automation. This is achieved by replacing the extrusion head of a commercially available 3D printer with a novel designed "Raman Head". The Raman head integrates all the necessary optical components required for in-place sample excitation and signal collection. A multimode fiber is used to deliver the excitation laser to the Raman head, whereas the collected Raman signal is delivered to the spectrometer via a fiber bundle. The motion system is programmed to scan predefined sample arrangements using the standard programming language for computer numerical control (G-code). The effect of movement precision on the Raman signal is studied. The introduced device is used in the quantitative analysis of ethanol and methanol. In addition, RamanBot is used to screen six eggs in their commercial packaging with minimal human intervention. The results show that the system is highly stable and capable of delivering reliable Raman measurements, making it a promising solution for high-throughput Raman spectroscopy applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Atia, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunter, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asare-Werehene, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>K. Tsang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anis, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.03.680377</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RamanBot: Versatile high throughput Raman system]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.06.680750v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neuromodulation of zebrafish primary motoneuron firing is shaped by developmental changes in the M-current 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.06.680750v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Movements during development are refined through the ongoing maturation of the spinal circuits that mediate them. In many vertebrates, including zebrafish, this maturation process involves neuromodulators such as acetylcholine, serotonin, and dopamine; however, the targets of this neuromodulation remain largely unknown. Recent work has revealed distinct developmental dynamics of the non-inactivating subthreshold potassium current - the M-current - in primary motoneurons of larval zebrafish. Considering that neuromodulators play a role in the maturation of locomotor control in larval zebrafish, we asked whether neuromodulators might target the M-current in primary motoneurons during development. Our patch-clamp experiments in primary motoneurons of zebrafish aged 3 to 5 days post-fertilization (dpf) reveal distinct modulation of the M-current by serotonin and acetylcholine that is age-dependent. Our data demonstrates an inhibitory influence of serotonin signaling via 5HT1A receptors that promotes repetitive firing in primary motoneurons specifically at 3 dpf. We also show that acetylcholine, likely via M2/M4 receptors, enhances the M-current and limits repetitive firing in primary motoneurons but does so only after 3 dpf. Modulation of the M-current in primary motoneurons was not observed across all neuromodulators as dopamine had no effect at any age. Considering that the M-current transiently peaks at 3 dpf and is reduced at 4 and 5 dpf, our findings suggest that the developmental changes in this current can shape how neuromodulators modulate firing properties of primary motoneurons.

Key pointsO_LIThe amplitude of the M-current is subject to modulation by several neuromodulators such as acetylcholine and serotonin
C_LIO_LISerotonin via 5HT1A inhibits the M-current in primary motoneurons at 3 dpf
C_LIO_LIMuscarinic agonist enhances the M-current in primary motoneurons after 3 dpf
C_LIO_LINeuromodulation of motoneuron firing properties by 5-HT1A and muscarinic agonist is consistent with modulation of the M-current
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bui, T. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaudreau, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.06.680750</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neuromodulation of zebrafish primary motoneuron firing is shaped by developmental changes in the M-current]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.09.681528v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Methane Cycling Microbes are Important Predictors of Methylmercury Accumulation in Rice Paddies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.09.681528v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbial production of methylmercury from inorganic mercury in rice paddies poses health risks to consumers of this essential dietary staple. Although mercury-methylating communities are well characterized, the microbial guilds contributing to methylmercury accumulation in rice paddies remain unclear. Here, we collected paddy soils across a mercury concentration gradient throughout the rice growing season to identify microbial and environmental factors influencing methylmercury dynamics. We show that hgcA gene abundance, the key gene required for methylation, was not a significant predictor of methylmercury concentration in paddy soils. We also show that merB gene abundance correlated with methylmercury in mercury-polluted rhizosphere samples. Methane cycling genes were actively expressed, and their beta-diversity was significantly associated with methylmercury levels. Methanogen abundance correlated with higher methylmercury under elevated total mercury concentrations. Analysis of the methanotroph-associated mbnT gene, implicated in demethylation, revealed an unexpected positive correlation with methylmercury. Multiple regression and machine learning models converged on mercury bioavailability and methanogen/methanotroph abundances as key predictors of methylmercury, with methanogen-associated hgcA gene abundance and methanogen-methanotroph interactions highlighted under flooded, low-redox conditions. These findings suggest that methane-cycling microbes play key roles in methylmercury cycling dynamics and point to management strategies that could simultaneously mitigate mercury pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.

ImportanceMethylmercury is a microbially-derived neurotoxin that accumulates in rice, which is a global food staple. Predicting mercurys fate in rice paddies is challenging because of the interplay between microbes responsible for methylmercury cycling and variables that control mercury availability. Our study coupled genomic and geochemical measurements with machine learning to identify the key predictors of methylmercury accumulation in paddy soils. We demonstrate that methanogen and methanotroph abundance, and mercury bioavailability, are major predictors of methylmercury variability in paddies. We show that considering interactions between methane cycling guilds improves our capacity to predict methylmercury accumulation in soils compared to approaches that rely solely on mercury cycling genes. This work can inform remediation strategies for mercury in rice paddies but also wetlands and permafrost where methane and mercury cycling are tightly coupled. Such strategies could provide a solution to simultaneously mitigate methylmercury exposure and reduce greenhouse gas emissions amid global environmental change.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poulain, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdelhafiz, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gregoire, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.09.681528</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Methane Cycling Microbes are Important Predictors of Methylmercury Accumulation in Rice Paddies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.16.682609v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Heart-On-a-Chip with Integrated Ultrasoft Mechanosensors for Continuous Measurement of Cell- and Tissue-scale Contractile Stresses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.16.682609v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Heart-on-a-chip platforms aim to miniaturize and replicate the complex structure and function of cardiac tissue. Traditionally, microfabricated pillar pairs have been employed in these systems to provide tissue anchorage and determine contractility parameters based on pillar deflection. However, this approach lacks the spatial resolution required to capture local cell- and tissue-scale mechanical stresses. In this study, we established a non-destructive optical method for continuous micro- and macro-scale contractile force measurements. We utilized our previously developed edge-labeled micro-spherical stress gauges (eMSGs) to map the stresses within a heart-on-a-chip. These ultrasoft mechanosensors visibly deform in response to stresses generated by cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM). The chip consisted of two cell-seeding chambers, each containing flexible silicone pillar pairs to support tissue formation and compaction. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (CMs) were encapsulated in a fibrin/Geltrex hydrogel mixture containing eMSGs and seeded into each chamber. Over time, the tissue compacted and began beating spontaneously, demonstrating structural alignment and functional cardiac hallmarks, such as calcium transients and tissue-scale beating. The effects of ECM composition on tissue function were examined, revealing that lower fibrin concentrations significantly enhanced contractile frequency, regularity, and stress generation. Local cell- and ECM-scale mechanics were further investigated by analyzing the shape changes of the dispersible sensors. Lateral and longitudinal stresses were calculated for each sensor, highlighting the critical role of tissue compaction and contraction in cell-generated forces. Finally, the platform was validated using two known drug candidates, with their effects on contractility clearly demonstrated.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mousavi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boghdady, C.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rostami, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shakeri, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rafatian, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aurousseau, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andelfinger, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Radisic, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moraes, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savoji, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.16.682609</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Heart-On-a-Chip with Integrated Ultrasoft Mechanosensors for Continuous Measurement of Cell- and Tissue-scale Contractile Stresses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.17.683092v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Computational modelling of functional maturation of primary motoneuron firing properties in developing zebrafish 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.17.683092v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Several ion currents of zebrafish primary motoneurons undergo changes in expression level during early development. Similarly, the firing properties of primary motoneurons and their involvement during locomotor activity change during early development as locomotor control of developing zebrafish matures. To test whether the experimentally observed changes in ion currents during development could underlie changes in firing properties and in participation during locomotor activity, we created models of primary motoneurons at developmental stages. Changes in the expression levels of a persistent outward potassium current, persistent inward potassium current, and several high-voltage activated calcium currents were modelled based on experimental observations. Simulations of our computational models replicated shifts in primary motoneuron firing properties and involvement during light-evoked swimming observed at 3 and 5 days post-fertilization. Our results suggest that developmental changes in specific ion currents of primary motoneurons could be sufficient to foster changes in firing properties of primary motoneurons that shape their activity level during maturation of motor control in developing zebrafish.

Key pointsO_LIDevelopmental changes in persistent inward and outward currents could explain changes in firing properties of primary motoneurons in larval zebrafish
C_LIO_LIModelling suggests these currents are sufficient to explain differences in primary motoneuron firing during light-evoked swimming responses at two developmental stages
C_LIO_LIDevelopmental changes in high-voltage activated calcium currents explain differences in appearance of persistent inward currents during voltage-clamp ramp
C_LIO_LIInteraction between high-voltage activated calcium currents and calcium-dependent potassium currents could explain why blocking calcium currents increases primary motoneuron firing
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gaudreau, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bui, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.17.683092</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Computational modelling of functional maturation of primary motoneuron firing properties in developing zebrafish]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.24.684416v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Serotonin stimulates proliferation of ionocytes via the 5-HT2A receptor in zebrafish larvae 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.24.684416v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Osmoregulation is an essential process in all living organisms. For aquatic organisms, such as freshwater fishes whose natural environment is hyperosmotic, specialized cells, called ionocytes, are present in the skin during developmental stages and contribute to the maintenance of osmotic homeostasis. Such cells are known to proliferate in response to osmotic stress, but the molecular mechanism by which that process is regulated remains poorly characterized. In this study, using immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy, we demonstrate that cutaneous ionocytes in developing zebrafish (Danio rerio) express serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) receptors by co-labeling with other known ionocyte markers, such as the Na+/K+-ATPase, Concanavalin A and Mitotracker. Furthermore, by quantifying ionocyte number through early stages of development, we implicate 5-HT2A receptors in initiating ionocyte proliferation. Exposure of zebrafish embryos and larvae to acidic pH, or exogenous 5-HT, increased the number of cutaneous ionocytes. The effects of both stimuli were abolished in the presence of the 5-HT2A receptor-specific antagonist, ketanserin. Moreover, activation of 5-HT2A receptors led to increased detection of ionocytes with phosphorylated extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), a key regulator of cell division and differentiation linked with 5-HT2A. We used tetrabenazine, an inhibitor of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (vmat2) and 5-HT storage, to deplete potential sources of 5-HT. Tetrabenazine treatment in fish exposed to acidic pH reduced ionocyte proliferation, implicating an endogenous source of 5-HT in regulation of ionocyte populations.These results demonstrate the importance of a pathway initiated by 5-HT2A activation that regulates ionocyte proliferation in developing zebrafish exposed to osmotic stress.

SUMMARY STATEMENTSerotonin stimulates 5-HT2A receptors on ionocytes leading to proliferation upon acclimation to acidic environments in zebrafish larvae.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>MacDonald, W. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jonz, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.24.684416</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Serotonin stimulates proliferation of ionocytes via the 5-HT2A receptor in zebrafish larvae]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.26.684639v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mapping Functional Dynamics Hotspots for Protein Engineering with NMR Peak Intensity Analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.26.684639v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Structural dynamics play a crucial role in protein function, and tuning these dynamics through mutagenesis has emerged as a promising strategy for enhancing activity. However, identifying dynamics hotspots for protein engineering remains a labor-intensive challenge. Here, we demonstrate that NMR peak intensity analysis--a rapid, qualitative method with residue-level resolution--can identify functionally relevant dynamic regions with high precision. Using a family of red fluorescent proteins (RFPs) as a case study, we reveal that flexibility in specific regions of their structures correlates with function. Specifically, as quantum yield increases, the side of the {beta}-barrel closest to the chromophore phenolate moiety becomes more rigid, while the opposite side, closest to the acylimine group, gains flexibility. Notably, the phenolate face corresponds to a mutational hotspot frequently targeted in directed evolution campaigns aimed at enhancing brightness, underscoring its functional significance. B-factor analysis of non-cryogenic X-ray crystal structures further supports our findings. Our results establish NMR peak intensity analysis as a promising tool for mapping functional dynamics hotspots to guide protein engineering campaigns.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Damry, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunt, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Legault, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goto, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chica, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.26.684639</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mapping Functional Dynamics Hotspots for Protein Engineering with NMR Peak Intensity Analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.29.685016v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Temporal dynamics of noradrenaline release at fine spatial scales during motor learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.29.685016v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Noradrenaline (NA) released from the locus coeruleus (LC) has been known to play pivotal roles in arousal, sensory processing, decision-making, and learning through global release across the entire neocortex. Recent studies have demonstrated heterogeneous and modular NA release in distinct brain regions and highlighted its spatiotemporal dynamics across the neocortex. However, the spatiotemporal specificity of NA release at fine scales within a single brain region remains unclear, and it has not been reported whether the release patterns evolve functionally throughout prolonged learning processes such as motor skill acquisition. Here, by employing in vivo two-photon imaging with various genetically encoded NA sensors, we reveal that behavior-induced NA release in the primary motor cortex (M1) is spatially heterogeneous at the scale of local microcircuitry. Over the course of learning, the release pattern is locally refined, achieving consistent spatial precision within M1. Intriguingly, pharmacological manipulations that disrupt the spatial specificity also alter local neurons activity and representations. Furthermore, LC-NA axonal calcium imaging uncovered two distinct temporal activity patterns, in which non-behavior-related  rapid axonal activity (sub-second duration events) profoundly affect the temporally precise behavior-induced  persistent axonal activity (seconds duration events). Closed-loop optogenetic manipulations that bi-directionally modulate non-behavior-related rapid events directly impacted the learning process. Together, our results provide novel insights into the temporal dynamics of NA release at fine spatial scales within one brain region and underscore the critical role of local NA specificity in regulating circuit plasticity during motor skill acquisition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jumarang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patriarchi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.29.685016</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Temporal dynamics of noradrenaline release at fine spatial scales during motor learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.31.685911v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Biotope-dependent High Level Resistance to Reactive Oxygen Species, Antibiotic Tolerance, and Virulence of Staphylococcus aureus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.31.685911v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human and livestock pathogen Staphylococcus aureus poses a major clinical challenge due to antibiotic treatment failure. Its resilience is mainly attributed to antibiotic resistance and tolerance mechanisms related to persistence. Here we investigate how two infection-relevant biotopes, milk and serum, shape S. aureus pathogenic properties and capacity to withstand environmental stresses. Milk-versus serum-adapted bacteria show gross differences in envelope physical properties, membrane fatty acid composition and rigidity, and pigment production, and display distinct proteomic profiles. Compared to serum, milk adaptation of S. aureus confers extreme resistance to ROS damage, pronounced antimicrobial tolerance, and accelerated killing in an insect infection model. High level S. aureus pigmentation in whole milk is stimulated by milk lipids, and is responsible for high ROS resistance. The remarkable robustness of S. aureus in a milk biotope may signal the need to adjust antibiotic regimens when treating mastitis infections in humans and livestock.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Leguillier, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gloux, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khalife, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Mello, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minic, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sentic, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Catto, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manzano, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pechoux, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Truchet, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaudu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nielsen-Leroux, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heddi, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruss, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vidic, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.31.685911</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Biotope-dependent High Level Resistance to Reactive Oxygen Species, Antibiotic Tolerance, and Virulence of Staphylococcus aureus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.04.686135v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Acute AMPK activation does not adequately stimulate insulin signaling in skeletal muscle models of Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.04.686135v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 (DM1) is a multisystemic neuromuscular disorder characterized by skeletal muscle weakness, muscle atrophy, myotonia, cognitive impairments, gastrointestinal complications, and insulin resistance. While insulin resistance is well characterized in type 2 diabetes, its pathomechanism in DM1 remains unclear. Our study aims to elucidate the pathomechanism of insulin resistance in DM1 and how the pathway responds to AMPK stimulation. Proteomic analysis from sedentary wildtype and sedentary HSA-LR mice, a common DM1 mouse model, revealed downregulation of the AMPK-PGC-1 axis. Analysis of sedentary HSA-LR mice and exercised HSA-LR mice revealed activation of the AMPK-PGC-1 axis in exercised animals. To investigate this pathway, we treated WT and HSA-LR mice with the AMPK activator AICAR to examine the impact of AMPK stimulation on insulin signaling in DM1. This revealed impaired responses in the insulin pathway activation in the HSA-LR mice. Next, we examined whether these differences extended to a human model by treating control and DM1 myotubes with insulin and/or AICAR. In DM1 myotubes, both treatments produced dampened responses of key insulin signaling intermediates compared to controls. Taken together, these results suggest impaired activation of insulin signaling pathways in DM1 models and confirm the presence of insulin resistance with an impaired response to acute AMPK stimulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Adjei-Afriyie, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spendiff, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carmona-Martinez, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hentschel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Neil, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dawe, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roos, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ljubicic, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacKenzie, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravel-Chapuis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lochmuller, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.04.686135</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Acute AMPK activation does not adequately stimulate insulin signaling in skeletal muscle models of Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.12.688021v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Redefining Ovarian Fibrosis Through Comparative Analysis of Collagen Architecture 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.12.688021v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Short abstractOvarian fibrosis is a known pathology of reproductive aging, becoming a growing concern for infertility and complex ovarian diseases. In research, mouse and human ovary samples are utilized, though distinct differences between species warrant validation of architectural phenotypes to accurately define its pathology. Using polarized light microscopy and orientation analysis of collagen fibers in mouse and human ovaries, we define ovarian fibrosis as the accumulation and/or anisotropic organization of fibrillar collagen within the ovarian stroma and/or cortex.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aitken, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kadhim, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murray, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landry, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.12.688021</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Redefining Ovarian Fibrosis Through Comparative Analysis of Collagen Architecture]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.12.688094v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
No rest for the rodent: energy management strategies in the naked mole-rat 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.12.688094v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Organisms have access to a limited amount of energy that must be distributed among multiple physiological processes. Broadly, the total daily energy expenditure (DEE) can be partitioned into maintenance costs (i.e., resting metabolic rate RMR) and active energy expenditure (AEE). The slope (b) between DEE and RMR provides insights into energy management strategies. In the additive model, where changes in activity are independent of maintenance energy, DEE and RMR follow a part-whole relationship with b=1. In the allocation model, where increased activity requires compensatory reductions in maintenance costs, a limit on DEE causes a DEE-RMR relationship with b<1. In the performance model, increased activity causes an increase in maintenance costs, which causes a DEE-RMR relationship with b>1. Despite their high lifetime energy expenditure and resistance to age-related metabolic decline, energy management is yet to be explored in the African naked mole-rat (NMR, Heterocephalus glaber). To investigate metabolic strategies in the NMR, repeated metabolic and activity measurements were taken in 32 individual NMRs using a multiplexed metabolic system. DEE was not repeatable, thus the DEE-RMR covariance at the among-individual level could not be fitted. At the within-individual level, however, the positive correlation between RMR and activity and the DEE-RMR relationship with b > 1 indicated support for the performance model. Hence, our results indicate that within-individual changes in activity and RMR are associated, suggesting that when a NMR increases activity on a given day, the impact on DEE are disproportionate because of a concurrent increase RMR.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chan, P. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turchyn, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Careau, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pamenter, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.12.688094</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[No rest for the rodent: energy management strategies in the naked mole-rat]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.17.688915v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sex- and ketogenesis-dependent effects of intermittent fasting against diet-induced obesity and fatty liver disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.17.688915v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ABSTRACTSIntermittent fasting (IF) improves metabolic health, yet the requirement for hepatic ketogenesis in mediating these benefits remains unclear. Here, we investigated how hepatic ketogenesis contributes to the metabolic and hepatic effects of IF in male and female mice. In the human liver, ketogenesis-associated genes showed sex-dependent correlations with inflammatory and fibrotic pathways. In mice, fasting increased circulating ketone bodies, with females exhibiting a greater rise, indicating intrinsic sex differences in ketone metabolism. IF reduced body weight and adiposity in both sexes, and these systemic benefits persisted despite antisense oligonucleotide (ASO)-mediated knockdown of hepatic Hmgcs2. In contrast, hepatic benefits were sex- and ketogenesis-dependent. IF markedly reduced steatosis and fibrosis in male mice, but these improvements were attenuated or abolished when hepatic ketogenesis was disrupted.

Female mice showed minimal hepatic benefit from IF and displayed heightened susceptibility to steatosis, fibrosis, and inflammatory activation under ketogenic insufficiency. Single-cell transcriptomic analyses identified neutrophils and myofibroblasts as key responders to hepatocyte-derived ketone bodies, and IF suppressed neutrophil-driven inflammatory signaling in a ketogenesis-dependent manner in males but not females. Together, these findings demonstrate that while systemic metabolic improvements from IF are largely ketogenesis-independent, the hepatic anti-steatotic and anti-fibrotic effects of IF are sexually dimorphic and require intact hepatic ketogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aslani, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asif, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stocker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dababneh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mullick, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tibbits, G. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, R. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fullerton, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mulvihill, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Son, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, K.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.17.688915</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sex- and ketogenesis-dependent effects of intermittent fasting against diet-induced obesity and fatty liver disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.18.684874v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TurboID-based proximity labeling enables in vivo mapping of Plasmodiophora brassicae secretome in Arabidopsis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.18.684874v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
O_LIPlasmodiophora brassicae, the causal agent of clubroot disease, is an obligate biotrophic protist belonging to the poorly characterized Rhizaria. Its intracellular lifestyle and resistance to genetic manipulation have hindered functional analysis of its effector repertoire, leaving mechanisms underlying disease development unresolved. Here, we sought to experimentally define the P. brassicae secretome within infected plant cells and identify effectors targeted to specific host subcellular compartments.
C_LIO_LIA proximity labeling approach based on the TurboID biotin ligase was used to capture pathogen-derived proteins within the nucleus, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum, and plasma membrane of infected Arabidopsis roots during primary and secondary stages of clubroot disease.
C_LIO_LIThis strategy yielded the first in planta experimental view of the P. brassicae secretome, identifying both established and previously uncharacterized effectors. The resulting dataset provides a valuable resource and methodological framework for dissecting effector function in this and other intracellular plant pathogens.
C_LIO_LIThis study expands our understanding of Rhizarian pathogenicity and provides a methodological template for identifying the secretomes of other obligatory intracellular plant pathogens.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kalinger, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallipeau-Burns, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hossain, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nourimand, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mietkiewska, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Talasila, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uhrig, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Todd, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacLean, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.18.684874</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TurboID-based proximity labeling enables in vivo mapping of Plasmodiophora brassicae secretome in Arabidopsis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.20.689475v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Global warming drives the evolutionary rate of H1N1 and H3N2 influenza viruses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.20.689475v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes of the seasonal influenza A virus have circulated among humans for decades. Because of their pathogenicity, these viruses have been extensively studied from epidemiological, molecular and evolutionary perspectives. Their seasonality is primarily driven by variations in temperature and humidity, which also play a key role in shaping outbreak dynamics. Yet, despite numerous studies estimating the substitution rates of different Influenza A subtypes, it remains unclear whether these rates change over time in response to shifting climate conditions. To address this outstanding question, we collected genomic sequences of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes for both H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes circulating worldwide. Keeping only sequences from countries with records spanning at least 2 decades, we performed a Bayesian analysis to estimate substitution rates. We show that substitution rate is driven by temperature for both subtypes and genes for multiple countries (Australia, China, Japan, Netherland, Russia, Thailand, U.S.A.). When it is not the case, a power analysis indicates a potential lack of sequences to detect the effect. As temperatures keep increasing due to global warming, further research is needed to understand if a speed up in the influenza evolution rate has any impact on epidemic burden.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vilain, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mghabghab, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aris-Brosou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.20.689475</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Global warming drives the evolutionary rate of H1N1 and H3N2 influenza viruses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.24.690250v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Subanesthetic Ketamine Disrupts Predictive Signaling in the Prefrontal Cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.24.690250v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Corollary discharge (CD) signals allow the brain to predict and suppress the sensory consequences of its own actions, providing stability to perception and thought. Disruption of these predictive mechanisms has long been hypothesized to contribute to the disorganization of experience in schizophrenia, yet direct circuit-level evidence has been lacking. Here, we show that ketamine, a dissociative N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, at subanesthetic doses, selectively disrupts CD signaling in the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC)--a region thought to be the seed of mental representations and one of the most affected areas in schizophrenia. We recorded activity from 1,342 neurons in LPFC areas 8a and 9/46 of macaques performing a visuospatial working-memory task in a virtual environment, before and after subanesthetic ketamine administration. Ketamine impaired performance and increased overall firing rates but markedly suppressed saccade-related responses carrying CD signals. This led to decreased discriminability of eye movement signals. This finding links two major ideas in neuroscience research: the role of disrupted glutamate signaling and the failure of the brains predictive models. It provides evidence for how these mechanisms may interact in the prefrontal cortex to disturb the sense of reality.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Corrigan, B. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roussy, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luna, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gulli, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schall, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sachs, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palaniyappan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez-Trujillo, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.24.690250</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Subanesthetic Ketamine Disrupts Predictive Signaling in the Prefrontal Cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.25.690620v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ClsDiff-AMP30: Generating Antimicrobial Peptides by a Classifier Guidance Noise Predictor 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.25.690620v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent a promising therapeutic strategy to combat the increasing challenge of multidrug-resistant pathogens, a crisis intensified by the overuse of conventional antibiotics. In addition to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, low toxicity, and reduced propensity for resistance development, AMPs offer significant advantages over traditional antibiotic therapies. However, the discovery of novel AMPs through biological experiments remains constrained by high costs, labor-intensive workflows, and time-consuming procedures, underscoring the urgent need for in silico computational methods to design AMP sequences. Notably, shorter AMPs ([&le;] 30 residues) demonstrate superior antimicrobial efficacy, improved structural stability, and minimal cytotoxicity toward human cells. To address these challenges, we present a classifier-guided diffusion framework specialized for generating AMPs shorter than 30 residues (ClsDiff-AMP30). The architecture integrates two interdependent submodels, including a noisy AMP classifier that evaluates AMP likelihood at intermediate denoising steps and a noise predictor guided by classifier-derived probability scores, dynamically adjusted via a self-optimized coefficient to modulate guidance strength. ClsDiff-AMP30 achieves a validation accuracy of 66% across 10,000 synthesized sequences by a self-developed AMP classifier. Furthermore, wet lab experiments demonstrated that all 11 selected sequences exhibited high antimicrobial activity against at least one of the three tested bacterial strains and low hemolytic activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xian, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, I. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell-Valois, F.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siu, S. W. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.25.690620</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ClsDiff-AMP30: Generating Antimicrobial Peptides by a Classifier Guidance Noise Predictor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.27.690850v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reverse-engineering B-Arrestin Bias in the d-Opioid Receptor 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.27.690850v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) form the largest family of cell-surface receptors and remain prime targets in drug discovery. A central challenge in modern GPCR drug discovery is understanding and exploiting biased agonism: the ability of ligands to favor signaling via therapeutically beneficial pathways while avoiding those that trigger side effects. Therefore, pinpointing the structural determinants of signaling bias is crucial for rational drug design. Biased agonists are particularly compelling for targeting opioid receptors, as in this family, ligands that limit {beta}-arrestin ({beta}-arr) recruitment are believed to preserve analgesia while reducing respiratory depression and addiction liabilities.

Here, we use extensive all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to dissect signaling bias in the {delta}-opioid receptor ({delta}OR). Focusing on a receptor mutant with a strong {beta}-arr bias, we employed a reverse-engineering approach to reveal the conformational mechanisms that promote {beta}-arr recruitment. Building on these insights, engineer new mutations that reshape the receptors signaling profile. Importantly, this approach allowed us to pinpoint signaling bias to motions of a single microswitch and identify how structural receptor motions induced by the mutations and ligand contacts cooperate to promote a specific functional response. In this proof-of-concept study, we not only provide structural insights into {delta}OR pharmacology but also demonstrate how computational methods can be leveraged to probe structural mechanisms of signaling specificity across GPCRs, paving the way for the rational design of tailored receptor variants and novel, safer, and more effective therapeutics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stepniewski, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeghal, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szabo, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solano, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez-Espigares, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korchevaya, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torrens-Fontanals, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Fabritiis, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Filipek, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giguere, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Selent, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.27.690850</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reverse-engineering B-Arrestin Bias in the d-Opioid Receptor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.03.692134v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An extended structure of the intracellular domain of the Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and its proposed interactions with rapsyn 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.03.692134v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To gain insight into the interactions between rapsyn and the nAChR that induce clustering at the post-synaptic membrane, we refined a cryo-EM dataset using an intracellular domain focused strategy to obtain a 3.0 [A] map with the most extensive density yet for the intracellular domain of the Torpedo nAChR. The improved map allowed us to extend the structure beyond the MX -helix and prior to the MA -helix of the intracellular domain. The new structure defines a sharp N-terminal boundary of each MA -helix to place agrin-dependent phosphorylated tyrosines unambiguously within the flexible regions of the MX-MA loops. Two distinct conformations of the {delta} M4 -helix were also resolved, indicating that M4 conformational heterogeneity reflects intrinsic flexibility rather than a change in gating state. The new structural constraints defined for the MX-MA loop were then used to evaluate AlphaFold3-predicted full-length models of the nAChR, rapsyn, and various rapsyn-nAChR complexes, identifying a consistent, asymmetric 3:1 binding architecture where each rapsyn is always sandwiched between the MX-MA loops from two subunits and where each phospho-tyrosine is lodged in a cationic pocket formed by conserved residues implicated in congenital myasthenic syndromes. The defined architecture fits published cryo-ET maps of Torpedo post-synaptic membranes and explains how both phosphorylated tyrosines and myasthenic syndrome-causing rapsyn mutations modulate receptor clustering.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Henault, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Habes, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tessier, C. J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baenziger, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.03.692134</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An extended structure of the intracellular domain of the Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and its proposed interactions with rapsyn]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.03.691914v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nucleic acid strand length governs mitochondrial reprogramming and mtROS-associated antiviral responses following TLR3 engagement 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.03.691914v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitochondria are important rheostats that regulate innate sensing processes by producing energy, biosynthetic precursors, and bioactive molecules that affect cellular signaling. When viral nucleic acids engage endosomal and cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRR), antiviral immune responses are supported by mitochondrial remodeling but the role of mitochondria in fine tuning ligand-specific responses remains incompletely understood. For example, endosomal TLR3 can detect various lengths of dsRNA (0.4-8 kb) ranging from viral segmented genomes or endogenous nucleic acids have been shown to induce distinct cytokine profiles. However, it is unclear if these differences are associated with differential mitochondrial remodeling. Here, we report that TLR3 engagement with both high (HMW; 1.5-8 kb) or low molecular weight (LMW; 0.2-1 kb) Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly(I:C)) is associated with reduced but sustained oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) activity and increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) production/accumulation to support antiviral responses in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM). They differed in the amount of mtROS production, their spare respiratory capacity (SRC) and their mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Interestingly, while uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) was found required for antiviral cytokine production, it did not contribute to ligand specific responses. Dynamic modulation of complex I of the electron transport chain (ETC), however resulted in the differential accumulation of mtROS (HMW>LMW). Further, selectively targeting the mtROS derived from Complex I leads to augmented type I IFN production. Overall, these findings highlight that targeting specific sources of mtROS without affecting electron flow may be a potential avenue for specific augmentation of antiviral responses during viral infections.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ahmed, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al Daraawi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Humphrey, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdo, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheridan, M.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Versey, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mejlaoui, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaworski, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edwards, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abizaid, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golshani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cassol, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.03.691914</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nucleic acid strand length governs mitochondrial reprogramming and mtROS-associated antiviral responses following TLR3 engagement]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.09.693195v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Polar ecosystems harbor highly divergent DNA viruses underrepresented in current reference databases 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.09.693195v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Viruses dominate global ecosystems, yet their genetic diversity remains incompletely represented in current reference databases. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a latitudinal comparison of environmental DNA viromes spanning marine and terrestrial habitats across polar north and south and temperate regions. Viral genes were reconstructed from metagenomic datasets and their phylogenetic divergence assessed relative to database reference sequences. Three consistent patterns emerged. First, reconstructed sequences were substantially more divergent than database references, underscoring the limited coverage of existing viral sequence collections. Second, polar viromes exhibited significantly higher within-region divergence, with south polar assemblages consistently the most distinct and north polar divergence varying by biome. Third, these patterns were found to be robust to potential reconstruction artifacts; all datasets underwent identical processing, and divergence inflation was observed exclusively in polar samples. Together, these results challenge the canonical latitudinal diversity gradient in viral communities and identify polar environments as major reservoirs of uncharacterized viral diversity, with implications for biodiversity baselines under global climate change.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kulkarni, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aris-Brosou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.09.693195</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Polar ecosystems harbor highly divergent DNA viruses underrepresented in current reference databases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.11.693828v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Funders' expectations for open science in cardiovascular research: A Scoping review of the largest cardiovascular research funders 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.11.693828v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Open science practices, including data sharing, open access, and prospective study registration, have been increasingly recognized to improve transparency, reproducibility, and accessibility in research, yet their uptake and implementation by cardiovascular research funders is unclear. We conducted a scoping review of publicly available policies, guidance, and grant instructions from 12 members of the Global Cardiovascular Research Funders Forum to assess expectations, monitoring, and support for open science in cardiovascular research. We included 105 documents from 9 funders; no relevant documents were identified for 3 funders. Data sharing (75%) and open access (67%) were the most common mandates by funders, followed by prospective registration (50%). Requirements for other practices, including code sharing, use of reporting guidelines, preprints, and open peer review, were uncommon. Monitoring compliance was inconsistent, with many funders not specifying any mechanisms, even for widely required practices. Where available, support was most often provided through financial assistance, guidance, or infrastructure, particularly for open access, data sharing, and patient or public involvement. These findings suggest that while cardiovascular funders are engaging with open science, policies remain uneven in scope, monitoring, and support. Navigating the open science implementation gap in cardiovascular research will be essential to reap the benefits of transparency and innovation, only possible through the sharing of information and data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vieira Armond, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alaoui, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moher, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rouleau, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cobey, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.11.693828</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Funders' expectations for open science in cardiovascular research: A Scoping review of the largest cardiovascular research funders]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.16.694710v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metabolic, epigenetic and transcriptomic alterations in postnatal 16p11.2 deficient murine astrocytes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.16.694710v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are associated with metabolic dysregulation. While astrocytes are integral to cerebral metabolism, their molecular and functional changes in ASD are poorly known. Using early postnatal primary cortical astrocytes from a mouse model of 16p11.2 deletion ASD syndrome (16p11.2df/+ mice), we observed core molecular alterations with sex-specific profiles, suggesting divergent energetic pathways and epigenetic regulation. Targeted metabolomics revealed opposing phenotypes in male versus female 16p11.2df/+ astrocytes, particularly for alpha-ketoglutaric acid. Functionally, 16p11.2df/+astrocytes exhibited elevated phosphorylation in low glucose culture conditions, and reduced glycolysis in high glucose. Epigenetic profiling of male 16p11.2df/+astrocytes revealed differentially hydroxymethylated and methylated regions, with foci on chromosomes 3 and 13. Finally, bulk RNA sequencing in male and female mutant astrocytes indicated differential gene expression with profound sex differences, mostly affecting pathways related to cellular morphology. By establishing 16p11.2df/+ astroglial molecular signatures, this study refines our understanding of glial changes in ASD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Blakeley, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renner, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leclerc, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Comin, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>da Silva, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vergette, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porter, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perkins, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lacoste, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.16.694710</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metabolic, epigenetic and transcriptomic alterations in postnatal 16p11.2 deficient murine astrocytes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.18.695235v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reinke crystals are immunoreactive for purine-synthesizing metabolic enzymes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.18.695235v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Reinke crystals are a defining histological feature of human adult Leydig cells, the testosterone producing cells of the testis. These structures are present in the cytoplasm and the nucleus and display quantitative alterations in a variety of physiological and pathological contexts. The functional significance and protein composition of Reinke crystals have remained elusive for over a century. Here, we demonstrate that Reinke crystals are intensely immunoreactive for inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase (PRPS), two key rate-limiting enzymes in the de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides. IMPDH and PRPS are two of several metabolic enzymes that are capable of forming mesoscale filamentous aggregates as a mechanism to regulate enzyme activity. IMPDH is also able to form crystals in cellulo. Our observations link Reinke crystal formation to purine nucleotide metabolism in Leydig cells. We discuss how this novel finding may relate to the unique dependence of Leydig cells on guanyl-based purine nucleotides for testosterone synthesis. The results of this study may have important implications for understanding metabolic contributions to male reproductive disorders as well as offering a novel diagnostic and theranostic tool applicable to Leydig cell neoplasms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Woulfe, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flood, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faulkes, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munoz, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.18.695235</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reinke crystals are immunoreactive for purine-synthesizing metabolic enzymes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.20.695633v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Patient-Specific 3D Heart-On-a-Chip Model of Dilated Cardiomyopathy with Embedded Bead-Based Mapping of Tissue Contractility 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.20.695633v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the leading cause of heart transplantation, with a 50% risk of progression to heart failure within five years. Conventional disease modeling approaches fail to recapitulate the sophisticated function of the human heart. Alternatively, heart-on-a-chip (HOC) platforms enable real-time monitoring of disease progression and drug responses using miniaturized engineered heart tissues. Here, we developed a functional HOC model using patient-specific human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), reprogrammed from the patients blood samples. The chip contains two cell-seeding chambers with flexible silicone pillars to support tissue formation. Healthy and DCM hiPSCs were differentiated into cardiomyocytes, combined with an optimized ratio of human cardiac fibroblasts, encapsulated in a fibrin/Geltrex hydrogel (containing fluorescent beads), and seeded in the device chambers. The tissue gradually compacted and started beating spontaneously. Immunofluorescence assay revealed structural abnormalities in DCM tissues, including reduced cell alignment and elongation. The tissue functional responses (e.g., calcium transients and beating) were investigated after 2 weeks of culture, revealing ventricular tachycardia in DCM tissue and highlighting functional hallmarks of the disease. Finally, the model was validated using a drug with known inotropic and chronotropic effects (i.e., norepinephrine). Our platform demonstrated great potential in drug screening, disease modeling, and personalized medicine.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mousavi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mouttet, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hekmatnia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mottahedi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Derish, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rafatian, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aurousseau, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andelfinger, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cecere, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savoji, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.20.695633</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Patient-Specific 3D Heart-On-a-Chip Model of Dilated Cardiomyopathy with Embedded Bead-Based Mapping of Tissue Contractility]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.23.696289v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Myelin Supports Cortical Circuit Function Underlying Skilled Movement 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.23.696289v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Primary motor cortex (M1) is among the most heavily myelinated cortical regions and generates tightly coordinated neuronal activity patterns that drive skilled movement. Activity-dependent myelination is required for motor skill acquisition, and myelin loss in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis leads to motor impairment. Yet how myelination influences neuronal activity underlying skilled behavior remains unclear. By combining in vivo imaging of oligodendrocytes with high density Neuropixels recordings during dexterous reaching, we demonstrate that cuprizone-induced demyelination impairs movement efficiency, and alters cell-type-specific neuronal activity and synchrony in a manner that predicts motor output. Using a computational model constrained by these data, we identify inhibitory axonal propagation failures as a mechanistic link between myelin loss and altered circuit function. Partial remyelination normalizes cortical network-level metrics and reach consistency but leaves smooth movement impaired, revealing a selective vulnerability in inhibitory circuits. These findings close a critical gap between cellular models of demyelination and clinical motor impairment by demonstrating how myelin supports cortical circuit dynamics driving skilled behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gagon, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Della Flora Nunes, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nettles, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lins, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lefebvre, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Denman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hughes, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welle, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.23.696289</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Myelin Supports Cortical Circuit Function Underlying Skilled Movement]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.25.695958v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Two Frontiers Project Field Handbook and OpenTools: Standardizing microbial fieldwork for biobank-scale sequencing and culturomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.25.695958v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
From medicines to materials, our planets microbial diversity comprises an enormous wellspring of biotechnological potential. For centuries, microbiologists have developed tools for interrogating microbial function, ranging from microscopy and culturing to, more recently, metagenomics. However, deploying these tools during fieldwork requires substantial forward planning, interdisciplinary technical expertise, and plans for navigating permitting and the ethical implications of bioprospecting. To address these challenges, we built The Two Frontiers Project Handbook and OpenTools Resource, which aggregates our expertise in high-throughput sampling, sequencing, and culturing of microbes from thousands of samples. We provide our full suite of fieldwork methods as well as relevant software and hardware. We lay our standards for team roles and construction, general expedition planning, sample transport, permitting, and numerous other key aspects of executing a successful field campaign. The version-controlled resource is available at https://two-frontiers-project.github.io/ and is open for non-commercial use.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ryon, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henriksen, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johns, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diana, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boddy, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carpenter, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kent, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peixoto, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tierney, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.25.695958</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Two Frontiers Project Field Handbook and OpenTools: Standardizing microbial fieldwork for biobank-scale sequencing and culturomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.30.696998v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell-type-specific adaptations to mitochondrial stress underly the neurological presentations of 	MTRFR mutations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.30.696998v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitochondrial diseases are a group of heterogeneous genetic disorders that exhibit striking tissue specificity. Neurological involvement is among the most consistent features, yet the mechanisms that determine why selective neuronal populations are particularly vulnerable to mitochondrial dysfunction remain poorly understood. Mutations in MTRFR, a mitochondrial ribosome rescue factor, cause a progressive neuromuscular phenotype, but no relevant disease model exists to explain its cell-type-specific pathology. Here, we established the first human iPSC-derived neuronal model of MTRFR loss and identified mechanisms driving differential vulnerability between cortical and motor neurons. Although knockdown led to comparable deficits in mitochondrial translation and OXPHOS across both subtypes, cortical neurons engaged adaptive programs, including dendritic mitochondrial remodelling and heat-shock response activation, that preserved survival. Motor neurons failed to mount these responses and instead displayed apoptotic and inflammatory priming. Pharmacological enhancement of stress adaptation rescued motor neuron survival, indicating that resilience is programmable. These findings provide the first mechanistic evidence that neuronal susceptibility to mitochondrial translation defects is defined by the capacity to activate mitochondrial and cytoprotective stress-response pathways.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zarate-Mendez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Connor, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malig, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Podmanicky, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleniuk, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spendiff, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reid, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lochmüller, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hathazi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horvath, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.30.696998</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell-type-specific adaptations to mitochondrial stress underly the neurological presentations of 	MTRFR mutations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.03.697496v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Changes in microhabitat structure around amphibian breeding ponds in the northern Rocky Mountains following severe wildfire 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.03.697496v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microhabitats promote diverse and resilient forests. Wildfire may alter critical microhabitat, yet studies directly quantifying these effects are limited. Here, we use a rare before-after-control-impact dataset to assess the impacts of severe wildfire on fine-scale gradients in microhabitat structure associated with amphibian breeding ponds in the Rocky Mountains. Using 462 photoquadrats sampled eight years before and two years after the 2017 Kenow wildfire in Waterton Lakes National Park, we quantified changes in 14 microhabitat features at three different distances (0, 3, and 10 m) away from burned and unburned ponds. Non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance suggested distance from pond edge was a significant predictor of microhabitat composition prior to the wildfire, with the proportion of soil (bare ground) decreasing and the proportion of shrubs and forbs increasing away from pond edges. A significant interaction between distance, burn status, and time was observed, suggesting that the relationship between microhabitat and distance depended on the joint effects of burn status and time. This result was driven by changes 10 m away from pond edges in the burn zone, where sites experienced an increase in the proportion of forbs, soil, gravel, and rocks, and the loss of moss cover following the fire. Microhabitat change was more pronounced at high elevation sites, although power to statistically test the effect of elevation was limited. Our study demonstrates heterogeneity in the impacts of wildfire on microhabitats along fine-scale gradients. We discuss implications of these findings for the management of amphibians using these sites.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Skretting, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCune, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee-Yaw, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.03.697496</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Changes in microhabitat structure around amphibian breeding ponds in the northern Rocky Mountains following severe wildfire]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.14.699340v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Eco-evolutionary dynamics in competitive systems: Rescue or murder? 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.14.699340v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rapid evolution in response to changing environments can have beneficial (e.g. evolutionary rescue) or detrimental (e.g. evolutionary suicide) outcomes for the survival of one species. Responses of multi-species systems are even harder to predict, but important to consider. Using a Lotka-Volterra competition model, we simulate eco-evolutionary dynamics in one- and two-species systems, with two traits per species: physiological performance and competitive tolerance. In the single-species system, evolution is consistently beneficial, enabling evolutionary rescue. In contrast, in the two-species system, evolution can be beneficial or detrimental. Notably, when evolution enhances the competitors persistence, it can result in evolutionary murder of the focal species. Furthermore, the effect sizes of evolution on species persistence are strongly modulated by whether both traits evolve, and by the shape of ecological and evolutionary trade-offs. Our study enables exploration of eco-evolutionary dynamics in more complex biotic settings, extending understanding of species responses to abiotic and biotic changes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Leoz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lutscher, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allhoff, K. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Govaert, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.14.699340</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Eco-evolutionary dynamics in competitive systems: Rescue or murder?]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.14.699541v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The 3D Genome of Gigaspora margarita Unveils Stable Chromatin and Nucleolar Organization and Symbiont-Dependent Genome Dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.14.699541v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are widespread plant symbionts that enhance nutrient acquisition and influence ecosystem productivity. Previous chromosome-level assemblies of a model species revealed a two-compartment genome architecture (active A and repressed B chromatin compartments), yet its conservation across evolutionarily distant AMF lineages remains unresolved. Here, we present a chromosome-scale and 3D genome assembly of Gigaspora margarita isolate BEG34--the largest and most repeat-rich AMF genome to date--alongside that of its obligate endobacterium, Candidatus Glomerobacter gigasporarum (CaGg), using PacBio HiFi and Hi-C sequencing. The G. margarita genome comprises 43 chromosomes (792 Mb) organized into stable A/B compartments and Topologically Associating Domains structures, irrespective of the presence of endobacteria. We uncover 21 divergent rDNA operons distributed across six chromosomes and show that these physically interact, suggesting conserved nucleolar organization. We also reveal that the CaGg genome is tripartite and mobilome-rich, encoding prophages, an orphan CRISPR array, and complete pathways for many novel and essential cofactors, including heme, which may enhance host bioenergetics. We also find that the endobacteriums presence regulates transposable elements in G. margarita. These findings reveal conserved principles of chromatin architecture in AMF symbionts and highlight the tight molecular interplay between fungal hosts and their endosymbionts, offering new insights into genome evolution and symbiotic adaptation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mugambi, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oliveira, J. I. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magurno, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salviolo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lanfranco, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novero, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghignone, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yildirir, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonfante, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corradi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.14.699541</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The 3D Genome of Gigaspora margarita Unveils Stable Chromatin and Nucleolar Organization and Symbiont-Dependent Genome Dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.12.699072v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Multiomic Analysis of Cachectic Mice Reveals Cancer Driven Suppression of Muscle Stem Cell Differentiation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.12.699072v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cancer cachexia affects a large proportion of cancer patients, inducing a rapid decline in muscle mass. Patients with cachexia have a worse prognosis and are less responsive to cancer therapies. The exact cause of cachexia remains unknown, nor are there any effective treatments for the condition. In this study, we use the C26 adenocarcinoma cell line to determine how cancer cells affect myofiber and muscle stem cell function. We determined that C26 cancer cells adapt to the host environment, in both male and female mice, greatly altering their transcriptome to promote their survival and growth. C26 cells directly communicate with muscle stem cells via GDF15 and MMP9. These circulatory factors cause the muscle stem cells to upregulate the EMT pathway and become less capable of undergoing differentiation and contributing to muscle regeneration. Muscle stem cells from tumor bearing mice are less proliferative and less prone to differentiation, Chromatin accessibility data shows that there are fewer accessible myogenic regulatory binding sites. Cytokine array determined that circulating GDF15 and MMP9 were highly upregulated and were derived form C26 tumor cells. However, blocking tumor derived GDF15 is not sufficient to prevent the onset of cachexia and rescue the loss of muscle stem cell function. Together, these findings establish a new conceptual paradigm in which cancer orchestrates muscle wasting through coordinated transcriptional, metabolic, and epigenetic suppression of muscle stem cell differentiation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Blackburn, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez-Corchado, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahinyan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khorasani, H. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lazure, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richard, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borchers, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahani-Asl, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Najafabadi, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koromilas, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soleimani, V. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.12.699072</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Multiomic Analysis of Cachectic Mice Reveals Cancer Driven Suppression of Muscle Stem Cell Differentiation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.20.700656v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
dna-parser: a Python library written in Rust for fast encoding of DNA and RNA sequences 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.20.700656v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe ever-growing amount of available biological data leads modern analysis to be performed on large datasets. Unfortunately, bioinformatics tools for preprocessing and analyzing data are not always designed to treat such large amounts of data efficiently. Notably, this is the case when encoding DNA and RNA sequences into numerical representations, also called descriptors, before passing them to machine learning models. Furthermore, current Python tools available for this preprocessing step are not well suited to be integrated into pipelines resulting in slow encoding speeds.

ResultsWe introduce dna-parser, a Python library written in Rust to encode DNA and RNA sequences into numerical features. The combination of Rust and Python allows to encode sequences rapidly and in parallel across multiple threads while maintaining compatibility with packages from the Python ecosystem. Moreover, this library implements many of the most widely used types of numerical feature schemes coming from bioinformaticss and natural language processing.

Conclusiondna-parser is an easy to install Python library that offers many Python wheels for Linux (muslinux and manylinux), macOS, and Windows via pip (https://pypi.org/project/dna-parser/). The open source code is available on GitHub (https://github.com/Mvila035/dna_parser) along with the documentation (https://mvila035.github.io/dna_parser/documentation/).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vilain, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aris-Brosou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.20.700656</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[dna-parser: a Python library written in Rust for fast encoding of DNA and RNA sequences]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.22.701099v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MetaTree: an interactive web platform for hierarchical data visualization and multi-group comparison 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.22.701099v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundHierarchical quantitative profiles are widely used in microbiome studies and other domains. However, comparing multiple samples and experimental groups while preserving hierarchical structure remains challenging. Many existing workflows require extensive manual figure assembly or do not support aligned comparisons across conditions on a shared hierarchy.

ResultsWe developed MetaTree, an open-source platform that runs in a web browser for interactive visualization and comparative analysis of hierarchical quantitative data. MetaTree anchors samples, groups, and contrasts between groups to a shared reference hierarchy, preserving one-to-one node correspondence so that the same clade is compared in the same position across views. In addition to visualization, MetaTree integrates statistical testing for comparisons between two groups with false discovery rate (FDR) control, enabling users to identify clades with consistent differences between conditions and interpret them in hierarchical context. MetaTree also provides user configurable controls for visual encoding, filtering thresholds, label density, and layout, allowing figures to be adapted to different datasets and reporting needs. The interface remains usable for large hierarchies through interactive navigation, adaptive label handling, and branch collapsing.

ConclusionsMetaTree is an installation-free web platform (https://byemaxx.github.io/MetaTree) for topology-consistent visualization and comparison of hierarchical profiles, supporting coordinated multi-panel exploration and automated comparison matrices to enable rapid generation of publication-ready figures for microbiome and other hierarchical datasets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ning, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Figeys, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.22.701099</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MetaTree: an interactive web platform for hierarchical data visualization and multi-group comparison]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.26.701341v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chemoproteomics discovery of a CNS-penetrant covalent inhibitor of PIKfyve 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.26.701341v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PIKfyve is a lipid kinase involved in regulating protein clearance mechanisms and is a promising target for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we present the discovery and optimization of a CNS-penetrant covalent PIKfyve inhibitor, DUN058, which achieves sustained target occupancy in vivo. Covalent screening hits, identified from chemoproteomics experiments performed in live cells, were rapidly optimized to deliver a brain-penetrant covalent inhibitor of PIKfyve. This covalency centered approach employed a suite of mass spectrometry, biochemical and in vivo assays to optimize compound potency, selectivity, and CNS permeability. The target nucleophile, cysteine 1970, is on a flexible loop that appears distal from the kinase active site, highlighting the power of chemoproteomics screening to identify novel nucleophilic amino acids for covalent modification. DUN058 achieves efficient covalency at the target cysteine, as well as highly selective covalent and reversible selectivity profiles. Covalent PIKfyve inhibition results in modulation of downstream pathway activity, including activation of the transcription factor TFEB, upregulation of protein clearance pathways, and increased GPNMB transcription and secretion of exosome markers. When dosed in vivo, DUN058 achieves sustained target occupancy in the brains of mice long after systemic compound clearance, holding promise for achieving a sustained duration of action in the CNS at low doses, without prolonged effects in the periphery. Taken together, the development of DUN058 is a demonstration of chemoproteomics-based discovery for a high value CNS target, providing an orally bioavailable and covalent PIKfyve inhibitor.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Burton, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chupak, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mady, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meniconi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teobald, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorsey, B. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Byrne, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mulhern, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lundeen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sorensen, E. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brennan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kormocha, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tommasi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keillor, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Agostino, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penebre, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.26.701341</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chemoproteomics discovery of a CNS-penetrant covalent inhibitor of PIKfyve]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.28.701823v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Chemical-Genetic Interaction Matrix Reveals Drug Mechanism and Genetic Architecture 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.28.701823v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To probe drug mechanism of action (MOA) and interrogate the genetic architecture of human cells, we carried out isogenic genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screens against 310 diverse drugs, bioactive compounds, and stress conditions. Stringent statistical correction for gene knockout fitness defects yielded a large-scale matrix of >12,000 high confidence chemical-genetic interactions (CGIs). This dataset revealed many previously unappreciated off-target effects for well-characterized compounds and novel MOAs for uncharacterized compounds. The CGI matrix uncovered dense genetic modules that yielded new biological insights into phospholipidosis, mitotic regulation, metabolism, the DNA damage response, and mTOR signaling. The dataset allowed identification of multi-drug sensitization and resistance mechanisms, inference of gene function, elaboration of cross-process connectivity, evaluation of the cell type specificity of CGIs, prediction of chemical synergism, and extensive annotation of understudied genes. This resource provides a map of the genetic landscape in human cells and a framework to help guide drug discovery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Coulombe-Huntington, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertomeu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huard, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chatr-aryamontri, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>St-Cyr, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez-Osuna, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papadopoli, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Normandin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paydar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McLaughlan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>St-Denis, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Say, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palou, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stark, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breitkreutz, B.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Sloot, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manohar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavoie, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borden, K. L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raught, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Amours, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sicheri, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verreault, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mader, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meloche, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Therrien, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thibault, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilhelm, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dirks, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aitchison, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patton, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roux, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sauvageau, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marinier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harrington, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwok, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Archambault, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Topisirovic, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ty</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.28.701823</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Chemical-Genetic Interaction Matrix Reveals Drug Mechanism and Genetic Architecture]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.27.702166v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Catch-and-Display Immunoassay as an Accessible Platform for Digital Biomarker Detection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.27.702166v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Digital immunoassays provide exceptional analytical sensitivity for detecting low-abundance biomarkers, but their broad adoption is limited by practical barriers. Commercial platforms are prohibitively expensive for routine use by individual laboratories, and laboratory-scale concepts typically describe specialized biosensors and sophisticated workflows. Here, we introduce a nanomembrane-based Catch-and-Display Immunoassay (CAD-IA) as an accessible digital immunoassay for common laboratory settings. In CAD-IA, fluorescent nanoparticles are "captured" by the nanoscale pores of ultrathin silicon nitride membranes through a pipette powered filtration. The captured nanoparticles serve as optically isolated  hotspots for fluorescent immunocomplex formation when target antigen is present. Co-localization of the fluorescent particles and fluorescent immunocomplexes are then "displayed" and quantified by standard confocal microscopy to generate digital signals. CAD-IA is implemented using the {micro}SiM-DX (microfluidic device featuring an ultrathin silicon membrane for diagnostics) platform, which is manually assembled from mass produced, cost-effective components. Using the traumatic brain injury (TBI) biomarker S100B as a model, we demonstrate that CAD-IA provides consistent digital outputs and linear quantification with a dynamic range of at least two orders of magnitude when digital and analog analysis are combined on the same image sets. We further demonstrate that the assay maintains linearity in serum matrices and achieves suitable sensitivity (LoD = 0.02 g/mL) for clinically relevant diagnostic with the addition of tyramide signal amplification (TSA). While further optimization of CAD-IA is possible, these results constitute a proof-of-concept demonstration of a novel digital immunoassay that is accessible to most laboratory environments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klaczko, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tabard-Cossa, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flax, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGrath, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.27.702166</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Catch-and-Display Immunoassay as an Accessible Platform for Digital Biomarker Detection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.26.708348v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cilia beating of ependymal cells regulates adult neural stem cell quiescence via mechanical forces mediated by PKD1/2-TRPM3 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.26.708348v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In many tissues stem cells are located lining a fluid-filled volume and their neighboring niche cells include cells with beating cilia. However, the role of mechanical forces created by cilia beating on stem cells remains elusive. We developed an approach to transiently inhibit the cilia beating of ependymal cells (EC) lining the forebrain ventricle by injecting magnetic beads-coupled antibodies targeting EC cilia and then applying a magnetic field. We show that EC cilia beating enforces neural stem cells (NSCs) quiescence through mechano-sensitive PKD1/2- and TRPM3-mediated Ca2+ transients. Only a few hours of EC cilia beating inhibition triggered NSC activation in vivo. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated deletion of TRPM3 or PKD1/2 in NSCs phenocopied the effect of EC cilia beating inhibition, while TRPM3 pharmacological activation rescued NSC quiescence in the absence of cilia beating. Our data reveal a novel regulator of stem cells exposed to fluids via the mechanical forces mediated by cilia beating.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bressan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gengatharan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez-Aller, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richter, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snapyan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischer-Sternjak, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rezaeezadeh Roukerd, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roisin, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cherinet, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biernaskie, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Habibi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gotz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saghatelyan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.26.708348</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cilia beating of ependymal cells regulates adult neural stem cell quiescence via mechanical forces mediated by PKD1/2-TRPM3]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.01.707406v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genomic selection for seed yield enhances flax breeding efficiency 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.01.707406v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genomic selection (GS) is a promising strategy to improve breeding efficiency for complex traits such as seed yield by enabling early selection and reducing reliance on extensive field testing. However, practical deployment of GS remains challenging due to limited training populations sizes and reduced prediction accuracies when models are applied to true breeding germplasm. In this study, we evaluated GS for flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) seed yield under realistic breeding scenarios, with a focus on across-population prediction (APP) and breeding decision support rather than model benchmarking. Using historical germplasm collections and a newly developed breeding-oriented population as training sets, GS performance was assessed across multiple independent test populations representing contemporary breeding lines evaluated in replicated yield trials. APP accuracies reached r = 0.84 when training and test populations were genetically aligned, supporting routine breeding deployment. Training population composition emerged as a key determinant of prediction success, with breeding-oriented populations consistently outperforming broad germplasm collections for predicting true breeding lines. Check-based selection analyses showed that GS reliably reproduced phenotypic advancement decisions while eliminating 61-91% of low-performing lines, resulting in 48-78% reduction in field evaluation costs for a typical cohort of 300 lines. Marker subsampling analyses further indicated that moderate-density genotyping-by-sequencing panels ([~]2,500-3,000 SNPs) are sufficient to achieve stable prediction accuracies. Overall, these results demonstrate that GS for seed yield in flax is ready for routine integration into breeding programs, offering a practical pathway to reduce costs, accelerate breeding cycles, and enhance selection efficiency.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>You, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zagariah Daniel, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackle, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>House, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tar'an, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cloutier, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.01.707406</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genomic selection for seed yield enhances flax breeding efficiency]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.04.709539v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Diffusion-ACP39: A Decoder-Adaptive Latent Diffusion Framework for Generative Anticancer Peptide Discovery 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.04.709539v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cancer remains a major global health threat, with its incidence and mortality rates consistently rising in recent years. Anticancer peptides (ACPs) are short amino acid chains that can inhibit the growth or spread of cancer cells. Compared to traditional treatments, ACPs are a promising class of potential cancer therapies due to their multiple mechanisms, potential for combination cancer therapy, enhanced immune function, lower toxicity to normal tissues, fewer side effects, and less drug resistance. Although it is necessary to explore novel ACPs, traditional wet-lab methods for selecting them are labor-intensive, time-consuming, and expensive. To accelerate the discovery of novel ACPs, we proposed Diffusion-ACP39, a latent diffusion-based generative model with synchronized seed autoencoder for anticancer peptide design, capable of generating novel peptides with lengths ranging from 5 to 39 amino acids. Furthermore, we developed RF-ACP39, a random forest classifier model to assess the generative power of Diffusion-ACP39. Finally, Diffusion-ACP39 achieved an accuracy of 94.5% when generating 10,000 peptides with RF-ACP39. We also qualitatively analyzed the differences among true ACPs, random sequences, random peptides, and generated ACPs, demonstrating that the generated ACPs are most similar to true ACPs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>CACPbell-Valois, F.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siu, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.04.709539</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Diffusion-ACP39: A Decoder-Adaptive Latent Diffusion Framework for Generative Anticancer Peptide Discovery]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.05.709936v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Invasion histories reveal most North American introduced plants have not yet reached climatic stasis. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.05.709936v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AimAnalysis of species distributions often rests on the assumption of environmental equilibrium. That is, the distribution of a species (as documented by observation records) captures the full range of environmental conditions under which that species can maintain viable populations. Despite the centrality of this assumption to a variety of biogeographic questions, it is rarely empirically tested. This is particularly critical for recently introduced invasive species that are characterized by rapid expansion in their introduced range, often coupled with a niche shift relative to their native distribution. Defining equilibrium under these dynamic conditions is difficult. We developed the concept of environmental stasis as a more tractable proxy for equilibrium. In the context of species invasions, we define stasis as a prolonged period without an increase in the environmental conditions occupied by a species.

LocationNorth America

Time Period1614 to 2020.

Major Taxa StudiedInvasive plants

MethodsWe applied the metric of climatic stasis to a suite of 258 invasive plant species in North America. We categorized their invasion trajectories into three classes (linear, two- and three-phase) based on theoretical expectations and then assessed how many had demonstrated environmental (climatic) stasis over a period of at least thirty years.

ResultsMore than 80% of the species were best fit by two- or three-phase models, indicating a declining rate of expansion. Climatic stasis was only documented for 44% of the species. In contrast, 85% of the species were in climatic stasis in their native ranges. The time to reach stasis ranged from 30 to 145 years (mean 90), and species at stasis in their invaded range occupied 97% of the climatic space they occupied in their native range.

Main ConclusionsThis assessment provides valuable insight into the unrealized threat posed by the majority of invasive plants that have not yet reached stasis, as well as identifying which species can be most appropriately evaluated by methods that depend on the equilibrium assumption. Our work also demonstrates the useful perspective provided by the environmental stasis concept, which enables empirical quantification of one of the key aspects of equilibrium.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roach-Krajewski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, T. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kharouba, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.05.709936</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Invasion histories reveal most North American introduced plants have not yet reached climatic stasis.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.09.710483v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multimodal reference brain atlas of adult Danionella cerebrum 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.09.710483v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mechanistic accounts of brain function require a common coordinate system in which structural, molecular and functional data can be integrated and compared across individuals. The teleost genus Danionella is unique among vertebrates in retaining lifelong transparency, allowing non-invasive, cellular-resolution functional imaging across the entire adult brain. A reference atlas in this model would therefore provide a strong foundation for causal and comparative circuit studies. Here we present an integrated anatomical, molecular and functional reference brain for adult Danionella cerebrum as a standardised atlas resource. Using a transgenic nuclear fluorescence marker, whole-mount tissue clearing and high-resolution two-photon microscopy, we generated an average reference brain from 21 adult fish to create a common coordinate system. Whole-mount in situ hybridisation for 29 neuronal markers, complemented by tract annotation from structural imaging and tracer injections, enabled us to segment 203 neuroanatomical regions. We found pronounced sex differences in telencephalic, cerebellar and hindbrain nuclei, revealing sexually dimorphic organisation across multiple brain regions. All data and segmentations are made openly accessible, providing a community resource for studies of circuit function, molecular makeup and sexual dimorphism in an optically accessible adult vertebrate brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kadobianskyi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henninger, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markov, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Groneberg, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veith, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renz, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atabay, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reddien, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maler, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Judkewitz, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.09.710483</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multimodal reference brain atlas of adult Danionella cerebrum]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.11.711039v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Plasma β-hydroxybutyrate Concentrations in Young Adult Females After a High-Fat Meal Under Normoxemia, Intermittent Hypoxemia, and Continuous Hypoxemia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.11.711039v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hypoxemia occurs in intermittent forms, such as obstructive sleep apnea, and in continuous forms, such as at high altitude, and is increasingly recognized as a modulator of cardiometabolic risk. Although hypoxemia alters postprandial glucose and lipid metabolism, its effects on ketone bodies remain unclear. Using a randomized crossover design, we examined whether six hours of normoxemia or intermittent hypoxemia (15 hypoxemic cycles/hour targeting [~]85% peripheral oxyhemoglobin saturation with 100% medical-grade nitrogen) alters plasma {beta}-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentrations in 12 young adult females (mean [SD]: 21 [3] years) following a high-fat meal (33% of estimated daily energy requirements; 59% of calories from fat). In a follow-up session, a subset (n = 8) completed six hours of continuous hypoxemia (fraction of inspired oxygen [~]12.0% in a normobaric chamber). Postprandial data were analyzed using baseline-adjusted linear mixed-effects models, with Bonferroni post hoc tests. A time x condition interaction (P = 0.010) indicated that BHB concentrations at 360 minutes were higher during continuous hypoxemia (0.247 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.218-0.275) than normoxemia (0.176 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.153-0.200; PBonferroni = 0.029) and intermittent hypoxemia (0.163 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.139-0.186; PBonferroni = 0.002), representing increases of 13.0% and 14.2% in estimated marginal means, respectively. This response was accompanied by higher postprandial plasma glucose and triglyceride concentrations during continuous hypoxemia than during normoxemia and intermittent hypoxemia (PBonferroni [&le;] 0.002), despite similar plasma insulin and non-esterified fatty acid responses across conditions (P [&ge;] 0.081). These findings indicate that continuous hypoxemia increases late postprandial plasma BHB concentrations in young adult females.

New FindingsO_ST_ABSWhat is the central question of this study?C_ST_ABSWhat are the effects of normoxemia, intermittent hypoxemia, and continuous hypoxemia on plasma {beta}-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentrations in young adult females after a high-fat meal?

What is the main finding and its importance?Compared to normoxemia, young adult females showed higher postprandial plasma BHB concentrations during continuous hypoxemia, but not during intermittent hypoxemia, despite similar changes in plasma concentrations of two main regulators of BHB production (non-esterified fatty acids and insulin) across experimental conditions. These findings suggest that continuous hypoxemia modifies postprandial BHB concentrations through mechanisms not fully explained by circulating non-esterified fatty acids or insulin concentrations alone.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Goulet, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larocque, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marcoux, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bourgon, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mauger, J.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaratunga, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imbeault, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.11.711039</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Plasma β-hydroxybutyrate Concentrations in Young Adult Females After a High-Fat Meal Under Normoxemia, Intermittent Hypoxemia, and Continuous Hypoxemia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.20.712989v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
LOSS OF PARKIN DISRUPTS NUCLEAR AND MITOCHONDRIAL PROGRAMS REQUIRED FOR MUSCLE REGENERATION 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.20.712989v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Skeletal muscle stem cells (MuSCs) rely on precisely coordinated metabolic and nuclear transitions to exit quiescence, enter the cell cycle, and regenerate tissue. How these processes are coupled remains poorly defined. Here, we identify PARKIN as a critical integrator of mitochondrial quality control and nuclear RNA processing programs that together enable balanced MuSC lineage progression. Using a MuSC-specific, inducible Park2 knockout model, we show that PARKIN supports mitophagy in quiescent MuSCs, and its loss triggers premature mitochondrial polarization and fragmentation -- hallmarks of metabolic activation -- that compromise appropriate self-renewal and fate specification. Unexpectedly, MuSCs harbor a constitutive nuclear pool of PARKIN that rises rapidly upon activation and localizes to interchromatin regions, with focal association with nuclear speckles. Park2-deficient MuSCs exhibit transcriptomic signatures consistent with widespread RNA isoform switching and intron retention, particularly affecting splicing machinery components, accompanied by altered nuclear speckle organization and impaired cell cycle progression. These findings reveal that PARKIN safeguards both mitochondrial homeostasis and the RNA processing architecture essential for activation, thereby coordinating metabolic and nuclear reprogramming during early MuSC state transitions. Our work positions PARKIN as a dual compartment regulator required for robust skeletal muscle regeneration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gourlay, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abbasi, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cairns, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thumiah-Mootoo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Racine, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ly, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larionov, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blais, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khacho, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burelle, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.20.712989</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[LOSS OF PARKIN DISRUPTS NUCLEAR AND MITOCHONDRIAL PROGRAMS REQUIRED FOR MUSCLE REGENERATION]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.20.713246v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cardiac defects in spinal muscular atrophy and the role of SMN in cardiomyocyte homeostasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.20.713246v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is characterized by motor neuron degeneration caused by deficiency of the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. However, evidence increasingly supports broader systemic involvement. This study aimed to examine cardiac pathology in SMA patients and to investigate how reduced SMN levels impact cardiomyocyte homeostasis. We analyzed postmortem data from 14 SMA type I patients from the pre-treatment era, integrating gross anatomical, histopathological, and clinical findings. To investigate cardiomyocyte-intrinsic effects of SMN deficiency, healthy human cardiomyocytes were subjected to SMN knockdown and assessed using metabolic assays and transcriptomic profiling. Key findings were further investigated in vivo using the Smn2B/- mouse model of SMA. We found heterogeneous cardiac involvement in SMA patients, including cardiomegaly, variable fat deposition and interstitial fibrosis. SMN knockdown in human cardiomyocytes induced a metabolic shift and widespread transcriptional dysregulation, with pathway analyses identifying selective upregulation of PTEN signaling. Elevated PTEN protein levels were observed in a subset of human SMA hearts and in early postnatal hearts of Smn2B/- mice. Our results demonstrate that the heart remains a biologically relevant target of SMN deficiency and highlights cardiomyocyte-specific metabolic and PTEN signaling alterations as potential contributors to cardiac involvement in SMA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Garner, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ha, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nery, F. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spellman, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chehade, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eichelberger, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duarte Lepez, S. D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnstone, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kothary, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swoboda, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alves, C. R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.20.713246</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cardiac defects in spinal muscular atrophy and the role of SMN in cardiomyocyte homeostasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.27.714782v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Haplotype-resolved Genome Assemblies of Hybrid Wheatgrass and Bluebunch Wheatgrass Reveal the Stepwise Polyploid Origin and Biased Subgenome Dominance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.27.714782v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Concerns over climate change have intensified the demand for stress resistant crops like hybrid wheatgrass (HWG; Elymus hoffmannii, StStStStHH), a perennial forage species known for its exceptional salt and drought tolerance. However, hexaploidy and high heterozygosity have complicated efforts to resolve its genomic structure and evolutionary history. Here, we present high-quality, haplotype-resolved, chromosome-level genome assemblies for HWG (CDC Saltking) and its putative progenitor, bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata). By integrating PacBio HiFi and ultra-long Oxford Nanopore sequencing with Hi-C scaffolding, we assembled the 10.7 Gb HWG genome into 21 pseudochromosomes per haplotype. Our phylogenomic analysis redefines the origin of the H subgenome, positioning it as an intermediate between Old-World Hordeum marinum (sea barley) and Hordeum brevisubulatum. Notably, we identified significant chromosomal rearrangements, including a unique duplication on St chromosome 4. Transcriptome analysis across multiple tissues revealed a pronounced expression dominance of the H subgenome. This dominance was not associated with reduced LTR density, suggesting that selective pressures for rapid adaptation of the latest subgenome entrant may drive its dominance. Finally, using the f-branch statistic, population genomic analysis of 189 accessions representing eight Elymus and Pseudoroegneria species revealed extensive reticulate evolutionary relationships and identified P. spicata as a major, asymmetric genetic donor within the wheatgrass complex. These resources provide a foundational framework for future genomic research and genetic improvement in grasses and for the introgression of stress-tolerance traits into cereal crops such as wheat.

Key MessagesDevelopment of world-first high-quality chromosomal-level haplotype-resolved genome assemblies of hexaploid HWG and diploid progenitor, Pseudoroegneria spicata, enabled the identification of the subgenome origins.

This study resolved the evolutionary placement of the St genome and clarified the history of polyploidization and hybridization in HWG.

Homeolog expression bias in the H subgenome likely reflects selective pressure favoring greater gene retention and upregulation of functionally important genes, thereby enhancing hybrid fitness.

Population structure analysis distinctly differentiates P. spicata, E. repens, E. hoffmannii from other European Pseudoroegneria species.

The findings reveal the complex patterns of interspecific gene flow and population dynamics within the Elymus and Pseudoroegneria species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ji, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaudhary, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perumal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moghanloo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hucl, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biligetu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharpe, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.27.714782</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Haplotype-resolved Genome Assemblies of Hybrid Wheatgrass and Bluebunch Wheatgrass Reveal the Stepwise Polyploid Origin and Biased Subgenome Dominance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.26.714438v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A stapled peptide inhibitor of MDM2 enables pharmacological activation of p53 in zebrafish 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.26.714438v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Measuring the activity of the tumor suppressor p53 in living systems is essential for understanding its dysregulation in cancer and other conditions, such as aging and diabetes. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are a powerful vertebrate model that enable such studies, due to the evolutionary conservation of p53 structure and function. However, p53 activity in zebrafish has mainly been assessed using pharmacological methods that induce DNA damage or have off-target effects, making it difficult to isolate p53-specific responses from broader stress responses. Here, by using biophysical assays, molecular dynamics, and molecular assays, we show that sulanemadlin, a stapled peptide inhibitor of MDM2, binds to zebrafish Mdm2 and transcriptionally activates downstream targets of p53, including cdkn1a, isoform{Delta} 113p53, and Mdm2. No effect on gene expression was observed in embryos treated with a point-modified control peptide or in embryos carrying a mutation that renders p53 transcriptionally inactive. RNA sequencing further confirmed upregulation of p53 signaling and downregulation of DNA replication pathways, while an acridine orange assay showed no detectable increases in apoptosis. In contrast, the tested small molecule Mdm2 inhibitors exhibit reduced binding affinity to zebrafish Mdm2 due to an amino acid variation in the zebrafish Mdm2 binding pocket. By overcoming a species-specific barrier in p53-MDM2 binding, the stapled peptide sulanemadlin is the first pharmacological tool to specifically activate p53 in zebrafish without inducing measurable apoptosis, enabling direct in vivo studies of p53 regulation in cancer and other disease contexts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kheder, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krkoska, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mihalic, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kobar, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrysik, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bräutigam, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindström, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berman, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lane, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lama, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kannan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.26.714438</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A stapled peptide inhibitor of MDM2 enables pharmacological activation of p53 in zebrafish]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.31.715657v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Histone Modification Metapeaks are Epigenetic Landmarks Predictive of Cell State 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.31.715657v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Histone modifications are a key component of the epigenetic state of a cell, and they vary widely across different cell and tissue types, conditions, and disease states. Indeed, the majority of the genome is enriched with one histone mark or another across the thousands of cellular conditions that have been studied to date. Here, we use the largest-to-date collection of histone modification ChIP-seq datasets to identify the most important sites of histone modifications genome-wide. Collected and uniformly reprocessed by the International Human Epigenome Consortium, this data includes 5339 datasets enriched at nearly one billion total peaks across 59 different major cell or tissue types and in healthy and disease conditions, for six different histone marks. We propose FindMetapeaks, a new approach to identifying histone mark metapeaks, which are genomic regions with enrichment of a mark across many samples. We show that many of these epigenetic metapeaks are strongly indicative of cell and tissue type, or are associated with other sample characteristics, and highlight key regulatory regions of the genome. However, we also show that many metapeaks contain redundant information, and that parsimonious subsets of metapeaks can be selected by machine learning to predict cell state. Our histone mark metapeak atlas provides a concise set of regions for interpreting the epigenome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tanner, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perkins, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.31.715657</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Histone Modification Metapeaks are Epigenetic Landmarks Predictive of Cell State]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.01.715936v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Disentangling shape and size in a population of unusually large Threespine Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from Vancouver Island, British Columbia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.01.715936v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sarita Lake, British Columbia houses a distinctive population of threespine stickleback (Gastrosteus aculeatus L.) with a phenotype characterized by unusually large individuals relative to nearby conspecifics. We tested the hypothesis that members of this population are not isometrically larger but rather exhibit variation in allometric trajectories that reflect changes in developmental timing impacting the developmental-genetic architecture of the phenotype. We used 3D geometric morphometrics to characterize the size and shape of skulls, pectoral girdles and pelvic girdles from a sample of individuals from nearby freshwater and marine populations and compare them to a sample from Sarita Lake. We showed that individuals from the Sarita Lake population are larger in each body region compared to most other populations examined. Further, these individuals have dorsally expanded skulls and relatively robust pelvic armour. We also showed that the relationship between size and shape is differently structured among body regions and is heavily influenced by non-uniform sexually-mediated variation across populations sampled. Our results reflect complex underlying developmental trajectories, and we suggest that the 'large' phenotype observed may be driven by fecundity selection on female size in combination with a limnetic trophic niche and relatively increased predation pressure in Sarita Lake.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Perry, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duclos, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jamniczky, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.01.715936</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Disentangling shape and size in a population of unusually large Threespine Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from Vancouver Island, British Columbia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
</rdf:RDF>
